Single-sensing signal-based sensing method and apparatus

Abstract

A method for a first device to perform wireless communication and a device to support it are provided. The first device can transmit a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; can receive a second sensing signal block which is the first sensing signal block reflected by the second device; can convert the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; can obtain a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and can perform an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. [Background technology]

[0002] 5G NR is a new clean-slate mobile communication system that succeeds LTE (Long Term Evolution) and features high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectral resources, from the low-frequency band below 1 GHz to the intermediate-frequency band between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and the high-frequency (millimeter wave) band above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) extremely high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) extremely low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (Internet of Things) devices, (vi) ultra-high reliability connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision for the 6G system has four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can show an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] [Table 1] [Overview of the Initiative] [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] A method is provided in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the method may include (encompass; configure; construct; set up; include; contain; contain; have; comprise) the following steps: transmitting a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; mixing the signals reflected and received by a second device from the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; converting the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and performing an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0006] A first device configured to perform wireless communication is provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to transmit a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples, based on that the instructions are executed by the at least one processor; the first sensing signal block to be reflected by a second device and mixed with the received signals to obtain a second sensing signal block; the second sensing signal block to be converted into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; the third sensing signal block to be duplicated N times to obtain a fourth sensing signal block; and an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to be performed on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a processing device configured to control a first apparatus. For example, the processing device may comprise at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on being executed by the at least one processor, the instructions may cause the first apparatus to: transmit a first sensing signal block composed of M samples; mix a signal obtained when the first sensing signal block is reflected by a second apparatus and received with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; convert the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; obtain a fourth sensing signal block by replicating the third sensing signal block N times; and perform an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M may each be a positive integer.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium recording instructions. For example, when executed, the instructions may cause a first apparatus to: transmit a first sensing signal block composed of M samples; mix a signal obtained when the first sensing signal block is reflected by a second apparatus and received with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; convert the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; obtain a fourth sensing signal block by replicating the third sensing signal block N times; and perform an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M may each be a positive integer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] [Figure 1]shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] shows an electromagnetic spectrum according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] shows an example of a typical scenario for NTN based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] shows an example of a typical scenario for NTN based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] shows an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] shows an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] shows an example of an architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning for a UE connected to an NG-RAN (Next Generation-Radio Access Network) or an E-UTRAN according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] shows an implementation example of a network for measuring the position of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] shows an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) messages between an LMF and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] shows an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of NRPPa (NR Positioning Protocol A) PDUs between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] This is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] This disclosure shows a double-sided RTT according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 15] One embodiment of the present disclosure shows a radar system in units of M-sample length chirp signal blocks. [Figure 16] The following shows a transmitted chirp signal block waveform according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 17] The channel impulse response of the entire transmit / receive channel (channel) according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 18] The image shows a received chirp signal block waveform according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19] An M-point FFT output signal for a received chirp signal block according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. [Figure 20] One embodiment of the present disclosure can be shown, illustrating the reconstructed received single-chirp signal block waveform. [Figure 21] One embodiment of this disclosure can show a duplicated and reconstructed set of N consecutive received chirp signal block waveforms. [Figure 22] One embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, which is a backscatter detection radar system based on reconstruction of a series of N-sample sensing signal blocks. [Figure 23] One embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, which is a backscatter detection radar system based on reconstruction of a series of N-sample sensing signal blocks. [Figure 24] The following shows a detection signal waveform of a continuous chirp signal-based radar system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 25] This disclosure describes a method by which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 26] This disclosure describes a method by which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 27] A communication system 1 according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 28] A wireless device according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 29] A signal processing circuit for a transmitted signal according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 30] A wireless device according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 31] A portable device according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 32] An embodiment of the present disclosure shows a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0011] In this specification, slashes ( / ) and commas can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" can mean "just A", "just B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B or C".

[0012] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" can mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" and "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted in the same way as "at least one of A and B."

[0013] Furthermore, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0014] Furthermore, parentheses used in this specification can mean "for example." Specifically, when "control information (PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Also, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Similarly, when "control information (i.e., PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information."

[0015] In the following explanation, "when, if, in case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0016] In this specification, technical features described individually within a single drawing may be represented individually or simultaneously.

[0017] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for a terminal, pre-configured, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to a terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via RRC (radio resource control) signaling or MAC (medium access control) signaling.

[0018] In this specification, "configured or defined" can be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured in the device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" can be interpreted as being pre-configured in the device.

[0019] The technologies proposed herein can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) and CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0020] The technologies proposed herein are implemented in 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low back haul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0021] Figure 1 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] The new network characteristics in 6G are as follows:

[0023] - Satellite integrated network

[0024] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, updating wireless technology from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied to each step of the communication procedure (or each step of the signal processing described below).

[0025] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0026] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connecting drones and very low Earth orbit satellites to the network and core network functions creates Super 3D connectivity in 6G Ubiquitous.

[0027] The following are some common requirements for the characteristics of the new 6G network described above:

[0028] - Small cell networks

[0029] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0030] - High-capacity backhaul

[0031] - Raider technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) via communications is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems can be integrated with 6G networks.

[0032] - Softwareization and virtualization

[0033] The core implementation technologies for 6G systems will be described below.

[0034] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications simplifies and improves real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analyses to determine how complex target operations are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI enables rapid communication in BCI (Brain-Computer Interface). AI-based communication systems are supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent radio, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0035] -THz communication (terahertz communication): Data transmission rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, typically represent a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with wavelengths in the 0.03 mm-3 mm range. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Of the defined THz band, 300 GHz-3 THz is in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of a broadband but is at the boundary of the broadband, just behind the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band is similar to RF. Figure 2 shows the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth available to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows more antenna elements to be integrated into equipment and BS operating in this band. Through this, advanced adaptive array techniques can be used to overcome range limitations.

[0036] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0037] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0038] -Optical wireless technology

[0039] - Free-space optical backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0040] -Quantum communication

[0041] - Cell-free communication

[0042] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0043] - Integration of sensing and communication (wireless communication and scanning)

[0044] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0045] - Big data analysis

[0046] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0047] - Metaverse

[0048] - Blockchain

[0049] - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a crucial element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity will be provided using UAV technology. Base station (BS) entities can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong visible line links, and the freedom of controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground communication infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs can become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0050] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM is a broader concept than UAM (urban air mobility), which refers to air transport available in urban areas. It encompasses transportation methods that include travel between regional hubs as well as within urban areas.

[0051] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key factor in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows vehicles to communicate and share information with various elements on the road, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), in order to enable autonomous driving. To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technology are absolutely necessary. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving may go beyond simply conveying warning and guidance messages to the driver and may need to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. For this reason, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so it is expected that 6G will be able to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0052] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that uses RF (radio frequency) resources onboard a satellite (or UAS (unmanned aerial system) platform). Figure 3 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on a transparent payload according to one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on a regenerative payload according to one embodiment of this disclosure. Embodiments of Figure 3 or Figure 4 can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Referring to Figure 3, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can connect to a data network via a gateway. Beam footprint can mean the area from which signals transmitted by the satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can connect to other satellites (or UAS platforms) via ISLs (inter-satellite links). Other satellites (or UAS platforms) can connect to gateways via feeder links. Based on the regenerated payload, the satellite can connect to the data network via gateways with other satellites. If an ISL does not exist between satellites, a feeder link may be required between the satellite and the gateway. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can implement various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate various beams over a specified service area depending on the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload is substantially the same as mounting all or part of the base station functions on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0053] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment. Because wireless frequency sensing does not require connection to an object via a device in the network, it can provide a service for determining object location without any device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from wireless frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions such as various object sensing, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, UAVs), and high-precision location determination, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) enabling applications such as intruder detection, control and navigation of auxiliary vehicles, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP (registered trademark; hereafter the same) based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., sensing operation, can depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems with wireless and sensing networks in communication networks. Figure 5 shows an example of sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 5 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5(a) shows an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and sensing transmitter located in the same position (e.g., monostatic sensing), and Figure 5(b) shows an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0054] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol (RRC) between a terminal and a network can be divided into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Of these, the physical layer, which belongs to Layer 1, provides information transfer services using physical channels, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, plays the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0055] The physical layer provides information transfer services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the higher layer, the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, via transport channels. Data moves between the MAC layer and the physical layer via these transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted via the wireless interface.

