Battery management device and its operating method
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
Smart Images
Figure 2026525470000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0099066 filed on July 28, 2023, and all the contents disclosed in the literature of the Korean patent application are incorporated herein by reference as part of this specification. The embodiments disclosed in this document relate to a battery management device and an operation method thereof.
Background Art
[0002] In recent years, research and development on secondary batteries have been actively conducted. Here, secondary batteries are batteries that can be charged and discharged, and can be interpreted to include all conventional Ni / Cd batteries, Ni / MH batteries, etc. and recent lithium-ion batteries. In recent years, its range of use has been extended to the power source of electric vehicles, and it has attracted attention as a next-generation energy storage medium.
[0003] An electric vehicle receives external electrical supply to charge battery cells / modules, and then discharges the battery cells / modules to drive a motor to obtain power. Battery cells / modules undergo internal deformation and denaturation due to various charging and discharging during production and use, and their physicochemical properties change. Due to such battery degradation and aging, a technology for managing the operation of battery cells and modules is required.
[0004] Charge and discharge tests on batteries can be performed for various purposes such as battery performance diagnosis and state analysis. For example, a test voltage can be applied to the battery, and a test result voltage can be measured from the battery in response to the test voltage. The SOC (State of Charge) and / or SOH (State of Health) of the battery module can be obtained based on the test result voltage. By analyzing such test results, the operation can be managed for each battery module.
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0005] One objective of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery management device and a method for operating the same that can manage the heat generated from each battery module included in a battery pack.
[0006] One objective of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery management device and a method for operating the same that can determine the activation rate of each battery module included in a battery pack and control the operation of each battery module.
[0007] The technical problems of the embodiments disclosed in this document are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. [Means for solving the problem]
[0008] The battery pack according to the embodiments disclosed herein may include a plurality of battery modules and a battery management device that acquires the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) of each of the plurality of battery modules, determines at least one first battery module based on the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules, and determines the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery module based on the SOH of the first battery module.
[0009] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can compare the State of Charge (SOC) of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC and determine the battery module having an SOC equal to or greater than the first reference SOC as the first battery module.
[0010] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can determine the first reference SOC based on the mean and standard deviation of the SOCs of the plurality of battery modules.
[0011] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can compare the SOH of at least one first battery module with a first reference SOH and determine at least one second battery module having an SOH less than the first reference SOH.
[0012] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can determine the sum of the activation rates of the at least one second battery module such that the sum of the activation rates of the at least one second battery module is equal to the activation rate of one of the first battery modules having a SOH greater than the first reference SOH.
[0013] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can determine the first reference SOH as the smaller of the SOH corresponding to the years of use of the battery pack and the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack.
[0014] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can determine the expected activation level of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the State of Health (SOH) of each of the at least one second battery modules, determine the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the expected activation level, and control the operating cycle of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery modules.
[0015] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can compare the State of Charge (SOC) of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, designate a battery module having an SOC less than the first reference SOC as a third battery module, and control the third battery module to an inactive state.
[0016] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can adjust the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery modules so that the sum of the activation rates of each of the at least one first battery modules is equal to or greater than a predetermined activation rate required for the battery pack.
[0017] According to one embodiment, each of the plurality of battery modules includes a battery cell, a first switch arranged in the charge / discharge line of the battery cell, and a second switch arranged in a bypass line connected in parallel with the charge / discharge line, and the battery management device can control the first switch and the second switch according to the activation rate and control the operating cycle of each of the at least one first battery module.
[0018] A battery pack management method according to one embodiment disclosed herein may include the steps of: obtaining the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) of each of a plurality of battery modules; determining at least one first battery module based on the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules; and determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery modules based on the SOH of the first battery module.
[0019] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the at least one first battery module may include comparing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC and determining the battery module having an SOC equal to or greater than the first reference SOC as the first battery module.
[0020] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the at least one first battery module may include the step of determining the first reference SOC based on the mean and standard deviation of the SOCs of the plurality of battery modules.
[0021] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery module may include the step of comparing the SOH of the at least one first battery module with a first reference SOH and determining at least one second battery module having an SOH less than the first reference SOH.
[0022] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery module may include the step of determining the sum of the activation rates of the at least one second battery module such that the sum of the activation rates of the at least one second battery module is equal to the activation rate of one of the first battery modules having an SOH greater than the first reference SOH.
[0023] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the at least one second battery module may include the step of determining the first reference SOH as the smaller of the SOH corresponding to the years of use of the battery pack and the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack.
[0024] According to one embodiment, after the step of determining the sum of the activation rates of the at least one second battery module, the steps of determining the expected activation rate of each of the at least one second battery module based on the State of Health (SOH) of each of the at least one second battery module, determining the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery module based on the expected activation rate, and controlling the operating cycle of each of the at least one second battery module based on the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery module may further be included.
[0025] According to one embodiment, after the step of obtaining the SOC and SOH of each of the plurality of battery modules, the further step may include comparing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, determining the battery modules having an SOC less than the first reference SOC as third battery modules, and controlling the third battery modules to an inactive state.
[0026] According to one embodiment, after the step of determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery module, the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery module is adjusted so that the sum of the activation rates of each of the at least one first battery module is not less than a predetermined activation rate required for the battery pack.
