Systems and methods for fluid capture

Abstract

In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a method for functionalizing a fluid trapping material with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a system comprising a substrate and a fluid trapping material formed on one or more surfaces of the substrate. The fluid trapping material comprises an adsorbent material that binds one or more fluids, the one or more fluids including water, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, alcohols, or a combination thereof. The fluid trapping material also comprises one or more binder materials, the binder materials may be at least partially crosslinked. The fluid trapping material may contain at least one pore. The fluid trapping material is functionalized with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The subject matter disclosed herein relates to techniques for capturing one or more target fluids. More specifically, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to forming fluid-capturing materials or coatings using combinations or mixtures of binders and adsorbents. The fluid-capturing material may contain at least one pore. The fluid-capturing material is functionalized with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group.

[0002] Certain industrial systems may generate various fluids, such as water and carbon dioxide (CO2), during their operation. In certain cases, these fluids may be discharged as exhaust gases and not otherwise utilized. Certain components of the industrial system (e.g., substrates) may include coatings that can capture or extract these fluids. In certain cases, it is desirable to extract fluids such as CO2 and water directly from the air. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 10065174 [Overview of the Initiative]

[0004] The following is a summary of specific embodiments corresponding to the original claims of the patent application. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the Art, but rather to provide an overview of possible forms of the Art. In fact, the System and Method may encompass various forms that are similar to or different from the embodiments described below.

[0005] In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for functionalizing a system. The system comprises a substrate and a fluid-trapping material formed on one or more surfaces of the substrate. The method comprises functionalizing the fluid-trapping material with at least one functionalizing ligand comprising an amine group.

[0006] In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method. The method comprises providing an adsorbent material configured to bind one or more fluids, including water, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, alcohols, or combinations thereof. The method also comprises providing one or more binder materials, the one or more binder materials may include components capable of forming crosslinked polymers. The method further comprises providing a crosslinking agent. The method further comprises providing a pore precursor. The method further comprises generating an adsorbent-binder material based on the adsorbent material, one or more binder materials, optionally a crosslinking agent, and optionally a pore precursor. The method further comprises coating the adsorbent-binder material onto a substrate, forming a fluid-trapping material using the adsorbent-binder material coated onto the substrate, optionally removing the pore precursor to form at least one pore in the fluid-trapping material, and functionalizing the fluid-trapping material with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group.

[0007] In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a system. The system includes a substrate and a fluid-trapping material formed on one or more surfaces of the substrate. The fluid-trapping material includes an adsorbent material configured to bind one or more fluids, including water, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, alcohols, or combinations thereof, and one or more binder materials, the binder material may be at least partially crosslinked. The fluid-trapping material may include at least one pore. The adsorbent material is functionalized with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group.

[0008] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be better understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, similar reference numerals throughout the drawings represent similar parts.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009] [Figure 1] A flowchart of an embodiment of a process for capturing a target fluid using a fluid capture system having one or more substrates according to the present disclosure. [Figure 2] A flowchart of an embodiment for manufacturing a fluid capture material using a combination of a binder and an adsorbent used in the fluid capture system of FIG. 1 according to the present disclosure. [Figure 3] A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a substrate coated with the fluid capture material of FIG. 2 according to the present disclosure. [Figure 4] A graph showing the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration over time of a fluid flow directed at a substrate having a fluid capture material according to the present disclosure. [Figure 5] A visual flowchart showing the operating mode of a fluid capture system having one or more substrates coated with a fluid capture material according to the present disclosure. [Figure 6] A graph showing the weight gain over time of a substrate having a fluid capture material exposed to a fluid flow according to the present disclosure. [Figure 7] A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a cross-section of a film after casting, including wax crystals, according to the present disclosure. [Figure 8] A SEM image of a cross-section of a film after casting manufactured using wax crystals, with the wax crystals removed, according to the present disclosure. [Figure 9] A flowchart of an embodiment for functionalizing a fluid capture material including a combination of a binder and an adsorbent used in the fluid capture system of FIG. 1 according to the present disclosure.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] The following describes one or more specific embodiments of this disclosure. Not all features of the actual embodiments are described herein in order to provide a concise description of these embodiments. It should be understood that in developing such actual embodiments, as in any engineering or design project, numerous embodiment-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as complying with system-related and business-related constraints, and these constraints may differ from embodiment to embodiment. Furthermore, it should be understood that while such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, they are still routine design, fabrication, and manufacturing tasks for those skilled in the art who are interested in this disclosure.

[0011] When introducing elements of the various embodiments of this disclosure, the articles “a, an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to indicate that there is one or more of those elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be comprehensive and mean that there may be additional elements other than those listed. Furthermore, it should be understood that any reference in this disclosure to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” is not intended to be construed as excluding the existence of further embodiments incorporating the listed features.

[0012] In this context, the terms “about” or “approximately” are intended to mean that the indicated value is not exact and that the actual value may vary from the indicated value in such a way that it does not substantially alter the relevant behavior. For example, as used herein, the terms “about” or “approximately” are intended to convey a suitable value within a particular tolerance (e.g., ±10%, ±5%, ±1%, ±0.5%) for a particular manufacture or behavior, as understood by those skilled in the art.

[0013] As generally described herein, a particular system (e.g., a gas turbine) that produces one or more fluids (e.g., water and / or CO2) may include one or more substrates having a surface coating that binds one or more fluids, thereby extracting or capturing one or more fluids from a source fluid (e.g., exhaust gas flow, ambient air flow, etc.). For example, the system may include a combustion system that utilizes a fuel source (e.g., fossil fuels). Thus, one or more substrates of a combustion system may include a surface coating that can extract carbon dioxide. As another non-limiting example, the system may include a water capture system that generally includes a surface coating that can extract water from ambient air. As yet another non-limiting example, the system may include a CO2 capture system that generally includes a surface coating that can extract CO2 from ambient air. In certain embodiments, it may be desirable to capture at least a portion of the fluids in order to address guidance from a particular entity (e.g., government regulations) and / or to utilize one or more fluids rather than not capturing them, such as by discharging or releasing the fluids into the surrounding air or other nearby environment.

[0014] This disclosure relates to techniques for improving the efficiency of capturing or extracting a particular fluid from a fluid flow by forming a fluid-capturing material or fluid-capturing coating using an adsorbent material (e.g., an adsorbent component) and optionally a crosslinkable binder material, and optionally by crosslinking the binder material (e.g., using a crosslinking agent). As described in more detail herein, the adsorbent material generally includes a material capable of binding a particular fluid, e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), oxygen (O2), or other gas molecules that may be formed in form as a result of a decomposition reaction (e.g., combustion). For example, the adsorbent material may include metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and / or covalent organic frameworks (COFs). In some embodiments, the adsorbent material may include polymer resins, silica, zeolites, and other materials capable of capturing the fluids discussed herein. The binder material may include one or more materials that can prevent, reduce, or mitigate (i.e., improve the stability of) the decomposition or dissolution of the adsorbent material. As will be further described in this specification, it is now recognized that by forming a fluid-trapping material using an adsorbent material and a binder material which may be crosslinked, the ability to bind fluids (e.g., in a reversible or irreversible manner) can be improved compared to conventional fluid-binding materials or coatings. As will be further described in this specification, it is now recognized that the adsorbents in fluid-trapping materials can be functionalized.

[0015] In general, the adsorbent can be any suitable adsorbent known in the art that facilitates the functionalized adsorbents described herein. In some embodiments, the adsorbent is selected from the group consisting of coordination framework compounds, metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds, porous coordination polymers (PCP), covalent organic framework (COF) compounds, zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) compounds, crystalline porous materials, crystalline open frameworks, network chemistry, silica particles, zeolites, silico-aluminophosphate (SAPO), aluminophosphate (AlPO), polyaromatic framework (PAF), activated carbon, molecular organic solids, and combinations thereof.

[0016] As used herein, MOF compounds are a class of compounds comprising metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional structures. The metal ions or clusters are bound by multidirectional organic ligands that act as binding sites and linkers in the network structure. MOF compounds possess modularity, enabling synthetic control, thereby allowing for fine chemical and structural control. Properties such as porosity, stability, particle morphology, and conductivity can be tuned to suit specific applications.

[0017] In many embodiments, the adsorbent is an MOF compound comprising an MOF metal or a metal-containing cluster and an MOF linker.

[0018] In some embodiments, the MOF metal may be any suitable MOF metal known in the art that facilitates the functionalized adsorbents described herein. In other embodiments, the MOF metal is a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, Ca, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, their ions, their hydrates, their salts, their halides, their fluorides, their chlorides, their bromides, their iodides, their nitrates, their acetates, their sulfates, their phosphates, their carbonates, their oxides, their formates, their carboxylates, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the MOF metal includes Mg.

[0019] In some embodiments, the MOF metal-containing cluster may be any suitable MOF metal-containing cluster known in the art that facilitates the functionalized adsorbent described herein. In some embodiments, the MOF metal-containing cluster comprises MOF metal nodes and linker struts, where the MOF metal and linker are defined as described herein, respectively. In other embodiments, the MOF metal-containing cluster comprises an MOF metal-oxy cluster.

[0020] In some embodiments, the MOF linker may be any suitable MOF linker known in the art that facilitates the functionalized adsorbents described herein. Generally, the geometric shape and connectivity of the linker contribute to the structure of the resulting MOF compound. Adjusting the geometric shape, length, ratio, and functional groups of the linker can control the size, shape, and internal surface properties of the MOF compound for the target application.

[0021] In at least some embodiments, the MOF linker is a linker selected from the group consisting of polytopic linkers, ditopic linkers, tritopic linkers, tetratopic linkers, pentatopic linkers, hexatopic linkers, heptatopic linkers, octatopic linkers, mixed linkers, desymmetric linkers, metallic linkers, N-heterocyclic linkers, and combinations thereof.

[0022] In at least some embodiments, the MOF linker is a polytopic linker, 4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid (H4dobpdc), 4,4'-dioxide biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate (dobpdc 4- ), 4,4”-dioxide-[1,1':4',1”-terphenyl]-3,3”-dicarboxylate (dotpdc 4- ), 2,5-dioxidebenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (dobdc 4- ), 4,6-dihydroxyisophthalic acid (m-dobdc 4- ), 3,3'-dioxide-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (para-carboxylate-dobpdc 4- The linker is selected from the group consisting of ), 4,4'-[oxalylbis(imino)]bis(2-hydroxybenzoic acid) (H4ODA), 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis-(carbonylimino)]bis(2-hydroxybenzoic acid) (H4TDA), 4,4'-dihydroxyazobenzene-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid (H4OSA), their protonated, partially and fully deprotonated forms, and combinations thereof. As another example, in at least some embodiments, the MOF linker is a linker selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylates (e.g., terephthalic acid), tricarboxylates (e.g., 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), azolates, tetrazolates, and combinations thereof.

