Pipeliner

Abstract

This specification describes a field-cured pipe liner comprising a CIPP fabric, the CIPP fabric comprising: first fibers comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fibers are oriented in a first direction, the first direction being along the length of the fabric; second fibers comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fibers are oriented in a second direction, the second direction being substantially perpendicular to the first direction; and a chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, wherein the first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to cure-in-place pipe (CIPP) fabrics, pipe liners, and their uses for producing cure-in-place pipe (CIPP) liners, and more particularly to cure-in-place pipe (CIPP) liners and their uses. [Background technology]

[0002] Over time, pipes can structurally leak or malfunction, requiring periodic replacement or repair. Replacing certain pipes, especially underground ones such as storm drains or sewer pipes, can be extremely difficult and costly. Therefore, techniques have been developed to repair pipes in hard-to-reach locations rather than physically replacing them.

[0003] One repair technique involves the use of a field-curing pipe (CIPP) liner that can be inserted into an old pipe and essentially replace the old pipe. Specifically, field-curing pipe liners are known that use a flexible tube or sock to line the inner diameter of the old pipe. The liner may be constructed on a resin backing lining or may have a resin that is applied during initial installation. The liner may be installed from one inlet point to another by one of several known techniques. With the liner in place within the pipe, the resin cures, and the liner essentially becomes a new pipe within the old pipe. The resin may be cured by one of several known techniques, including UV curing. Field-curing pipe liners are cost-effective for several reasons, including the fact that access is only required at the upstream and downstream ends of the pipe segment being lined, which are usually easily accessible through manholes. [Overview of the project]

[0004] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a CIPP fabric for reinforcing pipes (for example, for providing a field-cured pipe liner), the CIPP fabric is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the CIPP fabric, and the first fiber; A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and the second fiber; And a chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands. The first fiber constitutes at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides an in-situ cured pipe liner comprising a CIPP fabric, the CIPP fabric comprising: A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the CIPP fabric, and the first fiber; A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and the second fiber; And a chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands. The first fiber constitutes at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

[0006] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of repairing a pipe, the method comprising: Providing an in-situ cured pipe liner comprising the CIPP fabric described herein; Impregnating the in-situ cured pipe liner with a curable resin; Inserting the in-situ cured pipe liner into the pipe to be repaired; And curing the curable resin to form a composite pipe.

[0007] The inventors have found that the in-situ curable pipe liner and CIPP fabric described herein offer advantages in terms of liner processability (e.g., inserting the liner into the pipe to be repaired), mechanical performance, impregnation of the liner with the curable resin, and wear resistance.

[0008] The present invention includes combinations of aspects and features described herein, except where such combinations are clearly not permitted or are explicitly avoided.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009] Embodiments and experiments illustrating the principles of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] It is a schematic view of the CIPP fabric described herein. [Figure 2] It is a schematic view of multiple layers of the CIPP fabric described herein. [Figure 3] It is a schematic view of the in-situ curable pipe liner described herein inside the host pipe.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] Next, aspects and embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Further aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference.

[0011] This specification describes a CIPP fabric for reinforcing pipes, for example, a CIPP fabric for producing an in-situ curable pipe liner. The CIPP fabric is a first fiber including continuous glass fibers, the first fiber being oriented in a first direction, the first direction being along the length of the CIPP fabric, the first fiber and a second fiber including continuous glass fibers, the second fiber being oriented in a second direction, the second direction being substantially perpendicular to the first direction, the second fiber and It may include a chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight (e.g., at least about 33% by weight) of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

[0012] In this embodiment, the CIPP fabric for reinforcing the pipe is It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric.

[0013] In this embodiment, the CIPP fabric for reinforcing the pipe is It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric, the second fibers constitute at least about 40% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric.

[0014] In this embodiment, the CIPP fabric for reinforcing the pipe is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the CIPP fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 85 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0015] In this embodiment, the CIPP fabric for reinforcing the pipe is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the CIPP fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 89 GPa. The elastic modulus of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0016] In this embodiment, the CIPP fabric for reinforcing the pipe is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the CIPP fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fibers constitute at least about 40% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 85 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0017] In this embodiment, the CIPP fabric for reinforcing the pipe is It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 89 GPa. The elastic modulus of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0018] In this embodiment, the CIPP fabric for reinforcing the pipe is It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fiber constitutes at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fiber comprises continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 89 GPa. The second fiber is formed from a high-performance glass composition, which is a glass composition containing 55.0-65.0 wt% SiO2, 17.0-27.0 wt% Al2O3, 8.0-15.0 wt% MgO, 7.0-12.0 wt% CaO, 0.0-1.0 wt% Na2O, 0-2.0 wt% TiO2, 0-2.0 wt% Fe2O3, and up to 0.5 wt% Li2O. The modulus of elasticity of the glass fiber can be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0019] In this embodiment, the CIPP fabric for reinforcing the pipe is It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 85 GPa, for example, at least about 89 GPa, and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0020] In this embodiment, the CIPP fabric for reinforcing the pipe is It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fibers constitute at least about 40% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 85 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0021] Furthermore, this specification describes a field-hardened pipe (CIPP) liner comprising a CIPP fabric, the CIPP fabric being A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the CIPP fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight (e.g., at least about 33%) of the total fiber weight of the liner.

