Ascaloside and phytonutrients combination and method of use

Abstract

Combinations of agents for enhancing plant growth and methods of using them are provided. These combinations include at least one ascaloside (or derivatives or analogs of ascalosides) along with at least one phytonutrient. The ascaloside(s) and phytonutrient(s) may be provided in the same composition, or may be applied together (e.g., substantially simultaneously) or sequentially. Phytonutrients are important for plant growth and development, as well as for the production and quality of flowers and fruits. Furthermore, phytonutrients are necessary for plants to produce chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 515,554, filed on 25 July 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] This invention provides compositions and methods relating to the use of ascaloside and one or more plant nutrients. [Background technology]

[0003] Plant nutrients are essential for plant growth and development, as well as for the production and quality of flowers and fruits. Furthermore, plants need plant nutrients to produce chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis.

[0004] Many essential and beneficial plant nutrients are recognized, each playing a crucial role in promoting the growth and development of plants, flowers, and fruits. One or more (and typically two or more) plant nutrients are typically applied to any given crop-producing plant ("crop") throughout its growth cycle. To effectively address nutrient deficiencies in plants and prevent pathogen damage throughout the plant's life cycle, these components generally need to be applied separately. This requires additional passes through the crop, which is detrimental as it increases costs, resource use (e.g., fuel, water, labor, etc.), and potential damage to the crop and / or soil. [Overview of the project]

[0005] Combinations of agents for promoting plant growth and methods of using them are provided. These combinations include at least one ascaloside (or derivatives or analogues of ascaloside) along with at least one phytonutrient. Ascalosides, when combined with at least one phytonutrient, can provide plants with the components necessary for their growth while providing long-term protection against pathogens (e.g., fungi, molds, bacteria, viruses, and / or nematodes) throughout the plant's lifespan. The ascaloside(s) and nutrient(s) may be provided in the same composition, or may be applied together (i.e., substantially simultaneously) or sequentially. The agents are applied in an effective amount, i.e., an amount sufficient to provide the plant with nutrients(s) to enhance growth and development and to provide long-term protection from pathogens.

[0006] The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0007] Embodiment 1: A method for providing nutrients and protection from pathogens to a plant, comprising contacting a plant, a part of a plant, or soil surrounding a plant with an effective amount of a combination of agents, wherein the agents comprise one or more ascalosides and one or more plant nutrients.

[0008] Embodiment 2: The method according to Embodiment 1, wherein the one or more plant nutrients include one or more macronutrients selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing nutrients, phosphorus-containing nutrients, potassium-containing nutrients, calcium-containing nutrients, magnesium-containing nutrients, sulfur-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

[0009] Embodiment 3: The method according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the macronutrients are selected from nitrogen-containing nutrients, phosphorus-containing nutrients, potassium-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

[0010] Embodiment 4: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the one or more plant nutrients are in the form of a mixture of nitrogen-containing nutrients, phosphorus-containing nutrients, and potassium-containing nutrients.

[0011] Embodiment 5: The method according to Embodiment 2, wherein the macronutrients are selected from calcium-containing nutrients, magnesium-containing nutrients, sulfur-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

[0012] Embodiment 6: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the one or more plant nutrients are in the form of fertilizer / guano, fish emulsion, bone meal, blood meal, biofertilizer, or coated crops.

[0013] Embodiment 7: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the one or more plant nutrients include one or more micronutrients selected from the group consisting of boron-containing nutrients, chlorine-containing nutrients, copper-containing nutrients, iron-containing nutrients, manganese-containing nutrients, molybdenum-containing nutrients, zinc-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

[0014] Embodiment 8: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the one or more plant nutrients include one or more macronutrients and one or more micronutrients.

[0015] Embodiment 9: The one or more ascalosides include ascalosides having Structure (I), [Chemical formula] In the formula, Z is an optionally substituted C 3-40 aliphatic group, and each of R a and R b is independently -H, or C 1-20 aliphatic, C 1-20 acyl, C 1-20 heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl protecting group, phosphorus bonding functional group, sulfur bonding functional group, silicon bonding functional group, C 2-20 carbonate (for example, - moiety -C(O)OR c ), C 2-20 carbamate (for example, - moiety -C(O)N(R c )2), C 2-20 thioester (for example, moiety -C(S)R c), C 2-20 Thiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)OR c ), C 2-20 Dithiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)SR) c ), C 1-20 Thiocarbamates (e.g., partial-C(S)N(R) c )2) A portion that is optionally substituted from the group consisting of a sugar portion, a peptide, a polymer chain, or linkage to another ascaloside molecule or linkage via a carbon-containing linker portion. c However, in each occurrence, independently, -H and C are substituted by any choice. 1-12 Aliphatic, C substituted by choice 1-12 Selected from heteroaliphatic, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, polymer chain, or linkage to another ascaloside molecule or via a carbon-containing linker moiety, R a and R b The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 8, wherein together they can form an optionally substituted ring that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms and optionally contains one or more unsaturated sites.

[0016] Embodiment 10: Z is i.-CH(CH3)-R 1 (R 1 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-40 (It is an aliphatic group), ii. -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), iii.-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20(Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), iv.-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), v.-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), vi.-(CH2) n -CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), vii.-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), viiii.-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), and ix.-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20The method according to Embodiment 9, selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, a glycoside, an amino acid, a peptide, or a nucleotide.

[0017] Embodiment 11: Z is x.-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another ascaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), xi.-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 xii. -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 xiii. -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3is, independently, -H, a C 1-20 aliphatic group, an optionally substituted C 1-20 heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a bond to or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety to another ascarylose molecule), xiv. -(CH2) n -CON(R 3 )2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 is, independently, -H, a C 1-20 aliphatic group, an optionally substituted C 1-20 heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a bond to or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety to another ascarylose molecule), xv. -(CH2) n -CH=CH-CON(R 3 )2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 is, independently, -H, a C 1-20 aliphatic group, an optionally substituted C 1-20 heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a bond to or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety to another ascarylose molecule), xvi. -(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 is, independently, -H, a C 1-20 aliphatic group, an optionally substituted C[[ID=3;]] 1-20 heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a bond to or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety to another ascarylose molecule), or xvii. -(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R3 is, independently, -H, C optionally substituted 1-20 an aliphatic group, C optionally substituted 1-20 a heteroaliphatic group, an aromatic group optionally substituted, a heteroaryl group optionally substituted, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a bond to or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety to another ascarylose molecule), a method according to embodiment 9, selected from the group consisting of

[0018] Embodiment 12: R a and R b are each -H, a method according to any one of embodiments 9 to 11

[0019] Embodiment 13: Z is -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CO2R 2 where n is an integer from 1 to 40 and R 2 is -H, a metal cation, C optionally substituted 1-20 an aliphatic group, an aromatic group optionally substituted, a glycoside, an amino acid, a peptide, or a nucleotide, a method according to any one of embodiments 9 to 12

[0020] Embodiment 14: One or more ascarylose comprises an ascarylose selected from the group consisting of ascr#9, ascr#10, ascr#16, ascr#18, ascr#20, ascr#22, and ascr#24, a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13

[0021] Embodiment 15: Said one or more ascarylose comprises ascr#18, a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13

[0022] Embodiment 16: Said one or more ascarylose and said one or more phyto-nutrients are applied simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15

[0023] Embodiment 17: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 16, wherein one or more ascalosides and one or more plant nutrients are contained in the same composition.

[0024] Embodiment 18: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the one or more ascalosides and the one or more plant nutrients are applied sequentially (in any order).

[0025] Embodiment 19: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the combination is used as a seed coating.

[0026] Embodiment 20: A composition comprising one or more ascalosides and one or more phytonutrients.

[0027] Embodiment 21: The composition according to Embodiment 20, wherein one or more ascalosides and one or more plant nutrients are present in an effective amount.

[0028] Embodiment 22: The composition according to Embodiment 20 or 21, wherein the one or more plant nutrients comprise one or more macronutrients selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing nutrients, phosphorus-containing nutrients, potassium-containing nutrients, calcium-containing nutrients, magnesium-containing nutrients, sulfur-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

[0029] Embodiment 23: The composition according to Embodiment 22, wherein the macronutrients are selected from nitrogen-containing nutrients, phosphorus-containing nutrients, potassium-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

[0030] Embodiment 24: The composition according to any one of Embodiments 20 to 23, wherein the one or more plant nutrients are in the form of a mixture of nitrogen-containing nutrients, phosphorus-containing nutrients, and potassium-containing nutrients.

[0031] Embodiment 25: The composition according to Embodiment 22, wherein the macronutrients are selected from calcium-containing nutrients, magnesium-containing nutrients, sulfur-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

[0032] Embodiment 26: The composition according to any one of Embodiments 20 to 25, wherein the one or more plant nutrients are in the form of fertilizer / guano, fish emulsion, bone meal, blood meal, biofertilizer, or cover crop.

[0033] Embodiment 27: The composition according to any one of Embodiments 20 to 26, wherein the one or more plant nutrients include one or more micronutrients selected from the group consisting of boron-containing nutrients, chlorine-containing nutrients, copper-containing nutrients, iron-containing nutrients, manganese-containing nutrients, molybdenum-containing nutrients, zinc-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

[0034] Embodiment 28: The composition according to any one of Embodiments 20 to 27, wherein the one or more plant nutrients comprise one or more macronutrients and one or more micronutrients.

[0035] Embodiment 29: The one or more ascalosides include ascalosides having structure (I), [ka] In the formula, Z is replaced by C of any choice. 3-40 It is an aliphatic group, R a and R b Each of these independently corresponds to -H or C 1-20 aliphatic, C 1-20 Ashiru, C 1-20 Heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl protecting group, phosphorus bond functional group, sulfur bond functional group, silicon bond functional group, C 2-20 Carbonate (e.g., partial C(O)OR) c ), C 2-20 Carbamates (e.g., partial-C(O)N(R) c )2), C 2-20 Thioesters (e.g., partial-C(S)R) c ), C 2-20 Thiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)OR c ), C 2-20 Dithiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)SR)c ), C 1-20 Thiocarbamates (e.g., partial-C(S)N(R) c )2) A portion that is optionally substituted from the group consisting of a sugar portion, a peptide, a polymer chain, or bond to another ascaloside molecule or linkage via a carbon-containing linker portion, R c However, in each occurrence, independently, -H and C are substituted by any choice. 1-12 Aliphatic, C substituted by choice 1-12 Selected from heteroaliphatic, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, polymer chain, or linkage to another ascaloside molecule or via a carbon-containing linker moiety, R a and R b The composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 28, wherein together they can form an optionally substituted ring that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms and optionally contains one or more unsaturated sites.

[0036] Embodiment 30: Z is i.-CH(CH3)-R 1 (R 1 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-40 (It is an aliphatic group), ii. -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), iii.-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), iv.-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), v.-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), vi.-(CH2) n -CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), vii.-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), viiii.-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide), and ix.-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 The composition according to Embodiment 29, selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, a glycoside, an amino acid, a peptide, or a nucleotide.

[0037] Embodiment 31: Z is x.-CH(CH3)-(CH2)n -CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another ascaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), xi.-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 xii. -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 xiii. -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20(This refers to a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a linkage to another askaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), xiv.-(CH2) n -CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This includes heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or linkage to other ascaloside molecules or via carbon-containing linker moieties), xv.-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This is bonded to a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or another askaloside molecule, or linked via a carbon-containing linker moiety), xvi.-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another askaloside molecule or via a carbon-containing linker moiety), or xvii.-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C1-20 A bond to a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or another ascarylose molecule, or a linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety), the composition according to embodiment 29.

[0038] Embodiment 32: R a and R b are each -H, the composition according to any one of embodiments 29 to 31.

[0039] Embodiment 33: Z is -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CO2R 2 wherein n is an integer from 1 to 40 and R 2 is -H, a metal cation, an optionally substituted C 1-20 aliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, a glycoside, an amino acid, a peptide, or a nucleotide, the composition according to any one of embodiments 29 to 32.

[0040] Embodiment 34: The one or more ascarylose includes an ascarylose selected from the group consisting of ascr#9, ascr#10, ascr#16, ascr#18, ascr#20, ascr#22, and ascr#24, the composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 33.

[0041] Embodiment 35: The one or more ascarylose includes ascr#18, the composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 33.

[0042] Embodiment 36: The composition is in liquid form, the composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 35.

[0043] Embodiment 37: The liquid form is a sprayable formulation, the composition according to embodiment 36.

