Communication methods and related devices

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention provide a communication method and related apparatus. The communication method includes receiving a Wireless Fidelity Wi-Fi data frame from a transmitter and sending a block acknowledgment frame to the transmitter, the block acknowledgment frame containing interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame. In embodiments of the present invention, the transmitter improves the accuracy of the packet error rate by considering the interference information fed back by the receiver.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a communication method and a related apparatus.

Background Art

[0002] When a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) device is used for communication, a transmitting side selects transmission parameters based on a packet error ratio (PER), for example, selects a modulation and coding scheme (MCS). The PER mainly depends on the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) of a signal received by a receiving side. For example, for the same transmission parameter, a higher SINR indicates a lower PER. The SINR is affected by the strength of an interference signal and the strength of noise.

[0003] At present, since decoding errors caused by the influence of the strength of an interference signal and the influence of the strength of noise usually occur simultaneously, it is impossible for the transmitting side to detect the influence of interference at the receiving side. This results in conservative selection of transmission parameters, such as a low MCS, which reduces the transmission rate of a wireless interface.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present application disclose a communication method and a related apparatus. A receiving side feeds back interference information to a transmitting side, and the transmitting side takes the influence of an interference signal into consideration, thereby improving the statistical collection accuracy of a packet error rate by the transmitting side.

[0005] In accordance with a first aspect, embodiments of the present application disclose a first communication method. The method is applied to a receiver. The receiver of the present application may be an access point (AP) or a station (STA). When the receiver is an AP, the transmitter may be an STA or an AP. When the receiver is an STA, the transmitter may be an AP or an STA. Functions performed by the AP in the present application may be performed by devices within the AP (e.g., chips, chip systems, circuits, or means), and functions performed by the STA in the present application may be performed by devices within the STA (e.g., chips, chip systems, circuits, or means).

[0006] The method involves receiving a Wi-Fi data frame from the transmitter and sending a block acknowledgement frame (BA frame) to the transmitter. The BA frame contains interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame. In other words, if the receiver is interfered with and some subframes cannot be transmitted due to a collision, the interference information is fed back to the transmitter. In this way, the transmitter can take into account the effects of the interference signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the transmitter's collection of packet error rate statistics.

[0007] In some feasible examples, a Wi-Fi data frame contains a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), the data transmitted in the PPDU is encoded into N orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and the interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU, where N is a positive integer.

[0008] The method further includes recording the error vector magnitude (EVM) of each of N OFDM symbols using a physical (PHY) layer to obtain N EVMs, where the N EVMs include a first EVM, and the absolute value of the first EVM is the maximum of the absolute values ​​of the N EVMs; determining the difference between the absolute value of the first EVM and the absolute values ​​of each of the N EVMs using a PHY layer; determining the first number of differences greater than a first threshold using a PHY layer; and using the ratio of the first number to N as the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU using a PHY layer.

[0009] In some feasible examples, a Wi-Fi data frame contains an aggregated MAC protocol data unit (AMPDU), where each AMPDU contains M MAC protocol data units (MPDUs), and the interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame is the number of interfering MPDUs within the AMPDU, where M is a positive integer.

[0010] The method further includes checking each of the M MPDUs with a medium access control (MAC) layer to obtain a first MPDU with a check error, determining a second number of first MPDUs corresponding to the interfered OFDM symbol with the MAC layer, wherein the difference between the absolute value of the EVM of the interfered OFDM symbol and the absolute value of the first EVM is less than a first threshold, the first EVM is the maximum value among the absolute values ​​of N EVMs, and the N EVMs include the respective EVMs of the N OFDM symbols obtained by PPDU coding, and using the second number as the number of interfered MPDUs in the AMPDU with the MAC layer.

[0011] In some feasible examples, M is less than or equal to 256.

[0012] In some feasible examples, interference information in Wi-Fi data frames is located in a reserved field or a user-defined field in the block acknowledgment frame.

[0013] In accordance with a second aspect, embodiments of the present application disclose a second communication method. The method is applied to a transmitter. The communication method includes transmitting a Wi-Fi data frame to a receiver, receiving a block acknowledgment frame containing interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame from the receiver, and determining the packet error rate of the Wi-Fi data frame based on the number of AMPDUs, the number of error MPDUs, and the interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame. In this way, the receiver feeds back interference information for the received Wi-Fi data frame to the transmitter, and the transmitter takes into account the effects of the interference signals, thereby improving the accuracy of the transmitter's statistical collection of packet error rates.

[0014] In some feasible examples, a Wi-Fi data frame contains a PPDU, the data transmitted in the PPDU is encoded into N OFDM symbols, the interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the percentage of interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU, where N is a positive integer, and the packet error rate (PER) of the Wi-Fi data frame is:

number

[0015] In some feasible examples, a Wi-Fi data frame contains an AMPDU, an AMPDU contains M MPDUs, the interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU, M is a positive integer, and the packet error rate PER of the Wi-Fi data frame is:

number

[0016] In accordance with a third aspect, embodiments of the present application disclose a communication device. The device is used in a receiver. In this embodiment of the present application, the functions performed by the receiver may be performed by a device within the receiver. The device has functions corresponding to a method according to the first aspect or any one of the feasible examples of either the first aspect. The functions may be implemented by hardware, or by the hardware running corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the aforementioned functions.

[0017] In accordance with a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application disclose a communication device. The device is used in a transmitter. In this embodiment of the present application, the functions performed by the transmitter may be performed by a device in a receiver. The device has functions corresponding to a method according to a second aspect or any one of the feasible examples of either aspect. The functions may be implemented by hardware, or by hardware running corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the functions described above.

