Multilayer electroactive reflective module, and related systems and manufacturing methods

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multilayer electroactive reflective module (1) and a method for manufacturing the module. The reflective module (1) comprises a substrate (10) and a multilayer stack (18) disposed on the substrate (10), wherein the stack (18) is configured to reflect a reflected light beam (2') having a specific wavelength determined by a potential difference applied to it. A first electrode (12) and a second electrode (13) are configured to apply the potential difference. The multilayer stack (18) comprises a metal mirror (14), a layer (15) based on a conductive polymer configured to reflect a certain wavelength through the Fabry-Perot effect and having a nanometer-scale thickness (d15) that changes according to a potential difference applied to the stack (18), a layer forming a counter electrode (17), and a layer (16) based on a solid polymer electrolyte disposed between the conductive polymer layer (15) and the counter electrode (17).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an electroactive reflective multilayer module. The module can be used particularly advantageously in the field of covering and signaling in automobiles, especially for components in the front of the vehicle and the interior of the vehicle's passenger compartment. [Background technology]

[0002] It is common practice to decorate or signal vehicle components by incorporating patterns or visual elements into them. For this purpose, light sources are typically used to display such patterns both day and night. To limit the power consumption of these types of modules, a more economical solution, such as using ambient light at least during the day, would be desirable.

[0003] For this purpose, electroactive reflective multilayer modules exist that are configured to return specific colors by reflecting a portion of the visible spectrum. In particular, modules that utilize the effect of Fabry-Perot resonators are known. In a Fabry-Perot resonator, a reflected color called a "structural color" appears when light is confined to a nanometer-sized void defined by two substantially parallel planes. These modules comprise a substrate on which a superstructure is formed, comprising at least one reflective layer and a Fabry-Perot absorber layer (e.g., a conductive polymer layer). The thickness of the absorber layer determines the wavelength of the reflected light beam that emerges from the polymer layer as a result of interference. These specific wavelengths correspond to colors in the visible spectrum and reach the observer's eye. Thus, the observer has the impression that the layers of material have changed color.

[0004] Modules incorporating a liquid electrolyte tank exist to allow for adjustment of the thickness of the conductive polymer layer. The thickness of the conductive polymer layer can be adjusted thanks to a reversible oxidation-reduction process in the presence of an ion source when the conductive polymer layer is exposed to a potential difference. In practice, these systems are limited, particularly by the use of a liquid electrolyte tank, which hinders their integration into certain applications, such as automobiles. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] Therefore, one objective of the present invention is to propose a solution that improves upon existing solutions for electroactive reflective multilayer modules, and in particular, to make the module compatible with applications in automotive parts. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] Other objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following description and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that other advantages may also be included.

[0007] To achieve this objective, according to the first embodiment, a multilayer electroactive reflective module (preferably for automotive parts) is provided, - The first circuit board, - A multilayer stack arranged on a first substrate and configured to receive an incident light beam and reflect a reflected light beam having a specific wavelength, wherein the wavelength of the multilayer stack is determined by the potential difference applied to the stack, - A first electrode and a second electrode configured to electrically connect a multilayer stack on both sides and apply the resulting potential difference, A module equipped with this feature has been provided.

[0008] Multilayer composites are - At least one layer forming a metallic mirror, - A layer located on a metal mirror and configured to use the Fabry-Perot effect to form a light beam (2') reflected from the metal mirror, comprising a conductive polymer layer having a thickness in nanometers that changes according to the potential difference applied to the stacked mass, - Electrolytes, It is equipped with.

[0009] In this document, the proposed reflective module may also be called a multilayer electroactive reflective unit, in which a multilayer stack is located on a first substrate. The term "module" is used to refer to a modularized (standardized) element that can independently achieve a desired effect (in particular, structural reflection, i.e., the return of specific wavelengths resulting from the structure of the element based on a stimulus applied to the modularized element).

[0010] The multilayer composite also includes a layer that forms the counter electrode, and it is advantageous that the electrolyte is a solid polymer electrolyte layer positioned between the conductive polymer layer and the counter electrode.

[0011] The solid polymer electrolyte layer supplies the necessary ions to the conductive polymer during oxidation-reduction reactions induced by the potential difference, thereby adjusting the size of the Fabry-Perot resonator (i.e., the thickness of the conductive polymer layer) to control the reflected wavelength. The multilayer matrix also includes a counter electrode to interact with the solid polymer electrolyte. This counter electrode is superimposed on the solid polymer electrolyte layer to compensate for the charge generated during oxidation-reduction reactions within the conductive polymer layer. This arrangement of the solid polymer electrolyte between the counter electrode and the conductive polymer layer ensures good charge transport between these layers while avoiding short circuits.

[0012] This module allows for adaptation of variations in the thickness of the conductive polymer layer to obtain the desired reflective color without requiring a liquid electrolyte tank. The stack is therefore in a solid or semi-solid form, which prevents leakage and reduces volume and weight compared to existing solutions using liquid electrolytes. The solid polymer electrolyte also exhibits improved thermal stability. The solid polymer electrolyte also exhibits improved flexibility. Thus, the reflective module can have both flexibility that facilitates integration into automotive applications (e.g., on curved surfaces) and excellent mechanical strength. The structure of the reflective module is also simplified. Furthermore, the energy consumption of the reflective module is reduced. This is because a small potential difference (typically about ±2V) is sufficient to adjust the thickness of the conductive polymer layer and change the reflective color (more specifically, in the visible range). The reflective module becomes more flexible. Therefore, this reflective module is particularly suitable for automotive applications.

[0013] According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to an electroactive reflective system (preferably for automotive parts) comprising at least one reflective module according to the previous aspect. The system possesses the effects and advantages of the reflective module and is thus particularly suitable for automotive applications.

[0014] According to a third aspect, the present invention is a method for manufacturing a reflective module according to the first aspect or a reflective system according to the second aspect, - To supply a first substrate equipped with a first electrode, and to supply a second electrode, - Forming a multilayered superstructure, - Deposition of at least one layer forming a metal mirror on the first substrate, - Deposition of a conductive polymer-based layer on a layer forming a metal mirror, - Forming a layer of solid polymer electrolyte system, - Deposition of a layer to form the counter electrode, To form a multilayer stacked body, It relates to a method in which a multilayer laminate is connected to first and second electrodes on both sides.

[0015] According to one example, the method comprises supplying a second substrate, the second substrate comprising a second electrode, and the method - The layer forming the counter electrode is formed on the second substrate, - The layer of the solid polymer electrolyte system is formed on the layer forming the counter electrode, - After a layer of a conductive polymer system is formed on the first substrate, the first and second substrates are assembled together using the layer of the solid polymer electrolyte system and the layer of the conductive polymer system to form a multilayer laminate, which the method further comprises. is configured as such.

