Lubricating grease

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lubricating grease comprising: a) at least one base oil in an amount of 50% to 95.8% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease; b) at least one thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, single metal soaps of elements of Group 1 of the periodic table, especially lithium single soaps, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of 4% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease; and c) at least one semicrystalline polyalphaolefin having at least one melt peak above 10°C and a degree of crystallinity of 15% to 45% relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, wherein the degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018. This relates to a lubricating grease containing a semicrystalline polyalphaolefin, determined in accordance with 11357-3:2018 and by dividing by 2.93 J / g.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a lubricating grease having enhanced shear stability, and its use for lubricating the surface of a sliding partner. The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a tribological system using the lubricating grease, and a tribological system comprising the lubricating grease.

[0002] Background technology Lubricants are essential components in many industrial processes where two or more surfaces move in close contact. The applications of lubricants are very broad, and include automotive lubricants, lubricants for two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines, lubricants for diesel engines, gas engine oils, gas turbine oils, automatic transmission fluids, transmission oils, and more.

[0003] Lubricants can be formed as lubricating oils or lubricating greases. Industrial lubricants include, in particular, industrial power transmission oils, lubricants for pneumatic tools, high-temperature oils, air and gas compressor oils for all types of compressors, machine tool oils, textile oils, steam turbine oils, working fluids, paper machine oils, food processing machine oils, steam cylinder oils, and metalworking oils for metal cutting, metal rolling, metal drawing, metal forging, and metal stamping. Lubricating greases contain one or more thickeners in addition to the lubricating oil.

[0004] Lubricating greases typically contain various substances (e.g., additives, thickeners, oils, auxiliaries, polymers) to adjust the properties of the lubricating grease and adapt its action to the parts.

[0005] Lubricating grease is often used for lubricating bearings. Bearings are mechanical elements that guide parts that move relative to one another. Mechanical elements are components that perform the same or similar functions in various machines and devices, and therefore always exist in the same or similar forms. Bearings can be distinguished in terms of the degrees of freedom of possible motion, namely radial bearings, thrust bearings, radial axle bearings, and linear bearings. Bearings can also be distinguished in terms of the principle of operation. In linear bearings, the moving components are in direct contact with each other, while in rolling bearings, the moving components do not come into direct contact but are separated by rolling elements. Rolling bearings may be roller bearings or ball bearings. Roller bearings may exist as needle roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, conical roller bearings, and self-aligning roller bearings. Bearings are typically supplied with a lubricating grease filler during manufacturing, which is held within the bearing or guide by appropriate sealing elements.

[0006] A key criterion for lubricating grease is its shear stability. Shear stability is a mechanical parameter derived from structural stability. Shear loads usually cause irreversible destruction or change in lubricating grease. Shear stability indicates the resistance of the lubricating grease's consistency to shear loads. Low shear stability is manifested by a large or rapid decrease in the consistency of the lubricating grease under shear loads.

[0007] A decrease in consistency leads to adverse effects on lubrication film thickness, load capacity, and increased wear on parts, as well as a shortened lifespan of the lubricating grease and lubricated parts.

[0008] In practice, to improve shear stability, current efforts are being made to modify the manufacturing process or to introduce special shear-stabilizing thickeners that increase the viscosity of the base oil in the grease.

[0009] Therefore, in order to adjust the high base oil viscosity in grease, for example, a very viscous base oil component is used.

[0010] On the other hand, the use of special additives to improve shear stability is not actually common. However, their presence is desirable because it allows existing manufacturing processes and lubricating grease concepts to be maintained, and also allows the use of base oils with low basic viscosity.

[0011] The use of polymers in lubricating greases is well known. These typically serve to improve viscosity / temperature behavior, enhance viscosity and adhesion behavior (tackifiers), or increase viscosity.

[0012] A grease composition containing a polyamide oligomer as a thickening agent is known from German Patent Application Publication No. 102017222515.

[0013] European Patent No. 17050209 and European Patent Application Publication No. 1721959 describe, for example, the use of microgels as carriers for additives in lubricating greases and as rheological additives.

[0014] European Patent Application Publication No. 1099717 describes the use of star-shaped polymers to improve the viscosity index of lubricating greases.

[0015] International Publication No. 2012 / 055821 describes the use of polymer fibers as a thickener for lubricating greases.

[0016] European Patent Application Publication No. 079559701 describes combinations of polymers with melting points above 200°C and copolymers and homopolymers of propylene as thickeners.

[0017] European Patent No. 1730256 describes a functionalized polymer as a thickening agent component.

[0018] U.S. Patent No. 8,975,218 describes combining two polymers (ethylene-propylene copolymer and styrene-isoprene copolymer) in lithium soap grease to reduce oil separation at high temperatures.

[0019] European Patent No. 0942063 describes a combination of a polyolefin component, such as polypropylene, and a rubber component as a thickener for lubricating grease.

[0020] None of the above-mentioned literatures present a concept for improving the shear stability of lubricating grease by adding additives.

[0021] The fundamental problem of this invention is to provide a lubricating grease that has high shear stability and can maintain existing manufacturing processes and lubricating grease concepts during production.

[0022] This problem concerns lubricating grease, a) At least one base oil in an amount of 50% to 95.8% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease. b) At least one thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, single metal soaps of elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, especially lithium single soaps, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of 4% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease. c) At least one semicrystalline polyalphaolefin having at least one melt peak above 10°C as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a degree of crystallinity of 15% to 45%, in an amount of 0.2% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, wherein the degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by calculating the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g. This is resolved by lubricating grease, which includes [the specified component].

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease is a) At least one base oil in an amount of 50% to 92% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, b) At least one thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, single metal soaps of elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, especially lithium single soaps, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of 4% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease. c) At least one semicrystalline polyalphaolefin having at least one melt peak above 10°C as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a degree of crystallinity of 15% to 45%, in an amount of 0.2% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, wherein the degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by calculating the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g, d) 0.5% to 43% by weight of the total weight of the lubricating grease, at least one additive different from those in b) and c), particularly at least one solid lubricant (d1), at least one further thickener (d2), and / or at least one auxiliary agent (d3). Includes.

[0024] In a more preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease is a) At least one base oil in an amount of 50% to 92% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, b) At least one thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, single metal soaps of elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, especially lithium single soaps, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of 4% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease. c) At least one semicrystalline polyalphaolefin having at least one melt peak above 10°C as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a degree of crystallinity of 15% to 45%, in an amount of 0.2% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, wherein the degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by calculating the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g, d) At least one additional additive different from b) and c), in an amount of 0.5 to 43% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease: d1) At least one solid lubricant in an amount of 1% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, and / or d2) 1% to 10% by weight of the total weight of the lubricating grease, preferably at least one further thickener selected from aluminum mono soap, calcium sulfonate, bentonite, amorphous silica, hydrophobic amorphous silica, silicates, polyimides and mixtures thereof, and / or d3) At least one auxiliary agent selected from 0.5% to 23% by weight of the total weight of the lubricating grease, preferably antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, high-pressure additives, anti-wear agents, metal deactivators, especially non-ferrous metal deactivators, such as chelating agents, pour point improvers, VI improvers, radical scavengers, UV stabilizers, reaction layer forming agents, adhesion improvers, conductivity improvers, additives for reducing oil separation, and mixtures thereof. Further additives including Includes.

[0025] Semicrystalline polyalphaolefin c) According to the present invention, the lubricating grease contains a semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin with a crystallinity of 15% to 45%. To determine the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, first the enthalpy of melt of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, and the obtained enthalpy of melt is divided by 2.93 J / g.

[0026] The value of 2.93 J / g is obtained from the enthalpy of melt of 100% crystalline polyethylene (UHMWPE). Therefore, the degree of crystallinity of semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins is based on 100% crystalline polyethylene. The enthalpy of melt of 100% crystalline polyethylene can be determined in accordance with ASTM F 2625-10 (2016). This yields an enthalpy of melt of 293 J / g. To relate the degree of crystallinity of semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins to 100% crystalline polyethylene (UHMWPE), the enthalpy of melt of the polyalphaolefin, obtained in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, is divided by the enthalpy of melt of 100% crystalline polyethylene, i.e., 293 J / g, and multiplied by 100. This is equivalent to dividing by 2.93 J / g.

[0027] The semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to the present invention has at least one melting peak above 10°C, as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018. This differs from conventional polyalphaolefins used as base oils.