[0018] In accordance with the fifth aspect, embodiments of the present application disclose a communication device. The device may be a transmitter or a receiver. The device may include a processor. The processor is configured to enable the communication device to perform the methods in the first aspect, the second aspect, or any one of the feasible examples, by executing instructions in memory or by logic circuits.

[0019] In some feasible examples, the communication device further includes memory and one or more transceivers. The transceivers are configured to transmit and receive data and / or signaling.

[0020] According to the sixth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions. When an instruction is executed by a processor, a method in the first aspect, the second aspect, or any one of the feasible examples is performed.

[0021] According to the seventh aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes instructions. When the instructions are executed by a processor, a method in the first aspect, the second aspect, or any one of the feasible examples is performed.

[0022] In accordance with the eighth aspect, the present invention provides a chip including a processor configured to call and execute instructions stored in memory, wherein a communication device on which the chip is installed performs the method in any one of the first aspect, the second aspect, or a feasible example.

[0023] In accordance with the ninth aspect, the present application provides another chip including an input interface, an output interface, and a processing circuit. The input interface, the output interface, and the circuit are connected through an internal connection path. The processing circuit is configured to perform the methods in any one of the first aspect, the second aspect, or a feasible example. Optionally, the chip further includes memory. The input interface, the output interface, the processor, and the memory are connected through an internal connection path. The processor is configured to execute code in memory. Once the code is executed, the processor is configured to perform the methods in any one of the first aspect, the second aspect, or a feasible example.

[0024] According to a tenth aspect, the present application provides a chip system comprising at least one processor and a communication interface. The communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected via lines. The at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions to perform the method according to any one of the first aspect, the second aspect, or the possible implementations thereof.

[0025] It should be understood that implementations and advantageous effects of the foregoing aspects may be cross-referenced.

[0026] The following describes the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] [Figure 1] It is an architectural diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 2] It is a structural diagram of an AP and a STA. [Figure 3] It is a structural diagram of an AMPDU. [Figure 4] It is an interaction diagram in a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5] It is a diagram of determining a proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in a PPDU according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] It is a diagram of determining the number of interfered MPDUs in an AMPDU according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] It is a structural diagram of a BA frame. [Figure 8] It is a structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] It is a structural diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10] It is a structural diagram of a STA according to an embodiment of the present application. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention may be applicable to sensing systems, systems conforming to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 system standards, such as 802.11bf, 802.11a / b / g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, or their next-generation standards, such as 802.11be, Wi-Fi 7, or EHT, or even further next-generation standards, such as wireless local area network systems conforming to the 802.11 series protocols, such as Wi-Fi 8, UHR, or Wi-Fi AI, or wireless personal area network systems based on ultra-wideband (UWB), or wireless local area network (WLAN) scenarios. Alternatively, embodiments of the present invention may be applicable to wireless local area network systems, such as Internet of Things (IoT) networks and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. Indeed, embodiments of the present invention may be further applicable to other possible communication systems, such as long-term evolution (LTE) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD), universal mobile telecommunications systems (UMTS), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication systems, communication systems that have evolved beyond 5G communication systems (e.g., 6G communication systems), or non-(3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) communication systems. This is not limited herein.

[0029] The embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the attached drawings of the embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication system in Figure 1 is an example of a WLAN. As shown in Figure 1, an example is used for illustrative purposes in which the communication system includes one access point (AP) and two stations (STA). An STA associated with an AP can receive radio frames transmitted by the AP and can also transmit radio frames to the AP. Furthermore, embodiments of the present application are applicable to communication between APs or between STAs. It should be understood that the number of APs and STAs in Figure 1 is merely an example, and embodiments of the present application are not limited in that way. For example, there may be more or fewer STAs communicating with the AP. Another example is that there may be more or fewer STAs communicating with the STAs. For the sake of brevity of description, these are not shown one by one in the accompanying drawings.

[0031] In embodiments of the present invention, an STA is a device equipped with wireless communication capabilities, supporting communication based on the WLAN protocol and having the ability to communicate with another station or access point within a WLAN network. In a WLAN system, a station may be called a non-access point station (non-AP STA). For example, an STA is any user communication device that enables a user to communicate with an AP and further with the WLAN. An STA may be an entire device, or a chip or processing system installed in the entire device. A device on which the chip or processing system is installed may implement the methods and functions of embodiments of the present invention under the control of the chip or processing system. For example, an STA may be a variety of devices with wireless communication capabilities, such as a handheld device, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a computing device, another processing device connected to a wireless modem, various forms of user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a terminal, terminal equipment, a portable communication device, a handheld device, a portable computing device, an entertainment device, a game device or system, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device configured to perform network communication over a wireless medium. For example, an STA may be a router, switch, bridge, etc. For simplicity, the aforementioned devices will be collectively referred to as a station or STA.