[0027] According to one embodiment, after the step of determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery module, a first switch disposed on the charge and discharge line of the battery cells included in each of the plurality of battery modules and a second switch disposed on a bypass line connected in parallel with the charge and discharge line are controlled according to the activation rate, and the operation cycle of each of the at least one first battery module is further controlled.
Advantages of the Invention
[0028] The battery management device and its operation method according to the embodiment disclosed in this document can manage the heat generated from each of the battery modules included in the battery pack.
[0029] The battery management device and its operation method according to the embodiment disclosed in this document can determine the activation rate of each of the battery modules included in the battery pack and control the operation of each battery module. In addition, various effects that can be directly or indirectly grasped are provided by this document.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0030] [Figure 1] It is a diagram showing a battery pack according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 2] It is a block diagram showing a battery management device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 3] It is a circuit diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 4]This is a graph showing the operation of a battery module according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 5a] This is a graph showing the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery module during the first hour of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 5b] This is a graph showing the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery module at the second hour of the charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 5c] This is a graph showing the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery module at the third hour of the charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 6] This is a flowchart illustrating the discharge operation of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 7] This is a diagram showing the process for determining the activation rate of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 8] This is a flowchart of the discharge operation of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 9a] This is a diagram showing the process for determining the activation rate of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 9b] This is a diagram showing the process for determining the activation rate of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document. [Figure 10] This is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system for performing the operation method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0031] Various embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this should be understood not as limiting the present invention to any particular embodiment, but rather as including various modifications, equivalents, and / or alternatives to the embodiments of the present invention.
[0032] The various embodiments and the terminology used herein are not intended to limit the technical features described herein to any particular embodiment, but should be understood to include various modifications, equivalents, or substitutes of such embodiments. In relation to the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used for similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more such items unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0033] In this document, each phrase such as “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” “at least one of A or B,” “A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” and “at least one of A, B, or C” may include any one of the items listed together with the applicable phrase, or any possible combination thereof. Terms such as “first,” “second,” “first,” “second,” “A,” “B,” “(a),” or “(b)” may be used merely to distinguish one component from other components and, unless otherwise stated, do not limit the component in any other respect (e.g., importance or order).
[0034] Wherever a component (e.g., the first) is referred to as being "coupled," "joined," or "connected" to another component (e.g., the second) with or without such terms, it means that the first component may be connected to the other component directly (e.g., by wire), wirelessly, or via the third component.
[0035] According to one embodiment, the methods according to the various embodiments disclosed herein may be provided in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a commodity between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of an instrument-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)) or online (e.g., download or upload) via an application store or directly between two user devices. In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be at least temporarily stored or temporarily generated in an instrument-readable storage medium such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store server, or an intermediary server.
[0036] According to various embodiments, each of the aforementioned components (e.g., a module or a program) may include one or more individuals, and some of the individuals may be separated and arranged in other components. According to various embodiments, one or more of the aforementioned components or operations may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, multiple components (e.g., a module or a program) may be integrated into a single component. In this case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the multiple components in the same or similar manner as those performed by the components of the multiple components before the integration. According to various embodiments, operations performed by a module, program, or other component may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.
[0037] Figure 1 shows a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. Referring to Figure 1, the battery pack 1000 can include a plurality of battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 and a battery management device 200. Although Figure 1 shows four of the plurality of battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140, the battery pack 1000 can be configured to include n (where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) battery modules, and some components may be omitted from the battery pack 1000, and other general-purpose components may be further included in the battery pack 1000.
[0038] Multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 can supply power to a target device (not shown). For this purpose, the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 can be electrically connected to the target device. Here, the target device may include electrical, electronic, or mechanical devices that operate on power supplied from a battery pack 1000 containing the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. For example, the target device may be, but is not limited to, an electric vehicle (EV) or an energy storage system (ESS).
[0039] Each of the battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 may contain multiple battery cells (not shown). Each of the battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 may contain n (where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) battery cells. The multiple battery cells (not shown) may be the basic unit of a battery cell that can be used by charging and discharging electrical energy. For example, they may be, but are not limited to, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer) batteries, nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries, etc.
[0040] The Battery Management System (BMS) 200 can manage and / or control the status and / or operation of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. For example, the Battery Management System 200 can manage the charging and / or discharging operations of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140.
[0041] Furthermore, the battery management device 200 can monitor the voltage, current, temperature, etc., of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 and / or the multiple battery cells (not shown) contained within each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. For monitoring via the battery management device 200, sensors and various measurement modules (not shown) can be further installed at arbitrary locations on the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140, the charge / discharge paths, or the multiple battery cells (not shown) contained within each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. Based on the measured values of voltage, current, temperature, etc., the battery management device 200 can calculate parameters indicating the state of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140, such as SOC (State of Charge) or SOH (State of Health).
[0042] Multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 may change in various ways depending on their usage period or number of uses, such as decreasing capacity and increasing internal resistance. Therefore, the lifespan and performance of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 may differ depending on the usage of the battery pack 1000. The battery management device 200 can manage the heat generated from each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 by controlling the charge and discharge operations of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 based on the state of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. This allows the battery management device 200 to perform thermal management operations on the battery pack 1000. Furthermore, thermal management allows for efficient management of the lifespan and performance of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 and / or the battery pack 1000.
