Orthogonal cover code for frequency-modulated continuous wave-based channel state information reference signal multiplexing.

Abstract

Various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a network node may transmit a first frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). The network node may transmit a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal or channel, the first FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) or the second OCCs. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The aspects of this disclosure generally relate to technologies and apparatus for orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) for frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) multiplexing, with respect to wireless communications. [Background technology]

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, including telephone communication, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems can employ multiple access technologies that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of extensions to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard, published by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®).

[0003] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication between wireless communication devices, such as one or more user equipment (UEs). UEs may communicate with network nodes via downlink and uplink communications. "Downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication link from a network node to a UE, and "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication link from a UE to a network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communication via local links (e.g., sidelink (SL), wireless local area network (WLAN) links, and / or wireless personal area network (WPAN) links, among other examples).

[0004] The multiple access technologies described above have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables various UEs to communicate at the city, national, regional, and / or global levels. New Radio (NR), sometimes referred to as 5G, is a set of extensions to the LTE mobile standard published by 3GPP®. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, enhancing services, utilizing new spectra, and better integrating with other open standards by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with cyclic prefixes (CP) on the downlink and CP-OFDM and / or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM) on the uplink, as well as by supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful. [Overview of the project]

[0005] In some implementations, the device for wireless communication at a network node includes one or more memories, and one or more processors, each configured to transmit a first frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) individually or collectively, and at least partially based on information stored in one or more memories, and to transmit a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel at least partially based on one or more of the first orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) or second OCCs.

[0006] In some implementations, the device for wireless communication in the UE includes one or more memories, and one or more processors, each configured to receive a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, which is multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, based at least partially on one or more of the first or second OCCs, individually or collectively, and at least partially on the information stored in the one or more memories.

[0007] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a network node includes the network node transmitting a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, and the network node transmitting a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel based at least partially on one or more of the first or second OCCs.

[0008] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by the UE includes the UE receiving a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, the first FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first or second OCCs.

[0009] In some implementations, a non-temporary computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of a network node, cause the network node to transmit a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, and one or more instructions, which include a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel at least in part on one or more of the first or second OCCs.

[0010] In some implementations, a non-temporary computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, cause the UE to receive a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, the first FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first or second OCCs.

[0011] In some implementations, the device for wireless communication includes means for transmitting a first FMCW-based CSI-RS and means for transmitting a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel based at least partially on one or more of the first or second OCCs.

[0012] In some implementations, the device for wireless communication includes means for receiving a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, the first FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first or second OCCs.

[0013] Embodiments are generally substantially described herein with reference to the drawings and this specification and include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-temporary computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices, and / or processing systems as shown herein.

[0014] The above provides a fairly broad overview of the features and technical advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure so that the following “Modes for Carrying Out the Invention” may be better understood. Additional features and advantages are described below. The concepts and specific embodiments disclosed may be readily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures to accomplish the same objectives of this disclosure. Such equivalent structures shall not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, their configuration and method of operation, along with their relevant advantages, will be better understood by considering the following description in relation to the accompanying figures. Each figure is provided for illustrative and explanatory purposes and is not provided to define any limitation of the claims.

[0015] While various embodiments are described herein by example to several embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that such embodiments can be implemented in many different configurations and scenarios. The techniques described herein can be implemented using a variety of platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging configurations. For example, some embodiments can be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-modular component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices). The embodiments can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating the described embodiments and features may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described embodiments. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or analog adders) for analog and digital purposes. The embodiments described herein are intended to be applicable to a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed configurations, and / or end-user devices of various sizes, shapes, and structures.

[0016] A more detailed explanation of the features of this disclosure listed above can be obtained by referring to the embodiments partially shown in the accompanying drawings, which provide a more comprehensive understanding of the features of this disclosure listed above. However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate certain typical embodiments of this disclosure, and therefore the explanation may be incorporated into other equally effective embodiments and should not be considered to limit the scope of this disclosure. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network node that communicates with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example non-aggregated base station architecture according to the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) waveform at a receiver according to the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an orthogonal FMCW waveform according to the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an orthogonal cover code (OCC) for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW)-based channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) multiplexing according to the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an OCC for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing according to the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process associated with an OCC for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing according to the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process associated with an OCC for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing according to the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) waveforms can be used for channel sounding. The frequency can increase linearly with time for an FMCW waveform. FMCW waveforms can enable relatively low analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) sampling rates at the receiver.

[0019] For multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel sounding in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems, FMCW-based channel status reference signals (CSI-RS) may need to be multiplexed with other signals / channels to achieve higher spectral efficiency. However, as seen in radar systems, when the duration of a single chirp is designed to be the same as the duration of an OFDM symbol, then the duration of L symbols can only support L-port CSI-RS. As a result, other OFDM signals / channels cannot be multiplexed orthogonally onto these L symbols, which can reduce spectral efficiency and degrade overall system performance.

[0020] Various embodiments generally relate to quadrature cover codes (OCCs) for FMCW-based reference signal multiplexing. Some embodiments, in more detail, relate to two-level OCCs for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing with other FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signals / channels. In some examples, a network node may transmit a first FMCW-based CSI-RS to a UE. The network node may transmit a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel (signal / channel) to the UE or to another UE. The first FMCW-based CSI-RS may be multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal / channel based at least partially on the first OCC and / or the second OCC. The first OCC may be a time OCC within an OFDM symbol. The first OCC may be based at least partially on a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) code. The DFT code may be associated with a code index. The corresponding frequency resource occupation may be based at least partially on the code index. The second OCC may be within an OFDM symbol. In the case of the second OCC, multiple indices of the first OCC within the OFDM symbol may be associated with orthogonal codes. The second OCC may span OFDM symbols. For a second OCC spanning OFDM symbols, the total number of symbols (L) may be associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer. The second OCC may be associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS.

[0021] Certain aspects of the subject matter described herein can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by implementing a first OCC and / or a second OCC for MIMO channel sounding in an OFDM communication system, the techniques described can be used to multiplex an FMCW-based CSI-RS with other OFDM signals / channels (or other FMCW-based CSI-RS) to achieve relatively high spectral efficiency. The other OFDM signals / channels may be multiplexed on the symbol duration in an orthogonal manner, which can improve spectral efficiency and overall system performance.

[0022] Hereafter, various aspects of this disclosure will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to any particular structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided to make this disclosure sufficient and complete and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of this disclosure is intended to encompass any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, an apparatus can be implemented or a method can be practiced using any number of aspects described herein. In addition, the scope of this disclosure is intended to encompass any such apparatus or method practiced using other structures, functions, or structures and functions in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of this disclosure described herein. It should be understood that any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein can be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0023] Next, several embodiments of telecommunications systems are presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques are described in the following “Modes for Carrying Out the Invention” and are shown in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “Elements”). These Elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether such Elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0024] While various aspects may be described herein using terms commonly associated with 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), the aspects of this disclosure may also apply to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT, and / or RATs following 5G (e.g., 6G).