[0056] Data travels between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of the transmitter and receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method, utilizing time and frequency as wireless resources.

[0057] The MAC layer provides services to the higher-level RLC (radio link control) layer via logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping functionality from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing functionality through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sub-layer provides data transfer services on logical channels.

[0058] The RLC hierarchy performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs (Service Data Units). To ensure the diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of radio bearers (RBs), the RLC hierarchy provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction via ARQ (automatic repeat request).

[0059] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmit channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to the logical path provided by the first layer (physical layer or PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer, SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0060] The functions of the PDCP hierarchy on the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and encryption. The functions of the PDCP hierarchy on the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0061] The SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) layer is defined only at the user level. The SDAP layer performs tasks such as mapping QoS flows to data radio bearers and marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) in downlink and uplink packets.

[0062] Setting up a Radio Bearing (RB) refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol hierarchy and channel in order to provide a specific service, and setting the specific parameters and operating methods for each. Furthermore, RBs are divided into two types: SRB (Signaling Radio Bearer) and DRB (Data Radio Bearer). The SRB is used as a channel for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0063] When an RRC connection is established between the terminal's RRC layer and the base station's RRC layer, the terminal enters the RRC_CONNECTED state; otherwise, it enters the RRC_IDLE state. In the case of NR, an additional RRC_INACTIVE state is defined, in which a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection with the core network and release its connection with the base station.

[0064] Downlink transport channels, which transmit data from the network to terminals, include BCH (Broadcast Channel) for transmitting system information and Downlink SCH (Shared Channel) for transmitting user traffic and control messages. Downlink multicast or broadcast service traffic or control messages can be transmitted via Downlink SCH or via a separate Downlink MCH (Multicast Channel). On the other hand, uplink transport channels, which transmit data from terminals to the network, include RACH (Random Access Channel) for transmitting initial control messages and Uplink SCH (Shared Channel) for transmitting user traffic and control messages.

[0065] Above the transport channel level, logical channels mapped to the transport channel include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel).

[0066] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmissions. A radio frame has a length of 10ms and can be defined as two 5ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols by a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0067] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0068] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when a normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0069] [Table 2]

[0070] Figure 6 shows a frame slot structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0071] Referring to Figure 6, a slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. A carrier wave contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical)Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier wave can contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed via activated BWPs. Each element is called a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid and can be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0072] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) is a contiguous set of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. PRBs can be selected from a contiguous subset of Common Resource Blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0073] Figure 7 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of Figure 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0074] Referring to Figure 7, the CRB (common resource block) is a carrier resource block numbered from one end of the carrier band to the other. The PRB is a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0075] BWP is point A, offset (N) from point A.start BWP ) and the bandwidth N size BWP ) can be set. For example, point A is an external reference point of PRBs of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (for example, all numerologies supported by a network on the corresponding carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset is a PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier and point A for a given numerology. For example, the bandwidth is the number of PRBs for a given numerology.

[0076] An SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a sidelink-specific sequence, and can include a PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and an SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS can be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and the SSSS can be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences can be used for S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences can be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal can perform initial signal detection and acquire synchronization using S-PSS. For example, a terminal can acquire fine synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using S-PSS and S-SSS.

[0077] The PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) is a broadcast channel that transmits fundamental (system) information that terminals should know first before transmitting or receiving SL signals. For example, this fundamental information includes information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDDUL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, application types related to SLSS, subframe offset, and broadcast information. For example, to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the size of the PSBCH payload is 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0078] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., an SLSS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB can have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and its transmission bandwidth is within a (pre-configured) Sidelink Bandwidth Part (SL BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB is 11RB (Resource Block). For example, the PSBCH spans 11RB. The frequency position of the S-SSB can be (pre-configured). Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection on frequency to find the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0079] In this specification, PSCCH can be replaced with control channels, physical control channels, control channels associated with side links, physical control channels associated with side links, etc. In this specification, PSSCH can be replaced with shared channels, physical shared channels, shared channels associated with side links, physical shared channels associated with side links, etc.

[0080] Figure 8 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0081] Referring to Figure 8(a), in resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station can transmit information related to the SL resources and / or information related to the UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0082] For example, the first terminal can receive from the base station information related to a DG (dynamic grant) resource and / or information related to a CG (configured grant) resource. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI (downlink control information). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may send an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may send an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may send DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0083] In step S810, the first terminal can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal can transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) can be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal can transmit / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on pre-configured rules. For example, the DCI may be a DCI for scheduling SLs.

[0084] Referring to Figure 8(b), in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine an SL transmission resource from the SL resources set by the base station / network or from the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or pre-configured SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can select resources itself from the configured resource pool and perform SL communication. For example, the terminal can perform sensing and resource (re)selection procedures and select resources itself within the selection window. For example, the sensing may be performed in units of subchannels. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources itself from the resource pool can use those resources to send PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1 st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits a PSSCH (e.g., 2) associated with the PSCCH. nd -Stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc. can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0085] Referring to Figure 8(a) or (b), for example, the first terminal can transmit an SCI over the PSCCH to the second terminal. Alternatively, for example, the first terminal can transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a 2-stage SCI) over the PSCCH and / or PSSCH to the second terminal. In this case, the second terminal can decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a 2-stage SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted over the PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1 st -stage SCI or 1 st -Stage SCI format, which can be called the SCI format, is transmitted over PSSCH. nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd-stage SCI or 2 nd - This can be called the stage SCI format.

[0086] For example, 1 st -stage SCI format can include SCI format 1-A and / or SCI format 1-B, 2 nd -stage SCI formats may include SCI format 2-A, SCI format 2-B, SCI format 2-C and / or SCI format 2-D.

[0087] The following is an example of SCI format 1-A.

[0088] SCI format 1-A is PSSCH and 2 on PSSCH nd - Used for scheduling SCI stages.

[0089] The following information will be transmitted using SCI Format 1-A.

[0090] -Priority-3 bits

[0091] -Frequency resource allocation- If the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2, ceiling(log2(N SL subChannel (N SL subChannel +1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, if the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3, ceiling log2(N SL subChannel (N SL subChannel +1)(2N SL subChannel +1) / 6) bits

[0092] -Time resource allocation- 5 bits if the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2; otherwise, 9 bits if the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3.

[0093] -Resource reservation cycle -ceiling(log2N rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period This is the number of entries in the higher-level parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList if the higher-level parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is set; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0094] -DMRS pattern-ceiling(log2N) pattern ) bits, where N pattern This is the number of DMRS patterns set by the higher-level parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList.

[0095] -2 nd -stage SCI format-2bit

[0096] -Beta_OffsetIndicator- 2 bits as provided by the higher-level parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0097] - Number of DMRS ports - 1 bit

[0098] -Modulation and coding method- 5-bit

[0099] - Additional MCS Table Indicator - 1 bit if one MCS table is set by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are set by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 0 bits otherwise.

[0100] -PSFCH overhead indicator- If the upper-level parameter sl-PSFCH-Period=2 or 4, it is 1 bit; otherwise, it is 0 bits.

[0101] -Reserved bits- The number of bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-NumReservedBits, and the value is set to 0.

[0102] The following is an example of SCI format 2-A.

[0103] In HARQ operation, if the HARQ-ACK information contains either an ACK or a NACK, or if the HARQ-ACK information contains only a NACK, or if there is no feedback of the HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-A is used for decoding the PSSCH.

[0104] The following information will be transmitted via SCI Format 2-A.

[0105] -HARQ process number-4 bits

[0106] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0107] -Redundancy version-2 bits

[0108] -Source ID-8bit

[0109] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0110] -HARQ Feedback Activation / Deactivation Indicator - 1 bit

[0111] -Cast type indicator- 2 bits as defined in Table 3

[0112] -CSI Request-1 bit

[0113] [Table 3]

[0114] The following is an example of SCI format 2-B.

[0115] In HARQ operation, if the HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK, or if there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-B is used for PSSCH decoding.

[0116] The following information will be transmitted via SCI Format 2-B.

