Carrier wave signal-based communication method and apparatus

Abstract

A method for a first device to perform wireless communication and a device supporting the same are provided. The first device can perform a first transmission to a second device; and perform a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. [Background technology]

[0002] 5G NR is a new clean-slate mobile communication system that succeeds LTE (Long Term Evolution) and features high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectral resources, from the low-frequency band below 1 GHz to the intermediate-frequency band between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and the high-frequency (millimeter wave) band above 24 GHz.

[0003] The goals of 6G (wireless communication) systems include (i) extremely high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) extremely low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (Internet of Things) devices, (vi) ultra-high reliability connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision for 6G systems has four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can show an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] [Table 1] [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] A method is provided in which a first device performs wireless communication in one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the method may include the steps of: performing a first transmission to a second device; and performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission. For example, the first transmission may include (compose; construct; construct; set up; include; encompass; contain; contain; have; comprise) at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0006] A first device configured to perform wireless communication is provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to: perform a first transmission to a second device; and perform a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0007] A processing unit configured to control a first device is provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the processing unit may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to perform a first transmission to a second device, and to perform a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon is provided. For example, when executed, the instructions cause a first device to: perform a first transmission to a second device; and reflect a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device in response to the first transmission, to perform a second transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal. [BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS]

[0009] [Figure 1] Figure shows a communicable structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] Figure shows an electromagnetic spectrum according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] Figure shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] Figure shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] Figure shows an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] Figure shows a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] Figure shows an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] Figure shows a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] Figure shows a directly connected topology (e.g., topology 1) between a base station and an A-IoT device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10]This describes a topology (e.g., topology 2) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected via an intermediate node, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] An embodiment of the present disclosure shows a topology (e.g., topology 3) supported by auxiliary nodes. [Figure 12] This describes a topology (e.g., topology 4) in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] This invention provides an example of power consumption and energy state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capabilities during operation, according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 14] This invention illustrates a method by which the first device performs wireless communication in one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 15] This invention illustrates a method by which a second device performs wireless communication in one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 16] This document shows a communication system 1 in one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 17] This document shows a wireless device in one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 18] This document shows a signal processing circuit for a transmitted signal in one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19] This document shows a wireless device in one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20] This document shows a portable device in one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] An embodiment of the present disclosure shows a vehicle or autonomous vehicle. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0011] In this specification, slashes ( / ) and commas can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" can mean "just A", "just B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B or C".

[0012] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" can mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" and "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted in the same way as "at least one of A and B."

[0013] Furthermore, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0014] Furthermore, parentheses used in this specification can mean "for example." Specifically, when "control information (PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Also, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Similarly, when "control information (i.e., PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information."

[0015] In the following explanation, "when, if, in case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0016] In this specification, technical features described individually within a single drawing may be represented individually or simultaneously.

[0017] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for a terminal, pre-configured, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to a terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via RRC (radio resource control) signaling or MAC (medium access control) signaling.

[0018] In this specification, "configured or defined" can be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured in the device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" can be interpreted as being pre-configured in the device.

[0019] The technologies proposed herein can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) and CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0020] The technologies proposed herein are implemented in 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low back haul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0021] Figure 1 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] The new network characteristics in 6G are as follows:

[0023] - Satellite integrated network

[0024] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, updating wireless technology from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied to each step of the communication procedure (or each step of the signal processing described below).

[0025] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0026] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connecting drones and very low Earth orbit satellites to the network and core network functions creates Super 3D connectivity in 6G Ubiquitous.

[0027] The following are some common requirements for the characteristics of the new 6G network described above:

[0028] - Small cell networks

[0029] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0030] - High-capacity backhaul

[0031] - Raider technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) via communications is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems can be integrated with 6G networks.

[0032] - Softwareization and virtualization

[0033] The core implementation technologies for 6G systems will be described below.

[0034] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications simplifies and improves real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analyses to determine how complex target operations are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI enables rapid communication in BCI (Brain-Computer Interface). AI-based communication systems are supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent radio, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0035] -THz communication (terahertz communication): Data transmission rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, typically represent a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with wavelengths in the 0.03 mm–3 mm range. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Of the defined THz band, 300 GHz–3 THz is in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of a broadband but is at the boundary of the broadband, just behind the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band is similar to RF. Figure 2 shows the electromagnetic spectrum in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth available to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows more antenna elements to be integrated into equipment and BS operating in this band. Through this, advanced adaptive array techniques can be used to overcome range limitations.

[0036] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0037] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0038] -Optical wireless technology

[0039] - Free-space optical backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0040] -Quantum communication

[0041] - Cell-free communication

[0042] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0043] - Integration of sensing and communication (wireless communication and scanning)

[0044] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0045] - Big data analysis

[0046] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0047] - Metaverse

[0048] - Blockchain

[0049] - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a crucial element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity will be provided using UAV technology. Base station (BS) entities can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong visible line links, and the freedom of controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground communication infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs can become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0050] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM is a broader concept than UAM (urban air mobility), which refers to air transport available in urban areas. It encompasses transportation methods that include travel between regional hubs as well as within urban areas.

[0051] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key factor in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows vehicles to communicate and share information with various elements on the road, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), in order to enable autonomous driving. To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technology are absolutely necessary. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving may go beyond simply conveying warning and guidance messages to the driver and may need to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. For this reason, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so it is expected that 6G will be able to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0052] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that uses RF (radio frequency) resources onboard a satellite (or UAS (unmanned aerial system) platform). Figure 3 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on a transparent payload in one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on a regenerative payload in one embodiment of the present disclosure. Embodiments of Figure 3 or Figure 4 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to Figure 3, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can connect to a data network via a gateway. Beam footprint can mean the area from which signals transmitted by the satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can connect to other satellites (or UAS platforms) via ISLs (inter-satellite links). Other satellites (or UAS platforms) can connect to gateways via feeder links. Based on the regenerated payload, the satellite can connect to the data network via gateways with other satellites. If an ISL does not exist between satellites, a feeder link may be required between the satellite and the gateway. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can implement various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate various beams over a specified service area depending on the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload is substantially the same as mounting all or part of the base station functions on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0053] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment. Because wireless frequency sensing does not require connection to an object via a device in the network, it can provide a service for determining object location without any device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from wireless frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions such as various object sensing, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, UAVs), and high-precision location determination, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) enabling applications such as intruder detection, control and navigation of auxiliary vehicles, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP (registered trademark; hereafter the same) based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., sensing operation, can depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems with wireless and sensing networks in communication networks. Figure 5 shows an example of sensing operation in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 5 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5(a) shows an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and sensing transmitter located in the same position (e.g., monostatic sensing), and Figure 5(b) shows an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0054] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol (RRC) between a terminal and a network can be divided into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Of these, the physical layer, which belongs to Layer 1, provides information transfer services using physical channels, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, plays the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0055] The physical layer provides information transfer services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the higher layer, the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, via transport channels. Data moves between the MAC layer and the physical layer via these transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted via the wireless interface.