[0022] In the embodiment, the field-cured pipe liner comprises a CIPP fabric, and the CIPP fabric is It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the liner, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner.

[0023] In the embodiment, the field-cured pipe liner comprises a CIPP fabric, and the CIPP fabric is Equipped with CIPP fabric, CIPP fabric is It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the liner, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner, the second fibers constitute at least about 40% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner.

[0024] In the embodiment, the field-cured pipe liner comprises a CIPP fabric, and the CIPP fabric is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the CIPP fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A CIPP fabric comprising a chopped strand mat layer having randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having at least about 85 GPa and at least 2200 MPa in tensile strength. The modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0025] In the embodiment, the field-cured pipe liner comprises a CIPP fabric, and the CIPP fabric is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the CIPP fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A CIPP fabric comprising a chopped strand mat layer having randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fibers constitute at least about 40% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 85 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0026] In some embodiments, the field-cured pipe liner comprises a CIPP fabric, the CIPP fabric comprises a CIPP fabric, and the CIPP fabric comprises, It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having at least about 85 GPa and at least 2200 MPa in tensile strength. The modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0027] In some embodiments, the field-cured pipe liner comprises a CIPP fabric, the CIPP fabric comprises a CIPP fabric, and the CIPP fabric comprises, It includes a non-crimped fabric layer, and the non-crimped fabric layer is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fibers constitute at least about 40% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fibers include continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 85 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of the glass fibers may be determined according to ASTM D2343-09.

[0028] This specification describes a method for repairing pipes, and the method is as follows: To provide a field-cured pipe liner comprising the CIPP fabric described herein, Impregnating the field-curing pipe liner with a curable resin, Insert the field-hardening pipe liner into the pipe to be repaired. This includes curing a curable resin to form a composite pipe.

[0029] The term “continuous glass fiber” is used herein to refer to glass fiber / filament having a length many times longer than the diameter of the fiber / filament, for example, at least about 5,000 times longer than the diameter of the fiber / filament, for example, at least about 10,000 times longer than the diameter of the fiber / filament. Continuous glass fibers used in the CIPP fabrics described herein may be supplied as glass fiber strands (or tows). Continuous glass fibers may be formed by a continuous manufacturing process in which molten glass passes through holes in “bushings” and the resulting flow of molten glass solidifies into filaments / fibers. Continuous glass fibers described herein (e.g., continuous glass fibers of first and second fibers) may include sizing agents on their surface, for example, sizing agents applied to the glass fibers during fiber formation. Sizing agents may include components that facilitate the formation of glass fibers and / or their use in the matrix resin, such as film-forming agents, lubricants, and coupling agents (to promote compatibility between glass fibers and resins used to form composite articles, including the hybrid fabrics described herein). In some embodiments, the glass fibers of the first and / or second fibers include a polyester-compatible sizing agent, an epoxy-compatible sizing agent, a vinyl ester-compatible sizing agent, or a polyurethane-compatible sizing agent. In some embodiments, the glass fibers of the first and / or second fibers include a polyester-compatible sizing agent or an epoxy-compatible sizing agent.

[0030] As used herein, the terms “glass fiber strand” or “glass fiber tow” refer to a bundle of continuous glass filaments. In embodiments, a glass fiber strand or tow is a bundle of untwisted glass filaments. In embodiments, a glass fiber strand or tow is provided from glass fiber direct roving. Glass fiber direct roving is made from a bundle of continuous, untwisted (i.e., substantially parallel or parallel) glass filaments, which are joined together into a single strand (when the glass filaments are formed) and wound onto a bobbin.

[0031] The term "chopped glass fiber strand" is used herein to refer to a continuous glass fiber strand that has been cut to have a length of less than about 200 mm, for example less than about 100 mm, for example a length in the range of about 10 mm to about 100 mm, for example a length in the range of about 10 mm to about 75 mm.

[0032] The term "chopped strand mat" is used herein to refer to a mat formed from randomly oriented chopped fiberglass strands.

[0033] CIPP woven fabric Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of the CIPP fabric 100. The CIPP fabric 100 includes a chopped strand mat 106 comprising a first fiber 103, a second fiber 105, and randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands 108.