[0016] Thus, the reflection module is manufactured as two sub-modules that can be more easily assembled. The formation of the solid polymer electrolyte layer is thus separated from the formation of the conductive polymer layer. The risk that the conductive polymer layer is damaged when the solid polymer electrolyte layer is formed is thus avoided. Furthermore, this makes it possible to parallelize the production of the two sub-modules and shorten the production time.

[0017] A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to an automotive vehicle part provided with a reflection module according to the first aspect or a reflection system according to the second aspect. It relates to. <!

[0018] The objectives, purposes, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more clearly apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] [Figure 1] A diagram showing a reflection module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 2] A diagram for explaining the Fabry - Perot effect for a conductive polymer. [Figure 3] A diagram illustrating the change in thickness of a conductive polymer during an oxidation-reduction reaction (in the case of anion exchange) according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4] A diagram showing an automotive part equipped with a reflective system according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5] A figure showing a reflective module according to another exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6] A diagram showing a reflection system according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8A] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8B] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8C] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9A] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9B] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 10] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 11A] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 11B] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 12A] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 12B] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 13] A diagram illustrating each step of a method for manufacturing a module according to an exemplary embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0020] The drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting to the present invention. These figures are schematic block diagrams intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and are not necessarily to the scale of actual application. In particular, the relative dimensions of each substrate and layer, and the thicknesses compared to other dimensions of a layer or substrate, are not necessarily realistic.

[0021] Before beginning a detailed examination of the various embodiments of the present invention, some optional features that may be combined or used as substitutes are described below.

[0022] For example, solid polymer electrolytes are, - Ionic gels containing a polymer matrix (polymer base material) and an ionic liquid, and / or - Polymer ionic liquid, Includes

[0023] Solid polymer electrolytes thus possess excellent ionic conductivity, enabling improved charge transport to the conductive polymer. Consequently, wavelength tuning becomes easier. Solid polymer electrolytes based on ionic gels or one or more polymer ionic liquids exhibit excellent chemical and mechanical stability and are deformable enough to accommodate variations in the thickness of the conductive polymer. Therefore, the lifespan of the reflective module is extended. Thus, the module is also suitable for curved surfaces, thus avoiding the risk of leakage. These examples are therefore particularly well-suited for automotive applications.

[0024] For example, the layer of the solid polymer electrolyte system, and preferably the solid polymer electrolyte, should be approximately 10% at room temperature (approximately 25°C). -4 S / cm or higher, for example, approximately 10 -4 S / cm to 10 -2It has an ionic conductivity that falls within the range of S / cm. These ranges of values ​​can be achieved more specifically when the solid polymer electrolyte contains an ionic gel.

[0025] For example, the layer of the solid polymer electrolyte system, and preferably the solid polymer electrolyte, should be approximately 10% at room temperature (approximately 25°C). -4 It has an ionic conductivity of S / cm or less. This range of values ​​can be achieved more specifically when the solid polymer electrolyte contains a polymer ionic liquid.

[0026] For example, a solid polymer electrolyte is based on at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethers, polycarbonates, polyesters, polynitriles, polyalcohols, polyamines, polysiloxanes, fluoropolymers, biopolymers, and derivatives thereof.

[0027] For example, the solid polymer electrolyte layer has a thickness of approximately 1 mm or less, preferably between approximately 100 μm and 1 mm. During the development of the present invention, it was demonstrated that these thicknesses are sufficient to supply ions to the conductive polymer. This is because, considering the nanometer thickness of the conductive polymer layer, there is no need for a thicker solid polymer electrolyte layer. The module becomes more compact and therefore easier to integrate into components (e.g., automotive parts). Furthermore, this improves the transmission of the incident light beam into the conductive polymer layer, and also improves the transmission of the reflected beam outside the module (after reflection by mirrors).

[0028] For example, a layer of solid polymer electrolyte has a transmittance of 80% or more. This transmittance further improves the transmission of the incident light beam into the conductive polymer layer, as well as the transmission of the reflected beam outside the module (after reflection by the mirrors).

[0029] For example, the conductive polymer layer has a thickness that falls between approximately 75 nm and 250 nm, preferably between 150 nm and 200 nm. This thickness range allows for the formation of a beam that is reflected in the visible range (more specifically, a wavelength range suitable for automotive applications) due to structural interference resulting from the Fabry-Perot effect.

[0030] For example, the conductive polymer layer is based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or a derivative thereof. During the development of the present invention, these conductive polymers have been shown to be particularly effective in terms of their responsiveness to changes in potential difference. Furthermore, small potential differences (typically about ±1V) are sufficient to change the reflected color (more specifically, within the visible range) by adjusting the thickness of the conductive polymer layer. The reaction time of these polymers after the application of a potential difference is also rapid.

[0031] For example, the layer forming the counter electrode is based on nickel oxide, and preferably has a thickness of less than approximately 1 mm.

[0032] In one example, a second substrate is placed on top of a multilayer stack. Thus, the reflective module is protected by this substrate, which is particularly advantageous for applications in the automotive sector.

[0033] The first substrate and (if applicable) the second substrate are preferably flexible substrates.

[0034] The first and (where applicable) the second substrate is preferably based on polyethylene terephthalate or a derivative thereof.

[0035] In one example, the first and second electrodes each form a layer, and the first and second electrodes are positioned on both sides (one side each) of the multilayer matrix.

[0036] For example, the system includes a power supply configured to apply a potential difference to the stacked material.

[0037] For example, the system comprises a plurality of such reflective modules arranged in a line in at least one direction parallel (preferably coincident) with the direction of the main extension of the reflective module. Thus, the plurality of modules form a plurality of pixels that can adjust the reflection wavelength according to the potential difference applied to each reflective module. It should be understood that the system thus makes it possible to dynamically display the reflection wavelength for each module. The system, in particular because it comprises a plurality of reflective modules, eliminates complex fluid connections thanks to the presence of a solid polymer electrolyte. To eliminate these connections, those skilled in the art might instead consider adjusting the thickness of the conductive polymer layer within the same reflective module to change the reflection wavelength. However, this does not allow for dynamic adjustment of the wavelength for each pixel.

[0038] In one example, the system is configured to apply a potential difference independently between each reflective module.

[0039] In one example, the system further comprises a side light source and a waveguide above at least one reflective module, the waveguide being configured to transmit the light beam arriving from the light source to at least one reflective module. If ambient light is insufficient to obtain visible reflection of the desired wavelength (e.g., at night), the system thus equips itself with its own light source to introduce a beam into the reflective module and emit a reflected beam of the desired wavelength. Thus, the system enables superior nighttime visibility with reduced power consumption compared to existing systems using active lighting modules.

[0040] For example, a waveguide may be equipped with decoupling elements, such as a group of prisms or dispersed particles, that allow light rays propagating within it to be returned to at least one of the reflective modules.