[0043] The following operations of the battery management device 200 can be performed by various devices such as a server, cloud, charger, or charger / discharger connected to the battery management device 200 or a vehicle equipped with the battery management device 200.
[0044] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. Referring to Figure 2, the battery management device 200 may include an acquisition unit 210 and a controller 220. However, it is not limited to this, and some components may be omitted from the battery management device 200, and other general-purpose components may be further included in the battery management device 200.
[0045] The acquisition unit 210 can acquire status information for each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. The acquisition unit 210 can acquire the State of Charge (SOC) and / or State of Health (SOH) for each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. The SOC and / or SOH acquired by the acquisition unit 210 can be calculated by the controller 220 of the battery pack 1000, or by a battery management device (not shown) built into each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140.
[0046] The controller 220 can control the operation of the battery management device 200. Based on the SOC and SOH acquired by the acquisition unit 210, the controller 220 can control the operation of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140.
[0047] The controller 220 can control the charging and / or discharging operations of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. The controller 220 can control the charging state or discharging state, i.e., the activated state, of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. The controller 220 can determine the activation rate, which is the percentage to which each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 is activated. For example, each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 can operate according to the activation rate in the charging and / or discharging state. According to the embodiment, the operating cycle of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 can be determined according to the activation rate.
[0048] The controller 220 may have a structure for executing instructions that realize the operation of the battery management device 200. The controller 220 can be implemented as an array of multiple logic gates for processing various operations or as a general-purpose microprocessor, and can consist of a single processor or multiple processors. For example, the controller 220 can be implemented in the form of at least one of the following: a microprocessor, a CPU, a GPU, and an AP.
[0049] The controller 220 can be configured separately from or integrated with memory and / or storage configured to temporarily store data or instruction words, and can execute instruction words stored in memory and / or storage to process various operations. Memory and / or storage can store various data, instruction words, mobile applications, computer programs, etc. For example, memory and / or storage can be implemented as non-volatile devices such as ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, PRAM, MRAM, RRAM®, FRAM®, or volatile devices such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, PRAM, RRAM, FeRAM, and can be implemented in the form of HDD, SSD, SD, Micro-SD, or a combination thereof.
[0050] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a battery module according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. For the sake of explanation, we will use battery module 110 as an example from among the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140, but the same principles can be applied to the other battery modules 120, 130, ..., 140.
[0051] Referring to Figure 3, the battery module 110 may include a plurality of battery cells 111, 112, 113, and 114. Figure 3 shows four battery cells 111, 112, 113, and 114, but is not limited to this. The battery module 110 may include switches (S1 and / or S2) for switching the current applied to the plurality of battery cells 111, 112, 113, and 114. However, it is not limited to these, and some components may be omitted from the battery module 110, and other general-purpose components may be further included in the battery module 110.
[0052] The battery management device 200 can control the operating cycle of the battery module 110 by controlling the switches (S1 and / or S2) of the battery module 110.
[0053] According to the embodiment, the battery module 110 may include charge and discharge lines connected to a plurality of battery cells 111, 112, 113, and 114. The battery module 110 may include a first switch S1 for switching the connection between the charge and discharge lines and the plurality of battery cells 111, 112, 113, and 114. The first switch S1 may be located in the charge and discharge lines of the battery module 110.
[0054] Furthermore, the battery module 110 may include bypass lines that are not connected to the multiple battery cells 111, 112, 113, and 114. The bypass lines can bypass the current flowing through the charge / discharge lines. The battery module 110 may also include a second switch S2 located in the bypass line, which is connected in parallel with the charge / discharge lines.
[0055] The first switch S1 and / or the second switch S2 may be, but are not limited to, at least one of a relay or an FET. The first switch S1 and / or the second switch S2 can be controlled by a battery management device 200. For example, the first switch S1 and / or the second switch S2 can be controlled by a controller 220.
[0056] The controller 220 can control the charging and discharging of the battery module 110 by controlling the first switch S1 and / or the second switch S2. For example, the controller 220 can control the short-circuiting and opening of the first switch S1 and / or the second switch S2 to control the operating cycle associated with the charging and discharging of the battery module 110.
[0057] Therefore, the battery management device 200 can effectively manage the heat generated from each of the battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 by controlling the charge and discharge operations of each of the battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. In addition, the battery management device 200 can effectively manage the lifespan and performance of the battery pack 1000 through efficient thermal management of the battery pack 1000.
[0058] Figure 4 is a graph showing the operation of a battery module according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. According to the embodiment, the operation of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 shown in Figure 4 can be understood by referring to the circuit diagram of battery module 110 shown in Figure 3.
[0059] Referring to Figure 4, the operation of each of the battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 can be represented in the form of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) graph. In the graph, "H" may represent a logical high or on state, and "L" may represent a logical low or off state.
[0060] Multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 can operate during the first cycle as shown in Figure 4. Taking battery module 120 as an example, if battery module 120 is in a logical high (H) state, it may be in an activated state. If battery module 120 is in a logical low (L) state, it may be in an inactivated state. In the graph of Figure 4, battery module 120 can have an activation rate of 80% during the first cycle.
[0061] Each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 can have a different activation rate from one another. According to the embodiment, the activation rate of battery module 110 may be 100%, the activation rate of battery module 120 may be 80%, the activation rate of battery module 130 may be 60%, and the activation rate of battery module 140 may be 0%, but is not limited to this.