[0023] As another example, in at least some embodiments, the MOF linker is 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, 4-oxopyrane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,9-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, p-benzenedicarboxylic acid, imidazole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid nic acid, quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 6-chloroquinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminophenylmethane-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, diimidodicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylimidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2-isopropylimidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, tetrahydropyran-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, perylene-3,9-dicarboxylic acid, perylenedicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E200 dicarboxylic acid, 3,6-dioxaoctanedicarboxylic acid, 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, octanedicarboxylic acid, pentane-3,3-carboxylic acid, 4,4'-diamino-1,1'-diphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, benzidine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis-(phenylamino)benzene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,1'-dinaphthyl-8,8'-dical Bonic acid, 7-chloro-8-methylquinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1-anilinoanthraquinone-2,4'-dicarboxylic acid, polytetrahydrofuran-250-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloroquinoline-3,8-dicarboxylic acid, 1-(4-carboxy)phenyl-3-(4-chloro)phenylpyrazoline-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-Dicarboxylic acid, phenylindanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 2-benzoylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-cisdicarboxylic acid, 2,2'-biquinoline-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedicarboxylic acid, o-hydroxybenzoneziccarboxylic acid, Pluriol E300 dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E400 dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E600 dicarboxylic acid, pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dimethyl-2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyletherdiimidodicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethanediimidodicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfonediimidodicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 8-methoxy-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 8-nitro-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 8-sulfo-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, anthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2'-3'-diphenyl-p-terphenyl-4,4"-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl ether-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid Acids, imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4(1H)-oxothiochromene-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, 5-t-butyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 7,8-quinolinedicarboxylic acid, 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid, 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, hexatriacontanedicarboxylic acid, tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,7-heptanedicarboxylic acid, 5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1-nonene-6,9-dicarboxylic acid, eicosenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 1-amino-4-methyl-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, cyclohexene-2,The dicarboxylic acid linker is selected from the group consisting of 3-dicarboxylic acid, 2,9-dichlorofluorine-4,11-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-3-methylquinoline-6,8-dicarboxylic acid, 2,4-dichlorobenzophenone-2',5'-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1-methylpyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1-benzyl-1H-pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, anthraquinone-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid, 2-nitrobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, heptane-1,7-dicarboxylic acid, cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dehydronorbornane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 5-ethyl-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0024] As another example, in at least some embodiments, the MOF linker is a tricarboxylic acid linker selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-2,3,8-quinolinetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 2-phosphono-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-F]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, 5-acetyl-3-amino-6-methylbenzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 3-amino-5-benzoyl-6-methylbenzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, aurintricarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0025] As another example, in at least some embodiments, the MOF linker is 1,1-dioxide-perilo[1,12-BCD]thiophene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid, perylenetetracarboxylic acid, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid, perylene-1,12-sulfone-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, meso-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, decane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid The tetracarboxylic acid linker is selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,11,12-dodecanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-hexanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,7,8-octanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,9,10-decanetetracarboxylic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid, cyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0026] In exemplary embodiments, the MOF linker is 4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid (H4dobpdc) and / or 4,4'-dioxide biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate (dobpdc 4- In some embodiments, dobpdc includes 4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, its monocarboxylate form, its dicarboxylate form, its monophenoxide form, its diphenoxide form, and combinations thereof.

[0027] In some embodiments, the MOF linker is the following linker: [ka] [ka] [ka] and / or [ka] It is one or more of these.

[0028] In some embodiments, the MOF compound is a MOF compound from the MOF-74 family. In some embodiments, the MOF compound is a MOF compound from the MOF-274 family. In some embodiments, the MOF compound is a MOF compound from the MOF-303 family. In some embodiments, the MOF compound is Mg2(dobpdc).

[0029] In some embodiments, the functionalized adsorbent comprises at least one functionalized ligand containing an amino group. In some embodiments, the functionalized adsorbent comprises at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an amino group.

[0030] In some embodiments, the functionalized adsorbent is a functionalized MOF compound of formula (I),

number

[0031] In some embodiments, the functionalized adsorbent comprises at least one functionalized ligand, and the at least one functionalized ligand comprises at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group. Generally, the at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group may comprise any suitable ligand that facilitates the functionalized adsorbent described herein. The at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group may comprise only one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group, or two or more functionalized ligands each containing an aminosilicone group.

[0032] In some embodiments, the functionalized adsorbent comprises at least one functionalized ligand, and the at least one functionalized ligand comprises at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group. In some embodiments, the functionalized adsorbent also comprises at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group. Generally, the at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group may comprise any suitable ligand that facilitates the functionalized adsorbent described herein. The at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group may comprise only one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group, or two or more functionalized ligands, each of which does not contain an aminosilicone group.

[0033] In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group is selected from the group consisting of amine ligands, monoamine ligands, diamine ligands, triamine ligands, tetraamine ligands, pentaamine ligands, hexaamine ligands, polyamine ligands, alkylamine ligands, and amino-alcohol ligands. Examples of analogous ligands, but not limited to, include ethylenediamine, N-methylethylenediamine, N-ethylethylenediamine, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N-diethylethylenediamine, di(N-methyl)ethylenediamine, N-isopropylethylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N-methylethylenediamine, di(N,N-dimethyl)ethylenediamine, N,N-diisopropylethylenediamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopentane, diethylenetriamine, and N-(2-amino Examples include (noethyl)-1,3-propanediamine, bis(3-aminopropyl)amine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane (spermidine), triethylenetetramine, N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine, 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine, N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane (spermine), tetraethylenepentamine, and / or combinations thereof.

[0034] In some embodiments, the functionalized adsorbent comprises a mixture of at least two different functionalized ligands. In some embodiments, the mixture of at least two different functionalized ligands comprises at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group. In some embodiments, the mixture of at least two different functionalized ligands comprises at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand that contains an aminosilicone group. Generally, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group may be present in any suitable ratio known in the art that facilitates the functionalized adsorbent described herein. In some embodiments, the ratio is selected from the group consisting of molar ratio, weight ratio, and volume ratio. In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 10:1 to about 1:10. In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 9:1 to about 1:9. In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand not containing an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 8:1 to about 1:8. In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand not containing an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 7:1 to about 1:7. In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand not containing an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 6:1 to about 1:6. In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand not containing an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 5:1 to about 1:5.In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand not containing an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 4:1 to about 1:4. In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand not containing an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 3:1 to about 1:3. In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand not containing an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 2:1 to about 1:2. In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand not containing an aminosilicone group are present in a ratio ranging from about 1:1.

[0035] In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group is present in a smaller amount than at least one functionalized ligand that does not contain an aminosilicone group.

[0036] In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group and at least one functionalized ligand not containing an aminosilicone group are present in ratios of about 1:2, about 1:3, about 1:4, about 1:5, about 1:6, about 1:7, about 1:8, about 1:9, or about 1:10.

[0037] In many embodiments, the at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group may be any suitable at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group known in the art that facilitates the functionalized adsorbents described herein.

[0038] In some embodiments, the at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group comprises at least one amine selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group comprises at least one primary amine or at least one secondary amine.

[0039] In some embodiments, the at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group comprises at least one amine selected from the group consisting of monoamines, diamines, triamines, tetraamines, pentaamines, hexaamines, polyamines, and combinations thereof.

[0040] In some embodiments, the functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group comprises at least one aminosilicone selected from the group consisting of linear aminosilicones, cyclic aminosilicones, branched aminosilicones, aminosubstituted siloxanes, linear aminosubstituted disiloxanes, cyclic aminosubstituted disiloxanes, linear aminosubstituted trisiloxanes, cyclic aminosubstituted trisiloxanes, linear aminosubstituted tetrasiloxanes, cyclic aminosubstituted tetrasiloxanes, linear aminosubstituted polysiloxanes, cyclic aminosubstituted polysiloxanes, silsesquioxanes, polyoctahedral silsesquioxanes, and combinations thereof.

[0041] In some embodiments, the functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group has a symmetric structure. In some embodiments, the functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group has an asymmetric structure.

[0042] In some embodiments, when at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group contains a disiloxane group, the at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group contains the same amine on both sides of the disiloxane group. In some embodiments, when at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group contains a disiloxane group, the at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group contains different amines on both sides of the disiloxane group.

[0043] In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group is an amino-substituted siloxane of formula (II), formula (III), formula (IV), formula (V), formula (VI) or formula (VII),

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

[0044] In some embodiments, at least one functionalized ligand containing an aminosilicone group is selected from the group consisting of the following: [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] and [ka]

[0045] The disclosed fluid-trapping material or coating can be formed by crosslinking a binder material capable of forming a crosslinked polymer. In at least some examples, the disclosed fluid-trapping material may include a portion (e.g., a mass percentage) that is a crosslinked polymer (e.g., a crosslinked binder material). For example, such a portion may be less than 20 mass%, 1 mass% to 15 mass%, 5 mass% to 10 mass%, or less than 10 mass% of the total mass of the fluid-trapping material. Generally, the crosslinked polymer can be formed using thermal techniques, radiation techniques (e.g., irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light), and / or chemical techniques (e.g., use of a crosslinking agent via radical polymerization or condensation reaction). In embodiments in which a crosslinking agent is used, the fluid-trapping material may also contain the crosslinking agent; that is, the crosslinking agent may be present in the fluid-trapping material. It is now recognized that fluid trapping materials containing crosslinked polymers (for example, fluid trapping materials formed using crosslinked polymers) can result in fluid trapping materials with a relatively higher amount of adsorbent (for example, a relatively lower amount of binder material, e.g., less than 15% by mass, less than 12% by mass, less than 10% by mass, less than 8% by mass, less than 5% by mass) compared to fluid trapping materials formed using binders or polymers that are not crosslinked and / or cannot be crosslinked. Therefore, increasing the amount of adsorbent material improves the fluid binding ability of the fluid trapping material by increasing the amount of adsorbent material in the fluid trapping material. Furthermore, by forming the fluid trapping material with a crosslinked polymer, the disclosed fluid trapping material may have improved adhesion or bonding to a substrate (e.g., metal substrates, polymer substrates (e.g., glass-filled nylon), polymer composite substrates, etc.), and improved stability or resistance to dissolution.

[0046] With this in mind, Figure 1 is a flowchart of one embodiment of process 10 for capturing or extracting fluid from a fluid flow. As shown, the fluid capture system 12 receives fluid from a fluid source 14. Generally, the fluid source 14 may include an exhaust fluid flow (e.g., exhaust gas flow) and / or ambient air. As described herein, the fluid source 14 may include one or more target fluids (e.g., one or more target gases) that may be desirable to capture or otherwise extract or isolate from the exhaust fluid flow. For example, it may be desirable to capture certain products of combustion. That is, in certain examples, it may be desirable to capture CO2 to reduce CO2 emissions into the environment (e.g., in accordance with certain regulations). Additionally or alternatively, it may be desirable to capture H2O to reduce the moisture content of the airflow. In another non-limiting example, certain sulfur oxides (SO2) produced from exhaust gases x It may be advantageous to capture ). In either case, the fluid capture system 12 generally receives fluid from the fluid source 14, and one or more substrates 16 of the fluid capture system 12 extract one or more target fluids 18 from the fluid of the fluid source 14, thereby generating a purified gas flow 20.

