Access methods, terminal devices, and network devices

Abstract

This application relates to an access method, a terminal device, a network device, a chip, a processor, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a computer program, and a communication system. The access method includes the step of a terminal device determining an access priority of the terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device, wherein the access priority is used to determine relevant information for accessing a network device. Embodiments of this application can improve the success rate of data transmission by a terminal device.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically to an access method, a terminal device, a network device, a chip, a processor, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a computer program, and a communication system. BACKGROUND ART

[0002] A terminal device implements uplink transmission by competing for resources through a random access mechanism, and can provide resources for the terminal device to perform uplink transmission even when the network does not grasp the data cache or transmission requirements of the terminal device. Therefore, the random access mechanism can reduce signaling overhead and delay associated with network scheduling. However, random access by a large number of terminal devices may cause collisions. It is necessary to consider how to optimize the access mechanism and improve the success rate of data transmission by terminal devices. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Embodiments of the present application provide an access method, a terminal device, a network device, a chip, a processor, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a computer program, and a communication system capable of optimizing a random access mechanism.

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide An access method, comprising: determining, by a terminal device, an access priority of the terminal device based on device information of the terminal device, wherein the access priority is used for determining related information for accessing a network device.

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide The network device provides an access method comprising the step of transmitting first trigger information, the first trigger information being used to trigger a terminal device to access the network device based on the terminal device's access priority, the access priority being determined based on the terminal device's device information.

[0006] The embodiments of this application are as follows: The present invention provides a terminal device comprising a first processing module for determining the access priority of a terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device, wherein the access priority includes a first processing module used to determine relevant information for accessing a network device.

[0007] The embodiments of this application are as follows: The present invention provides a network device comprising a second processing module for transmitting first trigger information, the first trigger information being used to trigger a terminal device to access a network device based on the terminal device's access priority, and the access priority being determined based on the terminal device's device information.

[0008] Embodiments of the present invention provide a terminal device comprising a transceiver, a processor, and memory. The memory is used to store computer programs, the transceiver is used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to call and execute the computer programs stored in the memory so that the terminal device can perform the access method described above.

[0009] Embodiments of the present invention provide a network device comprising a transceiver, a processor, and memory. The memory is used to store computer programs, the transceiver is used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to call and execute the computer programs stored in the memory so that the network device can perform the access methods described above.

[0010] The embodiment of the present invention provides a chip for realizing the above-described access method.

[0011] Specifically, the chip includes a processor used to call and execute computer programs from memory and to cause the device to which the chip is attached to perform the access method described above.

[0012] Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform the access method described above.

[0013] Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product including a computer program directive, which causes a computer to perform the above-described access method.

[0014] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program that, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the above-described access method.

[0015] An embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system comprising a terminal device and a network device for performing the above-described access method.

[0016] In the embodiments of this invention, the access priority of terminal devices may differ depending on the device information, and by performing access based on their own access priority, the success rate of data transmission by terminal devices can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0017] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the application scenario according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic flowchart of the access method according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of the method for determining the backoff window in one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] It is a schematic diagram of a first random number determination method in an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5] It is a schematic diagram of a resource set in an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] It is a schematic flowchart of an access method according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] It is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] It is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] It is a schematic block diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10] It is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 11] It is a schematic block diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 12] It is a schematic block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Hereinafter, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0019] The technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is applicable to various communication systems, for example, Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) systems that perform scheduling, New Radio (NR) systems, evolved systems of NR systems, LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) systems, NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) systems, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), 5th-Generation (5G) communication systems, 6th-Generation (6G) communication systems, or other communication systems.

[0020] Generally, conventional communication systems have a limited number of supported connections and are easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, mobile communication systems not only support conventional communication, but also support, for example, Device to Device (D2D) communication, Machine to Machine (M2M) communication, Machine Type Communication (MTC) communication, Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication, or Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication, and the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to these communication systems.

[0021] In one embodiment, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a carrier aggregation (CA) scenario, a dual connectivity (DC) scenario, or a standalone (SA) network configuration scenario.