[0028] Surprisingly, according to the present invention, it has been found that the shear stability of lubricating grease can be improved when semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins with a crystallinity of 15% to 45% are used in combination with a thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, particularly lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, single metal soaps of elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, particularly lithium single soaps, and mixtures. Surprisingly, in actual tests, it was found that the thickeners used in the present invention significantly improve shear stability when combined with semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins, while the combination of calcium soap as a thickener with semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins does not improve it, and on the contrary, worsens shear stability.

[0029] While not tied to a specific mechanism, the observed effect of improving shear stability is thought to be due to the fact that semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins with a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, when combined with selected thickeners, can create or improve upon the structuring properties already present in the lubricating grease.

[0030] Furthermore, polyalphaolefins having a degree of crystallinity outside the claimed range are not thought to interact with thickeners and therefore do not have the effect of enhancing shear stability. Consequently, polyalphaolefins with a degree of crystallinity of less than 15% interact with the base oil but not with thickeners, while polyalphaolefins with a degree of crystallinity exceeding 45% do not appear to show significant interaction with either the base oil or the thickener.

[0031] Preferred semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins have a degree of crystallinity of 20% to 35%, determined by calculating the melt enthalpy of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing it by 2.93 J / g.

[0032] Suitable semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins include oligomers and / or polymers of α-olefins. Semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins with a crystallinity of 15% to 45% can be produced, for example, by oligomerization or polymerization of starting materials containing α-olefins and internal olefins. In this case, as is known to those skilled in the art, the crystallinity can be adjusted by appropriately selecting, for example, the starting materials, particularly the chain lengths of the α-olefins used, their proportions, catalysts, and / or reaction conditions.

[0033] The semicrystalline polyalphaolefins usable in this invention are commercially available, for example, under the trademark names Vybar® 260 or Vybar® C-6112. Semicrystalline polyalphaolefins such as Vybar® 260 are also described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004 / 0040200 and U.S. Patent No. 4224204. The semicrystalline polyalphaolefins with a crystallinity of 15% to 45% used in this invention may consist of only one type of semicrystalline polyalphaolefin or several different types. In this case, the different types of semicrystalline polyalphaolefins may differ in their crystallinity (determined by calculating the melt enthalpy of the polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 (April 2019) and dividing by 2.93 J / g) as long as each type is between 15% and 45%. Various semicrystalline polyalphaolefins may differ in other parameters, such as molecular weight, chain length, and / or degree of branching.

[0034] As described above, semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins can be produced by polymerizing or oligomerizing olefin-containing starting materials that include α-olefins and / or internal olefins.

[0035] Olefins (α-olefins and / or internal olefins) that can be used in the production of semicrystalline polyalphaolefins preferably have at least 14 carbon atoms. Preferably, the olefin has 14 to 50 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 44, more preferably 14 to 30, even more preferably 16 to 50, even more preferably 16 to 44, even more preferably 16 to 30, and particularly preferably 20 to 24 carbon atoms.

[0036] α-olefins may have the structure RCH=CH2 or R2C=CH2. In this case, the residues R are independently of each other, preferably alkyl groups having 14 to 50 carbon atoms. Preferably, the starting material contains an α-olefin with the structure RCH=CH2. Suitable α-olefins include, for example, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-docosene, and 1-tetradocosene. Usually, mixtures of these substances are used. α-olefins may be linear or branched.

[0037] Olefins can be produced by various methods, for example, by polymerizing olefins such as ethylene in the presence of a Ziegler-type catalyst.

[0038] Internal olefins have at least one double bond within their molecule. Examples include β-olefins and γ-olefins.

[0039] The starting materials may also include further common components for polymerizable compositions, such as polymerization catalysts.

[0040] Polymerization of olefin-containing starting materials can be carried out by conventional methods, as long as a semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin with a crystallinity of 15% to 45% is obtained. Suitable methods include radical polymerization (using conventional radical methods such as thermal decomposition, photoinitiation, and electrochemical initiation, and using chemical radical initiators such as azo or diazo compounds, peroxides, or hydroperoxides), coordination polymerization, and the like.

[0041] Particularly preferred semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins have an acid value of 10 mg KOH / g to 120 mg KOH / g, preferably 40 mg KOH / g to 100 mg KOH / g, in accordance with ASTM D664-18e1. The acid value is due to the acid groups contained in the polyalphaolefin. Actual tests have shown that such semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins are particularly effective.

[0042] A particularly preferred semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is a mixture of at least two different semicrystalline polyalphaolefins, where at least one semicrystalline polyalphaolefin has an acid value of 10 mg KOH / g to 120 mg KOH / g, preferably 40 mg KOH / g to 100 mg KOH / g, in accordance with ASTM D664-18e1, and at least one other semicrystalline polyalphaolefin has an acid value of less than 10 mg KOH / g, in accordance with ASTM D664-18e1.

[0043] A particularly preferred semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is Vybar® C-6112®, available from Baker Hughes Incorporated (Baker Petrolite Polymers Division).

[0044] The preferred semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to the present invention has a molecular weight Mn greater than 2500 g / mol, for example, 2500 g / mol to 37000 g / mol, more preferably 2500 g / mol to 5600 g / mol, and particularly 3000 g / mol to 5600 g / mol, as measured in accordance with DIN 55672-1:2016-03.

[0045] Preferably, the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is waxy at room temperature (20°C). In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin has a freezing point of 60°C to about 90°C, in accordance with DIN ISO 2207:1983-12. Furthermore, the viscosity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin may be 30 cPs to 1800 cPs at 100°C, preferably about 80 to 220 cPs at 100°C, as measured in accordance with ASTM D3236-15 (2021).

[0046] The amount of semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is preferably in the range of 1% to 25% by weight, more preferably in the range of 3% to 20% by weight, and particularly in the range of 3% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease.

[0047] Thickener b) According to the present invention, the lubricating grease comprises at least one thickener b) selected from a urea thickener, a metal complex soap, particularly lithium complex soap, aluminum complex soap, calcium complex soap, a single metal soap of an element from the first group of the periodic table, particularly lithium single soap, and mixtures thereof.

[0048] A preferred thickener b) is selected from urea thickeners, lithium complex soaps, lithium monosodium soaps, and mixtures thereof.

[0049] Thickeners are solid substances (insoluble solids) that are nearly or completely insoluble in the base oil and have a thickening effect. By adding thickeners, lubricating grease can be produced from lubricating oil. Lubricating grease is a composition containing a liquid phase and a solid (at room temperature of 20°C). The consistency of lubricating grease can be determined based on a standardized measurement method in the form of so-called mixed consistency, in accordance with DIN ISO 2137 (2020). Mixed consistency is measured using a penetrometer as the penetration depth of a standard cone under specified conditions after the lubricating grease has been mixed in a grease kneader or lubricating grease mixer. The measured cone penetration depth is then assigned to a specified NLGI class (NLGI = American Lubricating Grease Association) in accordance with DIN 51818 (1.12 1981). The lubricating grease according to the present invention, when measured in accordance with DIN ISO 2137 (2020), has a mixing consistency of preferably 85 to 475 in 0.1 mm units, and more preferably a cone penetration of 220 to 400.

[0050] Preferably, the ratio of the thickener b) to the total weight of the lubricating grease is 6% to 18% by weight, more preferably 8% to 15% by weight.

[0051] Urea thickener In a preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease contains a urea thickener. The advantage of the urea thickener is that it can be used even at high application temperatures. Preferably, the urea thickener is a reaction product of an organic monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional and / or polyfunctional isocyanate with an aliphatic and / or aromatic monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional and / or polyfunctional organic amine and / or a mixture thereof.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the urea thickener is an alkylated and / or arylated (oligo)urea. A preferred urea thickener is a reaction product of at least one diisocyanate and at least one amine selected from monoamines, polyamines and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the diisocyanate is selected from 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4'-diisocyanatediphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanatophenylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanatediphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanate-3-3'-dimethylphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanate-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethane and mixtures thereof.

[0053] Preferably, the amine is of the formula R a 2N-R b monoamine of, of the formula R a 2N-R c -NR a 2 diamine of, and mixtures thereof, wherein R a is independently hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C 22 alkyl and C6-C 14 aryl, R b is independently a linear or branched C1-C 22 alkyl residue and C6-C 14 aryl residue, R c is preferably a divalent bridging group selected from C1-C 22 alkylene and C6-C 14 arylene.

