Methods and apparatus for communication in wireless communication systems

Abstract

A method for a first device to perform wireless communication and a device supporting the same are provided. The method may include the steps of: receiving information about at least one transmit beam from a second device; identifying the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; estimating the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and a sensing position; transmitting to the second device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and information about the angle; and receiving the reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object in the sensing position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0002] As a successor technology to LTE (Long Term Evolution), 5G NR is a new clean-slate mobile communication system featuring high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low frequency bands below 1 GHz, intermediate frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands of 24 GHz and above.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim at: (i) very high data rate per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reducing energy consumption of battery-free IoT (Internet of Things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capability. The vision of 6G systems includes four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can satisfy the requirements listed in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may show an example of requirements for 6G systems.

[0004] Table 1 Summary of the Invention Problem to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] This disclosure aims to provide apparatus and methods that can effectively provide services in wireless communication systems. In particular, it provides methods and apparatus for communication. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In one embodiment, a method is provided that is performed by a first device. The method may include (encompass; configure; construct; set up; include; contain; contain; have; comprise) a first device.

[0007] In one embodiment, a first device is provided configured to perform wireless communication. The first device includes at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, which can be used to: receive information from a second device regarding at least one transmit beam; identify the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; estimate the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and a sensing position; transmit to the second device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and the angle; and receive the reflected signal, based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object in the sensing position.

[0008] In one embodiment, a processing unit is provided configured to control a first device. The processing unit includes at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions, the instructions can be used to: cause the first device to: receive information from the second device about at least one transmit beam; identify the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; estimate the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; transmit to the second device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and the angle; and cause the first device to receive the reflected signal, based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object in the sensing position.

[0009] In one embodiment, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium recording instructions is provided. When the instructions are executed, the first device is instructed to: receive information from the second device regarding at least one transmit beam; identify the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; estimate the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; transmit to the second device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and the angle; and receive the reflected signal based on the fact that the sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object in the sensing position.

[0010] In one embodiment, a method is provided that is performed by a second device. The method may include: transmitting information about at least one transmit beam to a first device; receiving from the first device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beams and the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and transmitting a sensing signal to the sensing position.

[0011] In one embodiment, a second device is provided configured to perform wireless communication. The second device includes at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor. The second device is configured to: transmit information about at least one transmit beam to a first device; receive from the first device information about the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beam and the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and a sensing position; and cause the sensing position to transmit a signal for sensing.

[0012] In one embodiment, a processing unit is provided configured to control a second device. The processing unit includes at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions, the instructions being configured to transmit information about at least one transmit beam to the first device, based on that the instructions are executed by the at least one processor; to receive from the first device information about the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beams and the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and a sensing position; and to cause the sensing position to transmit a signal for sensing.

[0013] In one embodiment, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium is provided which records instructions. When executed, the instructions cause a second device to: transmit information about at least one transmit beam to a first device; receive from the first device information about the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beam and the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and cause the sensing position to transmit a sensing signal. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] This disclosure can provide devices and methods that can effectively provide services in wireless communication systems. For example, communication can be efficiently performed through the embodiments proposed in this disclosure. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0015] [Figure 1] This disclosure shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 2] An electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 3] This disclosure presents an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 4] This disclosure presents an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 5] An example of sensing operation according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 6] This shows a frame slot structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] An example of a BWP according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 8]One embodiment of this disclosure illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication depending on the resource allocation mode. [Figure 9] One embodiment of this disclosure provides an example of a 5G system architecture that enables positioning of UEs connected to NG-RAN (Next Generation-Radio Access Network) or E-UTRAN. [Figure 10] One embodiment of this disclosure provides an example of a network implementation for measuring the location of a UE. [Figure 11] One embodiment of this disclosure provides an example of a protocol layer used to support LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message transmission between an LMF and a UE. [Figure 12] One embodiment of this disclosure shows an example of a protocol layer used to support NRPPa (NR Positioning Protocol A) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node. [Figure 13] This is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] This disclosure shows a double-sided RTT according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 15] An example of a wireless communication environment according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 16] An example of a method for sensing an object according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 17] An example of a method for sensing an object according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 18] One embodiment of this disclosure illustrates a method by which a first device performs wireless communication. [Figure 19] One embodiment of this disclosure illustrates a method by which a second device performs wireless communication. [Figure 20] A communication system 1 according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 21] A wireless device according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 22] One embodiment of the present disclosure shows a signal processing circuit for a transmitted signal. [Figure 23] A wireless device according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 24] A portable device according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 25] This disclosure shows a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0016] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0017] In this specification, slashes ( / ) and commas can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" can mean "just A", "just B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B or C".

[0018] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" can mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" and "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted in the same way as "at least one of A and B."

[0019] Furthermore, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0020] Furthermore, parentheses used in this specification can mean "for example." Specifically, when "control information (PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Also, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Similarly, when "control information (i.e., PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information."

[0021] In the following explanation, "when, if, in case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0022] In this specification, technical features described individually within a single drawing may be represented individually or simultaneously.

[0023] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for a terminal, pre-configured, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to a terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via RRC (radio resource control) signaling or MAC (medium access control) signaling.

[0024] In this specification, "configured or defined" can be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured in the device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" can be interpreted as being pre-configured in the device.

[0025] The technologies proposed herein can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) and CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0026] The technologies proposed herein are implemented in 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low back haul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0027] Figure 1 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] The new network characteristics in 6G are as follows:

[0029] - Satellite integrated network

[0030] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, updating wireless technology from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied to each step of the communication procedure (or each step of the signal processing described below).

[0031] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0032] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connecting drones and very low Earth orbit satellites to the network and core network functions creates Super 3D connectivity in 6G Ubiquitous.

[0033] The following are some common requirements for the characteristics of the new 6G network described above:

[0034] - Small cell networks

[0035] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0036] - High-capacity backhaul

[0037] - Raider technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) via communications is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems can be integrated with 6G networks.

[0038] - Softwareization and virtualization

[0039] The core implementation technologies for 6G systems will be described below.

[0040] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications simplifies and improves real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analyses to determine how complex target operations are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI enables rapid communication in BCI (Brain-Computer Interface). AI-based communication systems are supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent radio, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0041] -THz communication (terahertz communication): Data transmission rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, typically represent a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with wavelengths in the 0.03 mm-3 mm range. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Of the defined THz band, 300 GHz-3 THz is in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of a broadband but is at the boundary of the broadband, just behind the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band is similar to RF. Figure 2 shows the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth available to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows more antenna elements to be integrated into equipment and BS operating in this band. Through this, advanced adaptive array techniques can be used to overcome range limitations.

[0042] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0043] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0044] -Optical wireless technology

[0045] - Free-space optical backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0046] -Quantum communication

[0047] - Cell-free communication

[0048] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0049] - Integration of sensing and communication (wireless communication and scanning)

[0050] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0051] - Big data analysis

[0052] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0053] - Metaverse

[0054] - Blockchain

[0055] - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a crucial element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity will be provided using UAV technology. Base station (BS) entities can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong visible line links, and the freedom of controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground communication infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs can become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0056] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM is a broader concept than UAM (urban air mobility), which refers to air transport available in urban areas. It encompasses transportation methods that include travel between regional hubs as well as within urban areas.

[0057] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key factor in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows vehicles to communicate and share information with various elements on the road, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), in order to enable autonomous driving. To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technology are absolutely necessary. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving may go beyond simply conveying warning and guidance messages to the driver and may need to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. For this reason, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so it is expected that 6G will be able to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0058] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that uses RF (radio frequency) resources onboard a satellite (or UAS (unmanned aerial system) platform). Figure 3 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on a transparent payload according to one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on a regenerative payload according to one embodiment of this disclosure. Embodiments of Figure 3 or Figure 4 can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Referring to Figure 3, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can connect to a data network via a gateway. Beam footprint can mean the area from which signals transmitted by the satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can connect to other satellites (or UAS platforms) via ISLs (inter-satellite links). Other satellites (or UAS platforms) can connect to gateways via feeder links. Based on the regenerated payload, the satellite can connect to the data network via gateways with other satellites. If an ISL does not exist between satellites, a feeder link may be required between the satellite and the gateway. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can implement various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate various beams over a specified service area depending on the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload is substantially the same as mounting all or part of the base station functions on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0059] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment. Because wireless frequency sensing does not require connection to an object via a device in the network, it can provide a service for determining object location without any device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from wireless frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions such as various object sensing, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, UAVs), and high-precision location determination, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) enabling applications such as intruder detection, control and navigation of auxiliary vehicles, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP (registered trademark; hereafter the same) based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., sensing operation, can depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems with wireless and sensing networks in communication networks. Figure 5 shows an example of sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 5 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5(a) shows an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and sensing transmitter located in the same position (e.g., monostatic sensing), and Figure 5(b) shows an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0060] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol (RRC) between a terminal and a network can be divided into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Of these, the physical layer, which belongs to Layer 1, provides information transfer services using physical channels, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, plays the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0061] The physical layer provides information transfer services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the higher layer, the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, via transport channels. Data moves between the MAC layer and the physical layer via these transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted via the wireless interface.

[0062] Data travels between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of the transmitter and receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method, utilizing time and frequency as wireless resources.

[0063] The MAC layer provides services to the higher-level RLC (radio link control) layer via logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping functionality from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing functionality through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sub-layer provides data transfer services on logical channels.

[0064] The RLC hierarchy performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs (Service Data Units). To ensure the diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of radio bearers (RBs), the RLC hierarchy provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction via ARQ (automatic repeat request).