[0056] Data travels between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of the transmitter and receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method, utilizing time and frequency as wireless resources.

[0057] The MAC layer provides services to the higher-level RLC (radio link control) layer via logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping functionality from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing functionality through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sub-layer provides data transfer services on logical channels.

[0058] The RLC hierarchy performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs (Service Data Units). To ensure the diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of radio bearers (RBs), the RLC hierarchy provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction via ARQ (automatic repeat request).

[0059] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmit channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to the logical path provided by the first layer (physical layer or PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer, SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0060] The functions of the PDCP hierarchy on the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and encryption. The functions of the PDCP hierarchy on the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0061] The SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) layer is defined only at the user level. The SDAP layer performs tasks such as mapping QoS flows to data radio bearers and marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) in downlink and uplink packets.

[0062] Setting up a Radio Bearing (RB) refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol hierarchy and channel in order to provide a specific service, and setting the specific parameters and operating methods for each. Furthermore, RBs are divided into two types: SRB (Signaling Radio Bearer) and DRB (Data Radio Bearer). The SRB is used as a channel for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0063] When an RRC connection is established between the terminal's RRC layer and the base station's RRC layer, the terminal enters the RRC_CONNECTED state; otherwise, it enters the RRC_IDLE state. In the case of NR, an additional RRC_INACTIVE state is defined, in which a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection with the core network and release its connection with the base station.

[0064] Downlink transport channels, which transmit data from the network to terminals, include BCH (Broadcast Channel) for transmitting system information and Downlink SCH (Shared Channel) for transmitting user traffic and control messages. Downlink multicast or broadcast service traffic or control messages can be transmitted via Downlink SCH or via a separate Downlink MCH (Multicast Channel). On the other hand, uplink transport channels, which transmit data from terminals to the network, include RACH (Random Access Channel) for transmitting initial control messages and Uplink SCH (Shared Channel) for transmitting user traffic and control messages.

[0065] Above the transport channel level, logical channels mapped to the transport channel include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel).

[0066] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmissions. A radio frame has a length of 10ms and can be defined as two 5ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols by a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0067] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0068] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when a normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0069] [Table 2]

[0070] Figure 6 shows a frame slot structure in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0071] Referring to Figure 6, a slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. A carrier wave contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical)Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier wave can contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed via activated BWPs. Each element is called a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid and can be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0072] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) is a contiguous set of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. PRBs can be selected from a contiguous subset of Common Resource Blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0073] Figure 7 shows an example of a BWP in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of Figure 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0074] Referring to Figure 7, the CRB (common resource block) is a carrier resource block numbered from one end of the carrier band to the other. The PRB is a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0075] BWP is point A, offset (N) from point A.start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, Point A is an external reference point for PRBs of a carrier where subcarrier 0 is aligned for all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on the corresponding carrier). For example, the offset is the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier for a given numerology and Point A. For example, the bandwidth is the number of PRBs for a given numerology.

[0076] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is an SL (sidelink)-specific sequence, and can include a PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and a SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences can be used for S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences can be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal can perform initial signal detection and acquire synchronization using S-PSS. For example, a terminal can acquire fine synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using S-PSS and S-SSS.

[0077] The PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) is a broadcast channel that transmits fundamental (system) information that terminals should know first before transmitting or receiving SL signals. For example, this fundamental information includes information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDDUL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, application types related to SLSS, subframe offset, and broadcast information. For example, to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the size of the PSBCH payload is 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0078] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., an SLSS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB can have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and its transmission bandwidth is within a (pre-configured) Sidelink Bandwidth Part (SL BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB is 11RB (Resource Block). For example, the PSBCH spans 11RB. The frequency position of the S-SSB can be (pre-configured). Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection on frequency to find the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0079] In this specification, PSCCH can be replaced with control channels, physical control channels, control channels associated with side links, physical control channels associated with side links, etc. In this specification, PSSCH can be replaced with shared channels, physical shared channels, shared channels associated with side links, physical shared channels associated with side links, etc.

[0080] Figure 8 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0081] Referring to Figure 8(a), in resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station can transmit information related to the SL resources and / or information related to the UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0082] For example, the first terminal can receive from the base station information related to a DG (dynamic grant) resource and / or information related to a CG (configured grant) resource. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI (downlink control information). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may send an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may send an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may send DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0083] In step S810, the first terminal can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal can transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) can be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal can transmit / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on pre-configured rules. For example, the DCI may be a DCI for SL scheduling. For example, the format of the DCI may be DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 3_1.

[0084] The following is an example of DCI Format 3_0.

[0085] DCI format 3_0 is used for scheduling NR PSCCH and NR PSSCH within a single cell.

[0086] The following information is transmitted via DCI format 3_0 with a CRC scrambled by SL-RNTI or SL-CS-RNTI.

[0087] -Resource pool index -ceiling(log2I) bit, where I is the number of resource pools for transmission set by the upper layer parameter sl-TxPoolScheduling.

[0088] -Time gap-3 bits determined by upper layer parameters sl-DCI-ToSL-Trans

[0089] -HARQ process number-4 bits

[0090] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0091] -The lowest index of subchannel allocation for initial transmission -ceiling(log2(N SL subChannel ))bit

[0092] -SCI Format 1-A Field: Frequency Resource Allocation, Time Resource Allocation

[0093] -PSFCH-to-HARQ Feedback Timing Indicator-ceiling(log2N) fb_timing ) bits, where N fb_timing This is the number of entries for the upper layer parameter sl-PSFCH-ToPUCCH.

[0094] -PUCCH Resource Indicator-3bit

[0095] -Configuration Index- 0 bits if the UE is not configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with scrambled CRC by SL-CS-RNTI; otherwise, 3 bits. If the UE is configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with scrambled CRC by SL-CS-RNTI, this field is reserved for DCI format 3_0 with scrambled CRC by SL-RNTI.

[0096] - Counterside link assignment index - 2 bits, 2 bits if UE is set to pdsch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook=dynamic, 2 bits if UE is set to pdsch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook=semi-static

[0097] - Padding bit if necessary

[0098] Referring to Figure 8(b), in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine an SL transmission resource from the SL resources set by the base station / network or from the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or pre-configured SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can select resources itself from the configured resource pool and perform SL communication. For example, the terminal can perform sensing and resource (re)selection procedures and select resources itself within the selection window. For example, the sensing may be performed in units of subchannels. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources itself from the resource pool can use those resources to send PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1 st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits a PSSCH (e.g., 2) associated with the PSCCH. nd -Stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc. can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0099] Referring to Figure 8(a) or (b), for example, the first terminal can transmit an SCI over the PSCCH to the second terminal. Alternatively, for example, the first terminal can transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a 2-stage SCI) over the PSCCH and / or PSSCH to the second terminal. In this case, the second terminal can decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a 2-stage SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted over the PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1 st -stage SCI or 1 st -Stage SCI format, which can be called the SCI format, is transmitted over PSSCH. nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd -stage SCI or 2 nd - This can be called the stage SCI format.