[0044] Embodiment 38: The composition is in solid form, the composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 35.

[0045] Embodiment 39: The composition according to Embodiment 38, wherein the solid form comprises powder or granules.

[0046] Embodiment 40: The composition according to any one of Embodiments 20 to 39, wherein the composition is in liquid form.

[0047] Embodiment 41: The composition according to any one of Embodiments 20 to 40, wherein the composition is stable for a period of more than 6 months.

[0048] Embodiment 42: The composition according to any one of Embodiments 20 to 41, further comprising one or more additional components selected from the group consisting of surfactants including emulsifiers, dispersants, foaming agents, colorants, processing aids, lubricants, fillers, reinforcing agents, flame retardants, light stabilizers, UV absorbers, weather stabilizers, plasticizers, release agents, fragrances, heat retention additives (e.g., silica), crosslinking agents, antioxidants, defoaming agents, buffers, pH adjusters, compatibility agents, drift control additives, bulking agents / tackeners, tackifiers, plant penetration agents, toxicity mitigators, spreading agents, and wetting agents.

[0049] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the Disclosure will become apparent from reading the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawings, which are briefly described below. The Invention includes any combination of any two, three, four, or more features or elements described in the Disclosure, as well as any combination of any two, three, four, or more of the embodiments described above, whether such features or elements are expressly combined in the specific embodiments herein. The Disclosure is intended to be read as a whole to be considered to be intended to be combined in any of its various aspects and embodiments, unless it is clearly indicated in the context that any separable feature or element of the disclosed Invention is not. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0050] This disclosure provides compositions and methods relating to the use of one or more ascalosides and one or more phytonutrients. As used herein, the term “ascaloside” includes ascalosides, derivatives, ascaloside analogs, or combinations thereof, as will be further described herein. Ascalosides can be used with any phytonutrients, as will be further described herein.

[0051] Ascalosides(or more) and nutrients(or more) may be used in the same composition, or ascalosides(or more) and nutrients(or more) may be applied separately (e.g., in separate formulations), either simultaneously or sequentially. If applied sequentially, the applications should be close enough in time to allow them to work together to produce beneficial results.

[0052] As described, the methods and compositions of the present invention comprise ascalosides. Ascalosides are secondary metabolites produced by nematodes. Many structurally diverse ascalosides have been found in nature and are thought to function as an evolutionarily conserved chemical language that nematodes use to control many aspects of their development.

[0053] Ascaloside is a derivative of the sugar ascarilose, a dideoxy sugar lacking hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 6. Ascaloside is represented by formula I: [ka] It has the general structure shown in the formula, where, Z is replaced by C of any choice. 2-40 It is an aliphatic group, R a and R b Each of these independently corresponds to -H or C 1-20 aliphatic, C 1-20 Ashiru, C 1-20 Heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl protecting group, phosphorus bond functional group, sulfur bond functional group, silicon bond functional group, C 2-20Carbonate (e.g., partial C(O)OR) c ), C 2-20 Carbamates (e.g., partial-C(O)N(R) c )2), C 2-20 Thioesters (e.g., partial-C(S)R) c ), C 2-20 Thiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)OR c ), C 2-20 Dithiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)SR) c ), C 1-20 Thiocarbamates (e.g., partial-C(S)N(R) c )2) A portion that is optionally substituted from the group consisting of a sugar portion, a peptide, a polymer chain, or linkage to another ascaloside molecule or linkage via a carbon-containing linker portion, Each R c However, in each occurrence, independently, -H and C are substituted by any choice. 1-12 Aliphatic, C substituted by choice 1-12 Selected from heteroaliphatic molecules, optionally substituted aryl molecules, optionally substituted heteroaryl molecules, polymer chains, or linkage to another ascaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety, R a and R b However, together they can form an optionally substituted ring that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms and optionally contains one or more unsaturated sites.

[0054] In a particular embodiment, Z is (i)-CH(CH3)-R 1 (R 1 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-40 (It is an aliphatic group.) (ii)-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20(This includes attachment to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other askaloside molecules, or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (iii)-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This includes attachment to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other askaloside molecules, or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (iv)-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This includes attachment to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other askaloside molecules, or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (v)-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This includes attachment to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other askaloside molecules, or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (vi)-(CH2) n -CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This includes attachment to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other askaloside molecules, or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (vii)-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This includes attachment to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other askaloside molecules, or linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (viii)-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is substituted with -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a glycoside, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a linkage to another ascaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety, or (ix)-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CO2R 2 (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 This includes heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or linkage to another askaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety.

[0055] In a particular embodiment, Z is (x)-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another askaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (xi)-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another askaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (xii)-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another askaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (xiii)-CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another askaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (xiv)-(CH2) n -CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another askaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (xv)-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another askaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (xvi)-(CH2) n -CH(OH)-CH2-CON(R 3 )2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 (This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another askaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety), (xvii)-(CH2) n -C(O)-CH2-CON(R 3)2(n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 This may be a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a link to another ascaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety, or (xviii) A optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted carbon chain that terminates at a chain end containing a nitrogen-containing functional group, an oxygen-containing functional group, or a sulfur-containing functional group. 2-40 It is a side chain.

[0056] As defined above and described herein, in some embodiments, Z includes a nitrogen-containing functional group, an oxygen-containing functional group, or a sulfur-containing functional group. It will be understood that “oxygen-containing functional group” means a moiety containing one or more oxygen atoms (e.g., carbonyl-containing groups such as esters, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, orthoesters, and ketones; ethers, hydroxyls, and heterocycles containing one or more oxygen atoms and / or one of the aforementioned functional groups); “nitrogen-containing functional group” means a moiety containing one or more nitrogen atoms (e.g., amines, amides, carbamates, imines, ureas, oximes, amidines, guanidines, nitriles, azo groups, azides, and heterocycles containing one or more nitrogen atoms and / or one of the aforementioned functional groups); and “sulfur-containing functional group” means a moiety containing one or more sulfur atoms (e.g., thioethers, sulfones, sulfonic acids, sulfoxides, thiols, thiocyanates, or disulfides).

[0057] In some embodiments, Z is optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted C, which terminates at a chain end containing an oxygen-containing functional group. 2-40 It is a side chain. In certain embodiments, Z is optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted with a chain terminus containing a carboxylic acid. 2-40 It is a side chain. In certain embodiments, Z is optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted with C, which terminates at the chain end containing an aldehyde.2-40 It is a side chain. In certain embodiments, Z is optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted with C, which terminates at the chain end containing an ester. 2-40 It is a side chain. In some embodiments, Z-CO2R 2 A chain terminator that terminates with a C, which is optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted. 2-40 Side chain. In some embodiments, Z is optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted with C, ending at a chain end containing -CO2H. 2-40 It is a side chain. In some embodiments, Z is optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted with C, which terminates at a chain end containing -CO2CH3. 2-40 It is a side chain. In some embodiments, Z is -CON(R 3 ) terminates at the end of the chain containing 2, optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted C 2-40 It is a side chain. In some embodiments, Z is -N(R 3 ) terminates at the end of the chain containing 2, optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted C 2-40 It is a side chain. In some embodiments, Z is optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted with C, which terminates at a chain end containing an ester containing a linker moiety covalently bonded to one or more additional askaloside molecules. 2-40 It is a side chain.

[0058] As described above, the ascarilose sugar portion in the provided compound can be substituted or unsubstituted (i.e., functional groups other than -OH may be present at the 2nd and 4th positions of the sugar, or in other words, in any of the formulas herein, the variable R a and / or R b (This can be anything other than -H).

[0059] As defined above and described herein, R a and R b Each of these is independently -H or C 1-20 aliphatic, C 1-20 Ashiru, C 1-20Heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl protecting group, phosphorus bond functional group, sulfur bond functional group, silicon bond functional group, C 2-20 Carbonate (e.g., partial C(O)OR) c ), C 2-20 Carbamates (e.g., partial-C(O)N(R) c )2), C 2-20 Thioesters (e.g., partial-C(S)R) c ), C 2-20 Thiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)OR c ), C 2-20 Dithiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)SR) c ), C 1-20 Thiocarbamates (e.g., partial-C(S)N(R) c )2) A portion that is optionally substituted from the group consisting of a sugar portion, a peptide, a polymer chain, or a linkage to an ascaloside molecule or a carbon-containing linker portion.

[0060] In a particular embodiment, R a is -H. In a particular embodiment, R b is -H. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b They are the same. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b They are different. In a particular embodiment, R a is -H, and R b is anything other than -H. In a particular embodiment, R a is anything other than -H, and R b is -H. In a particular embodiment, R a is -H, and R b is a p-hydroxybenzoate. In certain embodiments, R a is -H, and R b is indole-3-carboxylate. In certain embodiments, R a is -H, and R bis (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate. In certain embodiments, R a is -H, and R b is picolinate. In a particular embodiment, R a is -H, and R b is nicotinate. In a particular embodiment, R a is -H, and R b is (R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoate. In certain embodiments, R a is -H, and R b R is 4-((4-hydroxyphenylethyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoate. In certain embodiments, R a This includes glycosides, amino acids, peptides, or nucleotides. In certain embodiments, R b This includes glycosides, amino acids, peptides, or nucleotides. In certain embodiments, R a This includes linking to a second ascaloside molecule. In certain embodiments, R b This includes linking to an askaloside molecule. In certain embodiments, R a It contains sugar. In a particular embodiment, R b It contains sugar.

[0061] In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-20 It is aliphatic. In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-6 It is aliphatic. In some embodiments, R a C 1-20 It is aliphatic. In some embodiments, R a C 1-6 It is aliphatic. In some embodiments, R a R is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl. In some embodiments, R a C 1-20In some embodiments, R a is -C(O)R c In some embodiments, R a is -C(O)H. In some embodiments, R a is -C(O)CH3. In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-20 It is heteroaliphatic. In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-6 It is heteroaliphatic. In some embodiments, R a C 1-20 It is heteroaliphatic. In some embodiments, R a C 1-6 It is heteroaliphatic. In some embodiments, R a R is an optionally substituted 3-membered and 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycline having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R a R is an optionally substituted 8- and 12-membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocycline having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R a is an aryl that has been optionally replaced. In some embodiments, R a R is a phenyl compound that is optionally substituted. In some embodiments, R a R is phenyl. In some embodiments, R a R is an optionally substituted heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, R a R is an optionally substituted 5-6 member heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R a R is an optionally substituted 8-12 member heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20It is a carbonate. In some embodiments, R a is -C(O)OR c In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20 It is a carbamate. In some embodiments, R a is -C(O)N(R c )2. In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20 It is a thioester. In some embodiments, R a is -C(S)R c In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20 It is a thiocarbonate. In some embodiments, R a is -C(S)OR c In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20 It is a dithiocarbonate. In some embodiments, R a is -C(S)SR c In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-20 It is a thiocarbamate. In some embodiments, R a is -C(S)N(R c )2.

[0062] In some embodiments, R a This is an optionally substituted hydroxyl protecting group. Suitable hydroxyl protecting groups are well known in the art, as seen in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, TW Greene and PGMWuts, 3 rdThis includes those described in detail in edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999. Examples of suitable oxygen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, acetyl, benzoyl benzyl, β-methoxyethoxymethyl ether (MEM), dimethoxytrityl (DMT), methoxymethyl ether (MOM), methoxytrityl (MMT), p-methoxybenzyl ether (PMB), methylthiomethyl ether, pivaloyl, tetrahydropyranyl (THP), tetrahydrofuran (THF), trityl, silyl ethers (e.g., trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), triisopropylsilyloxymethyl (TOM), and triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) ethers), methyl ethers, and ethoxyethyl ethers. In some embodiments, R a is -OR c That is the case.

[0063] In some embodiments, R a R is an optionally substituted phosphorus-bonded functional group. As used herein, “phosphorus-bonded functional group” will be understood to refer to a moiety containing one or more phosphorus atoms (e.g., phosphine, phosphodiester, phosphonic acid, phosphoric acid). In some embodiments, R a R is an optionally substituted sulfur-bonded functional group. As used herein, “sulfur-bonded functional group” will be understood to refer to a moiety containing one or more sulfur atoms (e.g., thioethers, sulfones, sulfonic acids, sulfoxides, thiols, thiocyanates, or disulfides). In some embodiments, R a This is a silicon-bonded functional group that has been optionally substituted. As used herein, “silicon-bonded functional group” will be understood to refer to a moiety containing one or more silicon atoms (e.g., silanol, thuroxide, siloxane, silyl ether, silyl chloride, silyl hydrogenate, silene, or silole).