[0065] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmit channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to the logical path provided by the first layer (physical layer or PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer, SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0066] The functions of the PDCP hierarchy on the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and encryption. The functions of the PDCP hierarchy on the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0067] The SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) layer is defined only at the user level. The SDAP layer performs tasks such as mapping QoS flows to data radio bearers and marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) in downlink and uplink packets.

[0068] Setting up a Radio Bearing (RB) refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol hierarchy and channel in order to provide a specific service, and setting the specific parameters and operating methods for each. Furthermore, RBs are divided into two types: SRB (Signaling Radio Bearer) and DRB (Data Radio Bearer). The SRB is used as a channel for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0069] When an RRC connection is established between the terminal's RRC layer and the base station's RRC layer, the terminal enters the RRC_CONNECTED state; otherwise, it enters the RRC_IDLE state. In the case of NR, an additional RRC_INACTIVE state is defined, in which a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection with the core network and release its connection with the base station.

[0070] Downlink transport channels, which transmit data from the network to terminals, include BCH (Broadcast Channel) for transmitting system information and Downlink SCH (Shared Channel) for transmitting user traffic and control messages. Downlink multicast or broadcast service traffic or control messages can be transmitted via Downlink SCH or via a separate Downlink MCH (Multicast Channel). On the other hand, uplink transport channels, which transmit data from terminals to the network, include RACH (Random Access Channel) for transmitting initial control messages and Uplink SCH (Shared Channel) for transmitting user traffic and control messages.

[0071] Above the transport channel level, logical channels mapped to the transport channel include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel).

[0072] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmissions. A radio frame has a length of 10ms and can be defined as two 5ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols by a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0073] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0074] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when a normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0075] [Table 2]

[0076] Figure 6 shows a frame slot structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0077] Referring to Figure 6, a slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. A carrier wave contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical)Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier wave can contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed via activated BWPs. Each element is called a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid and can be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0078] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) is a contiguous set of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. PRBs can be selected from a contiguous subset of Common Resource Blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0079] Figure 7 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of Figure 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0080] Referring to Figure 7, the CRB (common resource block) is a carrier resource block numbered from one end of the carrier band to the other. The PRB is a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0081] BWP is point A, offset (N) from point A.start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A is an external reference point of PRBs of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (for example, all numerologies supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset is a PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth is the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0082] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink)-specific sequence, which can include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). Said PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and said SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences can be used for S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences can be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal can perform initial signal detection and acquire synchronization using S-PSS. For example, a terminal can acquire fine synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using S-PSS and S-SSS.

[0083] The PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) is a broadcast channel that transmits fundamental (system) information that terminals should know first before transmitting or receiving SL signals. For example, this fundamental information includes information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDDUL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, application types related to SLSS, subframe offset, and broadcast information. For example, to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the size of the PSBCH payload is 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0084] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., an SLSS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB can have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and its transmission bandwidth is within a (pre-configured) Sidelink Bandwidth Part (SL BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB is 11RB (Resource Block). For example, the PSBCH spans 11RB. The frequency position of the S-SSB can be (pre-configured). Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection on frequency to find the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0085] In this specification, PSCCH can be replaced with control channels, physical control channels, control channels associated with side links, physical control channels associated with side links, etc. In this specification, PSSCH can be replaced with shared channels, physical shared channels, shared channels associated with side links, physical shared channels associated with side links, etc.

[0086] Figure 8 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0087] Referring to Figure 8(a), in resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station can transmit information about SL resources and / or sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) to the first terminal. For example, the sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0088] For example, the first terminal can receive from the base station information related to a DG (dynamic grant) resource and / or information related to a CG (configured grant) resource. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI (downlink control information). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may send an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may send an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may send DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0089] In step S810, the first terminal can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal can transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) can be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal can transmit / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on pre-configured rules. For example, the DCI may be a DCI for scheduling SLs.

[0090] Referring to Figure 8(b), in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine an SL transmission resource from the SL resources set by the base station / network or from the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or pre-configured SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can select resources itself from the configured resource pool and perform SL communication. For example, the terminal can perform sensing and resource (re)selection procedures and select resources itself within the selection window. For example, the sensing may be performed in units of subchannels. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources itself from the resource pool can use those resources to send PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1 st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits a PSSCH (e.g., 2) associated with the PSCCH. nd -Stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc. can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0091] Referring to Figure 8(a) or (b), for example, the first terminal can transmit an SCI over the PSCCH to the second terminal. Alternatively, for example, the first terminal can transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a 2-stage SCI) over the PSCCH and / or PSSCH to the second terminal. In this case, the second terminal can decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a 2-stage SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted over the PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1 st -stage SCI or 1 st -Stage SCI format, which can be called the SCI format, is transmitted over PSSCH. nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd-stage SCI or 2 nd - This can be called the stage SCI format.

[0092] For example, 1 st -stage SCI format can include SCI format 1-A and / or SCI format 1-B, 2 nd -stage SCI formats may include SCI format 2-A, SCI format 2-B, SCI format 2-C and / or SCI format 2-D.

[0093] The following describes an example of SCI format 1-A.

[0094] SCI format 1-A is used for scheduling the PSSCH and the 2nd stage SCI on the PSSCH.

[0095] The following information will be transmitted using SCI Format 1-A.

[0096] - Priority - 3 bits

[0097] - Frequency resource allocation - The ceiling(log2(NSLsubChannel(NSLsubChannel + 1) / 2)) bit when the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2. Otherwise, the ceiling log2(NSLsubChannel(NSLsubChannel+1)(2NSLsubChannel+1) / 6) bit when the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3.

[0098] - Time resource allocation - 5 bits if the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2. Otherwise, 9 bits if the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3.

[0099] - Resource reservation cycle - ceiling(log2 Nrsv_period) bit. Here, Nrsv_period is the number of entries in the upper layer parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList if the upper layer parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is set. Otherwise, 0 bits.

[0100] - DMRS pattern - ceiling(log2 Npattern) bit, where Npattern is the number of DMRS patterns set by the upper layer parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList

[0101] - 2nd-stage SCI format - 2 bits as defined in Table 5

[0102] - Beta_Offset Indicator - 2 bits as provided by the upper layer parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0103] - Number of DMRS ports - 1 bit as defined in Table 6

[0104] - Modulation and encoding scheme - 5-bit

[0105] - Additional MCS Table Indicator - 1 bit if one MCS table is set by the upper layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table. 2 bits if two MCS tables are set by the upper layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table. 0 bits otherwise.

[0106] - PSFCH overhead indicator - 1 bit if upper layer parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4. 0 bits otherwise.

[0107] - Reserved bits - The number of bits determined by the upper layer parameter sl-NumReservedBits, which is set to 0.

[0108] The following describes an example of SCI format 2-A.

[0109] In HARQ operation, if the HARQ-ACK information contains either an ACK or a NACK, or if the HARQ-ACK information contains only a NACK, or if there is no feedback of the HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-A is used for decoding the PSSCH.

[0110] The following information will be transmitted via SCI Format 2A.

[0111] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0112] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0113] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0114] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0115] - Destination ID - 16-bit

[0116] - HARQ Feedback Enable / Disable Indicator - 1 bit

[0117] - Cast type indicator - 2 bits as defined in Table 7

[0118] • CSI request - 1 bit

[0119] [Table 3]

[0120] The following describes an example of SCI format 2-B.

[0121] In HARQ operation, if the HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK, or if there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-B is used for PSSCH decoding.

[0122] The following information will be transmitted via SCI Format 2-B.

[0123] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0124] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0125] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0126] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0127] - Destination ID - 16-bit

[0128] - HARQ Feedback Enable / Disable Indicator - 1 bit

[0129] - Zone ID - 12 bits

[0130] - Communication range requirements - Based on the upper layer parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index The 4 bits to be determined

[0131] Referring to Figure 8(a) or (b), in step S630, the first terminal can receive the PSFCH. For example, the first and second terminals can determine the PSFCH resource, and the second terminal can use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0132] Referring to Figure 8(a), in step S640, the first terminal can transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0133] The following explains positioning.

[0134] Figure 9 shows an example architecture in a 5G system that enables positioning of UEs connected to NG-RAN (Next Generation-Radio Access Network) or E-UTRAN, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0135] As shown in Figure 9, the AMF can receive a request for location services associated with a specific target UE from another entity such as a GMLC (Gateway Mobile Location Center), or it can decide to initiate location services on behalf of the specific target UE itself. The AMF can then send a location service request to the LMF (Location Management Function). Upon receiving the location service request, the LMF can process it and return the processing results, including the estimated location of the UE, to the AMF. On the other hand, if the location service request is received from an entity other than the AMF, such as a GMLC, the AMF can communicate the processing results received from the LMF to the other entity.

[0136] ng-eNB (new generation evolved-NB) and gNB are network elements of NG-RAN that can provide measurement results for position estimation. They can measure radio signals to a target UE and transmit the resulting values ​​to the LMF. Additionally, ng-eNB can control dedicated PRS TPs that support several TPs (Transmission Points) such as remote radio heads or PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) based beacon systems for E-UTRA.

[0137] The LMF is connected to the E-SMLC (Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Centre), which enables the LMF to connect to the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC allows the LMF to utilize downlink measurements acquired by the target UE via signals transmitted from the eNB and / or a dedicated PRS TP within the E-UTRAN to support OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival), one of the E-UTRAN's positioning methods.

[0138] On the other hand, the LMF can be connected to the SLP (SUPL Location Platform). The LMF can support and manage different location determination services for target UEs. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the UE's location measurement. For the positioning of the target UE, the LMF determines a positioning method based on the LCS (Location Service) client type, the required QoS (Quality of Service), UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply such a positioning method to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. The LMF can then determine additional information such as the estimated location for the target UE and the accuracy of the location estimate and velocity. The SLP is a SUPL (Secure User Plane Location) entity responsible for positioning via the user plane.