[0100] For example, 1 st -stage SCI format can include SCI format 1-A and / or SCI format 1-B, 2 nd -stage SCI formats may include SCI format 2-A, SCI format 2-B, SCI format 2-C and / or SCI format 2-D.

[0101] The following is an example of SCI format 1-A.

[0102] SCI format 1-A is PSSCH and 2 on PSSCH nd - Used for scheduling SCI stages.

[0103] The following information will be transmitted using SCI Format 1-A.

[0104] -Priority-3 bits

[0105] -Frequency resource allocation- If the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2, ceiling(log2(N SL subChannel (N SL subChannel +1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, if the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3, ceiling log2(N SL subChannel (N SL subChannel +1)(2N SL subChannel +1) / 6) bits

[0106] -Time resource allocation- 5 bits if the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2; otherwise, 9 bits if the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3.

[0107] -Resource reservation cycle -ceiling(log2N rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period This is the number of entries in the higher-level parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList if the higher-level parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is set; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0108] -DMRS pattern-ceiling(log2N) pattern ) bits, where N pattern This is the number of DMRS patterns set by the higher-level parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList.

[0109] -2 nd -stage SCI format-2bit

[0110] -Beta_OffsetIndicator- 2 bits as provided by the higher-level parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0111] - Number of DMRS ports - 1 bit

[0112] -Modulation and coding method- 5-bit

[0113] - Additional MCS Table Indicator - 1 bit if one MCS table is set by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are set by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 0 bits otherwise.

[0114] -PSFCH overhead indicator- If the upper-level parameter sl-PSFCH-Period=2 or 4, it is 1 bit; otherwise, it is 0 bits.

[0115] -Reserved bits- The number of bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-NumReservedBits, and the value is set to 0.

[0116] The following is an example of SCI format 2-A.

[0117] In HARQ operation, if the HARQ-ACK information contains either an ACK or a NACK, or if the HARQ-ACK information contains only a NACK, or if there is no feedback of the HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-A is used for decoding the PSSCH.

[0118] The following information will be transmitted via SCI Format 2-A.

[0119] -HARQ process number-4 bits

[0120] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0121] -Redundancy version-2 bits

[0122] -Source ID-8bit

[0123] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0124] -HARQ Feedback Activation / Deactivation Indicator - 1 bit

[0125] -Cast type indicator- 2 bits as defined in Table 3

[0126] -CSI Request-1 bit

[0127] [Table 3]

[0128] The following is an example of SCI format 2-B.

[0129] In HARQ operation, if the HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK, or if there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-B is used for PSSCH decoding.

[0130] The following information will be transmitted via SCI Format 2-B.

[0131] -HARQ process number-4 bits

[0132] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0133] -Redundancy version-2 bits

[0134] -Source ID-8bit

[0135] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0136] -HARQ Feedback Activation / Deactivation Indicator - 1 bit

[0137] - Zone ID - 12 bits

[0138] -Communication range requirements-4 bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index

[0139] Referring to Figure 8(a) or (b), in step S830, the first terminal can receive the PSFCH. For example, the first and second terminals can determine the PSFCH resource, and the second terminal can use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0140] Referring to Figure 8(a), in step S840, the first terminal can transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0141] On the other hand, in the next-generation system, a large number of IoT terminals will be able to communicate with a base station and / or communicate with each other. In this case, as part of a method to reduce the implementation complexity and management complexity of the IoT terminals, there may be no batteries for processing and / or RF transmission and / or reception, or only a limited number of batteries. Instead of having or using its own RF circuitry to transmit RF signals, the IoT terminals can provide / transmit information to the base station and / or other IoT terminals and / or auxiliary nodes by reflecting RF signals and / or continuous wave signals received from other nodes (with transformations of phase and / or frequency and / or time and / or amplitude, etc.) (hereinafter referred to as the backscattering method). The IoT terminals can perform energy harvesting (e.g., obtaining energy from external factors such as vibration, sound, solar heat, electromagnetic induction) and / or obtain power for processing via RF signal reception, etc. For convenience of explanation, the IoT may be referred to as ambient IoT (A-IoT).

[0142] The following explains Ambient IoT (A-IoT).

[0143] A-IoT can be a new type / segment of devices that operate solely on energy harvested from the surrounding environment. For example, A-IoT can mean a new type of Internet of Things device that operates by being powered through various energy sources harvested from the surrounding environment, such as radio waves, light, motion, and thermal energy. Table 4 shows examples of A-IoT use cases.

[0144] [Table 4]

[0145] For example, active signal generation and / or backscattering may be one of the communication technologies considered to achieve low-power operation of A-IoT devices. For instance, backscattering, a technique widely used in RFID (radio frequency identification), allows a device to communicate with a network by reflecting incident waves after they have been modulated with the information being transmitted. For example, a device can be powered by an incident RF signal or stored energy.

[0146] For example, A-IoT devices can be classified into various device types such as passive, semi-passive, and active, depending on the method of energy storage and transmission signal generation. For example, a passive device does not have an energy storage device (e.g., a capacitor) and can communicate based on backscatter communication technology. For example, a semi-passive device has an energy storage device and can communicate using backscatter communication technology with the assistance of the energy storage device. For example, an active device has an energy storage device and can communicate by actively generating a signal using an active RF component and the stored energy. For example, in this disclosure, the following three types of IoT devices can be considered: For example, device A may be a device without energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device that supports backscatter transmission). For example, device B may be a device with energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device that supports backscatter transmission). In this case, for example, the utilization of stored energy may include amplification of the reflected signal. For example, device C may be a device with energy storage and independent signal generation (e.g., a device with an active RF component for transmission).

[0147] For example, the following basic topologies may be considered to support A-IoT devices in indoor and outdoor scenarios. For example, a basic topology may include direct connection of base station A-IoT devices, base station-intermediate node A-IoT device connection, connection support by auxiliary nodes and / or terminal A-IoT device connection. The basic topology proposed in this disclosure is illustrative, and the proposals in this disclosure can be extended / applied to other topologies.

[0148] Figure 9 shows a topology (e.g., Topology 1) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0149] Referring to Figure 9, an A-IoT device can communicate directly and bidirectionally with a base station. For example, communication between a base station and an A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of Figure 9, the base station transmitting to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving from the A-IoT device may be different. For example, in topology 1, a base station in a microcell environment and an A-IoT device can communicate directly with each other. For example, a base station may be located in a co-site with a base station using existing 3GPP technology.