[0025] Figure 1 shows an example of a wireless network 100 as described herein. The wireless network 100 may be, or may include elements thereof, a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) network, among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE120a, UE120b, UE120c, UE120d, and UE120e), and / or other entities. A network node 110 is a network node that communicates with a UE 120. As shown in the figure, a network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, network node 110 may be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). Alternatively, network node 110 may be a non-aggregated network node (sometimes called a non-aggregated base station), meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0026] In some examples, network node 110 is a network node such as an RU that communicates with UE 120 via a wireless access link, or includes such network nodes. In some examples, network node 110 is a network node such as a DU that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, or includes such network nodes. In some examples, network node 110 is a network node such as a CU that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or with the core network via a backhaul link, or includes such network nodes. In some examples, network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or an unaggregated network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. Network nodes 110 may include, for example, NR base stations, LTE base stations, node B, eNB (e.g., in 4G), gNB (e.g., in 5G), access points, transmission reception points (TRPs), DUs, RUs, CUs, network mobility elements, core network nodes, network elements, network equipment, RAN nodes, or combinations thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 may interconnect with each other or with one or more other network nodes 110 within the wireless network 100 using any suitable transport network through various types of fronthaul interfaces, midhaul interfaces and / or backhaul interfaces, such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks.

[0027] In some examples, network node 110 may provide communication coverage to a specific geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®), the term “cell” may refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 and / or the network node subsystems serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. Network node 110 may provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, and / or other types of cells. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UE120s subscribing to the service. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UE120s subscribing to the service. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow limited access by UE120s associated with that femtocell (e.g., UE120s within a closed subscriber group, CSG). A network node 110 for a macrocell may be called a macronetwork node. A network node 110 for a picocell may be called a piconetwork node. A network node 110 for a femtocell may be called a femtonetwork node or home network node. In the example shown in Figure 1, network node 110a may be a macronetwork node for macrocell 102a, network node 110b may be a piconetwork node for picocell 102b, and network node 110c may be a femtonetwork node for femtocell 102c. A network node may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some embodiments, cells may not necessarily be fixed, and the geographical area of ​​a cell may move according to the location of a mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0028] In some embodiments, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to an aggregated base station, a non-aggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some embodiments, “base station” or “network node” may refer to a CU, DU, RU, a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to a single device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in relation to network node 110. In some embodiments, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of several different devices (which may be located at the same or different geographical locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function or to replicate the performance of at least a portion of a function, and the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to any one or more of those different devices. In some embodiments, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some embodiments, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some embodiments, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one of the base station functions and not another. In this way, a single device may contain two or more base stations.

[0029] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive data transmissions from upstream nodes (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) and forward those data transmissions to downstream nodes (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions to other UE 120s. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 120d to facilitate communication between them. The network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, relay base station, relay network node, relay node, repeater, etc.

[0030] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network including different types of network nodes 110, such as macronetwork nodes, piconetwork nodes, femtonetwork nodes, and relay network nodes. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different effects on interference within the wireless network 100. For example, macronetwork nodes may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 to 40 watts), while piconetwork nodes, femtonetwork nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0031] The network controller 130 may be coupled to or communicate with a set of network nodes 110, and may provide coordination and control over these network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via backhaul or midhaul communication links. The network nodes 110 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly via wireless or wireline backhaul communication links. In some embodiments, the network controller 130 may be a CU or core network device, or may include a CU or core network device.

[0032] UE120 may be distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE120 may be fixed or mobile. UE120 may include, for example, access terminals, terminals, mobile stations, and / or subscriber units. UE120 may also be mobile phones (e.g., smartphones), personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless modems, wireless communication devices, handheld devices, laptop computers, cordless phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, tablets, cameras, gaming devices, netbooks, smartbooks, ultrabooks, medical devices, biometric devices, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristbands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart rings or smart bracelets)), entertainment devices (e.g., music devices, video devices, and / or satellite radios), vehicle components or sensors, smart meters / sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, global positioning system devices, UE functions of network nodes, and / or any other suitable devices configured to communicate via wireless or wired media.

[0033] Some UE120s may be considered Machine-Type Communication (MTC) UEs, or evolved or enhanced Machine-Type Communication (eMTC) UEs. Examples of MTC UEs and / or eMTC UEs include robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags that can communicate with network nodes, other devices (e.g., remote devices), or any other entities. Some UE120s may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and / or implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UE120s may be considered customer premises equipment. A UE120 may be contained within a housing that accommodates its components, such as processor components and / or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and memory components may be coupled together. For example, processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and memory components (e.g., memory) can be operably coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0034] In general, any number of wireless networks 100 can be deployed within a given geographical area. Each wireless network 100 may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. RAT may be referred to as wireless technology, air interface, etc. Frequencies may be referred to as carriers, frequency channels, etc. To avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs, each frequency may support a single RAT within a given geographical area. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0035] In some embodiments, two or more UE120s (e.g., indicated as UE120a and UE120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary for communication with each other). For example, UE120s may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh networks. In such embodiments, UE120s may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere in this specification as being performed by network node 110.

[0036] Devices in wireless network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various classes, bands, channels, etc., depending on frequency or wavelength. For example, devices in wireless network 100 can communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands are defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is higher than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and papers. A similar nomenclature issue may arise with respect to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and papers, even though it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) which is identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0037] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as intermediate band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research defines the operating band for these intermediate band frequencies as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). The frequency bands included within FR3 may inherit the FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus, in effect, the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be extended to the intermediate band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being considered to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been defined as the frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0038] With the above examples in mind, please understand that, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "sub-6GHz" may broadly refer to frequencies that may be below 6GHz, frequencies that may be within the FR1 range, or frequencies that may include intermediate band frequencies. Furthermore, please understand that, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "millimeter wave" may broadly refer to frequencies that may include intermediate band frequencies, frequencies that may be within the FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and / or FR5 ranges, or frequencies that may be within the EHF band. The frequencies included within these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and the techniques described herein are intended to be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0039] In some embodiments, a network node (e.g., network node 110) may include a communications manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere in this specification, the communications manager 150 may transmit a first FMCW-based CSI-RS and a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel based at least partially on one or more of the first or second OCCs. Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0040] In some embodiments, the UE (e.g., UE120) may include a communications manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere in this specification, the communications manager 140 may receive a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, the first FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first or second OCCs. Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0041] As stated above, Figure 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those described with respect to Figure 1.