[0032] In embodiments of the present invention, an AP is a device equipped with wireless communication capabilities, supporting communication based on the WLAN protocol, and having the ability to communicate with other devices (e.g., stations or other access points) within a WLAN network, and certainly, it may further have the ability to communicate with other devices. In a WLAN system, an access point may be called an access point station (AP STA). An AP may be an entire device, or a chip or processing system installed in the entire device. A device on which the chip or processing system is installed may implement the methods and functions of embodiments of the present invention under the control of the chip or processing system. In embodiments of the present invention, an AP may be a device that provides services to an STA. For example, an AP may be a communication entity such as a communication server, router, switch, or bridge. APs may include various forms of base stations, such as macro base stations, micro base stations, and relay stations. Indeed, an AP may alternatively be a chip or processing system in various forms within these devices to implement the methods and functions of embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] WLAN systems can provide high-speed, low-latency transmission and can be applied to various industries such as the Internet of Things, Vehicle-to-Everything, banking, corporate offices, stadiums, exhibition halls, concert halls, hotel rooms, dormitories, wards, classrooms, supermarkets, squares, streets, production plants, and warehouses. Indeed, devices supporting WLAN communication (e.g., access points or stations) may include sensor nodes in a smart city (e.g., smart water meters, smart electricity meters, or smart air detection nodes), smart devices in a smart home (e.g., smart cameras, projectors, displays, televisions, sound systems, refrigerators, or washing machines), Internet of Things nodes, entertainment terminals (e.g., wearable devices such as AR or VR devices), smart devices in a smart office (e.g., printers, projectors, loudspeakers, or sound systems), vehicle-to-everything devices in a vehicle-to-everything infrastructure in everyday life scenarios (e.g., vending machines, self-service navigation stations in supermarkets, self-service checkout devices, or self-service ordering machines), devices in large stadiums or music halls, and so on. The specific forms of STA and AP are not particularly limited in the embodiments of this application and are merely examples for illustrative purposes.

[0034] Figure 2 shows the structure of an AP and an STA. As shown in Figure 2, the AP and STA may include an antenna, a radio frequency module, a PHY layer baseband module, a MAC layer module, a logical link control (LLC) module, an Internet Protocol (IP) processing module, a transmission control protocol / user datagram protocol (TCP / UDP) processing module, and an application layer module. The IP module and LLC module may communicate with each other through a higher-layer interface. The radio frequency module may have one or more antennas, and the number of antennas in the STA may be the same as or different from the number of antennas in the AP.

[0035] When a sender transmits data to a receiver, the data starts from the sender's application layer, passes through the sender's TCP layer, IP layer, LLC layer, MAC layer, and PHY layer, then travels through the transmission link to the receiver's PHY layer, passes through the receiver's MAC layer, LLC layer, IP layer, and TCP layer, and finally reaches the receiver's application layer, and vice versa.

[0036] Please note that APs and STAs may support the 802.11 standard. The 802.11 standard is primarily for the PHY and MAC layers. The Wi-Fi data frames that this application primarily focuses on are PPDU and AMPDU.

[0037] In a WLAN, data, control signaling, management signaling, etc., are transmitted between the AP and STA using MPDUs. An MPDU typically includes a frame header, frame body, and frame check sequence (FCS). The frame body is used to carry data, management information, or control information transmitted from higher layers. For some specific types of MPDUs, such as acknowledgment frames, the frame body may not be present. The FCS is used to check whether the MPDU is being transmitted correctly. Optionally, the frame header (also called the MAC header) may include frame control fields, duration / ID fields, address information fields, sequence control fields, quality of service control (QoS) fields, or high throughput control (HT) fields. For an example, see the IEEE 802.11 protocol for a description of each field. It should be understood that other fields may be added to the MAC header, or new meanings may be assigned to some fields within an existing MAC header.

[0038] To improve WLAN performance, frame aggregation technology is currently used at the MAC layer to consolidate multiple MPDUs into a single AMPDU. For example, Figure 3 shows the structure of an AMPDU. As shown in Figure 3, multiple MAC service data units (MSDUs) are aggregated to form an aggregated MAC service data unit (AMSDU). The AMSDU and MAC headers form an MPDU, which is then transmitted to the PHY layer. The AMPDU aggregates multiple MPDUs, and some MPDUs are transmitted using a physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) preamble. This reduces the PLCP preamble and PLCP header, effectively reducing channel contention and overhead caused by the physical layer preamble, improving transmission efficiency and system throughput.

[0039] The MPDU, once it enters the PLCP layer, is renamed to Physical Service Data Unit (PSDU). The PSDU is then appended with a PLCP preamble and PLCP header to form a PPDU. During the transmission process, the sender sends a PLCP preamble to the receiver to indicate the peer end. The PLCP header may contain physical parameters related to data transmission, such as signal, service, length of the data to be transmitted, and check codes. The check codes may be frame check sequence (FCS), cyclic redundancy check (CRC), etc., but are not limited thereto. In the PPDU, the data to be transmitted is encoded into N OFDM symbols. The value of N is not limited thereto and may be a positive integer.

[0040] When Wi-Fi devices communicate, the transmitter typically selects transmission parameters, such as selecting the MCS based on the PER. The PER primarily depends on the SINR of the signal received by the receiver. For example, for the same transmission parameters, a higher SINR indicates a lower PER. The SINR is affected by the strength of the interfering signal and the strength of the noise. Generally, for all MPDUs within the same AMPDU, the received signal strength is the same and is primarily affected by radio channel fading. However, since interfering signals are random, the strength of the interfering signal received by each MPDU within the AMPDU can differ, and the MPDU decoding error caused by interference is also called MPDU "conflict".

[0041] Currently, decoding errors caused by the strength of interference signals and noise usually occur simultaneously, making it impossible for the transmitter to detect the effects of interference at the receiver. As a result, this leads to conservative selection of transmission parameters, such as low MCS, and a decrease in the transmission speed of the wireless interface.