[0150] Figure 10 shows a topology (e.g., Topology 2) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected via an intermediate node in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0151] Referring to Figure 10, an A-IoT device can communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the device and the base station. Here, for example, the intermediate node may be an A-IoT-enabled relay, an IAB (integrated access backhaul) node, a terminal, or a repeater. For example, the intermediate node can transmit A-IoT data and / or signals between the base station and the A-IoT device. For example, A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of Figure 10, the intermediate node that transmits to the A-IoT device and the intermediate node that receives from the A-IoT device may be different. For example, in topology 2, an intermediate node may exist between the base station in a macrocell environment and the A-IoT device. For example, the base station may be located in a co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology. For example, the intermediate node may be limited to a terminal, and the intermediate node may be located indoors.

[0152] Figure 11 shows a topology (e.g., topology 3) supported by auxiliary nodes in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0153] Referring to Figure 11(a), auxiliary nodes may be supported for downlink reception. For example, an A-IoT device can transmit data / signals to a base station, and an A-IoT device can receive data / signals from an auxiliary node. Referring to Figure 11(b), auxiliary nodes may be supported for uplink transmission. For example, an A-IoT device can receive data / signals from a base station, and an A-IoT device can transmit data / signals to an auxiliary node. Here, for example, the auxiliary node could be a relay, IAB node, terminal, repeater, etc., that is A-IoT capable.

[0154] Figure 12 shows a topology (e.g., topology 4) in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 12 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0155] Referring to Figure 12, an A-IoT device can communicate with a terminal in both directions. For example, communication between a terminal and an A-IoT device can include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, A-IoT data and / or signals can be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or data channel (e.g., a shared channel).

[0156] For example, transmission by an A-IoT device may be performed in an FDD (frequency division duplexing) spectrum (e.g., an FDD UL spectrum).

[0157] For example, A-IoT devices can be divided into two types as follows: For example, a Type 1 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 μW, is capable of energy storage, lacks amplification capabilities, and can transmit by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal, or another node). For example, a Type 2 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred μW, is capable of energy storage, has amplification capabilities, and can transmit by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal, or another node) or by using a signal it generates internally.

[0158] For example, in addition to the classification method described above, A-IoT devices can be classified into types / classes based on parameters related to device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, degree of energy / power consumption, presence / capacity of amplification, presence / capacity of BPF (band-pass filter), supported DL / UL transmission methods (multiple), etc.) or combinations of parameters. Here, for example, BPF capability can be classified by the 3-dB bandwidth and sharpness of the supported BPF, and UL transmission methods can be classified by, for example, backscatter UL transmission, internal signal generation UL transmission, etc.

[0159] Furthermore, A-IoT devices can be subdivided into types / classes based on parameters related to the device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, degree of energy / power consumption, presence / capacity of amplification, presence / capacity of BPF (band-pass filter), supported DL / UL transmission methods (multiple), etc.) or combinations of parameters. For example, the above-mentioned Type 2 device can be classified as Type 2a if it transmits by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal, or another node), and as Type 2b if it transmits using a signal it generates internally. In that case, Types 2a and 2b may be identical in that they have a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred uW, are capable of energy storage, and have amplification capabilities.

[0160] For example, certain types / classes of A-IoT devices (e.g., device B, device C, type 1 device, and / or type 2 device) may have energy storage capabilities (e.g., capacitors or charging batteries) for the following purposes:

[0161] - Ensuring stable energy supply at the time of reception / transmission.

[0162] - Low-power communication module operation through energy storage in low RF energy states

[0163] For example, the minimum RF reception sensitivity required for low-power communication module operation may be -20 dBm, and the minimum reception sensitivity required for energy harvesting may also be -20 dBm. In that case, if the received power of the A-IoT device is distributed between -30 and -20 dBm, communication may be impossible without a capacitor, but communication may be possible after the charging time if a capacitor is present.

[0164] - Energy harvested based on different energy sources (e.g., solar, thermal, wind, kinetic, etc.) is stored in a single capacitor to power a low-power communication module at the desired time.

[0165] Figure 13 shows an example of power consumption and energy state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability in operation, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0166] Referring to Figure 13(b), S1 is the sleep state, S2 is the active state, and P1 and P2 can be the power consumption in S1 and S2, respectively. For example, the active state can mean a state in which the device consumes power to perform operations such as receiving / transmitting for communication or sensing, while the sleep state can be a state in which the device is not in an active state.

[0167] Figure 13(a) can show the device energy state corresponding to Figure 13(b). Referring to Figure 13(a), the E1 and E2 values ​​may differ depending on the device (type / class), and the device can report information regarding the E1 value and / or E2 value to R and / or the base station as capability parameters. For example, the E2 value can be defined as the energy value in the buffer state, and the E1 value as the minimum energy value required in the active state.

[0168] For example, the transition from S1 to S2 may only be possible when the device energy state value is E2 or has reached E2. For example, the transition from S1 to S2 may be possible when the device energy state value is greater than E1 (i.e., in the range between E1 and E2). The embodiment in Figure 13 shows an example in which the transition from S1 to S2 is performed when the device energy state value is E2 or has reached E2.

[0169] For example, an A-IoT device may require externally provided CW for backscatter transmission. For instance, CW may be used to supply energy to the A-IoT device or for CW for DL ​​transmission, regardless of the transmission mode (e.g., backscatter transmission or internally generated transmission).

[0170] For example, CW waveforms can be supported in various types. For instance, a CW waveform can be a single-tone type or a more complex multi-tone type. For example, single-tone CW may be advantageous over multi-tone CW in terms of multiplexing capacity of tags or readers, and in terms of interference, because it uses fewer resources. On the other hand, multi-tone CW has advantages such as being able to transfer more energy when transmitting CW to DLs, and being able to secure extremely large coverage on a single device.

[0171] Considering the advantages of these different CW waveform types, a large number of CW waveform types are supported in the A-IoT system, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can configure the CW waveform type. For example, one or more CW waveform types to be supported in the A-IoT communication system can be pre-configured / defined, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can select one of the supported CW waveform types and transmit it to the A-IoT device. For example, the base station / IN / AN / UE can configure / instruct / display the selected CW waveform type to the A-IoT device in the form of a command / message transmitted as a preamble / frame synchronization or payload.

[0172] In this disclosure, CW may refer to a carrier wave or a continuous wave. For example, the terms “carrier wave” and “continuous wave” are interchangeable.

[0173] On the other hand, the continuous transmission of RF and / or CW signals by base stations or auxiliary nodes for the processing and transmission operations of IoT terminals (e.g., A-IoT terminals) can be inefficient in terms of resource utilization and / or interference generation. Furthermore, when A-IoT operations (e.g., communication methods for CW signals and their corresponding backscatter signals) operate / coexist within homogeneous / heterogeneous RATs such as NR RATs, LTE RATs, and 6G RATs, mutual interference can occur, potentially leading to inefficient interoperability.

[0174] The embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to communications between terminals or communications between a base station and a terminal, and the ideas of this disclosure can be extended and applied to each other.

[0175] Various embodiments of this disclosure can be applied differently depending on the communication between terminals and base stations and / or between IoT terminals and / or between IoT terminals and auxiliary nodes and / or between base stations and auxiliary nodes.