[0139] The UE can measure downlink signals via sources such as NG-RAN and E-UTRAN, different GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), TBS (Terrestrial Beacon System), WLAN (Wireless Local Access Network) connection points, Bluetooth® beacons, and UE barometric pressure sensors. The UE may include an LCS application and can connect to the LCS application via communication with the network to which the UE is connected or via other applications included in the UE. The LCS application may include measurement and calculation functions necessary to determine the UE's position. For example, the UE may include an independent positioning function such as GPS (Global Positioning System) and can report the UE's position independently of NG-RAN transmission. Such independently acquired positioning information can also be used as supplementary information to positioning information acquired from the network.

[0140] Figure 10 shows an example of a network implementation for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0141] When the UE is in the CM-IDLE (Connection Management-IDLE) state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF can request a network trigger service to establish a signaling connection with the UE and assign a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. This operational process is omitted in Figure 10. In other words, in Figure 10, it can be assumed that the UE is in connected mode. However, for reasons such as signaling and data inactivity, the signaling connection may be terminated by the NG-RAN during the positioning process.

[0142] Referring to Figure 10, the specific network operation process for measuring the location of a UE can be described as follows: In step 1a, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC can request a location service from the Serving AMF to measure the location of a target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request a location service, step 1b can determine that a location service is necessary to measure the location of the target UE. For example, the Serving AMF may decide to provide the location service directly to measure the location of a UE for an emergency call.

[0143] Subsequently, by step 2, the AMF sends a location service request to the LMF, and by step 3a, the LMF can initiate location procedures with serving ng-eNB and serving gNB to obtain location measurement data or location assistance data. Additionally, by step 3b, the LMF can initiate location procedures with the UE for downlink positioning L. For example, the LMF can send assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355 to the UE or obtain location estimates or location measurements. On the other hand, step 3b can be performed additionally after step 3a has been performed, but it can also be performed in place of step 3a.

[0144] In step 4, the LMF can provide the AMF with a location service response. The location service response may include information on whether the UE's location estimation was successful and the estimated location of the UE. Subsequently, once the procedure in Figure 10 is initiated by step 1a, the AMF can transmit the location service response to a 5GC entity such as a GMLC, and once the procedure in Figure 10 is initiated by step 1b, the AMF can use the location service response to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0145] Figure 11 shows an example of a protocol layer used to support LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0146] LPP PDUs can be transmitted via NAS PDUs between the AMF and UE. As shown in Figure 11, LPP can terminate between a target device (e.g., UE in the control plane or SET (SUPL Enabled Terminal) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., LMF in the control plane or SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted as transparent PDUs over intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols such as NGAP (NG Application Protocol) over the NG-C (NG-Control Plane) interface, and NAS / RRC over the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0147] For example, via the LPP protocol, the target device and the location server can exchange capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. They can also exchange error information and / or instructions to interrupt the LPP procedure via LPP messages.

[0148] Figure 12 shows an example of a protocol layer used to support NRPPa (NR Positioning Protocol A) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node by one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 12 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0149] NRPPa can be used for information exchange between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange E-CID (Enhanced-Cell ID) for measurements sent from ng-eNB to LMF, data to support OTDOA positioning methods, Cell-ID for NR Cell ID positioning methods, and Cell location IDs. Even without information about associated NRPPa transactions, AMFs can route NRPPa PDUs based on the routing ID of associated LMFs via the NG-C interface.

[0150] The NRPPa protocol procedures for location and data acquisition can be divided into two types. The first type is UE-associated procedures for transmitting information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information), and the second type is non-UE-associated procedures for transmitting information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and associated TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information). The procedures of these two types can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0151] On the other hand, positioning methods supported by NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID (enhanced cell ID), barometric pressure sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, and TBS (terrestrial beacon system), UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival), etc. The position of the UE can be measured using any one of the above positioning methods, but it is also possible to measure the position of the UE using two or more positioning methods.

[0152] (1)OTDOA(Observed Time Difference Of Arrival)

[0153] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0154] The OTDOA positioning method utilizes the measurement timing of downlink signals received by the UE from multiple TPs, including eNBs, ng-eNBs, and PRS-dedicated TPs. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using positional data received from a location server. The UE's position can then be determined based on these measurement results and the geographical coordinates of adjacent TPs. The embodiment shown in Figure 15 can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0155] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap from a TP for OTDOA measurement. If the UE is unable to recognize the Single Frequency Network (SFN) for at least one TP in the OTDOA auxiliary data, it can use an autonomous gap to obtain the SFN of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap for the Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurement.

[0156] Here, RSTD can be defined based on the smallest relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, it can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe of the reference cell closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell. Meanwhile, the reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0157] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it is necessary to measure the TOA (time of arrival) of signals received from three or more geographically dispersed TPs or base stations. For example, by measuring the TOA for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3, and calculating the RSTD for TP1-TP2, TP2-TP3, and TP3-TP1 based on the three TOA values, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be estimated as the location of the UE. In this case, accuracy and / or uncertainty may arise for each TOA measurement, and the estimated UE location can also be known as a specific range due to measurement uncertainty.

[0158] For example, the RSTD for two TPs can be calculated based on Formula 1.

[0159]

number

[0160] Here, c is the speed of light, and {x t , y t} is the (unknown) coordinate of the target UE, and {x i , y i} are the coordinates of the (known) TP, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of the reference TP (or another TP). Here, (T i -T1) is the transmission time offset between two TPs, which can be called "Real Time Differences" (RTDs), and n i n1 can represent a value related to the UE TOA measurement error.

[0161] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0162] In a Cell ID (CID) positioning method, the location of a UE can be determined via the geographical information of the UE's serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, the geographical information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0163] On the other hand, the E-CID positioning method, in addition to the CID positioning method, can utilize additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources to improve UE position estimates. While the E-CID positioning method can use some of the same measurement methods as the measurement control system of the RRC protocol, it generally does not perform additional measurements solely for UE position measurement. In other words, a separate measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be provided to measure the UE's position, and the UE can report measurements obtained through generally measurable measurement methods without expecting to be required to perform additional measurement operations solely for position measurement.

[0164] For example, a serving gNB can implement an E-CID positioning method using E-UTRA measurements provided by the UE.

[0165] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning include the following:

[0166] - UE measurement: E-UTRA RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), E-UTRA RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), UE E-UTRA reception-transmission time difference (Rx-Tx Time difference), GERAN (GSM EDGE Random Access Network) / WLAN RSSI (Reference Signal Strength Indication), UTRAN CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0167] - E-UTRAN measurement: ng-eNB receive-transmit time difference (Rx-Tx Time difference), Timing Advance (TADV), Angle of Arrival (AoA)

[0168] Here, TADV can be divided into Type 1 and Type 2, as shown below.

[0169] TADV Type 1 = (ng - eNB reception - transmission time difference) + (UE E - UTRA reception - transmission time difference)

[0170] TADV Type2 = ng-eNB receive-transmit time difference

[0171] On the other hand, AoA can be used to measure the direction of an UE. AoA can be defined as the estimated angle relative to the UE's position, counterclockwise from the base station / TP. In this case, the geographic reference direction can be north. The base station / TP can utilize uplink signals such as SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) and / or DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) for AoA measurement. Furthermore, the larger the antenna array arrangement, the higher the accuracy of AoA measurement, and if the antenna array is arranged at the same interval, signals received from adjacent antenna elements can have a certain phase rotation.

[0172] (3)UTDOA(Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0173] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of an UE by estimating the arrival time of an SRS signal. When calculating the estimated SRS arrival time, the serving cell is used as a reference cell, and the location of the UE can be estimated through the arrival time difference with other cells (or base stations / TPs). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can instruct the target UE's serving cell to instruct the target UE to transmit an SRS signal. The E-SMLC can also provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic or aperiodic, bandwidth, and frequency / group / sequence hopping.

[0174] (4) RTT (Round Trip Time)

[0175] RTT (Round-Time Telemetry) is a positioning technique that can measure the distance between two entities even when time synchronization between the target entity and the server entity is not achieved. If RTT is performed with multiple server entities, the distance from each server entity can be measured. Then, by drawing circles using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute positioning of the target entity is performed at the point where the circles intersect. For example, this can be called multi-RTT.

[0176] The method for performing RTT between two entities is as follows: Entity #1 can send PRS#1 at t1, and Entity #2 can receive PRS#1 at t2. After Entity #2 receives PRS#1, Entity #2 can send PRS#2 at t3, and Entity #1 can receive PRS#2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be calculated as follows.

[0177]

number

[0178] In the case of round-trip time (RTT) between a UE and a gNB, the distance between the UE and the gNB can be calculated using the UE Rx-Tx time difference and the gNB Rx-Tx time difference, as shown in the table below, based on formula 2 above.

[0179] (5) Double-sided RTT

[0180] Double-sided RTT is a positioning technique that can measure the distance between two entities even when there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target entity and the server entity.

[0181] Here's how to perform a double-sided RTT between two entities:

[0182] Figure 14 shows a double-sided RTT according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0183] Double-sided RTT is widely used in UWB (ultra-wideband) positioning and can reduce the effects of clock errors. Referring to Figure 14, the propagation delay T is two measured values ​​(i.e., T round1 , T round2 , T reply1 , T reply2 ) can be estimated. For example, the propagation delay T can be estimated based on equation 3.

[0184]

number

[0185] And then, T round1 ×T round2 -T reply1 ×T reply2 This can be obtained based on formula 4.