[0022] In one embodiment, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, and the unlicensed spectrum can be considered a shared spectrum, or the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a licensed spectrum, and the licensed spectrum can be considered a non-shared spectrum.

[0023] The embodiments of the present application describe embodiments relating to network devices and terminal devices, and terminal devices may also be called user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile platform, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user equipment.

[0024] Terminal devices are stations (STA) in a WLAN. T This may include ION (or STA), mobile phones, cordless phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) devices, handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, terminal equipment in next-generation communication systems such as NR networks, or terminal equipment in future evolving public land mobile network (PLMN) networks.

[0025] In the embodiments of the present invention, the terminal device can be deployed indoors or outdoors, on land including handheld, wearable, or vehicle-mounted devices, on water (e.g., on a ship), or in the air (e.g., on an aircraft, balloon, satellite).

[0026] In the embodiments of this application, the terminal device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transmission and reception capabilities, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical care, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, or a wireless terminal device in a smart home.

[0027] As an example, and not an limitation, in the embodiments of this application, the terminal device may be a wearable device. A wearable device, also known as a wearable smart device, is a general term for wearable devices that are intelligently designed and developed for everyday wear using wearable technology, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not merely hardware devices, but achieve powerful functionality through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Wearable smart devices in a broad sense include large, full-featured devices that can achieve all or part of their functionality without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches and smart glasses, and devices that focus only on specific application functions and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present invention, the network device may be a device for communicating with a mobile device, and the network device may be an access point (AP) in a WLAN, an evolutionary node B (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, or a relay station or access point, or an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, and a network device (gNB) in an NR network, or a network device in a future evolving PLMN network or an NTN network, etc.

[0029] As an example, and not an limitation, in the embodiments of this application, the network device may have mobile characteristics; for example, the network device may be a mobile device. Optionally, the network device may be a satellite or a balloon station. For example, the satellite may be a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite, or a high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite. Optionally, the network device may be a base station located on land, in a body of water, or elsewhere.

[0030] In the embodiments of the present invention, a network device provides services to a cell, and a terminal device can communicate with the network device via the transmission resources (e.g., frequency domain resources or spectrum resources) used by the cell. The cell may be a cell corresponding to a network device (e.g., a base station), and the cell may belong to a macro base station or to a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cell here may include a metro cell, micro cell, pico cell, femto cell, etc. These small cells have the characteristics of a small coverage range and low transmission power, and are suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.

[0031] Figure 1 illustrates a communication system 100. The communication system comprises one network device 110 and two terminal devices 120. In one embodiment, the communication system 100 may include a plurality of network devices 110, and the coverage of each network device 110 may include another number of terminal devices 120, and is not limited to this in the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] In one embodiment, the communication system 100 may further include other network entities such as a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), but is not limited to these in the embodiments of the present application.

[0033] Here, the network device may further include an access network device and a core network device. That is, the wireless communication system further includes a plurality of core networks for communicating with the access network device. The access network device may be an evolutionary node B (may be abbreviated as eNB or e-NodeB), macro base station, micro base station (also called "small base station"), pico base station, access point (AP), transmission point (TP), or new generation base station (new generation Node B, gNodeB) in a long-term evolution (LTE) system, next-generation (NR) system, or authorized auxiliary access long-term evolution (LAA-LTE) system.

[0034] In the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that devices having communication functions in a network / system may be called communication devices. Taking the communication system shown in Figure 1 as an example, the communication device may comprise a network device and terminal devices having communication functions, and the network device and terminal devices may be the specific devices in the embodiments of this application, which are not described here. The communication device may include, and is not limited to, other devices in the communication system, such as other network entities, such as a network controller or a mobility management entity.

[0035] It should be understood that the terms “system” and “network” as used herein are often used synonymously. The terms “and / or” as used herein are merely expressions that describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three types of relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can indicate three situations: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Also, the letter “ / ” as used herein usually indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an “or” relationship.

[0036] It should be understood that the "instruction" referred to in the embodiments of this application may be direct instruction, indirect instruction, or indicate a related relationship. For example, A instructing B may indicate that A directly instructs B, for example, B may obtain it through A; or A may indicate that A indirectly instructs B, for example, that A instructs C, B may obtain it through C, or it may indicate a related relationship between A and B.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "correspondence" may indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, a related relationship between the two, or a relationship such as instruction and directed, or setting and setting.