[0176] Various embodiments of this disclosure can be applied differently depending on whether they involve continuous wave signal transmission for backscattering signal transmission and / or RF signal transmission for energy acquisition for processing operations of an IoT terminal and / or signals for providing control and / or data information to an IoT terminal.

[0177] In embodiments of this disclosure, for convenience of explanation, a continuous wave (CW) signal can be defined as at least one of the following:

[0178] 1) The transmitting node can transmit a signal so that the receiving node can generate / receive operating energy.

[0179] 2) The receiving node can receive the carrier wave signal and transmit the signal to the transmitting node by backscattering or reflection. For example, the signal transmitted by the receiving node may be in the form of a modulated signal generated by converting the frequency and / or time and / or phase and / or amplitude of the continuous wave signal.

[0180] For example, the form of CW for receiving operating energy for terminal metering / sensing / processing may differ from the form of CW for transmitting backscatter signals from the terminal. For example, in the case of backscatter signals, the CW may not contain information, or it may be in a predefined / (pre)set form, and / or the SCS (subcarrier spacing) may be different and / or separately (pre)set. For example, the SCS for CW may be smaller and / or similarly (pre)set than the SCS for general control / data transmission signals and / or for RF signals for receiving operating energy. For example, the SCS for CW may be permitted to be set to less than 15 kHz.

[0181] For example, a base station and / or auxiliary node can periodically transmit an RF signal for energy reception by an IoT terminal (hereinafter referred to as an energy harvesting signal) and / or a CW signal for backscatter operation by an IoT terminal. For example, the period value for the periodic transmission can be (pre)set for each resource pool and / or each terminal and / or each service type and / or each QoS parameter and / or each energy harvesting signal or CW signal.

[0182] For example, an IoT terminal can send a signal to a base station and / or auxiliary node requesting the transmission of energy harvesting signals and / or CW signals. For example, the request signal may include the type of signal being requested (energy harvesting signals and / or CW signals), / / or time interval information on when the signals are to be transmitted or are to be transmitted, and / or information about the IoT terminal's transmission (e.g., buffer status and / or packet delay budget and / or target of transmission), and / or information on whether additional energy harvesting signals or CW signals need to be transmitted.

[0183] For example, if a base station and / or auxiliary node receives a request signal for an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal from an IoT terminal and / or a backscatter signal for a previously transmitted CW signal from the IoT terminal, the base station and / or auxiliary node can transmit an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal from that point in time and / or between the first time offset and the first time interval from that point in time. For example, if an IoT terminal transmits a request signal for an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal and / or a backscatter signal for a previously received CW signal, the IoT terminal can expect to receive an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal from that point in time and / or between the first time offset and the first time interval from that point in time. For example, the first time offset and / or the first time interval may be a predefined value and / or a (pre)set value.

[0184] For example, when a base station and / or auxiliary node receives a control / data signal from an IoT terminal and / or determines that decoding of the data has failed and / or determines that retransmission of the IoT terminal's control / data is necessary, the base station and / or auxiliary node may transmit an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal from the time it receives the control / data signal, or from that time, or from the second time offset to the second time interval from that time. The basis for this may be that the IoT terminal receives a retransmission instruction control from the base station and / or auxiliary node and / or obtains processing energy to prepare for retransmission. For example, when a base station and / or auxiliary node receives a control / data signal from an IoT terminal and / or determines that decoding of the data has failed and / or determines that retransmission of the IoT terminal's control / data is necessary, the base station and / or auxiliary node may transmit an energy harvesting signal and / or a control and / or data signal (instructing retransmission) to the IoT terminal, and / or the base station and / or auxiliary node may transmit an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal from the third time offset to the third time interval from that time. For example, the second time offset and / or second time interval and / or third time offset and / or third time interval may be a predefined value and / or a (pre)set value and / or a value indicated by control / data transmitted by the base station or auxiliary node.

[0185] For example, resource information and / or time information for CW signals transmitted by a base station and / or auxiliary node can be indicated via control / data transmitted by the base station and / or auxiliary node.

[0186] For example, when a base station and / or auxiliary node transmits energy harvesting signals and / or CW signals and / or control / data to an IoT terminal, it can provide information about the base station and / or auxiliary node and / or information about the IoT terminal to be communicated with that needs to be turned on (node ​​ID and / or target service type) and / or reference point information for absolute or relative frequency, such as SFN0 or DFN0 information and / or point A. The advantage of this is that it efficiently manages duplication and interference between transmission resources between IoT terminals.

[0187] For example, the energy harvesting signal and / or the CW signal may occupy specific subchannels and / or PRBs(s) and / or slots(s) and / or symbols(s). For example, the time-axis and / or frequency-axis resource positions for the backscattered signal derived from the CW signal can be indicated and / or (pre-)set by the node transmitting the CW signal via the energy harvesting signal and / or control / data signals. For example, the resource position information may take the form of relative frequency-axis offset and / or time-axis offset information based on the CW resource position corresponding to the backscattered signal. For example, the time-axis offset may be an absolute offset relative to SFN0 or DFN0.

[0188] For example, a node transmitting a backscatter signal can determine the time-axis and / or frequency-axis resource positions for the backscatter signal derived from the CW signal, and / or candidate values ​​for the time-axis offset and / or frequency-axis offset for the resource positions of the CW signal corresponding to the backscatter signal can be (pre-)set and / or indicated by the CW signal and / or the energy harvesting signal and / or control / data at an earlier point in time.

[0189] For example, when a terminal is (re)selecting a resource, it can avoid or deprioritize the occupied resources for energy harvesting signals and / or CW signals (obtained via reserved resource information) and / or the backscatter signals derived from CW signals or candidate resources for them, in order to determine the available set of candidate resources and / or select a transmission resource.

[0190] For example, when a terminal (re)selects resources for an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal, it can determine a set of available resource candidates and / or select a transmission resource such that the occupied resources for the CW signal and / or the backscatter signals derived from the CW signal or candidate resources for them do not overlap with or deprioritize other reserved resources (obtained via resource reservation information).

[0191] For example, the resources occupied by the energy harvesting signal and / or the CW signal can be previously indicated via the CW signal and / or the energy harvesting signal and / or control and / or data.

[0192] Embodiments of this disclosure may differ and / or be (pre-configured) on a per-resource pool and / or per-transmission outside and / or inside the resource pool and / or per-QoS parameter and / or per-CAPC (channel access priority class) and / or per-SL priority and / or per-SL channel type and / or per-SL BWP and / or per-SL carrier and / or per-congestion control level and / or per-transmit or per-receive operation and / or per-transmit power level and / or per-transmit start time and / or per-cast type and / or per-SL HARQ-ACK feedback activation and / or per-HARQ-ACK feedback option and / or per-transmit attempts for the same information or TB. For example, in embodiments of this disclosure, (pre)setting can be performed per resource pool and / or per transmission outside and / or inside the resource pool and / or per QoS parameter and / or per SL priority and / or per SL channel type and / or per SL BWP and / or per SL carrier and / or per congestion control level and / or per transmit operation or receive operation and / or per transmit power level and / or per transmit start time and / or per cast type and / or with or without SL HARQ-ACK feedback activation and / or per HARQ-ACK feedback option and / or per number of transmit attempts for the same information or TB.