[0047] In certain embodiments, the fluid capture system 12 may be provided as part of a gas turbine system, a chemical manufacturing system, or other system that generates a fluid flow (e.g., a gas flow, an exhaust gas flow) having gas molecules that may be desirable to capture. As shown in the illustration, the fluid capture system 12 may include one or more substrates 16. As described herein, the substrate 16 may include a coating formed from a semipermeable material that can bind a particular fluid (i.e., a target fluid 18 or a gas) (e.g., the substrate may be permeable to a particular gas). For example, the coating may be a fluid capture material formed using an adsorbent material and a binder material that can form a crosslinked polymer.

[0048] As described herein, the fluid trapping material can improve the amount and / or stability of the target fluid 18 extracted from the fluid source 14 compared to a specific coating used to extract fluid from the fluid source 14. To illustrate this, Figure 2 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a process 30 for bringing the fluid trapping material into contact with air.

[0049] To initiate process 30, in block 32, an adsorbent-binder material 38 is produced using an adsorbent material 34, a binder material 36, optionally a crosslinking agent 37, and a pore precursor 35. Generally, the use of the adsorbent material 34, binder material 36, optionally a crosslinking agent 37, and pore precursor 35 may involve forming a solution or slurry containing a mixture, e.g., the adsorbent material 34 and binder material 36, and optionally a pore precursor 35, in a suitable solvent capable of dissolving at least a portion of the adsorbent material and / or binder material. Examples of such solvents include, but are not limited to, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, water, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, or any combination thereof (i.e., in the case of a miscible solvent). As discussed herein, the crosslinking agent 37 may include a specific chemical crosslinking agent. Thus, the crosslinking agent 37 may also be added to the mixture of the adsorbent material 34 and the binder material 36. In some embodiments, at least one of the crosslinking agent 37 and the pore precursor 35 may be added after the mixture of the adsorbent material 34 and the binder material 36 has been formed. For example, in embodiments where the binder material 36 is a polymer material, at least one of the crosslinking agent 37 and the pore precursor 35 may be added after a period corresponding to an appropriate degree of polymerization of the binder material 36 (e.g., after the start of polymerization of the binder material 36). However, in certain embodiments, at least one of the crosslinking agent 37 and the pore precursor 35 may be added before the polymerization of the binder material 36 has started.

[0050] The adsorbent material 34 is generally a material capable of adsorbing fluids such as water and / or CO2. In some embodiments, the adsorbent material 34 may include metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and / or covalent organic frameworks (COFs). For example, the adsorbent material may include MOFs, e.g., iron-based MOFs, zirconium-based MOFs (e.g., MOF-808, e.g., MOF-808-Gly), aluminum-based MOFs (e.g., MOF-303, MIL-160), zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), amine-containing MOFs, other MOFs, amine-containing COFs, ZIFs, silica, and others capable of adsorbing the fluids described herein. In some embodiments, the adsorbent material 34 may include polymer resins, silica, zeolites, or combinations thereof.

[0051] The binder material 36 may include one or more oligomer or polymer materials, polymerizable monomer or oligomer materials, or combinations thereof. In at least some examples, the binder material 36 can improve the affinity of the adsorbent material 34 for binding to one or more specific gases and / or improve the stability (e.g., thermal stability) of the adsorbent material 34. In some embodiments, the binder material 36 may include materials that form polymers having thermal stability of about 200°C. In some embodiments, the binder material 36 may include silicon-containing polymers or binders (e.g., siloxanes or silanes, e.g., aminopropylsilsesquioxane, aminoethylaminopropylsilsesquioxane, alkoxysilanes), vinyl polymers (e.g., polyvinyl esters, e.g., polyvinyl acetate; polyvinyl alcohol), and copolymers thereof such as polyvinyl butyral. In some embodiments, the binder material 36 may include polysaccharides (e.g., ethylcellulose, starch, and alkylcellulose), nitrogen-containing polymers (e.g., polyethyleneimine (PEI)). In some embodiments, the binder material 36 may include combinations of the aforementioned polymers (i.e., two, three, four, or more than four polymers). For example, the binder material 36 may be a “hybrid binder mixture.” Where used herein, “hybrid binder mixture” may include mixtures or blends of different types of binder materials, e.g., a mixture of an organic polymer and a silsesquioxane binder, or other combinations of the binder materials described herein. In at least some examples, the binder material 36 may be selected to facilitate the adsorption of a target fluid onto a coating (e.g., a fluid trapping material) produced using the adsorbent material 34. For example, in embodiments where PEI is used as the binder material, PEI may be PEI-low (e.g., about 20,000 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol) W Furthermore, M is approximately 8,000 g / mol to 12,000 g / mol. n ) or PEI-high (e.g., M of about 70,000 g / mol to 80,000 g / mol) WFurthermore, M is approximately 55,000 g / mol to 65,000 g / mol. n ) may include.

[0052] As described herein, the binder material 36 may be a crosslinkable polymer material. That is, it is now recognized that the possibility of decomposition and / or dissolution of the adsorbent material 34 can be reduced by forming a fluid-trapping material in which at least a portion of the polymer portion of the adsorbent-binder material 38 is a crosslinked polymer. Furthermore, by using a crosslinked polymer, the fluid-trapping material can have a relatively large amount of adsorbent material that binds to the target fluid 18, and therefore can have a higher fluid-binding capacity compared to a coating formed without a crosslinked polymer. In other words, conventional techniques combining the adsorbent material 34 and the binder material 36 may result in a fluid-trapping material with a relatively lower fluid-binding capacity compared to the adsorbent material (e.g., due to dilution or knockdown effects). It is now recognized that by crosslinking the binder material 36, it is possible to produce a fluid-trapping coating or fluid-trapping material with a relatively higher binding capacity compared to when the binder material 36 is not crosslinked. Furthermore, the binding capacity of the disclosed fluid-trapping coating or material (i.e., including the crosslinking binder material) can be substantially equal to the binding capacity of the adsorbent material 34 itself (e.g., the adsorbent material 34 in powder form).

[0053] In one embodiment, the binder material 36 includes a self-crosslinkable material. For example, the binder material 36 may include silanol (SiOH) functional groups and / or alkoxysilane (SiOR) functional groups. It should be noted that a binder material 36 containing such functional groups may undergo an intermolecular condensation reaction that crosslinks the binder material 36 upon heating. For example, it is now recognized that amine-containing components (e.g., amine-containing MOFs) can crosslink certain binder materials 36 (e.g., epoxy resins). As another non-limiting example, amine-containing components can crosslink certain Si-O polymer structures such as silsesquioxane, thereby forming a crosslinked Si-O polymer structure (e.g., amine-impregnated silica).

[0054] In one embodiment, the binder material comprises a polyvinyl alcohol polymer. Suitable polyvinyl alcohol polymers include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers and polyvinyl alcohol copolymers. In one embodiment, the binder polymer composition comprises a polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinylamine copolymer (PVA-PVAm) comprising a first crosslinkable functional group and a second crosslinkable functional group. While derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol are suitable for carrying out the present invention, other polymer materials, including but not limited to functionalized polyarylenes containing polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylates, amines, carboxylic acids, amides, hydroxyl moieties, etc., may be used in the binder polymer composition. In one embodiment, the binder polymer composition used for preparing the fluid trapping material comprises at least one polymer having a number average molecular weight greater than about 2500 daltons. In another embodiment, the binder polymer composition used for preparing the fluid trapping material comprises at least one polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of greater than about 2500 daltons to about 500,000 daltons. In yet another embodiment, the binder polymer composition used to prepare the fluid trapping material comprises at least one hydrophilic polymer having a number-average molecular weight in the range of about 75,000 daltons to about 250,000 daltons. The number-average molecular weight is 1It can be determined by various techniques known to those skilled in the art, including 1H-NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0055] As described above, the binder material 36 may include a mixture of crosslinkable polymer materials. For example, the binder material 36 may include a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). For example, the mixture may include 10% by weight of PVA and 90% by weight of PAA, 30% by weight of PVA and 70% by weight of PAA, 50% by weight of PVA and 50% by weight of PAA, 70% by weight of PVA and 30% by weight of PAA, or 90% by weight of PVA and 10% by weight of PAA.

[0056] In some embodiments, the binder material 36 may be dissolved in a solvent to a specific viscosity. For example, in embodiments in which the binder material 36 contains ethylcellulose, the binder material 36 may be contained in a 7-15 cP solution in a 6% toluene-ethanol solution. The resulting slurry, when dissolved in a 1:1 toluene-2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate solvent, may contain 30% solids and 11% binder. In another non-limiting example, in embodiments in which the binder material 36 contains ethylcellulose, the binder material 36 may be contained in a solution of about 300 cP in a 5% toluene-ethanol solution.

[0057] Generally, the amount of crosslinking agent 37 may be less than the amount of binder material 36. In some embodiments, the ratio of crosslinking agent 37 added to binder material 36 to form adsorbent-binder composite material 38 may be less than about 1 / 3, less than about 1 / 4, less than about 1 / 5, or less than about 1 / 6. For example, adsorbent-binder composite material 38 can be formed by combining a 10% by mass solution of binder material 36 with a 2% by mass solution of crosslinking agent 37 (i.e., the ratio of crosslinking agent 37 to binder material 36 is 1 / 5).

[0058] It should be noted that in at least some examples, the crosslinking agent 37 can also be the binder material 36. That is, the crosslinking agent 37 can be a polymer that can be crosslinked. For example, PAA can be used as a crosslinking agent for PVA.

[0059] As described herein, the crosslinking agent 37 crosslinks the binder material 36. In some embodiments, the degree of crosslinking (i.e., crosslinking density, which refers to the density of chains or segments connecting two parts of the polymer network, rather than the density of crosslinked bonds) may be greater than 10%, greater than 20%, greater than 30%, greater than 40%, greater than 50%, greater than 60%, greater than 70%, greater than 80%, or greater than 90%.

[0060] With respect to the adsorbent-binder material 38 (for example, an adsorbent-binder composite), the amounts of the binder material 36 and the adsorbent material 34 may be such that the adsorbent-binder material 38 contains less than 50% binder material, less than 40% binder material, less than 30% binder material, less than 20% binder material 36, less than 15% binder material 36, or less than 10% binder material 36.

[0061] A wide variety of crosslinking agents can be used to react with the binder, and these crosslinking agents may be monomers, oligomers, polymers, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent 37 may include chemical crosslinking agents, such as epoxy or anhydrous compounds. In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent 37 may include one or more materials, such as nanoparticles, micron-sized particles, or larger-sized particles, or molecular precursors that can form particles. For example, the crosslinking agent may include silica particles, such as colloidal silica, or tetraalkoxysilanes that can form silica particles. In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent 37 may include particles having different size distributions. That is, the crosslinking agent 37 may include particles with a first size distribution and a second size distribution. For example, the crosslinking agent 37 may have a micron-sized distribution. In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent 37 may have a nano-sized distribution and a micron-sized distribution (i.e., a bimodal size distribution). In at least some examples, a bimodal size distribution can improve abrasion resistance. In embodiments in which the crosslinking agent 37 includes particles having different size distributions, the mixture of particles may vary. For example, the mixture may contain nano-sized particles such as 10% by weight, 20% by weight, 30% by weight, 40% by weight, 50% by weight, 60% by weight, and 70% by weight, and micron-sized particles such as 90% by weight, 80% by weight, 70% by weight, 60% by weight, 50% by weight, 40% by weight, and 30% by weight. In embodiments in which the crosslinking agent 37 contains particles (e.g., micron-sized particles, nanoparticles, or larger particles), the particles may have a distribution of shape. For example, the crosslinking agent 37 may contain micron-sized particles that are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% spherical. In at least some examples, combinations of particle shape (e.g., spherical) and different size distributions can improve the properties of the resulting fluid-trapping material discussed herein.