[0042] Based on this, the present invention proposes a communication method. If the receiving side experiences interference and some subframes cannot be transmitted due to collision, interference information is fed back to the transmitting side. As a result, the transmitting side takes the influence of the interference signal into consideration, thereby improving the accuracy of the statistical collection of packet error rates by the transmitting side.

[0043] The following describes in detail a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 is a diagram of the interaction in the communication method according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device in the communication method may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter may be an AP, the receiver may be an STA, or the transmitter may be an STA, the receiver may be an AP, or the transmitter and receiver may be different APs or STAs. For the system architecture corresponding to the AP and STA, please refer to the description in Figure 1. Details are not described again here. Functions performed by the AP in the present application may be performed by devices within the AP, and functions performed by the STA in the present application may be performed by devices within the STA. As shown in Figure 4, the communication method includes the following steps.

[0044] S401: The transmitter sends a Wi-Fi data frame to the receiver.

[0045] Accordingly, the receiver receives Wi-Fi data frames from the transmitter.

[0046] A Wi-Fi data frame contains the data to be transmitted. A Wi-Fi data frame may further include Wi-Fi control frames and Wi-Fi management frames. Wi-Fi control frames are typically used in conjunction with Wi-Fi data frames and are responsible for area clearing, channel acquisition, carrier sensing, acknowledgment, etc. Wi-Fi management frames are primarily used for accessing and exiting wireless networks and for processing association transfers between access points.

[0047] In this embodiment of the present application, the Wi-Fi data frame may include a PPDU corresponding to the PHY layer or an AMPDU corresponding to the MAC layer.

[0048] S402: The receiver sends a block acknowledgment frame to the transmitter.

[0049] Accordingly, the transmitter receives a block acknowledgment frame from the receiver.

[0050] Block acknowledgment frames contain interference information for Wi-Fi data frames. Block acknowledgment frames, such as block acknowledgment frames, are abbreviated as BA frames. Multiple MPDUs can be responded to by using a single acknowledgment (ACK) frame, thus reducing the number of ACK frames.

[0051] Optionally, when a Wi-Fi data frame is a PPDU, the interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame is the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols within the PPDU. When a Wi-Fi data frame is an AMPDU, the interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU. The method for determining the interference information is not limited in this application. The following describes the two types of Wi-Fi data frames individually.

[0052] 1. When a Wi-Fi data frame is a PPDU and the data transmitted in the PPDU is encoded into N OFDM symbols, the receiver's PHY layer records the EVM of each of the N OFDM symbols so that there are N EVMs. The receiver's PHY layer determines the difference between the absolute value of the first EVM and the absolute values ​​of each of the N EVMs. The receiver's PHY layer determines the first number of differences greater than a first threshold, and the ratio of this first number to N is used by the receiver's PHY layer as the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU.

[0053] N is a positive integer. The first EVM is the maximum value among the absolute values ​​of the N EVMs. Since EVMs are negative numbers, a larger absolute value of the EVM indicates better performance. The first EVM can be understood as the optimal EVM and may be denoted as best_evm. The number of first EVMs is not limited in this application. Arbitrarily, if N is equal to 1, the number of first EVMs is 1. If N is greater than 1, the number of first EVMs is between 1 and N (inclusive).

[0054] The first threshold can be understood as the interference threshold and may be denoted as evm_diff_th. The value of the first threshold is not limited in this application. The difference between the absolute value of the first EVM and the absolute values ​​of each of the N EVMs is greater than the first threshold. When an EVM is denoted as symbol_evm, the first EVM is denoted as best_evm, and the first threshold is denoted as evm_diff_th, the above relationship is expressed as |best_evm|-|symbol_evm|>evm_diff_th. Since the difference between the absolute value of the first EVM and the absolute value of the first EVM is always equal to 0, if an EVM other than the first EVM among the N EVMs is denoted as the second EVM, then if the difference between the absolute value of the first EVM and the absolute value of the second EVM is greater than the first threshold, it indicates that the OFDM symbol corresponding to the second EVM is an interfered OFDM symbol. In this way, the number of differences greater than the first threshold is denoted as the first number, and the number of interfered OFDM symbols out of N OFDM symbols transmitted in the PHY layer is counted, and the ratio of the first number to N can be used as the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU.

[0055] For example, Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the determination of the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in a PPDU according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 5, the horizontal axis represents the number of OFDM symbols, with each column representing one OFDM symbol, and there are a total of 16 OFDM symbols. That is, N is 16. The vertical axis represents the absolute value of the EVM of the OFDM symbols, i.e., |symbol_evm|. The absolute value of the first EVM is represented by |best_evm|, the first threshold is represented by evm_diff_th, and the first number is 5. If the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in a PPDU is denoted as ppdu_interf_ratio, then ppdu_interf_ratio = 5 / 16 × 100% = 31%.

[0056] 2. When a Wi-Fi data frame is an AMPDU and the AMPDU contains M MPDUs, each of the M MPDUs is checked by the receiver's MAC layer to obtain a first MPDU with a check error, and the receiver's MAC layer determines the second number of first MPDUs corresponding to the interfered OFDM symbol, and this second number is used by the receiver's MAC layer as the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU.

[0057] M is a positive integer. Arbitrarily, M is less than or equal to 256. The method for checking the MPDU is not limited herein and may be FCS, CRC, etc. The first MPDU is an MPDU with check errors and can be understood as an MPDU containing decoding errors caused by interference. After the first MPDU is determined at the receiver's MAC layer, the receiver's PHY layer may check whether the first MPDU contains interfered OFDM symbols. If the first MPDU contains interfered OFDM symbols, the first MPDU is determined to be the first MPDU corresponding to the interfered OFDM symbols.