[0041] A substrate or layer "based on" chemical species A ("system of" chemical species A) means a substrate or layer that contains only chemical species A, or that contains chemical species A and / or another chemical species.

[0042] Several embodiments of the present invention, which carry out a series of steps in a manufacturing method, are described below. Unless otherwise specified, the adjective “sequential” does not necessarily imply that the steps are directly following each other (although this is generally preferable), and the steps may be separated from each other by intermediate steps.

[0043] Furthermore, the term "stage" refers to the execution of a part of a method and can also refer to a set of sub-stages.

[0044] Furthermore, the term "stage" does not necessarily mean that the actions performed during a given stage are simultaneous or directly sequential. In particular, some actions in the first stage may be followed by actions related to different stages, and other actions in the first stage may be repeated later. Thus, the term "stage" does not necessarily mean an inseparable set of actions in terms of time or in terms of a series of aspects of method.

[0045] In the context of this invention, the thickness of a layer or substrate is measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface on which the layer or substrate has its maximum extension. Thus, the thickness is measured in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate on which the various layers are located.

[0046] In the context of the present invention, the terms “on top of,” “on top of,” “covering,” “underside,” “facing,” and their equivalents do not necessarily mean “in contact with.” Thus, for example, forming, transporting, bonding, assembling, or attaching a first layer to a second layer does not necessarily mean that the two layers are in direct contact with each other. Rather, it means that the first layer either directly contacts the second layer or is separated from the second layer by at least one other layer or element, thereby at least partially covering the second layer.

[0047] In this patent application, the term "integrated" used to describe the connection between two parts means that they are connected / fixed to each other (in all degrees of freedom) unless otherwise clearly specified.

[0048] In the following detailed explanation, terms such as "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," and "downper" may be used, but these terms will be interpreted relatively in relation to the positions of the elements of the assembled reflective modules or systems, with the vertical direction being considered to be the direction perpendicular to the plane of the main extension of each layer in the stacked mass. Lateral or transverse dimensions refer to dimensions in a plane parallel to or coinciding with the plane of the main extension of each layer in the stacked mass.

[0049] In this context, "arranged side by side" means that these elements are either placed horizontally within the plane of their principal extensions, or vertically in the direction of overlap (which is perpendicular to the plane of their principal extensions).

[0050] "In contact" means that there is a sufficient range of interaction (for example, resulting from the variability of a process).

[0051] A parameter that is "approximately the same as a given value / greater than a given value / less than a given value" means that the parameter is the same as / greater than / less than a given value within a range of plus or minus 10% of that given value. A parameter that "lies approximately between two given values" means that the parameter is at least the same as the smallest given value and at most the same as the largest given value within a range of plus or minus 10% of that given value.

[0052] "Nanometer-sized," or more specifically, "nanometer-thickness," refers to dimensions greater than 1 nm and less than 1 μm, or more specifically, thickness.

[0053] The terms "visible spectrum" and "visible range" refer to the wavelength range that falls between 400 and 800 nm.

[0054] Here, the multilayer electroactive reflection module 1 and the reflection system 3 equipped with the module will be described by several exemplary embodiments.

[0055] For example, as shown in Figure 1, the reflective module 1 comprises a first substrate 10 on which a multilayer matrix 18 is deposited. The substrate has a bottom surface 10a and an top surface 10b. The matrix 18 may be positioned on the top surface 10b (or, if applicable, on an electrode 12 which itself is positioned on the top surface 10b). The multilayer matrix 18 is configured to receive an incident light beam 2 and reflect a reflected light beam 2' (as a result of the Fabry-Perot effect). The incident light beam 2 has a certain wavelength spectrum. As a result of the Fabry-Perot effect, a portion of this wavelength spectrum is reflected to form the reflected beam 2'. Therefore, it should be understood that the wavelength spectrum of the reflected light beam 2' has fewer wavelengths than the spectrum of the incident beam 2.

[0056] To enable this reflection, the multilayer stack 18 comprises at least one reflective metal mirror 14 and a conductive polymer layer 15 (hereinafter referred to as the "conductive polymer layer"). This layer 15 is configured to allow wavelengths determined as a result of the Fabry-Perot effect due to structural interference to escape. The term "wavelength" in reference to the reflected beam 2' is not limited to a single isolated wavelength, but can represent a range of wavelengths.

[0057] The Fabry-Perot effect is illustrated in Figure 2 as an example. A conductive polymer layer 15 (typically having a nanometer thickness of about 100 to several hundred nm) forms a Fabry-Perot resonator in which the incident beam 2 is confined. This resonator creates interference of predetermined wavelengths from the received light. This interference results in multiple reflections of a given wavelength of light propagating within the resonator. The module actually produces color for the observer as a result of this interference phenomenon, not as a result of absorption phenomena, as in the case of pigments or dyes. The thickness of the conductive polymer layer 15 determines the wavelength of beam 2' (which will be reflected from the reflective metal mirror 14). Therefore, changes in the thickness d15 of the conductive polymer layer 15 adjust the wavelengths that become the phase output of the resonator due to structural interference (e.g., λ1, λ2, and λ3 in Figure 2).

[0058] To adjust the thickness d15 of the conductive polymer layer 15, module 1 includes two electrodes 12, 13 configured to apply a potential difference to the stacked mass 18 (more specifically, the conductive polymer layer 15). The first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 are electrically connected to the multilayer stacked mass 18 on both sides (one side each). These two electrodes 12, 13 can each form layers located on either side of the stacked mass 18, as shown in Figure 1. Alternatively, these electrodes can each be connected to the stacked mass 18 without forming layers (for example, formed on the edge of the stacked mass 18 to electrically connect the conductive portion of the stacked mass). To apply this potential difference, the reflection system 3 may include a power supply 30 (e.g., an electronic controller) electrically connected to the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13. In one example, the absolute value of the potential difference applied by the power supply 30 is between 0V and 2V, excluding 0V, preferably between 0V and 1V, excluding 0V.

[0059] The conductive polymer 15 is capable of changing its structure through oxidation-reduction reactions when a potential difference is applied. The generation of positive charges during oxidation of the conductive polymer, or the disappearance of such charges during reduction, leads to the incorporation or efflux of counterions, ensuring that the material is electrically neutral. During this reaction, the charge state of the conductive polymer 15 changes, for example, as shown in Figure 3. For example, an oxidized conductive polymer can thus acquire a positive charge. The electrolyte 16 contains ions 160, 161 to compensate for these charges in the conductive polymer 15. This causes a change in the thickness d15 of the conductive polymer 15, and therefore in the size of the Fabry-Perot resonator. It should be understood that, therefore, the wavelength of beam 2' at the output of module 1 can be adjusted based on the applied potential difference. Note that, depending on the nature of the charges in the polymer, anions and / or cations may be exchanged. Typically, during oxidation, positive charges are generated along the conductive polymer chains. As a result, as shown in Figure 3, for example, electrolyte anions are incorporated between polymer chains, thus leading to the expansion of the conductive polymer film. Conversely, during reduction, the positive charge disappears and anions are expelled, leading to the contraction of the conductive polymer layer. During oxidation, cations are expelled, which can also lead to the contraction of the conductive polymer layer, and these cations are reincorporated during reduction, leading to the expansion of this layer. The dominance of one mechanism over the other (anion or cation exchange) is mainly determined by the properties and size of the ions involved and their solvation state. Typically, when small mobile anions are used, anion migration is dominant (e.g., ClO4-). Conversely, when larger anions are used, cation migration is observed (e.g., pTSO3-). Certain cases may arise when the cations or anions involved have smaller size and / or mobility. In this case, the two ion movements occur simultaneously or sequentially, leading to slight changes in volume, or to changes in volume in one direction and then in the other.

