Earthquake-resistant structure.

Abstract

An earthquake-resistant structure applicable to the construction field, comprising: a groove-filled foundation (1) having a base (11) and side walls (12); a building formwork slab (2) having floating slabs (21) and side walls (22) spaced apart from the base (11) and side walls (12) of the foundation (1); a damping device (3) disposed between the foundation (1) and the formwork slab (2); a helical spring (31) supporting the floating slab (21) of the formwork slab by a lifting mechanism (32) of the floating slab (21); and a device (4) for restricting the horizontal movement of the formwork slab (2), comprising an elastic element (41) fixed to the foundation (1) and disposed around a column (2) housed in a hole in the floating slab (21) of the formwork slab.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an earthquake-resistant structure applicable to the construction field, comprising: a trench fill foundation having a base and side walls; a form slab (of a building) comprising a reinforced concrete floating slab and side walls arranged at intervals from the base and the side walls of the foundation respectively; and a damping device arranged between the foundation and the form slab of the building, wherein the damping device comprises a vertically oriented helical spring, on the upper portion of which the floating slab of the form slab is supported by a lifting mechanism for the floating slab.

[0002] The earthquake-resistant structure of the present invention comprises a device for limiting horizontal movement of the form slab relative to the foundation, and optionally, in combination with the limiting device, a second element for damping said horizontal movement. [Background Art]

[0003] As prior art, mention is made of European Patent EP 2 202 367 by the same applicant as the present invention. This patent describes an apparatus for arranging a reinforced concrete floating slab, which apparatus is incorporated into the reinforcement of the floating slab and comprises vertically oriented helical damping elements for supporting said floating slab on a foundation, and a lifting mechanism acting on the corresponding damping elements.

[0004] A variable number of said apparatuses are appropriately distributed and incorporated in the floating slab, and when each lifting mechanism is actuated, the floating slab is lifted and supported on the foundation by the damping elements.

[0005] This prior art focuses on the cubic shape of the apparatus incorporated into the form slab, and the arrangement of horizontal tubes suitable for introducing fixing rods to the reinforcement of the floating slab on the side surfaces of the apparatus.

[0006] In the use position, that is, when the floating slab is installed and lifted, it is supported on the foundation by the helical damper.

[0007] Other devices for supporting and damping floating slabs or floors described in the aforementioned European Patent EP 2 202 367 are described in FR 2 682 412, which has a helical spring box, and DE 4012 493, which uses pneumatically actuated bellows instead of helical springs.

[0008] The use of a device incorporated into a floating slab, equipped with a damping element composed of a helical spring, intended to support the floating slab and keep it perpendicularly separated from the foundation, has limited damping capacity for seismic motion having both horizontal and vertical force components. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] EP 2 202367 [Patent Document 2] FR 2 682412 [Patent Document 3] DE 4 012493 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0010] The seismic-resistant structure, which is the object of the present invention, is applicable to the construction and building fields and has technical features that substantially improve the damping of seismic motion and the behavior of the structure in response to said seismic motion. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] This seismic-resistant structure is of the type described in the premise of the main claim, and comprises a trench-filled foundation (or trench-filled foundation) having a base and side walls, a building formwork slab having a floating slab made of reinforced concrete and side walls positioned at intervals from the base and side walls of the foundation, and a damping device for seismic forces positioned between the foundation and the building formwork slab, wherein the damping device comprises a vertically oriented helical spring, on which the floating slab of the formwork slab is supported by a lifting mechanism for the floating slab.

[0012] This earthquake-resistant structure combines the aforementioned support and vertical damping elements for floating slabs with elements that restrict the horizontal movement of formwork slabs relative to the foundation, resulting in a synergistic effect that substantially improves the damping of seismic motion and the behavior of the structure in response to said seismic motion.

[0013] According to the present invention, a floating slab of a formwork slab is provided with vertical holes for receiving (housing) a device that restricts and dampens the horizontal movement of the formwork slab relative to the foundation, the device that restricts the horizontal movement is arranged around a column fixed to the base of the foundation and comprises an elastic element fixed to the column and facing the side wall of the corresponding vertical hole (of the formwork slab).

[0014] The elastic element may be an elastic metal cushion, a spring, a rubber pad, or something else having elastic properties.