[0058] It can be understood that there is a correspondence between OFDM symbols in the PHY layer and MPDUs in the MAC layer. After the first MPDU that failed the check in the MAC layer is determined, the second number of first MPDUs in the MAC layer corresponding to the interfered OFDM symbol can be determined based on the correspondence between the interfered OFDM symbol determined in the PHY layer and the MPDU in the MAC layer. In other words, the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU is determined.

[0059] For example, Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating the determination of the number of interfered MPDUs within an AMPDU according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 6, in the top three rows, the horizontal axis represents the number of OFDM symbols, with each column representing one OFDM symbol, and there are a total of 16 OFDM symbols. That is, N is 16. In the top three rows, the vertical axis represents the absolute value of the EVM of the OFDM symbols, i.e., |symbol_evm|. The absolute value of the first EVM is represented by |best_evm|, the first threshold is represented by evm_diff_th, and the number of interfered OFDM symbols within the PPDU is 5. The bottom row represents the MPDU check result. It can be seen that there are 4 first MPDUs that failed the check, and from the correspondence between these first MPDUs and the OFDM symbols in the top three rows, it can be seen that there are 3 first MPDUs corresponding to the interfered OFDM symbols. That is, the second number is 3. In other words, when the number of interfered MPDUs within an AMPDU is denoted as interf_mpdu_num, interf_mpdu_num is 3.

[0060] After interference information for a Wi-Fi data frame has been determined, the interference information may be transmitted to the transmitter via a BA frame, or in another form (e.g., by independent signaling or carried by other existing signaling). The format of the interference information in the BA frame is not limited herein. Optionally, the interference information for a Wi-Fi data frame may be located in a Reserved field or a user-defined field of a block acknowledgment frame. Thus, the interference information for a Wi-Fi data frame may be transmitted by using a Reserved field or a user-defined field.

[0061] For example, Figure 7 is a diagram of the structure of a BA frame. As shown in Figure 7, reserved fields within a BA frame belong to the BA control field, which occupies two octets, and reserved fields occupy eight bits. The BA control field further includes a BA Ack Policy field, a Multiple Traffic Identifier (MultiTID_INFO) field, a Compressed Bitmap field, and a Groupcast with Retries (GCR) field, each occupying one bit, and a Traffic Identifier Information (TID_INFO) field, which occupies four bits. In addition to the BA control field, the BA frame further includes a Frame Control field and a Duration field, each occupying two octets; a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field, a Transmitter Address (TA) field, and a Receiver Address (RA) field, each occupying six octets; and a BA information field of variable length.

[0062] If the reserved field occupies 8 bits, and the Wi-Fi data frame is a PPDU, the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols within the PPDU in the reserved field may be between 0 and 100%. If the Wi-Fi data frame is an AMPDU, the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU in the reserved field may be between 0 and 255.

[0063] S403: The transmitter determines the packet error rate of the Wi-Fi data frame based on the number of AMPDUs, the number of erroneous AMPDUs, and interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame.

[0064] The number of AMPDUs may be denoted as aggr_mpdu_num, and the number of error MPDUs may be denoted as error_mpdu_num. If a Wi-Fi data frame is a PPDU, and the data transmitted in the PPDU is encoded into N OFDM symbols, and the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU is denoted as ppdu_interf_ratio,0, then the packet error rate PER of the Wi-Fi data frame can be calculated according to equation (1).

number

[0065] If a Wi-Fi data frame is an AMPDU, and an AMPDU contains M MPDUs, and the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU is denoted as interf_mpdu_num, then the packet error rate PER of the Wi-Fi data frame can be calculated according to equation (2).

number

[0066] In the communication method shown in Figure 4, after receiving a Wi-Fi data frame from the transmitter, the receiver sends a BA frame to the transmitter. The BA frame contains interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame. In other words, if the receiver experiences interference and some subframes cannot be transmitted due to a collision, the interference information is fed back to the transmitter. The transmitter can then determine the packet error rate of the Wi-Fi data frame based on the interference information, the number of erroneous MPDUs, and the number of AMPDUs, thereby improving the accuracy of the transmitter's statistical collection of packet error rates.

[0067] The method in the embodiment of the present application has been described in detail above, but below, the apparatus in the embodiment of the present application is provided.

[0068] Figure 8 shows the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device may include a receiving unit 801, a transmitting unit 802, and a processing unit 803. The receiving unit 801 may be a device having a signal input (receiving) function, and the transmitting unit 802 may be a device having a signal output (transmitting) function. The receiving unit 801 and the transmitting unit 802 are configured to transmit signals together with another device or another component within a device. The processing unit 803 may be a device having a processing function and may include one or more processors configured to execute instructions (or code or programs), for example, to process communication protocols and communication data.

[0069] The communication device may be a receiver. In this embodiment of the present application, the functions performed by the receiver may be performed by devices within the receiver. Alternatively, the communication device may be a transmitter. In this embodiment of the present application, the functions performed by the transmitter may be performed by devices within the transmitter. The following uses a transmitter or a receiver as examples for the purposes of this description.

[0070] When the communication device is a receiver, the receiving unit 801 is configured to receive Wi-Fi data frames from the transmitting side.

[0071] The transmitting unit 802 is configured to send a block acknowledgment frame to the transmitter, which contains interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame.