[0060] To ensure that the conductive polymer 15 is electrically neutral, the reflective module is equipped with a layer 16 of a solid polymer electrolyte system (hereinafter referred to as the "solid polymer electrolyte layer"). The function of this layer 16 is to supply ions to the conductive polymer 15 during oxidation-reduction reactions, and it has excellent ionic conductivity. The layer is also in a solid or semi-solid state, for example, in the form of a gel. This prevents leakage and reduces the volume and weight of the reflective module 1. The structure of the reflective module 1 is also simplified. Thus, the reflective module 1 can be more easily incorporated into existing assemblies, for example (as will be described in more detail later) into automotive parts in automotive applications. Many solid polymer electrolytes can be manufactured from commercially available products, making the manufacture of the module 1 easier and reducing its manufacturing cost.

[0061] Therefore, the change in the charge state of the conductive polymer 15 during the oxidation-reduction reaction is attributed to ion transfer between the polymer solid electrolyte layer 16 and the conductive polymer layer 15. To compensate for these charge fluctuations in the conductive polymer layer 15, the multilayer stack 18 also includes a counter electrode 17. The solid polymer electrolyte layer 16 is positioned between the conductive polymer layer 15 and the counter electrode 17. This is to avoid a short circuit between the conductive polymer layer 15 and the counter electrode 17 within the reflective module when a potential difference is applied.

[0062] The reflective module 1 may also include a second substrate 11. The second substrate 11 is located on the multilayer stack 18 and, if applicable, on the second electrode 13. The second substrate 11 has a bottom surface 11a and an top surface 11b. The stack 18 may be located on the bottom surface 11a and, if applicable, on the electrode 13 (which itself is located on the bottom surface 11a). Thus, the multilayer stack 18 and the electrodes 12, 13 can be pressed together by the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11. The second substrate 11 can form the incident refractive surface of the incident light beam 2 and the exit refractive surface of the reflected light beam 2'. Therefore, it is preferable that the second substrate 11 is configured to allow these beams 2, 2' to pass through. It is preferable that the substrate 11 has a transmittance of 75% or more, preferably about 80%.

[0063] The reflective module 1 (or system 3 equipped with it) can be incorporated into parts such as automobile components. Figure 4 shows, as an example, a front part of an automobile's front hood (bonnet) with the reflective system 3 in the center. The reflective module or reflective system 3 can be incorporated into other parts, for example, the interior of the passenger compartment or other parts of the vehicle body.

[0064] The reflective module 1 preferably has a response time of about 1 second, preferably 1 second or less, more preferably 200 ms or less, and most preferably 150 ms or less. This is particularly related to the properties of the conductive polymer (or, in particular, the properties of PEDOT-based conductive polymers).

[0065] For example, the reflective module has a reflectivity that falls between 50% and 90% of the incident light beam 2.

[0066] Here, a specific example of System 3 will be described with reference to Figures 5 and 6.

[0067] System 3 may comprise at least one reflective module 1 (preferably multiple reflective modules 1). As shown in Figure 5, each reflective module 1 (preferably each reflective module 1) may comprise a mask 111 configured to partially block the transmission of the incident 2 and reflected 2' beams. This mask 111 may be located, for example, on the upper surface 11b of the second substrate 11. The mask 111 can define areas 111 that block the transmission of light and areas 111a that allow the incident 2 and reflected 2' beams to pass through. Thus, the mask 111 can be used to show a pattern for a particular reflective module 1. Note that this mask 111 may be common to multiple reflective modules 1 arranged side by side.

[0068] For example, system 3 may include a plurality of reflective modules 1, arranged in at least one direction referred to as "parallel," which is parallel to or coincides with the direction of the main extension of these modules 1. Preferably, the reflective modules 1 are arranged in at least two directions referred to as "parallel" to a plane parallel to or coincides with the plane of the main extension of these modules 1. Thus, system 3 forms a pixel array in which each reflective module 1 can constitute one pixel. System 3 enables the dynamic display of the reflected wavelength for each module.

[0069] The fact that the electrolyte is in a solid or semi-solid form means that it is possible to obtain more complex structures with multiple reflective modules 1. This is because it is possible to eliminate the reservoir of liquid electrolyte that is associated with each pixel (and thus limits the packing density of the resulting pixel array). This also simplifies the system compared to using separate reservoirs of liquid electrolyte (which would complicate the fluid connection to each reflective module 1).

[0070] System 3 may, for example, comprise at least five reflective modules 1 arranged in a row, preferably at least five reflective modules 1 in each parallel direction.

[0071] To adjust the reflection wavelength for each module, the power supply 30 (or equivalent voltage source 30) can be configured to apply a potential difference to each reflection module 1 independently of each other. There may be one power supply 30 for each reflection module 1. Thus, the modules 1 can be controlled independently of each other for pixelated animation. Alternatively, the control circuit can be simplified with a single power supply 30 (for example, one that applies the same voltage to all reflection modules).

[0072] From the above explanation, it should be understood that the reflective module 1 can reflect an incident beam 2 (e.g., ambient light) generated in the environment outside the reflective module 1. It may be advantageous to maintain the display function of (one or more) reflective modules 1 in dimly lit environments (e.g., at night). For this purpose, as shown in Figure 6, the reflective system 3 may include at least one light source (preferably a side light source) 31. The light source 31 is configured to emit a light beam 2'', which then takes on the role of the incident light beam 2 described above. According to this example, it should be understood that the reflective module 1 can therefore reflect an incident light beam 2 generated in the environment and / or a light beam 2'' arriving from the light source 31. The system 3 may also include a waveguide 32 configured to transmit the light beam 2'' arriving from the light source 31 to one or more reflective modules 1. For this purpose, the waveguide 32 may include an internal total reflection element configured to guide the light beam 2'' arriving from the light source. Depending on the reflection angle of the beam within the waveguide, the beam 2'' arriving from the light source 31 can be transmitted to one of the reflection modules 1 or continue to propagate within the waveguide 32.