[0034] The first fibers of the CIPP fabric are oriented in a first direction, which is aligned with the length of the fabric and with the length of the CIPP liner when the CIPP fabric is formed into a CIPP liner. The first fibers may be called warp fibers. The first fibers may be arranged side by side and substantially parallel to one another.

[0035] The second fibers of the CIPP fabric are oriented in a second direction. The second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and is substantially perpendicular to the length of the fabric and the length of the CIPP liner, for example, when the CIPP fabric is formed into a CIPP liner. The second fibers may be called weft fibers. The second fibers may be arranged side by side and substantially parallel to one another.

[0036] The term “substantially perpendicular” is used herein to refer to a direction that is ±80°, for example ±85°, ±88°, ±89°, or about 90° with respect to a given reference direction, for example a first direction.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the first and second fibers form a non-crimped fabric layer. In the non-crimped fabric, the first and second fibers described herein are maintained in their respective orientations by sutures. The non-crimped fabric layer may be referred to as a biaxial fabric formed from a layer 102 of the first fibers 103 and a layer 104 of the second fibers 105 (see Figure 1), where the second fibers 105 are oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the first fibers 103 are oriented (e.g., about ±80°, e.g., ±85°, ±88°, ±89°, or about 90°). Any suitable suture can be used. In embodiments, the suture is a polyester thread. In embodiments, the suture has a linear mass density in the range of about 50 decitex to about 300 decitex. In the embodiment, the suture thread forms a stitch pattern through the fabric, and the stitch pattern can be selected from a tricot stitch pattern, a symmetrical double tricot stitch pattern, an asymmetrical double tricot stitch pattern, a symmetrical stitch pattern, and an asymmetrical stitch pattern. In the embodiment, the suture thread forms a stitch pattern through a non-crimped fabric, and the stitch pattern is a tricot stitch pattern. In the embodiment, the suture thread defines the stitch length, which is in the range of about 2 mm to about 20 mm, for example, about 2 mm to about 10 mm or about 3 mm to about 8 mm.

[0038] In the embodiment, any suitable glass-reinforced fiber may be used as the first, second, and chopped strand glass fiber, for example, fibers made from E-glass, E-CR glass (such as Advantex® glass fiber available from Owens Corning), C-glass, H-glass, S-glass, and AR-glass types may be used.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the second fiber is formed from a high-performance glass composition such that the second fiber includes continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 85 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa, the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the glass fibers being determined according to ASTM D2343-09. The tensile strength values ​​referred to herein refer to the impregnation tensile strengths described in ASTM D2343-09. In a preferred embodiment, the second fiber includes continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 86 GPa, for example, at least about 87 GPa, at least about 88 GPa, or at least about 89 GPa. In a preferred embodiment, the second fiber includes continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus in the range of about 85 GPa to about 95 GPa, for example, about 87 GPa to about 92 GPa or about 88 GPa to about 91 GPa. In a preferred embodiment, the second fiber includes continuous glass fibers having a tensile strength of at least about 2200 MPa, for example, at least about 2300 MPa. In a preferred embodiment, the second fiber includes a continuous glass fiber having an elastic modulus of at least about 88 GPa and a tensile strength of at least about 2200 MPa, for example, an elastic modulus of at least about 89 GPa and a tensile strength of at least about 2300 MPa.

[0040] In the embodiment, the second fiber is formed from a high-performance glass composition which is a glass composition containing 55.0 to 65.0% by weight of SiO2, 17.0 to 27.0% by weight of Al2O3, 8.0 to 15.0% by weight of MgO, 7.0 to 12.0% by weight of CaO, 0.0 to 1.0% by weight of Na2O, 0 to 2.0% by weight of TiO2, 0 to 2.0% by weight of Fe2O3, and up to 0.5% by weight of Li2O.

[0041] In the embodiment, the second fiber is formed from a high-performance glass composition which is a glass composition containing 55.0-65.0% by weight of SiO2, 19.0-27.0% by weight of Al2O3, 8.0-15.0% by weight of MgO, 7.0-12.0% by weight of CaO, 0.0-1.0% by weight of Na2O, 0-1.5% by weight of TiO2, and up to 0.5% by weight of Li2O. In the embodiment, the glass composition from which the high-performance glass fiber is formed contains more than 20% by total weight of CaO and MgO, and the weight distribution of Al2O3 / MgO is less than 2.0. In the embodiment, the glass composition has a fiberization temperature of 1370°C or lower.

