Solar-controlled laminated glazing

Abstract

The present invention relates to a laminated solar control glazing, the laminated solar control glazing comprising an outer glass pane (1) and an inner glass pane (4) joined by a thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3), and a solar control coating (2) attached to at least a portion of the inner surface of the outer glass, wherein the solar control coating (2) is such that the external visible light reflectance RLext of the laminated solar control glazing is at least 35% and the external solar energy reflectance REext of the laminated solar control glazing is at least 45%.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a solar-controlled laminated glazing having a low solar energy transmittance, and more particularly to such a solar-controlled laminated glazing having a high external visible light reflectance and external solar energy reflectance.

[0002] The present invention also relates to such solar-controlled laminated glazing, further comprising a low-emissivity insulating coating on the innermost surface of the laminated glazing. [Background technology]

[0003] Laminated glazing is used in many ways and applications, primarily in automobiles, but also in buildings as safety glazing, and has been known for some time. Laminated glazing can also be configured as solar-controlled glazing with low total solar energy transmittance. When using laminated glazing with a solar-controlled coating, the coating needs to be protected on the inside of the lamination, because currently, solar-controlled coatings manufactured by magnetron sputtering are not resistant to adverse weather or mechanical attacks.

[0004] In some cases of solar-controlled laminated glazing, relatively high light transmittance and low total solar radiation transmittance are required. However, for example, in automobiles with large surface area glass, using low visible light transmittance laminated glass panes with solar control functionality reduces heating inside the driver's cab. This increases occupant comfort and can also reduce energy costs, weight, and manufacturing costs: the ventilation and air conditioning units typically used can be made smaller to require less power. Laminated glass panes are used particularly in side window panes, rear windows, and sunroofs. In these cases, the glazing can typically be fitted with a coating that primarily reflects and / or absorbs infrared rays. By using solar-controlled laminated glass panes, excessive heating inside the driver's cab is efficiently prevented to a very satisfactory degree, even when the automobile has a large surface area of ​​glass.

[0005] Conventional solar-controlled laminated glazing can only sufficiently reduce total solar transmittance by increasing absorption. Absorption in the visible and / or infrared wavelengths can be increased by using strongly light-absorbing colored glass and / or thermoplastic interlayer sheets, or by using strongly light-absorbing solar-controlled coatings. Even in these cases, it has been found that it is not possible to reduce total solar transmittance to below 10%.

[0006] European Patent Application Publication No. 1765588A1 discloses various examples of laminated glazing for vehicle roofs, including a solar control coating on the inside of the outer glass pane, and several examples further having a low emissivity coating on the inside of the inner glass pane. However, in all of these examples, the total solar energy transmittance (solar factor) always remains above 30%.

[0007] International Publication No. 2019110172A1 discloses a laminated glazing for vehicle roofs, comprising a solar control coating on the inside of an outer glass pane and a low emissivity coating on the inside of an inner glass pane. This results in a total solar energy transmittance (solar factor) with low visible light transmittance and reflectance levels, which means high light absorption. With high visible light absorption, most of the solar radiation is absorbed and then emitted inward, thus limiting how much the total solar radiation transmittance level of these glazings can be reduced. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0008] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved laminated glazing having solar control properties such that the total solar radiation transmittance (g) is significantly reduced.

[0009] Laminated glazing can be provided in window openings to separate an interior space, particularly the interior space of a vehicle or building, from the external environment. Laminated glazing includes a first exterior glass pane and a second interior glass pane joined by a thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3). For the purposes of this invention, the term interior glass pane (4) means the pane facing the interior space at the mounting location, and exterior pane means the pane facing the external environment at the mounting location. In the context of this invention, the inner upper surface of a pane, i.e., the interior surface, is understood to mean the surface of that pane facing inward at the mounting location. In the context of this invention, the outer surface of a pane is understood to mean the surface of the pane facing the external environment at the mounting location. According to common practices in the art, the surfaces of the interior (4) and exterior (1) glass panes are numbered 1 to 4, starting with the outer surface of the exterior pane (surface 1), as is commonly done in the art. The inner surface of the exterior pane is numbered surface 2, the outer surface of the interior pane is numbered surface 3, and the inner surface of the interior pane is numbered surface 4. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The object of the present invention is realized by the subject matter of claim 1 and subsequent claims. The inventors have found that the total solar radiation transmittance of a solar-controlled laminated glazing, which includes an outer glass pane (1) and an inner glass pane (4) bonded by a thermoplastic intervening sheet (3) and a solar-controlled coating (2) attached to at least a portion of the inner surface of the outer glass, can be significantly reduced by providing a solar-controlled coating (2) such that the external visible light reflectance RLext of the laminated solar-controlled glazing is at least 35% and the external solar energy reflectance REext of the laminated solar-controlled glazing is at least 45%.

[0011] The optical properties of the solar-controlled coated outer glass pane (1) alone can change significantly when it is laminated with the inner glass pane (4). Therefore, the optical properties need to be evaluated for laminated glazing.

[0012] By enabling such visible light and solar energy reflectivity levels, the inventors have found that particularly low total solar energy transmittance levels can be achieved in laminated solar control glazing.

[0013] Therefore, the present invention relates to a laminated solar control glazing, wherein the laminated solar control glazing is a. An outer glass pane (1) and an inner glass pane (4) joined by a thermoplastic intervening sheet (3), b. A solar control coating (2) attached to at least a portion of the inner surface of the outer glass, c. The solar control coating (2) is such that the external visible light reflectance RLext of the laminated solar control glazing is at least 35%, and the external solar energy reflectance REext of the laminated solar control glazing is at least 45%. Regarding laminated solar control glazing.

[0014] The inventors have found that it is possible to obtain a laminated solar control glazing having a low total solar energy transmittance.

[0015] [High LT Modified Form] In a high visible light transmittance embodiment of the present invention, the laminated solar control glazing has a visible light transmittance LT of at least 40% and a total solar energy transmittance g of 0.450 or less. At least 40% LT is of particular interest for certain building applications where sufficient transparency is desirable. In particular, LT may be <55% to limit glare inside the building. Advantageously, g may be less than 0.400, less than 0.350, or even less than 0.300 for LT less than 50%. More advantageously, g may be less than 0.300 for LT less than 45%.