[0042] Figure 2 shows one embodiment 200 of a network node 110 communicating with a UE 120 within a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a to 234t, such as T (T≧1) antennas. The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a to 252r, such as R (R≧1) antennas. The network node 110 in Example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antenna 234 and modem 232. In some examples, the network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0043] At network node 110, the transmit processor 220 may receive data from data source 212 addressed to UE120 (or a set of UE120s). The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE120, at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE120. The network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE120, at least in part on the selected MCS(s) for the UE120, and may provide data symbols to the UE120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., related to semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, authorizations, and / or upper-layer signaling), and may provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols relating to reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) MIMO processor 230 may, where applicable, perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to the corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) indicated as modems 232a to 232t. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to the modulator component of modem 232 (indicated as MOD).Each modem 232 may acquire an output sample stream by processing the corresponding output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) using the corresponding modulator component. Each modem 232 may further acquire a downlink signal by processing the output sample stream (for example, converting it to analog, amplifying it, filtering it, and / or upconverting it) using the corresponding modulator component. Modems 232a to 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) over the corresponding set of antennas 234 (for example, T antennas) indicated as antennas 234a to 234t.

[0044] In UE120, a set of antennas 252 (indicated as antennas 252a to 252r) may receive downlink signals from network node 110 and / or other network nodes 110, and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) indicated as modems 254a to 254r. For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component of modem 254 (indicated as DEMOD). Each modem 254 may acquire input samples by modifying the received signals (e.g., filtering, amplifying, downconverting, and / or digitizing) using the corresponding demodulator component. Each modem 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) using the demodulator component to acquire received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may acquire received symbols from modem 254, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and provide the detected symbols. The receiving processor 258 may process the detected symbols (e.g., demodulate and decode), provide the decoded data for UE120 to the data sink 260, and provide the decoded control and system information to the controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor may, among other examples, determine the reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, the reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and / or the CQI parameter. In some examples, one or more components of UE120 may be contained within the housing 284.

[0045] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in the core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.

[0046] One or more antennas (for example, antennas 234a-234t and / or antennas 252a-252r) may include, or be included in, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, antenna group, set of antenna elements, and / or antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (in a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmitting and / or receiving components, such as one or more components in Figure 2.

[0047] On the uplink, in UE120, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from data source 262 and control information from controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reporting, including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by the modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of UE120 may include a modulator and demodulator. In some examples, UE120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s) 252, modem(s) 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and / or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform any of the methods described herein (see, for example, Figures 6 to 11).

[0048] In network node 110, uplink signals from UE 120 and / or other UEs may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., the demodulator component of modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected by MIMO detector 236 where applicable, and further processed by receiving processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120. The receiving processor 238 may provide the decoded data to data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. Network node 110 may include a communication unit 244, which may communicate with network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. Network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 for scheduling one or more UE 120 for downlink and / or uplink communication. In some examples, the modem 232 of network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of an antenna(s) 234, a modem(s) 232, a MIMO detector 236, a receiving processor 238, a transmitting processor 220, and / or a TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., a controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform any aspect of the methods described herein (see, for example, Figures 6 to 11).

[0049] As described in more detail elsewhere in this specification, the controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE120, and / or any other component(s) in Figure 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with OCC for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing. For example, the controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE120, and / or any other component(s) in Figure 2 may perform or direct the operation of, for example, process 800 in Figure 8, process 900 in Figure 9, and / or other processes as described herein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program code for network node 110 and UE120, respectively. In some embodiments, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include non-temporary computer-readable media storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, when one or more instructions are executed by one or more processors of the network node 110 and / or UE 120 (e.g., directly, or after being compiled, translated, and / or interpreted), one or more processors, UE 120, and / or network node 110 may be caused to execute or direct the actions of, for example, process 800 in Figure 8, process 900 in Figure 9, and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing an instruction may include, among other examples, running the instruction, translating the instruction, compiling the instruction, and / or interpreting the instruction.

[0050] In some embodiments, a network node (e.g., network node 110) includes means for transmitting a first FMCW-based CSI-RS and / or means for transmitting a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel based at least partially on one or more of the first or second OCCs. Means for a network node to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of a communications manager 150, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, a modem 232, an antenna 234, a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, or a scheduler 246.

[0051] In some embodiments, the UE (e.g., UE120) includes means for receiving a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, the first FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first or second OCCs. The means by which the UE performs the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: a communications manager 140, an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receiving processor 258, a transmitting processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, or a memory 282.

[0052] In some embodiments, individual processors may perform all functions described as being performed by one or more processors. In some embodiments, one or more processors may collectively perform a set of functions. For example, a first set of processors (one or more) among the one or more processors may perform a first function described as being performed by one or more processors, and a second set of processors (one or more) among the one or more processors may perform a second function described as being performed by one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or different sets of processors. It should be understood that the reference to “one or more processors” refers to any one or more of the processors described in relation to Figure 2. It should be understood that the reference to “one or more memory” refers to any one or more memory in the corresponding device, such as the memory described in relation to Figure 2. For example, a function described as being performed by one or more memory may be performed by the same subset of one or more memory, or by different subsets of one or more memory.

[0053] Although the blocks in Figure 2 are shown as individual components, the functions described above with respect to these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination of components, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0054] As stated above, Figure 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those described in relation to Figure 2.

[0055] The deployment of communication systems such as 5G NR systems can be arranged in multiple ways using various components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, RAN nodes, core network nodes, network elements, base stations, or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated or unaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (e.g., among other examples, Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base station, 5G NB, access point (AP), TRP, or cell), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or an unaggregated base station. "Network entity" or "network node" may refer to an unaggregated base station, or to one or more units of an unaggregated base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof).

[0056] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A non-aggregated base station (e.g., a non-aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU or, alternatively, geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), among other examples.

[0057] The operation or network design of a base station type may take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functions. For example, by utilizing non-aggregated base stations in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN, such as a network configuration supported by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network, or C-RAN), the scaling of the communication system can be facilitated by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed individually. A non-aggregated base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually in at least one unit, thereby enabling flexibility in network design. Various units of a non-aggregated base station can be configured to communicate with at least one other unit of the non-aggregated base station via wired or wireless communication.

[0058] Figure 3 shows an exemplary non-aggregated base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. The non-aggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with the core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more non-aggregated control units (e.g., a quasi-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DU 330 via separate midhaul links, for example, via an F1 interface. Each DU 330 may communicate with one or more RU 340 via separate fronthaul links. Each RU 340 may communicate with one or more UE 120 via its respective radio frequency (RF) access link. In some implementations, the UE 120 may be serviced simultaneously by multiple RU 340s.

[0059] Each of the units, including CU310, DU330, RU340, and the quasi-RT RIC325, non-RT RIC315, and SMO framework 305, may include, or be coupled to, one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmitting medium. A related processor or controller providing instructions to each of the units, or to one or more communication interfaces of individual units, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmitting medium. In some embodiments, each of the units may include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals via a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units, and a wireless interface which may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive or transmit or receive signals via a wireless transmitting medium to one or more of the other units.