[0062] If the battery module 110 is in a logic high (H) state during the first cycle, the activation rate of the battery module 110 may be 100%. That is, if the activation rate is 100%, the battery module 110 may be in a state of continuous operation. For example, if the activation rate of the battery module 110 is 100% in the charging state, the battery module 110 may be in a state of continuous charging. For example, if the activation rate of the battery module 110 is 100% in the discharging state, the battery module 110 may be in a state of continuous discharge.
[0063] According to the embodiment, when the activation rate of the battery module 110 is 100%, the first switch S1 of the battery module 110 can be short-circuited and the second switch S2 can be open during the charging and discharging states.
[0064] According to the embodiment, if the battery modules 120 and 130 include both a logic high (H) state and a logic low (L) state during the first cycle, the activation rate of the battery modules 120 and 130 may be greater than 0 and less than 100.
[0065] If the activation rate of the battery module 120 is 80% during the first cycle, the battery module 120 may be operational for 80% of the first cycle and inoperable for 20%. For example, if the activation rate of the battery module 120 is 80% in the charging state, the battery module 120 can be charged to 80% of the charge amount of the battery module 110. For example, if the activation rate of the battery module 120 is 80% in the discharging state, the battery module 120 can be discharged to 80% of the discharge amount of the battery module 110.
[0066] According to the embodiment, when the activation rate of the battery module 120 is 80%, during 80% of the first cycle in the charging and discharging states, the first switch S1 of the battery module 120 may be short-circuited and the second switch S2 may be open, and for the remaining time, the first switch S1 may be open and the second switch S2 may be short-circuited.
[0067] According to one embodiment, if the activation rate of the battery module 130 is 60% during the first cycle, the battery module 130 may be operational for 60% of the first cycle and inoperable for 40%. In this case, the battery module 130 can operate in the same way as if the battery module 110 were activated only 60% during the first cycle. The explanation related to the operation of the battery module 130 can be understood from the embodiment of the battery module 120 described above, and will not be repeated here.
[0068] According to the embodiment, if the battery module 140 is in a logic low (L) state during the first cycle, the battery module 140 may be in an inactive state during the first cycle. If the battery module 140 is in an inactive state during the first cycle, the activation rate of the battery module 140 may be 0%. If the activation rate is 0%, the battery module 140 may be in a state of not operating at all. For example, if the activation rate of the battery module 140 is 0% in the charging state, the battery module 140 may be in a state where charging has stopped. For example, if the activation rate of the battery module 140 is 0% in the discharging state, the battery module 140 may be in a state where discharging has stopped.
[0069] According to the embodiment, when the activation rate is 0%, the first switch S1 of the battery module 140 can be opened and the second switch S2 can be short-circuited in the charging and discharging states.
[0070] The battery management device 200 can control the operating cycle of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140 by controlling the activation rate of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. Therefore, the battery management device 200 can efficiently manage the heat generated from each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 140. In addition, the battery management device 200 can effectively manage the lifespan and performance of the battery pack 1000 through efficient thermal management of the battery pack 1000.
[0071] Figure 5a is a graph showing the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery module at the first hour of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. Figure 5b is a graph showing the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery module at the second hour of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. Figure 5c is a graph showing the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery module at the third hour of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
[0072] According to the embodiment, the operation of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 shown in Figures 5a, 5b, and 5c can be understood by referring to the circuit diagram of battery module 110 shown in Figure 3.
[0073] Figure 5a is a graph showing the State of Charge (SOC) of multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 during the first hour of charging operation. The first hour of charging operation may be defined as the time when charging begins.
[0074] Referring to Figure 5a, in the initial charging state, the SOC of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 may be different. According to one embodiment, the SOC of battery module 110 may be 40, the SOC of battery module 120 may be 45, and the SOC of battery module 130 may be 30. The battery management device 200 can start charging the multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130.
[0075] Figure 5b is a graph showing the State of Charge (SOC) of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 after they were charged during the second hour.
[0076] Referring to Figure 5b, when multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 are charged during the second time period, the State of Charge (SOC) of battery module 120 can reach the charge termination SOC. For example, the charge termination SOC may be the SOC at which each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 can be fully charged. The battery management device 200 can stop charging a battery module 120 that has reached the charge termination SOC. The battery management device 200 can control the charging and discharging of multiple battery cells 111, 112, 113, ..., 114 (see Figure 3) contained in the battery module 120 so that no current flows through the charge / discharge lines and current flows through the bypass lines. According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can control the charging of a battery module 120 so that the first switch S1 of the battery module 120 that has reached the charge termination SOC is opened and the second switch S2 is short-circuited in order to stop charging the battery module 120.
[0077] The battery management device 200 can uniformly charge multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 by stopping the charging of battery module 120 when it reaches its State of Charge (SOC). Furthermore, the battery management device 200 can effectively manage the thermal state of the battery pack 1000 by controlling the charging of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130.
[0078] Figure 5c is a graph showing the State of Charge (SOC) of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 after they were charged during the third hour.