[0062] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent 37 includes functional groups that are susceptible to the formation of free radicals resulting from exposure to high-energy irradiation (e.g., ultraviolet or electron beam) and / or heat. Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure of free radicals determines their reactivity, and that the structure of the crosslinking agent can be selected to increase or decrease the level of chemical reactivity of free radicals generated from such crosslinkable functional groups under irradiation or heat exposure. In one embodiment, the crosslinking agent includes functional groups that can form secondary or tertiary aliphatic or alicyclic radicals. In another alternative embodiment, the crosslinking agent includes functional groups that can form aromatic radicals, such as benzyl radicals. Other crosslinkable functional groups include methacrylates, acrylates, acrylamides, vinyl ketones, styrenes, vinyl ethers, vinyl groups, allyl groups, benzyl groups, and groups containing tertiary carbon-hydrogen bonds, such as isobutyl groups.

[0063] Suitable crosslinking agents 37 include, but are not limited to, methacrylates, acrylates, and vinyl ketone reagents. When exposed to high-energy irradiation or heat, these reagents can be covalently bonded to the binder material or form crosslinked polymers by themselves. For example, suitable crosslinking agents include, but are not limited to, reagent acryloyl chloride, (2E)-2-butenoyl chloride, maleic anhydride, 2(5H)-furanone, methyl acrylate, 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one, ethyl acrylate, methyl crotonate, allyl acrylate, vinyl crotonate, 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, methacrylic anhydride, methacryloyl chloride, glycidyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl acryloyl chloride, 3-methylenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 3-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, methyl 2-methyl acrylate, methyl trans 2-methoxyacrylate, citraconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, methyl(2E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate, ethyl 2-methyl acrylate, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, and dimethyl maleic acid. This includes anhydride, allyl 2-methyl acrylate, ethyl(2E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate, ethyl 2-ethyl acrylate, methyl(2E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate, 2-hydroxyethyl 2-methyl acrylate, methyl 2-(1-hydroxyethyl) acrylate, 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(diethoxymethylsilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-(trichlorosilyl)propyl 2-methyl acrylate, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl 2-methyl acrylate, 3-tris(trimethylsiloxy)silylpropyl methacrylate, 6-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta(c)furan-1,3(4H)-dione, methyl 2-cyano-3-methylcrotonate, trans-2,3-dimethylacrylic acid, and N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide.

[0064] Suitable vinyl and allyl reagents that can function as crosslinking agents include, but are not limited to, allyl bromide, allyl chloride, diketene, 5-methylenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 3-methylenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, and 4-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone.

[0065] Suitable isocyanate reagents that can function as crosslinking agents include, but are not limited to, vinyl isocyanate, allyl isocyanate, furfuryl isocyanate, 1-ethyl-4-isocyanatobenzene, 1-ethyl-3-isocyanatobenzene, 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-3-methylbenzene, 1-isocyanato-3,5-dimethylbenzene, 1-bromo-2-isocyanatoethane, (2-isocyanatoethyl)benzene, 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-4-methylbenzene, 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-3-methylbenzene, and 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-2-methylbenzene.

[0066] Suitable styrene-based reagents that can function as crosslinking agents include, but are not limited to, 3-vinylbenzaldehyde, 4-vinylbenzaldehyde, 4-vinylbenzyl chloride, trans-cinnamoyl chloride, phenylmaleic anhydride, and 4-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2(5H)-furanone.

[0067] Suitable epoxide reagents that can function as crosslinking agents 37 include, but are not limited to, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl vinyl ether, 2-(3-butenyl)oxirane, 3-vinyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, and limonene oxide.

[0068] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent 37 may contain a plurality (e.g., two, three, or four or more) different types of functional groups that can promote the formation of the fluid-trapping material 44. Generally, the crosslinking agent 37 may contain a first functional group that reacts with the binder material 36 and a second functional group that can be crosslinked. For example, the crosslinking agent 37 may contain an anhydride functional group and an acrylate functional group, an epoxide functional group and an acrylate functional group, an isocyanate functional group and a methacrylate functional group, and so on. As an unrestricted example, the binder material 36 may contain poly(vinyl alcohol), and the crosslinking agent 37 may contain 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (2-IEM) containing both an isocyanate functional group and a methacrylate functional group. As another unrestricted example, the binder material 36 may contain poly(vinyl butyral), and the crosslinking agent 37 may contain 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl-trimethoxysilane.

[0069] In general, the pore precursor 35 may be any suitable pore precursor known in the art that facilitates the system according to this disclosure. As used herein, “pore precursor” is a precursor material provided to the fluid trapping material 44, which is removed from the fluid trapping material 44, leaving at least one pore in its place. The pore precursor allows control of the porosity of the fluid trapping material 44, resulting in improved porosity. Improved porosity then leads to improved diffusion of gas into or within the fluid trapping material 44.

[0070] Improvements in porosity can be in the form of at least one of the following: an increase in average porosity, an increase in porosity near the substrate, an increase in porosity near the interface between the air and fluid trapping material 44, and an increase in porosity near the edges of the fluid trapping material 44.

[0071] The improvement in porosity is provided by at least one pore formed from the pore precursor. The at least one pore has a size and shape sufficient for improved gas diffusion.

[0072] The useful size and shape of the pores depend on the film thickness, adsorbent size, adsorbent shape, and other relevant factors. In some embodiments, at least one pore has an average cross-sectional area ranging from about 5 μm to about 500 μm.

[0073] In some embodiments, at least one pore has an average cross-sectional shape selected from the group consisting of symmetrical, asymmetrical, amorphous, spherical, cylindrical, cubic, octahedral, needle-like, and combinations thereof.

[0074] In some embodiments, improving porosity leads to a decrease in film density.

[0075] In general, porosity can be measured according to any suitable means known in the art. In some embodiments, porosity is measured by ellipsometry. The porosity percentage in a MOF thin film can be calculated according to the following formula:

number

[0076] In some embodiments, the pore precursor is selected from the group consisting of waxes, salts, non-reactive gas-generating species, thermally unstable polymers, and combinations thereof.

[0077] In some embodiments, the pore precursor has an average cross-sectional shape selected from the group consisting of symmetrical, asymmetrical, amorphous, spherical, cylindrical, cubic, octahedral, acicular, and combinations thereof.

[0078] In some embodiments, the pore precursor is non-reactive. The non-reactive pore precursor does not react with the binder material 36, the adsorbent-binder material 38, or the crosslinking agent 37. If the pore precursor reacts with any of the binder material 36, the adsorbent-binder material 38, or the crosslinking agent 37, it becomes impossible to remove them from the fluid trapping material 44.

[0079] In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a wax with low viscosity, which melts upon heating and flows out of the fluid trapping material 44 without assistance.

[0080] In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a modified wax. In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a wax modified with a block copolymer. The modified wax is modified in size or shape compared to the unmodified wax.

[0081] In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a wax insoluble in the slurry or solvent blend according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a wax soluble in the slurry or solvent blend, thereby causing phase separation of the wax upon drying. In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a wax selected from the group consisting of dicetyl fumarate, paraffin, dimethyl eicosanedioate, and combinations thereof.

[0082] In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a solvent-soluble salt. By coating the fluid trapping material 44 containing the salt with a solvent, the salt dissolves in the solvent and flows out of the fluid trapping material 44.

[0083] In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a non-reactive gas-producing species, which is selected from the group consisting of N-2, CO2, H2, and combinations thereof.

[0084] In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a non-reactive gas-generating species selected from the group consisting of azo-containing compounds, azobisisobutyronitrile ([(CH3)2C(CN)]2N2), carbamate salts, β-ketocarboxylic acids, and combinations thereof.

[0085] Generally, the pore precursor can be any suitable β-ketocarboxylic acid known in the art that facilitates the functionalized adsorbents described herein. In some embodiments, the pore precursor is a β-ketocarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acetoacetic acid, malonic acid, disodium malonate, disodium malonate monohydrate, lithium acetoacetate, methylmalonic acid, monomethyl malonate, methylpotassium malonate, 1,3-acetonedicarboxylic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, methyl acetoacetate, monoethyl malonate, ethylpotassium malonate, ethylmalonic acid, oxaloacetic acid, monotert-butyl malonate, butylmalonic acid, diethylmalonic acid, cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid, cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid, dihydroxyfumaric acid hydrate, cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid, (1S)-(+)-ketopic acid, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone, 2-oxo-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0086] In some embodiments, one or more additives can be added to form the adsorbent-binding material 38. For example, the additives may include dispersants to promote suspension formation, such as anionic dispersants, cationic dispersants, nonionic dispersants, defoamers, wetting agents, adhesion promoters, or any combination thereof. For example, a suitable anionic dispersant may include polymer alkoxylates or phosphate esters. For example, a suitable nonionic dispersant may include polyurethane. For example, a suitable cationic dispersant may include polyoxyethylene fatty ammonium sulfate. In general, the amount of dispersant added may be less than the amount of the binding material 36. For example, the adsorbent-binding material 38 may contain 10% by weight of the binding material 36 and 0.5% by weight of a dispersant, 1% by weight of a dispersant, or more than 1% by weight of a dispersant. As another non-limiting example, the adsorbent-binding material 38 may contain 15% by weight of the binding material 36 and 1% by weight of a dispersant, 3% by weight of a dispersant, or more than 5% by weight of a dispersant. As another non-limiting example, the adsorbent-binding material 38 may comprise 13% by weight of the binding material 36 and 1% by weight of the dispersant, 3% by weight of the dispersant, or more than 5% by weight of the dispersant. For example, in an exemplary adsorbent-binding material 38 where the binding material 36 is aminopropylsilsesquioxane, the binding material 36 may be formed using a binding solution having 13% binding and 2% dispersant. The dispersant may be polyethyleneimine (PEI), for example, PEI-low (e.g., about 20,000-25,000 g / mol M W And approximately 8,000 to 12,000 M n ) or PEI-high (e.g., M2 of approximately 70,000-80,000 g / mol) W And approximately 55,000 to 65,000 M n ) may include.

[0087] In block 40, the adsorbent-binder material 38 is deposited, coated, and formed integrally with the substrate 16 (e.g., during manufacturing) or otherwise bonded to form the fluid-trapping coating substrate 42. In some embodiments, the substrate may include a specific metal substrate (e.g., aluminum, titanium) or a 3D printed metal substrate. For example, the substrate 16 may include a fluid contactor having a metal surface. In some embodiments, the substrate 16 includes a metal alloy (e.g., Inconel or stainless steel). As referred to herein, “fluid contactor” or “direct fluid contactor” refers to a structure configured to receive a fluid flow, and the structure may include porous and / or semi-porous materials so that a portion of the fluid flow can permeate the fluid contactor. In some embodiments, the fluid flow may include ambient air flow. In some embodiments, the fluid flow may include flue gas flow or exhaust gas flow from a power generation device (e.g., a gas turbine). Thus, the binder material 36 can be selected to have a relatively high bond to the metal surface.