[0054] Preferred urea thickeners include at least one diisocyanate, preferably 2,4-diisocyanate-toluene, 2,6-diisocyanate-toluene, 4,4'-diisocyanate-diphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanate-diphenylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanate-diphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanate-3,3'-dimethyldiphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanate-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethane, which can be used alone or in combination with a compound of the general formula (H2N) x R d [In the formula, x = 1 or 2, R d is C6~C 14 Aryl residues, C1-C 22 Alkyl residues, C3-C 22 Cycloalkyl residues or C1-C 22 It is a reaction product of an alkylene residue with an amine or diamine.

[0055] In particularly preferred embodiments, the urea thickener may be used alone or in combination with diisocyanates, preferably 2,4-diisocyanate-toluene, 2,6-diisocyanate-toluene, 4,4'-diisocyanate-diphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanate-diphenylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanate-diphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanate-3,3'-dimethyldiphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanate-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethane, and may be used alone or in combination with a general formula (H2N)1R e [In the formula, R e is C6~C 14 Aryl residues, C1-C 22 Alkyl residues, C3-C 22 Cycloalkyl residues or C1-C 22 It is a reaction product of an alkylene residue with an amine.

[0056] In particularly preferred embodiments, the urea thickener may be 2,4-diisocyanate toluene, 2,6-diisocyanate toluene and / or 4,4'-diisocyanate diphenylmethane, preferably a mixture of 2,4-diisocyanate toluene and 2,6-diisocyanate toluene, or preferably a mixture of 2,4-diisocyanate toluene, 2,6-diisocyanate toluene and 4,4'-diisocyanate diphenylmethane, or preferably 4,4'-diisocyanate diphenylmethane, either alone or in combination with a urea thickener of general formula (H2N)1R e [In the formula, R e is C6~C 14 Aryl residues, C1-C 22 Alkyl residues, C3-C 22 Cycloalkyl residues or C1-C 22 It is a reaction product of an alkylene residue with an amine.

[0057] Metal composite soaps and single metal soaps of elements from Group 1 of the periodic table. In a more preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease comprises a metal complex soap and / or a single metal soap as a thickener b), where the single metal soap is a single metal soap of an element from Group 1 of the periodic table. In this case, according to the present invention, calcium complex soap, aluminum complex soap, lithium complex soap, lithium single soap, and / or mixtures thereof are preferred.

[0058] A suitable metal-compound soap consists of a metal base (e.g., hydroxide, alcoholate, oxide, or carbonate) and e) Unsaturated or saturated carbon 10 ~C 32 Monocarboxylic acids or unsaturated or saturated C 10 ~C 32 Hydroxymonocarboxylic acid, and the above C 10 ~C 32 Monocarboxylic acids and C 10 ~C 32 A hydroxymonocarboxylic acid derivative, preferably at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component selected from esters and mixtures thereof, f) at least one complexing agent and It can be obtained by reacting the two.

[0059] The preferred esters for components e) and f) are, independently of each other, methyl esters and / or triglycerides. The preferred metal bases are metal hydroxides, preferably lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and / or metal alkoleates, preferably aluminum alkoleates.

[0060] The aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component e) is preferably saturated or unsaturated C 12 ~C 22 Monocarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C 12 ~C 22 The monocarboxylic acids and hydroxymonocarboxylic acids e) are selected from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid, stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, preferably 12-hydroxystearic acid, 17-hydroxystearic acid, 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, sebacate monostearylamide, terephthalic acid monostearylamide, their esters, especially methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof.

[0061] More preferably, the carboxylic acid component e) comprises a mixture of various carboxylic acids and / or esters thereof.

[0062] The complexing agent f) is preferably a saturated or unsaturated C1-C3 monocarboxylic acid, a saturated or unsaturated C2-C3 monocarboxylic acid, or a saturated or unsaturated C2-C3 monocarboxylic acid. 36 Dicarboxylic acids, preferably C4-C 36 Dicarboxylic acids, especially C2-C2 16 Dicarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C4-C 60 Tricarboxylic acid, preferably C4-C 36Tricarboxylic acid, 4 or more carboxylic acid groups, preferably saturated or unsaturated C6-C having 4 carboxylic acid groups. 60 Carboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C2-C8 hydroxymonocarboxylic acids, C4-C 36 The following are selected from aryl carboxylic acids, their esters, especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides, inorganic acids, especially boric acid, phosphoric acid and organophosphoric acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0063] More preferably, the complexing agent f) is a saturated or unsaturated C1-C3 monocarboxylic acid, a saturated or unsaturated C2-C3 monocarboxylic acid, or a saturated or unsaturated C2-C3 monocarboxylic acid. 36 Dicarboxylic acids, preferably C4-C 36 Dicarboxylic acids, especially C2-C2 16 Dicarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C4-C 60 Tricarboxylic acid, preferably C4-C 36 Tricarboxylic acid, 4 or more carboxylic acid groups, preferably saturated or unsaturated C6-C having 4 carboxylic acid groups. 60 Carboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C2-C8 hydroxymonocarboxylic acids, C4-C 36 Selected from arylcarboxylic acids, their esters, particularly their methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof.

[0064] As dicarboxylic acid f), adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, 3-tert-butyladipic acid, and their esters and mixtures are particularly suitable. Hydroxybenzoic acids, such as salicylic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-hexylbenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 4-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, are also particularly suitable as component f). As C1-C3 monocarboxylic acids, lactic acid, acetic acid, and / or propionic acid are particularly suitable.

[0065] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the complexing agent f) is an aliphatic C1-C3 monocarboxylic acid, an aliphatic C4-C3 monocarboxylic acid, and aliphatic C4-C3 monocarboxylic acid. 36 Dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic C4-C 36Tricarboxylic acid, C4~C 36 Selected from arylcarboxylic acids, their esters, particularly their methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof.

[0066] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the complexing agent f) is selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid, terephthalic acid, dodecanediic acid, highly functional carboxylic acids having three or more, preferably three to four, carboxylic acid groups and having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably citric acid and trimer acids, their esters, especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof.

[0067] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the complexing agent f) is selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanediic acid, their esters, especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof.

[0068] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the complexing agent f) is selected from azelaic acid, sebacic acid, their esters, especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof.

[0069] Preferred inorganic acids f) are boric acid, phosphoric acid, and organic phosphoric acid.

[0070] The aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component e) and the complexing agent f) may independently have further functional groups, preferably alcoholic hydroxyl groups and / or acid amide groups, provided that the monocarboxylic acid component e) has at most one acid group or ester group.

[0071] Particularly preferred metal composite soaps include a metal base selected from lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and / or metal alkoles, preferably aluminum alkoles, e) Unsaturated or saturated C 10 ~C23 At least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component selected from monocarboxylic acids, preferably stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, particularly 12-hydroxystearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, sebacate monostearylamide, terephthalic acid monostearylamide, their esters, particularly their methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof, f) At least one complexing agent selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanediic acid, their esters, especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof. It can be obtained by the reaction.

[0072] Metallic soaps are preferably produced starting from a mixture of various acids and / or their esters, as technically available products typically contain such mixtures.

[0073] In a more preferred embodiment, the metal composite soap is a metal base and e1) Unsaturated or saturated C 10 ~C 32 At least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component selected from monocarboxylic acids, their esters, particularly methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and / or mixtures thereof, e2) At least one aliphatic unsaturated or saturated C different from e1) 10 ~C 32 Monocarboxylic acids, preferably stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, especially 12-hydroxystearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, sebacate monostearylamide and / or terephthalic acid monostearylamide, their esters, especially methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof, f) Unsaturated or saturated C4~C 36Dicarboxylic acids, preferably azelaic acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid, terephthalic acid, dodecanediic acid, at least one unsaturated or saturated highly functional carboxylic acid having three or more, preferably three to four carboxylic acid groups and possibly 6 to 60 carbon atoms, for example, preferably citric acid and trimer acid, their esters, particularly methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and at least one complexing agent selected from mixtures thereof. It is manufactured by reacting [the two substances].

[0074] The advantage of using lithium-compound soap is that it can impart a high dropping point, good water resistance, and a wide operating temperature range to the lubricating grease. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease contains lithium-compound soap.