[0064] In some embodiments, R a R is an optionally substituted sugar moiety. In some embodiments, R ais a peptide that has been optionally substituted. In some embodiments, R a R is a polymer chain that has been optionally substituted. In some embodiments, R a This is a bond to the askaloside molecule or a linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety. In some embodiments, R a This includes ascaloside, and optionally substituted C 1-6 It is aliphatic or heteroaliphatic.

[0065] In some embodiments, R b This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-20 It is aliphatic. In some embodiments, R b This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-6 It is aliphatic. In some embodiments, R b C 1-20 It is aliphatic. In some embodiments, R b C 1-6 It is aliphatic. In some embodiments, R b R is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl. In some embodiments, R b C 1-20 In some embodiments, R b is -C(O)R c In some embodiments, R b is -C(O)H. In some embodiments, R b is -C(O)CH3. In some embodiments, R b This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-20 It is heteroaliphatic. In some embodiments, R b This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-6 It is heteroaliphatic. In some embodiments, R b C 1-20 It is heteroaliphatic. In some embodiments, R b C 1-6 It is heteroaliphatic. In some embodiments, R bR is an optionally substituted 3-membered and 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycline having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R b R is an optionally substituted 8- and 12-membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocycline having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R b is an aryl that has been optionally replaced. In some embodiments, R b R is a phenyl compound that is optionally substituted. In some embodiments, R b R is phenyl. In some embodiments, R b R is an optionally substituted heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, R b R is an optionally substituted 5-6 member heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R b R is an optionally substituted 8-12 member heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R b This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20 It is a carbonate. In some embodiments, R b is -C(O)OR c In some embodiments, R b This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20 It is a carbamate. In some embodiments, R b is -C(O)N(R c )2. In some embodiments, R b This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20 It is a thioester. In some embodiments, R b is -C(S)R c In some embodiments, R b This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20 It is a thiocarbonate. In some embodiments, R b is -C(S)ORc In some embodiments, R b This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 2-20 It is a dithiocarbonate. In some embodiments, R b is -C(S)SR c In some embodiments, R a This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-20 It is a thiocarbamate. In some embodiments, R b is -C(S)N(R c )2.

[0066] In some embodiments, R b R is an optionally substituted hydroxyl protecting group. In some embodiments, R b is -OR c That is the case.

[0067] In some embodiments, R b R is an optionally substituted phosphorus-bonded functional group. In some embodiments, R b R is an optionally substituted sulfur-bonded functional group. In some embodiments, R b This is a silicon-bonded functional group that has been optionally substituted.

[0068] In some embodiments, R b R is an optionally substituted sugar moiety. In some embodiments, R a is a peptide that has been optionally substituted. In some embodiments, R b R is a polymer chain that has been optionally substituted. In some embodiments, R b This is a bond to the askaloside molecule or a linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety. In some embodiments, R b This includes ascaloside, and optionally substituted C 1-6 It is aliphatic or heteroaliphatic.

[0069] In some embodiments, R a and R bTogether, they can form an optionally substituted ring that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms and optionally contains one or more unsaturated sites. In some embodiments, R a and R b Together, they can form optionally substituted 3-12 membered monocyclic or bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl rings having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R a and R b These can combine to form optionally substituted 5-12 membered monocyclic or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl rings having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

[0070] In a particular embodiment, R a is -H, and R b is a p-hydroxybenzoate. In certain embodiments, R a is -H, and R b is indole-3-carboxylate. In certain embodiments, R a is -H, and R b is (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate. In certain embodiments, R a is -H, and R b is picolinate. In a particular embodiment, R a is -H, and R b is nicotinate. In a particular embodiment, R a is -H, and R b is (R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoate. In certain embodiments, R a is -H, and R b It is 4-((4-hydroxyphenylethyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoate.

[0071] In a particular embodiment, R a and R bBoth are -H, and Z is selected from the formulas defined in (i) to (ix) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (i) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (ii) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (iii) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (iv) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (v) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (vi) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (vii) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (viii) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (ix) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (x) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (xi) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (xii) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (xiii) above. In a particular embodiment, Ra and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (xiv) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (xv) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (xvi) above. In a particular embodiment, R a and R b Both are -H, and Z conforms to equation (xvii) above.

[0072] As defined above and described herein, each R c In each occurrence, independently, -H is replaced by C of any choice. 1-12 Aliphatic, C substituted by choice 1-12 The linkage can be selected from heteroaliphatic molecules, optionally substituted aryl molecules, optionally substituted heteroaryl molecules, polymer chains, or linkage to another ascaloside molecule via a carbon-containing linker moiety.

[0073] In some embodiments, R c In each occurrence, independently, -H is replaced by C of any choice. 1-12 Aliphatic, C substituted by choice 1-12 The selection is made from heteroaliphatic compounds, optionally substituted aryl compounds, and optionally substituted heteroaryl compounds.

[0074] In some embodiments, R c The appearance of is -H. In some embodiments, R c This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-12 It is an aliphatic group. In some embodiments, R c This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-6 It is an aliphatic group. In some embodiments, R c This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-12 It is a heteroaliphatic group. In some embodiments, R c This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution.1-6 It is a heteroaliphatic group. In some embodiments, R c R is an optionally substituted 3-membered and 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycline having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R c R is an optionally substituted 8- and 12-membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocycline having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R c R is an optionally substituted aryl group. In some embodiments, R c R is a phenyl compound that is optionally substituted. In some embodiments, R 2 R is phenyl. In some embodiments, R c R is an optionally substituted heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, R c R is an optionally substituted 5-6 member heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R c It is an optionally substituted 8-12 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

[0075] As defined above and described herein, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 The linkage is to a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a glycoside, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or another askaloside molecule, or to a linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety. In some embodiments, R 2 -H, C is substituted by any choice. 1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 These are heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, and optionally substituted heteroaryl groups.

[0076] In some embodiments, R 2 is -H. In some embodiments, R 2 is a metal cation. In a particular embodiment, R 2 is an organic cation (for example, a nitrogen or phosphorus-centered cationic group). In some embodiments, R 2 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-20 It is an aliphatic group. In certain embodiments, R 2 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-12 It is an aliphatic group. In certain embodiments, R 2 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-8 It is an aliphatic group. In certain embodiments, R 2 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-6 It is an aliphatic group. In certain embodiments, R 2 R is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, and t-butyl. In some embodiments, R 2 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-6 It is an aliphatic group. In some embodiments, R 2 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-20 It is a heteroaliphatic group. In some embodiments, R 2 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-6 It is a heteroaliphatic group. In some embodiments, R 2 R is an optionally substituted 3-membered and 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycline having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R 2 R is an optionally substituted 8- and 12-membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocycline having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R 2 R is an optionally substituted aromatic group. In some embodiments, R 2 R is a phenyl compound that is optionally substituted. In some embodiments, R 2R is phenyl. In some embodiments, R 2 R is an optionally substituted heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, R 2 R is an optionally substituted 5-6 member heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R 2 It is an optionally substituted 8-12 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

[0077] In some embodiments, R 2 It is a glycoside. A glycoside is understood to refer to a portion containing sugar that is linked to another functional group via a glycosidic bond.

[0078] In some embodiments, R 2 R is a nucleotide. In some embodiments, R 2 is adenosine monophosphate, cytidine monophosphate, guanosine monophosphate, or uridine monophosphate. In some embodiments, R 2 These are deoxyadenosine monophosphate, deoxycytidine monophosphate, deoxyguanosine monophosphate, or deoxythymidine monophosphate.

[0079] In some embodiments, R 2 This is bonding to another askaloside molecule or linking via a carbon-containing linker moiety. In some embodiments, R 2 This includes ascaloside, and optionally substituted C 1-6 It is aliphatic or heteroaliphatic.

[0080] In a particular embodiment, R 2 It contains amino acids. In certain embodiments, R 2 It contains peptides.

[0081] As defined above and described herein, each R 3 These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice.1-20 Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted C 1-20 The linkage is to a heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or another askaloside molecule, or to a linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety. In some embodiments, each R 3 These are independently -H and C 1-8 Selected from aliphatic species. In some embodiments, one R 3 is -H, and the other R 3 is anything other than -H. In some embodiments, R 3 None of these are -H. In some embodiments, each R 3 is -H. In some embodiments, R 3 The appearance of C is a substitution of C by choice. 1-20 It is an aliphatic group. In some embodiments, R 3 The appearance of C is a substitution of C by choice. 1-6 It is an aliphatic group. In some embodiments, R 3 The appearance of C is a substitution of C by choice. 1-20 It is a heteroaliphatic group. In some embodiments, R 3 The appearance of C is a substitution of C by choice. 1-6 It is a heteroaliphatic group. In some embodiments, R 3 R is an optionally substituted 3-membered and 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycline having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R 3 R is an optionally substituted 8- and 12-membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocycline having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R 3 The appearance of is an optionally substituted aryl group. In some embodiments, R 3 R is a phenyl compound that is optionally substituted. In some embodiments, R 3 R is phenyl. In some embodiments, R 3R is an optionally substituted heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, R 3 R is an optionally substituted 5-6 member heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R 3 It is an optionally substituted 8-12 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

[0082] In a particular embodiment, at least one R 3 is -H. In certain embodiments, both R 3 The base is -H. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-20 It is an aliphatic group. In certain embodiments, both R 3 The base is a C that can be either the same or different, and can be substituted by any choice. 1-20 It is an aliphatic group. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-12 It is an aliphatic group. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-8 It is an aliphatic group. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 This is C, which has been replaced by an optional substitution. 1-6 It is an aliphatic group. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 R is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, and t-butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 is -CH2CH2OH. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 is -CH2CH2OR 2 That is. R 2 These are as defined in the genera and subgenera herein. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 R is an optionally substituted aromatic group. In certain embodiments, at least one R3 It contains a glycoside. In a particular embodiment, at least one R 3 It contains amino acids. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 at least one R 3 It contains peptides. In certain embodiments, at least one R 3 It contains nucleotides.

[0083] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, where x is an integer from 1 to 22, R a , R b , and R 2 Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0084] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, where x, R a , and R b Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0085] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, where y is an integer from 1 to 20, R a , R b , and R 2 Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0086] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, where y, R a , and R b Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0087] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, where x and R 2 Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0088] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, where x is as defined in the genera and subgenera above and herein.

[0089] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, in the formula, y and R 2 Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0090] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] A group consisting of is selected, where y is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera of this specification.

[0091] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, where x, R a , R b, and R 3 Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0092] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, where x and R 3 Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0093] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, where y, R a , R b , and R 2 Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0094] In a particular embodiment, ascaroside is [ka] Selected from the group consisting of, in the formula, y and R 3 Each of these is as defined above and in the genera and subgenera herein.

[0095] In one embodiment, an ascaloside useful in the context of this disclosure has a general structure (I), where Z is -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CO2R 2 And n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 These are aliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, or nucleotides.

[0096] In one embodiment, an ascaloside useful in the context of this disclosure has a general structure (I), where Z is -CH(CH3)-(CH2) n -CH=CH-CO2R 2 And n is an integer from 1 to 40, R 2 C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C 1-20 These are aliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, or nucleotides.

[0097] Specific ascalosides useful in the context of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, ascr#7 and ascr#18. [ka]

[0098] In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the provided method and composition is selected from the group consisting of ascr#9, ascr#12, ascr#14, ascr#1, ascr#10, ascr#16, ascr#18, ascr#20, ascr#22, ascr#24, ascr#26, ascr#28, ascr#30, ascr#32, ascr#34, and ascr#36. In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the provided method is selected from the group consisting of ascr#10, ascr#16, ascr#18, ascr#20, ascr#22, and ascr#24. In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the provided method is selected from the group consisting of ascr#9, ascr#14, ascr#10, and ascr#18.

[0099] In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the provided method and composition is selected from the group consisting of ascr#5, oscr#9, oscr#12, oscr#1, oscr#14, oscr#10, oscr#16, oscr#18, oscr#20, oscr#22, oscr#24, oscr#26, oscr#28, oscr#30, oscr#32, oscr#34, and oscr#36. In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the provided method is selected from the group consisting of oscr#10, oscr#16, oscr#18, oscr#20, and oscr#22. In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the method provided is selected from the group consisting of bhas#5, oscr#9, oscr#12, oscr#1, oscr#14, oscr#10, oscr#16, oscr#18, oscr#20, oscr#22, oscr#24, oscr#26, oscr#28, oscr#30, oscr#32, oscr#34, and oscr#36. In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the method provided is selected from the group consisting of oscr#10, oscr#16, oscr#18, oscr#20, and oscr#22.