[0193] Figure 14 shows a method by which the first device performs wireless communication in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0194] Referring to Figure 14, in step S1410, the first device can perform a first transmission to the second device. In step S1420, the first device can perform a second transmission by reflecting the CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0195] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information regarding a preferred time for transmitting or receiving the CW signal.

[0196] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information about the second transmission which is performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the information about the second transmission may include at least one of the following: information about the buffer state of the first device, information about the PDB (packet delay budget) of the second transmission, or information about the target of the second transmission.

[0197] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information regarding whether or not an additional CW signal needs to be transmitted.

[0198] For example, the second transmission can be performed by the second device.

[0199] For example, the second transmission can be performed on a third device other than the second device.

[0200] For example, based on the fact that the first transmission includes information for requesting the CW signal, the CW signal may be received by the second device within a first hour after a first hour offset from the first transmission.

[0201] For example, based on a request for retransmission of the data included in the first transmission, the CW signal may be received by the second device within a second time period after a second time offset from the first transmission.

[0202] For example, information regarding resources for the CW signal can be scheduled via at least one of the control information or data received from the second device.

[0203] For example, the resources for the second transmission, which is performed by reflecting the CW signal, can be determined based on the resources for the CW signal.

[0204] For example, the CW signal may be received based on slots or symbols in the time domain and on subchannels or RB (resource block) in the frequency domain.

[0205] For example, resources for the CW signal or resources for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal can be excluded from the set of candidate resources for the first device in the resource selection procedure.

[0206] The proposed method can be applied to devices in various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to perform a first transmission to the second device. Then, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to perform a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0207] A first device configured to perform wireless communication is provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to: perform a first transmission to a second device; and perform a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0208] A processing unit configured to control a first device is provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the processing unit may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to perform a first transmission to a second device, and to perform a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0209] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium recording instructions. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a first device to perform a first transmission to a second device; and to perform a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0210] Figure 15 shows a method by which a second device performs wireless communication in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0211] Referring to Figure 15, in step S1510, the second device can receive the first transmission from the first device. In step S1520, the second device can transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission. For example, the second transmission of the first device can be performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0212] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information regarding a preferred time for transmitting or receiving the CW signal.

[0213] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information about the second transmission which is performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the information about the second transmission may include at least one of the following: information about the buffer state of the first device, information about the PDB (packet delay budget) of the second transmission, or information about the target of the second transmission.

[0214] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information regarding whether or not an additional CW signal needs to be transmitted.

[0215] For example, the second transmission can be performed by the second device.

[0216] For example, the second transmission can be performed on a third device other than the second device.

[0217] For example, based on the fact that the first transmission includes information for requesting the CW signal, the CW signal is transmitted to the first device within a first hour after a first hour offset from the first transmission.

[0218] For example, based on a request for retransmission of the data included in the first transmission, the CW signal is transmitted to the first device within two hours after a second time offset from the first transmission.

[0219] For example, information regarding resources for the CW signal can be scheduled via at least one of the control information or data transmitted by the second device.

[0220] For example, the resources for the second transmission, which is performed by reflecting the CW signal, can be determined based on the resources for the CW signal.

[0221] For example, the CW signal is transmitted based on slots or symbols in the time domain and on subchannels or RB (resource block) in the frequency domain.

[0222] For example, resources for the CW signal or resources for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal can be excluded from the set of candidate resources for the first device in the resource selection procedure.

[0223] The proposed method can be applied to devices in various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive a first transmission from the first device. Then, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can control the transceiver 206 to transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission. For example, the second transmission of the first device can be performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0224] A second device configured to perform wireless communication is provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to: receive a first transmission from the first device; and, in response to the first transmission, transmit a carrier wave (CW) signal to the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the second transmission of the first device may be performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0225] A processing unit configured to control a second device is provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the processing unit may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to: receive a first transmission from the first device; and, in response to the first transmission, transmit a carrier wave (CW) signal to the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the second transmission of the first device may be performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0226] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium recording instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a second device to: receive a first transmission from a first device; and, in response to the first transmission, transmit a carrier wave (CW) signal to the first device. For example, the second transmission of the first device may be executed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0227] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, a terminal can receive RF signals and / or CW signals on request and / or on request for retransmission for processing and / or transmission operations. Through this, resource waste problems, interference problems, etc. that occur due to continuous transmission of RF signals and / or CW signals can be mitigated. Furthermore, A-IoT operations can operate / coexist efficiently within homogeneous / heterogeneous RATs such as NR RAT, LTE RAT, and 6G RAT.

[0228] Various embodiments of this disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0229] The following describes devices to which various embodiments of this disclosure apply.

[0230] Without limit, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation diagrams disclosed in this document can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0231] The following provides more specific examples with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, unless otherwise specified, the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks can be illustrated by the same reference numerals in the same drawings.

[0232] Figure 16 shows a communication system (1) in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0233] Referring to Figure 16, the communication system (1) to which various embodiments of this disclosure apply includes wireless equipment, base stations, and networks. Here, wireless equipment means equipment that communicates using wireless connectivity technologies (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long term evolution)), and can be called communication / wireless / 5G equipment. However, wireless equipment can include, but is not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1, 100b-2, XR (eXtended Reality) equipment 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, IoT (Internet of Things) equipment 100f, and AI equipment / servers 400. For example, vehicles can include vehicles equipped with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Here, a vehicle can include a UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) (e.g., a drone) and / or an AV (Aerial Vehicle) (e.g., an AAM (Advanced Air Mobility)). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Mobile devices can include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices can include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be implemented as wireless devices, and certain wireless devices 200a can operate as base stations / network nodes with other wireless devices.

[0234] Here, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology is an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and can be implemented as standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Furthermore, or generally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this specification can communicate based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology is an example of LPWAN technology and is called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Furthermore, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this specification may include, or generally may not include, at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth (registered trademark), and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), which take low-power communication into consideration. For example, Zigbee technology can generate personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and is known by various names.

[0235] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to the network 300 via the base station 200. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via the base station 200 / network 300, but they can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Furthermore, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0236] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c can be performed between wireless devices 100a-100f / base station 200 and between base stations 200 / base station 200. Here, wireless communication / connection can be performed via uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations 150c (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul), or various other wireless connectivity technologies (e.g., 5G NR)). Wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals from each other via wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, at least some of the following can be performed based on the various proposals of this disclosure: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0237] Figure 17 shows a wireless device in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 17 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0238] Referring to Figure 17, the first radio device 100 and the second radio device 200 can transmit and receive radio signals via various radio connectivity technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {first radio device 100, second radio device 200} can correspond to {radio device 100x, base station 200} and / or {radio device 100x, radio device 100x} in Figure 16.