[0186]

number

[0187] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as shown in Equation 5.

[0188]

number

[0189] In this case, the propagation delay estimation error due to the clock error can be obtained based on Equation 6.

[0190]

number

[0191] For example, the following is an example of an RSTD (reference signal time difference). For example, the following RSTD can be applied for SL positioning.

[0192] RSTD(reference signal time difference)

[0193] -Definition: The relative time difference between an E-UTRA adjacent cell j and an E-UTRA reference cell i is T SubframeRxj -T SubframeRxi It can be defined as, where :T SubframeRxj is the time when the UE receives the start of one subframe from E-UTRA cell j, and T SubframeRxi This could be the time when the UE receives the start of a subframe from E-UTRA cell i, which is the time closest to the time when the UE receives a subframe from E-UTRA cell j. The reference point for the observed subframe time difference can be the antenna connector of the UE.

[0194] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED Inter-RAT

[0195] For example, the following is an example of DL PRS RSRP (reference signal received power). For example, the following DL PRS RSRP can be applied for SL positioning.

[0196] DL PRS RSRP(reference signal received power)

[0197] -Definition: DL PRS RSRP (reference signal received power) can be defined as the linear average of the power contribution (in units [W]) of resource elements that transmit the DL PRS reference signal set for RSRP measurement within the deemed measurement frequency band. For frequency range 1, the reference point for DL ​​PRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, DL PRS-RSRP can be measured based on the signal coupled from the antenna element corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency ranges 1 and 2, if receive diversity is used by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the DL PRS-RSRP value corresponding to any one of the individual receiver branches.

[0198] - Applicable to: within RRC_CONNECTED frequencies (intra-frequency), between RRC_CONNECTED frequencies (inter-frequency)

[0199] For example, the following is an example of DL RSTD (relative signal time difference). For example, the following DL RSTD can be applied to SL positioning.

[0200] DL RSTD(relative signal time difference)

[0201] -Definition: The DL RSTD between positioning node j and reference positioning node i is T SubframeRxj -T SubframeRxi It can be defined as follows: Here, T SubframeRxj is the time when the UE receives the start of one subframe from positioning node j, and T SubframeRxiThis could be the time when the UE receives the start of a subframe from positioning node i, which is the time closest to the time when the UE receives a subframe from positioning node j. Multiple DL PRS resources are used to determine the start of a subframe from a positioning node. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSTD may be the UE's antenna connector. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSTD may be the UE's antenna.

[0202] - Applicable to: within RRC_CONNECTED frequencies (intra-frequency), between RRC_CONNECTED frequencies (inter-frequency)

[0203] For example, the following is an example of a UE Rx-Tx time difference. For example, the following UE Rx-Tx time difference can be applied for SL positioning.

[0204] UE Rx-Tx time difference

[0205] -Definition:UE Rx-Tx time difference is T UE-RX -T UE-TX It can be defined as follows: Here, T UE-RX This is the UE reception timing of downlink subframe #i from the positioning node, and can be defined as the first detected path in time, T UE-TX This could be the UE transmission timing of subframe #i received from the positioning node and the uplink subframe #j which is temporally closest. Multiple DL PRS resources are used to determine the start of one subframe in the first arrival path of the positioning node. For frequency range 1, T UE-RX The reference point for measurement is the Rx antenna connector of the UE, T UE-TX The reference point for measurement can be the UE's Tx antenna connector. For frequency range 2, T UE-RX The reference point for the measurement is the UE's Rx antenna and T UE-TXThe reference point for measurement could be the UE's Tx antenna.

[0206] - Applicable to: within RRC_CONNECTED frequencies (intra-frequency), between RRC_CONNECTED frequencies (inter-frequency)

[0207] For example, next is UL RTOA (UL Relative Time of Arrival) (T UL-RTOA An example of this can be shown. For example, the following UL RTOA can be applied for SL positioning.

[0208] UL RTOA(UL Relative Time of Arrival)(T UL-RTOA )

[0209] -Definition: UL RTOA(UL Relative Time of Arrival)(T UL-RTOA ) can mean the start of subframe i containing the SRS received at positioning node j relative to a configurable reference time. SRS resources for multiple positionings are used to determine the start of one subframe containing the SRS received at positioning nodes. UL-RTOA The reference points are as follows: - For Type 1-C base stations TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna connector, - For Type 1-O or 2-O base stations TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna, - For Type 1-H base stations TS 38.104[9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0210] For example, the following is an example of a gNB Rx-Tx time difference. For example, the following gNB Rx-Tx time difference can be applied for SL positioning.

[0211] gNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0212] Definition: gNB Rx-Tx time difference is T gNB-RX -T gNB-TX It can be defined as follows: Here, T gNB-RX This is the positioning node reception timing of uplink subframe #i, which includes the SRS associated with the UE, and can be defined as the path that was first perceived in time. gNB-TX This could be the positioning node transmission timing of subframe #i received from the UE and the downlink subframe #j which is temporally closest. SRS resources for multiple positionings are used to determine the start of a single subframe containing the SRS. gNB-RX The reference points for the following are: - For Type 1-C base stations TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna connector, - For Type 1-O or 2-O base stations TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna, - For Type 1-H base stations TS 38.104[9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector. gNB-TX The reference points for the following are: - For Type 1-C base stations TS 38.104[9]: Tx antenna connector, - For Type 1-O or 2-O base stations TS 38.104[9]: Tx antenna, - For Type 1-H base stations TS 38.104[9]: Tx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0213] For example, the following is an example of UL AoA (Angle of Arrival). For example, the following UL AoA can be applied for SL positioning.

[0214] UL AoA (Angle of Arrival)

[0215] -Definition: UL AoA (Angle of Arrival) can be defined as the estimated azimuth and elevation angles of a UE relative to a reference direction, where the reference direction can be defined as follows: -In a global coordinate system (GCS), the estimated azimuth angle can be measured relative to geographical north and is positive in the counterclockwise direction, and the estimated elevation angle can be measured relative to the zenith and may be positive in the horizontal direction. -In a local coordinate system (LCS), the estimated azimuth angle can be measured relative to the x-axis of the LCS and is positive in the counterclockwise direction, and the estimated elevation angle can be measured relative to the z-axis of the LCS and may be positive in the xy-plane direction. The azimuth, descent, and tilt angles of the LCS can be defined according to TS 38.901

[14] . UL AoA can be determined with a gNB antenna for the UL channel corresponding to this UE.

[0216] For example, the following is an example of UL SRS RSRP (reference signal received power). For example, the following UL SRS RSRP can be applied for SL positioning.

[0217] UL SRS RSRP(reference signal received power)

[0218] Definition: UL SRS RSRP (reference signal received power) can be defined as a linear average of the power contribution (in units [W]) of resource elements that transmit SRS (sounding reference signals). UL SRS RSRP can be measured relative to a set resource element within a measurement frequency band considered to be a set measurement time opportunity. For frequency range 1, the reference point for UL SRS RSRP may be the antenna connector of the gNB. For frequency range 2, UL SRS RSRP can be measured based on the signal coupled from the antenna element corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency ranges 1 and 2, if receive diversity is used by the gNB, the reported UL SRS RSRP value may not be lower than the UL SRS RSRP value corresponding to any one of the individual receiver branches.

[0219] Figure 15 shows an example of a wireless communication environment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0220] Referring to Figure 15, a first device 1510, a second device 1520, and a third device 1530 are illustrated as part of the equipment that uses a radio channel in a wireless communication system. Figure 15 shows only one first device 1510, one second device 1520, and one third device 1530, but is not limited to these.

[0221] According to this disclosure, the first apparatus 1510, the second apparatus 1520, and / or the third apparatus 1530 can transmit and receive radio signals in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band. For example, to improve channel gain, the first apparatus 1510, the second apparatus 1520, and / or the third apparatus 1530 can perform beamforming, which includes transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. For example, the first apparatus 1510, the second apparatus 1520, and / or the third apparatus 1530 can impart directionality to the transmit or receive signal. For example, the first apparatus 1510, the second apparatus 1520, and / or the third apparatus 1530 can select a serving beam (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531) through a beam search or beam management procedure. After the serving beams (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531) are selected, communication may be carried out through resources that are in a quasico-located (QCL) relationship with the resource that sent the serving beams (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531).

[0222] According to this disclosure, the first apparatus 1510, the second apparatus 1520, and / or the third apparatus 1530 may include an antenna array. Each antenna included in the antenna array may be called an array element or an antenna element. The antenna array may be configured in various forms, such as a linear array or a multi-layer array. The antenna array may be called a massive antenna array. For example, the antenna array may include many subarrays, each containing multiple antenna elements.

[0223] On the other hand, in conventional NR Uu (base station and UE operation), beam management operations were newly introduced at mmWave frequencies. For example, beam management operations may include beam scheduling, beam selection, beam failure recovery, etc. This disclosure proposes beam management operations (e.g., beam failure recovery) as follows. For example, the following proposal may relate to beam management operations in NR. On the other hand, the following proposal is not limited to NR. For example, the following proposal may relate to beam management operations in sidelinks. On the other hand, the following proposal is not limited to sidelinks. For example, the following proposal may relate to beam management operations in NR sidelinks.

[0224] The terminal can perform the following operation-based FR2 (mmWave frequency-based communication) operations. For example, FR2 may be sidelink FR2. For example, sidelink FR2 may be sidelink mmWave frequency sidelink-based communication. On the other hand, the following operation-based operations are not limited to sidelink FR2. This disclosure is not limited to sidelink FR2. For example, this disclosure can be applied to 5G FR2 or beyond 5G FR2 (e.g., 6G FR2).