[0100] In a particular embodiment, the ascaloside used in the provided method and composition is selected from the group consisting of bhas#9, bhas#10, bhas#16, bhas#18, bhas#22, bhas#24, bhas#26, bhas#28, bhas#30, bhas#32, bhas#34, bhas#36, bhas#38, bhas#40, and bhas#42.

[0101] In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the provided method and composition is selected from the group consisting of bhos#10, bhos#16, bhos#18, bhos#22, bhos#24, bhos#26, bhos#28, bhos#30, bhos#32, bhos#34, bhos#36, bhos#38, bhos#40, and bhos#42.

[0102] In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the provided method and composition is selected from the group consisting of ascr#18, oscr#16, oscr#17, oscr#15, bhas#18, bhos#16, glas#18, dhas#18, ibha#18, ibho#16, icas#18, icos#15, icos#16, and any combination of two or more of these. In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the provided method and composition is ascr#18. In certain embodiments, the ascaloside used in the provided method and composition is oscr#16.

[0103] Ascalosides can be obtained from natural sources (e.g., nematodes) or they can be prepared synthetically. Ascalosides can be prepared synthetically, for example, by converting 1-O-substituted rhamnose to 1-O-substituted ascarilose. An exemplary method for preparing ascalosides includes providing 1-O-substituted rhamnose as a starting material, forming a monosulfonate ester on the 3-OH group of the starting material, and treating the monosulfonate ester with a hydride source to form 1-O-substituted ascarilose. In certain embodiments, the formation of the monosulfonate ester is carried out on a substrate that does not contain a hydroxyl protecting group at the 2 or 4 position of the rhamnose starting material. In certain embodiments, such a method includes contacting the starting material with a sulfonating agent (i.e., a sulfonyl halide, sulfonic anhydride, or similar reagent) in the presence of a Lewis acid. Specific details relating to the synthesis of 1-O-substituted ascarilose can be found in International Publication No. WO2022 / 024067, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0104] As shown herein, ascaloside is used in combination with phytonutrients. As used herein, the term “phytonutrients” encompasses compounds containing elements that are essential or beneficial to plant growth and / or development. “Essential” elements are generally considered to be those required to enable the life cycle of a plant species. “Beneficial” elements may not meet the criteria of essentiality but may benefit plant growth and development or the quality attributes of the plant or its harvested produce. Phytonutrients include elements for which a clear plant metabolic function has been identified, as well as elements that have demonstrated a clear benefit to plant productivity, crop quality, resource use efficiency, stress tolerance, and / or pest and disease resistance.

[0105] In some embodiments, the phytonutrients are mineral phytonutrients. Compounds and compositions suitable for use in various embodiments of this disclosure may include one or more of the following: primary nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and / or potassium (K), often referred to as “NPK nutrients”), secondary nutrients (calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S)), and / or trace nutrients (including, but not limited to, boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn)). These nutrient classifications (primary, secondary, and trace) are primarily related to the amount of each nutrient required. Primary nutrients are required in relatively large amounts, secondary nutrients in smaller amounts, and trace nutrients in considerably smaller amounts. Primary and secondary nutrients are sometimes referred to as "macromolecules," while trace nutrients are sometimes referred to as "micronutrients."

[0106] While not intended to be limited by theory, nitrogen (N) is generally understood to be a vital component of plant / vegetative growth, and in particular, can promote good stem growth. Compounds capable of providing N and therefore functioning as plant nutrients according to this disclosure include, but are not limited to, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and urea.

[0107] While not intended to be limited by theory, it is generally understood that phosphorus (P) can enhance plant root systems, seed production capacity, disease resistance, and pest resistance, improve flowering / blooming, and enhance the tissue and flavor of edible plants and vegetables. Phosphorus sources include, but are not limited to, superphosphates (made from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid). Manure from grain-fed animals is another common source of phosphorus.

[0108] While not intended to be limited by theory, it is generally understood that potassium (K) can increase plant vitality and disease resistance, aid in the formation and transport of starches, sugars, and oils in plants, improve flowering and fruiting / fruit quality, and is also important for root and seed production. Sources of potassium include, but are not limited to, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, as well as wood ash and banana peels.

[0109] These three primary macronutrients (P, N, and K) may, in some embodiments, be applied via nutrient-rich compositions containing two or three of these primary nutrients. Such nutrient-rich compositions include, but are not limited to, fertilizers or guano, fish emulsions, bone meal, blood meal, biofertilizers, and cover crops.

[0110] The NPK ratio of such nutrient-rich compositions can vary. In some embodiments, nutrient mixtures having equivalent N, P, and K values ​​are used (e.g., formulations having an NPK ratio of 6-6-6). In some embodiments, nutrient mixtures having a relatively high N ratio are used (e.g., formulations having an NPK ratio of 20-6-6). Nutrient mixtures having other NPK ratios may be used, and the relevant NPK ratios in this disclosure are not particularly limited. As further examples, a good formulation for promoting rooting and post-transplant care may be a formulation having an NPK ratio of 6-20-20, and a good formulation for supporting and protecting flower development may be a formulation having an NPK ratio of 6-20-6. A formulation for pasture may have a high "N" value with an NPK ratio of, for example, 30-0-0. In general, any nutrient mixture having any NPK ratio suitable for a given plant at a given stage of plant growth under given conditions is used with the ascalosides provided herein.

[0111] While not intended to be limited by theory, it is generally understood that calcium (Ca) strengthens and fortifies overall plant tissue, helps neutralize acidity within plants (by thereby acting as an antidote by neutralizing organic acids within them), and in surrounding soil (improving crop yields, especially when calcified). Calcium activates several enzyme systems in protein synthesis and carbohydrate transport. It is involved in the formation of plant cell wall membranes and their plasticity. In peanuts, calcium is essential for seed production. Sources of calcium include, but are not limited to, gypsum.

[0112] While not intended to be limited by theory, magnesium (Mg) is generally understood to increase phosphorus uptake, promote chlorophyll production, give plants a healthy green color, and facilitate CO2 absorption. Magnesium is also a cofactor in several enzymatic reactions that activate phosphorylation, is necessary for stabilizing ribosomal particles, and stabilizes nucleic acid structure. Furthermore, magnesium plays a role in assisting sugar transport within plants. Sources of magnesium include, but are not limited to, horticultural lime (e.g., dolomite lime with high magnesium levels or calcific lime with high calcium levels).

[0113] While not intended to be limited by theory, sulfur (S) is generally understood to be actively involved in the metabolism of biotin and thiamine, as well as coenzyme A, and to assist in seed production, chlorophyll formation, nodule formation in legumes, and protein structure stabilization.

[0114] While not intended to be limited by theory, it is generally understood that boron (B) can promote root growth and is essential for pollen germination and pollen tube development. Boron is associated with lignin synthesis, the activity of certain enzymes, seed and cell wall formation, and sugar transport within plants.

[0115] While not intended to be limited by theory, it is generally understood that chlorine (Cl) is essential for photosynthesis (because it is involved in oxygen production). Chlorine increases cell osmotic pressure and water content in plant tissues.

[0116] While not intended to be limited by theory, copper (Cu) is generally understood to be essential for several plant enzyme systems involved in photosynthesis. It may play a role in the synthesis and / or stability of chlorophyll and other plant pigments.

[0117] While not intended to be limited by theory, iron (Fe) is generally understood to be essential for the heme enzyme system in plant metabolism (affecting photosynthesis and respiration). It is understood to be essential for chlorophyll synthesis and maintenance in plants and is thought to be strongly related to protein metabolism.

[0118] While not intended to be limited by theory, manganese (Mn) is generally understood to function primarily as part of the plant enzyme system, activating several metabolic functions and participating in the redox processes of photosynthesis. This has been further shown to activate indoleacetate oxidase, which oxidizes indoleacetate in plants.

[0119] While not intended to be limited by theory, molybdenum (Mb) is generally understood to be a key component of two major enzymes in plants necessary for normal nitrogen assimilation and to be required by several soil microorganisms for nitrogen fixation in the soil.

[0120] While not intended to be limited by theory, it is generally understood that zinc (Zn) is necessary for tryptophan synthesis, which in turn is required for indoleacetic acid formation in plants, and is also an essential component of several metalloenzymes in plants. Zn also activates the enzyme carbonic anhydrase and plays a role in RNA and protein synthesis in plants.

[0121] While this application focuses on the application of ascaloside in combination with one or more plant nutrients, it should be noted that ascaloside can also be applied alternatively (or additionally) with one or more common soil conditioners that can function, for example, to enhance the ability of nutrients to be absorbed by plants. Such common soil conditioners include, but are not limited to, compost, mulch, earthworm castings, wood ash, lime, and other natural additives that enhance the use and availability of nutrients.

[0122] The methods provided herein involve applying a combination of effective amounts of one or more ascalosides and effective amounts of one or more phytonutrients to seeds, plants, plant leaves, or the soil in which the plants grow. According to this disclosure, in some embodiments, one or more phytonutrients and one or more ascalosides can be applied at relevant times for phytonutrient application (for example, when nutrient deficiencies are suspected / confirmed in a given plant or crop). Advantageously, ascalosides can provide long-lasting effects for preventing pathogen damage to crops and can therefore be conveniently applied at various stages together with one or more nutrients. Thus, in certain embodiments provided herein, these components can be applied at a single point in time corresponding to the required time to provide plants with nutrients and pathogen protection, ensuring that the balance of phytonutrients is adequate.

[0123] The application of one or more nutrients and one or more ascalosides may occur before or after emergence. The preferred method of application depends on the usual or optimal application time of the particular nutrient(s). Typically, nutrients are added to plants during the growth period and / or flowering period. The timing of application of the nutrient(s) and ascaloside(s) according to this disclosure may be crop-specific in some embodiments. In some cases, some of these nutrients are required in higher values ​​than others. It should be noted that plant nutrients may be applied more than once during the growth period (plant nutrients may be the same or, more generally, different), and one or more ascalosides may be applied with the relevant plant nutrients in one or more of these nutrient applications. For example, in some embodiments, one or more ascalosides are applied with the first application of a given plant nutrient (e.g., during the seedling stage). In some embodiments, one or more ascalosides are applied with the final application of a given plant nutrient.

[0124] In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying macronutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying micronutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying nitrogen-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying potassium-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying phosphorus-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying nitrogen-containing phytonutrients and potassium-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying nitrogen-containing phytonutrients and phosphorus-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying phosphorus-containing phytonutrients and potassium-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying nitrogen-containing phytonutrients, phosphorus-containing phytonutrients, and potassium-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method for applying calcium-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method for applying magnesium-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method for applying sulfur-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides.

[0125] In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying boron-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying chlorine-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying copper-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying iron-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying manganese-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying molybdenum-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides. In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides a method for applying zinc-containing phytonutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides.

[0126] In some embodiments, the methods provided herein may include monitoring the soil surrounding a plant and / or a growing plant to assess nutrient levels, and, based on the results of such monitoring, applying appropriate nutrients in combination with one or more ascalosides.

[0127] In some embodiments, since nutrient deficiencies or imbalances can often be determined based on several universal signs, such monitoring may involve simply evaluating the appearance of the plant. For example, nitrogen deficiency may result in pale green and / or yellowish leaves on affected plants (typically appearing first on older leaves and then on younger leaves as the deficiency becomes more severe), slower, stunted growth of the plant, and leaf drop of older leaves in some plants. Phosphorus deficiency may result in plants with stunted growth overall, and in severe cases, there may be abnormally dark green leaves (older growth), as well as / or leaves (typically affecting older leaves before younger leaves), and dead areas on the fruits and stems of the plant. Purple or reddish discoloration may be observed on the leaves of deficient maize plants. Phosphorus deficiency may further result in a lack of flowering / flower drop and / or the appearance of burnt leaf tips. Potassium deficiency may result in yellowing along the leaf margins of older leaves on affected plants. Potassium-deficient plants grow slowly, have underdeveloped root systems and weak stems, and generally fall over. Withered, old growth may also indicate potassium deficiency. Calcium deficiency can cause poor root growth, and in severe cases, the growing point may die. Calcium-deficient roots often turn black and rot, and the plant may show symptoms at the growing points of young leaves and buds, and the plant may exhibit gelatinous leaf tips. Magnesium deficiency can result in yellowish, bronze, or reddish discoloration in leaves, while the veins remain green (typically appearing first on lower, older leaves). Calcium deficiency can cause rot at the ends of flowers (in fruits such as tomatoes).