[0117] -HARQ process number-4 bits

[0118] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0119] -Redundancy version-2 bits

[0120] -Source ID-8bit

[0121] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0122] -HARQ Feedback Activation / Deactivation Indicator - 1 bit

[0123] - Zone ID - 12 bits

[0124] -Communication Range Requirements- 4 bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index

[0125] Referring to Figure 8(a) or (b), in step S830, the first terminal can receive the PSFCH. For example, the first and second terminals can determine the PSFCH resource, and the second terminal can use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0126] Referring to Figure 8(a), in step S840, the first terminal can transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0127] The following explains positioning.

[0128] Figure 9 shows an example architecture in a 5G system that enables positioning of UEs connected to NG-RAN (Next Generation-Radio Access Network) or E-UTRAN, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0129] As shown in Figure 9, the AMF can receive a request for location services associated with a specific target UE from another entity such as a GMLC (Gateway Mobile Location Center), or it can decide to initiate location services on behalf of the specific target UE itself. The AMF can then send a location service request to the LMF (Location Management Function). Upon receiving the location service request, the LMF can process it and return the processing results, including the estimated location of the UE, to the AMF. On the other hand, if the location service request is received from an entity other than the AMF, such as a GMLC, the AMF can communicate the processing results received from the LMF to the other entity.

[0130] ng-eNB (new generation evolved-NB) and gNB are network elements of NG-RAN that can provide measurement results for position estimation. They can measure radio signals to a target UE and transmit the resulting values ​​to the LMF. Additionally, ng-eNB can control dedicated PRS TPs that support several TPs (Transmission Points) such as remote radio heads or PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) based beacon systems for E-UTRA.

[0131] The LMF is connected to the E-SMLC (Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Centre), which enables the LMF to connect to the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC allows the LMF to utilize downlink measurements acquired by the target UE via signals transmitted from the eNB and / or a dedicated PRS TP within the E-UTRAN to support OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival), one of the E-UTRAN's positioning methods.

[0132] On the other hand, the LMF can be connected to the SLP (SUPL Location Platform). The LMF can support and manage different location determination services for target UEs. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the UE's location measurement. For the positioning of the target UE, the LMF determines a positioning method based on the LCS (Location Service) client type, the required QoS (Quality of Service), UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply such a positioning method to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. The LMF can then determine additional information such as the estimated location for the target UE and the accuracy of the location estimate and velocity. The SLP is a SUPL (Secure User Plane Location) entity responsible for positioning via the user plane.

[0133] The UE can measure downlink signals via sources such as NG-RAN and E-UTRAN, different GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), TBS (Terrestrial Beacon System), WLAN (Wireless Local Access Network) connection points, Bluetooth® beacons, and UE barometric pressure sensors. The UE may include an LCS application and can connect to the LCS application via communication with the network to which the UE is connected or via other applications included in the UE. The LCS application may include measurement and calculation functions necessary to determine the UE's position. For example, the UE may include an independent positioning function such as GPS (Global Positioning System) and can report the UE's position independently of NG-RAN transmission. Such independently acquired positioning information can also be used as supplementary information to positioning information acquired from the network.

[0134] Figure 10 shows an example of a network implementation for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0135] When the UE is in the CM-IDLE (Connection Management-IDLE) state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF can request a network trigger service to establish a signaling connection with the UE and assign a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. This operational process is omitted in Figure 10. In other words, in Figure 10, it can be assumed that the UE is in connected mode. However, for reasons such as signaling and data inactivity, the signaling connection may be terminated by the NG-RAN during the positioning process.

[0136] Referring to Figure 10, the specific network operation process for measuring the location of a UE can be described as follows: In step 1a, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC can request a location service from the Serving AMF to measure the location of a target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request a location service, step 1b can determine that a location service is necessary to measure the location of the target UE. For example, the Serving AMF may decide to provide the location service directly to measure the location of a UE for an emergency call.

[0137] Subsequently, by step 2, the AMF sends a location service request to the LMF, and by step 3a, the LMF can initiate location procedures with serving ng-eNB and serving gNB to obtain location measurement data or location assistance data. Additionally, by step 3b, the LMF can initiate location procedures with the UE for downlink positioning L. For example, the LMF can send assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355 to the UE or obtain location estimates or location measurements. On the other hand, step 3b can be performed additionally after step 3a has been performed, but it can also be performed in place of step 3a.

[0138] In step 4, the LMF can provide the AMF with a location service response. The location service response may include information on whether the UE's location estimation was successful and the estimated location of the UE. Subsequently, once the procedure in Figure 10 is initiated by step 1a, the AMF can transmit the location service response to a 5GC entity such as a GMLC, and once the procedure in Figure 10 is initiated by step 1b, the AMF can use the location service response to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0139] Figure 11 shows an example of a protocol layer used to support LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0140] LPP PDUs can be transmitted via NAS PDUs between the AMF and UE. As shown in Figure 11, LPP can terminate between a target device (e.g., UE in the control plane or SET (SUPL Enabled Terminal) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., LMF in the control plane or SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted as transparent PDUs over intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols such as NGAP (NG Application Protocol) over the NG-C (NG-Control Plane) interface, and NAS / RRC over the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0141] For example, via the LPP protocol, the target device and the location server can exchange capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. They can also exchange error information and / or instructions to interrupt the LPP procedure via LPP messages.

[0142] Figure 12 shows an example of a protocol layer used to support NRPPa (NR Positioning Protocol A) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 12 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0143] NRPPa can be used for information exchange between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange E-CID (Enhanced-Cell ID) for measurements sent from ng-eNB to LMF, data to support OTDOA positioning methods, Cell-ID for NR Cell ID positioning methods, and Cell location IDs. Even without information about associated NRPPa transactions, AMFs can route NRPPa PDUs based on the routing ID of associated LMFs via the NG-C interface.

[0144] The NRPPa protocol procedures for location and data acquisition can be divided into two types. The first type is UE-associated procedures for transmitting information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information), and the second type is non-UE-associated procedures for transmitting information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and associated TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information). The procedures of these two types can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0145] On the other hand, positioning methods supported by NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID (enhanced cell ID), barometric pressure sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, and TBS (terrestrial beacon system), UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival), etc. The position of the UE can be measured using any one of the above positioning methods, but it is also possible to measure the position of the UE using two or more positioning methods.

[0146] (1)OTDOA(Observed Time Difference Of Arrival)

[0147] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0148] The OTDOA positioning method utilizes the measurement timing of downlink signals received by the UE from multiple TPs, including eNBs, ng-eNBs, and PRS-dedicated TPs. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using positional data received from a location server. Based on these measurement results and the geographical coordinates of adjacent TPs, the UE's position can then be determined.

[0149] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap from a TP for OTDOA measurement. If the UE is unable to recognize the Single Frequency Network (SFN) for at least one TP in the OTDOA auxiliary data, it can use an autonomous gap to obtain the SFN of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap for the Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurement.

[0150] Here, RSTD can be defined based on the smallest relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from a reference cell and a measurement cell, respectively. That is, RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the reference cell's subframe closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the reference cell's subframe closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell. Meanwhile, the reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0151] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it is necessary to measure the TOA (time of arrival) of signals received from three or more geographically dispersed TPs or base stations. For example, by measuring the TOA for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3, and calculating the RSTD for TP1-TP2, TP2-TP3, and TP3-TP1 based on the three TOA values, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be estimated as the location of the UE. In this case, accuracy and / or uncertainty may arise for each TOA measurement, and the estimated UE location can also be known as a specific range due to measurement uncertainty.

[0152] For example, the RSTD for two TPs can be calculated based on Formula 1.

[0153]

number

[0154] Here, c is the speed of light, {xt, yt} are the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {xi, yi} are the coordinates of the (known) TP, and {x1, y1} are the coordinates of the reference TP (or another TP). Here, (Ti-T1) is the transmission time offset between the two TPs, which can be called "Real Time Differences" (RTDs), and ni, n1 can represent values ​​relating to the UE TOA measurement error.

[0155] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0156] In a Cell ID (CID) positioning method, the location of a UE can be determined via the geographical information of the UE's serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, the geographical information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0157] On the other hand, the E-CID positioning method, in addition to the CID positioning method, can utilize additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources to improve UE position estimates. While the E-CID positioning method can use some of the same measurement methods as the measurement control system of the RRC protocol, it generally does not perform additional measurements solely for UE position measurement. In other words, a separate measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be provided to measure the UE's position, and the UE can report measurements obtained through generally measurable measurement methods without expecting to be required to perform additional measurement operations solely for position measurement.