[0088] In some embodiments, the substrate 16 may be a polymer or polymer composite. Polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, polystyrene, substituted polystyrene, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyacrylonitrile), polyamides, polyesters, polysulfones, polyethers, acrylic and methacrylic polymers, polystyrene, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyesters (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate esters, polybutylene terephthalate esters), polyethersulfones, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfones, cellulosic polymers, polyphenylene oxides, polyamides (e.g., nylon, polyphenylene terephthalamide), and combinations of two or more of the aforementioned polymers can be used as substrates. Fluoropolymers that can be used as substrates include, but are not limited to, ePTFE, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP), poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropyl vinyl ether) (PFA), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP)), and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF).

[0089] Generally, depositing an adsorbent-binder material 38 onto a substrate 16 may include curing the adsorbent-binder material 38 containing a crosslinking agent 37, thereby forming a fluid-trapping material 44 or coating which is a polymer-adsorbent composite material. In other words, the fluid-trapping material 44 refers to an adsorbent-binder material 38 in which the binder material 36 is crosslinked by one or more crosslinking agents 37. As described herein, crosslinking of the adsorbent-binder material 38 may provide a material and / or coating (i.e., fluid-trapping material 44) with relatively high structural integrity compared to when the adsorbent-binder material 38 is not crosslinked. Furthermore, crosslinking the adsorbent-binder material 38 can provide a material and / or coating with relatively high binding ability to fluids.

[0090] It should be noted that in at least some examples, the adsorbent-binder material 38 may be deposited multiple times on the substrate 16. It is now recognized that in at least some examples, the deposition of relatively thick layers (e.g., more than 1 mm, more than 2 mm, or more than 5 mm) may cause the fluid trapping material 44 (e.g., fluid trapping material or fluid trapping coating) to have one or more cracks. Therefore, to facilitate the reduction, prevention, or mitigation of cracks (e.g., mud cracking), it may be advantageous to deposit multiple layers to ultimately form a fluid trapping material 44 having a desired thickness (e.g., 0.1 mm to 0.9 mm, 1.1 mm to 1.3 mm, 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm). For example, the fluid trapping material 44 may consist of three layers and have a total thickness of 1.2 mm. In another non-limiting example, the fluid trapping material may consist of six layers and have a total thickness of 3 mm. For example, to deposit multiple layers, process 30 includes depositing a first amount of adsorbent-binder material 38, curing the first amount of adsorbent-binder material to form a first layer, and repeating the process one or more times to form one or more additional layers, thereby forming a fluid-trapping material having multiple (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) layers. In some embodiments, the first layer of the fluid-trapping material 44 may be pre-wetted before adding a second layer. Generally, pre-wetting involves providing the first layer with a suitable solvent such as toluene, ethanol, water, or a combination thereof. After pre-wetting the first layer, a second layer can be formed on top of the pre-wetted first layer. Generally, the second layer can be formed in substantially the same manner as described with respect to the first layer.

[0091] In some embodiments, the total thickness of the fluid trapping material or coating may be less than 1 mm. For example, the total thickness may be 0.1 mm to 0.9 mm, 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm, 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm, or 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, each layer of the fluid trapping material 44 may have the same thickness, and the thickness formed for each layer is total thickness / n (as described with respect to Figure 2, for example), where "n" is the number of layers to be formed. In some embodiments, one or more layers of the fluid trapping material 44 may have different thicknesses. For example, each layer formed later may have a thinner thickness than the preceding layer. Alternatively, each layer formed later may have a thicker thickness than the preceding layer.

[0092] As described herein, the fluid trapping material 44 can be deposited on one or more surfaces of a substrate 16, for example, an air ductor. To illustrate this, Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a substrate 16 containing the fluid trapping material 44 (i.e., a fluid trapping coated substrate 42). In the illustrated embodiment, the substrate 16 is a material formed using lamination printing. Furthermore, as shown in the illustration, the fluid trapping material 44 includes one or more channels 46 that are generally permeable to a portion of the fluid trapping material 44. Generally, the adsorbent material 34 may form a porous material. Therefore, one or more channels 46 may also be formed within the fluid trapping material 44.

[0093] As shown in the figure, each channel 46 generally includes a wall 48 to which a fluid trapping material 44 is bonded. Therefore, the gas flow passing through the channels of the fluid trapping coating substrate 42 can come into contact with the fluid trapping material 44, and thus can facilitate the bonding of the target fluid (e.g., CO2) with the fluid trapping material 44.

[0094] In block 41, the pore precursor 35 is removed from the fluid trapping material 44 41, forming at least one pore within the fluid trapping material 44. Generally, the pore precursor 35 can be removed from the fluid trapping material 44 by any suitable means known in the art that facilitate the system according to the present disclosure 41. In some embodiments, the pore precursor 35 is removed from the fluid trapping material 44 by techniques selected from the group consisting of heating, washing, solvent extraction, and combinations thereof 41.

[0095] As described herein, the disclosed fluid trapping material 44 may have relatively high fluid binding capacity (e.g., water and / or CO2 binding capacity). Table 1 shows the results for the CO2 binding capacity of specific substrates coated with the fluid trapping material 44. Generally, the fluid trapping material 44 corresponding to Table 1 was coated on a 2-inch × 2-inch surface using a doctor blade. Using Inconel 718 coupons, the CO2 trapping performance (e.g., CO2 binding capacity) at 0.04 kPa was evaluated. Samplings of the MOF-binder composite were evaluated in an aluminum weighing dish to establish film curing conditions, preliminary structural integrity of the film, and ambient adsorption measurements. An exemplary process for coating the coupon with a slurry (i.e., adsorbent-binder material 38) involves mixing MOF powder (i.e., adsorbent material 34) with a suitable binder material 36, wetting agent, additives, and solvent in a container. The mixture can be vortexed for 1-2 minutes and then sonicated in an ultrasonic bath at 72 kHz for 20 minutes. Next, the slurry is coated onto the substrate 16 using a doctor blade with an appropriate gap (10-50 mil, 254-1270 μm) and dried under ambient conditions. For coating aluminum dishes, the slurry may be added to the dish using a plastic pipette, the dish may be tilted to cover the bottom, and dried under ambient conditions. Once dry, the dish or coupon is cured and activated under appropriate conditions.

[0096] As described herein, fluid trapping materials can be functionalized. To illustrate this, Figure 9 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a process 50 for functionalizing a fluid trapping material.

[0097] In process 50, the fluid trapping material 44 coated on the substrate 16 is functionalized with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group 45. The fluid trapping material 44 is coated onto the substrate 16 in a pre-formed film. The fluid trapping material 44 is typically unfunctionalized or requires further functionalization or restoration of functionalization.

[0098] Process 50 offers several significant advantages compared to conventional functionalization methods, including, but not limited to, simplification of the amine loading process for creating new functionalized coatings, separation of amine functionalization from composite formation (enabling aqueous fluid-trapping materials), and readjustment or restoration of aging fluid-trapping materials to extend their lifespan and performance. Furthermore, Process 50 avoids known problems with amine functionalization, including sensitivity to heat, oxygen, moisture, and at least one of amine leaching in the solvent during slurry preparation.

[0099] In general, fluid trapping materials can be functionalized according to any suitable functionalization means known in the art. In some embodiments, functionalizing a fluid trapping material with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group involves receiving at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group in the fluid trapping material. In some embodiments, the at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group is received in the form of a solution or a gas.

[0100] In some embodiments, functionalizing a fluid-trapping material with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group involves functionalizing the fluid-trapping material with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group by a technique selected from the group consisting of solution impregnation, gas phase penetration and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the functionalization of the fluid-trapping material can be carried out under ambient pressure, positive pressure, or vacuum. In some embodiments, functionalizing a fluid-trapping material with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group involves immersion in a solution containing at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group.

[0101] In some embodiments, the fluid trapping material is not functionalized before the fluid trapping material is functionalized with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group.

[0102] In some embodiments, the fluid trapping material is at least partially functionalized at least once before functionalizing the fluid trapping material with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group. In these embodiments, functionalizing the fluid trapping material with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group can at least partially refresh the previous functionalization of the fluid trapping material. In some embodiments, the fluid trapping material is washed before functionalization to at least partially remove the previous functionalization.

[0103] In general, fluid trapping materials can be functionalized at any suitable functionalization known in the art. In some embodiments, the fluid trapping material is functionalized immediately after it is coated onto a substrate. In some embodiments, the fluid trapping material is functionalized immediately after it has cured on the substrate. In some embodiments, the fluid trapping material is functionalized after the system has been used for fluid trapping.

[0104] In general, fluid trapping materials can be functionalized at any suitable functionalization location known in the art. In some embodiments, the fluid trapping material is functionalized at a location selected from the group consisting of the place of use, a remote repair facility, and a combination thereof.

[0105] Further aspects of this disclosure are provided by the subject matter of the following clauses.

[0106] 1. Circuit board and, A fluid trapping material formed on one or more surfaces of a substrate and A method for functionalizing a system including, This involves functionalizing a fluid trapping material with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group. method.

[0107] 2. The method of the preceding section, wherein functionalizing a fluid trapping material with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group comprises accepting at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group into the fluid trapping material.

[0108] 3. Any method from the preceding section, wherein at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group is received in the form of a solution or a gas.

[0109] 4. Any method of the preceding section, wherein the functionalization of a fluid-trapping material with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group is performed by a technique selected from the group consisting of solution impregnation, gas phase penetration, and combinations thereof, wherein the technique is performed at a pressure selected from the group consisting of ambient pressure, positive pressure, vacuum pressure, and combinations thereof.

[0110] 5. Any method of the preceding section wherein the fluid trapping material is not functionalized before the fluid trapping material is functionalized with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group.

[0111] 6. Any method of the preceding section, wherein the fluid trapping material is at least partially functionalized at least once before functionalizing the fluid trapping material with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group.

[0112] 7. Any method according to a preceding section, wherein the fluid trapping material comprises at least one adsorbent selected from the group consisting of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and combinations thereof.

[0113] 8. The fluid trapping material is An adsorbent material configured to bind one or more fluids, including water, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, alcohols, or combinations thereof, One or more binder materials which may be at least partially crosslinked Includes, The fluid trapping material may contain at least one pore. Any of the methods described in the preceding section.

[0114] 9. To provide an adsorbent material configured to bind one or more fluids, including water, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, alcohols, or combinations thereof, To provide one or more binder materials, which may contain components capable of forming crosslinked polymers, In some cases, a crosslinking agent may be provided, In some cases, to provide a pore precursor, Producing an adsorbent-binder material based on an adsorbent material, one or more binder materials, optionally a crosslinking agent, and optionally a pore precursor, Applying an adsorbent-binder material to the substrate, Forming a fluid trapping material using an adsorbent-binder material coated on a substrate, In some cases, the pore precursor is removed to form at least one pore in the fluid trapping material, The fluid trapping material is functionalized with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group. Methods that include...

[0115] 10. Forming a fluid trapping material Forming a first layer of fluid trapping material using an adsorbent-binding material, Depending on the circumstances, the first layer may be pre-wetted, Forming a second layer on top of a pre-wetted first layer The method of the preceding clause, including the method of the preceding clause.