[0128] In some embodiments, such monitoring includes evaluating the soil content of various nutrients through soil testing. It should be noted that soil testing for nitrogen is generally inaccurate due to the high mobility of nitrogen in soil. However, soil testing for other nutrients may provide relevant information regarding nutrients that are favorably applied to plants grown in such soil in order to optimize plant growth and corresponding characteristics. This analysis may provide insights into the placement and timing of nutrient application. Preferred tests may include, for example, treating soil samples via extraction, as well as analyzing extracts obtained via one or more analytical methods, including but not limited to laser scanning confocal microscopy, mass spectrometry, digestion, combustion, and other methods. In some embodiments, such monitoring includes follicular testing for various nutrients.

[0129] The antipathogenic activity of ascalosides provides further benefits to the methods and compositions provided herein. Advantageously and conveniently, by applying one or more ascalosides in combination with one or more plant nutrients, the long-lasting effect provided by ascalosides (plural) makes it possible to eliminate the step of applying antimicrobial agents (e.g., fungicides, antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-helmintic agents) (e.g., later in the plant growth cycle) due to the long-lasting effect. For example, while fungicides and antimicrobial agents are generally applied at later stages of crop growth if such pathogens are present, this disclosure provides methods and compositions that employ the application of ascalosides at a very early stage (i.e., when one or more nutrients are applied to the crop) to confer resistance to pathogens in crop plants thus treated. In some embodiments, ascaloside is applied in the early stages of the plant life cycle, but surprisingly, it shows long-term effects of reducing or preventing damage caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and molds for periods exceeding, for example, 3 days, 5 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, or 3 months after application.

[0130] The simultaneous application of one or more nutrients and one or more ascalosides at a single point in time (including, but not limited to, early in the season) also provides significant economic benefits to growers and can enhance the sustainability of crop production. The simultaneous application of ascalosides with one or more nutrients can prevent the need for separate fungicidal or antimicrobial treatments later in the season. Ascaloside treatments can function as preventative control, enhancing crop resistance to a wide range of pathogens, thus saving fuel and labor and potentially avoiding the need to apply more toxic pathogen control products. Additional or alternative benefits of combining ascalosides with one or more nutrients include the control of early-season plant pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. The simultaneous application of ascaloside with one or more nutrients saves fuel and labor, and ascaloside treatment can act as a preventative control that enhances crop resistance to a wide range of pathogens, potentially avoiding the need for separate early-season disease control applications (e.g., fungicides, antimicrobial agents, or nematicides) and potentially avoiding the need to apply more toxic pathogen control products.

[0131] In certain embodiments, the Disclosure provides a blend or composition of one or more phytonutrients and one or more ascalosides. In certain embodiments, the Disclosure provides a blend of one or more phytonutrients and one or more ascalosides, characterized in that the blended product provides nutrients to plants and protects plants from pathogens. In certain embodiments, the Disclosure provides a blend or composition of one or more phytonutrients and one or more ascalosides, wherein treatment with the blend increases the yield by at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 75%, or at least about 90% compared to plants treated with the nutrient alone. In certain embodiments, the Disclosure provides a blend or composition of one or more plant nutrients and one or more ascalosides, wherein treatment with such blend increases the yield by 0 to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 35%, about 35% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 75%, or about 75% to about 90% compared to plants treated with the nutrients alone. In certain embodiments, the Disclosure provides a blend or composition of one or more plant nutrients and one or more ascalosides, wherein treatment with the blend increases the yield by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 75%, or about 90% compared to plants treated with the nutrients alone.

[0132] The compounds described herein (i.e., phytonutrients and ascalosides) may be provided as a single formulation or agricultural composition, or as separate formulations or agricultural compositions. In addition, the components may be applied separately. When one or more ascalosides and one or more phytonutrients are applied separately, one or more ascalosides may be applied before or after the application of one or more phytonutrients. Generally, when applied separately, the components may be applied substantially simultaneously or within a few minutes or hours, including within a short timeframe, for example, within about 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, or 2 days.

[0133] Simultaneous application, in some embodiments, may include combining one or more ascalosides with one or more phytonutrients before application to the plant (e.g., immediately before application). The one or more ascalosides and one or more phytonutrients may be mixed in situ; for example, one or more ascalosides can be added to a fully formulated tank mixture containing one or more phytonutrients.

[0134] In other embodiments, the components to be applied simultaneously may be combined at an even earlier point in time. In such embodiments, an agricultural formulation is prepared comprising one or more ascalosides and one or more phytonutrients in combination with one or more inactive components. Advantageously, in such combinations, one or more ascalosides and one or more phytonutrients are compatible with each other, and the resulting formulation can exhibit stability over long periods (e.g., about one week or more, about one month or more, about two months or more, about three months or more, about four months or more, about five months or more, or about six months or more).

[0135] One or more ascalosides and one or more plant nutrients can be formulated together in combination formulations. As described above, the formulation or method may include other active ingredients and / or plant or plant product treatment compounds. Furthermore, some of the compositions may be residual in that they are not easily washed away from the leaves during rain, and thus can protect plants during and after rainfall.

[0136] In certain embodiments, the Disclosure provides a blend of one or more phytonutrients and one or more ascalosides, wherein the weight ratio of phytonutrients(or ascalosides) to ascalosides is greater than 100:1, greater than 500:1, or greater than 1000:1. In certain embodiments, the Disclosure provides a blend of phytonutrients and ascalosides, wherein the weight ratio of phytonutrients(s) to ascalosides is greater than 1500:1, greater than 2000:1, greater than 3000:1, greater than 5000:1, greater than 7500:1, greater than 10,000:1, greater than 15,000:1, greater than 20,000:1, greater than 30,000:1, greater than 50,000:1, greater than 100,000:1, greater than 500,000:1, greater than 1,000,000:1, greater than 2,000,000:1, greater than 5,000,000:1, or greater than 10,000,000:1.

[0137] In certain embodiments, the provided compositions include formulations intended for application to crops such that their follicular application to crops delivers one or more ascalosides in an effective amount of one or more phytonutrients, in combination with one or more other phytonutrients, in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 1,000 mg per acre. In certain embodiments, such compositions are formulated for application to deliver 1 to 10 mg of ascalosides per acre, 5 to 25 mg of ascalosides per acre, 25 to 100 mg of ascalosides per acre, about 100 to 500 mg of ascalosides per acre, or 500 to 1,000 mg of ascalosides per acre.

[0138] In certain embodiments, the provided compositions are formulated so that their foliar application to crops, combined with nitrogen plant nutrients at a rate of at least 2 ounces per acre, delivers one or more ascalosides in amounts ranging from about 1 mg to about 1,000 mg per acre. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are formulated for application to deliver 1 to 10 mg of ascalosides per acre, 5 to 25 mg of ascalosides per acre, 25 to 100 mg of ascalosides per acre, about 100 to 500 mg of ascalosides per acre, or 500 to 1,000 mg of ascalosides per acre. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are formulated for application to deliver at least 4 ounces of nitrogen per acre, at least 8 ounces of nitrogen per acre, at least 1 pound of nitrogen per acre, at least 2 pounds of nitrogen per acre, at least 5 pounds of nitrogen per acre, or at least 10 pounds of nitrogen per acre.

[0139] In certain embodiments, the provided compositions are formulated so that their foliar application to crops delivers one or more ascalosides in amounts of about 1 mg to about 1000 mg per acre, combined with potassium phytonutrients at a rate of at least 2 ounces per acre. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are formulated for application to deliver 1 to 10 mg of ascalosides per acre, 5 to 25 mg of ascalosides per acre, 25 to 100 mg of ascalosides per acre, about 100 to 500 mg of ascalosides per acre, or 500 to 1000 mg of ascalosides per acre. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are formulated for application to deliver at least 4 ounces of potassium per acre, at least 8 ounces of potassium per acre, at least 1 pound of potassium per acre, at least 2 pounds of potassium per acre, at least 5 pounds of potassium per acre, or at least 10 pounds of potassium per acre.

[0140] In certain embodiments, the provided compositions are formulated so that their foliar application to crops, combined with phosphorus phytonutrients at a rate of at least 1 ounce per acre, delivers one or more ascalosides in amounts ranging from about 1 mg to about 1,000 mg per acre. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are formulated for application to deliver 1 to 10 mg of ascalosides per acre, 5 to 25 mg of ascalosides per acre, 25 to 100 mg of ascalosides per acre, about 100 to 500 mg of ascalosides per acre, or 500 to 1,000 mg of ascalosides per acre. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are formulated for application to deliver at least 2 ounces of phosphorus per acre, at least 4 ounces of phosphorus per acre, at least 8 ounces of phosphorus per acre, at least 1 pound of phosphorus per acre, at least 2 pounds of phosphorus per acre, at least 5 pounds of phosphorus per acre, or at least 10 pounds of phosphorus per acre.

[0141] In certain embodiments, the formulation delivers ascaloside(s) in any combination of proportions described above or herein, in combination with any two or more of nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus. In certain embodiments, the formulation delivers ascaloside(s) in any combination of proportions described above or herein, in combination with any two or more of nitrogen, potassium, or phosphorus.

[0142] In certain embodiments, the provided compositions are formulated so that their follicular application to crops delivers one or more ascalosides in amounts of about 1 mg to about 1000 mg per acre, in combination with effective amounts of sulfur, calcium, or magnesium phytonutrients. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are formulated for application to deliver 1 to 10 mg of ascalosides per acre, 5 to 25 mg of ascalosides per acre, 25 to 100 mg of ascalosides per acre, about 100 to 500 mg of ascalosides per acre, or 500 to 1000 mg of ascalosides per acre. In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver at least 0.1 ounces of sulfur per acre, at least 0.5 ounces of sulfur per acre, at least 1 ounce of sulfur per acre, at least 2 ounces of sulfur per acre, at least 4 ounces of sulfur per acre, at least 8 ounces of sulfur per acre, at least 1 pound of sulfur per acre, at least 2 pounds of sulfur per acre, at least 5 pounds of sulfur per acre, or at least 10 pounds of sulfur per acre. In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver at least 0.1 ounces of calcium per acre, at least 0.5 ounces of calcium per acre, at least 1 ounce of calcium per acre, at least 2 ounces of calcium per acre, at least 4 ounces of calcium per acre, at least 8 ounces of calcium per acre, or at least 1 pound of calcium per acre. In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver at least 0.1 ounces of magnesium per acre, at least 0.5 ounces of magnesium per acre, at least 1 ounce of magnesium per acre, at least 2 ounces of magnesium per acre, at least 4 ounces of magnesium per acre, at least 8 ounces of magnesium per acre, or at least 1 pound of magnesium per acre.In a particular embodiment, such a formulation delivers ascaloside(s) in any combination of the above proportions, in combination with any two or more of sulfur, calcium, and magnesium.

[0143] In certain embodiments, the provided compositions are formulated so that their follicular application to crops delivers one or more ascalosides in amounts of approximately 1 mg to approximately 1000 mg per acre, combined with effective amounts of one or more plant micronutrients. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are formulated for application to deliver 1 to 10 mg of ascalosides per acre, 5 to 25 mg of ascalosides per acre, 25 to 100 mg of ascalosides per acre, approximately 100 to 500 mg of ascalosides per acre, or 500 to 1000 mg of ascalosides per acre. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are formulated for application to deliver effective amounts of zinc in addition to ascalosides. In certain embodiments, such compositions are formulated to deliver between at least 0.1 ounces, at least 0.5 ounces, at least 1 ounce, at least 2 ounces, at least 4 ounces, or at least 8 ounces of zinc per acre. In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver an effective amount of iron in addition to ascaloside. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to deliver between at least 0.1 ounces, at least 0.5 ounces, at least 1 ounce, at least 2 ounces, at least 4 ounces, or at least 8 ounces of iron per acre. In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver an effective amount of manganese in addition to ascaloside. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to deliver between at least 0.1 ounces, at least 0.5 ounces, at least 1 ounce, at least 2 ounces, at least 4 ounces, or at least 8 ounces of manganese per acre. In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver an effective amount of boron in addition to ascaloside. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to deliver between at least 0.1 ounces, at least 0.5 ounces, at least 1 ounce, at least 2 ounces, at least 4 ounces, or at least 8 ounces of boron per acre.In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver an effective amount of silicon in addition to ascaloside. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to deliver silicon between at least 0.1 ounces, at least 0.5 ounces, at least 1 ounce, at least 2 ounces, at least 4 ounces, or at least 8 ounces per acre. In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver an effective amount of copper in addition to ascaloside. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to deliver copper between at least 0.1 ounces, at least 0.5 ounces, at least 1 ounce, at least 2 ounces, at least 4 ounces, or at least 8 ounces per acre. In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver an effective amount of molybdenum in addition to ascaloside. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to deliver molybdenum between at least 0.1 ounces, at least 0.5 ounces, at least 1 ounce, at least 2 ounces, at least 4 ounces, or at least 8 ounces per acre. In certain such embodiments, the composition is formulated for application to deliver an effective amount of nickel in addition to ascaloside. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to deliver nickel between at least 0.1 ounces, at least 0.5 ounces, at least 1 ounce, at least 2 ounces, or at least 4 ounces, or at least 8 ounces per acre. In certain embodiments, the formulation delivers ascaloside(s) in any combination of the above proportions in combination with any two or more of zinc, iron, manganese, boron, silicon, molybdenum, copper, and nickel.