[0158] For example, a serving gNB can implement an E-CID positioning method using E-UTRA measurements provided by the UE.

[0159] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning include the following:

[0160] -UE measurements: E-UTRA RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), E-UTRA RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), UE E-UTRA reception-transmission time difference (Rx-Tx Time difference), GERAN (GSM EDGE Random Access Network) / WLAN RSSI (Reference Signal Strength Indication), UTRAN CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0161] -E-UTRAN measurement: ng-eNB receive-transmit time difference (Rx-Tx Time difference), Timing Advance (TADV), Angle of Arrival (AoA)

[0162] Here, TADV can be divided into Type 1 and Type 2, as shown below.

[0163] TADV Type 1 = (ng - eNB reception - transmission time difference) + (UE E - UTRA reception - transmission time difference)

[0164] TADV Type2 = ng-eNB receive-transmit time difference

[0165] On the other hand, AoA can be used to measure the direction of an UE. AoA can be defined as the estimated angle relative to the UE's position, counterclockwise from the base station / TP. In this case, the geographic reference direction can be north. The base station / TP can utilize uplink signals such as SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) and / or DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) for AoA measurement. Furthermore, the larger the antenna array arrangement, the higher the accuracy of AoA measurement, and if the antenna array is arranged at the same interval, signals received from adjacent antenna elements can have a certain phase rotation.

[0166] (3)UTDOA(Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0167] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of an UE by estimating the arrival time of an SRS signal. When calculating the estimated SRS arrival time, the serving cell is used as a reference cell, and the location of the UE can be estimated through the arrival time difference with other cells (or base stations / TPs). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can instruct the target UE's serving cell to instruct the target UE to transmit an SRS signal. The E-SMLC can also provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic or aperiodic, bandwidth, and frequency / group / sequence hopping.

[0168] (4) RTT (Round Trip Time)

[0169] RTT (Round-Time Telemetry) is a positioning technique that can measure the distance between two entities even when time synchronization between the target entity and the server entity is not possible. If RTT is performed with various server entities, the distance from each server entity can be measured. Then, by drawing circles using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute positioning of the target entity can be performed at the point where the circles intersect. This can be called multi-RTT, for example.

[0170] The method for performing RTT between two entities is as follows: Entity #1 can send PRS#1 at t1, and Entity #2 can receive the aforementioned RRS#1 at t2. After Entity #2 receives the PRS#1, Entity #2 can send PRS#2 at t3, and Entity #1 can receive the PRS#2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be calculated as follows.

[0171]

number

[0172] In the case of round-trip time (RTT) between the UE and gNB, the distance between the UE and gNB can be calculated using the UE Rx-Tx time difference and the gNB Rx-Tx time difference in the table below, based on formula 2 above.

[0173] (5) Double-side RTT

[0174] Double-sided RTT is a positioning technique that can measure the distance between two entities even when there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target entity and the server entity.

[0175] Here's how to perform a double-sided RTT between two entities:

[0176] Figure 14 shows a double-sided RTT according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0177] Double-sided RTT is widely used in UWB (ultra-wide band) positioning and can reduce the effects of clock errors. Referring to Figure 14, the propagation delay T is the result of two measurements (i.e., T round1 , T round2 , T reply1 , T reply2 ) can be estimated. For example, the propagation delay T can be estimated based on equation 3.

[0178]

number

[0179] And then, T round1 ×T round2 -T reply1 ×T reply2 This can be obtained based on formula 4.

[0180]

number

[0181] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as shown in Equation 5.

[0182]

number

[0183] In this case, the estimated error of the propagation delay due to the clock error can be obtained based on Equation 6.

[0184]

number

[0185] On the other hand, existing backscatter-based radar systems can transmit single sensing signal blocks for sensing, and can perform the operation of detecting the backscatter based on the signal reflected by the backscatter from the single sensing signal block. However, the radar system has a problem in that the signal reflected by clutter around the backscatter to be detected interferes significantly with the signal reflected by the backscatter, reducing the detection performance for the backscatter. To solve this problem, N consecutive single sensing signal blocks are transmitted in the time axis, and the backscatter can reflect the incident sensing signal with a constant frequency offset. In this case, the receiving radar can detect the signal reflected and received by the backscatter and the interference signal reflected and received by the clutter at different frequencies, thus solving the problem of reduced detection performance due to mutual interference.

[0186] This disclosure proposes a method and apparatus for obtaining improved radar detection performance by transmitting a single single-sensing signal block instead of transmitting N consecutive single-sensing signal blocks, thereby achieving the improved radar detection performance obtained by transmitting N consecutive single-sensing signal blocks.

[0187] In this disclosure, the following terms are used:

[0188] -LMF: Location Management Function

[0189] -UE-triggered SL positioning: The procedure is UE-triggered SL (sidelink) positioning.

[0190] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: Procedure for SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF

[0191] -UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the UE.

[0192] - SL positioning controlled by base stations: SL positioning groups are generated by base stations.

[0193] -UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE position is calculated by the UE.

[0194] -UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE position is calculated by the base station / LMF.

[0195] -SL positioning group: UE participating in SL positioning

[0196] -T-UE (Target UE): The UE whose position is calculated.

[0197] -S-UE (Server UE): A UE that supports T-UE's positioning.

[0198] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists the positioning of the T-UE.

[0199] -MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed.

[0200] -MW: A measurement window in which both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed manner.

[0201] -SL PRS: Sidelink positioning reference signal

[0202] -CCH: Control channel

[0203] -IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by a TX UE from another UE, including an RX UE, that contains information about a set of preferred resources that the TX UE is suitable to send to the RX UE, and / or a set of non-preferred resources that it is not suitable to send.

[0204] - JCAS: Joint Communication and Sensing

[0205] -RIS: reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0206] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource can consist of an SL PRS resource set comprised of the following information:

[0207] -SL PRS resource set ID

[0208] -SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set

[0209] -SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0210] - SL PRS power control alpha

[0211] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0212] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: This can be set using SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0213] For example, the SL PRS resource set can consist of SL PRS resources composed of the following information:

[0214] -SL PRS Resource ID

[0215] -SL PRS comb size: The interval between REs during which SL PRS is sent in a symbol.

[0216] -SL PRS comb offset: The RE index in which the SL PRS in the first SL PRS symbol is first sent.

[0217] -SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that makes up SL PRS.

[0218] -SL PRS start position: The first symbol index to send an SL PRS within a single slot.

[0219] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols that make up an SL PRS in one slot.

[0220] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) in the frequency domain where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0221] -SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission.

[0222] -SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0223] -SL PRS periodicity: The time-domain period between SL PRS resources, or the unit of a logical slot in the resource pool to which SL PRS is transmitted.

[0224] -SL PRS Offset: An offset in the time domain from the reference timing to the start of the first SL PRS resource, in units of physical or logical slots in the resource pool to which the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0 or the successful reception or decoding of the RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0225] -SL PRS Sequence ID

[0226] -SL PRS spatial relation: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0227] -SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. It can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource locations.

[0228] When a radar receives a signal that has been transmitted by a conventional radar and reflected by an object, the power size of the received signal is attenuated in proportion to the fourth power of the distance to the object being detected. This characteristic can be derived by equation 7.

[0229]

number

[0230] Here, P t This is the transmit power [W], and P r is the received power [W], and G tG is the transmit antenna gain. r σ is the receive antenna gain, σ is the radar cross section, and A er This could be the effective aperture area of ​​the receiving antenna.

[0231] On the other hand, object detection radar / sensing signals transmitted based on ISAC systems need to have their transmission power limited to account for interference from communication signals. Therefore, unlike general radar transmission signals, object detection radar / sensing signals transmitted based on ISAC systems may not be suitable for sensing distant objects by transmitting high signal power. In addition, since only a portion of the signal incident on the object is reflected and received, there is a potential problem of further attenuation of the received signal power and a decrease in reception performance.