[0038] To facilitate understanding of the technical proposal of the embodiments of this application, related technologies of the embodiments of this application are described below. The following related technologies can be optionally combined with the technical proposal of the embodiments of this application as optional solutions, and all of them fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0039] (1) Cellular Passive IoT With the increasing application of 5G in the industry, the types of connected devices and application scenarios are also becoming more diverse, and the demands on the price and power consumption of communication terminals are also increasing. The application of battery-less, low-cost passive IoT devices will become a core technology for cellular IoT, enriching the types and number of terminals in 5G networks and truly realizing the Internet of Everything. Here, passive IoT devices can be extended to be applied to cellular IoT based on existing zero-power consumption technologies.

[0040] (ii) Classification of zero-power consumption terminals Based on the energy source and usage method of zero-power consumption terminals, zero-power consumption terminals can be classified into the following types.

[0041] (1) Passive zero power consumption terminal Zero-power terminals do not need to have a built-in battery. When a zero-power device approaches a network device, it is within the near-field range formed by the antenna radiation of the network device, where the network device is, for example, a reader / writer for an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system. Therefore, the antenna of the zero-power device generates an induced current by electromagnetic induction, and this induced current drives the low-power chip circuit of the zero-power device. This enables operations such as demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the reverse link signal. In the case of a backscatter link, the zero-power terminal transmits signals using a backscatter realization method.

[0042] As will be clear from this, passive zero-power terminals do not need to be powered by an internal battery, whether it is a forward or reverse link, and are truly zero-power terminals.

[0043] Passive zero-power terminals do not require batteries, and their radio frequency and baseband circuits are very simple. For example, they do not require components such as LNAs (Low Noise Amplifiers), PAs (Power Amplifiers), crystal oscillators, or ADCs (Analog to Digital Converters), resulting in many advantages such as being small, lightweight, very inexpensive, and having a long lifespan.

[0044] Passive zero-power devices can also support other energy collection methods, obtaining energy to drive circuits and support communication in terminal devices by collecting energy from the environment (e.g., light energy, thermal energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, etc.).

[0045] (2) Semi-passive zero power consumption device Although the semi-passive zero-power device itself does not have a conventional battery, it can collect radio wave energy using an RF (Radio Frequency) energy collection module, or collect energy from the environment (e.g., solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical vibration energy, etc.) using an energy collection module, and simultaneously store the collected energy in an energy storage unit (e.g., a capacitor). After the energy storage unit acquires the energy, it can drive the low-power chip circuit of the zero-power device. This enables operations such as demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the reverse link signal. In the case of a backscatter link, the zero-power terminal transmits signals using a backscatter realization method.

[0046] As will be clear from this, semi-passive zero-power terminals, whether in forward or reverse link mode, do not need to be powered by an internal battery, and although the energy stored in the capacitor is used during operation, the energy originates from radio energy collected by an energy collection module, making them truly zero-power terminals.

[0047] Semi-passive zero-power terminals inherit many of the advantages of passive zero-power terminals, resulting in numerous benefits such as being small, lightweight, very inexpensive, and having a long service life.

[0048] (3) Active-zero power consumption terminals Zero-power devices used in some scenarios may be active zero-power devices, and such terminals may have a built-in battery (conventional batteries, e.g., dry cell batteries, rechargeable lithium batteries). The battery is used to power the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power terminal, enabling operations such as demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the reverse link signal. However, in the case of a backscatter link, the zero-power terminal uses a backscatter realization method to transmit signals. Therefore, the zero power consumption of such a terminal is mainly reflected in the fact that it does not require power from the terminal itself for signal transmission on the reverse link and uses a backscatter method. Active zero-power devices use batteries, but because they use ultra-low power communication technology and consume very little power, the battery life can be significantly improved compared to conventional technology.