[0016] [Low LT Modification] In the low visible light transmittance embodiment of the present invention, the laminated solar control glazing has a total solar energy transmittance g of 0.130 or less and a visible light transmittance LT in the range of 1% to 10%. Such optoenergetical properties, in particular low LT, can be achieved by various means that work in combination with a high level of RLext. In particular, the laminated solar control glazing may include a light-absorbing thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) or a light-absorbing internal glass pane (4). Alternatively, the solar control coating (2) may include a light-absorbing layer.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the external and / or internal glass panes are heat-treated, and in particular, thermally reinforced, strengthened, and / or bent.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the laminated solar control glazing can have an external visible light reflectance RLext of at least 37%, preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 41%. At higher visible light reflectance levels, a lower g-value can be obtained.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the laminated solar control glazing can have an external visible light reflectance RLext of at most 70%, preferably at most 55%, more preferably at most 50%. If the external visible light reflectance is too high, it may be recognized as unpleasant or causing dizziness by passers-by or drivers of other vehicles.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the laminated solar control glazing can have an external solar energy reflectance REext of at least 50%, preferably at least 55%. At higher solar energy reflectance levels, a lower g-value can be obtained.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the laminated solar control glazing can have an external solar energy reflectance REext of at most 80%, preferably at most 65%, more preferably at most 60%.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, particularly in one embodiment with low visible transmittance of the present invention, the laminated solar control glazing can have a visible light transmittance TL of 8% or less, preferably 6% or less, more preferably 4% or less, or even 3.5% or less. Further, TL can be at least 1%, preferably at least 3%. Such visible light transmittance levels provide sufficient visibility through the glazing while limiting the amount of glare to an observer located behind the glazing.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, particularly in one embodiment of the low visible transmittance of the present invention, the stacked solar control glazing is formed to have a total solar energy transmittance g of 0.120 or less, preferably 0.110 or less, more preferably 0.100 or less, even more preferably 0.095 or less, and even more preferably 0.090 or less.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, particularly in one embodiment of the low-visible transmittance of the present invention, the laminated solar control glazing has no coating on its inner surface and is formed to have a total solar energy transmittance g in the range of 0.200 to 0.500, preferably 0.250 to 0.450, and more preferably 0.260 to 0.420.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, particularly in a low-visibility transmittance embodiment of the present invention, the laminated solar control glazing includes a low-emissivity coating (5) on the inner surface of the second pane. Thus, in addition to high solar control functionality, thermal insulation functionality is obtained. Indeed, if the solar control functionality of laminated glazing is enhanced, for example in vehicles, such glass may be perceived as an unpleasant cold, especially under cold climate conditions. The inventors have found that providing a low-emissivity (low-E) coating on the inner surface of the laminated glazing reduces the perception of cold in winter, but it is also possible to reduce the emission of thermal radiation from the glazing inward, and thus reduce solar radiation transmittance, in order to further improve solar control properties at high external temperatures in summer.

[0026] It should be noted that the present invention relates to all possible combinations of the features described in the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0027] These and further aspects of the present invention will be described in more detail, for example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] [Figure 1]This diagram shows a schematic representation of laminated glazing according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0029] Here, the external (LRext) and internal (LRint) light reflectance, and the light transmittance (LT) are determined using light source A and an observer angle of 2°, in accordance with the ISO 9050 (2003) standard. The solar energy transmittance, and the external (ERext) and internal (ERint) solar energy reflectance are determined in accordance with the ISO 9050 standard. As specified in the standard used, visible light reflectance and transmittance relate only to visible wavelengths. Solar energy reflectance and transmittance relate to the entire solar wavelength range, and therefore include visible and infrared wavelengths. Total solar energy transmittance includes radiation absorbed and re-emitted in the infrared wavelength range, in particular. Total solar radiation transmittance or solar factor (TTS, SF, or g) is determined by direct transmission through glazing. On the other hand, this is the percentage of incident energy radiation absorbed and then radiated in the opposite direction to the energy source related to glazing. This is calculated here using wind speed = 0 km / h, in accordance with the standard ISO 13837 (2021).

[0030] The external reflectance, light or solar energy reflectance, of a laminated glazing is measured on its outer surface, and the internal reflectance is measured on its inner surface. "Inner" and "outer" refer to the intended mounting position of the glazing. In this invention, the external reflectance of the laminated glazing is measured on the outer surface of its outer pane, and the internal reflectance is measured on the inner surface of its inner pane. As is common in the glazing industry, the glass sheets are numbered starting from the glass sheet in contact with the outside and moving inward. Furthermore, the faces of the glass sheets are numbered starting from the face of the first glass sheet in contact with the outside and moving inward. Each pane has two faces: the outer surface of the outer pane is called face number 1, the inner surface of the outer pane is called face number 2, the outer surface of the inner pane is called face number 3, and the inner surface of the inner pane is called face number 4.

[0031] The emissivity (ε) is calculated in accordance with the standards EN673 and ISO 10292.

[0032] The CIELAB 1976 values ​​(L*, a*, b*) are used to define color. These are measured using a light source D65 / 10°.

[0033] Here, when values ​​are referred to as "within the range of a to b" or "from a to b", they may be equal to a or b.

[0034] For clarity, where terms such as “bottom,” “top,” “below,” “up,” “lower,” “upper,” “first,” or “last” are used herein, this always refers to the order of layers, starting from below the pane surface and moving upward, further away from the glass. Such an order may include further intermediate layers between the defined layers unless explicitly stated to be in direct contact.

[0035] Figure 1 shows a laminated glazing according to one embodiment of the present invention. An outer glass pane (1) and an inner glass pane (4) are bonded together by a thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3), and a solar control coating (2) is attached to at least a portion of the inner surface of the outer glass pane (1). An optional low emissivity (lowE) coating (5) is applied to the inner surface of the laminated glazing. The laminated glazing of the present invention provides high reflectivity to radiation from the sun (6) and therefore achieves a lower total solar energy transmittance.

[0036] The solar control coating (2) of the laminated solar control glazing of the present invention is provided on the second surface of the laminated glazing. This allows incident sunlight to be reflected before it reaches the intervening thermoplastic sheet and the second glass sheet, thus limiting the amount of radiation transmitted from the sun, and also limiting the amount of radiation absorbed and thereby re-emitted inward.

[0037] To obtain the desired light energy characteristics, the solar control coating (2) can include an alternating arrangement of n infrared reflective layers (functional layers) and n+1 dielectric coatings (where n≧1), so that each functional layer is surrounded by a dielectric coating.

[0038] In such solar control coatings (2), the infrared reflective functional layer preferably contains or consists of silver. When the infrared reflective functional layer is described as containing silver, this is intended to mean, for example, an alloy of silver with another metallic element such as palladium, platinum, copper, or gold in up to 10% by weight.

[0039] In such solar control coatings (2), the dielectric coating is a. Oxides of Bi, Hf, In, Mg, Nb, Ni, Sb, Sn, Ti, W, Y, Zn, Zr, Al, Si, or mixtures thereof, particularly oxides of In and Sn, Zn and Sn, Zn and Ti, Ti and Zr, Ti and Si, Ti and Nb, Zr and B, Ga and Zn, Zn and Al, Ti and Zr and Si, Ti and Zr and Al, or mixtures of oxides of Ti and Zr and Al and Y, where any oxide is optionally doped with Al, B, F, or Ga, In, Si, Sb, Sn, Sb. b. Nitrides of Al, Cr, Si, Ta, Ti, Zr, or mixtures thereof, particularly Si and Zr, or mixtures of Si and Ta nitrides, wherein any nitride is optionally doped with Al, Cr, Ni, or Z, c. Si oxynitride or oxycarbide, It can contain one or more layers.

[0040] In such solar control coatings (2), the dielectric coating may include, in particular, one or more layers of metal oxides of the type SnO2, ZnO, Nb2O5, TiO2, Ta2O5, or SiO2, or mixed oxides; or layers of mixed oxides of zinc and tin, titanium and zirconium, or silicon and zirconium; or layers of nitrides of the type AlN, Si3N4, or SiZrN.

[0041] Furthermore, the dielectric coating may optionally include thin layers of partially oxidized metal above and / or below each infrared reflective functional layer, which are intended to function as nucleation or sacrificial layers. These may be made of Sn, Zn, Ti, Ni, Cr, NiCr, Nb, etc.