[0079] Referring to Figure 5c, when multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 are charged during the third hour, the State of Charge (SOC) of battery module 110 can reach the end-of-charge (SOC). The battery management device 200 can stop charging battery module 110 when it reaches the end-of-charge (SOC). The battery management device 200 can control the charging and discharging of multiple battery cells 111, 112, 113, ..., 114 contained in battery module 110 so that no current flows through the charge / discharge lines, and current flows through the bypass lines. According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can control the first switch S1 of battery module 110 when it reaches the end-of-charge (SOC) so that the second switch S2 is short-circuited.
[0080] The battery management device 200 can uniformly charge multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 by stopping the charging of battery modules 110 and 120 that have reached their State of Charge (SOC). Furthermore, the battery management device 200 can control the charging of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, and 130 and perform thermal management operations for the battery pack 1000. This allows the battery management device 200 to effectively manage the lifespan and performance of the battery pack 1000.
[0081] Figure 6 is a flowchart of the discharge operation of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. The operation shown in Figure 6 can be performed via the battery management device 200 shown in Figure 2.
[0082] Referring to Figure 6, in operation S101, the acquisition unit 210 can acquire the SOC (State of Charge) and / or SOH (State of Health) for each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170.
[0083] In operation S102, the controller 220 can compare the State of Charge (SOC) of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 with a first reference SOC. The controller 220 can then determine that at least one of the battery modules (e.g., 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170) having an SOC equal to or greater than the first reference SOC is the first battery module.
[0084] Here, the first reference SOC can be determined to be the lowest value among the SOCs of a plurality of battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170. According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can determine the first reference SOC based on the mean and standard deviation of the SOCs of the plurality of battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170. According to the embodiment, the first reference SOC can be determined by the following [Equation 1].
[0085] [Formula 1] First criterion SOC = (Average of SOCs of multiple battery modules) - 1.5 × (Standard deviation of SOCs of multiple battery modules)
[0086] Therefore, the controller 220 can classify each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 based on the first reference SOC.
[0087] The controller 220 can determine that at least one third battery module 150 has an SOC below a first reference SOC. The controller 220 can determine the activation rate of at least one third battery module 150. According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can control at least one third battery module 150 having an SOC smaller than the first reference SOC to an inactive state. For example, the controller 220 can determine the activation rate of at least one third battery module 150 to 0%. This prevents the battery module 150 with a low SOC from being discharged. Thus, the battery management device 200 can perform thermal management operations on the battery pack 1000.
[0088] In operation S103, the controller 220 can compare the SOH of at least one first battery module 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, 170 with a first reference SOH. The controller 220 can then determine at least one first battery module (e.g., 110, 120, 130) having an SOH less than the first reference SOH to be at least one second battery module.
[0089] Here, the first reference SOH can be determined according to the usage state of the battery pack 1000. The controller 220 can determine the first reference SOH based on the SOH of the battery pack 1000. According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can determine the first reference SOH based on the SOH corresponding to the years of use of the battery pack 1000 and / or the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack 1000. The controller 220 can determine the first reference SOH to be the smaller of the SOH corresponding to the years of use and / or the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles. According to the embodiment, the first reference SOH can be determined by the following [Equation 2].
[0090] [Formula 2] First criterion: SOH = min (SOH corresponding to years of use, SOH corresponding to number of discharge cycles)
[0091] Therefore, the controller 220 can classify each of the first battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170, at least one of each, based on the first criterion SOH.
[0092] In operation S104, the controller 220 can determine the activation rate of at least one of the first battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170. In other aspects, the controller 220 can determine the operating period of each of the first battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170 based on their State of Health (SOH).
[0093] The controller 220 can control at least one of the first battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170, specifically those battery modules 140, 160, and 170 having an SOH of at least the first reference SOH, to be constantly activated. For example, the controller 220 can set the activation rate of battery modules 140, 160, and 170 to 100%.
[0094] The controller 220 can control at least one second battery module (e.g., 110, 120, 130) among the at least one first battery module 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, 170 that has an SOH less than a first reference SOH to be intermittently activated. For example, the controller 220 can determine the activation rate of the second battery modules 110, 120, 130 to a value between 0% and 100%.
[0095] Therefore, the battery management device 200 can determine the activation rate of at least one of the first battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170 and control their respective discharge operations. This allows the battery modules 140, 160, and 170 with high SOH to be discharged continuously, while the battery modules 110, 120, and 130 with low SOH to be discharged intermittently. Thus, the battery management device 200 can manage the heat generated from the battery modules 110, 120, and 130, which have a high heat output and low SOH, by controlling the operation of the battery modules 110, 120, and 130 with low SOH to be less than the operation of the battery modules 140, 160, and 170 with high SOH.
[0096] Furthermore, the battery management device 200 can optimize the performance of battery modules 110, 120, and 130 with low SOH by reducing their operation, thereby extending their lifespan. This allows the battery management device 200 to control the total amount of heat generated from each of the first battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170. In addition, the battery management device 200 can perform thermal management operations on the battery pack 1000.
[0097] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the process for determining the activation rate of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. According to the embodiment, the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, ..., 170 shown in Figure 7 can be understood by referring to the battery management device 200 shown in Figure 2, the operation of the battery modules shown in Figure 4, and the discharge operation flowchart shown in Figure 6.
[0098] Referring to Figure 7, the acquisition unit 210 can acquire the SOC and SOH for each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170.