[0072] In one example, a Wi-Fi data frame contains a PPDU, the data transmitted in the PPDU is encoded into N OFDM symbols, and the interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU, where N is a positive integer. The processing unit 803 obtains N EVMs by recording the error vector amplitude EVM of each of the N OFDM symbols using a physical PHY layer, which includes a first EVM, the absolute value of the first EVM being the maximum of the absolute values ​​of the N EVMs, the PHY layer determining the difference between the absolute value of the first EVM and the absolute values ​​of each of the N EVMs, the PHY layer determining the first number of differences greater than a first threshold, and the PHY layer using the ratio of this first number to N as the proportion of interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU.

[0073] In one example, a Wi-Fi data frame contains an AMPDU, an AMPDU contains M MPDUs, and the interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU, where M is a positive integer. The processing unit 803 checks each of the M MPDUs using a MAC layer and obtains a first MPDU with a check error. The MAC layer then determines the second number of the first MPDUs corresponding to the interfered OFDM symbols. The difference between the absolute value of the EVM of the interfered OFDM symbol and the absolute value of the first EVM is smaller than a first threshold, the first EVM is the maximum value among the absolute values ​​of N EVMs, and the N EVMs include the respective EVMs of the N OFDM symbols obtained by PPDU coding. The MAC layer is configured to use the second number as the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU.

[0074] In one example, M is 256 or less.

[0075] In one example, interference information in a Wi-Fi data frame is located in a reserved field or a user-defined field in a block acknowledgment frame.

[0076] When the communication device is a transmitter, the transmitting unit 802 is configured to transmit Wi-Fi data frames to the receiving side.

[0077] The receiving unit 801 is configured to receive a block acknowledgment frame from the receiving side, and the block acknowledgment frame contains interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame.

[0078] The processing unit 803 is configured to determine the packet error rate of the Wi-Fi data frame based on the number of AMPDUs, the number of erroneous AMPDUs, and interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame.

[0079] In one example, a Wi-Fi data frame contains a PPDU, the data transmitted in the PPDU is encoded into N OFDM symbols, the interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the percentage of interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU, where N is a positive integer, and the packet error rate PER of the Wi-Fi data frame is:

number

[0080] In one example, a Wi-Fi data frame contains an AMPDU, an AMPDU contains M MPDUs, the interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU, M is a positive integer, and the packet error rate PER of the Wi-Fi data frame is:

number

[0081] For details regarding the operation of the receiving unit 801, transmitting unit 802, and processing unit 803, please refer to the relevant descriptions in Figure 4. Further details are not provided here.

[0082] Figure 9 shows the structure of another communication device according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device may be a transmitter or a receiver and is configured to carry out the method described in the embodiment of the method. As shown in Figure 9, the communication device may include a processor 111 and a storage medium 112. The storage medium 112 stores an instruction 114. The instruction 114 may be executed by the processor 111 so that the communication device carries out the method described in Figure 4 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0083] Optionally, the processor 111 may include an instruction 113, which may be executed by the processor 111, thereby enabling the communication device to perform the method described in Figure 4 in the embodiment of the present application.

[0084] The communication device described in the above-described embodiment may be a terminal, but the scope of the device described in this application is not limited to that. The communication device may be an independent device or may be part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: (1) Independent integrated circuits (ICs), chips, or chip systems or subsystems; (2) A set comprising one or more ICs, wherein the IC set may include a storage component configured to store data and / or instructions; (3) ASIC, for example, a modem; or (4) Modules that can be embedded in another device That's fine.

[0085] Figure 10 is a diagram of the structure of an STA according to an embodiment of the present application. For the sake of simplicity, Figure 10 shows only the main components of the STA. As shown in Figure 10, the STA includes a processor, memory, control circuits, an antenna, and input / output devices. The processor is mainly configured to process communication protocols and communication data, control the entire STA, execute software programs, and process data for the software programs. The memory is mainly configured to store software programs and data. The radio frequency circuit is mainly configured to perform conversions between baseband signals and radio frequency signals and to process radio frequency signals. The antenna is mainly configured to receive and transmit radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input / output devices, such as a touchscreen, display, or keyboard, are mainly configured to receive data entered by the user and output data to the user.

[0086] After the STA is powered on, the processor can read the software program in the memory unit, interpret and execute the software program's instructions, and process the software program's data. If the data needs to be transmitted wirelessly, the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and then outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit. The radio frequency circuit processes the baseband signal to obtain a radio frequency signal and transmits the radio frequency signal externally in the form of electromagnetic waves via the antenna. When data is transmitted to the STA, the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal via the antenna, further converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor. The processor converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

[0087] For simplicity, Figure 10 shows only one memory and one processor. In an actual STA, multiple processors and multiple memories may exist. Memory may also be called a storage medium, storage device, etc. This is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0088] In this embodiment, the antenna is configured to perform the operations performed by the receiving unit 801 and the transmitting unit 802 in the previously described embodiment. The processor is configured to perform the operations performed by the processing unit 803 in the previously described embodiment. The STA may be further configured to perform the operations performed by the STA in Figure 4. Further details are not described here again.

[0089] Embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program. When the program is executed by a processor, procedures relating to a transmitter or receiver in a communication method provided in the embodiments of the present invention can be performed.

[0090] Embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer program product. The computer program product is configured to store a computer program. When the computer program is executed on a computer (or processor), the computer can perform one or more steps in any of the aforementioned communication methods. If each component module of the aforementioned device is implemented in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, the component modules may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium.

[0091] Embodiments of the present invention provide a chip including a processor, which is configured to call instructions stored in memory from memory and execute instructions, so that a communication device on which the chip is installed can perform any of the methods described above.