[0239] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106 and be configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signals via the transceiver 106. Alternatively, the processor 102 may receive a wireless signal containing second information / signals via the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be linked to the processor 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, memory 104 may store software code that includes instructions for executing some or all of the processes controlled by processor 102, or for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, processor 102 and memory 104 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). Transceiver 106 may be coupled with processor 102 and may transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or receiver. Transceiver 106 may be used in combination with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In this disclosure, wireless equipment may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0240] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202, one or more memories 204, and may further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206 and be configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signals via the transceiver 206. Alternatively, the processor 202 may receive a wireless signal containing fourth information / signals via the transceiver 206 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be linked to the processor 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, memory 204 may store software code containing instructions for executing some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202, or for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, processor 202 and memory 204 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). Transceiver 206 may be coupled with processor 202 and may transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or receiver and may be used in combination with an RF unit. In this disclosure, wireless equipment may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0241] The hardware elements of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. However, one or more protocol layers can be embodied by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can embodied one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (Service Data Units) by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate messages, control information, data, or information by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102, 202 can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) containing PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by means of the functions, procedures, suggestions, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide them to one or more transceivers 106, 206. One or more processors 102, 202 can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106, 206 and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0242] One or more processors 102, 202 are referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102, 202 can be embodied by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), one or more DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), one or more PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or one or more FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) may be included in one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be embodied using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be embodied to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented by one or more processors 102, 202, or stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and driven by one or more processors 102, 202, with firmware or software configured to execute them. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0243] One or more memory units 104, 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memory units 104, 204 can consist of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer read / store media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memory units 104, 204 can be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102, 202. Furthermore, one or more memory units 104, 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0244] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the methods and / or operational flowcharts, etc., described herein to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts, etc., disclosed herein from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 to transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices. Furthermore, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be connected to one or more antennas 108, 208 and configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas 108, 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 can convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed using one or more processors 102, 202, from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106, 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0245] Figure 18 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmitted signal in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 18 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0246] Referring to Figure 18, the signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. However, it is not limited to these, and the operation / function of Figure 18 can be performed by the processors 102, 202 and / or transceivers 106, 206 of Figure 17. The hardware elements of Figure 18 can be embodied by the processors 102, 202 and / or transceivers 106, 206 of Figure 17. For example, blocks 1010-1060 can be embodied by the processors 102, 202 of Figure 17. Also, blocks 1010-1050 can be embodied by the processors 102, 202 of Figure 17, and block 1060 can be embodied by the transceivers 106, 206 of Figure 17.

[0247] The codeword can be converted into a radio signal via the signal processing circuit 1000 in Figure 18. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of information blocks. The information blocks may include transmission blocks (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The radio signal can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0248] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1010. The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include the ID information of the radio equipment. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulated symbol sequence by the modulator 1020. The modulation scheme can include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulated symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper 1030. The modulated symbol of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port (ra) by the precoder 1040 (precoding). The output z of the precoder 1040 is obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1030 by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transformation) on the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0249] The resource mapper 1050 can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1060 may include an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) module, a CP (Cyclic Prefix) inserter, a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter), a frequency uplink converter, and the like.

[0250] In wireless equipment, the signal processing process for a received signal can be configured as the reverse of the signal processing processes 1010-1060 in Figure 18. For example, wireless equipment (e.g., 100, 200 in Figure 17) can receive wireless signals from an external source via an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal via a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descramble process. The codeword can be restored to the original information block through decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0251] Figure 19 shows a wireless device in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device can be implemented in a variety of forms depending on the use-example / service (see Figure 16). The embodiment in Figure 19 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0252] Referring to Figure 19, the wireless devices 100 and 200 correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 in Figure 17 and can be composed of various elements, components, units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and an additional element 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and transceivers (etc.) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include one or more processors 102, 202 and / or one or more memories 104, 204 in Figure 17. For example, the transceivers (etc.) 114 may include one or more transceivers 106, 206 and / or one or more antennas 108, 208 in Figure 17. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional element 140 and controls the various operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 can control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / instructions / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 can also transmit the information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit 110, or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0253] The additional element 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 140 may include at least one of the following: a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a drive unit, and a computing unit. However, wireless devices can be embodied in forms such as robots (100a in Figure 16), vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2 in Figure 16), XR devices (100c in Figure 16), mobile devices (100d in Figure 16), home appliances (100e in Figure 16), IoT devices (100f in Figure 16), digital broadcasting terminals, hologram devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices (400 in Figure 16), base stations (200 in Figure 16), and network nodes. Depending on the use-example / service, wireless devices may be mobile or used in a fixed location.

[0254] In Figure 19, the various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can be interconnected as a whole via a wired interface, or at least some of them can be connected wirelessly via the communication unit 110. For example, within the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired interface, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be connected wirelessly via the communication unit 110. Furthermore, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may consist of a collection of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 120 may consist of a collection of a communication control processor, an application processor, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, and so on. As another example, the memory unit 130 may consist of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0255] The following provides a more detailed explanation of the example shown in Figure 19, with reference to other drawings.

[0256] Figure 20 shows a portable device in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glass), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop computer). The portable device may be referred to as an MS (Mobile Station), UT (user terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), or WT (Wireless terminal). The embodiment in Figure 20 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0257] Referring to Figure 20, the portable device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an input / output unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be composed of a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110-130 / 140a-140c correspond to blocks 110-130 / 140 in Figure 19, respectively.

[0258] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit 120 can control the components of the portable device 100 and perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / code / instructions necessary to operate the portable device 100. The memory unit 130 can also store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit 140a supplies power to the portable device 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit 140b can support the connection of the portable device 100 with other external devices. The interface unit 140b may include various ports for connection with external devices (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports). The input / output unit 140c can receive and output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from the user. The input / output section 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input section, display section 140d, speaker and / or haptic module, etc.

[0259] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit 140c acquires information / signals input from the user (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 converts the information / signals stored in memory into a radio signal and can transmit the converted radio signal directly to other radio devices or to a base station. Furthermore, after receiving a radio signal from another radio device or base station, the communication unit 110 can restore the received radio signal to its original information / signal. The restored information / signal is stored in the memory unit 130 and can then be output via the input / output unit 140c in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic).

[0260] Figure 21 shows a vehicle or autonomous vehicle in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc. The embodiment in Figure 21 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0261] Referring to Figure 21, the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be composed of part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 in Figure 19, respectively.

[0262] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit 140a can make the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 travel on the ground. The drive unit 140a may include an engine, motor, powertrain, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, collision sensor, wheel sensor, speed sensor, tilt sensor, weight detection sensor, heading sensor, position module, vehicle forward / reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies such as maintaining a lane while driving, automatically adjusting speed like adaptive cruise control, automatically driving along a predetermined route, and automatically setting a route and driving when a destination is set.