[0042] In one preferred embodiment, above and / or below each functional layer, there is a layer containing zinc oxide, optionally doped with aluminum or mixed with tin oxide, intended to function as a nucleating layer or barrier layer. Such seed / barrier layers are particularly preferred because they may provide lower absorption levels than partially oxidized metal layers. Such seed layers are particularly useful for improving the quality of the infrared reflective functional layer above, especially silver.

[0043] Preferred nucleating layers include zinc oxide doped with Ti, NiCr, or aluminum as described above, or zinc oxide mixed with tin oxide.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) includes one functional layer. Such a coating can be manufactured economically.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) includes a glass pane, a first dielectric coating, a first functional layer, and a second dielectric coating.

[0046] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) comprises two functional layers. Such a solar control coating (2) can obtain better light energy properties than a solar control coating (2) with one functional layer, while still being reasonably economical to manufacture. For example, such a solar control coating (2) comprises, in the order starting with a glass pane, a first dielectric coating, a first functional layer, a second dielectric coating, a second functional layer, and a third dielectric coating.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) includes three functional layers. Such a solar control coating (2) can obtain the best light energy characteristics, but is more expensive to manufacture than a solar control coating (2) with one or two functional layers. For example, such a solar control coating (2) may include, in order starting from a glass pane, a first dielectric coating, a first functional layer, a second dielectric coating, a second functional layer, a third dielectric coating, a third functional layer, and a fourth dielectric coating.

[0048] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) includes an uppermost layer within the uppermost dielectric coating. Such an uppermost layer, which is the uppermost layer in the solar control coating (2), mechanically protects the stack of layers in particular.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the physical thicknesses of the n functional layers of the solar control coating (2) is at least 19 nm.

[0050] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the physical thicknesses of the n functional layers of a solar control coating (2) including two or more functional layers is at least 25 nm, preferably at least 30 nm, and more preferably at least 35 nm. It has been found that when the total thickness of the functional layers is greater, the total solar energy transmittance is lower.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the total physical thickness of n functional layers in a solar control coating (2) including two or more functional layers is at most 65 nm, preferably at most 50 nm, or even at most 45 nm. It has been found that when the thickness of the functional layers is too large, visible light absorption begins to increase.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric coating of the solar control coating (2) includes a contact layer containing zinc oxide that is located below and / or above each functional layer and in contact with it.

[0053] The material of the contact layer below or above any functional layer in the stack of layers of the present invention can be independently selected from any of the following: a. Zinc oxide doped with aluminum in a weight ratio of at least 95 / 5, preferably at least 98 / 2 Zn / Al; b. Pure ZnO (indicated as iZnO); c. Zinc oxide doped with aluminum (referred to as AZO) or tin in a ratio of up to 10% by weight, or up to 5% by weight, preferably about 2% by weight of aluminum or tin.

[0054] These types of contact layers have the advantage of reducing changes in light energy properties, particularly color and transmittance, due to heat treatment.

[0055] Alternatively, a contact layer based on a metal that is at least partially oxidized can be used. Compared to a zinc oxide-based contact layer, such metal-based contact layers exhibit significant changes in their optical energy properties due to heat treatment, and require careful control of the deposition of the oxide and nitride layers on top, because these cause varying degrees of oxidation / nitration of the underlying metal layer. Compared to a metal-based contact layer, a zinc oxide-based contact layer also leads to more controlled growth of the functional layer on top, thereby requiring a smaller functional layer thickness to achieve the desired level of energetic reflection (RE).

[0056] A zinc oxide-based contact layer can be obtained by sputtering a zinc metal target in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, optionally doped with aluminum or tin. Alternatively, the contact layer can be obtained by sputtering a ceramic target of aluminum or tin-doped zinc oxide in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. This is preferred when depositing the contact layer on a silver layer.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the contact layer containing zinc oxide is preferably up to 10 nm, more preferably up to 8 nm, and even more preferably up to 6 nm.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the contact layer containing zinc oxide is preferably at least 2 nm, more preferably at least 3 nm.

[0059] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) includes two functional layers. For example, such a solar control coating (2) includes, in order starting with glass, a first dielectric coating, a first functional layer, a second dielectric coating, a second functional layer, and a third dielectric coating.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the solar control coating (2), the optical thickness of the first dielectric coating is 15 to 185 nm, and / or the optical thickness of the second dielectric coating is 140 to 250 nm, and / or the optical thickness of the third dielectric coating is 30 to 200 nm.

[0061] Here, the optical thickness is obtained by multiplying the physical thickness of the material layer by the refractive index of the material at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0062] Optical thickness can be understood as optical path length, which is practically important with respect to the optical interaction with the coating. While it depends on one or more layers of the selected dielectric coating material, their physical thicknesses can be adjusted to achieve the same target optical thickness required to realize the present invention. Therefore, by considering optical thickness, the design of the optical interferometry system of this solar control coating can be optimized.

[0063] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the solar control coating (2), the sum of the optical thicknesses of the first, second, and third dielectric coatings is 280 to 460 nm.

[0064] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) comprises two functional layers, the first, second, and / or third dielectric coatings comprising layers of a zinc-tin mixed oxide.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) comprises two functional layers, the first dielectric coating comprising a zinc-tin oxide layer and a zinc oxide-based contact layer.

[0066] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) comprises two functional layers, the second dielectric coating comprising, in order starting with the first functional layer, a titanium sacrificial barrier layer in contact with the first functional layer, a zinc-tin mixed oxide layer, and a zinc oxide-based contact layer in contact with the second functional layer.

[0067] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) comprises two functional layers, and the third dielectric coating comprises or comprises a zinc oxide-based contact layer in contact with the second functional layer, a zinc-tin mixed oxide layer, and an uppermost layer. This uppermost layer is the final or topmost layer of the solar control coating (2) having a refractive index of at least 1.8 at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0068] The solar control coating (2) of the present invention may include a protective overcoat in contact with the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3). The protective overcoat helps protect the underlying layer from mechanical and chemical attack during processing and has a refractive index similar to that of the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3), so as not to significantly affect the optical properties of the laminated glazing over a wide range of thicknesses. Therefore, such a protective overcoat layer is not considered part of the top dielectric coating. The refractive index of the protective coating may be in the range of 1.4 to 1.8, for example, 1.4 to 1.6. The thickness of the protective coating may be in the range of 5 nm to 5000 nm, for example, 5 nm to 1000 nm, for example, 10 nm to 100 nm, for example, 10 nm to 50 nm, for example, 10 nm to 40 nm, for example, 20 nm to 30 nm, for example, 25 nm. The protective coating may include, but is not limited to, a layer having one or more metal oxide materials such as oxides of aluminum, silicon, or mixtures thereof.

[0069] For example, a protective coating may consist of one layer or at least two layers of different compositions, either of which may be alumina in the range of 0% to 100% by weight and / or silica in the range of 100% to 0% by weight, e.g., 5% to 95% by weight alumina and 95% to 5% by weight silica, e.g., 10% to 90% by weight alumina and 90% to 10% by weight silica, e.g., 15% to 90% by weight alumina and 85% to 10% by weight silica, e.g., 50% to 75% by weight alumina and 50% to 25% by weight silica, e.g., 50% to 70% by weight alumina This includes alumina and silica in amounts of 50% to 30% by weight, e.g., 35% to 100% by weight, and silica in amounts of 65% to 0% by weight, e.g., 70% to 90% by weight, and silica in amounts of 30% to 10% by weight, e.g., 75% to 85% by weight, and silica in amounts of 25% to 15% by weight, e.g., 88% by weight, and silica in amounts of 12% by weight, e.g., 65% to 75% by weight, and silica in amounts of 35% to 25% by weight, e.g., 70% by weight, and silica in amounts of 30% by weight, e.g., 60% to less than 75% by weight, and silica in amounts of more than 25% to 40% by weight. Other materials such as aluminum, chromium, hafnium, yttrium, nickel, boron, phosphorus, titanium, zirconium, and / or oxides thereof may also be present for purposes such as adjusting the refractive index of the protective coating.