[0116] 11. Any method of the preceding section wherein one or more binder materials include a first binder material and a second binder material, and the first binder material is different from the second binder material.

[0117] 12. Any method according to the preceding section, wherein providing one or more binder materials comprises providing a first amount of one or more binder materials, and providing a crosslinking agent comprises providing a second amount of the crosslinking agent, wherein the ratio of the second amount to the first amount is less than 1 / 3, preferably less than 1 / 4.

[0118] 13. A system, circuit board and A fluid trapping material formed on one or more surfaces of a substrate, Adsorbent materials configured to bind one or more fluids, including water, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, alcohols, or combinations thereof, and One or more binder materials, which may be at least partially crosslinked. fluid trapping material and Includes, The fluid trapping material may contain at least one pore. The adsorbent material is functionalized with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group. system.

[0119] 14. The system of the preceding section, wherein the fluid trapping material contains one or more binder materials in less than 15% by weight.

[0120] 15. Any system of the preceding sections in which the adsorbent material includes a metal-organic frame (MOF), a covalent-organic frame (COF), a polymer resin, silica, a zeolite, or a combination thereof.

[0121] 16. Any system from the preceding section, comprising a crosslinking agent, wherein the binder material is at least partially crosslinked with the crosslinking agent, and the crosslinking agent comprises one or more of the following: methacrylate reagents, acrylate reagents, vinyl ketone reagents, vinyl reagents, or allyl reagents.

[0122] 17. Any system of the preceding section, wherein one or more binder materials include vinyl polymer, starch, alkylcellulose, or a combination thereof.

[0123] 18. Any system from the preceding section in which the fluid trapping material has a thickness of 0.1 to 3.5 mm.

[0124] 19. Any system from the preceding section, wherein the fluid trapping material contains less than 20% by weight of the binder material.

[0125] 20. Any system from the preceding section in which the substrate is a fluid contactor. [Examples]

[0126] Without further detail, it is expected that those skilled in the art using the foregoing description will be able to make the most of the present invention. Therefore, the following examples should be construed as merely illustrative and not in any way limiting the present disclosure. The starting materials for the following examples do not necessarily have to be prepared by the specific preparation procedures described in the other examples. Furthermore, any numerical ranges listed herein should be understood to include all values ​​from the lower to the upper values. For example, if the range is stated as 10 to 50, it is intended that values ​​such as 12 to 30, 20 to 40, or 30 to 50 are explicitly listed herein. These are merely examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numbers between the listed lowest and highest values ​​should be considered as explicitly stated in this application.

[0127] fluid trapping material

[0128] [Table 1]

[0129] Table 1 shows examples of fluid trapping materials 44 that can be used to trap CO2. Generally, Table 1 shows the CO2-holding capacity of a control (e.g., Example 1) compared to a sample containing fluid trapping material 44 formed using an adsorbent material (i.e., MOF-808-Gly) and a crosslinkable binder material (e.g., Examples 2 and 3). More specifically, Example 1 contains the adsorbent material MOF-808-Gly in powder form, not deposited on a coupon. The CO2-holding capacity of Example 1 is 0.3 mmol / g for 400 ppm CO2 in N2 at 20°C and 20% RH.

[0130] Examples 2 and 3 show fluid trapping materials 44 formed using an adsorbent material and a finally crosslinked binder material. More specifically, Example 2 is a fluid trapping material 44 having an adsorbent material 34 (e.g., MOF-808-Gly) and a crosslinkable binder material 36 (e.g., aminopropylsilsesquioxane). To prepare Example 2, a slurry was prepared by mixing 2.44 g of a 25% aqueous solution of aminopropylsilsesquioxane, 17.6 g of deionized water, 0.12 g of Triton® X-100, and 5.1 g of MOF-808-Gly. After mixing, the slurry was coated onto a 2-inch x 2-inch Inconel coupon, dried, and cured overnight under vacuum at 120°C. A high-quality coating was obtained that had an equilibrium CO2 absorption rate (e.g., CO2 storage capacity) of 0.37 mmol / g when exposed to 400 ppm CO2 in a N2 gas stream at 20°C and 20% RH.

[0131] Example 3 is a fluid-capturing material 44 having an adsorbent material 34 (e.g., MOF-808-Gly), a binder material 36 (e.g., PVA), and a crosslinking agent 37 (e.g., PAA). To prepare Example 3, a slurry was prepared by mixing 1.55 g of aqueous solutions of 15% PVA (e.g., 88% hydrolyzed) and 3% PAA, 5.2 g of deionized water, approximately 3 mg of Triton® X-100, and 2.5 g of MOF-808-Gly. After mixing, the slurry was coated onto a 2-inch x 2-inch Inconel coupon, dried, and cured overnight under vacuum at 125°C. A fluid-capturing material was obtained that recorded a 3B in the ASTM D3359-17 adhesion test and had an equilibrium CO2 absorption of 0.38 mmol / g when exposed to 400 ppm CO2 in a N2 gas stream at 20°C and 75% RH. In general, Examples 2 and 3 demonstrate that two crosslinking aqueous binder formulations, used together with MOF-808-Gly, are used to form a fluid trapping material 44 having approximately the same CO2 binding capacity as Example 1. Furthermore, the fluid trapping materials of Examples 2 and 3 exhibit good adhesion to the substrate.

[0132] In some embodiments, the fluid trapping material 44 may be formed using a non-aqueous solvent. For example, another embodiment of the fluid trapping material 44 (i.e., Example 4) generally comprises an adsorbent material 34 (e.g., MOF-808-Gly) and a crosslinkable silicon-containing binder material 36. First, 1.2 mL of a methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) solution containing 0.2 g / mL of SPR100 was mixed in a vial with 94 mg of disilanol PDS-1615, 53 μL of alkoxysilane SIB1140.0 and 69 mg of Hypermer™-KD1. Separately, 3.0 g of MOF-808-Gly was mixed with 5 mL of isopropanol (IPA). The SPR100-containing solution was added to the MOF-808-Gly / IPA suspension. The SPR100 vial was rinsed with 2 × 0.5 mL of MEK and added to the combined mixture. The slurry was further diluted with 2 mL of IPA to obtain a viscosity suitable for coating. Next, 38 μL of trihexylamine was added to this slurry, and a 2-inch x 2-inch Inconel coupon was coated with the mixture, dried, and cured at 90°C under vacuum for 1 hour. A high-quality coating was obtained, recording 4A in the ASTM D3359-17 adhesion test.

[0133] As described above, the fluid trapping material 44 may be capable of trapping water in certain embodiments. Several embodiments of the fluid trapping material 44 according to this disclosure, as well as the performance of such fluid trapping material 44, are described below.

[0134] A first embodiment of the water-bonded fluid-trapping material 44 may comprise an adsorbent material 34 (i.e., MOF-303), a binder material 36 (i.e., PVA), and a crosslinking agent (i.e., PAA) deposited on a metal substrate. More specifically, a first embodiment of the water-bonded fluid-trapping material 44 may be prepared by forming a slurry by mixing 0.56 g of aqueous solutions of 15% poly(vinyl alcohol) [PVA, 88% hydrolyzed] and 3% poly(acrylic acid) [PAA], 2.0 g of deionized water, approximately 3 mg of AGITAN 351, 1.0 g of MOF-303, and 0.02 g of Tergitol 15-S-7. After mixing, the slurry was coated onto a 2-inch x 2-inch Inconel coupon and cured overnight at 125°C. A high-quality coating was obtained that adhered well and had an equilibrium water absorption of 26–28% by weight when tested in a humidity chamber set to 20% RH and 25°C.

[0135] A second embodiment of the water-bonded fluid-trapping material 44 comprises an adsorbent material 34 (e.g., MOF-303), a binder material 36 (e.g., PVA), and a crosslinking agent (e.g., PAA) deposited on a glass-filled nylon coupon (e.g., a glass-filled nylon substrate). More specifically, the second embodiment of the water-bonded fluid-trapping material 44 can be prepared by forming a slurry similar to that described with respect to the first embodiment of the water-bonded fluid-trapping material 44 above, and coating the slurry onto a 2-inch × 2-inch glass-filled polyamide (PA12) nylon coupon. The coating sample was dried at room temperature and then cured overnight at 120°C. After cooling to room temperature, the sample was immersed in water to release air bubbles, then lightly tapped and dried. A second layer of slurry was then coated in the same manner as before. This process was repeated further. After final curing at 120°C, the weight of the coating was 0.9216 g and it adhered well to the substrate. The equilibrium water absorption at 20% RH / 25℃ was 28% by weight.

[0136] A third embodiment of the water-bonded fluid trapping material 44 comprises a plurality of binder materials 36. For example, the third embodiment of the water-bonded fluid trapping material 44 may include binder materials 36 such as PVA, PAA, and poly(methyl / phenylsilsesquioxane). More specifically, the third embodiment of the water-bonded fluid trapping material 44 can be prepared by mixing 1.78 g of an aqueous solution of 7.5% PVA [80% hydrolyzed] and 1.5% PAA with 3.5 g of deionized water, 0.02 g of DISPERBYK 190, approximately 3 mg of AGITAN 351, and 2.0 g of MOF-303. A solution of 0.08 g of Wacker MP-50E silicone emulsion diluted with 0.5 g of deionized water was added to this mixture. After mixing, a 2-inch x 2-inch glass-filled PA12 nylon coupon was coated with the slurry. After drying at room temperature, the sample was cured at 120°C for 4 hours. After cooling, the sample was immersed in water to release air bubbles, lightly tapped to dry, and then coated with another slurry layer. The drying / curing process was then repeated as described above. Subsequently, two more layers of slurry were coated on top of the first two layers using the same procedure. The weight of the dried / cured coating at the end of this process was 1.4946 g. The coating adhered well and there were no cracks. The equilibrium water absorption at 20% RH / 25°C was 31-32% by weight.

[0137] A fourth example of the water-bonded fluid trapping material 44 includes an adsorbent material 34, e.g., MIL-160. To prepare the fourth example of the water-bonded fluid trapping material, 2.44 g of an aqueous solution of 13.5% PVA [88% hydrolysis] and 4.5% PAA was mixed with 5.9 g of deionized water, 0.040 g of DISPERBYK 190, 0.030 g of AGITAN 351, 4.34 g of MIL-160, and 0.050 g of Tergitol 15-S-7. After mixing, a 2-inch x 2-inch Inconel coupon was coated with the slurry. The sample was dried overnight at room temperature, then at 120°C. After cooling, the sample was immersed in water to release bubbles, then lightly tapped and dried. A second layer of the slurry was applied as described above and cured. The second layer did not adhere to the first layer and was subsequently peeled off.