[0060] In some embodiments, the CU310 may host one or more higher-layer control functions. Such control functions include, among other examples, radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP). Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU310. The CU310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP) functionality), control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP) functionality), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU310 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface such as the E1 interface. The CU310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU330 as needed for network control and signaling.

[0061] Each DU330 may correspond to a logic unit containing one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU340s. In some embodiments, the DU330 can host one or more of the radio link control (RLC) layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more upper physical (PHY) layers, at least in part according to a functional partition such as a functional partition as defined by 3GPP®. In some embodiments, one or more upper PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) coding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, among other examples. In some embodiments, the DU330 can further host one or more lower-level PHY layers, such as those implemented by one or more modules for fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. Each layer (sometimes referred to as a module) can be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU330, or with control functions hosted by the CU310.

[0062] Each RU340 can perform lower-layer functionality. In some deployments, a RU340 controlled by a DU330 may correspond to a logical node hosting RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as performing FFT, iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, based on functional partitioning (e.g., functional partitioning as defined by 3GPP®), among other examples. In such architectures, each RU340 can operate to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UE120s. In some implementations, the real-time and non-real-time modes of control plane communication and user plane communication with the RU340(s) can be controlled by the corresponding DU330. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable each DU330 and CU310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0063] The SMO framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as the open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform lifecycle management of the network element (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, the CU310, DU330, RU340, non-RT RIC315, and quasi-RT RIC325. In some implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate with hardware embodiments of the 4G RAN, such as the open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with each of one or more RU340s via a separate O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0064] Non-RT RIC315 may be configured to include logical functions that enable policy-based guidance for non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or applications / functions in quasi-RT RIC325. Non-RT RIC315 may be coupled to or communicate with quasi-RT RIC325 (via the A1 interface, for example). Quasi-RT RIC325 may be configured to include logical functions that enable quasi-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data acquisition and action via an interface connecting one or more CU310s, one or more DU330s, or both, and an O-eNB to the quasi-RT RIC325 (via the E2 interface, for example).

[0065] In some implementations, the non-RT RIC315 may receive parameter or external enrichment information from an external server to generate an AI / ML model that will be deployed in the quasi-RT RIC325. Such information may be utilized by the quasi-RT RIC325 and may be received in the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC315 from a non-network data source or from a network function. In some examples, the non-RT RIC315 or quasi-RT RIC325 may be configured to tune the behavior or performance of the RAN. For example, the non-RT RIC315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ an AI / ML model to take corrective action through the SMO framework 305 (e.g., reconfiguration via the O1 interface) or by creating a RAN management policy (e.g., an A1 interface policy).

[0066] As stated above, Figure 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those described in relation to Figure 3.

[0067] FMCW waveform

[0068]

number

[0069]

number

[0070] Figure 4 shows an example 400 of an FMCW waveform in a receiver according to this disclosure.

[0071] As indicated by reference number 402, a broadband signal may be received in a receiver. The broadband signal may be associated with an FMCW waveform. The broadband signal is:

[0072]

number

[0073]

number

[0074] [[Math]] which can be represented by.

[0075] The mixer can generate mixed a mixed signal that can be represented by (t). As indicated by reference numeral 406, the mixed signal may be provided to a low pass filter (LPF), and the low pass filter outputs y mixed,LPF can generate a low-pass filtered mixed signal represented by (t). The low-pass filtered mixed signal may be a narrowband beat signal. As indicated by reference numeral 408, the narrowband beat signal may be sampled by a low-rate ADC, and the low-rate ADC outputs the resulting signal (D Rx (k)). FMCW waveforms may enable a relatively low ADC sampling rate at a receiver, which may be based at least in part on the narrow bandwidth characteristic of the mixed signal (e.g., beat signal) via analog processing.

[0076] FMCW waveforms can equally be used for channel sounding (e.g., downlink CSI-RS) for OFDM systems, which may be based at least in part on per-tap (per-path) sounding error correction.

[0077] The mixed signal is:

[0078] [[Math]] which can be represented by.

[0079] The mixed signal may then be sampled at t=k·T sample , where T sample is a sampling parameter,

[0080] [[Math]] This can be associated with channel estimation errors across OFDM. In the case of OFDM, the estimated channel is

[0081]

number

[0082] S·T sample =f subband Based on this, equation (1) is an additional coefficient

[0083]

number

[0084]

number

[0085] As shown by reference numeral 410, the FMCW waveform can be defined with respect to time and amplitude. As shown by reference numeral 412, the carrier frequency (f) associated with the FMCW waveform is... c) can be a function of time and frequency and can be associated with the slope (S).

[0086] As stated above, Figure 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those described in relation to Figure 4.

[0087] Figure 5 shows an example of a quadrature FMCW waveform 500 according to this disclosure.

[0088] As shown in Figure 5, the orthogonal FMCW waveform can be considered to realize a multi-port reference signal for MIMO channel estimation. The orthogonal FMCW waveform can be used for MIMO channel sounding. The orthogonal FMCW waveform can be at least partially based on a time division multiplexing (TDM) approach. The transmit power per port can be reduced to 1 / P, where P represents the total number of ports. The orthogonal FMCW waveform can be at least partially based on a time orthogonal cover code (OCC) approach. All P ports can persist for a P chirp duration (hence higher transmit power), and orthogonality can be ensured by OCC. OCC is for codes p=0,...,P-1,

[0089]

number

[0090] As stated above, Figure 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those described with respect to Figure 5.

[0091] For MIMO channel sounding within OFDM communication systems, FMCW-based CSI-RS may need to be multiplexed with other signals / channels to achieve higher spectral efficiency. Multiplexing of FMCW-based CSI-RS and OFDM may also need to be considered. As seen in radar systems, when the duration (T) of a single chirp is designed to be the same as the duration of an OFDM symbol, then the duration of L symbols can only support L-port CSI-RS. As a result, other OFDM signals / channels cannot be multiplexed on these L symbols in an orthogonal manner, which can reduce spectral efficiency and degrade overall system performance.

[0092] In various aspects of the technology and apparatus described herein, a network node may transmit a first FMCW-based CSI-RS to a UE. A network node may transmit a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal / channel to a UE or to another UE. The first FMCW-based CSI-RS may be multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal / channel based at least partially on a first OCC and / or a second OCC. The first OCC may be a time OCC within an OFDM symbol. The first OCC may be based at least partially on a DFT code. The DFT code may be associated with a code index. The corresponding frequency resource occupancy may be based at least partially on a code index. The second OCC may be applied to the FMCW-based CSI-RS on the first OCC. The second OCC may be within an OFDM symbol. For a second OCC, multiple indices of the first OCC within an OFDM symbol (e.g., the number of M, where M>1) can be associated with an orthogonal code. For example, M consecutive indices of the first OCC within an OFDM symbol can be associated with an orthogonal code. M=2 is a typical example. The second OCC may span OFDM symbols. For a second OCC spanning OFDM symbols, the total number of symbols (L) can be associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer. The second OCC can be associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS.