[0015] When an earthquake occurs, the elastic elements first work in conjunction with the helical springs to absorb horizontal movement, compressing laterally against the columns fixed to the base of the foundation and limiting the possibility of horizontal movement of the formwork slab relative to the foundation.

[0016] This limitation of the amplitude of horizontal movement of the formwork slab relative to the foundation, caused by the elastic element and its supporting columns, in addition to cooperating with the helical spring in damping said movement, prevents the helical spring from being subjected to unlimited horizontal stress, becoming damaged, or allowing lateral displacement of the formwork slab, thereby preventing harm to the overall seismic structure.

[0017] In the present invention, an earthquake-resistant structure is provided so as to be capable of incorporating second elements for damping the horizontal movement of a formwork slab, and these elements are arranged between the side wall of a foundation and extensions projecting laterally from a floating slab and the side wall of the slab. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] For the purpose of complementing the current description and facilitating understanding of the characteristics of the present invention, a series of drawings is attached to the description, in which the following is shown by way of an illustrative and non-limiting example. [Figure 1] Figure 1 is an elevational view of an exemplary embodiment of the earthquake-resistant structure which is the object of the present invention, wherein the formwork slab of a building is supported on a foundation by a damping device and a device for limiting and damping horizontal movement of the formwork slab relative to the foundation. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a bottom view of the formwork slab, in which an example of the distribution of the damping device and the device for limiting and damping horizontal displacement of the formwork slab relative to the foundation can be seen. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is an enlarged view, taken along a vertical plane, of detail (A) shown in Figure 1, in which one of the devices for damping and supporting the formwork slab on the foundation can be seen. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a plan view of the damping device of Figure 3. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is an enlarged view, taken along a vertical plane, of detail (B) shown in Figure 1, in which one of the devices for limiting and damping horizontal movement of the formwork slab can be seen. This device is accommodated in vertical holes in the floating slab of the formwork slab, and in this embodiment, comprises an elastic element constituted by an elastic metal cushion fixed around a post fixed to the foundation, and in this example has an integrated body. [Figure 6] Figure 6 and Figure 7 are respectively a perspective view and a plan view of the device for limiting and damping horizontal movement of Figure 5. [Figure 7] Idem [Figure 8]Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 5, showing a modified embodiment of a device for restricting and damping horizontal movement, wherein the column comprises a lower section carrying a foundation fixing leg, and a removable upper section to which an elastic metal cushion is fixed laterally. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is an enlarged view of detail (C) shown in Figure 1, illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a second element for damping horizontal movement. These elements are arranged between the lateral extension of the formwork slab and the side wall of the foundation, as shown in Figure 1. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a plan view of the second element for damping horizontal movement in Figure 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0019] The earthquake-resistant structure shown in Figure 1 comprises a trench filling foundation (1) provided with a base portion (11) and a side wall (12), and a building formwork slab (2) provided with a floating slab (21) and a side wall (22), which are spaced apart from the base portion (11) and the side wall (12) of the foundation (1) respectively.

[0020] The earthquake-resistant structure is provided with a damping device (3) arranged between the foundation (1) and the formwork slab (2), which serves the role of supporting the weight of the entire building.

[0021] As shown in Figure 2, these damping devices (3) and the device (4) for restricting and damping horizontal movement to be described later are appropriately distributed on the surface of the floating slab (21).

[0022] In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, the damping device (3) comprises a vertically oriented helical spring (31), on the upper portion of which the floating slab (21) is supported by the lifting mechanism (32) of said floating slab (21).

[0023] The lifting mechanism (32) is attached to a metal cube (33), which is fixed to the reinforcing member (23) of the floating slab (21) before the concrete forming the floating slab (21) is poured. As a result, after the concrete hardens, the metal cube (33) is embedded in the floating slab (21), and within it, it partitions a vertical hole in which the helical spring (31) and its lifting mechanism (32) are placed.

[0024] The metal cube (33) is equipped with diagonal stoppers (34) at two opposing corners at the top, which define a gap with sufficient amplitude for inserting the helical spring (31) and the lifting mechanism (32) for the floating slab (21).

[0025] The lifting mechanism (32) for the floating slab (21) is equipped with a screw (35) for tightening a helical spring (31), the end of which is screwed into a crossbar (36) positioned below the diagonal stopper (34) by horizontal rotational motion.