[0075] A preferred lithium-compound soap comprises lithium 12-hydroxystearate in combination with dilithium azelaate and / or dilithium sebacate. Most preferably, a metal-compound soap is a lithium-compound soap comprising a lithium salt of 12-hydroxystearic acid and azelaic acid or sebacate, particularly a lithium salt of 12-hydroxystearic acid and azelaic acid.

[0076] Similarly, in preferred embodiments, the lubricating grease comprises an aluminum-based soap and / or a calcium-based soap. A preferred aluminum-based soap comprises aluminum stearate and aluminum benzoate. A preferred calcium-based soap comprises calcium monostearyl sebacate in combination with calcium sebacate.

[0077] Metallic single soaps of elements in Group 1 of the periodic table In a similarly preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease comprises a single metallic soap of an element from the first group of the periodic table, particularly a single lithium soap.

[0078] Metallic single soaps can be produced by the reaction of fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters with a metal base. Unlike metal complex soaps, the production of metallic single soaps does not use complexing agents selected from saturated or unsaturated C1-C3 monocarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C2-C36 dicarboxylic acids, preferably C4-C36 dicarboxylic acids, especially C2-C16 dicarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C4-C60 tricarboxylic acids, preferably C4-C36 tricarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C6-C60 carboxylic acids having four or more carboxylic acid groups, preferably four carboxylic acid groups, saturated or unsaturated C2-C8 hydroxymonocarboxylic acids, C4-C36 arylcarboxylic acids, their esters, especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides, inorganic acids, especially boric acid, phosphoric acid and organophosphoric acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0079] Preferably, the single metal soap contains carboxylate only in the form of a monofunctional carboxylate.

[0080] Metallic single soaps are preferably produced starting from a mixture of various carboxylic acids and / or their esters, as technically available products typically contain such mixtures.

[0081] A suitable single metal soap is a metal base (e.g., hydroxide, alcoholate, oxide, or carbonate) and preferably an unsaturated or saturated C4-C 24 It is produced by reacting a monocarboxylic acid, preferably stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, particularly 12-hydroxystearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, sebacate monostearylamide, terephthalic acid monostearylamide, their esters, particularly methyl esters and / or triglycerides, and mixtures thereof, with at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component having 4 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 24 carbon atoms, particularly 10 to 32 carbon atoms.

[0082] A particularly preferred lithium monosorbent is a lithium salt of stearic acid, especially lithium 12-hydroxystearate.

[0083] Base oil a) According to the present invention, the lubricating grease contains 50% to 95.8% by weight, preferably 50% to 92% by weight, more preferably 60% to 92% by weight, and even more preferably 70% to 90% by weight of base oil, based on the total weight of the lubricating grease.

[0084] Base oil is understood to be a base liquid commonly used in the manufacture of lubricating greases, particularly an oil that can be classified into groups I, II, II+, III, IV, or V according to the classification of the American Petroleum Institute (API) [NLGI Spokesman, N. Samman, Volume 70, Number 11, S.14ff]. Particularly preferred base oils are selected from the group consisting of esters, ethers, mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, especially polyalphaolefins and / or polyisobutylenes, natural hydrocarbons, natural oils and derivatives of natural oils, silicone oils, and / or mixtures thereof. Base oil is distinct from semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins. Preferably, the base oil is not a polyalphaolefin having at least one melt peak above 10°C as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, and / or not a polyalphaolefin having a degree of crystallinity of 15% to 45%, where the degree of crystallinity of a semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by determining the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g.

[0085] Semicrystalline polyalphaolefins are not considered base oils according to the present invention. However, the base oil may be a polyalphaolefin, or may contain a polyalphaolefin, as long as the polyalphaolefin is different from a semicrystalline polyalphaolefin (polyalphaolefin base oil). The polyalphaolefin base oil preferably does not have a melting peak greater than 10° and / or a crystallinity of 15% to 45% as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, where the crystallinity of a semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by calculating the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g. The polyalphaolefin base oil can be distinguished from a semicrystalline polyalphaolefin based on its melting behavior.

[0086] According to the present invention, particularly preferred base oils are esters, ethers, mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, preferably polyalphaolefin base oils, especially metallocene-catalyzed polyalphaolefin base oils (mPAO base oils), and / or mixtures thereof.

[0087] According to the present invention, particularly preferred base oils are esters, ethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, preferably polyalphaolefin base oils, especially metallocene-catalyzed polyalphaolefin base oils (mPAO base oils) and / or mixtures thereof.

[0088] In certain embodiments, the lubricating grease contains, as a base oil, at least one ester selected from pentaerythritol ester, dipentaerythritol ester, trimellitic acid ester, hemimeltic acid ester, pyromellitic acid ester, estolide, dimer acid ester, trimer acid ester, trimethylolpropane ester (TMP ester), neopentyl glycol ester, dicarboxylic acid ester, and mixtures thereof.

[0089] Preferred esters are carboxylic acid esters, particularly monoesters, diesters, triesters, tetraesters, pentaesters, polyesters, aromatic esters, and mixtures thereof. Carboxylic acid esters preferably have a chain length of C4 to C22.

[0090] Particularly preferred esters are aromatic and / or aliphatic di-, tri-, or tetracarboxylic acids, and C7-C esters present individually or in mixtures. 22 Esters with alcohols, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol and aliphatic C7-C7 22 Esters with carboxylic acids, C7-C 22 C with alcohol 18 The selection is made from the group consisting of dimer acid esters, as well as complex esters and estolides.

[0091] More preferably, the base oil is selected from ethers, preferably polyphenyl ethers, diaryl ethers, triaryl ethers, polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF), and / or polyglycols, preferably homopolymers and / or copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,2-butylene oxide, starting with a monoalcohol, dialcohol, trialcohol, water, and / or polyhydric alcohol having 4, 5 or more alcoholic OH groups. Suitable polyhydric alcohols include, for example, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol.

[0092] In certain embodiments, the lubricating grease according to the present invention comprises, as a base oil, at least one ether selected from polyalkylene glycols (PAGs). Suitable poly(alkylene) glycols (PAGs) are homopolymers, copolymers, and mixtures (blends) thereof. With respect to the present invention, the term copolymer also refers to polymers (ternary polymers, quaternary polymers, etc.) composed of three, four or more different monomers. Suitable poly(alkylene) glycols are polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, and copolymers of two or more different alkylene oxide copolymers. Suitable alkylene oxides for the production of poly(alkylene) glycols are, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and 1,2- and 2,3-butylene oxides. Suitable examples of copolymers are copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, copolymers of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide, and copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and at least one butylene oxide. The alkylene oxide copolymer may contain copolymerized alkylene oxide units in a randomly distributed form or in the form of blocks.

[0093] Particularly preferred polyalkylene glycols are copolymers of polypropylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide with propylene oxide.

[0094] More advantageously, linear or branched perfluoropolyether oils (PFPE oils) are suitable as base oils. For example, formula: R A -(O-CF2) v -(O-C2F4) w -(O-C3F6) x -(O-CFCF3) y -(O-CF2CF(CF3)) z -OR B [In the formula, R A and R B[These are either the same or different, selected from -CF3, -C2F5, and -C3F7, and v, w, x, y, and z are integers between 0 and 500 (exclusive)] Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) is suitable. PFPE oil is sold under the trademark names Aflunox®, Krytox®, Fomblin®, and Demnum®, for example.

[0095] More advantageously, synthetic hydrocarbons, mineral oils, and mixtures thereof are suitable as base oils. Synthetic hydrocarbons, in this case, are different from the semicrystalline polyalphaolefins used in the present invention. Preferably, synthetic hydrocarbons do not have a melting peak above 10°C and / or a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, where the crystallinity of semicrystalline polyalphaolefins is determined by determining the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g. Polyalphaolefin base oils can be distinguished from semicrystalline polyalphaolefins based on their melting behavior.

[0096] For base oils, Group III oils are even more advantageous. Group III oils (hydrocracking synthetic oils) are synthetic hydrocarbons derived from petroleum base oils, produced entirely by hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and hydrodesulfurization. They contain at least 90 percent saturated compounds and up to 0.03 percent sulfur, and have a viscosity index of at least 120.