[0042] In the embodiment, the second fiber is formed from a high-performance glass composition which is a glass composition containing 55.0 to 60.4% by weight of SiO2, 19.0 to 25.0% by weight of Al2O3, 8.0 to 15.0% by weight of MgO, 7.0 to 12.0% by weight of CaO, 0.0 to 1.0% by weight of Na2O, 0 to 1.5% by weight of TiO2, 0 to 2.0% by weight of Fe2O3, and up to 0.5% by weight of Li2O.

[0043] U.S. Patent No. 11214512(B2) describes a high-performance fiberglass composition that can be used to form a second glass fiber formed from a high-performance glass composition, such that the second fiber includes a continuous glass fiber having an elastic modulus of at least about 85 GPa (e.g., at least about 86 GPa, at least about 87 GPa, at least about 88 GPa, or at least about 89 GPa) and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa, wherein the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the glass fiber are determined in accordance with ASTM D2343-09.

[0044] In the embodiment, the continuous glass fibers of the first and / or second fibers have a linear mass density in the range of about 50 tex to about 10,000 tex, for example, about 50 tex to about 9,600 tex, about 100 tex to about 5,000 tex, about 200 tex to about 4,800 tex, about 300 tex to about 2,500 tex, about 300 tex to about 2,400 tex, or about 600 tex to about 1,200 tex.

[0045] In the embodiment, the continuous glass fibers of the first fiber have a linear mass density in the range of about 50 tex to about 5000 tex, for example, about 200 tex to about 4800 tex, about 300 tex to about 2500 tex, about 300 tex to about 2400 tex, or about 600 tex to about 1200 tex, and the continuous glass fibers of the second fiber have a linear mass density in the range of about 50 tex to about 10000 tex, for example, about 50 tex to about 9600 tex, about 100 tex to about 5000 tex, about 200 tex to about 4800 tex, about 300 tex to about 2500 tex, about 300 tex to about 2400 tex, or about 500 tex to about 1000 tex.

[0046] Preferably, the glass fiber strands (i.e., bundles of untwisted glass filaments) in the chopped strand mat layer have a maximum linear mass density of about 100 texes, for example, a maximum of about 40 texes, or a maximum of about 33 texes. Preferably, the glass fiber strands in the chopped strand mat layer have a linear mass density in the range of about 20 texes to about 40 texes, or about 25 texes to about 33 texes, or about 25 texes to about 40 texes. The term “bundle tex” is used herein, and in the art in general, to refer to the linear mass density of glass fiber strands (i.e., bundles of untwisted glass filaments) forming a chopped strand mat (note that this technical term “bundle tex” is used to distinguish it from the linear mass density of glass fiber yarns (continuous strands having a linear mass density commonly described in the unit “tex”) that are cut to form the glass fiber strands of a chopped strand mat (having a linear mass density commonly described in the unit “bundle tex”).

[0047] In the embodiment, the first fiber includes, essentially consists of, or comprises continuous glass fibers.

[0048] In the embodiment, the second fiber includes, essentially consists of, or consists of continuous glass fibers.

[0049] In the embodiment, the first fiber and the second fiber include, essentially consist of, or consist of continuous glass fibers.

[0050] The first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric. In embodiments, the first fibers constitute about 10% to about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, for example, about 10% to about 20% or about 10% to about 15% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the second fibers constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, for example, at least about 40% by weight or at least about 45% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric. The second fibers may constitute up to about 60% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, for example, up to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric. In an embodiment, the second fibers constitute about 30% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, for example, about 35% to about 57%, about 40% to about 57%, or about 45% to about 57% of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric. In a preferred embodiment, the second fibers constitute about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

[0052] The chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight, for example, at least about 33% by weight, of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric. In embodiments, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute about 33% to about 60% by weight of the CIPP fabric, for example, about 33% to about 55%, about 33% to about 50%, or about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric. In preferred embodiments, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric.

[0053] In the embodiment, the CIPP fabric further comprises a spacer layer, for example, a nonwoven bale or felt layer. In the embodiment, the CIPP fabric further comprises a spacer layer, for example, a nonwoven bale or felt layer, the spacer layer constituting up to about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, for example, up to about 8% by weight, up to about 5% by weight, or up to about 3% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric. The spacer layer may be formed from a nonwoven bale or felt, for example, a glass fiber nonwoven bale or polyester felt.

[0054] In this embodiment, the spacer layer has a maximum weight of approximately 50 g / m². 2 For example, up to approximately 30g / m 2 It has a surface weight of approximately 50 g / m². The spacer layer has a maximum weight of approximately 50 g / m². 2 For example, up to approximately 30g / m 2 It may be formed from a nonwoven bale or felt having an area weight such as a glass fiber nonwoven bale or polyester felt. The area weight of the spacer layer may be determined according to ISO 3374.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the first fibers, second fibers, and chopped strand mat layer of the CIPP fabric are arranged such that the first fibers form the outer layer of the CIPP liner when in use.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the first fibers, second fibers, and chopped strand mat layer of the CIPP fabric are arranged such that the second fibers are positioned between the first fibers and the chopped strand mat layer.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the first fibers, second fibers, and chopped strand mat layer of the CIPP fabric are arranged such that the second fibers are positioned between the first fibers and the chopped strand mat layer, and the chopped strand mat layer of the fabric is oriented inward of the first and second fibers when in use.