[0099] According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can determine at least one of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170, based on a first reference SOC.
[0100] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate a first reference SOC using [Equation 1]. For example, the controller 220 can determine the first reference SOC of a plurality of battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 to be 54.19 based on the average SOC (83.57) and the standard deviation of the SOC (19.59).
[0101] According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can compare the SOC of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 with a first reference SOC. The controller 220 can determine at least one of the battery modules (e.g., 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170) that have a first reference SOC, i.e., an SOC of 54.19 or higher, to be the first battery module.
[0102] The controller 220 can determine that at least one of the third battery modules 150 has a first reference SOC, i.e., an SOC of less than 54.19. The controller 220 can also determine the activation rate of at least one of the third battery modules 150 to 0%. Thus, the controller 220 can control at least one of the third battery modules 150 to be inactive during discharge operation.
[0103] According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can determine the activation rate of at least one of the first battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170 based on a first reference SOH.
[0104] According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can determine the first reference SOH using the [Equation 2] described above. For example, the SOH corresponding to the number of years of use of the battery pack 1000 may be 92, and the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack 1000 may be 90. The controller 220 can determine the smaller of the two SOHs, i.e., 90, as the first reference SOH.
[0105] According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can compare the SOH of each of at least one first battery module 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170 with a first reference SOH.
[0106] The controller 220 can determine the activation rate of at least one battery module (e.g., 140, 160, 170) having an SOH of 1 or higher than a first reference SOH. According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can set the activation rate of each of the battery modules 140, 160, and 170 to 100%. Therefore, the controller 220 can control the battery modules 140, 160, and 170 so that they are always activated during discharge operation.
[0107] The controller 220 can determine at least one second battery module from among at least one first battery module (e.g., 110, 120, 130) having an SOH less than a first reference SOH. The controller 220 can determine the activation rate of at least one second battery module 110, 120, 130. According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can determine that the sum of the activation rates of at least one second battery module 110, 120, 130 is equal to the activation rate of one of the battery modules 140, 160, 170 having an SOH greater than the first reference SOH. For example, the controller 220 can determine that the sum of the activation rates of at least one second battery module 110, 120, 130 is equal to the activation rate of battery module 140. In this case, the controller 220 can determine that the sum of the activation rates of battery module 110, battery module 120, and battery module 130 is 100%.
[0108] The controller 220 can determine the activation expectation level for at least one of the second battery modules 110, 120, and 130. The activation rate can be determined based on the activation expectancy. According to the embodiment, the activation expectancy can be determined by the first reference SOH and the module's SOH. According to the embodiment, the activation expectancy can be determined by the following [Equation 3].
[0109] [Formula 3] Activation expectation = 1 / (First criterion SOH - Module SOH)
[0110] According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can determine the activation expectation of at least one second battery module 110, 120, and 130 based on a first reference SOH, i.e., 90 minus the SOH of at least one second battery module 110, 120, and 130. For example, the controller can determine that the activation expectation of battery module 110 is 0.07, the activation expectation of battery module 120 is 0.10, and the activation expectation of battery module 130 is 0.20.
[0111] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can determine the activation rate (110, 120, 130) of at least one second battery module 110, 120, 130 based on the activation expectancy of each of the second battery modules. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can determine the activation rate as a percentage of the activation expectancy.
[0112] According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can control the discharge operation of at least one second battery module 110, 120, and 130 based on the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery module 110, 120, and 130. In the discharge state, the controller 220 can control the operating cycle of at least one second battery module 110, 120, and 130 based on the activation rate. The details related to the control of the operating cycle of at least one second battery module 110, 120, and 130 based on the activation rate are the same as those described in Figure 4.
[0113] The battery management device 200 can control the operation of multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 according to the activation rate of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170. This allows for the management of the operating cycles of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 in the discharge state, and the balancing of the modules. Furthermore, it can effectively manage the lifespan and performance of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170, which have different SOC and / or SOH. As a result, the battery management device 200 can perform thermal management operations for the battery pack 1000.
[0114] Figure 8 is a flowchart of the discharge operation of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document. The operation shown in Figure 8 can be performed via the battery management device 200 shown in Figure 2.
[0115] Referring to Figure 8, in operation S201, the controller 220 can determine the activation rate of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170. The details related to the determination of the activation rate can be understood by referring to the discharge operation flowchart of the battery management device 200 in Figure 6 and the diagram in Figure 7 showing the process of determining the activation rate of the battery management device 200.
[0116] In operation S202, the controller 220 can compare the sum of the activation rates of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 with a predetermined activation rate which is the activation rate required for the battery pack 1000.
[0117] The controller 220 can determine the minimum activation rate required for the battery pack 1000 to operate to a predetermined activation rate. According to one embodiment, if the minimum number of modules required for the battery pack 1000 to operate is 5, the activation rate required for the battery pack may be 500%.
[0118] According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can start discharging the battery pack 1000 if the sum of the activation rates of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 is equal to or greater than a predetermined activation rate required for the battery pack 1000.
[0119] In operation S203, if the sum of the activation rates of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 is less than a predetermined activation rate required for the battery pack 1000, the controller 220 can adjust the activation rate of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170. The controller 220 can increase the activation rate of any of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 whose activation rate does not reach 100%. Embodiments related to activation rates will be described with reference to Figures 9a and 9b.