[0097] As a base oil, GTL oil (Gas to Liquids oil) is even more advantageous. GTL oil is based on synthesis gas, which consists of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and long-chain hydrocarbons are produced from this synthesis gas using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

[0098] A preferred synthetic hydrocarbon is polyalphaolefin base oil. As described above, polyalphaolefin base oil is different from the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin used in the present invention. Polyalphaolefin base oil is also called group IV oil and typically has a viscosity index in the range of 125 to 200. Polyalphaolefin base oil can be catalytically produced from ethylene by known methods, in which alphaolefins with longer chain lengths are initially produced as intermediate products. Then, polyalphaolefin base oil is synthesized basically by oligomerization, typically producing isoparaffins with different numbers of side chains of the same length. Synthesis can be carried out by acid catalyst (conventional) or metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization (mPAO). Conventional polyalphaolefin base oil has a high degree of isomerization, whereas metallocene oligomerization produces products that are essentially non-isomerized. Suitable polyalphaolefin base oils are, for example, oligomers, preferably dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and higher oligomers having more than five repeating alphaolefin units, as well as mixtures of these oligomers. The alphaolefins used for the production of polyalphaolefin base oils are preferably C8-C 14 Alpha-olefins are selected from 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, and mixtures thereof. Polyalphaolefin base oils are typically mixtures of oligomers or polymers produced from α-olefins or isomerized α-olefins.

[0099] More advantageously, silicone oil is suitable as the base oil. Preferably, dimethyl silicone oil and / or phenylmethyl silicone oil are used as the base oil.

[0100] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the base oil is a fluorine-free base oil, preferably selected from pentaerythritol esters, dipentaerythritol esters, trimellitic acid esters, hemimellitic acid esters, pyromellitic acid esters, estolides, dimer acid esters, trimer acid esters, dicarboxylic acid esters, diaryl ethers, polyglycols, synthetic hydrocarbons, conventional polyalphaolefin base oils (PAO base oils), metallocene-catalyzed polyalphaolefin base oils (mPAO base oils), mineral oils, untreated and chemically modified vegetable oils, Group III oils, dimethyl silicone oils, and mixtures. Preferred ethers are homopolymers and / or copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, and / or tetrahydrofuran (THF), preferably initiated from monoalcohols, dialcohols, and trialcohols. Preferred synthetic hydrocarbons are alkylated naphthalenes and polyalphaolefin base oils.

[0101] Preferably, the base oil has a kinematic viscosity of less than 20000 mm 2 / s at 40 °C, preferably 10 mm 2 / s to 2000 mm 2 / s, particularly 15 mm 2 ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​It has a kinematic viscosity of / s. Similarly preferred polyisobutylene base oils are determined in accordance with the September 2014 edition of ASTM-D-7042, which has a kinematic viscosity of 25 mm at 100°C. 2 / s~15000mm 2 / s, preferably 100mm 2 / s~2000mm 2 / s, especially 200mm 2 / s~1000mm 2 It has a kinematic viscosity of / s.

[0103] In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base oil is determined in accordance with the September 2014 edition of ASTM-D-7042, and is fermented at 40°C for 100 mm 2 / s~1200mm 2 Esters having a kinematic viscosity of / s, preferably dipentaerythritol esters, trimellitic acid esters, hemimeric acid esters, pyromellitic acid esters, estolides, pentaerythritol esters, dimer acid esters, trimeritic acid esters, TMP esters, and dicarboxylic acid esters; each determined in accordance with the September 2014 edition of ASTM-D-7042, at 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s~1200mm 2 An ether, preferably polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF), polyphenyl ether, diaryl ether, triaryl ether, linear or branched perfluoropolyether oil having a kinematic viscosity of / s; preferably starting with water, monoalcohol, dialcohol and / or trialcohol, each determined in accordance with the September 2014 edition of ASTM-D-7042, at 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s~46000mm 2 Polyglycols, preferably homopolymers and / or copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,2-butylene oxide, having a kinematic viscosity of 1 / s; each determined in accordance with the September 2014 edition of ASTM-D-7042, at 10 mm at 40°C. 2 / s~20000mm 2Synthetic hydrocarbons, preferably alkylated naphthalenes, polyalphaolefin base oils (PAO base oils), and metallocene polyalphaolefin base oils (mPAO base oils) having a kinematic viscosity of / s; determined in accordance with the September 2014 edition of ASTM-D-7042, at 10 mm at 40°C. 2 / s~100mm 2 Group III oils having a kinematic viscosity of / s, determined according to the September 2014 edition of ASTM-D-7042, at 40°C and 10 mm 2 / s~1200mm 2 Having a kinematic viscosity of / s and / or determined in accordance with the September 2008 edition of DIN 53019, respectively, 20 to 2,000,000 mm at 25°C 2 A kinematic viscosity of 1 / s is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl silicone oil, arylated silicone oil, preferably alkylaryl silicone oil, particularly methyl / aryl silicone oil and fully arylated silicone oil, and these can be used alone or in combination.

[0104] Further additives The lubricating grease may contain further additives d) different from the thickener b) and semicrystalline polyalphaolefin c).

[0105] If a component used as a further additive in the lubricating grease according to the present invention has several functions, such as a thickener and a friction coefficient modifier, and is also referred to in this application as an additive for several purposes, then quantitatively this component is fully included in each of these additive components.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease comprises 0.5 to 43% by weight, preferably 1% to 30% by weight, and more preferably 3% to 25% by weight, of at least one additive d) different from thickener b) and semicrystalline polyalphaolefin c), particularly at least one solid lubricant (d1), at least one further thickener (d2) different from thickener b), and / or at least one auxiliary agent (d3), based on the total weight of the lubricating grease.

[0107] Particularly preferred is the lubricating grease comprising 0.5% to 43% by weight of at least one additional additive d) different from b) and c) based on the total weight of the lubricating grease, d1) At least one solid lubricant in an amount of 1% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, and / or d2) At least one additional thickener different from b) in 1% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, preferably selected from aluminum mono soap, calcium sulfonate, bentonite, amorphous silica, hydrophobic amorphous silica, silicates, polyimides and mixtures thereof, and / or d3) At least one additive in an amount of 0.5% to 23% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease. Includes further additives (d).

[0108] In a preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease comprises at least one solid lubricant (d1) in an amount of 1% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease. The solid lubricant (d1) may be PTFE in particular, metal oxides, metal carbonates, especially calcium carbonate, metal phosphates, graphite, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, and mixtures thereof.

[0109] In a more preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease comprises 1% to 10% by weight of at least one additional thickener (d2) different from b), preferably selected from aluminum monosoap, calcium sulfonate, bentonite, amorphous silica, hydrophobized amorphous silica, silicates, polyimides, and mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the lubricating grease.

[0110] In a more preferred embodiment, the lubricating grease contains at least one additive (d3) in an amount of 0.5% to 23% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease.

[0111] The auxiliary agents may be antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, high-pressure additives, anti-wear agents, metal deactivators, especially non-ferrous metal deactivators, such as chelating agents, pour point improvers, VI improvers, radical scavengers, UV stabilizers, reaction layer forming agents, adhesion improvers, conductivity improvers, especially ionic liquids, additives for reducing oil separation, and mixtures thereof.

[0112] Corrosion inhibitor The lubricating grease according to the present invention may contain at least one corrosion inhibitor as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0113] Corrosion inhibitors neutralize acidic reaction products, for example, from the oxidation of base oils or the decomposition of additives. This weakens or prevents corrosive activity. Suitable corrosion inhibitors are salts of various acids, such as sulfonates, naphthenates, carboxylates, amine phosphates, succinic acid semiesters, or partial polyol esters. The corrosion inhibitor is preferably selected from calcium sulfonate, preferably "overbased" calcium sulfonate with a base number (TBN) of 100-500 mg KOH / g, phosphates (partially) neutralized with amines, alkylated calcium naphthalene sulfonates, oxazoline derivatives, imidazole derivatives, succinic acid semiesters, benzotriazoles, N-alkylated benzotriazoles, and mixtures thereof.

[0114] Preferably, the lubricating grease contains at least one corrosion inhibitor d3) in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and especially at least 1.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease.

[0115] Antioxidant The lubricating grease according to the present invention may contain at least one antioxidant as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0116] Antioxidants enhance resistance to aging due to oxidative and / or thermal stress in lubricated areas. Oxidation can produce acidic and oil-insoluble components, which can form impurities that can accumulate in lubricated areas.