[0144] The formulation or composition may be formulated in the conventional manner in the art and may be a liquid or a dry composition. Dry compositions include powders, etc. The composition may be available as a liquid concentrate, a ready-to-use (RTU) liquid spray, a dust, or a solid, depending on the user's needs. The selected formulation depends on the use of the product. During use, the composition may be applied directly to plants.

[0145] Generally, formulations comprise at least one ascaloside described herein, or at least one ascaloside and one or more phytonutrients, and one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants (also referred to herein as “agriculturally suitable adjuvants”). Agriculturally suitable adjuvants are used to enhance the efficacy of the compounds described herein and include, but are not limited to, surfactants, emulsifiers, oils, salts, etc. Adjuvants may be added to formulations or, alternatively, added separately when applied to crops. In some embodiments, wetting agents, emulsifiers, spreading agents, etc., may be used in formulations. Formulations include concentrated forms in which the active ingredient (compound described herein) is present at a concentration of 0.001 to 98.0%, with the remaining content being a physiologically acceptable carrier. Such formulations, particularly those having less than 50 percent of the compound, may sometimes be used directly, but these formulations may also be diluted with other physiologically acceptable carriers to form more diluted treatment formulations. These latter formulations may contain the compounds described herein at lower concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1 percent.

[0146] The formulation may further contain “adjuvant surfactants” to promote the deposition, wetting, and penetration of the compound into target crops and organisms. These “adjuvant surfactants” may optionally be used as components of the formulation or as tank mixtures. The amount of adjuvant surfactant typically varies from 0.01 to 1.0 volume percent, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 volume percent, based on the spray volume of water. Suitable adjuvant surfactants include ethoxylated nonylphenol, ethoxylated synthetic or natural alcohols, esters or sulfosuccinate salts, ethoxylated organosilicones, ethoxylated fatty amines, blends of surfactants with mineral or vegetable oils, crop oil concentrates (mineral oil (85%) + emulsifier (15%)), nonylphenol ethoxylate, benzyl cocoalkyldimethylquaternary ammonium salts; petroleum hydrocarbons, alkyl esters, organic acids, and blends of anionic surfactants. Examples include, but are not limited to, C9-Cu alkyl polyglycosides, phosphate alcohol ethoxylates, natural primary alcohols (C12-C16) ethoxylates, di-sec-butylphenol EO-PO block copolymers, polysiloxane-methyl cap, nonylphenol ethoxylate + urea ammonium nitrate, emulsified methylated seed oils, tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylate (8EO), tallow amine ethoxylate (15EO), and PEG(400)-dioleate-99. The formulation may also include oil-in-water emulsions.

[0147] In the case of wettable powder formulations, "surfactants" typically account for about 0.5% to 10% of the wettable powder. Suitable "surfactants" for wettable powders include nonionic surfactants such as sulfonated lignin, condensed naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl-benenesulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, or ethylene oxide adducts of alkylphenols, or mixtures thereof.

[0148] Typical organic solvents that may be used in preparing emulsifiable concentrates of ascalosides and / or phytonutrients of the present disclosure include: xylene, aromatic fractions such as propylbenzene fraction; or mixed naphthalene fraction, mineral oil, substituted aromatic organic liquids such as dioctyl phthalate; kerosene; dialkylamides of various fatty acids, in particular glycol derivatives such as dimethylamide of fatty glycol, n-butyl ether, ethyl ether, or methyl ether of diethylene glycol, methyl ether of triethylene glycol; amides of simple carboxylic acids such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; petroleum fraction or mineral oil; aromatic solvents; hydrocarbons such as paraffin oil; terpene solvents; rosin derivatives; aliphatic ketones such as cyclohexanone; complex aliphatic and aromatic alcohols such as 2-ethoxyethanol; soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, com oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil, etc.; esters of the above-mentioned vegetable oils. A mixture of two or more organic liquids may also be used in the preparation of emulsifying concentrates. Examples of organic liquids include xylene and propylbenzene fractions, with xylene being most preferred in some cases. Surface dispersants are typically used in liquid formulations in amounts of 0.1 to 20 percent by weight, based on the combined weight of the dispersant with one or more of the compounds.

[0149] The “emulsifiers” for emulsifiable concentrates are typically mixed ionic and / or nonionic surfactants or their equivalents, such as those described herein. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers useful for preparing emulsifiable concentrates include polyalkylene glycol ethers, as well as ethoxylated alkylphenols and carboxylic acid esters solubilized with alkylphenols and arylphenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or fatty acids and condensation products of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, e.g., polyols or polyoxyalkylenes. Cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and aliphatic amine salts. Anionic emulsifiers include oil-soluble salts of alkylarylsulfonic acids (e.g., calcium), oil-soluble salts of sulfated polyglycol ethers, and suitable salts of phosphorylated polyglycol ethers.

[0150] Dust containing ascalosides and / or plant nutrients can be prepared by closely mixing one or more of the compounds in powder form with a suitable dust-rich agricultural carrier, such as kaolin clay or terrestrial volcanic rock. The dust may suitably contain about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the compounds, based on the total weight of the dust.

[0151] The wettable powder may be agglomerated or compressed to form water-dispersible granules. These granules contain a mixture of the compound, an inert carrier suitable for granular applications, and a surfactant. The concentration of the compound is typically about 0.1% to about 90% by weight. "Inert carriers suitable for granular applications" are typically prophyllite, talc, chalk, gypsum, fuller's earth, bentonite, attapulgite, starch, casein, gluten, montmorillonite clay, diatomaceous earth, and refined silicates. In such operations, the finely divided carrier and surfactant are typically blended with the compound and ground.

[0152] An aqueous suspension can be prepared when one or more ascalosides and / or one or more plant nutrients are dispersed in an aqueous vehicle at concentrations typically ranging from about 5% to about 50% by weight. The suspension is prepared by finely grinding the compounds and vigorously mixing them with water, a surfactant, and a dispersant vehicle. Inert components such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums may also be used to increase the density and / or viscosity of the aqueous vehicle, as desired.

[0153] definition To facilitate understanding of this disclosure, certain terms are defined below. Additional definitions of the terms below and other terms are provided throughout this specification. In this application, unless otherwise clearly stated in context, the term “one (a)” may be understood to mean “at least one.”

[0154] As used in this application, the term “or” may be understood to mean “and / or.” In this application, the terms “comprising” and “including” may be understood to encompass the itemized component or step, whether indicated by itself or with one or more additional components or steps. As used in this application, the term “comprise” and its variations, e.g., “comprising” and “comprises,” are not intended to exclude other appendices, components, integers, or steps.

[0155] Approximately, roughly: Where used herein, the terms “approximately” and “roughly” are used interchangeably. Unless otherwise specified, the terms “approximately” and “roughly” can be understood to allow for a standard deviation, as understood by those skilled in the art. Where a range is presented herein, both ends are included. Any figures used in this application, with or without “approximately,” are intended to cover any normal variation as understood by those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the above terms refer to within 25 percent of a given value. In some embodiments, the terms “approximately” or “about” refer to a range of values ​​that fall within 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or less in either direction (greater than or less than) of a given standard reference value, unless otherwise specified or the context makes clear (except when such a number exceeds 100% of the possible value).

[0156] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For the purposes of this invention, chemical elements are identified according to the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. In addition, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional parts and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; and Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0157] Certain compounds provided herein may contain one or more chiral centers and therefore may exist in various stereoisomeric forms, such as enantiomers and / or diastereomers. Accordingly, the compounds of the present invention and their compositions may be in the form of individual enantiomers, diastereomers or geometric isomers, or in the form of mixtures of stereoisomers. In certain embodiments, the compounds described herein are enanthopureous compounds. In certain other embodiments, mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers are provided.

[0158] Furthermore, certain compounds described herein may have one or more double bonds that can exist as either Z or E isomers unless otherwise indicated. Compounds can be provided as individual isomers substantially free of other isomers, and alternatively, as mixtures of various isomers, for example, as a racemic mixture of enantiomers.

[0159] As used herein, the term “isomer” includes any and all geometric isomers and stereoisomers. For example, “isomer” includes cis and trans isomers, E and Z isomers, R and S isomers, diastereomers, (D)-isomers, (L)-isomers, racemic mixtures thereof, and other mixtures thereof, as is within the scope of this disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, a compound may be provided substantially free of one or more corresponding stereoisomers and may be referred to as “stereochemically concentrated.”

[0160] Where a particular enantiomer is preferred, in some embodiments the compound may be provided substantially without the opposite enantiomer, and may be referred to as “optically concentrated.” As used herein, “optically concentrated” means that the compound of the present invention is composed of a significantly higher proportion of one enantiomer. In some particular embodiments, the compound is composed of at least about 90% by weight of one enantiomer. In some embodiments, the compound is composed of at least about 95% by weight, 97% by weight, 98% by weight, 99% by weight, 99.5% by weight, 99.7% by weight, 99.8% by weight, or 99.9% by weight of one enantiomer. In some embodiments, the enantiomer excess of the compound provided is at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%. In some embodiments, enantiomers may be separated from the racemic mixture by any known method such as chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts, or they may be prepared by asymmetric synthesis. See, for example, Jacques, et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981), Wilen, SH, et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977), Eliel, ELStereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, NY, 1962), and Wilen, SH, Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p.268 (ELEliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN 1972).

[0161] As used herein, the terms "halo" and "halogen" refer to an atom selected from fluorine (fluoro, -F), chlorine (chloro, -Cl), bromine (bromo, -Br), and iodine (iod, -I).

[0162] As used herein, the terms “aliphatic” or “aliphatic group” refer to a hydrocarbon moiety that may be linear (i.e., unbranched), branched, or cyclic (including condensed, cross-linked, and spiro-condensed polycyclic), and may be fully saturated or contain one or more unsaturated units, but is not aromatic. Unless otherwise specified, an aliphatic group contains 1 to 30 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, an aliphatic group contains 1 to 12 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, an aliphatic group contains 1 to 8 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, an aliphatic group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, an aliphatic group contains 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in some embodiments, an aliphatic group contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in yet another embodiment, an aliphatic group contains 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and in yet another embodiment, an aliphatic group contains 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, as well as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl, or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl groups and their hybrids.

[0163] As used herein, the terms “heteroaliphatic” or “heteroaliphatic group” refer to an aliphatic group in which one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms are replaced by heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, etc.). In some embodiments, the heteroaliphatic group is a heterocyclyl group.

[0164] As used herein, the term “unsaturated” means that a part has one or more double or triple bonds.

[0165] As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to a saturated, linear, or branched hydrocarbon radical derived from an aliphatic moiety containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms by removing a single hydrogen atom. Unless otherwise specified, alkyl groups contain 1 to 12 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in yet another embodiment, alkyl groups contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and in yet another embodiment, alkyl groups contain 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, sec-pentyl, iso-pentyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, and dodecyl.

[0166] As used herein, the term “alkenyl” refers to a monovalent group derived from a linear or branched aliphatic moiety having at least one carbon-carbon double bond by the removal of a single hydrogen atom. Unless otherwise specified, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 8 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 5 carbon atoms, in some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 4 carbon atoms, in yet another embodiment, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and in yet another embodiment, alkenyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, and 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl.