[0232] To solve the above-mentioned problems, in the case of bistatic radar technology, in which a signal transmitted by a transmitting radar is reflected by an object and received by a separate receiving radar to sense the object, the power of the signal received by the receiving radar is attenuated in proportion to the nth power of the product of the distance between the transmitting radar and the object and the distance between the receiving radar and the object (for example, n=2 in free space). Therefore, when the distance between the receiving radar and the object is relatively short, there is an advantage in that the detection performance for the object is improved. This characteristic can be derived by equation 8.

[0233]

number

[0234] Here, P TX P is the transmit signal power. RXR is the received signal power, TX is the transmitter-to-target distance, and R RX G is the receiver-to-target distance. TX G is the transmit antenna gain. RX λ is the receive antenna gain, λ is the wavelength, and RCS can be the radar cross section.

[0235] Figure 15 shows a radar system with M-sample length chirp signal blocks according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0236] For example, a system that transmits a single sensing signal (e.g., a chirp sequence) block and detects the backscatter from the signal reflected by the backscatter can be implemented as shown in Figure 15.

[0237] Referring to Figure 15, an M-sample length chirp signal block generated by an M-sample chirp signal generator is converted to an analog signal via a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), then modulated and amplified to an RF frequency via an up-converter, and finally transmitted via a TX antenna. For example, the transmitted chirp signal block may be reflected by a backscatter and received by an RX antenna. The received signal is then demodulated to a baseband signal via a down-converter and can be multiplied by a mixer with the transmitted M-sample length chirp signal block. Subsequently, this can be converted to a digital signal via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and then passed through an M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) with a chirp signal block length of M. In this case, the signal energy can be detected at a frequency position proportional to the distance to the backscatter, and finally, the distance and velocity can be estimated by the range and Doppler stimulation blocks from the backscatter.

[0238] Figure 16 shows a transmitted chirp signal block waveform according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 17 shows the channel impulse response of the entire transmit and receive channel according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 18 shows a received chirp signal block waveform according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 19 shows the M-point FFT output signal for the received chirp signal block according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of Figures 16 to 19 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0239] For example, the signal waveform of the M-sample chirp signal output through the DAC block in Figure 15 is shown in Figure 16.

[0240] For example, assuming that the channel impulse response for a channel reflected by backscatter from the TX antenna in FIG. 15 and received by the RX antenna has a delay spread τ value as shown in FIG. 17, the chirp signal reflected by the backscatter and received by the RX antenna can be a signal whose chirp signal block length is increased from the time domain by the delay spread as shown in FIG. 18. For example, in FIG. 18, the vertically hatched portion is a time domain corresponding to the M sample length, and the hatched portion can be a time domain corresponding to the length of the delay spread of a channel having the characteristics of FIG. 17.

[0241] For example, the waveform of the M-point FFT output signal in FIG. 15 can be as shown in FIG. 19. In FIG. 19, the signal indicated by a thin long vertical line may represent a signal reflected by clutter, and the signal indicated by a thick short vertical line may represent a signal reflected by the backscatter. As shown in FIG. 19, it can be seen that the size of the signal reflected by the backscatter is smaller than that of the signal reflected by clutter, so that the detection performance based on the backscatter is significantly degraded.

[0242] The present disclosure relates to a method for implementing the operation of a radar system that has transmitted the aforementioned N consecutive sensing signal blocks by using the radar system hardware based on the aforementioned transmission of a single sensing signal block (e.g., a chirp signal).

[0243] For example, a radar receiver that has received the reflected sensing signal block of FIG. 18 can virtually restore the reflected and received signal when the aforementioned consecutive N sensing signal blocks are transmitted, by duplicating the reflected sensing signal block N times on the time axis and connecting the duplicated blocks. At this time, the received signal portion elongated by the channel impulse response of the overall transmission and reception channel in FIG. 17 (for example, the hatched portion in FIG. 18) can be added to the start portion of the received sensing signal block in FIG. 18. Through this, when the received sensing signal block is duplicated N times on the time axis and connected, a received signal similar to that obtained when the consecutive N sensing signal blocks are transmitted and received can be virtually restored. For example, the waveform obtained by adding the portion extended by the transmission channel to the start portion of the received signal block is as shown in FIG. 20, and the final waveform obtained by duplicating N times and connecting as described above is as shown in FIG. 21.

[0244] FIG. 20 can illustrate a reconstructed received single chirp signal block waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 21 can illustrate duplicated and reconstructed received consecutive N chirp signal block waveforms according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0245] FIG. 22 illustrates a backscatter detection radar system based on reconstruction for consecutive N-sample sensing signal blocks according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0246] For example, referring to Figure 22, the received signals for the N consecutive sensing signal blocks can be virtually reconstructed using the ADC output signal in Figure 15. Through this, the detection performance for the backscatter can be improved. In Figure 22, the M-sample chirp signal reconstruction block can reconstruct the M-sample chirp received signal (as shown in Figure 20) by adding the portion of the received signal lengthened by the transmit channel (shaded portion) in Figure 18 to the first portion of the received signal block. The N-duplicate block of the M-sample chirp signal can virtually reconstruct the received signals for the N consecutive sensing signal blocks (as shown in Figure 21) by duplicating and connecting the reconstructed M-sample chirp signal N times in the time axis. The N*M-point FFT block can perform an FFT on the received signals for the reconstructed N consecutive sensing signal blocks to separate the signals reflected by the clutter and the backscatter into different spectral components. Based on this, the enhanced range and Doppler estimation blocks can detect the backscatter based on the signal from which clutter interference has been removed.

[0247] Figure 23 shows a backscatter detection radar system based on reconstruction of a series of N-sample sensing signal blocks, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 23 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0248] For example, referring to Figure 23, if the ADC output signal cannot be used in the system shown in Figure 15, the radar system can detect backscatter based on the reconstructed consecutive N-sample sensing signal block described above, based on the M-point FFT output signal. In Figure 23, the ADC output signal can be restored by performing an M-point IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) again on the M-point FFT output. Subsequently, the signal processing block may be the same as the signal processing block performed based on the ADC output in Figure 22.

[0249] Figure 24 shows a detection signal waveform of a continuous chirp signal-based radar system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 24 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0250] In Figures 22 and 23, the waveform of the N*M point FFT output signal may be as shown in Figure 24. In Figure 24, where N=3, the position resolution for the detected object in the frequency domain can be improved threefold compared to when an M point FFT is performed. In Figure 24, the solid line represents the signal reflected by clutter, and the dotted line represents the signal reflected by backscatter. As shown in Figure 24, the signal reflected by clutter and the signal reflected by backscatter, shown by the solid line, can be separated into different frequency components. Through this, the interference problem caused by the signal reflected by clutter in backscatter detection can be solved.

[0251] For example, in the operation described above, the number of times the receiving radar system repeatedly connects the sensing signal blocks in the time axis, N, and / or the number of samples in the single sensing signal block, M, can be set (in advance) (for each resource pool). For example, the N and / or M values ​​are reported to the backscatter, and the backscatter can frequency modulate and reflect the signal incident on it based on the N and / or M values. For example, when a transmitting radar transmits a sensing signal block consisting of M samples (e.g., a chirp signal), the backscatter can modulate the incident signal by the amount shown in [Equation 9] below, and the receiving radar can detect the backscatter by reconstructing the signal reflected by the backscatter from the sensing signal block into N consecutive M-sample sensing signal blocks as shown in Figure 21. For example, the k value can be an integer that is neither 0 nor a multiple of N, and is smaller than the N*M value. For example, the k value may be set such that backscatter is indicated in the remaining frequency domain, excluding the position indicated in the frequency domain by the signal reflected by clutter (solid line position in Figure 24), as shown in Figure 24. For example, the sensing signal block transmitted by the transmitting radar may indicate the N value and / or the M value. For example, the N value and / or the M value may be indicated based on a specific sequence type sensing signal.

[0252]

number

[0253] The examples in this disclosure are not limited to chirp signal block-based radar systems, but can also be applied to general sensing signal-based radar systems that can be used to detect objects reflecting transmitted signals similar to the chirp signal block.