[0049] Active-zero power consumption devices incorporate a battery to power the RFID chip, thereby increasing the tag's read and write distance and improving communication reliability. Therefore, they can be applied in certain scenarios where there are relatively high demands regarding communication distance, read latency, and other factors.

[0050] (iii) Devices based on environmental energy In NR and WiFi systems, the battery-less and low-cost nature of the devices can support low-cost, high-volume deployment and maintenance-free operation of, for example, IoT devices. How to support environmentally energy-based IoT devices in NR and WiFi systems is one of the current research directions. Environmentally energy-based IoT devices, also known as Ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices or AMP IoT (Ambient Powered IoT) devices, derive their operation from environmental energy collection, which may include radio signals, solar energy, or thermal energy. Such devices are similar to passive or semi-passive devices in zero-power communication.

[0051] Current RAN (Radio Access Network) research broadly classifies ambient IoT devices into three types, each with its own corresponding complexity and communication capabilities: Device A: It lacks energy storage capabilities and cannot transmit independent signals; that is, it employs a backscattering transmission method. Device B: It has energy storage capability and cannot transmit independent signals; that is, it employs a backscatter transmission method and can amplify the backscattered signal using the stored energy. Device C: It has energy storage capability and can transmit independent signals, i.e., it has active transmission capability.

[0052] Here, Device A has the lowest complexity and power consumption, with power consumption as low as 1 μW (microwatt), but its communication range is limited, typically only a few meters. Device A requires a carrier signal from the network equipment to perform backscattering transmission. Device C typically has a large-capacity capacitor that stores energy from the environment, can support power consumption of several hundred μW, can support active signal transmission, and has a relatively large communication range. Because Device C can perform active transmission, it does not need a carrier signal from the network equipment. The complexity and power consumption of Device B fall between Device A and Device C.

[0053] Furthermore, the environmental energy harvesting supported by zero-power terminals can include various types of energy, such as radio frequency, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy. In this case, zero-power terminals based on radio frequency energy harvesting may need to receive radio frequency energy supply signals from the network.

[0054] Ambient IoT is at least Object recognition in logistics, production line product management, supply chain management, etc. Environmental monitoring, including monitoring of temperature, humidity, and harmful gases in the work environment and natural environment. Positioning such as indoor positioning, smart object finding, and production line item positioning, and It can be used in four scenarios: smart control of various electrical appliances in a smart home (on / off air conditioner, temperature control), smart control of various facilities in an agricultural greenhouse (automatic irrigation, fertilization), and smart control of various facilities in an agricultural greenhouse.

[0055] (iv) Collision avoidance algorithm RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is a contactless automatic identification technology that uses radio frequency signals to transmit data bidirectionally between a reader and an electronic tag (hereinafter referred to as "tag"). Multiple tags can transmit data to the reader simultaneously, potentially causing signal interference, which is called a tag collision. Therefore, collision avoidance technology is necessary to solve the problem of signal interference, and the algorithm that resolves collisions is called a collision avoidance algorithm. Commonly used collision avoidance algorithms are the ALOHA algorithm and its improved versions.

[0056] (1) Pure ALOHA algorithm The pure ALOHA algorithm is the simplest random collision prevention algorithm. In the pure ALOHA algorithm, a tag randomly selects a point in time and sends data. If this tag is not recognized, i.e., a collision occurs, the tag randomly backs off for a certain period of time and then independently selects another point in time and resends data until successful.

[0057] (2) Time Slot ALOHA Algorithm Based on the pure ALOHA algorithm, people introduced the Time Slot ALOHA algorithm. The Time Slot ALOHA algorithm treats time as a series of consecutive fragments, each fragment being called a time slot. Generally, the length of a time slot is equal to or slightly greater than the data exchange time between the electronic tag and the reader. In this algorithm, the electronic tag can only send data at the start time of a time slot, so the transmission will either be successful or a complete collision. This avoids the partial collisions of the pure ALOHA algorithm and halves the collision cycle, thus doubling the system throughput compared to pure ALOHA.

[0058] (3) Frame Slot ALOHA Algorithm In response to the problems with the time slot ALOHA algorithm, people further introduced the frame slot ALOHA algorithm. A frame refers to a time period that includes several time slots. The main idea is to introduce a slot counter and deactivation command to the reader and a random number generator to the electronic tag.