[0117] Suitable antioxidants include aromatic amine antioxidants, such as alkylated phenyl-α-naphthylamine, dialkyldiphenylamine, aralkylated diphenylamine, sterically hindered phenols, such as butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), bis-2,6-di-t-butylphenol derivatives, sulfur-containing hindered phenols, sulfur-containing hindered bisphenols, and mixtures thereof.

[0118] Preferably, the lubricating grease according to the present invention contains at least one antioxidant in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and particularly at least 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0119] metal deactivator The lubricating grease according to the present invention may contain at least one metal deactivator (an additive for protection against the effects of metal) as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0120] Various metals, such as copper and its compounds, contribute to oxidation because they act as catalysts for the formation of peroxides. Suitable metal deactivators are chelating agents that passivate metal surfaces. Non-limiting examples of metal deactivators include triazoles or thiadiazoles, particularly aryltriazoles, such as benzotriazoles and tolyltriazoles, alkyl derivatives of such triazoles, and benzothiadiazoles, such as R(C6H3)N2S [wherein R represents H or C1-C10 alkyl].

[0121] Preferably, the lubricating grease according to the present invention contains at least one metal deactivator in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and particularly at least 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0122] Anti-wear agent The lubricating grease according to the present invention may contain at least one anti-wear agent as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0123] Anti-wear agents are used to prevent wear caused by tribological processes, such as fluid friction and mixed friction.

[0124] The anti-wear agent is preferably selected from amine-neutralized phosphates, alkylated and non-alkylated triaryl phosphates, alkylated and non-alkylated triaryl thiophosphates, Zn-, Mo- or W-dialkyldithiophosphates, Zn-, Mo- or W-diaryldithiophosphates, carbamates, thiocarbamates, Zn-, Mo- or W-dithiocarbamates, dimercaptothiadiazoles, organoborates, organophosphites, and mixtures thereof.

[0125] Preferably, the lubricating grease according to the present invention contains at least one anti-wear agent in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and particularly at least 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0126] Viscosity index improver The lubricating grease according to the present invention may contain at least one viscosity index improver (VI improver) as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0127] Examples of VI improvers include olefin copolymers, polyalkyl methacrylates, and dispersive olefin copolymers.

[0128] Preferably, the lubricating grease according to the present invention contains at least one VI improver in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and particularly at least 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0129] High-pressure additive The lubricating grease according to the present invention may contain at least one extreme pressure additive as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0130] High-pressure additives act as coating agents and / or surfactants. Preferred high-pressure additives are selected from thiophosphates, e.g., zinc dithiophosphate, molybdenum oxide sulfide dithiophosphate, molybdenum amine compounds, sulfur compounds, e.g., sulfurized oils and fats, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized fatty acid esters, alkylated polysulfides, and mixtures thereof.

[0131] Preferably, the lubricating grease according to the present invention contains at least one high-pressure additive in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and particularly at least 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0132] Pour point improver The lubricating grease according to the present invention may contain at least one pour point improver as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0133] Preferred additives for improving the pour point are selected from linear or branched alkylated, acrylic, and / or aliphatic polymers, copolymers, etc., which can be used alone or in combination. A specific example of a pour point depressant is polyalkyl methacrylate.

[0134] Preferably, the lubricating grease according to the present invention contains at least one pour point improver in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and particularly at least 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0135] Adhesion enhancer The lubricating grease according to the present invention may contain at least one adhesion enhancer as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0136] Preferred additives for improving adhesion are selected from long-chain polar polymers that impart enhanced adhesion to the oil or grease to the surface to be lubricated.

[0137] Preferably, the lubricating grease according to the present invention contains at least one adhesion improver in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and particularly at least 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0138] If present, the proportion of additive d3) in the lubricating grease according to the present invention is preferably 0.5% to 23% by weight, more preferably 0.5% to 20% by weight, even more preferably 1% to 18% by weight, and particularly 1.5% to 12% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating grease. Preferably, the additive is used in the form of phosphorus-containing, sulfur-containing, nitrogen-containing and / or oxygen-containing compounds, polymers and / or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred auxiliary agents are aromatic amines, phenols, especially alkylated phenols, triazoles, such as benzotriazole and tolyltriazole, esters, especially sulfurized fatty acid esters, glycerol monoesters or diesters, sorbitan esters, thiadiazoles, dithiocarbamates, especially molybdenum dithiocarbamate, phosphates, especially thiophosphates, oligomeric phosphates, oligomeric thiophosphates, dithiophosphates, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, molybdenum dithiophosphates, amine phosphates, trialkyl phosphates, triaryl phosphates, phosphates, metal salts, carboxylic acids, polymers, especially polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers and / or mixtures thereof.

[0139] Particularly preferred adjuvants d3) are aromatic amines, alkylated phenols, thiadiazoles, dithiocarbamates, triaryl phosphates, amine phosphates, benzotriazoles, and / or mixtures thereof.

[0140] Preferred aromatic amines according to the present invention are styrene-diphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, phenyl-β-naphthylamine, octyl and / or butylated diphenylamine, particularly p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine and nonylated diphenylamine. Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricating grease has a diphenylamine, particularly p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, as an antioxidant.

[0141] A tribological system is generally a technical system that enables, influences, or hinders motion through contact, and its main components include a pair of working surfaces involved in tribological stress and a set of stresses acting upon them. Typically, a tribological system comprises at least one substrate in relative motion in contact with at least one opposing body. The set of stresses includes the load applied to the objects, as well as the motion conditions, friction conditions, and temperature. In one embodiment, a lubricating grease according to the present invention is present between these two objects.

[0142] In this invention, a tribological system refers specifically to a system in which friction occurs due to the relative motion of interacting surfaces, and lubrication is provided to minimize wear caused by stress on the surfaces resulting from that friction. The lubricating grease according to this invention reduces wear and ensures the function of parts subjected to frictional forces. Typical tribological systems in which the lubricating grease according to this invention is used include bearings, chains, compressors, and power transmissions.

[0143] The lubricating grease according to the present invention is very suitable as a lubricant in tribological systems, and especially as a lifelong lubricant.

[0144] In this regard, a further subject of the present invention is a tribological system, particularly one formed as a bearing, chain, compressor and / or transmission device, which includes a lubricating grease according to the present invention.

[0145] A preferred embodiment of the tribological system according to the present invention includes the embodiment described with respect to the lubricating grease according to the present invention, with necessary modifications.

[0146] The lubricating grease according to the present invention can be used in a variety of bearings, namely rolling bearings and / or sliding bearings. Preferred rolling bearings and / or sliding bearings are selected from radial bearings, thrust bearings, radial axle bearings and / or linear bearings.

[0147] Rolling bearings are particularly preferred because they are especially suitable for lifelong lubrication. Rolling bearings may be roller bearings or ball bearings. Roller bearings may be needle roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, conical roller bearings or self-aligning roller bearings. Ball bearings may be deep groove ball bearings, stepped ball bearings, self-aligning roller bearings and / or thrust ball bearings.

[0148] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tribological system is formed as a rolling bearing containing a lubricating grease according to the present invention, the lubricating grease having an upper limit operating temperature of at least 100°C, preferably 100°C to 200°C, and more preferably 120°C to 200°C, which is determined by 3000 rpm, a load of 1500 15N, and mounting position B in accordance with DIN 51825:2004-06.

[0149] The upper limit of operating temperature is reached when at least 50% of the bearing group (at least 5 test bearings) have reached an operating time of at least 100 hours at the test temperature.

[0150] In further specific embodiments of the present invention, the lubricating grease according to the present invention is used for lubricating sliding bearings, particularly chains, valves, plugs, particularly gas plugs, actuators, pneumatic cylinders, seals, and / or rolling bearings, particularly roller bearings, such as needle roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, cone roller bearings, self-aligning roller bearings or ball bearings, such as deep groove ball bearings, stepped ball bearings, self-aligning roller bearings and / or thrust ball bearings.

[0151] Preferred applications include tribological systems lubricated for life with the lubricating grease according to the present invention, particularly bearings, chains, compressors, and / or transmissions lubricated for life with the lubricating grease according to the present invention.

[0152] The use of the lubricating grease according to the present invention is equally preferred for the lifetime lubrication of tribological systems, particularly in industrial and / or automotive applications.

[0153] Preferred embodiments of use according to the present invention include the embodiments described with respect to lubricating greases according to the present invention, with necessary modifications.