[0093] In some embodiments, orthogonal CSI-RS can be achieved using FMCW at least partially based on OCC. Two levels of OCC can be achieved. The first level of OCC may be time-domain OCC, which may be derived from a DFT code for orthogonal multiplexing of multiple CSI-RS ports (or with other signals / channels) on the same frequency resource within an OFDM symbol. The second level of OCC may be time-domain OCC across multiple OFDM symbols.

[0094] In some embodiments, FMCW-based CSI-RS can be multiplexed with other OFDM signals / channels to achieve relatively high spectral efficiency by implementing a first OCC and / or a second OCC for MIMO channel sounding within an OFDM communication system. The other OFDM signals / channels can be multiplexed on the symbol duration in an orthogonal manner, which can improve spectral efficiency and overall system performance.

[0095] Figure 6 shows an example 600 associated with OCC for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6, example 600 includes communication between a network node (e.g., network node 110) and one or more UEs (e.g., UE 120). In some embodiments, the network node and one or more UEs may be located within a wireless network, such as wireless network 100.

[0096] As indicated by reference numeral 602, a network node may transmit a first FMCW-based CSI-RS to the UE. The first FMCW-based CSI-RS may be transmitted using an FMCW waveform. The FMCW waveform may be associated with a linear increase in frequency over a period of time. The FMCW waveform may be used for channel sounding, such as downlink CSI-RS.

[0097] As indicated by reference numeral 604, a network node may transmit a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal / channel to or from another UE. The first FMCW-based CSI-RS may be multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal / channel based at least partially on the first OCC and / or the second OCC. The first OCC may be a time OCC within an OFDM symbol. The first OCC may be based at least partially on a DFT code. The DFT code may be associated with a code index. The corresponding frequency resource occupation may be based at least partially on a code index. An OFDM-based physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be rate-matched around the corresponding resource associated with a code index. The second OCC may be within an OFDM symbol. In the case of a second OCC, multiple indices of the first OCC within an OFDM symbol may be associated with an orthogonal code. The second OCC may span OFDM symbols. In the case of a second OCC spanning OFDM symbols, the total number of symbols (L) may be associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer. The second OCC may be associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS. Furthermore, the first and / or second OCC may be applicable to single-port CSI-RS for tracking or beam management, single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, and / or multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS.

[0098] In some embodiments, OCC may be used for FMCW waveforms to achieve orthogonal CSI-RS. The OCC may be associated with a first OCC and / or a second OCC. The first OCC may be associated with a time OCC within an OFDM symbol. The first OCC may be for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing with an OFDM signal / channel and / or for multiplexing different FMCW-based CSI-RS. The first OCC may be derived from a DFT code for orthogonal multiplexing of multiple CSI-RS ports (or with other signals / channels) on the same frequency resource within an OFDM symbol. The first OCC may be obtained at least in part based on a DFT code (e.g., a DFT code of length M over the duration of one OFDM symbol), where the code index (e.g., m=0,1,...,M-1) determines the corresponding frequency resource occupation. In other words, the corresponding frequency resource occupation may be at least in part based on the code index. For example, index m may correspond to the frequency resource of the m-th comb offset of an OFDM comb M frequency pattern (e.g., the m-th resource element (RE) from RE#0 in each frequency unit of size M REs).

[0099] In some embodiments, the second OCC may be within and / or span across OFDM symbols. A second OCC within an OFDM symbol may be associated with the frequency domain. A second OCC spanning across OFDM symbols may be associated with the time domain. A second OCC may be associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS. A second OCC may be a time-domain OCC spanning multiple OFDM symbols. In some embodiments, for a second OCC within an OFDM symbol, multiple indices of the first level code (e.g., K=2 consecutive: m, m+1) may be associated with orthogonal codes (e.g., two codes m and m+1 on the first level code, and for a 2-port CSI-RS:

[0011] for port #0 and [1 -1] for port #1). In some embodiments, for a second OCC spanning multiple OFDM symbols, where the total number of symbols is represented as L, an orthogonal code of length L may be formed. An orthogonal code of length L may include a Hadamard code of length 2 (the same as a DFT code of length 2), a Hadamard code of length 4, or a Hadamard code of length 8. A second OCC within and / or across OFDM symbols may be at least partially based on a Hadamard code (e.g., applicable only to K or L = 2, 4, 8, ...). A second OCC within and / or across OFDM symbols does not have to exclude DFT codes (applicable to any value of K or L).

[0100] For example, in the case of a 16-port FMCW-based CSI-RS, the second OCC unit may have K=2 (2 indices) and L=2 (2 symbols). In this example, four units of the second OCC may be required for the 16-port FMCW-based CSI-RS, and a starting location may be defined for each of the four units.

[0101] In some embodiments, the OCC may be used in the FMCW waveform to achieve orthogonal CSI-RS. The OCC may be associated with a first OCC and / or a second OCC. The second OCC may be within and / or across the OFDM symbol. In some embodiments, the first OCC may be applied as a standalone OCC without a second OCC. For example, for a single-port CSI-RS for tracking (e.g., a tracking reference signal, TRS) or beam management, the first OCC may be applied, and the second OCC may not be applied. As another example, for a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, the first OCC may be applied, and the second OCC may not be applied. In some embodiments, a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS may be associated with a first and second OCC within the OFDM symbol. In some embodiments, a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS may be associated with a first and second OCC across the OFDM symbol. In this case, even if there are consecutive symbols (e.g., m and m+1), the second OCC within the OFDM symbol does not need to be applied. In some embodiments, a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS may be associated with a first OCC, a second OCC within the OFDM symbol, and a second OCC spanning OFDM symbols.

[0102] As stated above, Figure 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those described with respect to Figure 6.

[0103] Figure 7 shows an example 700 associated with OCC for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing according to this disclosure.

[0104] As shown in Figure 7, OFDM symbols can be associated with FMCW-based CSI-RS and OFDM signals / channels. FMCW-based CSI-RS can be multiplexed with OFDM signals / channels at least partially based on a first OCC, where the first OCC may correspond to a time OCC within the OFDM symbol. In this example, M=12, and each M RE unit is one resource block (RB). Furthermore, the time OCC index m is

[0105]

number

[0106] In this example, the first OCC is obtained at least partially based on a DFT code of length 12, where the code index (e.g., m=0,1,...,11) determines the corresponding frequency resource occupation. For example, index 4 may correspond to the frequency resource of the fourth comb offset of the OFDM comb 12 frequency pattern (e.g., RE#0 to 4th RE within each frequency unit of the size of 12 REs).