[0073] For example, the waveguide 32 may include a group of prisms 320 configured to change its optical path in order to send a portion of the beam 2" arriving from the light source 31 to the corresponding reflecting module 1. Those skilled in the art can create a waveguide that matches the arrangement of one or more reflecting modules 1. For example, the group of prisms 320 may be arranged at equal intervals along the waveguide 32 according to the parallel arrangement of the reflecting modules 1. Those skilled in the art can also provide other structures (e.g., dispersed particles) instead of, or in addition to, the group of prisms 320.

[0074] The reflective module 1 has a portion 1a offset from the multilayer matrix 18, the portion 1a may comprise portions 110, 130, 120, 100 of the substrate 10 and / or 11, and / or electrodes 12 and / or 13, respectively. As shown in Figures 5 and 8B, thus the surfaces 10b and 11a of the first substrate 10 and / or the second substrate 11, and, where applicable, each electrode 12, 13, are only partially covered by the matrix 18. Figure 8C shows a plan view of the first substrate 11 covered by the mirror 14, illustrating this. This makes it easier to electrically connect the reflective module 1 to the power supply 30. For example, the first substrate 10 and / or the second substrate 11 (preferably together with the associated electrodes 12, 13) may extend over a distance longer than the corresponding distance with respect to the cost of the matrix 18, in at least one direction in the plane of the main extension of each layer of the matrix 18. The part 1a can be connected to the power supply 30. The part 1a can also facilitate the integration of the stacked mass 18 into the system 3 (without necessarily being connected to the power supply 30).

[0075] Herein, we will show examples of the dimensions of the reflective module 1. Each module 1 can extend within the plane of the main extension of each layer of the stacked mass 18. Within this plane, each reflective module 1 may have lateral dimensions perpendicular to each other, ranging in value from a few millimeters for smaller surfaces to up to a few meters for larger surfaces.

[0076] The reflective module 1 may have a thickness of approximately 50 nm or more and approximately 350 nm or less. Therefore, it should be understood that because the reflective module is compact, it can be more easily incorporated into existing components (e.g., automotive parts) compared to existing solutions that use liquid electrolytes.

[0077] As shown in Figures 8B and 8C, the first substrate 10 and / or the second substrate 11 may extend over a distance d1 of 5 nm or less, preferably 3 nm or less, in at least one direction in the plane of the main extension of each layer of the stacked mass 18, relative to the stacked mass 18.

[0078] Here, we will explain the reflection module 1 in more detail, element by element.

[0079] The first substrate 10 and / or the second substrate 11 are preferably flexible substrates. This makes it easier to integrate the reflective module into existing components and increases the mechanical strength of the reflective module 1. A material or layer is considered flexible if its mechanical and electrical properties remain unchanged even under a large strain of 2.5% at a radius of curvature of 0.5 mm for concave or convex shapes. The deformation (flexibility) of the reflective module 1 can be evaluated using the following equation: deformation = (ts - tp - tf) / (2rc): - ts is the thickness of the layers of each substrate 11,10. - tp is the total thickness of the layers of the 18 stacked piles. - tf is the total thickness of electrode layers 12 and 13. - rc is the radius of curvature.

[0080] For example, the substrate 10 and / or the second substrate 11 can be deformed by hand without the use of any tools. As can be seen above, at least the second substrate 11 may have a transmittance of 75% or more in the visible spectrum. For example, the first substrate 10 and / or the second substrate 11 are polymer-based or made of polymers. More specifically, the first substrate 10 and / or the second substrate 11 are based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PMMA, or derivatives thereof, or made of these materials. Note that other polymers may also be considered.

[0081] In the case of multiple reflective modules 1 arranged side by side, the first substrate 10 and / or the second substrate 11 may be common to all of the reflective modules 1. Alternatively, each module may have its own (one or more) substrates that are separate from each other. This makes it easier to manufacture each reflective module 1. These reflective modules 1 are then assembled together (for example, on a common support 33 as shown in Figure 6).

[0082] The electrodes 12 and 13 may be in the form of layers deposited on the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11, respectively. For example, the electrodes 12 and 13 may be based on or made of indium tin oxide (ITO).

[0083] The metal mirror 14 may be formed of at least one metal layer 140, which is based on or made of aluminum, for example. Thus, good reflection of the incident beam 2 is obtained. The metal mirror 14 may also have a layer that enables excellent chemical compatibility with the conductive polymer layer 15. For this purpose, the metal mirror 14 may have a layer 142 that is based on or made of gold. Thus, the gold layer 142 can come into contact with the conductive polymer layer 15 without the risk of degrading the layer 15 or the metal mirror 14. Note that multiple metal mirrors 14 can be used in the stacked mass 18, or even in the reflective module 1. For example, one or more substrates 10 and one or more mirrors 14 can be stacked on top of each other. To adhere the gold layer 142 to the aluminum layer 140, the mirror 14 may have a chromium-based or chromium-made adhesion layer 141 between these layers 140, 142. The metal mirror is preferably nanometer thick, i.e., less than 1 μm thick. For example, the aluminum layer 140 may have a thickness d140 of approximately 50 nm, preferably between approximately 40 nm and 80 nm (for example, between approximately 50 nm and 70 nm). The chromium layer may have a thickness d141 of approximately 5 nm. The gold layer 142 may have a thickness d142 of approximately 7 nm.

[0084] For example, the conductive polymer layer 15 is based on or made of at least one of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (abbreviated as PEDOT), polyacetylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, or derivatives thereof (preferably PEDOT or its derivatives). For example, the conductive polymer 15 is PEDOT:Tos (PEDOT bonded to a tosylate ion).

[0085] In another example, the conductive polymer 15 is PEDOT:PSS (PEDOT bonded to poly(styrene sulfonate)). In this exemplary embodiment, it may be advantageous to have multiple additives in the chemical formula of PEDOT:PSS. These additives may be selected from one of the elements shown in the following list, or from a combination of at least two of the elements in this list: - Surfactants: t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (product name "Triton (trademark) X100"), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (product name "Tween / Tween (the specific font "Tween" is a registered trademark) 80"), 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), - Salts: Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (abbreviated as LiTFSI), sodium saccharin (abbreviated as saccharin Na), - Ionic liquid: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate (abbreviated as BMIM OSU), - Crosslinking agent: (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (abbreviated as GOPS), - Polyethylene glycol (abbreviated as PEG).

[0086] According to one exemplary embodiment, the conductive polymer layer 15 is obtained from an aqueous solution containing between 1% and 1.13% by mass of PEDOT:PSS (e.g., a commercially available Clevios / Clevios / Clevios / (the specific lettering "Clevios" is a registered trademark) PH1000 solution), to which at least one element from the salts, ionic liquids, crosslinkers, and polyethylene glycol listed above is added in an amount equal to the weight of PEDOT:PSS molecules. In other words, the mixture has PEDOT:PSS and at least one element from the salts, ionic liquids, crosslinkers, and polyethylene glycol in a 1:1 mass ratio. That is, the solution contains equal amounts of additives and PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, a surfactant is added to the mixture in a ratio between 0.5% and 1.5% by mass relative to the mass of the aqueous solution.