[0092] Embodiments of the present invention further provide another chip including an input interface, an output interface, and a processing circuit. The input interface, output interface, and circuit are connected via an internal connection path. The processing circuit is configured to perform one of the methods described above. Optionally, the chip further includes memory. The input interface, output interface, processor, and memory are connected via an internal connection path. The processor is configured to execute code in memory. Once the code is executed, the processor is configured to perform one of the methods described above.

[0093] Embodiments of the present invention further provide a chip system including at least one processor and a communication interface. The communication interface and at least one processor are interconnected via lines. At least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions to perform any one of the methods described above. The chip system may include a chip, or it may include a chip and other discrete devices.

[0094] Embodiments of this application further provide a communication system. The system includes a transmitter and a receiver. For a specific description, please refer to the method shown in Figure 4.

[0095] It should be understood that the memory described in the embodiments of this application may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may be hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (ERASABLE PROM, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may be RAM, which functions as an external cache. Memory is any other medium that can carry or store expected program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible by a computer, but is not limited to such medium. Memory in the embodiments of this application may alternatively be a circuit or any other device that can implement a storage function and is configured to store program instructions and / or data.

[0096] It should be further understood that the processor described in the embodiments of this application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, disk read hardware component, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.

[0097] Note that if the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate, transistor logic device, or disk read hardware component, the memory (storage module) is integrated into the processor.

[0098] Please note that the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these memories and any other suitable types of memory.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will notice that the units and algorithmic steps in the examples described with reference to the embodiments provided herein can be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the function is performed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art may implement the described function using different methods for each specific application, but implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0100] It should be understood that in some embodiments provided herein, the disclosed systems, apparatus, and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the embodiments of the apparatus described are merely illustrative. For example, the division into units is merely a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, other divisions may be used. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. Furthermore, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection indicated or discussed may be implemented by some interface. Indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatus or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.

[0101] Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed across multiple network units. Some or all units may be selected based on actual requirements to achieve the objectives of the solution of the embodiment.

[0102] Furthermore, the functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit may exist physically independently, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit.

[0103] The order of steps in the embodiments of this application may be adjusted, combined, or omitted based on actual requirements. Steps in each embodiment may be performed partially (for example, a terminal may not perform steps that a terminal performed in a previously described embodiment). The order in which different steps are performed may be changed. Embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments, different embodiments may be combined with each other, and different steps in different embodiments herein may be combined.

[0104] Modules / units within the apparatus in the embodiments of the present application may be combined, separated, or removed based on actual requirements.

[0105] The “embodiments” as used herein mean that specific features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Phrases used in various parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they exclusive, independent, or arbitrary embodiments from other embodiments.

[0106] The term "protocol" in this application may refer to a communication protocol or specification, such as a 3GPP communication protocol.

[0107] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if any) in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish similar objects from each other, but do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence.

[0108] In the embodiments of this application, "includes" can indicate an inclusion relationship or an equal relationship. For example, if A includes B, then A may include other content in addition to B, or A and B may have the same content.

[0109] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, " / " indicates an "OR" relationship between the related objects. For example, A / B can mean A or B. In the description of this application, "and / or" describes an association relationship between the related objects and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can indicate three cases: A only exists, both A and B exist, and B only exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plural" means two or more. "At least one of the following items(parts)" or similar expressions means any combination of these items, including a single item(part) or any combination of multiple items(parts). For example, at least one item(part) of a, b, or c may mean a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a, b and c, where a, b, and c may be singular or plural.

[0110] The sequence numbers of the processes described above do not represent the execution order in the various embodiments of the present application. The execution order of the processes should be determined based on the function and internal logic of the processes and should not be construed as any limitation on the implementation processes of the embodiments of the present application.

[0111] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202310852463.X, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on July 11, 2023, with the title of the invention being "COMMUNICATION METHOD AND RELATED APPARATUS," and the prior Chinese Patent Application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Claims

1. A method of communication, Receiving a Wireless Fidelity Wi-Fi data frame from the transmitting side, A block acknowledgment response frame containing interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is sent to the transmitting side. A method of having.

2. The Wi-Fi data frame includes a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), The data transmitted by the PPDU is encoded into N orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbols, The interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the percentage of interfered OFDM symbols within the PPDU. N is a positive integer, The aforementioned method, The physical PHY layer records the error vector amplitude (EVM) of each of the N OFDM symbols to obtain N EVMs, wherein the N EVMs include a first EVM, and the absolute value of the first EVM is the maximum value among the absolute values ​​of the N EVMs. The PHY layer determines the difference between the absolute value of the first EVM and the absolute values ​​of each of the N EVMs. The PHY layer determines the first number of differences greater than the first threshold, The PHY layer uses the ratio of the first number to N as the proportion of the interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU. It further has, The method according to claim 1.

3. The Wi-Fi data frame includes an aggregate medium access control protocol data unit (AMPDU), The aforementioned AMPDU includes M MPDUs, The interference information in the Wi-Fi data frame is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU. M is a positive integer, The aforementioned method, The media access control MAC layer checks each of the M MPDUs to obtain a first MPDU that has a check error. The MAC layer determines the second number of first MPDUs corresponding to the interfered OFDM symbol, wherein the difference between the absolute value of the EVM of the interfered OFDM symbol and the absolute value of the first EVM is smaller than a first threshold, the first EVM is the maximum value among the absolute values ​​of N EVMs, and the N EVMs include the respective EVMs of the N OFDM symbols obtained by PPDU coding. The MAC layer uses the second number as the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU. It further has, The method according to claim 1.