[0107] As stated above, Figure 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those described with respect to Figure 7.

[0108] Figure 8 shows an exemplary process 800 performed by, for example, a network node or a device of a network node, according to the present disclosure. The exemplary process 800 is an example in which a device or network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with OCC for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing.

[0109] As shown in Figure 8, in some embodiments, process 800 may include transmitting a first FMCW-based CSI-RS (block 810). For example, as described above, a network node may transmit a first FMCW-based CSI-RS (for example, using the transmission component 1004 and / or communication manager 1006 shown in Figure 10).

[0110] As further shown in Figure 8, in some embodiments, process 800 may include transmitting a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, the second FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first or second OCCs (block 820). For example, a network node (using, for example, the transmitting component 1004 and / or the communication manager 1006 shown in Figure 10) can transmit a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel which the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel based at least partially on one or more of the first or second OCCs, as described above.

[0111] Process 800 may include additional embodiments, such as any single embodiment or any combination of embodiments, described below and / or in relation to one or more other processes described elsewhere in this specification.

[0112] In the first embodiment, the first OCC is the time OCC within the OFDM symbol.

[0113] In the second embodiment, either alone or in combination with the first embodiment, the first OCC is at least partially based on a DFT code, the DFT code is associated with a code index, and the corresponding frequency resource occupancy is at least partially based on the code index.

[0114] In the third embodiment, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second embodiments, the OFDM-based PDSCH rate-matches around the corresponding resources associated with the code index.

[0115] In the fourth aspect, the second OCC is located within the OFDM symbol, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects.

[0116] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, for the second OCC, multiple indices of the first OCC within the OFDM symbol are associated with orthogonal codes.

[0117] In the sixth aspect, the second OCC spans OFDM symbols, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects.

[0118] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, for a second OCC, the total number of symbols (L) is associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer.

[0119] In the eighth aspect, the second OCC is associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects.

[0120] In the ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, one or more of the first OCC or the second OCC can be applied to one or more of a single-port CSI-RS, a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, or a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS for tracking or beam management.

[0121] Figure 8 shows an exemplary block of process 800, but in some embodiments, process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks in a different arrangement than shown in Figure 8. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 800 may be executed in parallel.

[0122] Figure 9 shows an exemplary process 900 performed, for example, in a UE or a device of a UE, according to the present disclosure. The exemplary process 900 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE120) performs operations associated with OCC for FMCW-based CSI-RS multiplexing.

[0123] As shown in Figure 9, in some embodiments, process 900 may include receiving a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, the first FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel based at least partially on one or more of the first or second OCCs (block 910). For example, a UE (using, for example, the receiving component 1102 and / or the communications manager 1106 shown in Figure 11) may receive a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, the first FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel based at least partially on one or more of the first or second OCCs, as described above. In some embodiments, the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first or second OCCs.

[0124] Process 900 may include additional embodiments, such as any single embodiment or any combination of embodiments, described below and / or in relation to one or more other processes described elsewhere in this specification.

[0125] In the first embodiment, the first OCC is the time OCC within the OFDM symbol.

[0126] In the second embodiment, either alone or in combination with the first embodiment, the first OCC is at least partially based on a DFT code, the DFT code is associated with a code index, and the corresponding frequency resource occupancy is at least partially based on the code index.

[0127] In the third embodiment, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second embodiments, the OFDM-based PDSCH rate-matches around the corresponding resources associated with the code index.

[0128] In the fourth aspect, the second OCC is located within the OFDM symbol, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects.

[0129] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the indices of the first OCCs within the OFDM symbol are associated with the orthogonal codes for the second OCC.

[0130] In the sixth aspect, the second OCC spans OFDM symbols, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects.

[0131] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, for a second OCC, the total number of symbols (L) is associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer.

[0132] In the eighth aspect, the second OCC is associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects.

[0133] In the ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, one or more of the first OCC or the second OCC can be applied to one or more of a single-port CSI-RS, a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, or a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS for tracking or beam management.

[0134] Figure 9 shows an exemplary block of process 900, but in some embodiments, process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks configured differently from those shown in Figure 9. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 900 may be executed in parallel.

[0135] Figure 10 is a diagram of an exemplary apparatus 1000 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. The apparatus 1000 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 1000. In some embodiments, the apparatus 1000 includes a receiving component 1002, a transmitting component 1004, and / or a communications manager 1006 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some embodiments, the communications manager 1006 is the communications manager 150 described in relation to Figure 1. As shown, the apparatus 1000 may use the receiving component 1002 and the transmitting component 1004 to communicate with another apparatus 1008, such as a UE or a network node (CU, DU, RU, or base station, etc.).

[0136] In some embodiments, the device 1000 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in relation to Figures 6-7. Additionally or alternatively, the device 1000 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 800 in Figure 8. In some embodiments, the device 1000 and / or one or more components shown in Figure 10 may include one or more components of a network node described in relation to Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components shown in Figure 10 may be implemented within one or more components described in relation to Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of a set of components may be implemented as software stored in at least part in one or more memories. For example, a component (or part of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-temporary computer-readable medium, which can be executed by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0137] The receiving component 1002 may receive communications from the device 1008, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof. The receiving component 1002 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 1000. In some embodiments, the receiving component 1002 may perform signal processing on the received communications (in particular, filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) and provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 1000. In some embodiments, the receiving component 1002 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiving processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network nodes described in relation to Figure 2. In some embodiments, the receiving component 1002 and / or the transmitting component 1004 may include or be contained within a network interface. The network interface may be configured to acquire and / or output signals for the device 1000 via one or more communication links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.

[0138] The transmitting component 1004 can transmit communications such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof to the device 1008. In some embodiments, one or more other components of the device 1000 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 1004 for transmission to the device 1008. In some embodiments, the transmitting component 1004 can perform signal processing (among other examples, filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or coding) on ​​the generated communications and transmit the processed signals to the device 1008. In some embodiments, the transmitting component 1004 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network nodes described in relation to Figure 2. In some embodiments, the transmitting component 1004 may be co-located with the receiving component 1002 in one or more transceivers.

[0139] The communication manager 1006 may support the operation of the receiving component 1002 and / or the transmitting component 1004. For example, the communication manager 1006 may receive information associated with configuring the receiving component 1002 to receive communications and / or the transmitting component 1004 to transmit communications. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1006 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1002 and / or the transmitting component 1004 in order to control the receiving and / or transmitting communications.

[0140] The transmitting component 1004 may transmit a first FMCW-based CSI-RS. The transmitting component 1004 may transmit a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel based at least partially on one or more of the first or second OCCs.