[0070] In one non-limiting embodiment, the protective coating is a combination of silica and alumina coatings. The protective coating can be sputtered from a cathode (e.g., one silicon and one aluminum) or from a single cathode containing both silicon and aluminum. This silicon / aluminum oxide protective coating is Si x Al 1-x O 1.5+x / 2 It can be expressed as follows, where x can vary between 0 and less than 1.

[0071] Alternatively, the protective coating may be a multilayer coating formed by separately formed layers of metal oxide material, such as a bilayer formed by one metal oxide-containing layer (e.g., a first layer containing silica and / or alumina) formed on another metal oxide-containing layer (e.g., a second layer containing silica and / or alumina). The individual layers of the multilayer protective coating may be of any desired thickness.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zinc-tin mixed oxide layer in any dielectric coating is a layer having a zinc-tin ratio of 40-60 wt%-60-40 wt% (Zn2SnO4), for example, 52-48 wt%. The zinc-tin mixed oxide may be advantageous in that it has a good deposition rate compared to, for example, SiO2 or Al2O3, and / or has good chemical stability compared to, for example, pure ZnO or bismuth oxide. Furthermore, it may be advantageous in that it is less prone to haze formation after heat treatment of the stack compared to, for example, Ti or Zr oxides of similar thickness.

[0073] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) includes an uppermost layer in the uppermost dielectric coating that contains a metal oxide or metal nitride containing titanium and / or zirconium, or a mixed oxide or mixed nitride of silicon and zirconium. Such a layer provides, in particular, mechanical protection of the layer stack. According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the uppermost layer contains an oxide containing titanium and / or zirconium, thereby providing good adhesion to the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3).

[0074] In one advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the top layer is at least TiO y and ZrO z Includes, and in some cases SiO x This includes, where x, y, and z may be in the range of 1.8 to 2.2, and the top layer is, a. 8-49 atomic percent titanium, b. 51-92 atomic percent zirconium, c. May contain 0-9 atomic percent silicon. d. The total amount of metal is 100 atomic percent, and the top layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 nm; this can improve durability by increasing wear resistance by at least 20%, or at least 30%, or at least 40%.

[0075] In some embodiments of this use that can be adapted to other embodiments of the present invention, the above ranges of Ti, Zr, and Si in the top layer may vary independently of each other. Alternatively, the amount of Ti may be in the range of 10 to 47 atomic percent, or 12 to 46 atomic percent. Alternatively, the amount of Zr may be in the range of 53 to 90 atomic percent. Alternatively, the amount of Si may be in the range of 1 to 8 atomic percent, or 2 to 7 atomic percent. Thus, these amounts can vary independently for each metal, however the total is 100 atomic percent of metal, including impurities as described above.

[0076] In one advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the top layer of the metal oxide or metal nitride is an oxide or quasi-stoichiometric oxide of at least one element selected from Ti and Zr, more preferably, for example, TiO2 close to 65 / 35. y / ZrO z It consists of a titanium-zirconium mixed oxide in a weight ratio of [value]. Such a layer can provide particularly good chemical and / or mechanical stability to the glazing.

[0077] A small amount of yttrium may be present in any of the Zr-containing layers of this solar control coating (2).

[0078] In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the top layer of the metal oxide or metal nitride consists of a silicon-zirconium mixed nitride. Advantageously, the silicon-zirconium mixed nitride has a Si / Zr atomic ratio of at least 1 or at least 4. Advantageously, the silicon-zirconium mixed nitride has a Si / Zr atomic ratio of up to 12 or up to 6.

[0079] In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the top layer of the metal oxide or metal nitride consists of a silicon-zirconium mixed oxide containing 5 to 50 mol%, preferably 8 to 20 mol%, of zirconium oxide. The mixed silicon-zirconium oxide layer may have a geometric thickness in the range of 1 to 10 nm, or 1.5 to 9 nm, or 4 to 9 nm.

[0080] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the top layer has a geometric thickness of at least 1 nm, preferably at least 1.5 nm, if it contains an oxide of Ti and / or Zr, particularly Ti and / or Zr. This geometric thickness is up to 10 nm, and favorably up to 6 nm. The oxides of Ti and Zr have a higher refractive index than, for example, SiO2, zinc-tin oxide, and silicon nitride. If such oxides are too thick, undesirable reflectivity levels and / or color may be obtained.

[0081] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the laminated glazing has an RLext / TL ratio of at least 10, preferably at least 13, and more preferably at least 15. As the RLext / TL ratio increases, visibility from the outside to the inside is significantly reduced, thus providing privacy for everyone inside the vehicle, for example.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the stacked glazing has blue, green, and blue-green colors in external reflection. Such colors can be obtained, in particular, by appropriately adjusting the optical thickness of the dielectric coating. The color coordinates of the external reflection may be, for example, coordinates such that a*<0 and b*<0.

[0083] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) includes one or more layers of absorbent material, particularly inserted in a dielectric coating or inserted between a dielectric coating and a functional layer.

[0084] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the solar control coating (2) does not include a layer of absorbent material, particularly inserted in the dielectric coating or between the dielectric coating and the functional layer. The layer of absorbent material is a layer having an extinction coefficient k such that 1.0 ≤ k. The extinction coefficient k may be particularly 3.5 or less. The extinction coefficient corresponds to the imaginary part of the refractive index, where the refractive index is considered at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0085] A layer of absorbent material may help reduce the total solar energy transmittance of the layer stack. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the geometric thicknesses of one or more layers of absorbent material is in the range of 2 to 10 nm, preferably 2 to 7 nm, and more preferably 2.5 to 5.5 nm. The inventors have found that if the absorbent layer is too thick, the selectivity value tends to decrease, while if the thickness is too small, the LT cannot be sufficiently reduced, especially if the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) and / or the internal glass sheet are not light-absorbing or have low light-absorbing properties.

[0086] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent material layer may include or consist of an alloy of Nb, Ti, titanium nitride, niobium nitride, Ni and Cr (NiCr alloy), or an alloy of Ni, Cr, and W (NiCrW alloy), or a nitride of an alloy of Ni and Cr (NiCrN), or a nitride of an alloy of Ni, Cr, and W (NiCrWN).