[0058] In an embodiment, the first fiber, the second fiber, the chopped strand mat layer, and the spacer layer of the CIPP fabric are arranged such that the first fiber and the spacer layer form the opposing outer layers of the CIPP fabric, and the second fiber and the chopped strand mat layer are disposed between the first fiber and the spacer layer. In a preferred embodiment, the first fiber, the second fiber, the chopped strand mat layer, and the spacer layer of the CIPP fabric are arranged such that the first fiber and the spacer layer form the opposing outer layers of the CIPP fabric, the second fiber and the chopped strand mat layer are disposed between the first fiber and the spacer layer, and the second fiber is disposed between the first fiber and the chopped strand mat layer.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the CIPP fabric has an areal weight of up to about 2000 g / m 2 In an embodiment, the areal weight of the CIPP fabric ranges from about 500 g / m 2 to about 2000 g / m 2 The areal weight of the CIPP fabric can be determined in accordance with ISO 3374.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the CIPP fabric contains the first fiber in an amount such that the areal weight of the first fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 80 g / m 2 In an embodiment, the CIPP fabric contains the first fiber in an amount such that the areal weight of the first fiber in the CIPP fabric ranges from about 50 g / m 2 to about 300 g / m 2 For example, from about 50 g / m 2 to about 250 g / m 2 from about 80 g / m 2 to about 200 g / m 2 or from about 80 g / m 2 to about 150 g / m 2

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the CIPP fabric contains the second fiber in an amount such that the areal weight of the second fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 150 g / m 2 ​The CIPP fabric contains the second fiber in such an amount. In the embodiment, the area weight of the second fiber in the CIPP fabric is about 150 g / m². 2 ~about 650g / m 2 For example, within the range of approximately 150 g / m². 2 ~about 600g / m 2 Within the range of approximately 150g / m 2 ~about 550g / m 2 Within that range, or approximately 150g / m 2 ~about 500g / m 2 It contains a second fiber in an amount that falls within the range of [a certain range].

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the chopped strand mat layer is at least about 280 g / m². 2 Area weight, for example, approximately 280 g / m² 2 ~about 400g / m 2 It has an area weight within the range of [specify area weight]. The area weight of chopped strand mat can be determined according to ISO 3374.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric, the second fiber constitutes at least about 40% by weight of the total fiber weight of the liner, and the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes at least about 33% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric.

[0064] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 27% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 50% by weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fiber constitutes about 40% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 20% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fiber constitutes about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 15% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fiber constitutes about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

[0067] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 20% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fiber constitutes about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fiber comprises continuous glass fibers having an elastic modulus of at least about 85 and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa.

[0068] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 27% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 50% by weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fiber constitutes about 40% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the CIPP fabric has a maximum weight of about 2000 g / m². 2 It has the area and weight of [value].

[0069] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 20% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric, and the second fiber constitutes about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the CIPP fabric has a maximum weight of about 2000 g / m². 2 It has the area and weight of [value].

[0070] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 20% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute about 33% to about 50% by weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fiber constitutes about 40% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the chopped strand mat layer has at least about 280 g / m² 2 It has the area and weight of [value].

[0071] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises, as described herein, first fibers, second fibers, and a chopped strand mat layer, wherein the first fibers constitute about 10% to about 20% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fibers constitute about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the chopped strand mat layer has at least about 280 g / m² 2 It has the area and weight of [value].

[0072] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 20% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute about 33% to about 50% by weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fiber constitutes about 40% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the chopped strand mat layer has at least about 280 g / m²2 The fabric has an area weight of at least about 80 g / m², and the area weight of the first fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 80 g / m². 2 It contains the first fiber in such an amount.

[0073] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 20% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strands constitute about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fiber constitutes about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the chopped strand mat layer has at least about 280 g / m² 2 The fabric has an area weight of at least about 80 g / m², and the area weight of the first fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 80 g / m². 2 It contains the first fiber in such an amount.