[0225] - Beam sweeping operation: A terminal can perform an operation to find the best beam (e.g., transmit beam, receive beam) by sweeping the beam used for communication. For example, a terminal can perform an operation to cover a spatial area with the transmit and / or receive beams for a fixed time interval in a predetermined manner. For example, communication using beam sweeping operation may be sidelink communication.

[0226] - Beam measurement operation: The terminal can perform an operation to find a reference signal (RS) that is greater than or equal to a threshold value while measuring the reference signal (RS) transmitted by the relative terminal.

[0227] - Beam selection operation: The terminal can perform an operation to select the best beam (e.g., transmit beam, receive beam) based on beam measurement results.

[0228] - Beam reporting operation: The terminal can perform an operation to report the selected best beam to the relative terminal or base station.

[0229] - Beam pairing operation: Terminals can perform an operation to synchronize their beams (e.g., transmit beam / receive beam) with each other in order to enable communication between terminals (e.g., transmit beam / receive beam).

[0230] (Sidelink) (FR2) For terminal beam management (e.g., beam sweeping, beam measurement, beam selection, beam pairing), terminals can send and receive reference signals (RS) to select / determine and adjust / manage beams that can be used by each other.

[0231] In this disclosure, the following terms are used:

[0232] -LMF: Location Management Function

[0233] -UE-triggered SL positioning: Sidelink (SL) positioning whose procedure is triggered by a UE

[0234] -Base station / LMF-triggered SL positioning: SL positioning whose procedure is triggered by a base station / LMF

[0235] -UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning in which the SL positioning group is generated by a UE

[0236] -Base station-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning in which the SL positioning group is generated by a base station

[0237] -UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning in which the UE position is calculated by the UE

[0238] -UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning in which the UE position is calculated by a base station / LMF

[0239] -SL positioning group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0240] -T-UE (Target UE): UE whose position is calculated (UE whose position is calculated)

[0241] -S-UE (Server UE): UE that assists T-UE′s positioning (UE that assists T-UE′s positioning)

[0242] -Anchor UE: UE that assists T-UE′s positioning (UE that assists T-UE′s positioning)

[0243] -MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed.

[0244] -MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed manner.

[0245] -SL PRS: Sidelink positioning reference signal

[0246] -CCH: Control channel

[0247] -IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by a TX UE from another UE, including an RX UE, that contains information about a set of preferred resources that the TX UE is suitable to send to the RX UE, and / or information about a set of non-preferred resources that it is not suitable to send.

[0248] - JCAS: Joint Communication and Sensing

[0249] -RIS: Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0250] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information:

[0251] -SL PRS resource set ID

[0252] -SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set

[0253] -SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0254] - SL PRS power control alpha

[0255] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0256] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0257] For example, the SL PRS resource set can be composed of SL PRS resources consisting of the following information:

[0258] -SL PRS Resource ID

[0259] -SL PRS combsize: The interval between REs during which SL PRS is sent in a symbol.

[0260] -SL PRS comb offset: The RE index in which the SL PRS in the first SL PRS symbol is first sent.

[0261] -SL PRS comb cyclic shift: a cyclic shift used for generating the sequence constituting SL PRS

[0262] -SL PRS start position: the index of the first symbol for transmitting SL PRS within one slot

[0263] -Number of SL PRS symbols: the number of symbols constituting SL PRS within one slot

[0264] -Frequency domain shift: the lowest frequency index at which SL PRS is transmitted in the frequency domain

[0265] -SL PRS BW: the frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0266] -SL PRS resource type: can be configured as periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent or on-demand

[0267] -SL PRS periodicity: the period between SL PRS resources in the time domain, in units of logical slots in a physical resource pool or a resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted

[0268] -SL PRS Offset: An offset in the time domain from the reference timing to the start of the first SL PRS resource, in units of physical or logical slots in the resource pool to which the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0 or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI for the SL PRS resource.

[0269] -SL PRS Sequence ID

[0270] -SL PRS spatial relation: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0271] -SL PRSCCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource location.

[0272] On the other hand, existing radar technology operates in a monostatic form, and a problem can arise where the received signal power decreases in proportion to the m-th power of the distance between the transmitting entity and the object (for example, m=4 in free space) when the radar signal transmitted by the transmitting entity is reflected by the object being sensed and received by the transmitting entity.

[0273] This disclosure proposes a method and apparatus for improving the object detection performance of a radar signal by an ISAC (integrated sensing and communication) system, in which the radar signal transmitted by a transmitting entity is reflected by an object to be sensed, and this signal is received by the transmitting entity and other receiving entities.

[0274] For example, the power size of a signal transmitted and received by a radar typically decreases in proportion to the fourth power of the distance to the object being detected. For instance, when a radar receives a signal that has been reflected by an object in response to a signal it has transmitted, the power size of the received signal decreases in proportion to the fourth power of the distance to the object being detected. Such a characteristic can be derived by equation 7.

[0275]

number

[0276] Here, P t This is the transmit power [W], and P r is the received power [W], and G t G is the transmit antenna gain. r σ is the receive antenna gain, σ is the radar cross section, and A er This could be the effective aperture area of ​​the receiving antenna.

[0277] For example, the transmission power of radar / sensing signals for object detection transmitted based on an ISAC (integrated sensing and communication) system must be limited to avoid interference with communication signals. Therefore, radar / sensing signals for object detection transmitted based on an ISAC system may be unsuitable for sensing distant objects by transmitting a much higher signal power than typical radar transmission signals. Furthermore, since only a portion of the signal incident on the object is reflected and received, there is a possibility that the received signal power will be further attenuated, resulting in reduced reception performance.

[0278] Figure 16 illustrates an example of a method for sensing an object according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0279] Referring to Figure 16, in order to implement the bistatic radar function based on the ISAC system, the UE can transmit a sensing signal, and the base station can receive the signal that the transmitted sensing signal has been reflected off an object. Through this, it can operate to sense the object.

[0280] For example, the sensing signal may be a dedicated signal for sensing purposes, and / or a positioning reference signal capable of performing positioning, and / or a reference signal usable for communication such as DM-RS (demodulation-reference signal), CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal), or SRS (sounding reference signal), and / or a fused signal for all sensing and communication purposes.

[0281] For example, an entity that transmits a signal may be a transmitting / receiving point and / or a terminal and / or a base station. For example, an entity that transmits a signal may be a transmitting radar. For example, an entity that receives a signal may be a transmitting / receiving point and / or a terminal and / or a base station. For example, an entity that receives a signal may be a receiving radar. For example, an entity that receives a signal may be separate from an entity that transmits a signal. For example, an entity that transmits a signal may be transmitting / receiving point 1. For example, an entity that receives a signal may be transmitting / receiving point 2. Bistatic radar technology may relate to the fact that an entity that receives a signal is separate from an entity that transmits a signal. For example, bistatic radar technology may relate to sensing. For example, bistatic radar technology may relate to sensing and that an entity that receives a signal is separate from an entity that transmits a signal. For example, a signal transmitted from an entity that transmits a signal may be called a transmitted signal. For example, a transmitted signal may be a signal transmitted for sensing. For example, an entity that transmits a signal may transmit a signal for sensing. For example, an entity that transmits a signal may transmit a signal to a geographic area where sensing is performed for sensing. For example, the geographical area in which sensing is performed may be a sensing location. For example, the signal that is reflected off an object after being transmitted may be called a reflected signal. For example, an entity that receives a signal based on the reflected signal may perform sensing.

[0282] To solve the above-mentioned problems, in bistatic radar technology, where a signal transmitted by a transmitting radar is reflected by an object and received by a separate receiving radar to sense the object, the power of the signal received by the receiving radar is attenuated in proportion to the nth power of the product of the distance between the transmitting radar and the object and the distance between the receiving radar and the object (for example, n=2 in free space). Therefore, when the distance between the receiving radar and the object is relatively short, there is an advantage in that the detection performance for the object is improved. Such a characteristic can be derived by equation 8.

[0283]

number

[0284] Here, P TX P is the transmit signal power. RX R is the received signal power. TX is the transmitter-to-target distance, and R RX G is the receiver-to-target distance. TX G is the transmit antenna gain. RX λ is the receive antenna gain, λ is the wavelength, and RCS can be the radar cross section.

[0285] In dynamic environments where the positions of the transmitter and / or receiver are unknown or continuously changing, determining the optimal transmit beam index can be difficult.

[0286] For example, if the location of the TX UE and / or the location of the RX UE are not fixed or are not known in advance, the RX UE may transmit to the TX UE the beam index with the highest received signal power (e.g., beam RSRP) from the TX UE, and the angle of the direction of the geographic location to be sensed relative to the direction of the beam index, while the TX UE is performing a beam sweeping operation. For example, in addition to the beam index with the highest received signal power, the RX UE may further transmit to the TX UE N beam indices having the next highest received signal powers. For example, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the TX UE can more accurately estimate the LOS path between the TX UE and the RX UE based on the reported beam index-specific received powers, and based on the estimated results, the RX UE can more precisely beamform the beam to the location to be sensed.

[0287] Figure 17 illustrates an example of a method for sensing an object according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 17 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0288] Referring to Figure 17, in order to implement the bistatic radar function based on the ISAC system, the UE can transmit a sensing signal, and the base station can receive the signal that the transmitted sensing signal has been reflected off an object. Through this, it can operate to sense the object.

[0289] For example, the sensing signal may be a dedicated signal for sensing purposes, and / or a positioning reference signal capable of performing positioning, and / or a reference signal usable for communication such as DM-RS (demodulation-reference signal), CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal), or SRS (sounding reference signal), and / or a fused signal for all sensing and communication purposes.