[0254] For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the service type. For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the priority (LCH or service). For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range). For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the PQI parameter. For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the SL HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, the aforementioned rule applicability and / or proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / allowed specifically for (or differently or independently of) SL HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, the aforementioned rule applicability and / or proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / allowed specifically for (or differently or independently of) resource pool CBR measurements. For example, the aforementioned rule applicability and / or proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / allowed specifically for (or differently or independently of) SL cast types (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast). For example, the aforementioned rule applicability and / or proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / allowed specifically for (or differently or independently of) SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, TX-RX distance-based NACK only feedback).For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) an SL Mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG Type 1 or SL CG Type 2). For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) an SL Mode type (e.g., Mode 1 or Mode 2). For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) a resource pool. For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) whether the PSFCH resource is a configured resource pool. For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) a source (L2) ID. For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the destination (L2) ID. For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the PC5 RRC connection link. For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the SL link. For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the connection status (with the base station) (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state). For example, the rule applicability and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the SL HARQ process (ID).For example, the aforementioned rule applicability and / or proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​in this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the possibility of SL DRX operation (of a TX UE or RX UE). For example, the aforementioned rule applicability and / or proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​in this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the possibility of power-saving (TX or RX) UEs. For example, the aforementioned rule applicability and / or proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​in this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) cases where PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX (and / or multiple PSFCH TX (exceeding UE capacity)) overlap (and / or when PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are omitted) (from the perspective of a particular UE). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​in this disclosure can be set / permitted in a specific way (or differently or independently) way when the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from the TX UE.

[0255] For example, the wording of configuration (or designation) in this disclosure can be broadly interpreted to mean that the base station informs the terminal via predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channels / signals (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or provides via pre-configuration, and / or informs other terminals via predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channels / signals (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0256] For example, in this disclosure, the PSFCH wording can be broadly interpreted to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). Furthermore, the proposed methods of this disclosure can be combined with each other and used in an expanded manner (in new ways).

[0257] For example, in this disclosure, a specific threshold may be predefined or mean a threshold set (in advance) by a higher layer (including the application layer) of the network, base station, or terminal. For example, in this disclosure, a specific setting value may be predefined or mean a value set (in advance) by a higher layer (including the application layer) of the network, base station, or terminal. For example, an operation set by the network / base station may mean an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) to the UE via higher-layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

[0258] Figure 25 shows a method by which the first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 25 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0259] Referring to Figure 25, in step S2510, the first device can transmit a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples. In step S2520, the first device can obtain a second sensing signal block by mixing the signal received from the first sensing signal block reflected by the second device with the first sensing signal block. In step S2530, the first device can convert the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. In step S2540, the first device can obtain a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. In step S2550, the first device can perform an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0260] For example, the second device can detect based on the N*M point FFT of the fourth sensing signal block.

[0261] For example, by adding a signal in the time domain related to said delay spreading to the start portion of said second sensing signal block, said second sensing signal block can be converted into said third sensing signal block.

[0262] For example, said fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by duplicating N pieces of said third sensing signal block and connecting them sequentially.

[0263] For example, based on that an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) output signal related to said second sensing signal block is available, said second sensing signal block can be converted into said third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction for said ADC output signal.

[0264] For example, based on that an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) output signal related to said second sensing signal block is unavailable, said second sensing signal block can be converted into said third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction for a signal obtained via M-point FFT and M-point IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) for said ADC output signal.

[0265] For example, at least any one of the value of said N or the value of said M can be configured for said first apparatus or said second apparatus.

[0266] For example, at least any one of the value of said N or the value of said M can be configured for a resource pool through which said first sensing signal block is transmitted.

[0267] For example, at least any one of the value of said N or the value of said M can be reported from said first apparatus to said second apparatus.

[0268] For example, at least one of the values ​​of N or M can be represented by the first sensing signal block.

[0269] For example, at least one of the values ​​of N or M can be displayed based on a sequence type sensing signal.

[0270] For example, the second sensing signal block can be acquired by frequency modulating the first sensing block based on at least one of the values ​​of N or M.

[0271] For example, the second sensing signal block can be acquired by frequency modulating the first sensing block such that the signal reflected by the second device is indicated in the remaining frequency domain, excluding the position indicated in the frequency domain by the signal reflected by the clutter.

[0272] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to transmit a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples. The processor 102 of the first device 100 can then mix the signal received by the second device with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block. The processor 102 of the first device 100 can then convert the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. The processor 102 of the first device 100 can then obtain a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. The processor 102 of the first device 100 can then perform an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0273] A first device configured to perform wireless communication is provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to transmit a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples, based on that the instructions are executed by the at least one processor; the first sensing signal block to be reflected by a second device and mixed with the received signals to obtain a second sensing signal block; the second sensing signal block to be converted into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; the third sensing signal block to be duplicated N times to obtain a fourth sensing signal block; and an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to be performed on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0274] A processing unit configured to control a first device is provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the processing unit may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to transmit a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples, based on execution by the at least one processor; the first sensing signal block to mix the signal reflected and received by the second device with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; the second sensing signal block to be converted into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; the third sensing signal block to be duplicated N times to obtain a fourth sensing signal block; and an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to be performed on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0275] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium for recording instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a first device to transmit a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; the first sensing signal block to be reflected and received by a second device and mixed with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; the second sensing signal block to be converted into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; the third sensing signal block to be duplicated N times to obtain a fourth sensing signal block; and an N*M point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to be performed on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0276] Figure 26 shows a method by which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 26 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0277] Referring to Figure 26, in step S2610, the second device can receive a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from the first device. In step S2620, the second device can reflect the first sensing signal block and transmit the signal to the first device. For example, the second sensing signal block can be obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the first sensing signal block to the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. For example, the fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) can be performed on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0278] For example, the second device can detect based on the N*M point FFT of the fourth sensing signal block.

[0279] For example, by adding the time-domain signal related to the delay diffusion to the beginning of the second sensing signal block, the second sensing signal block can be converted into the third sensing signal block.

[0280] For example, the fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times and connecting them in sequence.

[0281] For example, based on the availability of an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) output signal associated with the second sensing signal block, the second sensing signal block can be converted to the third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction of the ADC output signal.

[0282] For example, if the ADC (analog-to-digital converter) output signal associated with the second sensing signal block is unavailable, the second sensing signal block can be transformed into the third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction of the signal obtained via M-point FFT and M-point IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) on the ADC output signal.

[0283] For example, at least one of the values ​​of N or M can be set for the first device or the second device.

[0284] For example, at least one of the values ​​of N or M can be set for the resource pool to which the first sensing signal block is transmitted.

[0285] For example, at least one of the values ​​of N or M can be reported from the first device to the second device.

[0286] For example, at least one of the values ​​of N or M can be represented by the first sensing signal block.

[0287] For example, at least one of the values ​​of N or M can be displayed based on a sequence type sensing signal.

[0288] For example, the second sensing signal block can be acquired by frequency modulating the first sensing block based on at least one of the values ​​of N or M.

[0289] For example, the second sensing signal block can be acquired by frequency modulating the first sensing block such that the signal reflected by the second device is indicated in the remaining frequency domain, excluding the position indicated in the frequency domain by the signal reflected by the clutter.

[0290] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can receive a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from the first device. Then, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can reflect the first sensing signal block and transmit the signal to the first device. For example, the second sensing signal block can be obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the first sensing signal block to the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. For example, the fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) can be performed on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0291] A second device configured to perform wireless communication is provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to receive a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from the first device, and to transmit a signal to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block, based on that the instructions are executed by the at least one processor. For example, the second sensing signal block can be obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the first sensing signal block to the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. For example, a fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) can be performed on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0292] A processing unit configured to control a second device is provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the processing unit may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to receive a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from the first device, and to transmit a signal to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the second sensing signal block may be obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the first sensing signal block to the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block may be converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. For example, a fourth sensing signal block may be obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) can be performed on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0293] A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium recording instructions is provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, when executed, the instructions cause a second device to receive a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from the first device; and to transmit a signal to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. For example, a second sensing signal block can be obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the first sensing signal block to the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. For example, a fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) can be performed on the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the values ​​of N and M may be positive integers.

[0294] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, in a radar system that detects backscatter based on the transmission of a single sensing signal block, the single sensing signal block reflected and received by the backscatter can be virtually reconstructed by duplicating it N times and connecting them in the time axis, thereby receiving N consecutive sensing signal blocks. Through this, the detection performance for the backscatter can be improved. Furthermore, since interference components due to clutter reflection can be removed based on the frequency deviation by an RFID (radio frequency identification) attached to the backscatter, the detection performance can be further improved.