[0167] The term “aryl,” used alone or as part of a larger term, such as “aralkyl,” “aralkoxy,” or “aryloxyalkyl,” refers to monocyclic and polycyclic ring systems having a total of 5 to 20 ring members, where at least one ring in the system is aromatic, and each ring in the system contains 3 to 12 ring members. The term “aryl” may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring.” In certain embodiments, “aryl” refers to aromatic ring systems, including but not limited to phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, and anthrasyl, which may have one or more substituents. The scope of the term “aryl” as used herein also includes groups into which the aromatic ring is condensed with one or more additional rings, such as benzofuranyl, indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthoimidyl, phenantridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl.

[0168] The terms "heteroaryl" and "heteroar-" used alone or as part of a larger phrase, such as "heteroaralkyl" or "heteroaralkoxy," refer to a group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, preferably 5, 6, or 9 ring atoms, sharing 6, 10, or 14 π electrons within the cyclic arrangement, and having 1 to 5 heteroatoms in addition to carbon atoms. The term "heteroatom" refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of basic nitrogen. Heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridadinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolidinyl, prinyl, naphthilidinyl, and pteridinyl. The terms “heteroaryl” and “hetero-” also, as used herein, include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is condensed with one or more aryl, alicyclic, or heterocyclyl rings, and the radical or bond site is located on the heteroaromatic ring. Non-limiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolidinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido[2,3-b]-1,4-oxazine-3(4H)-one. Heteroaryl groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic, bridging bicyclic, or spirocyclic. The term "heteroaryl" may be used interchangeably with the terms "heteroaryl ring," "heteroaryl group," or "heteroaromatic," any of which may include a optionally substituted ring. The term "heteroaralkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with a heteroaryl group, where the alkyl and heteroaryl moieties are independently and optionally substituted.The term "heteroarylenyl" refers to a divalent heteroaryl group (e.g., pyridylenyl).

[0169] As used herein, the terms “heterocycle,” “heterocyclyl,” “heterocyclic radical,” and “heterocyclic ring” are interchangeable and refer to stable 5-7 membered monocyclic or 7-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclic moieties that are either saturated or partially unsaturated and have one or more, preferably 1-4, heteroatoms in addition to the carbon atoms, as defined above. When used in relation to the ring atoms of a heterocycle, the term “nitrogen” includes substituted nitrogen. For example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, the nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl), or +NR (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).

[0170] A heterocyclic ring can be bonded to its pendant group with any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure, and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted. Examples of such saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, but are not limited to, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenylpyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl. The terms “heterocyclic ring,” “heterocyclyl,” “heterocyclyl ring,” “heterocyclic group,” “heterocyclic moiety,” and “heterocyclic radical” are used interchangeably herein and also include groups in which a heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or alicyclic rings, such as indolinyl, 3H-indolyl, chromanyl, phenantridinyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycle may be a 5- to 12-membered bicyclic, bridging bicyclic, or spirocyclic ring. The heterocycle may contain one or more oxo (=O) or thioxo (=S) substituents. The term "heterocyclylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with a heterocyclyl, where the alkyl and heterocyclyl moieties are independently and optionally substituted.

[0171] As used herein, the term “partially unsaturated” refers to a ring moiety containing at least one double or triple bond. The term “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple unsaturated moies, but not to include aryl or heteroaryl moies as defined herein.

[0172] As described herein, the compounds provided herein may contain “optionally substituted” moieties. Generally, the term “substituted” means that one or more hydrogens of a designated moiety are replaced with preferred substituents, whether or not the term “optionally” precedes it. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may have preferred substituents at each substituted position of the group, and if more than one position in any given structure can be replaced with more than one substituent selected from a particular group, the substituents may be the same at all positions or different at all positions. The assumed substituent combinations preferably result in the formation of a stable or chemically feasible compound. The term “stable,” as used herein, means a compound that remains substantially unchanged when placed under conditions that enable their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery, purification, and use in one or more of the purposes disclosed herein.

[0173] Suitable monovalent substituents on the replaceable carbon atoms of the "optionally substituted" group are, independently, halogens, -(CH2) 0-4 R°, -(CH2) 0-4 OR°, -O-(CH2) 0-4 C(O)OR°, -(CH2) 0-4 CH(OR°)2, -(CH2) 0-4 -(CH2) can be substituted with SR° and R°. 0-4 (CH2) can be substituted with pH and R°. 0-4 O(CH2) 0-1 -CH=CHPh, -NO2, -CN, -N3, -(CH2) can be substituted with Ph and R°. 0-4 N(R°)2, -(CH2) 0-4 N(R°)C(O)R°, -N(R°)C(S)R°, -(CH2) 0-4 N(R°)C(O)NR°2, -N(R°)C(S)NR°2, -(CH2) 0-4 N(R°)C(O)OR°, -N(R°)N(R°)C(O)R°, -N(R°)N(R°)C(O)NR°2, -N(R°)N(R°)C(O)OR°, -(CH2) 0-4C(O)R°, -C(S)R°, -(CH2) 0-4 C(O)OR°, -(CH2) 0-4 C(O)N(R°)2, -(CH2) 0-4 C(O)SR°, -(CH2) 0-4 C(O)OSiR°3, -(CH2) 0-4 OC(O)R°, -OC(O)(CH2) 0-4 SR-, SC(S)SR°, -(CH2) 0-4 SC(O)R°, -(CH2) 0-4 C(O)NR°2, -C(S)NR°2, -C(S)SR°, -SC(S)SR°, -(CH2) 0-4 OC(O)NR°2, -C(O)N(OR°)R°, -C(O)C(O)R°, -C(O)CH2C(O)R°, -C(NOR°)R°, -(CH2) 0-4 SSR°, -(CH2) 0-4 S(O)2R°, -(CH2) 0-4 S(O)2OR°, -(CH2) 0-4 OS(O)2R°, -S(O)2NR°2, -(CH2) 0-4 S(O)R°, -N(R°)S(O)2NR°2, -N(R°)S(O)2R°, -N(OR°)R°, -C(NH)NR°2, -P(O)2R°, -P(O)R°2, -OP(O)R°2, -OP(O)(OR°)2, SiR°3, -(C 1-4 Linear or branched alkylenes)ON(R°)2, or -(C 1-4 The linear or branched alkylene is C(O)ON(R°)2, where each R° can be substituted as defined below, independently of hydrogen, C 1-8 Aliphatic, -CH2Ph, -O(CH2) 0-1 A 5-6 member saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or, notwithstanding the above definition, a 3-12 member saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl monocyclic or polycyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, which may be substituted together with their intervening atom(s) as defined below.

[0174] The intervening atoms along with the preferred monovalent substituents of R° are, independently, halogens, -(CH2) 0-2 R ● ,-(HaroR ● ), -(CH2) 0-2 OH, -(CH2) 0-2 Ure ● ,-(CH2) 0-2 CH(OR ● )2, -O(HaroR ● ), -CN, -N3, -(CH2) 0-2 C(O)R ● ,-(CH2) 0-2 C(O)OH, -(CH2) 0-2 C(O)OR ● ,-(CH2) 0-4 C(O)N(R°)2, -(CH2) 0-2 SR ● ,-(CH2) 0-2 SH, -(CH2) 0-2 NH2, -(CH2) 0-2 NHR ● ,-(CH2) 0-2 NR ● 2, -NO2, -SiR ● 3. -OSiR ● 3, -C(O)SR ● 、 -(C 1-4 Linear or branched alkylene)C(O)OR ● , or -SSR ● And each R ● It is either unsubstituted, or if preceded by "halo", it is substituted by only one or more halogens and independently, C 1-4 Aliphatic, -CH2Ph, -O(CH2) 0-1 The R° saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring is selected from 5-6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or rings having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Preferred divalent substituents on the saturated carbon atom of R° include =O and =S.

[0175] Suitable divalent substituents on the saturated carbon atom of the "optionally substituted" group are, =O, =S, =NNR* 2. =NNHC(O)R * ,=NNHC(O)OR * ,=NNHS(O)2R * ,=NR * 、=NOR * , -O(C(R * 2)) 2-3 O-, or -S(C(R * 2)) 2-3 S- was mentioned, R * Each independent occurrence of C can be substituted with hydrogen, as defined below. 1-6 Selected from an aliphatic, or unsubstituted 5-6 member saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. A suitable divalent substituent to bond to the substituted carbon proximal to the "optionally substituted" group is -O(CR * 2) 2-3 O- is mentioned, R * Each independent occurrence of C can be substituted with hydrogen, as defined below. 1-6 Selected from aliphatic, or unsubstituted 5-6 member saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl rings having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

[0176] R * Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group include halogens, -R ● ,-(HaroR ● ), -OH, -OR ● ,-O(HaroR ● ), -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR ● -NH2, -NHR ● , -NR ● 2, or -NO2 is included, each R ● It is either unsubstituted, or if preceded by "halo", it is substituted by only one or more halogens and independently, C 1-4 Aliphatic, -CH2Ph, -O(CH2) 0-1 It is a 5-6 member saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from pH, nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

[0177] A suitable substituent on the substituted nitrogen of the "optionally substituted" group is -R † , -NR † 2, -C(O)R † , -C(O)OR † ,-C(O)C(O)R † -C(O)CH2C(O)R † -S(O)2R † -S(O)2NR † 2, -C(S)NR † 2. -C(NH)NR † 2, or -N(R † )S(O)2R † These are listed, and each R † C can be substituted independently of hydrogen, as defined below. 1-6 Aliphatic, unsubstituted-OPh, or unsubstituted 5-6 member saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or notwithstanding the above definition, R † The two independent occurrences, together with their intervening atom(s), form an unsubstituted 3-12 member saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

[0178] R † Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group are, independently, halogens, -R ● ,-(HaroR ● ), -OH, -OR ● ,-O(HaroR ● ), -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR ● -NH2, -NHR ● , -NR ● 2, or -NO2, and each R ● If it is unsubstituted, or if preceded by "halo", it is substituted by only one or more halogens, independently, C 1-4 Aliphatic, -CH2Ph, -O(CH2) 0-1It is a 5-6 member saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from pH, nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

[0179] As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to a qualitative state indicating the whole or nearly whole extent or degree of the feature or quality of the subject.

[0180] There is a convention to name ascalosides with a prefix of several letters followed by a pound sign (#) and a number (e.g., ascr#18). This convention is used in scientific literature, and those skilled in the art will understand that each such name is associated with a specific chemical structure of a known composition and will immediately understand the structure of the molecule indicated using this nomenclature. Unless otherwise indicated, all compound identifiers of this form used herein conform to the definitions listed in the C. elegans Small Molecule Identifier Database (SMID-DB), maintained at smid-db.org on the World Wide Web. [Examples]

[0181] Example 1: Ascaloside zinc micronutrient test in soybeans A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar application of ascaloside oscr#16 in combination with zinc. The study was conducted in a 10-acre commercial soybean field in the eastern United States, divided into two areas of approximately 5 acres each. Crops were planted and maintained using typical local practices, and at approximately the V5 and R2 / R3 growth stages, half of the field was treated with a foliar spray containing a 4-ounce / acre composition with 0.04 wt% ascaloside oscr#16 and 4.0 wt% soluble zinc (as zinc sulfate), diluted with sufficient water to allow for good crop coverage (corresponding to the application of approximately 50 mg of ascaloside and 0.2 ounces of zinc per acre).

[0182] The fields were regularly observed to assess differences in plant health and vitality between treated and untreated areas. The treated and untreated areas were harvested separately once the crops reached maturity. The plots treated with the ascaloside zinc composition were visibly healthier throughout the growing season, and soybean plants in the treated areas retained their leaves later in the growing season than plants in the untreated areas. At harvest, the treated areas produced a yield of 58.8 Bu / ac treated versus 48.5 Bu / ac untreated fields, which corresponds to a 21% yield improvement from the application of the ascaloside composition of the present invention.

[0183] Example 2: Ascaloside / multinutrient study in soybeans The test is carried out according to the protocol of Example 1, except that the composition to be applied is used at 20 ounces per acre and is combined with a multinutrient composition (Awaken® from Loveland Agri Products) containing 20% ​​nitrogen, 21% potassium, 0.02% boron, 0.19% copper, 0.19% iron, 0.19% manganese, 0.0007% molybdenum, and 3.36% zinc, and contains 0.003% oscr#16.

[0184] Example 3: Ascaloside / Boron Test in Soybeans The test is carried out according to the protocol of Example 1, except that the composition to be applied contains 0.005% OSCr#16 in combination with a composition containing 2% boron applied at a rate of 32 ounces per acre.

[0185] Example 4: Ascaloside / Zinc Test in Soybeans The test is carried out according to the protocol of Example 1, except that the composition to be applied contains ascaloside ascr#18 instead of oscr#16.