[0141] The number and arrangement of components shown in Figure 10 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components in a different arrangement than those shown in Figure 10. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 10 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 10 may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, the set of components (one or more) shown in Figure 10 may perform one or more functions that are described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 10.

[0142] Figure 11 is a diagram of an exemplary apparatus 1100 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. The apparatus 1100 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1100. In some embodiments, the apparatus 1100 includes a receiving component 1102, a transmitting component 1104, and / or a communications manager 1106, which may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some embodiments, the communications manager 1106 is the communications manager 140 described in relation to Figure 1. As shown, the apparatus 1100 may use the receiving component 1102 and the transmitting component 1104 to communicate with a UE or another apparatus 1108, such as a network node (CU, DU, RU, or base station).

[0143] In some embodiments, the device 1100 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in relation to Figures 6-7. Additionally or alternatively, the device 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 in Figure 9. In some embodiments, the device 1100 and / or one or more components shown in Figure 11 may include one or more components of the UE described in relation to Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components shown in Figure 11 may be implemented within one or more components described in relation to Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of a set of components may be implemented as software stored in at least part in one or more memories. For example, a component (or part of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-temporary computer-readable medium, which can be executed by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0144] The receiving component 1102 may receive communications from the device 1108, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof. The receiving component 1102 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 1100. In some embodiments, the receiving component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications (in particular, filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) and provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 1100. In some embodiments, the receiving component 1102 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiving processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE as described in relation to Figure 2.

[0145] The transmitting component 1104 may transmit communications such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof to the device 1108. In some embodiments, one or more other components of the device 1100 may generate communications and provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 1104 for transmission to the device 1108. In some embodiments, the transmitting component 1104 may perform signal processing (among other examples, filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or coding) on ​​the generated communications and transmit the processed signals to the device 1108. In some embodiments, the transmitting component 1104 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof of the UE as described in relation to Figure 2. In some embodiments, the transmitting component 1104 may be co-located with the receiving component 1102 in one or more transceivers.

[0146] The communication manager 1106 may support the operation of the receiving component 1102 and / or the transmitting component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 may receive information associated with configuring the receiving component 1102 to receive communications and / or the transmitting component 1104 to transmit communications. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1102 and / or the transmitting component 1104 in order to control the receiving and / or transmitting of communications.

[0147] The receiving component 1102 is a first FMCW-based CSI-RS, which is multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel at least partially based on one or more of the first OCC or second OCCs, and is capable of receiving the first FMCW-based CSI-RS.

[0148] The number and arrangement of components shown in Figure 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components in a different arrangement than those shown in Figure 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 11 may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, the set of components (one or more) shown in Figure 11 may perform one or more functions that are described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 11.

[0149] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure.

[0150] Embodiment 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: the network node transmitting a first frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS); and the network node transmitting a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel at least partially based on one or more of the first orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) or second OCCs.

[0151] Embodiment 2: The method according to Embodiment 1, wherein the first OCC is the time OCC within the OFDM symbol.

[0152] Embodiment 3: The method according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first OCC is at least partially based on a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) code, the DFT code is associated with a code index, and the corresponding frequency resource occupation is at least partially based on the code index.

[0153] Embodiment 4: The method according to Embodiment 3, wherein an OFDM-based physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) rate-matches around the corresponding resource associated with a code index.

[0154] Embodiment 5: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the second OCC is located within the OFDM symbol.

[0155] Embodiment 6: The method of Embodiment 5, wherein, for a second OCC, multiple indices of the first OCC within the OFDM symbol are associated with orthogonal codes.

[0156] Embodiment 7: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the second OCC spans OFDM symbols.

[0157] Embodiment 8: The method according to Embodiment 7, wherein the total number of symbols (L) for a second OCC is associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer.

[0158] Embodiment 9: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the second OCC is associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS.

[0159] Embodiment 10: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 9, wherein one or more of the first OCC or the second OCC is applicable to one or more of a single-port CSI-RS, a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, or a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS for tracking or beam management.

[0160] Embodiment 11: A method of wireless communication performed by a user device (UE), the method comprising the UE receiving a first frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW)-based channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), the first FMCW-based CSI-RS being multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of a first orthogonal cover code (OCC) or a second OCC.

[0161] Embodiment 12: The method according to Embodiment 11, wherein the first OCC is the time OCC within the OFDM symbol.

[0162] Embodiment 13: The method according to Embodiment 11 or 12, wherein the first OCC is at least partially based on a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) code, the DFT code is associated with a code index, and the corresponding frequency resource occupation is at least partially based on the code index.

[0163] Embodiment 14: The method according to Embodiment 13, wherein an OFDM-based physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) rate-matches around the corresponding resource associated with a code index.

[0164] Embodiment 15: The method according to any one of Embodiments 11 to 14, wherein the second OCC is located within the OFDM symbol.

[0165] Embodiment 16: The method of Embodiment 15, wherein, for a second OCC, multiple indices of the first OCC within the OFDM symbol are associated with orthogonal codes.

[0166] Embodiment 17: The method according to any one of Embodiments 11 to 16, wherein the second OCC spans OFDM symbols.

[0167] Embodiment 18: The method according to Embodiment 17, wherein for a second OCC, the total number of symbols (L) is associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer.

[0168] Embodiment 19: The method according to any one of embodiments 11 to 18, wherein the second OCC is associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS.

[0169] Embodiment 20: The method according to any one of embodiments 11 to 19, wherein one or more of the first OCC or the second OCC is applicable to one or more of a single-port CSI-RS, a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, or a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS for tracking or beam management.

[0170] Embodiment 21: A device for wireless communication in a device, the device comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to one or more processors; and instructions stored in one or more memories, which are executable by one or more processors to cause the device to perform one or more of the methods of Embodiments 1 to 10.

[0171] Embodiment 22: A device for wireless communication in a device, the device comprising one or more memories, and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the device to perform one or more of the methods of Embodiments 1 to 10.

[0172] Embodiment 23: A device for wireless communication, wherein the device comprises at least one means for performing one or more methods of Embodiments 1 to 10.

[0173] Embodiment 24: A non-temporary computer-readable medium storing a code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions that can be executed by one or more processors to perform one or more of the methods of Embodiments 1 to 10.

[0174] Embodiment 25: A non-temporary computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, wherein the set of instructions includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods of Embodiments 1 to 10.

[0175] Embodiment 26: A device for wireless communication, comprising a processing system including one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with one or more processors, wherein the processing system is configured to cause the device to perform one or more methods of Embodiments 1 to 10.

[0176] Embodiment 27: A device for wireless communication in a device, the device comprising one or more memories, and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured individually or collectively to cause the device to perform one or more methods of Embodiments 1 to 10.