[0290] For example, a base station or TX UE can transmit a sensing signal to perform bistatic radar, and an RX UE can receive the signal reflected from an object and perform bistatic radar by measuring information about the object (e.g., distance to the object and / or direction to the object and / or velocity of the object) based on the received sensing signal.

[0291] For example, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, when the RX UE wants to perform sensing of an area of ​​interest via bistatic radar, the RX UE can perform bistatic radar based on the following actions:

[0292] For example, if the location of the base station or TX UE transmitting the sensing signal is fixed and known in advance (for example, an RSU in the case of a TX UE), and the base station or TX UE transmits the sensing signal to a beamforming base, the base station or TX UE can transmit to the RX UE a mapping relationship of which absolute direction each beam index is beamforming to with respect to the beamforming, based on absolute direction. For example, the base station or TX UE can transmit to the RX UE a mapping relationship of which absolute direction each beam index is beamforming to with respect to the beamforming, based on relative direction. For example, the base station or TX UE can further transmit to the RX UE the absolute direction that serves as the reference for the relative direction. For example, the absolute direction that serves as the reference for the relative direction may be the bore sight direction of the array antenna used by the base station or TX UE. For example, absolute or relative azimuth mapping information for each beam index can be broadcast to surrounding UEs, for example, in the form of a system information block (SIB).

[0293] For example, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, if the RX UE knows its own position, it can estimate the beam index of the beam required for the base station or TX UE to perform beamforming toward the geographic location, based on the absolute / relative azimuth mapping relationship for each beam index of the base station or TX UE and the geographic location information in which the RX UE intends to perform sensing, and can transmit the estimated beam index to the base station or TX UE to request that it transmit a sensing signal in the direction of the beam index. For example, the RX UE can transmit the geographic location information in which it intends to perform sensing to the base station or TX UE to determine the beam index of the beam to be transmitted toward the geographic location.

[0294] For example, the RX UE will receive the beam with the strongest signal from the LOS direction from the TX UE (Figure 17, S direct ), the above S direct Based on the direction, the distance and direction from the RX UE to the geographic location of interest where sensing will be performed (S in Figure 17) reflectBased on this, the angle θ on the diagram can be estimated and the angle θ value can be transmitted to the TX UE. For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the TX UE can determine the beam index corresponding to the angle θ from the beam index having the strongest received signal power from the RX UE, and then beamform and transmit a sensing signal in the direction of the determined beam index. For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the RX UE and the TX UE can perform bistatic radar functions by transmitting a sensing signal to a geographic location that the RX UE intends to sense, receiving the signal reflected by an object, without any information about their respective positions.

[0295] For example, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the RX UE can perform RTT-based positioning with the TX UE to calculate the distance between the TX UE and the RX UE, and the signals reflected by objects present at the geographic location being sensed (e.g., S reflect ) and the sensing signal (e.g., S) received from the TX UE via the LOS path. direct )By measuring the difference between each reception time, it becomes possible to estimate the time of the reflection path from the TX UE to the RX UE based on the RTT measurement. For example, based on the time values ​​of the reflection path, an ellipse with the TX UE and RX UE as its two foci, indicating the potential position of the object, can be determined, and if the RX UE estimates the relative distance from its own position to the geographical location where the sensing was performed, it becomes possible to estimate the relative distance and relative direction from the RX UE to the detected object.

[0296] For example, according to the embodiments of this disclosure, the same can be applied when the TX entity in Figure 17 is a base station, and the same bistatic radar function can be implemented by interpreting the above operation as the operation of a base station instead of a TX UE.

[0297] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, an ISAC system and method of operation is proposed in which a UE transmits information about the geographical location where sensing is performed in order to perform bistatic radar functionality to an entity that transmits sensing signals, and the ISAC system and method of operation perform bistatic radar based on the signals received when the sensing signals transmitted by the entity are reflected off objects.

[0298] The optimal transmit beam can be identified and selected based solely on power measurement and directional angle, ensuring an optimal communication link. Identifying and selecting the optimal transmit beam based solely on power measurement and directional angle allows for effective operation even in environments where the UE is moving or its position is not fixed, increasing the adaptability of the communication system. Identifying and selecting the optimal transmit beam based solely on power measurement and directional angle reduces reliance on complex position tracking mechanisms and additional position-based data, simplifying system design and operation. Identifying and selecting the optimal transmit beam based solely on power measurement and directional angle allows for rapid and accurate determination of the optimal transmit beam, improving resource utilization efficiency and overall system performance. Therefore, identifying and selecting the optimal transmit beam based solely on power measurement and directional angle ensures robust and efficient beamforming that improves the reliability and quality of wireless communication even under challenging and dynamic conditions.

[0299] For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the service type. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the priority (LCH or service). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the PQI parameters. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / allowed specifically for (or differently or independently of) HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / allowed specifically for (or differently or independently of) resource pool CBR measurements. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / allowed specifically for (or differently or independently of) SL cast types (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / allowed specifically for (or differently or independently of) SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, TX-RX distance-based NACK only feedback).For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) an SL Mode 1CG type (e.g., SL CG Type 1 or SL CG Type 2). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) an SL Mode type (e.g., Mode 1 or Mode 2). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) a resource pool. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) whether the PSFCH resource is a configured resource pool. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) a source (L2) ID. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the destination (L2) ID. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the PC5 RRC connection link. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the SL link. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the connection status (with the base station) (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​of this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the SL HARQ process (ID).For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​in this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the ability to perform SL DRX operation (of a TX UE or RX UE). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​in this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) the ability to perform power-saving (TX or RX) UEs. For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​in this disclosure can be set / permitted specifically for (or differently or independently of) cases where PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX (and / or multiple PSFCH TXs (exceeding UE capabilities)) overlap (and / or when PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are omitted) (from a particular UE perspective). For example, the applicability of the aforementioned rules and / or the proposed method / rule-related parameter values ​​in this disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) when the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from the TX UE.

[0300] For example, the setting (or designation) wording in this disclosure can be broadly interpreted to mean that a base station informs a terminal via a predefined (physical or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MACCE) (and / or is provided via pre-configuration and / or that a terminal informs other terminals via a predefined (physical or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MACCE, PC5 RRC)).

[0301] For example, in this disclosure, the PSFCH wording can be broadly interpreted to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). Furthermore, the proposed methods of this disclosure can be combined and expanded to create new forms of methods.

[0302] For example, in this disclosure, a specific threshold means a threshold that is predefined or (pre-)set by a higher layer (including the application layer) of the network, base station, or terminal. For example, in this disclosure, a specific setting value means a value that is predefined or (pre-)set by a higher layer (including the application layer) of the network, base station, or terminal. For example, an operation set by the network / base station means an operation in which the base station (pre-) sets to the UE via higher-layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE via MACCE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

[0303] Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating a method by which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 18 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0304] Referring to Figure 18, in step S1810, the first device can receive information from the second device regarding at least one transmitting beam. In step S1820, the first device can identify the transmitting beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmitting beam. In step S1830, the first device can estimate the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position. In step S1840, the first device can transmit to the second device the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the angle. In step S1850, the first device can receive the reflected signal based on the fact that the sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object within the sensing position.

[0305] For example, the transmitting beam with the highest received power may be the transmitting beam with the highest RSRP (reference signal received power) among the at least one transmitting beam.

[0306] For example, the position and orientation of the object can be estimated based on the time difference between the time of reception of the signal associated with the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the time of reception of the signal reflected by the object.

[0307] For example, the position and orientation of the object can be estimated based on an ellipse determined based on the time difference between the time of reception of the signal associated with the transmitting beam with the greatest received power and the time of reception of the signal reflected by the object.

[0308] For example, the first device can transmit to the second device the index of the beam with the second highest received power among the at least one transmitting beam, after the transmitting beam with the highest received power.

[0309] For example, the information relating to the at least one transmit beam may include a beam index for the at least one transmit beam.

[0310] For example, the transmission of information regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest received power may be for bistatic radar.

[0311] For example, the second device may be a transmitting terminal.

[0312] For example, the second device could be a base station.

[0313] For example, the information relating to the at least one transmitting beam may include a beam index for the at least one transmitting beam and information relating to the mapping relationship between absolute azimuths for the at least one transmitting beam.

[0314] For example, information regarding the mapping relationship between the beam index for at least one transmitting beam and the absolute azimuth for at least one transmitting beam may be included in the SIB (system information block).

[0315] For example, the aforementioned SIB is received as a broadcast.

[0316] For example, the transmitting beam with the highest received power may be the transmitting beam related to the line-of-sight (LOS) between the first and second devices.

[0317] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0318] First, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to receive information about at least one transmit beam from the second device. The processor 102 of the first device 100 can then identify the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam. The processor 102 of the first device 100 can then estimate the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position. The processor 102 of the first device 100 can then control the transceiver 106 to transmit information about the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and the angle to the second device. The processor 102 of the first device 100 can then control the transceiver 106 to receive the reflected signal based on the fact that the sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object within the sensing position.

[0319] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication is provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may be performed by the at least one processor to cause the first device to: receive information from a second device regarding at least one transmit beam; identify the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; estimate the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing location; transmit to the second device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and the angle; and receive the reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing location is reflected by an object in the sensing location.

[0320] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing unit configured to control a first device is provided. For example, the processing unit may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may be executed by the at least one processor and cause the first device to: receive information from a second device regarding at least one transmit beam; identify the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; estimate the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; transmit to the second device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and the angle; and receive the reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object in the sensing position.

[0321] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium recording instructions is provided. For example, when executed, the instructions cause a first device to: receive information from a second device regarding at least one transmit beam; identify the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; estimate the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; transmit to the second device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and the angle; and cause the second device to receive the reflected signal based on the fact that the sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object in the sensing position.