[0154] In this context, the terms "lifetime lubricated" or "lifetime lubricated" are understood to mean that the lubricating grease is supplied only once to the tribological system and does not need to be replaced or renewed until the end of its intended service life.

[0155] The present invention further relates to the use of the lubricating grease according to the present invention for lubricating tribological systems that come into contact with food, such as transmission devices, rolling bearings and sliding bearings, working equipment in food processing, such as transport chains in refrigeration tunnels and conveyor belts, pneumatic cylinders and seals.

[0156] The present invention further relates to the use of the lubricating grease according to the present invention for lubricating tribological systems that come into contact with drinking water, such as valves and fittings for gas valves and (drinking) water taps, and / or tribological systems that require an application range within a temperature range of less than -60°C and greater than 160°C.

[0157] The present invention further relates to the use of lubricating greases according to the present invention for lubricating components having rolling bearings or sliding bearings in the automotive field, such as ball screw transmissions for automotive steering applications, actuators, transmissions, plastic transmissions, seals, particularly sliding roof seals, brake boosters and / or linear guides.

[0158] Furthermore, the lubricating grease according to the present invention is very suitable for lubricating the surface of sliding partners. Its advantageous properties are particularly well demonstrated when lubricating the surface of sliding partners including steel, non-ferrous metals, and / or plastics.

[0159] A further subject of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a tribological system in which a lubricating grease according to the present invention is introduced between mutually moving sliding partners.

[0160] Preferred embodiments of the method according to the present invention include embodiments described with respect to the lubricating grease according to the present invention.

[0161] Particularly preferably, a lifelong lubricated tribological system is manufactured. Similarly, particularly preferably, the tribological system is formed as a rolling bearing.

[0162] Preferably, the introduction of lubricating grease between mutually moving sliding partners is carried out by centralized lubrication, individual lubrication, preferably immersion lubrication, or injection lubrication, for example, using a lubricating grease gun and / or droplet supply system.

[0163] The present invention relates to a method for producing lubricating grease, preferably according to one or more embodiments described herein, A) A1) At least one base oil in an amount of 50% to 95.8% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease. A2) At least one thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, single metal soaps of elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, especially lithium single soaps, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of 4% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease. A step of preparing a base grease containing B) A step of mixing a semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in an amount of 0.2% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, having at least one melt peak above 10°C as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a degree of crystallinity of 15% to 45%, wherein the degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by determining the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g, with a base grease to obtain a lubricating grease. This also includes methods.

[0164] A preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention includes the preferred embodiment described for the lubricating grease according to the present invention with necessary modifications. For example, the method may include the addition of further substances such as additives, solid lubricants, and further thickeners.

[0165] A further subject of the present invention is lubricating grease produced by the method according to the present invention.

[0166] A further subject of the present invention is a semicrystalline polyalphaolefin having at least one melt peak above 10°C and a degree of crystallinity of 15% to 45%, as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, wherein the degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by determining the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g, and the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is used in combination with a thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, single metal soaps of elements of Group 1 of the periodic table, especially lithium single soaps, and mixtures thereof, to produce shear stability in lubricating oils and / or enhance the shear stability of lubricating greases.

[0167] Further subject to the present invention is a semicrystalline polyalphaolefin having at least one melt peak above 10°C and a degree of crystallinity of 15% to 45%, as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, wherein the degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by determining the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g, and a method for adding additives to lubricating oils and / or lubricating greases, comprising introducing the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin into the lubricating oil and / or lubricating grease in combination with a thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, single metal soaps of elements of Group 1 of the periodic table, especially lithium single soaps, and mixtures thereof.

[0168] This method can induce shear stability in lubricating oil and / or enhance the shear stability of lubricating grease.

[0169] A preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention includes the preferred embodiment described for the lubricating grease according to the present invention, with necessary modifications.

[0170] Measurement method Determination of the crystallinity of polyalphaolefins The degree of crystallinity of polyalphaolefin is determined by calculating its enthalpy of melt according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g. For baseline determination, Option 1 (linear interpolation baseline) DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 is used. The enthalpy of melt is determined during the second heating cycle. If more than one melting process occurs, the enthalpies of melt determined in this way are summed.

[0171] The present invention will be described in more detail below based on several non-limiting embodiments. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0172] [Figure 1] This figure shows the DSC curve of the tested substance.

[0173] Example 1: The degree of crystallinity of two semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins and one paraffin wax was determined. The basic data of the tested materials are shown in the table below.

[0174] [Table 1]

[0175] To determine the degree of crystallinity of the substance being tested, the enthalpy of fusion is first determined using DSC in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018. The following parameters are used: - Netzsch Geraetebau GmbH's DSC machine Phoenix 204 F1 - Aluminum crucible with double-hole lid (25 μl) - Sample weight 10 ± 0.3 mg - Temperature program (purge gas N2, 20 ml / min): Segment 1: 30°C to -50°C (20K / min) Segment 2: Isothermal, -50°C for 15 minutes Segment 3: -50℃~75℃ (2K / min) Segment 4: 75°C to -50°C (20K / min) Segment 5: Isothermal, -50°C for 15 minutes Segment 6 -50℃~75℃ (2K / min)

[0176] For baseline determination, Option 1 (linear interpolation baseline) DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 is adopted. The enthalpy of melt is determined during the second heating cycle. Segment 6 is used for evaluation.

[0177] Figure 1 shows the DSC curves of the tested substances: The parameters obtained by DSC are shown in the table below.

[0178] [Table 2]

[0179] It can be seen that the paraffin wax has a crystallinity of over 45%.

[0180] Example 2 A base grease 1 having the composition shown in the table below is prepared using calcium 12-hydroxystearate as a thickener, and a polyalphaolefin Vybar® C-6112 (polyalphaolefin 2) is added to it to produce a lubricating grease 1 not according to the present invention. In this example and all the following examples, the introduction of semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is performed by mixing at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes using a Hauschild Speedmixer DAC 700.1 FVZ, followed by homogenization using a three-roll mill (two rolling passes). Both the base grease and the lubricating grease are tested for dropping point and oil separation, and their cone penetration (comparison of the grease before testing and the grease after mixing) is measured. The results are shown in the table below.

[0181] [Table 3]

[0182] It has been found that adding semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin to a calcium monosorbent thickening base grease reduces the shear stability of the base grease.

[0183] Example 3 A base grease 2 having the composition shown in the table below is prepared using calcium 12-hydroxystearate as a thickener, and semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 2 (Vybar® C-6112) is added to it to produce a lubricating grease 2 not according to the present invention. Both the base grease and the lubricating grease are tested for dropping point and oil separation, and their cone penetration (comparison of the grease before testing and the grease after mixing) is measured. The results are shown in the table below.

[0184] [Table 4]

[0185] The addition of semicrystalline polyalphaolefin to calcium monosorbent thickening grease resulted in strong softening in both the pre-test grease and the mixed grease.

[0186] Example 4 A base grease 3 having the composition shown in the table below is prepared using calcium 12-hydroxystearate as a thickener, and semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin Vybar® C-6112 is added to it to produce a lubricating grease 3 not according to the present invention. Both the base grease and the lubricating grease are tested for dropping point and oil separation, and their cone penetration (comparison of the grease before testing and the grease after mixing) is measured. The results are shown in the table below.

[0187] [Table 5]

[0188] It can be seen that the addition of semicrystalline polyalphaolefin leads to a decrease in the dropping point.

[0189] Example 5 A base grease 4 having the composition shown in the table below is manufactured using lithium-compound soap, and polyalphaolefin Vybar® C-6112 is added to it to produce the lubricating grease 4 according to the present invention. Both the base grease and the lubricating grease are tested for dropping point and oil separation, and their cone penetration (comparison of the grease before testing and the grease after mixing) is measured. The results are shown in the table below.

[0190] [Table 6]

[0191] When semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is added to base grease 4 containing lithium-compound soap, surprisingly, the penetration of the lubricating grease according to the present invention becomes lower than that of the grease before testing, and the oil separation rate also decreases. In the shell roll test, solidification occurs in the mixed lubricating grease compared to the grease before testing. On the other hand, base grease 4 shows softening. Therefore, the solidification of lubricating grease 4 according to the present invention in the shell roll test is particularly surprising, as a stronger softening was expected when the initial penetration rate was low.