[0295] Various embodiments of this disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0296] The following describes devices to which various embodiments of this disclosure apply.

[0297] Without limit, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation diagrams disclosed in this document can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0298] The following provides more specific examples with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, unless otherwise specified, the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks can be illustrated by the same reference numerals in the same drawings.

[0299] Figure 27 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 27 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0300] Referring to Figure 27, the communication system (1) to which various embodiments of this disclosure apply includes wireless equipment, base stations, and networks. Here, wireless equipment means equipment that communicates using wireless connectivity technologies (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long term evolution)), and can be called communication / wireless / 5G equipment. However, wireless equipment can include, but is not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1, 100b-2, XR (eXtended Reality) equipment 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, IoT (Internet of Things) equipment 100f, and AI equipment / servers 400. For example, vehicles can include vehicles equipped with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Here, a vehicle can include a UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) (e.g., a drone) and / or an AV (Aerial Vehicle) (e.g., an AAM (Advanced Air Mobility)). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Mobile devices can include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices can include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be implemented as wireless devices, and certain wireless devices 200a can operate as base stations / network nodes with other wireless devices.

[0301] Here, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology is an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and can be implemented as standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Furthermore, or generally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this specification can communicate based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology is an example of LPWAN technology and is called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Furthermore, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this specification may include, or generally may not include, at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), which take low-power communication into consideration. For example, Zigbee technology can generate personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and is known by various names.

[0302] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to the network 300 via the base station 200. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via the base station 200 / network 300, but they can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Furthermore, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0303] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c can be performed between wireless devices 100a-100f / base station 200 and between base stations 200 / base station 200. Here, wireless communication / connection can be performed via uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations 150c (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul), or various other wireless connectivity technologies (e.g., 5G NR)). Wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals from each other via wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, at least some of the following can be performed based on the various proposals of this disclosure: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0304] Figure 28 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 28 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0305] Referring to Figure 28, the first radio device 100 and the second radio device 200 can transmit and receive radio signals via various radio connectivity technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {first radio device 100, second radio device 200} can correspond to {radio device 100x, base station 200} and / or {radio device 100x, radio device 100x} in Figure 27.

[0306] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106 and be configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signals via the transceiver 106. Alternatively, the processor 102 may receive a wireless signal containing second information / signals via the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be linked to the processor 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, memory 104 may store software code that includes instructions for executing some or all of the processes controlled by processor 102, or for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, processor 102 and memory 104 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). Transceiver 106 may be coupled with processor 102 and may transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or receiver. Transceiver 106 may be used in combination with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In this disclosure, wireless equipment may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0307] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202, one or more memories 204, and may further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206 and be configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signals via the transceiver 206. Alternatively, the processor 202 may receive a wireless signal containing fourth information / signals via the transceiver 206 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be linked to the processor 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, memory 204 may store software code containing instructions for executing some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202, or for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, processor 202 and memory 204 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). Transceiver 206 may be coupled with processor 202 and may transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or receiver and may be used in combination with an RF unit. In this disclosure, wireless equipment may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0308] The hardware elements of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. However, one or more protocol layers can be embodied by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can embodied one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (Service Data Units) by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate messages, control information, data, or information by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102, 202 can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) containing PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by means of the functions, procedures, suggestions, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide them to one or more transceivers 106, 206. One or more processors 102, 202 can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106, 206 and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0309] One or more processors 102, 202 are referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102, 202 can be embodied by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), one or more DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), one or more PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or one or more FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) may be included in one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be embodied using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be embodied to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented by one or more processors 102, 202, or stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and driven by one or more processors 102, 202, with firmware or software configured to execute them. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0310] One or more memory units 104, 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memory units 104, 204 can consist of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer read / store media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memory units 104, 204 can be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102, 202. Furthermore, one or more memory units 104, 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0311] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the methods and / or operational flowcharts, etc., described herein to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts, etc., disclosed herein from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 to transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices. Furthermore, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be connected to one or more antennas 108, 208 and configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas 108, 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 can convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed using one or more processors 102, 202, from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106, 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0312] Figure 29 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmitted signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 29 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0313] Referring to Figure 29, the signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. However, it is not limited to these, and the operation / function of Figure 29 can be performed by the processors 102, 202 and / or transceivers 106, 206 of Figure 28. The hardware elements of Figure 29 can be embodied by the processors 102, 202 and / or transceivers 106, 206 of Figure 28. For example, blocks 1010-1060 can be embodied by the processors 102, 202 of Figure 28. Also, blocks 1010-1050 can be embodied by the processors 102, 202 of Figure 28, and block 1060 can be embodied by the transceivers 106, 206 of Figure 28.

[0314] The codeword can be converted into a radio signal via the signal processing circuit 1000 in Figure 29. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of information blocks. The information blocks may include transmission blocks (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The radio signal can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0315] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1010. The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include the ID information of the radio equipment. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulated symbol sequence by the modulator 1020. The modulation scheme can include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulated symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper 1030. The modulated symbol of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port (ra) by the precoder 1040 (precoding). The output z of the precoder 1040 is obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1030 by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transformation) on the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0316] The resource mapper 1050 can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1060 may include an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) module, a CP (Cyclic Prefix) inserter, a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter), a frequency uplink converter, and the like.

[0317] In wireless equipment, the signal processing process for a received signal can be the inverse of the signal processing processes 1010-1060 in Figure 29. For example, wireless equipment (e.g., 100, 200 in Figure 28) can receive wireless signals from an external source via an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal via a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descramble process. The codeword can be decoded to restore the original information blocks. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0318] Figure 30 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device can be implemented in a variety of forms depending on the use-example / service (see Figure 27). The embodiment of Figure 30 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0319] Referring to Figure 30, the wireless devices 100 and 200 correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 in Figure 28 and can be composed of various elements, components, units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and an additional element 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and transceivers (etc.) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include one or more processors 102, 202 and / or one or more memories 104, 204 in Figure 28. For example, the transceivers (etc.) 114 may include one or more transceivers 106, 206 and / or one or more antennas 108, 208 in Figure 28. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional element 140 and controls the various operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 can control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / instructions / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 can also transmit the information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit 110, or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0320] The additional element 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 140 may include at least one of the following: a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a drive unit, and a computing unit. However, wireless devices can be embodied in forms such as robots (100a in Figure 27), vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2 in Figure 27), XR devices (100c in Figure 27), mobile devices (100d in Figure 27), home appliances (100e in Figure 27), IoT devices (100f in Figure 27), digital broadcasting terminals, hologram devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices (400 in Figure 27), base stations (200 in Figure 27), and network nodes. Depending on the use-example / service, wireless devices may be mobile or used in a fixed location.

[0321] In Figure 30, the various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can be interconnected as a whole via a wired interface, or at least some of them can be connected wirelessly via the communication unit 110. For example, within the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired interface, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be connected wirelessly via the communication unit 110. Furthermore, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may consist of a collection of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 120 may consist of a collection of a communication control processor, an application processor, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, and so on. As another example, the memory unit 130 may consist of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0322] The following provides a more detailed explanation of the example shown in Figure 30, with reference to other drawings.

[0323] Figure 31 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glass), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop computer). The portable device may be referred to as MS (Mobile Station), UT (user terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), or WT (Wireless terminal). The embodiment in Figure 31 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0324] Referring to Figure 31, the portable device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an input / output unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be composed of a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110-130 / 140a-140c correspond to blocks 110-130 / 140 in Figure 30, respectively.

[0325] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit 120 can control the components of the portable device 100 and perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / code / instructions necessary to operate the portable device 100. The memory unit 130 can also store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit 140a supplies power to the portable device 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit 140b can support the connection of the portable device 100 with other external devices. The interface unit 140b may include various ports for connection with external devices (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports). The input / output unit 140c can receive and output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from the user. The input / output section 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input section, display section 140d, speaker and / or haptic module, etc.

[0326] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit 140c acquires information / signals input from the user (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 converts the information / signals stored in memory into a radio signal and can transmit the converted radio signal directly to other radio devices or to a base station. Furthermore, after receiving a radio signal from another radio device or base station, the communication unit 110 can restore the received radio signal to its original information / signal. The restored information / signal is stored in the memory unit 130 and can then be output via the input / output unit 140c in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic).