[0087] The absorbers TiN, NbN, and Nb reach 1.0 ≤ k ≤ 2.0 when 1.5 ≤ n ≤ 4.5. The more preferred absorbers Ti, NiCr, NiCr nitride, and NiCrW nitride reach 2.5 ≤ k ≤ 3.5 when 2.5 ≤ n ≤ 3.5, meaning they are more effective absorbers and have less impact on reflectivity because they require less thickness to reach the desired absorption level. As is common in the art, n is the real part of the refractive index of a particular material, while k is its imaginary part. Here, n and k are considered at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0088] The absorbent material may consist of an alloy of Ni, Cr, and W (NiCrW alloy) or a nitride of the Ni, Cr, and W alloy (NiCrW alloy), and may contain 30% to 90% by weight, preferably 40% to 70% by weight, advantageously 45% to 65% by weight of tungsten, and nickel and chromium in a nickel / chromium weight ratio of 100 / 0 to 50 / 50, preferably 80 / 20. NiCrW alloy nitrides, NiCrWN, may contain up to 20% by weight of nitrogen. NiCrWN may be formed unintentionally by leakage of a nitrogen atmosphere from upstream / downstream of the nitride sputtering deposit, reaching up to 10%, preferably as little as 5% by weight of nitrogen.

[0089] The absorbent material may consist of an alloy of Ni and Cr or a nitride of a Ni and Cr alloy, having a Ni / Cr weight ratio of 99 / 1 to 50 / 50, preferably 80 / 20. NiCr alloy nitrides NiCrN may contain up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, of nitrogen.

[0090] NiCrN and NiCrWN are particularly preferred absorbents because they minimize the risk of either oxygen or nitrogen transfer occurring during heat treatment.

[0091] In one embodiment of the present invention, a low-emissivity coating (5) on the inner surface of the laminated glazing, which is surface number 4, may be characterized by an emissivity of <0.30, preferably <0.20, more preferably <0.18, and even more preferably <0.15. The emissivity is measured in accordance with the standard EN 12898:2001.

[0092] In one embodiment of the present invention, the low-emissivity coating (5) on the inner surface of the multilayer glazing comprises a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer or at least one functional layer comprising a metallic nitride selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, chromium nitride, niobium nitride, molybdenum nitride, and hafnium nitride. Low-emissivity coatings based on such functional layers are particularly suitable because they are more durable than low-emissivity coatings based on silver.

[0093] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one TCO layer comprises indium tin oxide, antimony-doped or fluorine-doped tin oxide, gallium and / or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, mixed indium zinc oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten and / or magnesium-doped vanadium oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and / or cadmium stannate.

[0094] Preferred transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) can be selected from indium tin oxide, antimony-doped or fluorine-doped tin oxide, and / or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al), and / or gallium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga), with indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide being the most preferred.

[0095] The refractive index of the TCO functional layer material is preferably 1.7 to 2.5.

[0096] The emissivity of the pane according to the present invention may be affected by the thickness of the functional layer of the low emissivity coating (5). The thickness of at least one TCO layer may be in the range of 65 nm to 210 nm, preferably 90 nm to 175 nm, and most preferably 105 nm to 170 nm.

[0097] In embodiments including a first low-emissivity coating (5), the low-emissivity coating (5) is applied in the following order, starting from the substrate surface: a. An optional high refractive index layer that can have a geometric thickness in the range of 7-23 nm, 8-20 nm, or 9-19 nm. b. A first low refractive index layer, for example silicon dioxide, which may have a geometric thickness in the range of 18-55 nm, 20-50 nm, or 25-45 nm, and c. A transparent conductive oxide layer that can have a geometric thickness in the range of 75-210 nm, or 90-175 nm, or 105-170 nm, and d. Depending on the circumstances, i. A second high refractive index layer, for example, a silicon nitride barrier layer, which can have a thickness in the range of 0 to 15 nm, or 1 to 15 nm, or 1 to 12 nm. ii. Second low refractive index layer, e. and / or, depending on the case, a protective topcoat which may have a thickness of 2 to 40 nm, or 5 to 35 nm, or 6 to 30 nm, and which may contain, for example, silicon oxide having 5 to 40 mol% zirconium. Includes.

[0098] Examples of high refractive index dielectric layers with a refractive index of >1.7 or >1.8 include zirconium-doped titanium dioxide, silicon-doped titanium dioxide, mixed oxides of zinc and tin, mixed oxides of titanium and silicon, and silicon nitride.

[0099] Examples of low refractive index dielectric layers with a refractive index of ≤1.6 or ≤1.55 include silicon oxide, zirconium-doped silicon oxide, mixed oxides of silicon and aluminum, and magnesium fluoride.

[0100] In the absence of any optional layer, the low emissivity coating (5) can achieve an internal light transmittance LRint of <10% or even LRint <8%, while the presence of optional second high and low refractive index layers can achieve an internal light transmittance of LRint <4%, or LRint <3%, or even LRint <2%. The second high refractive index layer can further protect the TCO layer from degradation during bending or heat treatment. A protective topcoat can adjust the achromaticity in reflection, along with protection against scratches.

[0101] Typically, a pane of clear float glass (soda-lime glass) fitted with an optional low-emissivity coating (5) can have a light transmittance of LT in the range of 85% to 94%.

[0102] In an embodiment including the second low-emissivity coating (5), the low-emissivity coating (5) includes the same layer sequence as the first low-emissivity embodiment, except that the transparent conductive oxide is replaced by an alternating sequence of n layers of transparent conductive oxide each having a thickness in the range of, for example, 20 to 80 nm (where n > 1) and n - 1 intermediate layers of dielectric material including, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, or an alloy or mixture thereof.

[0103] In an embodiment including the third low-emissivity coating (5), at least one functional layer includes a metal nitride, and there is a crystallinity improvement layer containing ZrN x (where x is greater than 1.2 and at most 2.0) in contact thereunder. The ratio of the thickness of the functional layer to the thickness of the crystallinity improvement layer may advantageously be 5 to 10. The ratio of the integrated intensity of the peak of the (111) plane to the integrated intensity of the peak of the (200) plane in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the metal nitride contained in the functional layer can exceed 2.5.

[0104] In one embodiment, the metal nitride functional layer has an absorption coefficient exceeding 2.8 at a wavelength of 1500 nm.

[0105] In an embodiment including the fourth low-emissivity coating (5), the low-emissivity coating (5) in order starting from the substrate surface: a. A first dielectric layer having a thickness of 1.5 to 200 nm, b. A first crystallinity improvement layer having a thickness of 3 to 30 nm, c. A first metal nitride functional layer having a thickness of 3 to 60 nm, and d. A second dielectric layer having a thickness of 1.5 to 200 nm, and e. Optionally, followed by a second crystallinity improvement layer, a second metal nitride functional layer, and a third dielectric layer, where the crystallinity improvement layer is ZrN xThe metal nitride functional layer includes a value greater than 1.2 and a maximum of 2.0, and is selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, chromium nitride, niobium nitride, molybdenum nitride, and hafnium nitride, and can have a thickness in the range of 3 to 60 nm, and the first, second, and / or third dielectric layers can have a thickness in the range of 1.5 to 2000 nm, and can advantageously include aluminum-doped silicon nitride.

[0106] In any embodiment of the present invention, the metal nitride functional layer comprising a low emissivity coating (5) may further comprise an uppermost layer comprising silicon dioxide, titanium nitride, and / or carbon.

[0107] In any embodiment of the present invention, the metal nitride functional layer including the low emissivity coating (5) can be advantageously deposited by magnetron sputtering and subsequently advantageously subjected to heat treatment at a temperature in the range of 400 to 700°C for 2 to 60 minutes.

[0108] The exterior and interior panes may independently be glass sheets, or plastic sheets containing or made of poly(methyl meth)acrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or mixtures thereof.