[0138] A fifth embodiment of the water-bonded fluid trapping material 44 comprises multiple binder materials 36, e.g., silicon-containing binder materials, PVA, and PAA. It is now recognized that the use of hybrid binder materials 36 (i.e., two, three, four, or five or more different or distinct binder materials) can improve the adhesion properties of the fluid trapping material 44 or the layer to the substrate and / or the adhesion properties of each layer of a multilayer coating. To prepare the fifth embodiment of the water-bonded fluid trapping material, 8.0 g of aqueous solutions of 7.5% PVA [80% hydrolyzed] and 1.5% PAA was mixed with 9.0 g of deionized water, 0.10 g of DISPERBYK 2055, 0.015 g of AGITAN 351, and 8.0 g of MIL-160. To this, a solution of 0.08 g of Wacker MP-50E silicone emulsion diluted with 2.0 g of deionized water was added. After mixing, this slurry was used to coat a small Inconel heat exchanger. After drying at room temperature, the sample was cured at 120°C for 2 hours. After cooling, the sample was immersed in water to release air bubbles, lightly tapped to dry, and then coated with another slurry layer. The drying / curing process was then repeated as described above. Finally, the third layer was applied as described above. After final curing overnight at 120°C, a 3.1 g well-adhered coating was obtained. The equilibrium water absorption at 20% RH / 25°C was 30-32% by weight.

[0139] It is further recognized that crosslinking the composite coating can improve the structural integrity of the fluid-trapping material 44 or the coating. To illustrate the improvement in structural integrity based on the addition of a crosslinking agent 37, two compositions of adsorbent material 34 and binder material 36 were prepared. The first composition is made of the disclosed fluid-trapping material 44 and is therefore formed by crosslinking the binder material 36 (i.e., by the addition of PAA). In the second composition, the binder material 36 is not crosslinked (i.e., no PAA was added). To prepare the first composition, a slurry was prepared by mixing 0.56 g of aqueous solutions of 13.5% poly(vinyl alcohol) [PVA, 88% hydrolyzed] and 4.5% poly(acrylic acid) [PAA], 1.4 g of deionized water, 0.02 g of DISPERBYK 190, and 1.0 g of MIL-160. After mixing, the slurry was coated onto a 1-inch x 1-inch Inconel coupon, dried at room temperature, and cured overnight in a vacuum oven at 125°C. The coupon was cooled to room temperature in a vacuum desiccator and then rapidly weighed. It was then immersed in 10 mL of deionized water and placed in a 90°C oven for 2 hours. At the end of this time, the coupon was removed and dried at 90°C for 1 hour, followed by 2 hours in a vacuum oven at 125°C. Finally, the sample was cooled in a vacuum desiccator and reweighed as before. The weights were: (1) uncoated coupon: 5.0038 g, (2) coated coupon after curing: 5.3206 g (i.e., coating weight was 0.3168 g), (3) coated coupon after water immersion / drying: 5.3087 g (i.e., coating weight was 0.3049 g), and (4) coating weight retained after water immersion: 96.2%.

[0140] To prepare the second composition (i.e., prepared without the use of crosslinking agent 37), a slurry was prepared by mixing 0.67 g of an aqueous solution of 15% poly(vinyl alcohol) [PVA, 88% hydrolyzed], 1.3 g of deionized water, 0.02 g of DISPERBYK 190, and 1.0 g of MIL-160. After mixing, the slurry was coated onto a 1 inch x 1 inch Inconel coupon, dried at room temperature, and cured overnight in a vacuum oven at 125°C. The coupon was cooled to room temperature in a vacuum desiccator and then rapidly weighed. It was then immersed in 10 mL of deionized water and placed in a 90°C oven for 2 hours. Immediately after immersion in water, the coating began to disintegrate and peel off the coupon. At the end of this time, the coupon was removed and dried at 90°C for 1 hour, followed by 2 hours in a vacuum oven at 125°C. Finally, the sample was cooled in a vacuum desiccator and reweighed as before. The weights were as follows: (1) uncoated coupon: 5.0320 g, (2) coated coupon after curing: 5.1974 g (i.e., coating weight was 0.1654 g), (3) coated coupon after water immersion / drying: 5.0573 g (i.e., coating weight was 0.0253 g), and (4) coating weight retained after water immersion: 15.3%. In particular, the first composition (i.e., an example of fluid trapping material 44 containing a crosslinking binder) contained PAA, and the cured film obtained in this case retained 96% of its mass after 2 hours in water at 90°C. In contrast, when the second composition (i.e., PVA without a crosslinking agent) was used, only 15% of the mass was retained after being tested in the same manner.

[0141] As described herein, the fluid trapping material 44 may be formed using a crosslinking agent 37 having different types of functional groups that can facilitate the formation of the fluid trapping material 44. To prepare an example of such a composition, 0.30 g of poly(vinyl butyral) was dissolved in 6.0 g of isopropanol. Then, 0.065 g of 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl-trimethoxysilane, 3.0 g of amine-treated silica adsorbent, and 0.07 g of BYK9076 were mixed. The resulting slurry was coated onto an aluminum coupon using a doctor blade. After drying at room temperature, the sample (e.g., the aluminum coupon coated with slurry) was cured in an oven at 90°C for 1 hour. The amount of CO2 absorbed was measured under dry conditions at 25°C using 400 ppm CO2 in nitrogen. The average value was determined to be 0.734 mol CO2 / kg coating (0.032 g / g).

[0142] Figure 4 is a graph with the y-axis corresponding to the amount of CO2 (ppm) and the x-axis corresponding to time (minutes (min)). In this example, the fluid trapping material 44 was formed using a binder material 36 containing PVA / PAA, as described for Example 3 in Table 1. Furthermore, the fluid trapping material 44 was subjected to a fluid flow of 50 standard cubic centimeters / min (sccm) with 400 ppm of CO2 and 75% RH. As generally shown in the graph, CO2 was detected approximately 170 minutes after the fluid flow was passed through the fluid trapping material or coating.

[0143] As described herein, the fluid trapping material 44 can trap a target fluid such as H2O. In such embodiments, it is now recognized that it may be advantageous to form a fluid trapping material 44 that can release the trapped fluid. To illustrate this, Figure 5 shows a method 60 for trapping a target fluid (e.g., the target fluid 18 described with respect to Figure 1) and subsequently releasing the target fluid in a controlled manner (i.e., when it is desirable to extract the target fluid 18). For example, in embodiments in which the target fluid 18 contains water, it may be desirable to use the disclosed fluid trapping material 44 to extract water from a fluid source, such as air having a relatively high water content (e.g., more than 500 ppm of water), and subsequently release the water to produce pure water.

[0144] Referring to Method 60, in block 62, a gas flow 64 is supplied to a substrate 16 coated with a fluid-trapping material 44. Water in the gas flow 64 binds to the trapping coating, thereby generating a dry gas flow 66. In block 68, a heat exchanger 70 is heated (for example, using hot air above 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C). In any case, the water bound to the fluid-trapping material 44 can be released as steam 72. In block 74, a condenser 76 can receive the steam 72, cool the steam 72, and thereby produce water 78. In block 80, heat can be recovered. In this way, the fluid-trapping material 44 can be used to extract fluid, and in certain embodiments, to release fluid.

[0145] As described herein, the fluid trapping material 44 may include a crosslinking agent 37 (i.e., used to crosslink the polymer forming the fluid trapping material 44). In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent 37 may include colloidal silica. Figure 6 shows a graph with the x-axis corresponding to time and the y-axis corresponding to weight increase (%). The graph shows the weight increase versus time of gas trapping coatings formed from PVA as a binder and MOF as an adsorbent (i.e., "PVA + MOF"), PVA as a binder and silica as a crosslinking agent and MOF as an adsorbent (i.e., "PVA + silica + starch + MOF"), silica and starch as a crosslinking agent, and MOF as an adsorbent (i.e., "PVA + silica + starch + MOF"). As shown, fluid trapping materials having a crosslinking agent (i.e., thereby having a crosslinked polymer composite matrix) have a relatively high weight increase in response to the increase in the target fluid 18 adsorbed on the fluid trapping material 44.

[0146] Improvement of porosity The porosity of a membrane can be controlled and improved by the use of pore precursors. For example, wax particles may be incorporated into the MOF slurry formulation, which is then cast onto the membrane. These wax particles occupy spaces within the membrane, which can then be converted into channels or pores, or interconnected voids, once the wax particles are removed. The wax particles can be removed by any suitable means, such as by heating and melting them, and / or by washing the membrane with a suitable solvent, and / or by performing solvent extraction with a suitable solvent. Heating can melt the wax and decompose compounds that can remove certain materials by sublimation and / or generate gases. Once the wax particles are removed, the membrane becomes more porosity and improves macropore diffusion.

[0147] Figure 7 shows an SEM image of a cross-section of a film after casting containing wax (dicetyl fumarate) crystals. Figure 8 shows an SEM image of a cross-section of a film fabricated using wax crystals after casting, where the wax crystals were removed after heating to 90°C. Together, these figures demonstrate that pore precursors such as wax crystals can be incorporated into the cast film and subsequently removed, leaving at least one pore.

[0148] Method for preparing a membrane Non-pore membrane First, 0.025 g of polyvinyl butyral resin (Butvar B98) was dissolved in 1.8 g of ethanol, and then 0.025 g of clay was added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of amine-functionalized MOF adsorbent was then added, and the slurry was vortexed for several minutes before being coated onto a 2-inch x 2-inch aluminum coupon. The coated coupon was air-dried in a fume hood for one hour, and then dried in a 90°C oven for one hour. The film density was 0.26 g / cm³. 3 It was measured at [location / location].

[0149] Porous membrane First, 0.025 g of polyvinyl butyral resin (Butvar B98) was dissolved in 1.8 g of ethanol, and then 0.025 g of clay was added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. 0.1 g of wax (dimethyl eicosanedioate) was added to the solution and mixed for 1 hour. 0.5 g of amine-functionalized MOF adsorbent was added, and the slurry was vortexed for several minutes before being coated onto a 2-inch x 2-inch aluminum coupon. The coated coupon was air-dried in a fume hood for 1 hour, and then immersed in heptane for 2 hours to remove the wax. Afterwards, the coupon was removed from the heptane, air-dried, and then dried in a 90°C oven for 1 hour. 1 1H NMR was performed to confirm the complete removal of dimethyl eicosanedioate from the film. The film density was 0.24 g / cm³. 3 It was measured at [location / location].

[0150] CO2 uptake in both non-pore and porous membranes was measured using a breakthrough test rig under conditions of 25°C, 400 vppm CO2, and 50% RH. The kinetics of the porous membrane, characterized as the time required to achieve 63% complete equilibrium CO2 uptake, were 7 minutes faster than those of the non-pore membrane.