[0074] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 27% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 50% by weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fiber constitutes about 40% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the area weight of the first fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 80 g / m². 2 The CIPP fabric contains the first fiber in such an amount that the area weight of the second fiber in the CIPP fabric is approximately 150 g / m². 2 ~about 600g / m 2 The chopped strand mat layer contains a second fiber in an amount within the range of approximately 280 g / m². 2 ~about 400g / m 2 It has an area weight within the range of

[0075] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 20% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fiber constitutes about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the area weight of the first fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 80 g / m². 2 The CIPP fabric contains the first fiber in such an amount that the area weight of the second fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 150 g / m². 2 The chopped strand mat layer contains a second fiber in such an amount that it is approximately 280 g / m². 2 ~about 400g / m 2 It has an area weight within the range of

[0076] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 27% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 50% by weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fiber constitutes about 40% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the area weight of the first fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 80 g / m². 2 The CIPP fabric contains the first fiber in such an amount that the area weight of the second fiber in the CIPP fabric is approximately 150 g / m². 2 ~about 600g / m 2 The chopped strand mat layer contains a second fiber in an amount within the range of approximately 280 g / m². 2 ~about 400g / m 2 It has an area weight in the range of [specify area weight], and the area weight of CIPP fabric is approximately 500g / m². 2 ~about 1000g / m 2 It is within the range of [the specified range].

[0077] In embodiments, the CIPP fabric comprises a first fiber, a second fiber, and a chopped strand mat layer as described herein, wherein the first fiber constitutes about 10% to about 20% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, the chopped glass fiber strand constitutes about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric, the second fiber constitutes about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric, and the area weight of the first fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 80 g / m². 2 The CIPP fabric contains the first fiber in such an amount that the area weight of the second fiber in the CIPP fabric is approximately 150 g / m². 2 ~about 600g / m 2 The chopped strand mat layer contains a second fiber in an amount within the range of approximately 280 g / m². 2 ~about 400g / m 2 It has an area weight in the range of [specify area weight], and the area weight of CIPP fabric is approximately 500g / m². 2 ~About 2000g / m 2 It is within the range of [the specified range].

[0078] CIPP Liner The CIPP liner comprises the CIPP fabric described herein.

[0079] In the embodiment, the CIPP fabric is impregnated with a curable resin, such as a UV-curable resin or a thermosetting resin. Suitable curable resins include epoxy resins, polyester resins, and vinyl ester resins. In the embodiment, the curable resin may be a UV-curable polyester resin.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the total fiber weight of the liner is about 45% to about 70% by weight of the resin-impregnated CIPP liner.

[0081] Figure 2 provides a schematic diagram showing multiple layers of the CIPP fabric 100, where each of the multiple layers of the CIPP fabric 100 is directly positioned on another of the multiple layers of the CIPP fabric 100. A CIPP liner may comprise multiple layers of the CIPP fabric described herein; for example, a CIPP liner may comprise at least two or at least three layers of the CIPP fabric described herein, where the layers are directly positioned on each other. In embodiments, a CIPP liner is formed by winding layers of CIPP fabric arranged on each other around a mandrel such that the length of the fabric (in the 0° direction) aligns with the length of the CIPP liner.

[0082] Figure 3 provides a schematic diagram of a CIPP liner 200 formed from a CIPP fabric described herein, the CIPP liner being located inside a host pipe 300. In embodiments, the CIPP liner comprises an outer wall 250 configured to hold the layers of the CIPP fabric 100 (e.g., a non-crimped layer and a chopped strand mat layer) in place relative to each other and to prevent leakage of the curable resin after the liner 200 has been impregnated. The outer wall 250 may also shield the resin from sunlight / UV light to prevent the UV-curable resin from curing prematurely. Suitable materials for the wall 250 include, but are not limited to, one or more of polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, or polyester.

[0083] How to repair a pipe Furthermore, this specification describes a method for repairing pipes, and the method is as follows: To provide the CIPP liner described herein, Impregnating the CIPP liner with a curable resin, such as a UV-curable resin, Insert the CIPP liner into the pipe to be repaired, This includes curing a curable resin to form a composite pipe.

[0084] Suitable curable resins include epoxy resins, polyester resins, and vinyl ester resins. In the embodiment, the curable resin may be a UV-curable polyester resin.

[0085] In this embodiment, the curable resin is a UV-curable resin, and curing the resin involves exposing the resin to UV radiation. [Examples]

[0086] The following are examples of the processes and related embodiments described herein. These examples should not be considered limiting to the disclosure, but are merely for teaching how to carry out the methods of the disclosure and obtain a product.

[0087] In the following embodiments, the CIPP fabric was produced by first providing a biaxial non-crimp fabric containing the first and second fibers described herein, and then forming a chopped strand mat on the biaxial non-crimp fabric.