[0026] By operating the lifting mechanism (32) of the damping device (3), the floating slab (21), which is supported on the base (11) of the foundation (1) by the helical spring (31), is raised and lowered.

[0027] The floating slab (21) of the formwork slab (2) further includes vertical through holes (24) that house devices (4) for limiting and damping the horizontal movement of the formwork slab (2) relative to the foundation (1).

[0028] The device (4) that restricts the horizontal movement, as shown in Figures 5 to 8, comprises in this example an elastic element (41) composed of an elastic metal cushion, which is positioned around a column (42) fixed to the base (11) of the foundation (1), fixed to the column (42) by screws, and facing the side wall of the corresponding vertical hole (24) of the floating slab (21). Preferably, as shown in the exemplary embodiment, the column is prismatic, with the elastic element (41) positioned on each of its sides.

[0029] In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the side walls of the vertical holes in the floating slab (21) are made of metal boxes (43) with open upper and lower ends, and these metal boxes are fixed to the reinforcing members (23) of the floating slab (21) before the concrete forming the floating slab (21) is poured.

[0030] This is similar to the metal cube (33) of the damping device (3), and after the concrete hardens, both the metal cube and the metal box (43), which are similarly prismatic, are embedded in the floating slab (21).

[0031] The metal cube (33) and the metal box (43) are of the same height and are fixed to the reinforcing material (23). After this, concrete is poured onto the reinforcing material (23) until it reaches the same height as the metal cube and the box.

[0032] In this way, once the concrete hardens, both the metal cube (33) and the metal box (43) are embedded and become flush with the top and bottom surfaces of the floating slab (21).

[0033] Figures 5 to 8 show one of the devices (4) that restrict horizontal movement, and the corresponding metal box (43).

[0034] The columns (42) of the device (4) for restricting horizontal movement include support legs (44) on the base (11) and anchor screws (45) to the base (1), the anchor screws being accessible through the inside of the vertical holes (24) in the floating slab (21) of the formwork slab, in the case of a metal box (43) forming the side wall of the vertical holes (24).

[0035] In the exemplary embodiments shown in Figures 5 to 7, the column (42) has a single body, and the elastic element (41) is laterally fixed by screws to a region near the upper end on each side of the column (42).

[0036] In this embodiment, assembling and tightening the anchor screws (45) of the legs (44) to the base of the foundation must be done through the space between the elastic elements (41) shown in Figure 7, which may be somewhat inconvenient due to the limited access space.

[0037] To facilitate this access, the present invention envisions a modified embodiment shown in Figure 8, in which the column (42) does not have a single body and comprises a lower section (42a) that supports a leg (44), a removable upper section (42b) to which an elastic element (41) is laterally fixed, and at least one screw or fixing element (46) of the upper section (42b) for fixing to the lower section (42a) after the anchor screws (45) of the leg (44) are fixed to the base of the foundation.

[0038] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the floating slab (21) and side wall (22) of the formwork slab (2) include an extension (25) that projects laterally from the floating slab (21) and the side wall (22) of the formwork slab (2) toward the side wall (12) of the foundation (1), and a second element (5) positioned between the side wall (12) of the foundation and the extension (25) of the formwork slab to dampen the horizontal movement of the formwork slab.

[0039] Figures 9 and 10 show exemplary embodiments of the second element (5) for damping horizontal movement, the second element (5) comprising a helical cable (51) whose coil is fixed to a parallel plate (52) by a region facing diametrically, forming contact surfaces with the side wall (12) of the foundation and the extensions (25) of the side walls (22) of the floating slab (21) and formwork slab, respectively.

[0040] In this embodiment, the second element (5) for damping horizontal movement comprises at least one elastic element (53) between parallel plates (52).

[0041] This elastic element (53) may consist of an elastic metal cushion, a rubber stopper, a spring, or any other element or material having elastic properties.