[0087] The following is a list of examples illustrating the recipes described in the previous paragraph: - 101.2 mg LiTFSI + 59.3 mg Triton X-100 + 10,000.1 mg Clevios PH1000 - 100.7 mg of saccharin sodium + 70 mg of Triton X-100 + 10,067 mg of Clevios PH1000, - 100.9mg BMIM OSU + 73mg Triton X-100 + 10,000mg Clevios PH1000, - 100mg BMIM OSU + 50mg Triton X-100 + 10,000mg Clevios PH1000.

[0088] Other recipes, especially: - 0.1g DBSA + 0.3g GOPS + 19.6g PEDOT:PSS, - 0.07g Triton X-100 + 0.3g PEG-200 + 4.775g PEDOT:PSS, That is also a possibility.

[0089] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the conductive polymer layer 15 is obtained from an aqueous solution containing 1% to 1.13% by mass of PEDOT:PSS (e.g., a commercially available Crevios PH1000 solution), to which a surfactant is added in a ratio of 0.5% to 1.5% by mass relative to the mass of the aqueous solution. For example, this may be the following recipe: Crevios PH1000 + 1% by weight of Tween 80 + 0.5% by weight of DMSO. The conductive polymer layer 15 thus obtained consists of PEDOT:PSS and the surfactant Tween 80. This type of conductive polymer layer 15 has better electrical conductivity than a conductive polymer layer consisting of PEDOT:PSS alone. Furthermore, the mixture of PEDOT:PSS and the surfactant makes it possible to obtain a polymer layer with a precise thickness within a desired range.

[0090] The addition of at least one of the additives described above improves the electronic conductivity of the conductive polymer 15. Higher electronic conductivity promotes ion exchange with the solid polymer electrolyte layer, accelerating the change in the thickness of the conductive polymer layer 15. For the reflective module, a faster change in thickness means a better response of the system to stimuli.

[0091] Next, the presence of at least one of these additives allows for better adhesion of the conductive polymer layer 15 to the underlying layer (e.g., a layer of metal mirrors deposited on the first substrate). This improved adhesion enhances the mechanical stability of the stack, ensuring a superior module lifespan and better compatibility with various methods (particularly methods for assembling modules in a wider range of configurations).

[0092] Finally, a conductive polymer layer of chemical formula PEDOT:PSS, supplemented with at least one of the aforementioned additives, has a thickness that is more easily controlled during its manufacturing process. Thus, the conductive polymer layer can achieve the desired thickness with greater precision. The thickness of the conductive polymer layer determines the characteristics of the wavelengths returned by the interference phenomenon resulting from the "Fabry-Perot" resonator.

[0093] The conductive polymer layer 15 preferably has a thickness d15 that falls between approximately 75 nm and 250 nm, preferably between 100 nm and 200 nm, and more preferably between 150 nm and 200 nm.

[0094] The solid polymer electrolyte layer 16 may contain an ionic gel comprising a polymer matrix and an ionic liquid, and / or a polymer ionic liquid (for example, with a polymer matrix).

[0095] In the example of an ionic gel, the polymer matrix may be selected from polyvinyl alcohol (abbreviated as PVA), polyethers (e.g., polyethylene glycol (abbreviated as PEG) or polythioethers). The ionic liquid may be selected from the following components: - 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, - 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (abbreviated as EMIM TFSI), - 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate (abbreviated as EMIM triflate), - Choline-based biocompatible ionic liquids (ILs).

[0096] In embodiments known to those skilled in the art, a polymer ionic liquid is an ion-conducting polymer obtained from the polymerization of ionic liquid monomers. In some embodiments known to those skilled in the art, the polymer ionic liquid may be solid and possess sufficient mechanical strength to form layer 16. In other embodiments, the polymer ionic liquid may not possess sufficient strength on its own to form layer 16 and is typically soluble in organic solvents. To impart mechanical properties to the polymer ionic liquid, the electrolyte may comprise the polymer ionic liquid and a polymer matrix that forms a mechanical support. Alternatively, or in addition to this, the solid polymer liquid can be crosslinked with crosslinkable chemical bonds (e.g., C=C bonds). The polymer network formed after crosslinking is insoluble.

[0097] Solid polymer electrolytes thus possess excellent ionic conductivity, enabling the incorporation and expulsion of ions into and out of the conductive polymer. Polymer electrolytes based on ionic gels and polymer ionic liquids exhibit excellent chemical and mechanical stability. In particular, they have broad electrochemical stability. For example, solid polymer electrolytes have an electrochemically stable range (a range of electrochemically stable potentials) of 3V or more (e.g., approximately 3.2V).

[0098] Furthermore, solid polymer electrolytes based on ion gels or polymer ionic liquids are deformable and stretchable enough to adapt to changes in the thickness of the conductive polymer. According to one example, the Young's modulus of the solid polymer electrolyte is included between approximately 0.2 and 4 MPa. The elongation at break can be included between approximately 100% or more, for example, between approximately 150% and 160%. Thus, the reflection module 1 has a long lifespan despite the deformation of the conductive polymer layer 15. Solid polymer electrolytes based on ion gels or polymer ionic liquids can also be patterned (for example, using photolithography). For example, UV photolithography is used to control the absorption of the conductive polymer and its thickness (and thus the perceived color of the reflected beam 2'). The solid polymer electrolyte layer 16 preferably has a transmittance of 80% or more.

[0099] According to one example, the solid polymer electrolyte layer may have an ionic conductivity of 1×10 -4 S / cm or more at room temperature. The ionic conductivity may be included between approximately 10 -4 S / cm and 10 -2 S / cm. The ionic conductivity may be approximately 1×10 -3 S / cm. These ionic conductivities can be achieved particularly by using ion gels. In the case of polymer ionic liquids, the solid polymer electrolyte layer may have an ionic conductivity of 1×10 -4 S / cm or less at room temperature.

[0100] The solid polymer electrolyte may be based on at least one polymer selected from polyethers, polycarbonates (e.g., polybutylene glutarate abbreviated as PBG), polyesters, polynitriles (e.g., polyacrylonitrile abbreviated as PAN), polyalcohols (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol abbreviated as PVA), polyamines (e.g., polyethyleneimine abbreviated as PEI), polysiloxanes (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane abbreviated as PDMS), fluoropolymers (e.g., polyvinylidene fluoride abbreviated as PVDF, or poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) abbreviated as P(VDF-co-HFP)), biopolymers (e.g., lignin, chitosan, and cellulose), and their derivatives. The solid polymer electrolyte may also include copolymers in which at least one monomer unit corresponds to one of the above-mentioned polymers.