[0327] Figure 32 shows a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. The embodiment in Figure 32 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0328] Referring to Figure 32, the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be composed of part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 in Figure 30, respectively.

[0329] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit 140a can make the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 travel on the ground. The drive unit 140a may include an engine, motor, powertrain, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, collision sensor, wheel sensor, speed sensor, tilt sensor, weight detection sensor, heading sensor, position module, vehicle forward / reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies such as maintaining a lane while driving, automatically adjusting speed like adaptive cruise control, automatically driving along a predetermined route, and automatically setting a route and driving when a destination is set.

[0330] For example, the communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit 120 can control the drive unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction adjustment). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 can acquire the latest traffic information data from the external server non-periodically and acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Also, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit 110 can transmit information such as vehicle position, autonomous driving route, and driving plan to the external server. The external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on the information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and can provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0331] The claims described herein can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims herein can be combined and embodied in an apparatus, and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and embodied in a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and embodied in an apparatus, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and embodied in a method.

[0332] [Claims when filing an international application] [Claim 1] A method by which the first device performs wireless communication, A step of transmitting a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; The first sensing signal block is reflected and received by the second device, and the signal is mixed with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; A step of converting the second sensing signal block to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; The steps of obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and The process includes the step of performing an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block; A method in which the value of N and the value of M are positive integers. [Claim 2] The method according to claim 1, wherein the second device is detected based on the N*M point FFT of the fourth sensing signal block. [Claim 3] The method according to claim 1, wherein the second sensing signal block is converted into the third sensing signal block by adding the time-domain signal related to delay spreading to the beginning portion of the second sensing signal block. [Claim 4] The method according to claim 1, wherein the fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times and connecting them in sequence. [Claim 5] The method according to claim 1, wherein, based on the availability of an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) output signal associated with the second sensing signal block, the second sensing signal block is converted to the third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction of the ADC output signal. [Claim 6] The method according to claim 1, wherein, based on the unavailability of the ADC (analog-to-digital converter) output signal associated with the second sensing signal block, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction of the signal obtained via M-point FFT and M-point IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) on the ADC output signal. [Claim 7] The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is set for the first device or the second device. [Claim 8] The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is set for the resource pool to which the first sensing signal block is transmitted. [Claim 9] The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is reported from the first device to the second device. [Claim 10] The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is displayed by the first sensing signal block. [Claim 11] The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is displayed based on a sequence type sensing signal. [Claim 12] The method according to claim 1, wherein the second sensing signal block is obtained by frequency modulating the first sensing block based on at least one of the values ​​of N or M. [Claim 13] The method according to claim 1, wherein the second sensing signal block is acquired by frequency modulating the first sensing block such that the signal reflected by the second device is indicated at the position in the remaining frequency domain, excluding the position indicated in the frequency domain by the signal reflected by the clutter. [Claim 14] A first device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is to cause the first device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by the at least one processor. The aforementioned operation is, A step of transmitting a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; The first sensing signal block is reflected and received by the second device, and the signal is mixed with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; A step of converting the second sensing signal block to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; The steps of obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and The process includes the step of performing an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block; The first apparatus, wherein the value of N and the value of M are positive integers. [Claim 15] A processing device configured to control the first device, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the first device to perform an operation. A step of transmitting a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; The first sensing signal block is reflected and received by the second device, and the signal is mixed with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; A step of converting the second sensing signal block to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; The steps of obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and The process includes the step of performing an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block; A processing device in which the value of N and the value of M are positive integers. [Claim 16] A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the first device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, A step of transmitting a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; The first sensing signal block is reflected and received by the second device, and the signal is mixed with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; A step of converting the second sensing signal block to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; The steps of obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and The process includes the step of performing an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block; A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium in which the values ​​of N and M are positive integers. [Claim 17] A method by which the second device performs wireless communication, A step of receiving a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from a first device; and The process includes the step of reflecting the first sensing signal block and transmitting a signal to the first device; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the second device from the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. The second sensing signal block is converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. An N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and A method in which the value of N and the value of M are positive integers. [Claim 18] A second device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the second device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of receiving a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from a first device; and The process includes the step of reflecting the first sensing signal block and transmitting a signal to the first device; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the second device from the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. The second sensing signal block is converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. An N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and The second device, wherein the values ​​of N and M are positive integers. [Claim 19] A processing device configured to control a second device, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the second device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of receiving a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from a first device; and The process includes the step of reflecting the first sensing signal block and transmitting a signal to the first device; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the second device from the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. The second sensing signal block is converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. An N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and A processing device in which the value of N and the value of M are positive integers. [Claim 20] A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the second device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, A step of receiving a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from a first device; and A step of reflecting the first sensing signal block and transmitting the signal to the first device; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the second device from the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. The second sensing signal block is converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. An N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium in which the values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

Claims

1. A method by which the first device performs wireless communication, The step of transmitting a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; The first sensing signal block is reflected by the second device and the received signal is mixed with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; Steps include converting the second sensing signal block to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; The steps of obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and The process includes the step of performing an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block; A method wherein the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second device is detected based on the N*M point FFT for the fourth sensing signal block.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second sensing signal block is converted into the third sensing signal block by adding the time-domain signal related to delay spreading to the beginning portion of the second sensing signal block.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times and connecting them in sequence.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, based on the availability of an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) output signal associated with the second sensing signal block, the second sensing signal block is converted to the third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction of the ADC output signal.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, based on the unavailability of the ADC (analog-to-digital converter) output signal associated with the second sensing signal block, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction of a signal obtained via M-point FFT and M-point IFFT (InverseFast Fourier Transform) on the ADC output signal.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is set for the first device or the second device.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is set for the resource pool to which the first sensing signal block is transmitted.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is reported from the first device to the second device.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is displayed by the first sensing signal block.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the values ​​of N or M is displayed based on a sequence type sensing signal.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second sensing signal block is obtained by frequency modulating the first sensing block based on at least one of the values ​​of N or M.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second sensing signal block is acquired by frequency modulating the first sensing block such that the signal reflected by the second device is indicated at the position in the remaining frequency domain, excluding the position indicated in the frequency domain by the signal reflected by the clutter.

14. A first device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is to cause the first device to perform an operation based on the fact that it is executed by the at least one processor. The aforementioned operation is, The step of transmitting a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; The first sensing signal block is reflected by the second device and the received signal is mixed with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; Steps include converting the second sensing signal block to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; The steps of obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and The process includes the step of performing an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block; The first apparatus, wherein the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

15. A processing apparatus configured to control the first device, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the first device to perform an operation. The step of transmitting a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; The first sensing signal block is reflected by the second device and the received signal is mixed with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; Steps include converting the second sensing signal block to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; The steps of obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and The process includes the step of performing an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block; A processing device in which the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

16. A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the first device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, The step of transmitting a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples; The first sensing signal block is reflected by the second device and the received signal is mixed with the first sensing signal block to obtain a second sensing signal block; Steps include converting the second sensing signal block to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread; The steps of obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times; and The process includes the step of performing an N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the fourth sensing signal block; A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium in which the values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

17. A method by which the second device performs wireless communication, A step of receiving a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from a first device; and The process includes the step of reflecting the first sensing signal block and transmitting a signal to the first device; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the second device from the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. The second sensing signal block is converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. An N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and A method wherein the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

18. A second device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the second device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, Steps include receiving a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from a first device; and The process includes the step of reflecting the first sensing signal block and transmitting a signal to the first device; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the second device from the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. The second sensing signal block is converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. An N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and The second device, wherein the values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

19. A processing device configured to control a second device, At least one processor, and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the second device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, Steps include receiving a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from a first device; and The process includes the step of reflecting the first sensing signal block and transmitting a signal to the first device; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the second device from the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. The second sensing signal block is converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. An N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and A processing device in which the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

20. A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the second device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, Steps include receiving a first sensing signal block consisting of M samples from a first device; and A step of reflecting the first sensing signal block and transmitting a signal to the first device; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected by the second device from the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. The second sensing signal block is converted to a third sensing signal block based on delay spread. The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by duplicating the third sensing signal block N times. An N*M point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium in which the values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

Images