[0177] Embodiment 28: A device for wireless communication in a device, the device comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to one or more processors; and instructions stored in one or more memories, which are executable by one or more processors to cause the device to perform one or more of the methods of Embodiments 11 to 20.

[0178] Embodiment 29: A device for wireless communication in a device, the device comprising one or more memories, and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the device to perform one or more methods of Embodiments 1 to 20.

[0179] Embodiment 30: A device for wireless communication, wherein the device comprises at least one means for performing one or more methods from Embodiments 1 to 20.

[0180] Embodiment 31: A non-temporary computer-readable medium storing a code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions that can be executed by one or more processors to perform one or more of the methods of Embodiments 1 to 20.

[0181] Embodiment 32: A non-temporary computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods of Embodiments 1 to 20.

[0182] Embodiment 33: A device for wireless communication, comprising a processing system including one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with one or more processors, wherein the processing system is configured to cause the device to perform one or more methods of Embodiments 1 to 20.

[0183] Embodiment 34: An apparatus for wireless communication in a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; one or more processors coupled to one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured individually or collectively to cause the device to perform one or more methods of Embodiments 1 to 20.

[0184] The foregoing disclosures are for illustrative and illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the forms to those disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the foregoing disclosures or obtained from the practice of the forms.

[0185] Where used herein, the term “Components” is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware and / or combinations of hardware and software. “Software” is intended to be interpreted broadly as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, and / or functions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other names, among many other examples. Where used herein, “Processor” is implemented in hardware and / or combinations of hardware and software. It will become clear that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms of hardware and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limited to these embodiments. Therefore, as those skilled in the art will understand, software and hardware can be designed to perform the system and / or method based at least in part on the description herein; the operation and behavior of the system and / or method are described herein without reference to specific software code.

[0186] Hardware and data processing devices used to implement the various exemplary logics, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or realized using general-purpose single-chip or multi-chip processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. General-purpose processors can be microprocessors, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Processors may also be implemented as combinations of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some embodiments, specific processes and methods may be implemented by circuit configurations specific to a given function.

[0187] As used herein, “meeting the threshold” may mean, depending on the context, that a value is greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold.

[0188] Even if certain combinations of features are enumerated in the claims and / or disclosed herein, those combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various embodiments. Many of these features can be combined in ways not specifically enumerated in the claims and / or disclosed herein. The disclosure of various embodiments includes each dependent claim in combination with any other claim in the set of claims. Where used herein, the phrase "at least one of" the list of items refers to any combination of those items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to encompass a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination having multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other sequence of a, b, and c).

[0189] None of the elements, actions, or commands used herein should be construed as essential or mandatory unless expressly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Additionally, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items with respect to the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” When only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar words should be used. Also, as used herein, terms such as “has,” “have,” and “having” are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (for example, an element that “has” A may also have B). Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "at least partially based on." Also, as used herein, the term "or" is intended to be inclusive when used in a series, and may be used interchangeably with "and / or" unless otherwise specified (for example, when used in combination with "either" or "only one of").

Claims

1. A device for wireless communication at a network node, One or more memory devices, One or more processors, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively, and at least partially based on information stored in the one or more memories, Transmitting a first frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), One or more processors configured to transmit a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or the OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) or the second OCCs, A device equipped with the following features.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first OCC is the time OCC in the OFDM symbol.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first OCC is at least partially based on a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) code, the DFT code is associated with a code index, and the corresponding frequency resource occupation is at least partially based on the code index.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein an OFDM-based physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) rate-matches around the corresponding resource associated with the code index.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second OCC is located within the OFDM symbol.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, with respect to the second OCC, a plurality of indices of the first OCC within the OFDM symbol are associated with orthogonal codes.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second OCC spans OFDM symbols.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the total number of symbols (L) of the second OCC is associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second OCC is associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the first OCC or the second OCC are applicable to one or more of a single-port CSI-RS, a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, or a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS for tracking or beam management.

11. A device for wireless communication in user equipment (UE), One or more memory devices, One or more processors, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively, and at least partially based on information stored in the one or more memories, The system comprises one or more processors configured to receive a first frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), An apparatus in which the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) or the second OCCs.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the first OCC is the time OCC in the OFDM symbol.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the first OCC is at least partially based on a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) code, the DFT code is associated with a code index, and the corresponding frequency resource occupation is at least partially based on the code index.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein an OFDM-based physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) rate-matches around the corresponding resource associated with the code index.

15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the second OCC is located within the OFDM symbol.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, with respect to the second OCC, a plurality of indices of the first OCC within the OFDM symbol are associated with orthogonal codes.

17. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the second OCC spans OFDM symbols.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the total number of symbols (L) of the second OCC is associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer.

19. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the second OCC is associated with the multiplexing of different ports within a single FMCW-based CSI-RS.

20. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein one or more of the first OCC or the second OCC are applicable to one or more of a single-port CSI-RS, a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, or a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS for tracking or beam management.

21. A method of wireless communication carried out by network nodes, The network node transmits a first frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), The network node transmits a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal or channel, wherein the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with the second FMCW-based CSI-RS or OFDM signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) or the second OCCs. Methods that include...

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the first OCC is a time OCC in an OFDM symbol, the first OCC is at least partially based on a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) code, the DFT code is associated with a code index, and the corresponding frequency resource occupation is at least partially based on the code index.

23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the second OCC is located within an OFDM symbol, and with respect to the second OCC, a plurality of indices of the first OCC within the OFDM symbol are associated with orthogonal codes.

24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the second OCC spans OFDM symbols, and for the second OCC, the total number of symbols (L) is associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer.

25. The method according to claim 21, wherein one or more of the first OCC or the second OCC are applicable to one or more of a single-port CSI-RS, a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, or a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS for tracking or beam management.

26. A method of wireless communication performed by user equipment (UE), The UE includes receiving a first frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), A method in which the first FMCW-based CSI-RS is multiplexed with a second FMCW-based CSI-RS or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal or channel, at least partially based on one or more of the first orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) or the second OCCs.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the first OCC is a time OCC in an OFDM symbol, the first OCC is at least partially based on a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) code, the DFT code is associated with a code index, and the corresponding frequency resource occupation is at least partially based on the code index.

28. The method according to claim 26, wherein the second OCC is located within an OFDM symbol, and with respect to the second OCC, a plurality of indices of the first OCC within the OFDM symbol are associated with orthogonal codes.

29. The method according to claim 26, wherein the second OCC spans OFDM symbols, and for the second OCC, the total number of symbols (L) is associated with an orthogonal code of length L, where L is a positive integer.

30. The method according to claim 26, wherein one or more of the first OCC or the second OCC are applicable to one or more of a single-port CSI-RS, a single-symbol multi-port CSI-RS, or a multi-symbol multi-port CSI-RS for tracking or beam management.

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