[0088] Next, using each of the CIPP fabrics of Examples 1-3 summarized in Table 2 below, panels representing CIPP liners were formed by layering the CIPP fabrics and impregnating the layered CIPP fabrics with UV-curable thermosetting polyester resin (AOC LT 720 IMP-05) to provide panels with a total fiber weight of approximately 55% by weight of the total weight of the panels. Panels were used instead of pipes to facilitate testing. The mechanical properties of the glass fibers and UV-curable polyester resin used in the CIPP fabrics of Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1 below. Tensile Young's modulus and tensile strength were determined according to ASTM D2343-09. As described in ASTM D2343-09, the determined tensile strength was the impregnation tensile strength (rather than the initial tensile strength performed on a single complete filament, for example). The inventors believe that impregnation tensile strength provides a more realistic value of tensile strength that reflects the performance in the composite product, compared to the initial tensile strength (performed on a single complete filament).

[0089] [Table 1]

[0090] As described above, panels formed from the CIPP fabrics of Examples 1 to 3 were tested according to DIN EN 1228 to determine the flexural modulus and according to DIN ISO 178 to determine the flexural strength. Details of the fabrics and formed panels, along with the mechanical test results, are provided in Table 2 below.

[0091] Table 3 provides modeling data for the flexural modulus and flexural strength of cured CIPP liners (pipe form) formed from the CIPP fabrics described in the table, impregnated with the same polyester resin used in the panels described in Table 2.

[0092] [Table 2]

[0093] [Table 3]

[0094] The results provided in Table 2 demonstrate satisfactory mechanical properties. However, it can be observed that the mechanical properties of CIPP liners having a larger amount of second fibers (Example 3) or having HP glass fibers as the second fibers (Example 1) are further improved compared to Example 2. It can also be observed that a larger amount of second fibers (Example 3) provides a significant improvement in mechanical properties compared to Examples 2 and 1. The inventors also found that the linear mass density of the glass strands used in the chopped strand mats of Examples 1-3, i.e., a linear mass density of 40 strands or less, provides further improvements in static and fatigue resistance in the resin-injected, and therefore cured, CIPP liners, compared to comparative fabrics using chopped strand mats formed from glass strands with a slightly higher linear mass density (e.g., 44 strands). Furthermore, the inventors microscopically analyzed the panels of Examples 1-3 and a comparative panel formed from a fabric containing woven material instead of nonwoven material, and found that the panel formed from a fabric containing woven material instead of non-crimped material contained larger resin pockets within the material (considered to be due to the structure of the woven material compared to the non-crimped material). Based on the results of this microscopic analysis, the inventors predict that the fatigue resistance of the panels of Examples 1-3 will be improved compared to the comparative panel formed from a fabric containing woven material instead of nonwoven material.

[0095] From the experiments performed, the inventors believe that the CIPP fabric described herein, which includes a chopped strand mat formed of glass strands having a linear mass density of up to about 40 texes, for example 40 texes or less, and up to about 33 texes, may offer further improvements in terms of static and fatigue resistance in resin injection and thus in the cured CIPP liner compared to a comparative fabric using a chopped strand mat formed of glass strands having a linear mass density of more than about 40 texes (e.g., 44 texes).

[0096] Modeling data experiments were performed using a digital model trained on actual data, accurately mimicking the test protocols of DIN EN 1228 and DIN ISO 178. Therefore, the model data is considered to accurately represent the actual data that would be obtained for pipe liners manufactured using the CIPP fabric described above. The results provided in Table 3 also demonstrate the superior mechanical properties of the hardened CIPP liners described herein, in addition to the improvements provided by incorporating high-performance glass fibers in a second direction (transverse to the length of the pipe).

[0097] Accordingly, the inventors have found that the field-curing pipe liners and CIPP fabrics described herein offer advantages in terms of liner workability (e.g., insertion of the liner into the pipe being repaired), mechanical performance, liner impregnation with curable resin, and abrasion resistance. The inventors have also found that incorporating a spacer layer into the CIPP fabric described herein provides a further improvement in the abrasion resistance of the field-curing pipe liners described herein.

[0098] The features disclosed in the preceding description, the following claims, or the accompanying drawings may be expressed as appropriate in their specific forms, or in terms of means for carrying out the disclosed functions, or methods or processes for obtaining the disclosed results, and may be used individually or in any combination of such features to realize the present invention in a variety of forms.

[0099] While the present invention has been described in relation to the exemplary embodiments described above, many equivalent modifications and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art when given this disclosure. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention described above are illustrative and not limiting. Various modifications to the embodiments described can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0100] To avoid any doubt, any theoretical explanations provided herein are provided for the purpose of improving the reader's understanding. The inventors do not wish to be bound by any of these theoretical explanations.

[0101] Any section headings used herein are for structural purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the subject matter described herein.

[0102] Where standard tests are referred to herein, unless otherwise specified, the version of the test referenced is the current version available at the time of filing of this patent application.