[0101] Regarding the composition of the ionic liquid, examples of cations that can be used in embodiments known to those skilled in the art include 1,3-dialkylimidazolium, N-alkylpyridinium, tetraalkylammonium, tetraalkylphosphonium, and N-alkylpyrrolidinium. Examples of anions that can be used include bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, nitrate ions, and acetates. These ions can have various hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. For example, depending on the properties of the polymer matrix, or the desired hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, the ions (of the polymer or other) used to create the ionic liquid can be adapted.

[0102] For example, the solid polymer electrolyte layer 16 may have a thickness d16 of 1 mm or less, preferably between approximately 100 μm and 1 mm. This is because, considering the nanometer thickness of the conductive polymer layer 15, there is no need for a thicker solid polymer electrolyte layer. Consequently, the compactness of the reflective module 1 is improved. By limiting the thickness d16 of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 16, high transmittance, and therefore transmission of the incident 2 and reflected 2' beams, is also enhanced.

[0103] The layer forming the counter electrode 17 is based on or may be made of nickel oxide having the chemical formula NiOx (where x is non-zero). The counter electrode 17 preferably has a thickness of less than approximately 1 nm. For example, the thickness of the counter electrode may be approximately 100 nm or more, preferably between approximately 100 nm and 150 nm, and more preferably between 100 nm and 120 nm. Those skilled in the art should note that it is practically possible to consider alternative materials for forming the counter electrode (such as platinum and / or carbon, e.g., carbon strips or porous carbon formed from carbon nanotubes) to obtain a counter electrode that is transparent enough to allow incident and transmitted light beams to pass through, and preferably flexible.

[0104] Here, with reference to Figures 7 to 13, a method for manufacturing the reflective module 1 will be described by several exemplary embodiments. Note that the method may include any steps that enable the acquisition of the characteristics of the reflective module 1 described above. Specific examples of manufacturing recipes are also given. The deposition parameters and techniques can be configured to obtain the thickness described above.

[0105] As shown in Figure 7, the method comprises supplying a first substrate 10 equipped with a first electrode 12. The method may also include a step of forming the first electrode 12 on the first substrate 10, or more specifically on its upper surface 10b (for example, by forming an ITO layer on the first substrate 10).

[0106] The method then further comprises forming a multilayer stacked body 18 as described above.

[0107] For this purpose, the method may include depositing a metal mirror 14 on a first substrate 10, more specifically on a first electrode 12, as shown in Figures 8A to 8C. As can be seen above, the mirror 14 may comprise a plurality of continuous metal layers. These layers 140, 141, and 142 can be formed using any physical deposition technique (e.g., cathode sputtering, electron beam deposition, flash deposition, or induction heating deposition).

[0108] The method may include forming a conductive polymer layer 15 on the formed metal mirror 14. For this purpose, many film formation techniques can be considered, particularly depending on the properties of the conductive polymer. For example, when a PEDOT conductive polymer is formed, as shown in Figures 9A and 9B, forming the conductive polymer layer may involve forming an oxidation precursor solution using centrifugation or spin coating. This formed layer 15' can then be used to form a conductive polymer layer 15 by vapor polymerization of a vapor containing PEDOT monomer.

[0109] According to one specific example, a layer of PEDOT:Tos can be deposited by vapor-phase polymerization in a vacuum chamber, according to the following characteristics: - The oxidizing solution is prepared by mixing 2g of iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate (having the chemical formula Fe(Tos)3), 2g of PEG-PPG-PEG triblock copolymer, and 5g of ethanol. - By spin-coating the oxidizing solution at 1500 rpm (revolutions per minute) for 30 seconds, a layer 15' is formed on the substrate 10. - After layer 15' is annealed at 70°C for 30 seconds, the substrate 10 is transferred to a vacuum chamber. - A group of droplets of EDOT (ethylenedioxythiophene) are dropped onto layer 15' on a 60°C heating plate inside the vacuum chamber to ensure that they evaporate. - After 30 to 60 minutes (depending on the thickness of the layer to be formed), the sample is annealed on a 70°C heating plate for 2 minutes to obtain a conductive polymer layer 15. - Then, the substrate is cleaned with ethanol to remove any unreacted material.

[0110] The reflective module 1 is preferably manufactured as two sub-modules 1' and 1'' that can be assembled more easily. Thus, the formation of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 16 is separated from the formation of the conductive polymer layer 15. In this example, the first sub-module 1' is obtained after the conductive polymer layer 15 has been formed. Then the second sub-sub-module 1'' is manufactured to be assembled with them.

[0111] Alternatively, it should be noted that by stacking layers in a continuous manner to form a stacked mass 18 using a technique similar to that described, the reflective module 1 can be formed layer by layer, starting from the first substrate 10. However, this carries the risk of damaging the conductive polymer layer 15 when forming each layer, especially the solid electrolyte layer 16. In particular, the polymerization, heat treatment, or UV radiation stages carry the risk of damaging the formed conductive polymer layer 15.

[0112] Here, we will describe the manufacturing of the second sub-module 1". As shown in Figure 10, a second substrate 11 having a second electrode 13 on its lower surface 11a may be supplied. This method may include a step of forming the second electrode 13 on the second substrate 11 (for example, by forming an ITO layer on the second substrate 11).

[0113] The method may include forming a layer for the counter electrode 17 on the second substrate 11 (more specifically, on the second electrode 13). Forming the counter electrode 17 may include forming a precursor layer 17' and then forming the counter electrode 17, as shown in Figures 11A and 11B. To form the nickel oxide (NiOx) layer, the method may, for example: - Prepare a 0.25 M NiCl2 solution by dissolving 0.24 g (1 mmol) of NiCl2·6H2O in 4 ml of distilled water. - Deposition of a NiCl2 solution on the substrate 11 using spin coating, - UV treatment of the deposited layer 17' to form the counter electrode 17, It may be equipped with this.

[0114] The method may then further comprise the deposition of a solid polymer electrolyte layer 16 on the counter electrode 17. For this purpose, many deposition techniques can be considered, particularly depending on the properties of the solid polymer electrolyte 16. For example, as shown in Figures 12A and 12B, deposition of the solid polymer electrolyte layer may involve deposition of a precursor solution to form a layer 16'. This deposited layer 16' can then be used to form the solid polymer electrolyte layer 16 by heat treatment and / or UV radiation and / or drying.

[0115] According to the first specific example, forming a solid polymer electrolyte layer involves: - Prepare a solution containing an ionic liquid, P(VDF-co-HFP), and acetone under an N2 atmosphere at room temperature for 24 hours. - The mixture is deposited in a mold formed on the second substrate 11, - To obtain layer 16 by drying at room temperature for 24 hours, It may be equipped with this.