[0263] As an example, the communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d can generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit 120 can control the driving unit 140a (e.g., speed / direction adjustment) such that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan. During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 can aperiodically / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server, and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Also, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving route and the driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit 110 can transmit information related to the vehicle position, autonomous driving route, driving plan, and the like to the external server. The external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or the like based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and can provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0264] The claims described in the present specification can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in the present specification can be combined and implemented in an apparatus, and the technical features of the apparatus claims in the present specification can be combined and implemented in a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the apparatus claims in the present specification can be combined and implemented in an apparatus, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the apparatus claims in the present specification can be combined and implemented in a method.

[0265] [Claims at the Time of International Filing] [Claim 1] A method for performing wireless communication by a first device, the method comprising: performing a first transmission to a second device; and performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission; A method wherein the first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal. [Claim 2] The method according to claim 1, wherein the information for requesting the CW signal includes information regarding a preferred time for transmitting or receiving the CW signal. [Claim 3] The method according to claim 1, wherein the information for requesting the CW signal includes information about the second transmission which is performed by reflecting the CW signal. [Claim 4] The method according to claim 3, wherein the information relating to the second transmission includes at least one of the following: information relating to the buffer state of the first device, information relating to the PDB (packet delay budget) of the second transmission, or information relating to the target of the second transmission. [Claim 5] The method according to claim 1, wherein the information for requesting the CW signal includes information regarding whether or not an additional CW signal needs to be transmitted. [Claim 6] The method according to claim 1, wherein the second transmission is performed on the second device. [Claim 7] The method according to claim 1, wherein the second transmission is performed on a third device other than the second device. [Claim 8] The method according to claim 1, wherein, based on the first transmission including information for requesting the CW signal, the CW signal is received by the second device within a first hour after a first hour offset from the first transmission. [Claim 9] The method according to claim 1, wherein, based on a request for retransmission of the data included in the first transmission, the CW signal is received by the second device within a second time period after a second time offset from the first transmission. [Claim 10] The method according to claim 1, wherein information regarding resources for the CW signal is scheduled via at least one of the control information or data received from the second device. [Claim 11] The method according to claim 1, wherein the resources for the second transmission, which is performed by reflecting the CW signal, are determined based on the resources for the CW signal. [Claim 12] The method according to claim 1, wherein the CW signal is received based on slots or symbols in the time domain and on subchannels or RB (resource block) in the frequency domain. [Claim 13] The method according to claim 1, wherein the resources for the CW signal or the resources for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal are excluded from the set of candidate resources for the first device in a resource selection procedure. [Claim 14] A first device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is to cause the first device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by the at least one processor. The aforementioned operation is, The step of performing the first transmission to the second device; and The process includes the step of performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission; The first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal, provided the first apparatus is configured accordingly. [Claim 15] A processing device configured to control the first device, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is to cause the first device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by the at least one processor. The aforementioned operation is, performing a first transmission to a second device; and performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to said first transmission;wherein said first transmission comprises at least any one of information or data for requesting said CW signal, a processing device. [Claim 16] A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon, wherein when executed, the instructions cause a first apparatus to perform an operation, the operation comprising: performing a first transmission to a second device; and performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to said first transmission; wherein said first transmission comprises at least any one of information or data for requesting said CW signal, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. [Claim 17] A method for performing wireless communication by a second device, the method comprising: receiving a first transmission from a first device; and transmitting a CW (carrier wave) signal to said first device as a response to said first transmission; wherein a second transmission of said first device is performed by reflecting said CW signal, and wherein said first transmission comprises at least any one of information or data for requesting said CW signal, a method. [Claim 18] A second device configured to perform wireless communication, the second device comprising: at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions; The instruction causes the second device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by at least one processor. Steps include receiving a first transmission from a first device; and The process includes the step of transmitting a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission; The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and The first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal, in the second device. [Claim 19] A processing device configured to control a second device, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction causes the second device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by at least one processor. The aforementioned operation is, Steps include receiving a first transmission from a first device; and The process includes the step of transmitting a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission; The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and The first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal, wherein the first transmission is a processing device. [Claim 20] A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the second device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, Steps include receiving a first transmission from a first device; and The process includes the step of transmitting a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission; The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and The first transmission is a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium containing at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

Claims

1. A method by which the first device performs wireless communication, The step of performing the first transmission to the second device; and The process includes the step of performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission; A method wherein the first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information for requesting the CW signal includes information regarding a preferred time for transmitting or receiving the CW signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information for requesting the CW signal includes information relating to the second transmission which is performed by reflecting the CW signal.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the information relating to the second transmission includes at least one of the following: information relating to the buffer state of the first device, information relating to the PDB (packet delay buffer) of the second transmission, or information relating to the target of the second transmission.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information for requesting the CW signal includes information regarding whether or not an additional CW signal needs to be transmitted.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second transmission is performed by the second device.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second transmission is performed on a third device other than the second device.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first transmission includes information for requesting the CW signal, and the CW signal is received by the second device within a first hour after a first hour offset from the first transmission.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, based on a request for retransmission of the data included in the first transmission, the CW signal is received by the second device within a second time period after a second time offset from the first transmission.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein information regarding resources for the CW signal is scheduled via at least one of the control information or data received from the second device.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resources for the second transmission, which is performed by reflecting the CW signal, are determined based on the resources for the CW signal.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CW signal is received based on slots or symbols in the time domain and on subchannels or RB (resource block) in the frequency domain.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resources for the CW signal or the resources for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal are excluded from the set of candidate resources for the first device in a resource selection procedure.

14. A first device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is to cause the first device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by the at least one processor. The aforementioned operation is, The step of performing the first transmission to the second device; and The process includes the step of performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission; The first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal, provided the first apparatus is configured to transmit the first transmission.

15. A processing apparatus configured to control the first device, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is to cause the first device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by the at least one processor. The aforementioned operation is, The step of performing the first transmission to the second device; and The process includes the step of performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission; The first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal, wherein the first transmission is a processing device.

16. A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the first device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, The step of performing the first transmission to the second device; and The process includes the step of performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device as a response to the first transmission; The first transmission is a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium containing at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

17. A method by which the second device performs wireless communication, Steps include receiving a first transmission from a first device; and The process includes the step of transmitting a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission; The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and A method wherein the first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

18. A second device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is to cause the second device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by the at least one processor. Steps include receiving a first transmission from a first device; and The process includes the step of transmitting a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission; The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and The first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal, in the second device.

19. A processing device configured to control a second device, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is to cause the second device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by the at least one processor. The aforementioned operation is, Steps include receiving a first transmission from a first device; and The process includes the step of transmitting a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission; The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and The first transmission includes at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal, wherein the first transmission is a processing device.

20. A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the second device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, Steps include receiving a first transmission from a first device; and The process includes the step of transmitting a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission; The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and The first transmission is a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium containing at least one of the information or data for requesting the CW signal.

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