[0322] Figure 19 illustrates a method by which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 19 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0323] Referring to Figure 19, in step S1910, the second device can transmit information about at least one transmitting beam to the first device. In step S1920, the second device can receive from the first device the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beam, and information about the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position. In step S1930, the second device can transmit a sensing signal to the sensing position.

[0324] For example, the transmitting beam with the highest transmit power may be the transmitting beam with the highest RSRP (reference signal received power) among the at least one transmitting beam.

[0325] For example, the position and orientation of the object can be estimated based on the time difference between the time of reception of the signal associated with the transmitting beam with the highest transmission power and the time of reception of the signal reflected by the object.

[0326] For example, the position and orientation of the object can be estimated based on an ellipse determined based on the time difference between the time of reception of the signal associated with the transmitting beam with the highest transmission power and the time of reception of the signal reflected by the object.

[0327] For example, the second device can receive from the first device the index of the beam with the second-highest transmission power among the at least one transmission beam, after the transmission beam with the highest transmission power.

[0328] For example, the information relating to the at least one transmit beam may include a beam index for the at least one transmit beam.

[0329] For example, the transmission of information regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest transmission power may be for bistatic radar.

[0330] For example, the second device may be a transmitting terminal.

[0331] For example, the second device could be a base station.

[0332] For example, the information relating to the at least one transmitting beam may include a beam index for the at least one transmitting beam and information relating to the mapping relationship between absolute azimuths for the at least one transmitting beam.

[0333] For example, information regarding the mapping relationship between the beam index for the at least one transmitting beam and the absolute azimuth for the at least one transmitting beam is included in the SIB (system information block).

[0334] For example, the aforementioned SIB can be received as a broadcast.

[0335] For example, the SIB may be received as a broadcast. For example, the transmit beam with the highest transmit power may be the transmit beam associated with the LOS (line-of-sight) between the first and second devices.

[0336] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can control the transceiver 206 to transmit information about at least one transmit beam to the first device. The processor 202 of the second device 200 can then control the transceiver 206 to receive from the first device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beam, and the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position. The processor 202 of the second device 200 can then control the transceiver 206 to transmit a sensing signal to the sensing position.

[0337] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication is provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may be configured to transmit to the first device information about at least one transmit beam; receive from the first device information about the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beams and the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and a sensing position; and cause the sensing position to transmit a sensing signal.

[0338] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing unit configured to control a second device is provided. For example, the processing unit may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor for storing instructions. For example, the instructions may be configured to: transmit information about at least one transmit beam to the first device, based on that the instructions are executed by the at least one processor; receive from the first device information about the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beams and the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and cause the sensing position to transmit a signal for sensing.

[0339] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium recording instructions is provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a second device to: transmit information to a first device about at least one transmit beam; receive from the first device information about the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beam and the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and a sensing position; and cause the sensing position to transmit a signal for sensing.

[0340] Various embodiments of this disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0341] The following describes devices to which various embodiments of this disclosure apply.

[0342] Without limit, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation diagrams disclosed in this document can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0343] The following provides more specific examples with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, unless otherwise specified, the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks can be illustrated by the same reference numerals in the same drawings.

[0344] Figure 20 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 20 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0345] Referring to Figure 20, the communication system (1) to which various embodiments of this disclosure apply includes wireless equipment, base stations, and networks. Here, wireless equipment means equipment that communicates using wireless connectivity technologies (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long term evolution)), and can be called communication / wireless / 5G equipment. However, wireless equipment can include, but is not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1, 100b-2, XR (eXtended Reality) equipment 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, IoT (Internet of Things) equipment 100f, and AI equipment / servers 400. For example, vehicles can include vehicles equipped with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Here, a vehicle can include a UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) (e.g., a drone) and / or an AV (Aerial Vehicle) (e.g., an AAM (Advanced Air Mobility)). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Mobile devices can include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices can include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be implemented as wireless devices, and certain wireless devices 200a can operate as base stations / network nodes with other wireless devices.

[0346] Here, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology is an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and can be implemented as standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Furthermore, or generally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this specification can communicate based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology is an example of LPWAN technology and is called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Furthermore, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this specification may include, or generally may not include, at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies, which take low-power communication into consideration. For example, Zigbee technology can generate personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and is known by various names.

[0347] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to the network 300 via the base station 200. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via the base station 200 / network 300, but they can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Furthermore, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0348] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c can be performed between wireless devices 100a-100f / base station 200 and between base stations 200 / base station 200. Here, wireless communication / connection can be performed via uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations 150c (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul), or various other wireless connectivity technologies (e.g., 5G NR)). Wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals from each other via wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, at least some of the following can be performed based on the various proposals of this disclosure: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0349] Figure 21 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 21 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0350] Referring to Figure 21, the first radio device 100 and the second radio device 200 can transmit and receive radio signals via various radio connectivity technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {first radio device 100, second radio device 200} can correspond to {radio device 100x, base station 200} and / or {radio device 100x, radio device 100x} in Figure 20.

[0351] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106 and be configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signals via the transceiver 106. Alternatively, the processor 102 may receive a wireless signal containing second information / signals via the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be linked to the processor 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, memory 104 may store software code that includes instructions for executing some or all of the processes controlled by processor 102, or for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, processor 102 and memory 104 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). Transceiver 106 may be coupled with processor 102 and may transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or receiver. Transceiver 106 may be used in combination with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In this disclosure, wireless equipment may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0352] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202, one or more memories 204, and may further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206 and be configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signals via the transceiver 206. Alternatively, the processor 202 may receive a wireless signal containing fourth information / signals via the transceiver 206 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be linked to the processor 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, memory 204 may store software code containing instructions for executing some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202, or for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, processor 202 and memory 204 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). Transceiver 206 may be coupled with processor 202 and may transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or receiver and may be used in combination with an RF unit. In this disclosure, wireless equipment may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0353] The hardware elements of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. However, one or more protocol layers can be embodied by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can embodied one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (Service Data Units) by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate messages, control information, data, or information by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102, 202 can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) containing PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by means of the functions, procedures, suggestions, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide them to one or more transceivers 106, 206. One or more processors 102, 202 can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106, 206 and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0354] One or more processors 102, 202 are referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102, 202 can be embodied by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), one or more DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), one or more PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or one or more FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) may be included in one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be embodied using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be embodied to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented by one or more processors 102, 202, or stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and driven by one or more processors 102, 202, with firmware or software configured to execute them. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0355] One or more memory units 104, 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memory units 104, 204 can consist of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer read / store media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memory units 104, 204 can be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102, 202. Furthermore, one or more memory units 104, 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0356] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the methods and / or operational flowcharts, etc., described herein to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts, etc., disclosed herein from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 to transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices. Furthermore, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be connected to one or more antennas 108, 208 and configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas 108, 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 can convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed using one or more processors 102, 202, from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106, 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0357] Figure 22 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmitted signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment in Figure 22 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0358] Referring to Figure 22, the signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. However, it is not limited to these, and the operation / function of Figure 22 can be performed by the processors 102, 202 and / or transceivers 106, 206 of Figure 21. The hardware elements of Figure 22 can be embodied by the processors 102, 202 and / or transceivers 106, 206 of Figure 21. For example, blocks 1010-1060 can be embodied by the processors 102, 202 of Figure 21. Also, blocks 1010-1050 can be embodied by the processors 102, 202 of Figure 21, and block 1060 can be embodied by the transceivers 106, 206 of Figure 21.

[0359] The codeword can be converted into a radio signal via the signal processing circuit 1000 in Figure 22. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of information blocks. The information blocks may include transmission blocks (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The radio signal can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0360] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1010. The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include the ID information of the radio equipment. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulated symbol sequence by the modulator 1020. The modulation scheme can include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulated symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper 1030. The modulated symbol of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port (ra) by the precoder 1040 (precoding). The output z of the precoder 1040 is obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1030 by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transformation) on the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0361] The resource mapper 1050 can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1060 may include an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) module, a CP (Cyclic Prefix) inserter, a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter), a frequency uplink converter, and the like.

[0362] In wireless equipment, the signal processing process for a received signal can be configured as the reverse of the signal processing processes 1010-1060 in Figure 22. For example, wireless equipment (e.g., 100, 200 in Figure 21) can receive wireless signals from an external source via an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal via a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descramble process. The codeword can be restored to the original information block through decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0363] Figure 23 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device can be implemented in a variety of forms depending on the use-example / service (see Figure 20). The embodiment in Figure 23 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0364] Referring to Figure 23, the wireless devices 100 and 200 correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 in Figure 21 and can be composed of various elements, components, units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and an additional element 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and transceivers (etc.) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include one or more processors 102, 202 and / or one or more memories 104, 204 in Figure 21. For example, the transceivers (etc.) 114 may include one or more transceivers 106, 206 and / or one or more antennas 108, 208 in Figure 21. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional element 140 and controls the various operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 can control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / instructions / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 can also transmit the information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit 110, or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0365] The additional element 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 140 may include at least one of the following: a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a drive unit, and a computing unit. However, wireless devices can be embodied in forms such as robots (100a in Figure 20), vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2 in Figure 20), XR devices (100c in Figure 20), mobile devices (100d in Figure 20), home appliances (100e in Figure 20), IoT devices (100f in Figure 20), digital broadcasting terminals, hologram devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices (400 in Figure 20), base stations (200 in Figure 20), and network nodes. Depending on the use-example / service, wireless devices may be mobile or used in a fixed location.