[0103] Throughout this specification, including in the following claims, unless otherwise specified in the context, the terms “comprise” and “include,” as well as variations such as “comprises,” “comprising,” and “including,” will be understood to mean the inclusion of the integer or step or group of integers or steps stated, but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

[0104] Where used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” refer to multiple subjects unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as “about” one particular value to and / or “about” another particular value. Where such ranges are expressed, another embodiment includes one particular value to and / or another particular value. Similarly, where values ​​are expressed as approximations by the use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that a particular value forms another embodiment. The term “about” with respect to numbers is optional and means, for example, + / - 10%.

Claims

1. A field-cured pipe (CIPP) fabric for reinforcing pipes, wherein the CIPP fabric is A first fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the first fiber is oriented in a first direction, and the first direction is along the length of the fabric, A second fiber comprising continuous glass fibers, wherein the second fiber is oriented in a second direction, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, A chopped strand mat layer comprising randomly oriented chopped glass fiber strands, A CIPP fabric in which the first fibers constitute at least about 10% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric, and the chopped glass fiber strands constitute at least about 30% by weight of the total fiber weight of the fabric.

2. The CIPP fabric according to claim 1, wherein the first fiber and the second fiber form a non-crimped fabric layer.

3. The CIPP fabric according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second fiber constitutes at least about 40% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

4. The CIPP fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second fiber comprises a continuous glass fiber having an elastic modulus of at least about 89 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 2200 MPa, the tensile strength and the elastic modulus being determined in accordance with ASTM D2343-09.

5. The second fiber includes a continuous glass fiber formed from a high-performance glass composition, wherein the high-performance glass composition contains 55.0 to 65.0% by weight of SiO ２ , 17.0 to 27.0% by weight of Al ２ O ３ 8.0–15.0% by weight of MgO, 7.0–12.0% by weight of CaO, and 0.0–1.0% by weight of Na ２ O, 0-2.0 wt% TiO ２ , 0-2.0% by weight of Fe ２ O ３ , and up to 0.5% by weight of Li ２ A CIPP fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the glass composition contains O.

6. The glass composition from which the high-performance glass fiber is formed contains more than 20% total weight percent of CaO and MgO, and the weight stoichiometric ratio of Al ２ O ３ / MgO is less than 2.0, and optionally, the glass composition has a fiberization temperature of 1370° C. or less, the CIPP fabric according to claim 5.

7. The CIPP fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the glass fiber strands of the chopped strand mat layer have a linear mass density of up to about 40 bundles of tex, preferably up to about 33 bundles of tex.

8. The area weight of the aforementioned fabric is approximately 500 g / m². ２ ~About 2000g / m ２ A CIPP fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is within the range of claims 1 to 7.

9. The first fiber constitutes approximately 10% to approximately 27% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric. The chopped glass fiber strands constitute about 33% to about 45% by weight of the CIPP fabric, and / or The CIPP fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the second fiber constitutes about 45% to about 57% by weight of the total fiber weight of the CIPP fabric.

10. The chopped strand mat layer has a density of at least approximately 280 g / m². ２ A CIPP fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 9, having the area weight of the following.

11. The aforementioned CIPP fabric, The area weight of the first fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 80 g / m² ２ The first fiber and / or in such an amount The area weight of the second fiber in the CIPP fabric is at least about 150 g / m² ２ The CIPP fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the second fiber in such an amount.

12. A field-cured pipe liner comprising the CIPP fabric described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The field-cured pipe liner according to claim 12, wherein the second fiber is disposed between the first fiber and the chopped strand mat layer, and the chopped strand mat layer of the fabric is oriented inward of the first and second fibers when in use.

14. The field-cured pipe liner according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising a spacer layer, wherein optionally the second fibers are positioned between the first fibers and the chopped strand mat layer, the chopped strand mat layer of the fabric is oriented inward of the first and second fibers when in use, and the spacer layer is oriented inward of the chopped strand mat layer.

15. The field-cured pipe liner according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the CIPP fabric is impregnated with a curable resin, and optionally the total fiber weight of the liner is about 40% to about 70% by weight of the resin-impregnated CIPP liner.

16. A field-cured pipe liner according to any one of claims 12 to 15, comprising a plurality of layers of the CIPP fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein each of the plurality of layers of the CIPP fabric is directly disposed on another layer of the plurality of layers of the CIPP fabric.

17. A method for repairing pipes, To provide a field-curing pipe liner according to any one of claims 12 to 16, Impregnating the aforementioned in-situ curing pipe liner with a curable resin, Insert the aforementioned field-hardened pipe liner into the pipe to be repaired. A method comprising curing the curable resin to form a composite pipe.

Images