4. M is 256 or less. The method according to claim 3.

5. The interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is located in the reserved field or user-defined field of the block acknowledgment response frame. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A method of communication, This involves transmitting a Wireless Fidelity Wi-Fi data frame to the receiving end, The receiving side receives a block acknowledgment response frame containing interference information for the Wi-Fi data frame. The packet error rate of the Wi-Fi data frame is determined based on the number of aggregate media access control protocol data units (AMPDUs), the number of error MPDUs, and the interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame. A method of having.

7. The Wi-Fi data frame includes a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), The data transmitted by the PPDU is encoded into N orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbols, The interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the percentage of interfered OFDM symbols within the PPDU. N is a positive integer, The packet error rate (PER) of the Wi-Fi data frame is: [Math 1] It can be calculated according to the following formula. error_mpdu_num is the number of the aforementioned erroneous MPDUs, aggr_mpdu_num is the number of AMPDU units, ppdu_interf_ratio is the ratio of the interfered OFDM symbols within the PPDU. The method according to claim 6.

8. The Wi-Fi data frame includes AMPDU, The aforementioned AMPDU includes M MPDUs, The interference information in the Wi-Fi data frame is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU. M is a positive integer, The packet error rate (PER) of the Wi-Fi data frame is: [Math 2] It can be calculated according to the following formula. error_mpdu_num is the number of the aforementioned erroneous MPDUs, aggr_mpdu_num is the number of AMPDU units, interf_mpdu_num is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU. The method according to claim 6.

9. A communication device, A receiving unit configured to receive Wireless Fidelity Wi-Fi data frames from the transmitting side, A transmitting unit configured to send a block acknowledgment response frame containing interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame to the transmitting side. A device having.

10. The Wi-Fi data frame includes a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), The data transmitted by the PPDU is encoded into N orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbols, The interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the percentage of interfered OFDM symbols within the PPDU. N is a positive integer, The apparatus further comprises a processing unit, the processing unit is The physical PHY layer records the error vector amplitude (EVM) of each of the N OFDM symbols to obtain N EVMs, the N EVMs include a first EVM, and the absolute value of the first EVM is the maximum value among the absolute values ​​of the N EVMs. The PHY layer determines the difference between the absolute value of the first EVM and the absolute values ​​of each of the N EVMs. The PHY layer determines the first number of differences greater than the first threshold. The PHY layer uses the ratio of the first number to N as the proportion of the interfered OFDM symbols in the PPDU. Structured in such a way The apparatus according to claim 9.

11. The Wi-Fi data frame includes an aggregate medium access control protocol data unit (AMPDU), The aforementioned AMPDU includes M MPDUs, The interference information in the Wi-Fi data frame is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU. M is a positive integer, The apparatus further comprises a processing unit, the processing unit is The media access control MAC layer checks each of the M MPDUs and obtains the first MPDU that has a check error. The MAC layer determines the second number of first MPDUs corresponding to the interfered OFDM symbol, the difference between the absolute value of the EVM of the interfered OFDM symbol and the absolute value of the first EVM is smaller than the first threshold, the first EVM is the maximum value among the absolute values ​​of N EVMs, and the N EVMs include the respective EVMs of the N OFDM symbols obtained by PPDU coding. The MAC layer uses the second number as the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU. Structured in such a way The apparatus according to claim 9.

12. M is 256 or less. The apparatus according to claim 11.

13. The interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is located in the reserved field or user-defined field of the block acknowledgment response frame. The apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 12.

14. A communication device, A transmitting unit configured to send Wireless Fidelity Wi-Fi data frames to the receiving side, A receiving unit configured to receive a block acknowledgment response frame containing interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame from the receiving side, A processing unit configured to determine the packet error rate of the Wi-Fi data frame based on the number of aggregate media access control protocol data units (AMPDUs), the number of error MPDUs, and the interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame. A device having.

15. The Wi-Fi data frame includes a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), The data transmitted by the PPDU is encoded into N orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbols, The interference information of the Wi-Fi data frame is the percentage of interfered OFDM symbols within the PPDU. N is a positive integer, The packet error rate (PER) of the Wi-Fi data frame is: [Math 3] It can be calculated according to the following formula. error_mpdu_num is the number of the aforementioned erroneous MPDUs, aggr_mpdu_num is the number of AMPDU units, ppdu_interf_ratio is the ratio of the interfered OFDM symbols within the PPDU. The apparatus according to claim 14.

16. The Wi-Fi data frame includes AMPDU, The aforementioned AMPDU includes M MPDUs, The interference information in the Wi-Fi data frame is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU. M is a positive integer, The packet error rate (PER) of the Wi-Fi data frame is: [Math 4] It can be calculated according to the following formula. error_mpdu_num is the number of the aforementioned erroneous MPDUs, aggr_mpdu_num is the number of AMPDU units, interf_mpdu_num is the number of interfered MPDUs within the AMPDU. The apparatus according to claim 14.

17. Having a processor and a storage medium, The aforementioned storage medium stores instructions, When the instruction is executed by the processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 is executed. Communication device.

18. Including commands, When the instruction is executed by the processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 is performed. Computer-readable storage medium.

19. A communication method comprising the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the method according to any one of claims 6 to 8.

20. It has a transmitter and a receiver, The transmitter is configured to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 5, The receiver is configured to perform the method described in any one of claims 6 to 8. Communication system.

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