[0120] The controller 220 can bring the battery pack 1000 into an operational state by adjusting the activation rate. By adjusting the activation rate, the battery management device 200 can satisfy the lower limit of the minimum module activation rate required to operate the battery pack 1000. Therefore, the battery management device 200 can efficiently manage multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170. It can also stably manage the operation of the battery pack 1000.
[0121] Figure 9a is a diagram showing the process for determining the activation rate of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document, and Figure 9b is a diagram showing the process for determining the activation rate of a battery management device according to yet another embodiment disclosed in this document.
[0122] The operations shown in Figures 9a and 9b can be performed via the battery management device 200 in Figure 2. The operations in Figures 9a and 9b can be understood by referring to Figures 6, 7, and 8 described above.
[0123] Referring to Figure 9a, the controller 220 can adjust the activation rate of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170.
[0124] The sum of the activation rates of the current multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 may be 400% (400 = 18 + 27 + 55 + 100 + 100 + 100). According to one embodiment, the activation rate required for the battery pack 1000 to operate may be 500%.
[0125] If the sum of the activation rates of multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 is less than the activation rate required for the battery pack 1000, the controller 220 can adjust the activation rate of modules with an activation rate of less than 100%. According to the embodiment, the controller 220 can sequentially adjust the activation rates of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170, taking into account their respective SOC and SOH.
[0126] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can adjust the activation rate of a module having an activation rate greater than 0% and less than 100%. For example, the controller 220 can adjust the activation rate of at least one second battery module 110, 120, 130. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can adjust the activation rate of the second battery modules 110, 120, 130 having an activation rate greater than 0% and less than 100% prior to the battery module 150 having an activation rate of 0%. Thus, the controller 220 can increase the activation rate of at least one second battery module 110, 120, 130 so that the sum of the activation rates of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170 is greater than or equal to the activation rate required for the battery pack.
[0127] This allows the controller 220 to control the second battery modules 110, 120, and 130, which have a higher SOC, to operate at a higher activation rate than the battery module 150, which has a lower SOC. Therefore, the battery management device 200 can efficiently manage the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170. In addition, the battery management device 200 can stably manage the operation of the battery pack 1000.
[0128] Referring to Figure 9b, the controller 220 can adjust the activation rate of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170.
[0129] The sum of the activation rates of the current multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 may be 400% (400 = 18 + 27 + 55 + 100 + 100 + 100). According to one embodiment, the activation rate required for the battery pack 1000 to operate may be 700%.
[0130] If the sum of the activation rates of multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 is less than the activation rate required for the battery pack 1000, the controller 220 can adjust the activation rate of the modules with an activation rate of less than 100%. The controller 220 can adjust the activation rates of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170 so that the sum of their activation rates is equal to or greater than the activation rate required for the battery pack.
[0131] The controller 220 can sequentially adjust the activation rate of each of the multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170, taking into account their respective SOC and SOH. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can first adjust the activation rates of battery modules 110, 120, and 130, which have activation rates greater than 0% and less than 100%. Next, the controller 220 can adjust the activation rate of at least one battery module 150, which has an activation rate of 0.
[0132] The management method of the battery management device 200 allows the device to manage multiple battery modules 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170, taking into account their respective SOC and SOH. Furthermore, the management method of the battery management device 200 allows the battery pack 1000 to be managed to ensure stable operation.
[0133] Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system for performing the operation method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
[0134] Referring to Figure 10, the computing system 2000 according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include an MCU 2010, memory 2020, input / output interface 2030, and communication interface 2040.
[0135] The MCU2010 may be a processor that executes various programs stored in memory 2020 (for example, a battery cell characteristic data acquisition program, a latent variable extraction program, a distribution map generation program, a battery cell diagnostic program, etc.), processes various information including battery cell characteristic data and latent variables through such programs, and performs the functions of the controller 220 included in the battery management device 200 shown in Figures 1 to 9b above.
[0136] Memory 2020 can store various programs, such as a battery cell characteristic data acquisition program, a latent variable extraction program, a distribution map generation program, and a battery cell diagnostic program. Furthermore, Memory 2020 can store various information, including battery cell characteristic data and latent variables.
[0137] Multiple such memory 2020s may be provided as needed. Memory 2020 may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory. As volatile memory, RAM, DRAM, SRAM, etc., can be used for memory 2020. As non-volatile memory, ROM, PROM, EAROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, etc., can be used for memory 2020. The examples of memory 2020 listed above are merely illustrative and are not limiting.
[0138] The Input / Output I / F 2030 can provide an interface that connects input devices (not shown), such as keyboards, mice, and touch panels, with output devices (not shown), such as displays, and the MCU 2010, enabling data transmission and reception.
[0139] The communication interface 2040 is configured to send and receive various data with the server and may be various devices that support wired or wireless communication. For example, the battery management device 200 can send and receive various information, including the SOC, OCV, and parameters of the battery cells, from a separately provided external server via the communication interface 2040.
[0140] Thus, the computer program according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may be stored in memory 2020 and processed by the MCU 2010 to be implemented as a module that performs, for example, the functions shown in Figure 2.
[0141] Although all components constituting the embodiments disclosed in this document have been described as operating either as a single unit or in combination, the embodiments disclosed in this document are not necessarily limited to such embodiments. That is, within the scope of the purpose of the embodiments disclosed in this document, all components may operate in combination of one or more units.