[0042] Since the nature of the present invention and preferred exemplary embodiments have been fully described, it is stated that the materials, shapes, sizes, and arrangements of the described elements are modifiable for all relevant purposes, provided that these do not result in any modification of the essential features of the present invention as claimed below. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0043] 1: Trench-filled foundation or trench-filled foundation or trench-fill foundation 1:Foundation 11: base 12: Side wall 2: Formwork slab for buildings 21: Floating slab 22: Side wall 23: Reinforcement material for floating slab (21) 23: Reinforcement material 24: Vertical holes 25: Extension part 3: Damping device 31: Vertically oriented spiral spring 31: Helical spring 32: Lifting mechanism 32: Lifting mechanism for floating slab (21) 33: Metal Cube 34: Diagonal stopper 35: Screw for tightening the spiral spring (31) 36: Yokogi 4: Devices for limiting and attenuating horizontal movement 4: Device to limit horizontal movement 41: Elastic element composed of an elastic metal cushion 41: Elastic element 42: Column fixed to the base (11) of the foundation (1) 42: Column of the device (4) for restricting horizontal movement 42: Pillar 42a: Lower section supporting the leg (44) 42b: Removable upper section to which the elastic element (41) is fixed laterally. 43: Metal box 43: Metal box with open top and bottom ends 44: Legs 44:support foot 45: Anchor screw 45: Anchor screws to the foundation (1) 46: Screws or fastening elements 5: Second element for damping the horizontal movement of the formwork slab 51: Helical cable 52: Plate 53: Elastic element

Claims

1. An earthquake-resistant structure applicable to the construction field, A trench-fill foundation (or trench-fill foundation) (1) comprising a base (11) and multiple side walls (12), A building formwork slab (2) comprising a floating slab (21) and side walls (multiple) (22) spaced apart from the base (11) and side wall (12) of the foundation (1), A seismic force damping device (multiple) (3) is placed between the foundation (1) and the formwork slab (2) of the building, Equipped with, The damping device (multiple) (3) comprises vertically oriented helical springs (multiple) (31), and at its upper part, the floating slab (21) of the formwork slab is supported by the lifting mechanism (32) of the floating slab (21). The floating slab (21) of the formwork slab is characterized by having vertical through holes (24) that house devices (multiple) (4) for limiting and damping the horizontal movement of the formwork slab (2) with respect to the foundation (1), The devices (multiple) (4) for restricting the horizontal movement are arranged around columns (42) fixed to the base (11) of the foundation (1) and include elastic elements (multiple) (41) fixed to the columns (42) and facing the side walls (multiple) of the corresponding vertical gaps (vertical holes) (24) of the formwork slab (2). Earthquake-resistant structure.

2. An earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls of the vertical holes (plural) (24) of the floating slab (21) are open at the upper and lower ends and are composed of metal boxes (43) fixed to the reinforcing members (23) of the floating slab (21).

3. An earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the column(s) (42) comprises a support leg(44) on the base(11) of the foundation(1) and an anchor screw(s) (45) for fixing the leg(44) to the foundation(1), and the anchor screw(s) (45) is accessible through the interior of the vertical holes(s)(24) of the floating slab(21) of the formwork slab(2).

4. An earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the column(s) (42) have a one-piece body, and the elastic element(s) (41) are fixed laterally to a region near the upper end of the column(s) (42).

5. The earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 3, wherein the column(s) (42) The lower section (42a) that supports the leg (44), The elastic elements (multiple) (41) are fixed laterally to a removable upper section (42b), and After the anchor screws (multiple) (45) of the leg (44) are fixed to the base (11) of the foundation (1), at least one screw or fastening element (46) is used to fasten the upper section (42b) to the lower section (42a). An earthquake-resistant structure characterized by having the following features.

6. An earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 1, comprising a second element (multiple) (5) for damping horizontal movement (multiple), disposed between the side walls (multiple) (12) of the foundation and the extensions (multiple) (25) of the floating slab and the formwork slab that project laterally from the side walls (multiple).

7. An earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 6, wherein the second element(s) (5) for damping horizontal movement comprises a helical cable(s) (51), the coil of which is fixed to each parallel plate(s) (52) by a region facing diametrically, and the coil of the second element(s) (51) for damping horizontal movement comprises a helical cable(s) (51), the coil of which is fixed to each parallel plate(s) (52) by a region facing diametrically, and the second element(s) (51) for damping horizontal movement comprises a helical cable(s) (51) and the coil of which forms a contact surface with the side wall(s) (12) of the foundation(1) and the extension(25) of the floating slab(21) and the side wall(s) (22) of the formwork slab, respectively, and is characterized in that an earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 6.

8. An earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the second element(s)(5) for damping horizontal movement comprises at least one elastic element(53) between the parallel plates(s)(52).

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