[0151] Functionalization of adsorbent-containing films with amines F1GE115-1003B: MOF-274 films were prepared as follows: 0.025 g of polyvinyl butyral resin (Butvar 79) and 0.005 g of epoxycyclohexylethyltrimethoxysilane (A-186) were dissolved in 0.875 g of isopropanol (IPA) and mixed with 0.0075 g of a VOC- and solvent-free wetting dispersion additive (DISPERBYK 2157) and 0.25 g of MOF-274 as an adsorbent. Using the mixed slurry, 1-inch x 1-inch aluminum coupons were coated and dried at room temperature, then cured overnight at 120°C under vacuum. After cooling, each sample was weighed, and the mass of MOF-274 in the film was determined using the mass of the composite and the percentage of the binder. To functionalize the MOF-274-containing membrane, a mixture of amines consisting of spermine and bis(aminoethylaminomethyl)disiloxane (AEAM) was dissolved in white spirit at 60°C. The molar ratio of adsorbent (MOF-274):spermine:AEAM was equivalent to 1:0.65:0.75. The MOF-274-containing membrane was immersed in the amine solution at 60°C for 24 hours, then removed and washed with white spirit. The amine-functionalized MOF-274 membrane was dried under vacuum at 120°C for 2 days. Samples scraped from the digested amine-functionalized MOF-274-containing membrane were treated with 600 μL of DMSO-d6, 200 μL of D2O, and 40 μL of 35% DCl. 1 The amine loading ratio was determined by performing 1H NMR analysis. 1¹H NMR (DMSO-d6,D2O) δ 7.84 (dd,2H), 7.66 (dd,2H), 6.96 (dd,2H), 3.20-3.17 (m,3.68H), 2.97-2.86 (m,7.23H), 2.37 (s,1.62H), 1.93 (m,2.5H), 1.65 (bs,2.39H), 0.16 (s,5.5H). The final MOF-274:spermine:AEAM ratio was measured at 1:0.61:0.46.

[0152] F1GE115-1003BP: The procedure was the same as for FGE115-1003B, except that the 1-inch x 1-inch aluminum coupon was primed with Butvar B79, A-186 epoxysilane IPA solution before coating. 1 ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6,D2O)δ 7.83 (dd,2H), 7.65 (dd,2H), 6.96 (dd,2H), 3.20-3.17 (m,3.84H), 2.98-2.86 (m,6.58H), 2.38 (s,1.78H), 1.93 (m,2.14H), 1.65 (bs,2.2H), 0.16 (s,5.9H). The final adsorbent MOF-274:spermine:AEAM ratio was measured at 1:0.54:0.46.

[0153] F1GE159-1026A3: To prepare a film containing the adsorbent MOF-274, 0.025 g of polyvinyl butyral resin (Butvar 79) and 0.005 g of epoxycyclohexylethyltrimethoxysilane (A-186) were dissolved in 1.1875 g of IPA and mixed with 0.0075 g of a VOC- and solvent-free wetting dispersion additive (DISPERBYK 2157) and 0.25 g of MOF-274. Using the mixed slurry, a primed 1-inch x 1-inch aluminum coupon was coated and dried at room temperature, then cured overnight at 120°C under vacuum. After cooling, each sample was weighed, and the mass of the adsorbent MOF-274 in the film was determined using the mass of the composite and the percentage of the binder. To functionalize the adsorbent MOF-274-containing film, spermidine was dissolved in white spirit at 60°C. The molar ratio of MOF-274 to spermidine was equivalent to 1:1.2. The MOF-274 adsorbent membrane was immersed in a spermidine solution at 60°C for 24 hours, then removed and washed with white spirit. The membrane was dried under vacuum at 120°C for 2 days. Samples scraped from the digested amine-functionalized MOF-274 membrane were treated with 600 μL of DMSO-d6, 200 μL of D2O, and 40 μL of 35% DCl. 1 The amine loading ratio was determined by performing 1H NMR analysis.

[0154] 1 1H NMR (DMSO-d 6, D2O)δ 7.85(dd,2H), 7.67(dd,2H), 6.97(dd,2H), 2.97-2.78(m,7.6H), 1.92(m,1.88H), 1.60(m,3.79H). The final MOF-274:spermidine ratio was measured at 1:0.95.

[0155] To prepare the F2GE115-1101A1:MOF-274 film, 0.025 g of polyvinyl butyral resin (Butvar 79) was dissolved in 0.5 g of ethanol and mixed with 0.025 g of hydrophilic bentonite nanoclay and 0.25 g of MOF-274. Using the mixed slurry, a 1 inch x 1 inch aluminum coupon was coated and dried at room temperature, then at 90°C for 2 hours. After cooling, each sample was weighed, and the mass of MOF-274 in the film was determined using the mass of the composite and the percentage of the binder. To functionalize the adsorbent MOF-274-containing film, a mixture of amines consisting of spermine and AEAM was dissolved in white spirit at 60°C. The molar ratio of MOF-274:spermine:AEAM was equivalent to 1:0.65:0.75. The MOF-274 membrane was immersed in an amine solution at 60°C for 24 hours, then removed and washed with white spirit. The membrane was dried under vacuum at 120°C for 2 days. Samples scraped from the digested amine-functionalized MOF-274 membrane were treated with 600 μL of DMSO-d6, 200 μL of D2O, and 40 μL of 35% DCl. 1 The amine loading ratio was determined by performing 1H NMR analysis. 1 ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6,D2O) δ 7.88 (dd,2H), 7.71 (dd,2H), 67.0 (dd,2H), 3.19-3.16 (m,3.27H), 2.97-2.85 (m,5.52H), 2.37 (s,1.55H), 1.91 (m,1.97H), 1.64 (bs,1.8H), 0.17 (s,4.72H). The final MOF-274:spermine:AEAM ratio was measured at 1:0.47:0.4.

[0156] overview Accordingly, this disclosure relates to fluid trapping materials or coatings that provide improved fluid coupling ability and stability. Fluid trapping materials or coatings generally comprise an adsorbent material and a binder material. Fluid trapping materials or coatings also comprise at least one pore formed by a pore precursor. As described herein, the resulting fluid trapping materials or coatings may comprise a crosslinked polymer formed by one or more binder materials and a specific crosslinking agent, such as UV light, polyacrylic acid, heat, or other additives, such as fluidizers, dispersants, etc., or a combination thereof.

[0157] The technical effects of the present invention include, but are not limited to, improving the capacity and / or capture efficiency of a substrate by a fluid trapping material. By providing the disclosed fluid trapping material, it is possible to facilitate a reduction in the amount of certain gases remaining in the exhaust gas flow. Furthermore, by forming a fluid trapping material that includes a crosslinked polymer, a relatively larger amount of adsorbent material can be used compared to the binder material, thereby improving the fluid binding capacity of the fluid trapping material. Furthermore, by forming a fluid trapping material that includes at least one pore, the porosity and gas diffusion capacity of the fluid trapping material are enhanced. Finally, functionalization improves the containment capacity and / or capture efficiency.

[0158] This specification uses examples to disclose the invention in the best mode and to enable any person skilled in the art to carry out the invention, including the manufacture and use of any device or system, and the execution of any incorporated method. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other examples that a person skilled in the art may conceive. Such other examples are intended to be included in the claims if their structural elements are no different from the language of the claims, or if their structural elements are substantially equivalent and indistinguishable from the language of the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0159] 10 processes 12 Fluid Capture Systems 14 Fluid source 16 circuit boards 18 Target fluid 20 Purified Gas Flow 30 processes 34 Adsorbent Materials 35 Pore Precursors 36. Binder materials 37 Crosslinking agent 38. Binder materials 42 Fluid-trapping coated substrates 44 Fluid entrapment materials 46 channels 48 Wall 50 processes 60 ways 64 Gas Flow 66 Dry gas flow 70 Heat exchanger 72 Steam 76 Condenser 78 water

Claims

1. Circuit board (16, 42) and A fluid trapping material (44) formed on one or more surfaces of the substrate (16, 42) and A method for functionalizing a system including, This includes functionalizing the fluid trapping material (44) with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group. method.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein functionalizing the fluid trapping material (44) with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group comprises receiving the at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group in the fluid trapping material (44).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one functionalized ligand containing the amine group is received in the form of a solution or a gas.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the functionalization of the fluid trapping material (44) with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group is performed by a technique selected from the group consisting of solution impregnation, gas phase penetration, and a combination thereof, wherein the technique is performed at a pressure selected from the group consisting of ambient pressure, positive pressure, vacuum pressure, and a combination thereof.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid trapping material (44) is not functionalized before functionalizing the fluid trapping material (44) with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid trapping material (44) is partially or completely functionalized at least once before functionalizing the fluid trapping material (44) with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid trapping material (44) comprises at least one adsorbent selected from the group consisting of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and combinations thereof.

8. The fluid trapping material (44) Adsorbent material (34) configured to bind one or more fluids including water (78), carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, alcohols, or combinations thereof, One or more binder materials (36) which may be at least partially crosslinked and Includes, The fluid trapping material (44) may include at least one pore. The method according to claim 1.

9. To provide an adsorbent material (34) configured to bind one or more fluids including water (78), carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, alcohols, or combinations thereof, To provide one or more binder materials (36), which may contain components capable of forming a crosslinked polymer, In some cases, a crosslinking agent (37) may be provided, In some cases, a pore precursor (35) is provided, The adsorbent-binder material (36) is generated based on the adsorbent material (34), one or more binder materials (36), optionally the crosslinking agent (37), and optionally the pore precursor (35), The adsorbent-binding material (36) is applied to the substrate (16, 42), A fluid trapping material (44) is formed using the adsorbent-binding material (36) applied to the substrate (16, 42), In some cases, the pore precursor (35) is removed to form at least one pore in the fluid trapping material (44), The fluid trapping material (44) is functionalized with at least one functionalizing ligand containing an amine group. Methods that include...

10. Forming the fluid trapping material (44) The first layer of the fluid trapping material (44) is formed using the adsorbent-binding material (36), Depending on the circumstances, the first layer may be pre-wetted, Forming a second layer on the pre-wetted first layer The method according to claim 9, including the method described in claim 9.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the one or more binder materials (36) include a first binder material (36) and a second binder material (36), and the first binder material (36) is different from the second binder material (36).

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein providing one or more binder materials (36) comprises providing a first amount of the one or more binder materials (36), and providing the crosslinking agent (37) comprises providing a second amount of the crosslinking agent (37), wherein the ratio of the second amount to the first amount is less than 1 / 3.

13. It is a system, Circuit board (16, 42) and A fluid trapping material (44) formed on one or more surfaces of the substrate (16, 42), Adsorbent material (34) configured to bind one or more fluids including water (78), carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, alcohols, or combinations thereof, and One or more binder materials (36) which may be at least partially crosslinked. Includes, The fluid trapping material (44) may include at least one pore. The adsorbent material (44) is functionalized with at least one functionalized ligand containing an amine group. Fluid trapping material (44) and A system that includes this.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the fluid trapping material (44) comprises one or more binder materials (36) in an amount of less than 15% by weight.

15. The system according to claim 13, wherein the adsorbent material (34) includes a metal-organic framework (MOF), a covalent organic framework (COF), a polymer resin, silica, a zeolite, or a combination thereof.

16. The system according to claim 13, comprising a crosslinking agent (37), wherein the binder material (36) is at least partially crosslinked with the crosslinking agent (37), and the crosslinking agent (37) comprises one or more of a methacrylate reagent, an acrylate reagent, a vinyl ketone reagent, a vinyl reagent, or an allyl reagent.

17. The system according to claim 13, wherein the one or more binder materials (36) include a vinyl polymer, starch, alkylcellulose, or a combination thereof.

18. The system according to claim 13, wherein the thickness of the fluid trapping material (44) is 0.1 to 3.5 mm.

19. The system according to claim 13, wherein the fluid trapping material (44) comprises one or more binder materials (36) in an amount of less than 20% by weight.

20. The system according to claim 13, wherein the substrate (16, 42) is a fluid contactor.

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