[0059] Assuming each frame contains L slots, the reader's slot counter counts from 1 to L. The electronic tag's random number generator is used to generate a random number between 1 and L. The reader's slot counter starts at 1 and automatically increments by 1 each time the length of a time slot elapses. At the start of the identification process, the reader sends a command containing a slot number L to all electronic tags within its coverage range. The electronic tag's random number generator generates a random number between 1 and L, and if this random number matches the count of the reader's slot counter, the electronic tag sends data to the reader. After a tag is successfully recognized, the reader sends a deactivation command to it, removing it from the identification system until the current frame ends. After one frame is completed, the reader starts a new frame with a slot number that is still L.

[0060] However, in the Frame Slot ALOHA algorithm, if the total number of slots L is much smaller than the number of tags N, there is a very high probability that multiple tags will select the same time slot and cause a collision. If the number of slots L is much larger than the number of tags, time slots will be wasted. Therefore, a dynamic Frame Slot ALOHA algorithm was further introduced.

[0061] (4) Dynamic Frame Slot ALOHA Algorithm The dynamic frame slot ALOHA algorithm determines the number of slots to be included in the next frame based on the number of slots that correctly identify the tag and the number of slots where collisions occur. If the number of electronic tags exceeds the number of slots and excessive collisions occur, the length of the next frame is increased; conversely, if the number of electronic tags exceeds the number of slots, the length of the next frame is decreased. Optimal throughput can only be achieved by making the number of slots equal to the number of tags. However, when the number of tags is much larger than the number of slots per frame, hardware limitations restrict the increase in frame length (L_max=256), leading to an increased collision rate of electronic tags, a sharp increase in the time required to recognize electronic tags, and a sharp decrease in the system's recognition efficiency.

[0062] (5) Improved algorithm for the dynamic frame slot ALOHA algorithm To address the problem of the maximum frame length being limited in the dynamic frame slot ALOHA algorithm, we propose an improved dynamic frame slot ALOHA algorithm, the most typical improvement being grouping.

[0063] The group-based dynamic frame slot ALOHA algorithm actually borrows the concept of a deterministic collision avoidance algorithm: when the number of tags exceeds the maximum allowable value of the time slot, some tags are kept in an unresponsive state and not participate in channel competition. After the tags in a responsive state are correctly identified, the leader sends a deactivation command to them, meaning they remain unresponsive and not participate in channel competition until all tags are correctly identified.

[0064] The group-based dynamic frame slot ALOHA algorithm is as follows:

[0065] S1, based on the dynamic frame slot ALOHA algorithm, the number of tags N within the leader range is estimated. If N > 256, the leader sends a grouping command to the tags, dividing them into a standby group and a sleep group, with each group having 256 tags.

[0066] Tags in S2 and the standby group participate in the identification process, while the remaining tags are assigned to the sleep group and temporarily do not participate in the identification process.

[0067] In S3, after the current frame ends, tags in the waiting group automatically enter sleep mode, and tags in the sleeping group are automatically changed to the waiting state in sequence.

[0068] Repeat steps S2 and S3 until all group tags are identified, then return to S1.

[0069] In some application scenarios for Ambient IoT, a large number of terminal devices communicate frequently and intensively with the network. For example, in logistics and warehouse management scenarios, large volumes of goods need to be transported, stored, loaded, unloaded, and inventoryed at logistics stations and warehouses. As warehouse orders, goods receiving, goods management, and goods shipping occur, Ambient IoT needs to communicate intensively and frequently with the network, reporting, for example, goods information and positioning information stored by Ambient IoT devices. When a large number of Ambient IoT devices perform uplink transmissions in a short period of time, collisions can occur. To avoid collisions, the network can employ scheduling methods to allocate resources used by Ambient IoT devices. However, the latency and signaling overhead required for network scheduling to handle the uplink transmission demands of a large number of Ambient IoT devices is very high. At the same time, the network needs to be aware of the uplink transmission demands of Ambient IoT devices, such as cache status. This is unacceptable in terms of the latency and overhead caused by uplink feedback from a large number of Ambient IoT devices.