[0142] Furthermore, terms such as “includes,” “constitutes,” or “possesses,” as described above, mean that they may contain the component in question, and not exclude other components, unless otherwise specified. All terms, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as those generally understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments disclosed herein belong, unless otherwise specified. Commonly used terms, such as those defined in dictionaries, should be interpreted to be consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and not to be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined herein.
[0143] The aforementioned disclosures outline the features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure can be readily used as a basis for designing or modifying other structures to achieve the same purpose or benefits as the embodiments introduced herein. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that such equivalent configurations do not deviate from the scope of this disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and modifications are possible within this specification without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
Claims
1. Multiple battery modules, The SOC and SOH of each of the aforementioned multiple battery modules are obtained. Based on the State of Control (SOC) of each of the aforementioned plurality of battery modules, at least one first battery module is determined. A battery management device that determines the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery module based on the State of Health (SOH) of the first battery module, A battery pack, including the battery pack.
2. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the battery management device compares the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC and determines the battery module having an SOC equal to or greater than the first reference SOC as the first battery module.
3. The battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the battery management device determines the first reference SOC based on the mean and standard deviation of the SOC of the plurality of battery modules.
4. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the battery management device compares the state of overheating (SOH) of at least one first battery module with a first reference SOH and determines at least one second battery module having an SOH less than the first reference SOH.
5. The battery pack according to claim 4, wherein the battery management device determines the sum of the activation rates of the at least one second battery module such that the sum of the activation rates of the at least one second battery module is equal to the activation rate of one of the first battery modules having an SOH greater than the first reference SOH.
6. The battery pack according to claim 4, wherein the battery management device determines the smaller of the SOH corresponding to the years of use of the battery pack and the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack as the first reference SOH.
7. The battery management device determines the expected activation level of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the State of Health (SOH) of each of the at least one second battery modules. Based on the expected activation rate, the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery modules is determined. The battery pack according to claim 4, wherein the operating cycle of each of the at least one second battery modules is controlled based on the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery modules.
8. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the battery management device compares the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, determines a battery module having an SOC less than the first reference SOC as a third battery module, and controls the third battery module to an inactive state.
9. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the battery management device adjusts the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery modules so that the sum of the activation rates of each of the at least one first battery modules is equal to or greater than a predetermined activation rate required for the battery pack.
10. Each of the aforementioned plurality of battery modules is Battery cell and A first switch is positioned in the charge / discharge line of the aforementioned battery cell, It includes a second switch located in a bypass line connected in parallel with the charge / discharge line, The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the battery management device controls the first switch and the second switch according to the activation rate and controls the operating cycle of each of the at least one first battery modules.
11. The steps include obtaining the State of Control (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) for each of the multiple battery modules, The steps include determining at least one first battery module based on the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules, A step of determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery module based on the SOH of the first battery module, Battery pack management methods, including those mentioned above.
12. The step of determining the at least one first battery module is: A battery pack management method according to claim 11, comprising the step of comparing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, and determining the battery module having an SOC equal to or greater than the first reference SOC as the first battery module.
13. The step of determining the at least one first battery module is: A battery pack management method according to claim 12, comprising the step of determining a first reference SOC based on the mean and standard deviation of the SOCs of the plurality of battery modules.
14. The step of determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery modules is: A battery pack management method according to claim 11, comprising the step of comparing the state of overheard (SOH) of at least one first battery module with a first reference SOH, and determining at least one second battery module having an SOH less than the first reference SOH.
15. The step of determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery modules is: A battery pack management method according to claim 14, comprising the step of determining the sum of the activation rates of at least one second battery module such that the sum of the activation rates of at least one second battery module is equal to the activation rate of one of the first battery modules having an SOH greater than the first reference SOH.
16. The step of determining the at least one second battery module is: The battery pack management method according to claim 14, comprising the step of determining the smaller of the SOH corresponding to the years of use of the battery pack and the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack as the first reference SOH.
17. After the step of determining the sum of the activation rates of at least one second battery module, A step of determining the expected activation level of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the State of Health (SOH) of each of the at least one second battery module, The steps include determining the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the activation expectation, A method for managing a battery pack according to claim 14, further comprising the step of controlling the operating cycle of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery modules.
18. After the step of obtaining the SOC and SOH of each of the aforementioned plurality of battery modules, A battery pack management method according to any one of claims 11 to 17, further comprising the steps of comparing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, determining a battery module having an SOC less than the first reference SOC as a third battery module, and controlling the third battery module to an inactive state.
19. After the step of determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery modules, A method for managing a battery pack according to any one of claims 11 to 17, further comprising the step of adjusting the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery modules so that the sum of the activation rates of each of the at least one first battery modules is equal to or greater than a predetermined activation rate required for the battery pack.
20. After the step of determining the activation rate of each of the at least one first battery modules, A method for managing a battery pack according to any one of claims 11 to 17, further comprising the step of controlling a first switch located in the charge / discharge line of a battery cell contained in each of the plurality of battery modules, and a second switch located in a bypass line connected in parallel with the charge / discharge line, in accordance with the activation rate, thereby controlling the operating cycle of each of the at least one first battery module.