[0366] In Figure 23, the various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can be interconnected as a whole via a wired interface, or at least some of them can be connected wirelessly via the communication unit 110. For example, within the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired interface, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be connected wirelessly via the communication unit 110. Furthermore, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may consist of a collection of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 120 may consist of a collection of a communication control processor, an application processor, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, and so on. As another example, the memory unit 130 may consist of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0367] The following provides a more detailed explanation of the example shown in Figure 23, with reference to other drawings.

[0368] Figure 24 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glass), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop computer). The portable device may be referred to as an MS (Mobile Station), UT (user terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), or WT (Wireless terminal). The embodiment in Figure 24 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0369] Referring to Figure 24, the portable device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an input / output unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be composed of a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110-130 / 140a-140c correspond to blocks 110-130 / 140 in Figure 23, respectively.

[0370] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit 120 can control the components of the portable device 100 and perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / code / instructions necessary to operate the portable device 100. The memory unit 130 can also store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit 140a supplies power to the portable device 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit 140b can support the connection of the portable device 100 with other external devices. The interface unit 140b may include various ports for connection with external devices (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports). The input / output unit 140c can receive and output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from the user. The input / output section 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input section, display section 140d, speaker and / or haptic module, etc.

[0371] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit 140c acquires information / signals input from the user (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 converts the information / signals stored in memory into a radio signal and can transmit the converted radio signal directly to other radio devices or to a base station. Furthermore, after receiving a radio signal from another radio device or base station, the communication unit 110 can restore the received radio signal to its original information / signal. The restored information / signal is stored in the memory unit 130 and can then be output via the input / output unit 140c in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic).

[0372] Figure 25 shows a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. The embodiment in Figure 25 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0373] Referring to Figure 25, the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be composed of part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 in Figure 23, respectively.

[0374] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit 140a can make the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 travel on the ground. The drive unit 140a may include an engine, motor, powertrain, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, collision sensor, wheel sensor, speed sensor, tilt sensor, weight detection sensor, heading sensor, position module, vehicle forward / reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies such as maintaining a lane while driving, automatically adjusting speed like adaptive cruise control, automatically driving along a predetermined route, and automatically setting a route and driving when a destination is set.

[0375] For example, the communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit 120 can control the drive unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction adjustment). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 can acquire the latest traffic information data from the external server non-periodically and acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Also, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit 110 can transmit information such as vehicle position, autonomous driving route, and driving plan to the external server. The external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on the information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and can provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0376] The claims described herein can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims herein can be combined and embodied in an apparatus, and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and embodied in a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and embodied in an apparatus, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and embodied in a method.

[0377] [Claims when filing an international application] [Claim 1] A method performed by a first device in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving information about at least one transmitting beam from a second device; A step of identifying the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; A step of estimating the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; The steps of transmitting information to the second device regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest received power; and A method comprising: receiving a reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing location is reflected by an object within the sensing location; [Claim 2] The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting beam with the highest received power is the transmitting beam with the highest RSRP (reference signal received power) among the at least one transmitting beam. [Claim 3] The method according to claim 1, wherein the position and orientation of the object are estimated based on the time difference between the time of reception of the signal associated with the transmitting beam with the greatest received power and the time of reception of the signal reflected off the object. [Claim 4] The method according to claim 1, wherein the position and orientation of the object are estimated based on an ellipse determined based on the time difference between the time of reception of the signal associated with the transmitting beam with the greatest received power and the time of reception of the signal reflected off the object. [Claim 5] The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of transmitting to the second device the index of the beam with the next highest received power after the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beam. [Claim 6] The method according to claim 1, wherein the information relating to the at least one transmit beam includes a beam index for the at least one transmit beam. [Claim 7] The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmission of information regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the greatest received power is for bistatic radar. [Claim 8] The method according to claim 1, wherein the second device is a transmitting terminal. [Claim 9] The method according to claim 1, wherein the second device is a base station. [Claim 10] The method according to claim 6, wherein the information relating to the at least one transmitting beam includes a beam index for the at least one transmitting beam and information relating to a mapping relationship between absolute azimuths for the at least one transmitting beam. [Claim 11] The method according to claim 10, wherein information relating to the mapping relationship between the beam index for the at least one transmitting beam and the absolute azimuth for the at least one transmitting beam is included in the SIB (system information block). [Claim 12] The method according to claim 11, wherein the SIB is received as a broadcast. [Claim 13] The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting beam with the highest received power is the transmitting beam related to the line-of-sight (LOS) between the first device and the second device. [Claim 14] A first device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions; The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the first device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of receiving information about at least one transmitting beam from a second device; A step of identifying the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; A step of estimating the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; The steps of transmitting information to the second device regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest received power; and The first apparatus includes the step of receiving a reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second apparatus to the sensing position is reflected by an object in the sensing position. [Claim 15] A processing device configured to control the first device, at least one processor; and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions; The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the first device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of receiving information about at least one transmitting beam from a second device; A step of identifying the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; A step of estimating the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; The steps of transmitting information to the second device regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest received power; and A processing apparatus comprising the step of receiving a reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing location is reflected by an object in the sensing location. [Claim 16] A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the first device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, A step of receiving information about at least one transmitting beam from a second device; A step of identifying the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; A step of estimating the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; The steps of transmitting information to the second device regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest received power; and A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium comprising the steps of: receiving a reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing location is reflected by an object within the sensing location; [Claim 17] A method performed by a second device in a wireless communication system, A step of transmitting information about at least one transmit beam to the first device; The first device receives information from the first device regarding the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beams and the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and A method comprising the steps of transmitting a sensing signal to the sensing location. [Claim 18] A second device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions; The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the second device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of transmitting information about at least one transmit beam to the first device; The first device receives information from the first device regarding the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beams and the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and A second apparatus comprising the step of transmitting a sensing signal to the sensing location. [Claim 19] A processing device configured to control a second device, at least one processor; and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions; The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the second device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of transmitting information about at least one transmit beam to the first device; The first device receives information from the first device regarding the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beams and the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and A processing apparatus comprising the step of transmitting a signal for sensing to the sensing location. [Claim 20] A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the second device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, A step of transmitting information about at least one transmit beam to the first device; The first device receives information from the first device regarding the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beams and the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium comprising the steps of: transmitting a signal for sensing to the sensing location;

Claims

1. A method performed by a first device in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving information about at least one transmitting beam from a second device; A step of identifying the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; A step of estimating the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; A step of transmitting information to the second device regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest received power; and A method comprising: receiving a reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object within the sensing position;

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting beam with the highest received power is the transmitting beam with the highest RSRP (reference signal received power) among the at least one transmitting beam.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the position and orientation of the object are estimated based on the time difference between the time of reception of the signal associated with the transmitting beam with the greatest received power and the time of reception of the signal reflected off the object.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the position and orientation of the object are estimated based on an ellipse determined based on the time difference between the time of reception of the signal associated with the transmitting beam with the greatest received power and the time of reception of the signal reflected off the object.

5. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of transmitting to the second device the index of the beam with the next highest received power after the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beam.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information relating to the at least one transmitting beam includes a beam index for the at least one transmitting beam.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmission of information regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the greatest received power is for bistatic radar.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second device is a transmitting terminal.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second device is a base station.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the information relating to the at least one transmitting beam includes a beam index for the at least one transmitting beam and information relating to a mapping relationship between absolute azimuths for the at least one transmitting beam.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein information relating to the mapping relationship between the beam index for the at least one transmitting beam and the absolute azimuth for the at least one transmitting beam is included in the system information block (SIB).

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the SIB is received as a broadcast.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting beam with the highest received power is the transmitting beam related to the LOS (line-of-sight) between the first device and the second device.

14. A first device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions; The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the first device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of receiving information about at least one transmitting beam from a second device; A step of identifying the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; A step of estimating the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; A step of transmitting information to the second device regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest received power; and The first apparatus includes the step of receiving a reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second apparatus to the sensing position is reflected by an object within the sensing position.

15. A processing apparatus configured to control the first device, at least one processor; and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions; The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the first device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of receiving information about at least one transmitting beam from a second device; A step of identifying the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; A step of estimating the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; A step of transmitting information to the second device regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest received power; and A processing apparatus comprising the step of receiving a reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object in the sensing position.

16. A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the first device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, A step of receiving information about at least one transmitting beam from a second device; A step of identifying the transmit beam with the highest received power from among the at least one transmit beam; A step of estimating the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; A step of transmitting information to the second device regarding the index and angle of the transmitting beam with the highest received power; and A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium comprising the steps of: receiving a reflected signal based on the fact that a sensing signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing location is reflected by an object within the sensing location;

17. A method performed by a second device in a wireless communication system, A step of transmitting information about at least one transmit beam to the first device; The first device receives information from the first device regarding the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beams and the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and A method comprising the steps of: transmitting a sensing signal to the sensing location.

18. A second device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions; The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the second device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of transmitting information about at least one transmit beam to the first device; The first device receives information from the first device regarding the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beams and the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and A second apparatus comprising the step of transmitting a sensing signal to the sensing location.

19. A processing device configured to control a second device, at least one processor; and The system comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions; The instruction is executed by at least one processor, causing the second device to perform an operation. The aforementioned operation is, A step of transmitting information about at least one transmit beam to the first device; The first device receives information from the first device regarding the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beams and the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and A processing apparatus comprising the step of transmitting a signal for sensing to the sensing location.

20. A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The aforementioned instruction, when executed, causes the second device to perform an action. The aforementioned operation is, A step of transmitting information about at least one transmit beam to the first device; The first device receives information from the first device regarding the index of the transmitting beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmitting beams and the angle between the transmitting beam with the highest received power and the sensing position; and A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium comprising the steps of: transmitting a signal for sensing to the sensing location;

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