[0109] In most cases, and at least one of the internal panes, the substrate is glass. However, it is preferable that both the external and internal panes be made of glass.

[0110] The glass may be any type of glass, such as conventional float glass or plate glass, and may be of any composition having any optical properties, for example, any value of visible light transmittance, ultraviolet light transmittance, infrared light transmittance, and / or total solar energy transmittance greater than 10%.

[0111] The glass may be, for example, a soda-lime silica type, an aluminosilicate type, or a borosilicate type. The glass composition typically comprises the following components (Comp. A). In all glass compositions described herein, the amounts are expressed in units of weight percentage or weight ppm based on the total weight of the glass.

[0112] The glass may be a glass substrate of ordinary clear, colored, or extra-clear (i.e., lower iron content and higher transmittance). Further examples of glass substrates include clear, green, bronze, or blue-green glass substrates. The laminated solar control glazing of the present invention can achieve particularly low solar energy transmittance even when one or both of the internal (4) and external (1) glass panes are clear or extra-clear glass panes.

[0113] The typical composition (Comp.B) of soda-lime silicate glass is as follows: TIFF2026525156000002.tif70170

[0114] In one advantageous embodiment, the glass substrate of the external glass pane (1) can be selected from transparent or ultra-transparent soda-lime glass. Such glass substrates have been found to facilitate the achievement of the high reflectivity levels required by the present invention for the solar control coating (2) in terms of limiting light absorption and solar energy absorption. These glass substrates typically have a light transmittance of at least 89% (measured with a glass sheet thickness of 4 mm). They can be considered colorless when viewed through the main surface.

[0115] In the art, the terms “ultra-white,” “ultra-transparent,” or “low-iron” glass are used synonymously herein and have been previously known in the fields of solar or building applications due to their high luminous transmittance and / or energy transmittance (at least 90% for a glass sheet thickness of 4 mm). These glasses contain small amounts of iron, such as 0.002–0.06 wt%, preferably 0.002–0.04 wt%, and more preferably 0.002–0.02 wt%, of total iron (expressed as Fe2O3).

[0116] Examples of suitable transparent soda-lime glass include types of glass that have high transmittance at infrared wavelengths, obtained by adding specific oxidizing agents such as chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, selenium oxide, manganese oxide, and / or cerium oxide to a base soda-lime composition. For example, a glass composition containing, in units of a percentage of the total weight of the glass: 0.002 to 0.06 wt% of total iron (expressed as Fe2O3); and 0.0001 to 0.06 wt%, preferably 0.002 to 0.06 wt% of Cr2O3; or a glass composition containing, in units of a percentage of the total weight of the glass: 0.0015 to 1 wt% of Cr2O3 and 0.0001 to 1 wt% of Co; or a glass composition containing, in units of a percentage of the total weight of the glass: 0.02 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.06 to 1 wt% of total iron (expressed as Fe2O3), 0.002 to 0.5 wt% of Cr2O3; and 0.0001 to 0.5 wt% of Co. Another solution for obtaining low-iron glass with very high transmittance in infrared light involves the use of cerium oxide (0.001-1 wt%) and / or a combination of well-known oxidizing agents, such as manganese (0.01-1 wt% MnO), antimony (0.01-1 wt% Sb2O3), arsenic (0.01-1 wt% As2O3), and / or copper (0.0002-0.1 wt% CuO). The composition can be selected so that the glass sheet becomes transparent glass.

[0117] Further examples of suitable clear soda-lime glass include clear soda-lime glass formulated to be readily chemically strengthenable and more ion-exchange-advantageous than conventional soda-lime silica glass compositions, while still being easily manufactured, particularly on existing production lines for conventional soda-lime silica glass. Such glass compositions may include the following component-compositions C to E. Preferably, these glasses contain a small amount of iron, such as total iron (expressed as Fe2O3), in an amount of 0.0001 to 0.06 wt%, preferably 0.002 to 0.04 wt%, and more preferably 0.002 to 0.02 wt%. TIFF2026525156000003.tif88170

[0118] Further examples of suitable clear soda-lime glass include clear soda-lime glass formulated to obtain high luminous transmittance and colorless / achromatic edges. Such glass compositions may contain, in units of percentage of the total weight of the glass: 0.002 to 0.04 wt% of total iron (represented in the form of Fe2O3) and 0.003 to 0.1 wt% of erbium (represented in the form of Er2O3), with a redox ratio of ≤ 32%, where: 1.3*Fe2O3 ≤ Er2O3 - 21.87*Cr2O3 - 53.12*Co ≤ 2.6*Fe2O3.

[0119] Another example of a transparent soda-lime glass composition is its content, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the glass: Total iron (expressed as Fe2O3) in amounts of 20-750 ppm; Selenium in amounts of 0.1 to <3 ppm (represented as Se); Cobalt in amounts of 0.05 to 5 ppm (represented as Co); and Er2O3 / Fe2O3 ratio between 0.1 and 1.5 It may contain the following ingredients.

[0120] The glass may be annealed, tempered, or heat-strengthened glass.

[0121] The external and internal panes can independently have thicknesses ranging from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, or 0.5 mm to 10 mm, or 0.5 mm to 8 mm, or 0.5 mm to 6 mm, or 0.5 mm to 4 mm.

[0122] Both panes can have the same thickness, for example, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.6 mm, 2.1 mm, or 3 mm. Such a symmetrical configuration in terms of glass thickness simplifies the process and allows for conventional sizing in the lamination process.

[0123] Both panes can have different thicknesses, thereby achieving asymmetrical laminated glazing, for example, pane 1 = 0.5 mm and pane 2 = 2.1 mm, or pane 1 = 0.8 mm and pane 2 = 2.1 mm, or pane 1 = 0.5 mm and pane 2 = 1.6 mm, or pane 1 = 0.8 mm and pane 2 = 1.6 mm, or pane 1 = 1.6 mm and pane 2 = 2.1 mm. Such asymmetrical configurations of glass thickness provide freedom in curvature and / or weight control, and / or freedom in light / sunlight adjustment.

[0124] As used herein, the terms “thermoplastic interlayer sheet” or “interlayer” may generally be referred to as a single-layer sheet or a multilayer thermoplastic interlayer sheet. A “single-layer sheet,” as the name suggests, is a single or monolithic thermoplastic layer extruded as one layer, which is used to laminate two panes. A multilayer thermoplastic interlayer sheet, on the other hand, may include multiple layers of thermoplastic material, including separately extruded layers, co-extruded layers, or any combination of separately extruded and co-extruded layers. Thus, a multilayer thermoplastic interlayer sheet may include, for example, two or more single-layer sheets combined with each other ("multilayer sheet"); two or more layers co-extruded with each other ("co-extruded sheet"); two or more co-extruded sheets combined with each other; a combination of at least one single-layer sheet and at least one co-extruded sheet; a combination of at least one multilayer sheet and at least one co-extruded sheet; or any other combination of sheets as desired.

[0125] The thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) can be formed, for example, from one or more thermoplastic films.

[0126] The thermoplastic interposed sheet (3) may contain polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), polyvinyl chloride, poly(vinyl chloride-co-methacrylate), polyethylene, polyolefin, ethylene acrylate ester copolymer, poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate), silicone elastomer, epoxy resin, and acid copolymer.