[0116] In this example, the solid polymer electrolyte layer has a transmittance of 83.3% and 1.06 x 10⁻¹⁰ -3 It has an ionic conductivity of S / cm and a wide electrochemical stability range of 3.2V.

[0117] According to a second specific example, forming a solid polymer electrolyte layer involves: - Thiol monomers (e.g., thiol:trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) and / or dithiol:1,4-butanediol bis(thioglycolate)), acrylate monomers (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate PEGDA, Mn=700 g / mol, and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate PEGMA, Mn=500 g / mol, dissolved in 50 mg / mL of EtOH, and PEG(2-(9-oxoxanthene-2-yl)propionic acid 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-5-ene salt (photobase generator))), and ionic liquids (e.g., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM)) Prepare TFSI)) in a medicine bottle at room temperature. The weight ratio of PBG is 1% by weight relative to the weight of the thiol and acrylate monomers. The weight percentage of the ionic liquid is 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture. Next, the precursor solution is poured into the mold formed on the second substrate 11. - An ionic gel can be obtained by UV treatment until the solid polymer electrolyte is polymerized. It may be equipped with this.

[0118] According to this example, the mechanical properties of this ionic gel can be easily adjusted. The Young's modulus is between 0.2 and 4 MPa, and the strain at fracture can reach 155%. This ionic gel is also photolithographic, and its ionic conductivity is 10 -4 from 10 -3 It is between S / cm.

[0119] The reflective module 1 can then be obtained by assembling (i.e., dislocating) the sub-modules 1' and 1'' together. For example, as shown in Figure 13, the exposed surfaces 15a and 16a of the conductive polymer layer 15 and the solid polymer electrolyte layer 16 can be brought into contact with each other. In order to fix the sub-modules 1' and 1'' together, this assembly can be performed, for example, before the conductive polymer layer 15 and / or the solid polymer electrolyte layer 16 have completely solidified or polymerized. Solidification and polymerization are completed after the sub-modules 1' and 1'' have been assembled together.

[0120] A method for manufacturing the reflective system 3 may include each of the manufacturing steps described above for each module. A method for manufacturing the reflective substrate 3 may also include electrically connecting the power supply 30 to the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13. This method may also include a step of mounting multiple reflective modules 1 on a common support 33, for example, as shown in Figure 6. This method may also include a step of mounting additional elements of the system, such as side light sources, waveguides, and masks 111.

[0121] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but extends to all embodiments encompassed within the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the examples described above. Many other modified embodiments are possible without departing the scope of the present invention (for example, by combining the features described above). In particular, those skilled in the art can consider other film deposition techniques depending on the properties of the layer to be deposited. Furthermore, features described in relation to one aspect of the present invention may be combined with other aspects of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multilayer electroactive reflective module (1) for automotive parts, - First substrate (10), - A multilayer stack (18) disposed on the first substrate (10) and configured to receive an incident light beam (2) and reflect a reflected light beam (2') having a specific wavelength, wherein the wavelength of the multilayer stack (18) is determined by the potential difference applied to the stack (18), - The multilayer stack (18) is electrically connected on both sides, and the first electrode (12) and second electrode (13) are configured to apply the potential difference, It is equipped with, The aforementioned multilayer superstructure (18) is - At least one layer forming a metal mirror (14), - A layer (15) located on the metal mirror (14) and configured to use the Fabry-Perot effect to form a light beam (2') reflected from the metal mirror, wherein the thickness (d) in nanometers changes according to the potential difference applied to the stacked mass (18). １５ A conductive polymer layer (15) having ) Electrolytes (16) and, In a module equipped with, The module (1) is characterized in that the multilayer stack (18) also includes a layer forming a counter electrode (17), and the electrolyte (16) is a solid polymer electrolyte layer (16) disposed between the conductive polymer layer (15) and the counter electrode (17).

2. The solid polymer electrolyte (16) is • Ionic gels containing a polymer matrix and an ionic liquid, and / or Polymer ionic liquid, The module (1) according to the claim, which includes the above.

3. The module (1) according to any one of the preceding two claims, wherein the solid polymer electrolyte (16) is based on at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethers, polycarbonates, polyesters, polynitriles, polyalcohols, polyamines, polysiloxanes, fluoropolymers, biopolymers, and derivatives thereof.

4. The layer (16) of the solid polymer electrolyte system has a thickness of 1 mm or less, preferably between approximately 100 μm and 1 mm (d １６ A module (1) according to any one of the above claims, having )

5. The module (1) according to any one of the claims, wherein the layer (16) of the solid polymer electrolyte system has a transmittance of 80% or more.

6. The conductive polymer layer (15) has a thickness (d) that falls between 75 nm and 250 nm, preferably between 150 nm and 200 nm. １５ A module (1) according to any one of the above claims, having )

7. The module (1) according to any one of the claims, wherein the conductive polymer layer (15) is based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or a derivative thereof.

8. The module (1) according to any one of the above claims, wherein the layer forming the counter electrode (17) is based on nickel oxide, and the layer forming the counter electrode (17) preferably has a thickness of less than 1 mm.

9. The module (1) according to any one of the claims, wherein a second substrate (11) is placed on the multilayer stack (18).

10. An electroactive reflective system (3) for automotive parts, comprising at least one reflective module (1) as described in any one of the claims (3).

11. The system (3) according to the claim, comprising a plurality of the reflective modules (1) arranged in a line in at least one direction parallel to the direction of the main extension of the reflective module (1).

12. The system (3) according to any one of the preceding two claims, further comprising a side light source (31) and a waveguide (32) located on the at least one reflecting module (1), wherein the waveguide is configured to transmit a light beam (2") arriving from the light source (31) to the at least one reflecting module (1).

13. A method for manufacturing a reflective module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, - To supply the first substrate (10) equipped with the first electrode (12), and to supply the second electrode (13), - To form the multilayer stacked body (18), - To form at least one layer on the first substrate (10) that will form the metal mirror (14), - A conductive polymer layer (15) is formed on the layer that forms the metal mirror (14), - Forming the solid polymer electrolyte layer (16), - Forming a layer to form the counter electrode (17), To form the multilayer stacked body (18) having the following, A method comprising such that the multilayer stack (18) is connected to the first (12) and second (13) electrodes on both sides.

14. The invention further comprises supplying a second substrate (11), wherein the second substrate (11) is equipped with the second electrode (13), - The layer forming the counter electrode (17) is formed on the second substrate (11), - The solid polymer electrolyte layer (16) is formed on the layer that forms the counter electrode (17), The method according to the claim, further comprising the steps of assembling the first (10) and second (11) substrates using the solid polymer electrolyte layer (16) and the conductive polymer layer (15) after the conductive polymer layer (15) has been formed on the first substrate (10), in order to form the multilayer stack (18).

15. An automatic vehicle component (4) comprising a reflective module (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or a reflective system (3) according to any one of claims 10 to 12.

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