[0192] Example 6 A base grease 5 having the composition shown in the table below is prepared using a urea thickener, and semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 2 (Vybar® C-6112) is added to it to produce the lubricating grease 5 according to the present invention. Both the base grease and the lubricating grease are tested for dropping point and oil separation, and their cone penetration (comparison of the grease before testing and the grease after mixing) is measured. The results are shown in the table below.

[0193] [Table 7]

[0194] Surprisingly, the addition of semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin to base grease 5 significantly reduces the softening of urea grease in shell roll tests.

[0195] Example 7 A base grease 6 having the composition shown in the table below is manufactured using lithium-compound soap as a thickener, and semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 2 and Vybar® C-6112 are added to it to produce the lubricating grease 6 according to the present invention. Both the base grease and the lubricating grease are tested for dropping point and oil separation, and their cone penetration (comparison of the grease before testing and the grease after mixing) is measured. The results are shown in the table below.

[0196] [Table 8]

[0197] Surprisingly, the addition of polyalphaolefin to base grease 6 reduces the softening of lithium-compound soap-thickened grease in shell roll tests.

[0198] Example 8 The lithium monosorbent grease contains 8.6% by weight of lithium 12-hydroxystearate and 1% by weight of an amine-based antioxidant, with a base oil mixture of PAO 4 and mPAO 300, and is ferrous at 40°C at 1000 mm 2 It has a kinematic viscosity of / s.

[0199] [Table 9]

[0200] Grease 8b, which does not conform to the present invention, does not contain semicrystalline polyalphaolefin and shows a softening of 63 units in the shell roll test. Compositions 8a, 8c to 8k according to the present invention contain semicrystalline polyalphaolefin alone or in combination at various concentrations, and in all cases show lower softening in the shell roll test. In this case, for example, comparing 8i and 8a, it can be seen that semicrystalline polyalphaolefin 2 (Vybar® C 6112) shows a clearly greater effect than semicrystalline polyalphaolefin 1 (Vybar® 260) in this base grease. By appropriately selecting the amount used, the softening can be controlled and adjusted to, for example, almost 0. See 8k.

[0201] Example 9 Aluminum complex grease (11% thickener, containing benzoic acid and stearic acid as acidic components), base oil PAO 6.

[0202] [Table 10]

[0203] Grease 9e, which does not conform to the present invention, does not contain semicrystalline polyalphaolefin and exhibits a softening of 64 units in the shell roll test. Compositions 9a to 9d according to the present invention contain semicrystalline polyalphaolefin alone or in combination at various concentrations, and in all cases exhibit lower softening in the shell roll test. In this case, both semicrystalline polyalphaolefins are equally effective in this grease concept (see 9b and 9c).

[0204] Example 10. Comparison of semi-crystalline PAO and paraffin wax The base grease consists of lithium soap grease (lithium 12-hydroxystearate content: 8.6%), 1% amine-based antioxidant, and a base oil mixture of PAO 4 and mPAO 300, which can be heated at 40°C for 1000 mm. 2 The kinematic viscosity of / s was used.

[0205] [Table 11]

[0206] After a 50-hour test, the softening of paraffin wax not according to the present invention (mixture 1b) was clearly increased compared to the starting material (10c), while sample 10a according to the present invention showed remarkably low softening.

[0207] Example 11 A base grease 11 having the composition shown in the table below is manufactured using calcium complex soap as a thickener, and semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 2 (Vybar® C-6112) is added to it to produce the lubricating grease 11 according to the present invention. Both the base grease and the lubricating grease 11 are tested for dropping point and oil separation, and their cone penetration (comparison of the grease before testing and the grease after mixing) is measured. The results are shown in the table below.

[0208] [Table 12]

Claims

1. Lubricating grease, a) At least one base oil in an amount of 50% to 95.8% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, b) At least one thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, particularly lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, single metal soaps of elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, particularly lithium single soaps, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of 4% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease. c) At least one semicrystalline polyalphaolefin having at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a degree of crystallinity of 15% to 45%, in an amount of 0.2% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, wherein the degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is determined by calculating the melt enthalpy of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g. Lubricating grease, including

2. The proportion of the base oil a) is 50% to 92% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, and the lubricating grease is d) 0.5% to 43% by weight of the total weight of the lubricating grease, at least one additive different from those in b) and c), particularly at least one solid lubricant (d1), at least one further thickener (d2), and / or at least one auxiliary agent (d3). The lubricating grease according to claim 1, characterized by containing the following.

3. The proportion of the base oil a) is 50% to 92% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, and the lubricating grease is d) At least one further additive different from b) and c), in an amount of 0.5% to 43% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, d1) At least one solid lubricant in an amount of 1% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating grease, and / or d2) 1% to 10% by weight of the total weight of the lubricating grease, preferably at least one further thickener selected from aluminum mono soap, calcium sulfonate, bentonite, amorphous silica, hydrophobic amorphous silica, silicates, polyimides and mixtures thereof, and / or d3) At least one auxiliary agent selected from 0.5% to 23% by weight of the total weight of the lubricating grease, preferably antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, high-pressure additives, anti-wear agents, metal deactivators, particularly non-ferrous metal deactivators, such as chelating agents, pour point improvers, VI improvers, radical scavengers, UV stabilizers, reaction layer forming agents, adhesion improvers, conductivity improvers, additives for reducing oil separation, and mixtures thereof. Further additives including A lubricating grease according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by containing the following.

4. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin has an acid value of 10 mg KOH / g to 120 mg KOH / g, preferably 40 mg KOH / g to 100 mg KOH / g, in accordance with ASTM D664-18e1.

5. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin has a molecular weight Mn greater than 2500 g / mol, for example 2500 g / mol to 37000 g / mol, more preferably 2500 g / mol to 5600 g / mol, and particularly 3000 g / mol to 5600 g / mol, as measured in accordance with DIN 55672-1:2016-03.

6. A lubricating grease according to any one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the viscosity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 30 cPs to 1800 cPs, preferably 80 cPs to 220 cPs, as measured in accordance with ASTM D3236-15 (2021).

7. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the amount of the semicrystalline polyalphaolefin is in the range of 1% to 25% by weight, more preferably in the range of 3% to 20% by weight, and particularly in the range of 3% to 10% by weight.

8. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thickening agent b) is selected from urea thickening agents, lithium complex soaps, lithium monosodium soaps, and mixtures thereof.

9. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the base oil is selected from esters, ethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, preferably polyalphaolefin base oils, particularly metallocene catalyst polyalphaolefin base oils, and mixtures thereof.

10. The base oil is determined in accordance with the September 2014 edition of ASTM-D-7042, and is aged at 40°C for 10 mm ２ / s~15000mm ２ / s, preferably 15 mm ２ / s~10000mm ２ / s, especially 15mm ２ / s ~ 1300mm ２ A lubricating grease according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by containing a polyalphaolefin base oil having a kinematic viscosity of / s.

11. A method for manufacturing a tribological system, characterized by introducing a lubricating grease according to any one of claims 1 to 10 between mutually moving sliding partners.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the introduction of the lubricating grease between the mutually moving sliding partners is performed, for example, by centralized lubrication, individual lubrication, preferably by immersion lubrication, or injection lubrication, using a lubricating grease gun and / or droplet supply system.

13. A tribological system particularly formed as a bearing, chain, compressor and / or transmission device, comprising a lubricating grease according to any one or more of claims 1 to 10.

14. The tribology system according to claim 13, characterized in that it is formed as a rolling bearing.

15. The tribology system according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that it is formed as a ball screw drive, actuator, transmission, plastic drive, seal, sliding roof seal, brake booster and / or linear guide for automotive steering applications.

16. The tribology system according to claim 14, characterized in that the lubricating grease has an upper limit operating temperature of at least 100°C, preferably 100°C to 200°C, and more preferably 120°C to 200°C, which is determined by 3000 rpm, a load of 1500 15N, and mounting position B in accordance with DIN 51825:2004-06.

17. Use of a lubricating grease according to any one of claims 1 to 10, particularly for lubricating the surface of a sliding partner, especially for the lifetime lubrication of tribological systems, especially in industrial and / or automotive applications.

18. Use of one or more lubricating greases according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for lubricating components having rolling bearings or sliding bearings in the automotive sector, such as ball screw transmissions for automotive steering applications, actuators, transmissions, plastic transmissions, seals, sliding roof seals, brake boosters and / or linear guides.

Images