[0127] The thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) preferably comprises polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), and / or mixtures and / or copolymers thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.

[0128] The thermoplastic interposed sheet (3) is preferably based on the material described above, however, it may contain other components, such as plasticizers, photophores, heat insulating particles, infrared absorbing particles, polymer dispersed liquid crystals, suspended particles, pigments, colorants, or UV absorbers, preferably in a content of less than 50%.

[0129] To characterize the optical properties of the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) independently of the substrates and coatings present during the final lamination glazing, such optical measurements are performed on a reference laminated structure of two standard soda-lime transparent glass substrates laminated with a thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) of a specific thickness to be characterized.

[0130] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) is provided with a thickness of 0.76 mm and has a light transmittance of 90% or less / at least 1% when measured between two 2 mm thick normal clear glass sheets using a light source A / 2° in accordance with the standard EN410:2011.

[0131] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when given a thickness of 0.76 mm and measured between two 2 mm thick ordinary transparent glass sheets in accordance with the standard EN410:2011, the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) has a solar energy absorption rate of 50% or less / at least 3%.

[0132] According to one advantageous embodiment of the present invention, when measured between two 2 mm thick ordinary transparent glass sheets using a light source A / 2° in accordance with the standard EN410:2011, the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) has a light transmittance of 90% or less / at least 42% and a solar energy transmittance of 45% or less / at least 10%.

[0133] According to one advantageous embodiment of the present invention, when measured between two 2 mm thick ordinary transparent glass sheets using a light source A / 2° in accordance with the standard EN410:2011, the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) has a light transmittance of 52% or less / at least 0.5% and a solar energy absorptance of 90% or less / at least 50%, and in particular the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) has a light transmittance of 8% or less / at least 1% and a solar energy transmittance of 89% or less / at least 75%.

[0134] The thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) preferably has a thickness of about 0.2 mm to 1 mm, for example, 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

[0135] The present invention also relates to the use of the laminated solar control glazing according to the present invention as a window pane for a vehicle.

[0136] The laminated solar control glazing according to the present invention meets the high safety requirements in the vehicle sector. These requirements can typically be verified by standardized fracture, impact, and abrasion tests well known to those skilled in the art, such as the ECE R43 ball drop test.

[0137] This layered solar control glazing can be used, in particular, as a roof for vehicles.

[0138] Vehicles include those useful for transport on roads, in the air, underwater, and on water, particularly automobiles, buses, trams, trains, ships, aircraft, spacecraft, space stations, and other self-propelled vehicles.

[0139] Window panes include rear windows, side windows, sunroofs, panoramic roofs, or any other windows useful to an automobile, or any glazing of any other transport device, where a light transmittance LT > 70% is not a required feature.

[0140] Window panes are preferable to roof panels of vehicles, particularly passenger cars, because they can best provide solar control over a larger surface area than side windows.

[0141] This pane can also be useful in architectural applications. Examples of architectural applications include displays, windows, doors, partitions, and shower panels.

[0142] In some cases, stacked solar control glazing can function as a glazing for heated vehicles. [Examples]

[0143] The optical properties of different solar control coating (2) examples were evaluated using different laminated glass configurations LAM1 to LAM6. The outer glass is the glass that will be in contact with the external environment, and the inner glass is the glass that will be in contact with the internal environment of the enclosure. The solar control coating (2) is placed at position 2, which is the side of the outer glass facing inward. The solar control coating (2) is in contact with the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3). If a low emissivity coating (5) is present, it is placed at position 4, which is the side of the inner glass facing inward (lowE position 4). This lowE coating is ITO(InSnO x ) can be used as a base, typically starting with glass: TZO (14nm) / SiO2 (35nm) / InSnO x (136nm) / SiO2(77nm) / SiZrO x It includes a layer sequence of (17 nm) and has a typical emissivity of 0.15 in the following example.

[0144] All layers during coating are applied by magnetron sputtering on an industrial sputtering coater, up to a maximum size of 3.21 × 6 m. 2 It can be deposited on a soda-lime glass substrate of a certain size.

[0145] TIFF2026525156000004.tif78170

[0146] The polyvinyl butyral (PVB) thermoplastic interlayer sheets (3) named Grey1.5, Grey4, Grey6, Grey8, and Grey13 have light transmittances of 1.5%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 13%, respectively.

[0147] Standard transparent PVB is PVB with a light transmittance of 84% or higher. All data for PVB thermoplastic interlayer sheets (3) are measured in accordance with EN 410(2011) / ISO 9050 on laminated glass having 2 mm of normal transparent float glass / 0.76 mm of PVB / 2 mm of normal transparent float glass.

[0148] Tables 2a and 2b show layer stacks of different solar control coatings (2). REF is a typical solar control coating (2) used, for example, in a laminated windshield. Examples 1-9 are solar control coatings (2) having two silver functional layers and the same layer order, but with different layer thicknesses. Example 10 is a solar control coating (2) with one silver functional layer. Examples 11-14 show solar control coatings (2) with two silver functional layers and different layer orders. Comparative example CEX is a coating for laminated glazing with one silver functional layer.

[0149] TIFF2026525156000005.tif129170

[0150] TIFF2026525156000006.tif140170

[0151] Layer materials used in the examples a. ZSO is a mixed oxide of tin and zinc sputtered from a metallic zinc-tin target with a zinc / tin weight ratio of 52 / 48 in an Ar-O2 atmosphere. b. ZnO:Al is zinc oxide doped with aluminum deposited from either a metallic target of 2 atomic % Al of zinc doped with aluminum in an atmosphere of Ar and O2; alternatively, ZnO:Al can be deposited from a ceramic target of zinc oxide doped with aluminum in an argon atmosphere. c. The Ti barrier is deposited directly as a metal onto the silver functional layer from a Ti metal target in an Ar atmosphere. The Ti barrier is a sacrificial layer that is at least partially oxidized during the deposition of the subsequent oxide layer. d. The NiCr barrier is deposited directly as a metal onto the silver functional layer from a NiCr alloy target in an Ar atmosphere. The NiCr barrier is a sacrificial layer that is at least partially oxidized during the deposition of the subsequent oxide. Here, NiCr is an alloy with a 80 / 20 Ni / Cr weight ratio. e. TiO2 is titanium oxide deposited from a Ti metal target in an Ar-O2 atmosphere. The titanium oxide may be completely stoichiometric or may be partially oxidized and can be described as TiO x (where 1 < x < 2). f. SiN is Si3N4 deposited from a metal Si target doped with aluminum in an Ar atmosphere. g. SiZrN is a mixed nitride of silicon and zirconium with a Si / Zr ratio of 60 / 40 weight %. h. TZO is a mixed oxide of titanium and zirconium having a TiO2 / ZrO2 ratio of 65 / 35 weight %.

[0152] The refractive indices of the above materials at a wavelength of 550 nm are as follows: TIFF2026525156000007.tif41170

[0153] TIFF2026525156000008.tif109170

[0154] As can be seen from Table 3a regarding configuration LAM6 having solar control coatings (2) EX1 to EX10, an external visible light reflectance RLext of over 35% is obtained, and at the same time, an external solar energy reflectance REext of over 45% is obtained. At the same time, a light transmittance of over 40% is obtained. Using the standard solar control coating (2) REF, a higher light transmittance is obtained, but the total solar energy transmittance g is too high. Using the comparative example solar control coating (2) CEX, a lower total solar energy transmittance is achieved, but the visible light transmittance is too low for most building applications.