[0186] Examples 5, 6, and 7: Ascaloside nutrient testing in maize The tests are carried out according to the protocols of Examples 1-4, except that the composition is applied to corn instead of soybeans.

[0187] Examples 8, 9, and 10: Ascaloside nutrient testing in rice The tests are carried out according to the protocols of Examples 1-4, except that the compositions are applied to rice instead of soybeans, and the amount of ascaloside in each composition is reduced to one-tenth of the amount in Examples 1-4.

[0188] Examples 11, 12, and 13: Ascaloside nutrient testing in wheat The tests were carried out according to the protocols of Examples 1-4, except that the composition was applied to wheat instead of soybeans.

[0189] Example 14: Repeat the above test, but change the identity of the askaloside to evaluate the activity of other askalosides against oscr#16 and ascr#18. The compounds, compositions, and methods of this application are intended to encompass modifications and adaptations developed using information from the embodiments described herein. Adaptations or modifications of the methods and processes described herein can be carried out by those skilled in the art.

[0190] The use of headings in this disclosure will be understood to be provided for the convenience of the reader. The presence and / or placement of headings is not intended to limit the scope of the subject matter described herein. Unless otherwise specified, embodiments located in one section of this application are applicable throughout this application, both individually and in combination, to other embodiments.

[0191] Throughout this description, where a composition, compound, or product is described as having, containing, or comprising a particular component, or where a process and method is described as having, containing, or comprising a particular step, it is intended that there exist articles, devices, and systems of this application which are essentially composed of or comprise the listed components, and that there exist processes and methods of this application which are essentially composed of or comprise the listed processing steps.

[0192] Please understand that the order of steps or sequences for performing a particular action is not important, as long as the described method is functional. Furthermore, two or more steps or actions can be performed simultaneously.

[0193] All publications and patent applications described herein are indicators of the level of skill of those skilled in the art in the field relating to the present invention. All publications and patent applications are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as each individual publication or patent application is specifically and individually indicated as being incorporated by reference.

[0194] While the aforementioned invention is described in some detail as an illustration and example for the purpose of clarifying understanding, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for providing nutrients and protection from pathogens to a plant, comprising contacting a plant, a part of a plant, or the soil surrounding a plant with an effective amount of a combination of agents, wherein the agents comprise one or more ascalosides and one or more plant nutrients.

2. A method for providing nutrients and protection from pathogens to a plant, the method comprising administering ascaloside to a plant, a plant part, or soil surrounding the plant or plant part, wherein the plant, a plant part, or soil surrounding the plant or plant part is receiving or has received nutrients (for example, through administration to the plant, a plant part, or soil surrounding the plant or plant part).

3. A method for providing nutrients and protection from pathogens to a plant, the method comprising administering the nutrients to a plant, a plant part, or soil surrounding the plant or plant part, wherein the plant, a plant part, or soil surrounding the plant or plant part is receiving or has received ascaloside (for example, through administration to the plant, a plant part, or soil surrounding the plant or plant part).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more plant nutrients include one or more macronutrients selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing nutrients, phosphorus-containing nutrients, potassium-containing nutrients, calcium-containing nutrients, magnesium-containing nutrients, sulfur-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more plant nutrients include one or more micronutrients selected from the group consisting of boron-containing nutrients, chlorine-containing nutrients, copper-containing nutrients, iron-containing nutrients, manganese-containing nutrients, molybdenum-containing nutrients, zinc-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more plant nutrients include one or more macronutrients and one or more micronutrients.

7. The one or more ascalosides include an ascaloside having structure (I), 【Chemistry 17】 During the ceremony, Z is replaced by C of arbitrary choice. ３－４０ It is an aliphatic group, R ａ and R ｂ each independently is -H, or C １－２０ aliphatic, C １－２０ acyl, C １－２０ heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl protecting group, phosphorus bonding functional group, sulfur bonding functional group, silicon bonding functional group, C ２－２０ carbonate (e.g., - moiety -C(O)OR ｃ ), C ２－２０ carbamate (e.g., - moiety -C(O)N(R ｃ ) ２ ), C ２－２０ thioester (e.g., moiety -C(S)R ｃ ), C ２－２０ thiocarbonate (e.g., moiety -C(S)OR ｃ ), C ２－２０ dithiocarbonate (e.g., moiety -C(S)SR ｃ ), C １－２０ thiocarbamate (e.g., moiety -C(S)N(R ｃ ) ２ ), a sugar moiety, a peptide, a polymer chain, or a bond to another ascarylose molecule or a linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety, and is an optionally substituted moiety selected from the group consisting of. R ｃ is, independently at each occurrence, -H, optionally substituted C<00000第二十二号aliphatic, optionally substituted C<00000第二十三号heteroaliphatic, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, a polymer chain, or a bond to another ascarylose molecule or a linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety, R ａ and R ｂ together may form an optionally substituted ring optionally containing one or more heteroatoms and optionally containing one or more unsaturated sites, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6. It should be noted that there seems to be an error in the original text where "第二十二号" and "第二十三号" are used instead of proper tags. This translation is done based on the best understanding of the text with the given rules. If these are meant to be specific tags that need to be translated in a certain way, the translation would need to be adjusted accordingly.

8. Z is (i) - CH(CH ３ )-R １ (R １ C is replaced by an optional substitution. １－４０ (It is an aliphatic group.) (ii) -CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (iii)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH=CH-CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (iv)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH(OH)-CH ２ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (v)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -C(O)-CH ２ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (vi)-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (vii) - (CH ２ ) ｎ -CH=CH-CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (viii)-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH(OH)-CH ２ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, or nucleotides), and (ix) - (CH ２ ) ｎ -C(O)-CH ２ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ The method according to claim 7, selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, a glycoside, an amino acid, a peptide, or a nucleotide.

9. Z is (x)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CON(R ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ is independently -H, an optionally substituted C １－２０ aliphatic group, an optionally substituted C １－２０ heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a bond to another ascarylose molecule or a linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety). (xi)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH=CH-CON(R ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ is independently -H, an optionally substituted C １－２０ aliphatic group, an optionally substituted C １－２０ heteroaliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, a polymer chain, an amino acid, a peptide, a nucleotide, or a bond to another ascarylose molecule or a linkage via a carbon-containing linker moiety). (xii)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH(OH)-CH ２ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xiii)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -C(O)-CH ２ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xiv)-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xv) - (CH ２ ) ｎ -CH=CH-CON(R ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xvi) - (CH ２ ) ｎ -CH(OH)-CH ２ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xvii)-(CH ２ ) ｎ -C(O)-CH ２ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ (This includes heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or linkage to other ascaloside molecules via carbon-containing linker moieties), and (xix) A optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted C chain ending containing a nitrogen-containing functional group, an oxygen-containing functional group, or a sulfur-containing functional group. ２－４０ The method according to claim 7, selected from the group consisting of side chains.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein one or more ascalosides include ascalosides selected from the group consisting of ascr#9, ascr#10, ascr#16, ascr#18, ascr#20, ascr#22, and ascr#24.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein one or more ascalosides include ascr#18.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein one or more ascalosides and one or more plant nutrients are applied simultaneously.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein one or more ascalosides and one or more plant nutrients are contained in the same composition.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the one or more ascalosides and the one or more plant nutrients are applied in sequence.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the combination is used as a seed coating.

16. A composition comprising one or more ascalosides and one or more phytonutrients.

17. The composition according to claim 16, wherein one or more ascalosides and one or more plant nutrients are present in an effective amount.

18. The composition according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the one or more plant nutrients include one or more macronutrients selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing nutrients, phosphorus-containing nutrients, potassium-containing nutrients, calcium-containing nutrients, magnesium-containing nutrients, sulfur-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

19. The composition according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the one or more plant nutrients include one or more micronutrients selected from the group consisting of boron-containing nutrients, chlorine-containing nutrients, copper-containing nutrients, iron-containing nutrients, manganese-containing nutrients, molybdenum-containing nutrients, zinc-containing nutrients, and combinations thereof.

20. The composition according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the one or more plant nutrients comprise one or more macronutrients and one or more micronutrients.

21. The one or more ascalosides include an ascaloside having structure (I), [Chemistry 18] During the ceremony, Z is replaced by C of arbitrary choice. ３－４０ It is an aliphatic group, R ａ and R ｂ Each of these independently corresponds to -H or C １－２０ aliphatic, C １－２０ Ashiru, C １－２０ Heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl protecting group, phosphorus bond functional group, sulfur bond functional group, silicon bond functional group, C ２－２０ Carbonates (e.g., partial-C(O)OR) ｃ ), C ２－２０ Carbamates (e.g., partial-C(O)N(R) ｃ ) ２ ), C ２－２０ Thioesters (e.g., partial-C(S)R) ｃ ), C ２－２０ Thiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)OR) ｃ ), C ２－２０ Dithiocarbonates (e.g., partial-C(S)SR) ｃ ), C １－２０ Thiocarbamates (e.g., partial-C(S)N(R) ｃ ) ２ ), a portion that is optionally substituted from the group consisting of a sugar portion, a peptide, a polymer chain, or linkage to another ascaloside molecule or linkage via a carbon-containing linker portion. ｃ However, in each occurrence, independently, -H and C are substituted by any choice. １－１２ Aliphatic, C substituted by choice １－１２ Selected from heteroaliphatic, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, polymer chain, or linkage to another ascaloside molecule or via a carbon-containing linker moiety, R ａ and R ｂ The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein together they can form an optionally substituted ring that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms and optionally contains one or more unsaturated sites.

22. Z is (i) - CH(CH ３ )-R １ (R １ C is replaced by an optional substitution. １－４０ (It is an aliphatic group.) (ii) -CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (iii)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH=CH-CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (iv)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH(OH)-CH ２ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (v)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -C(O)-CH ２ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (vi)-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (vii) - (CH ２ ) ｎ -CH=CH-CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic group, optionally substituted aromatic group, glycoside, amino acid, peptide, or nucleotide) (viii)-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH(OH)-CH ２ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ (Aliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, glycosides, amino acids, peptides, or nucleotides), and (ix) - (CH ２ ) ｎ -C(O)-CH ２ -CO ２ R ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, R ２ C is a -H, a metal cation, or optionally substituted C １－２０ The composition according to claim 21, selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, a glycoside, an amino acid, a peptide, or a nucleotide.

23. Z is (x) - CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xi)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH=CH-CON(R ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xii)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CH(OH)-CH ２ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xiii)-CH(CH ３ )-(CH ２ ) ｎ -C(O)-CH ２ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xiv)-(CH ２ ) ｎ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xv) - (CH ２ ) ｎ -CH=CH-CON(R ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xvi) - (CH ２ ) ｎ -CH(OH)-CH ２ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ This includes linkage to heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or other ascaloside molecules, or linkage via carbon-containing linker moieties. (xvii)-(CH ２ ) ｎ -C(O)-CH ２ -CON(R) ３ ) ２ (n is an integer from 1 to 40, and each R ３ These are independently replaced by -H and C of any choice. １－２０ Aliphatic group, optionally substituted C １－２０ (This includes heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, polymer chains, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, or linkage to other ascaloside molecules via carbon-containing linker moieties), and (xvii) A optionally unsaturated and optionally substituted C chain ending with a nitrogen-containing functional group, an oxygen-containing functional group, or a sulfur-containing functional group. ２－４０ The composition according to claim 21, selected from the group consisting of side chains.

24. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 23, wherein the one or more ascalosides comprises ascalosides selected from the group consisting of ascr#9, ascr#10, ascr#16, ascr#18, ascr#20, ascr#22, and ascr#24.

25. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 23, wherein one or more ascalosides comprises ascr#18.

26. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 25, wherein the composition is in liquid form.

27. The composition according to claim 26, wherein the liquid form is a sprayable formulation.

28. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 25, wherein the composition is in solid form.

29. The composition according to claim 28, wherein the solid form includes powder or granules.

30. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 29, wherein the composition is stable for a period of more than six months.

31. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 30, wherein the composition further comprises one or more additional components selected from the group consisting of surfactants including emulsifiers, dispersants, foaming agents, colorants, processing aids, lubricants, fillers, reinforcing agents, flame retardants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, weather stabilizers, plasticizers, release agents, fragrances, heat retention additives (e.g., silica), crosslinking agents, antioxidants, defoaming agents, buffers, pH adjusters, compatibility agents, drift control additives, bulking agents / tackeners, tackifiers, plant penetration agents, toxicity mitigators, spreading agents, and wetting agents.

Images