[0155] TIFF2026525156000009.tif111170

[0156] As can be seen from Table 3b for configuration LAM3 having lowE at position 4 and solar control coatings (2) EX1 to EX10, an external visible light reflectance RLext of over 35% is obtained, and at the same time, an external solar energy reflectance REext of over 45% is obtained. Simultaneously, a light transmittance of 3 to 4% is obtained. The total solar energy transmittance is particularly low, reaching 0.076. When using the standard solar control coating (2) REF, a somewhat higher light transmittance is achieved, and a significantly higher total solar energy transmittance g is obtained. In Table 3c, for the same configuration with solar control coatings (2) EX11 to EX14, an external visible light reflectance RLext of over 35% is obtained, and at the same time, an external solar energy reflectance REext of over 45% is obtained. Simultaneously, a light transmittance of 2 to 4% is obtained. The total solar energy transmittance is particularly low, reaching 0.085. The comparative example solar control coating (2) CEX does not reach a low total solar energy transmittance even when the visible light reflectance is high. The solar energy reflectance does not reach a sufficiently high level.

[0157] TIFF2026525156000010.tif84170

[0158] TIFF2026525156000011.tif95170

[0159] As can be seen from Table 3d for each of the configurations LAM1, LAM2, and LAM4, which have lowE at position 4, a significantly lower total solar energy transmittance value is obtained by combining high external visible light reflectance and high external solar energy reflectance.

[0160] Therefore, various solar control coatings (2) can be used in the laminated solar control glazing of the present invention. As can be seen from the numerous examples above, by providing a laminated glazing having sufficiently high external solar energy reflectance and visible light reflectance, a significantly lower total solar energy transmittance level can be obtained compared to the comparative example in which another solar control coating (2) that does not reach these reflectance levels is used.

Claims

1. A stacked solar control glazing, wherein the stacked solar control glazing is a. An outer glass pane (1) and an inner glass pane (4) joined by a thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3), b. A solar control coating (2) attached to at least a portion of the inner surface of the outer glass, c. The solar control coating (2) is d. The external visible light reflectance RLext of the laminated solar control glazing is at least 35%, and the external solar energy reflectance REext of the laminated solar control glazing is at least 45%. Layered solar control glazing.

2. The laminated solar control glazing according to claim 1, characterized by having a visible light transmittance LT of at least 40% and a total solar energy transmittance g of 0.450 or less.

3. The laminated solar control glazing according to claim 1, characterized by having a visible light transmittance LT in the range of 1% to 10% and a total solar energy transmittance g of 0.130 or less.

4. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it includes a low emissivity coating (5) having an emissivity of less than 0.300 on the inner surface of the second pane.

5. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the internal and / or external glass pane (1) is heat-reinforced, strengthened, and / or bent.

6. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that RLext is at least 37%, at least 40%, or at least 41%.

7. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that RLext is a maximum of 70%, a maximum of 55%, or a maximum of 50%.

8. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that REext is at least 50% or at least 55%.

9. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that REext is a maximum of 80%, a maximum of 65%, or a maximum of 60%.

10. A laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the TL is 8% or less, 6% or less, 4% or less, or 3.5% or less.

11. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the TL is at least 1% or at least 3%.

12. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that g is 0.120 or less, 0.110 or less, 0.100 or less, 0.095 or less, or 0.090 or less.

13. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the solar control coating (2) includes an alternating arrangement of n infrared reflective functional layers and n+1 dielectric coatings, where n ≥ 1, and thereafter each functional layer is surrounded by a dielectric coating.

14. The laminated solar control glazing according to claim 13, characterized in that the sum of the physical thicknesses of the n functional layers is at least 25 nm, 30 nm, or 35 nm and / or up to 50 nm, 45 nm, or 40 nm.

15. The laminated solar control glazing according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the solar control coating (2) includes n=2 functional layers, and in the order starting from the glass, includes a first dielectric coating, a first functional layer, a second dielectric coating, a second functional layer, and a third dielectric coating.

16. The laminated solar control glazing according to claim 15, characterized in that the optical thickness of the first dielectric coating is 15 to 185 nm, and / or the optical thickness of the second dielectric coating is 140 to 250 nm, and / or the optical thickness of the third dielectric coating is 30 to 200 nm.

17. The laminated solar control glazing according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the sum of the optical thicknesses of the first, second, and third dielectric coatings is 280 to 460 nm.

18. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the infrared reflective functional layer contains silver.

19. The dielectric coating is SnO ２ , ZnO, Nb ２ O ５ , TiO ２ , ZrO ２ , Ta ２ O ５ , or from oxides containing SiO ２ , or one or more layers selected from mixed oxides containing two or more of SnO ２ , ZnO, Nb ２ O ５ , TiO ２ , Ta ２ O ５ , or SiO ２ , or a laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that it comprises a layer of nitride containing AlN, Si ３ N ４ , or SiZrN.

20. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that the solar control coating (2) includes one or more layers of an absorbent material having an extinction coefficient k such that 1.0 ≤ k ≤ 3.5 when considered at a wavelength of 550 nm.

21. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the sum of the geometric thicknesses of one or more layers of absorbent material is in the range of 2 to 8 nm, preferably 2 to 6 nm, and more preferably 2.5 to 5.5 nm.

22. Laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein at least one thermoplastic intervening sheet (3) comprises polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), polyvinyl chloride, poly(vinyl chloride-co-methacrylate), polyethylene, polyolefin, ethylene acrylate ester copolymer, poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate), silicone elastomer, epoxy resin, and acid copolymer, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), and / or mixtures thereof and / or copolymers thereof.

23. The laminated solar control glazing according to claim 22, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) has a thickness in the range of 0.2 mm to 1 mm.

24. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that when the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) is provided at a thickness of 0.76 mm between two 2 mm thick ordinary transparent glass sheets, it has a light transmittance in the range of 1% to 90% and / or a solar energy absorption rate in the range of 3% to 50%.

25. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that when the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) is provided at a thickness of 0.76 mm between two 2 mm thick ordinary transparent glass sheets, it has a light transmittance in the range of 42% to 90% and a solar energy transmittance in the range of 10% to 45%.

26. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that when the thermoplastic interlayer sheet (3) is provided at a thickness of 0.76 mm between two 2 mm thick ordinary transparent glass sheets, it has a light transmittance in the range of 0.5% to 52%, a solar energy absorptive rate in the range of 50% to 90%, particularly a light transmittance in the range of 1% to 8%, and a solar energy transmittance in the range of 75% to 89%.

27. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the external and / or internal glass pane (4) is selected from transparent or ultra-transparent soda-lime glass.

28. The laminated solar control glazing according to any one of claims 4 to 27, wherein the low emissivity coating (5) comprises at least one transparent conductive (TCO) coating.

29. The laminated solar control glazing according to claim 28, wherein the at least one TCO coating comprises indium tin oxide, antimony-doped or fluorine-doped tin oxide, gallium and / or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, mixed indium zinc oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten and / or magnesium-doped vanadium oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, cadmium stannate, and / or zinc stannate.

30. The laminated solar control glazing according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the at least one TCO layer has a geometric thickness in the range of 75 nm to 210 nm, 90 nm to 175 nm, or 105 nm to 170 nm.

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