[0070] Uplink transmission is achieved by competing for resources via a random access mechanism, reducing signaling overhead and latency associated with network scheduling. Even if the network is unaware of the terminal's data cache or transmission requests, terminals can compete for resources and provide resources for uplink transmission. However, collisions can occur when a large number of ambient IoT devices perform random access in a short period of time. This is similar to RFID application scenarios, and ALOHA-based algorithms can be used to resolve collisions. However, the goal of current collision resolution algorithms is to ensure that terminals have a relatively fair transmission opportunity, but they cannot improve the success rate of data transmission for each terminal.

[0071] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are primarily used to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0072] Figure 2 is a schematic flowchart of an access method according to one embodiment of the present invention. This method can optionally be applied to the system shown in Figure 1, but is not limited thereto. This method includes at least some of the following:

[0073] S210, the terminal device determines the access priority of the terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device, and the access priority is used to determine the relevant information for accessing network devices.

[0074] For example, the terminal device in the embodiment of this application may be a zero-power consumption terminal, or it may include an ambient energy IoT device, and the ambient energy used may include radio frequency energy, solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, etc. From the viewpoint of energy collection, the terminal device may also be an energy harvesting device. This terminal device may also be a communication device in a WiFi or cellular network.

[0075] For example, the network device may be a device in zero-power IoT or environmentally friendly IoT, such as a base station or access point. Optionally, the network device may be a device that transmits an energy supply signal to the radio frequency energy supply.

[0076] In the embodiments of this application, it can be understood that a terminal device accessing a network device is equivalent to the terminal device transmitting data to the network device. Exemplarily, a terminal device can access a network device using a random access method. Random access randomly determines the access resource under certain windows or constraints, and can, for example, be performed based on the ALOHA algorithm and its improved algorithms as described in the embodiments above.

[0077] In embodiments of the present invention, relevant information for a terminal device to access a network device (e.g., parameters, resources, etc., for the terminal device to access the network device) may be determined by access priority. Here, access priority is determined based on the device information of the terminal device, and the device information may be unique information or status information of the terminal device.

[0078] In other words, in the embodiments of the present invention, the access priority of terminal devices may differ depending on the device information. Because the device information differs, the access capabilities of terminal devices may differ, or the requirements for the success rate of random access may differ. In the embodiments of the present invention, since different device information corresponds to different access priorities, the corresponding resources can be matched according to the capabilities or requirements of different terminal devices. Based on this, terminal devices can improve the success rate of data transmission by performing access based on their own access priority.

[0079] In some embodiments, the device information includes at least one of energy-related information, device type, and status.

[0080] For example, the above energy-related information may include information such as energy capacity and state. In some embodiments, the energy-related information of the terminal device may include at least one of the following information A to E.

[0081] A. Energy storage state Taking zero-power terminals as an example, since the energy they use to operate is derived from the environment, they often require relatively long energy collection times and have relatively short operating times. When random access resources of zero-power terminals conflict, the uplink transmission of the zero-power terminal fails, and it becomes necessary to compete for uplink resources again. In this process, the limitations of the zero-power terminal's energy storage make it impossible to support resource competition and uplink transmission attempts for relatively long periods, ultimately preventing the completion of uplink transmission within a given time. For example, in a logistics environment, if cargo passes through a conveyor belt within a limited time and information reporting cannot be completed, cargo inspections may be missed. Therefore, zero-power terminals with different energy storage states have different requirements for the success rate of random access, and zero-power terminals with less energy storage have a more urgent need for improved random access success rates. In some embodiments, the access priority of terminal devices with low energy storage states may be set relatively high.

[0082] B. Energy collection capability For example, an energy collection function may include one or more pieces of information such as the frequency bandwidth of the radio frequency signals that can be collected, the number of frequency bands, and the types of frequency bands.

[0083] Zero-power terminals with different energy collection capabilities have their operating time affected by the type of ambient energy they collect and the rate of energy collection. Zero-power terminals can perform energy collection after a collision occurs during random access, before successfully acquiring the next competing resource. Differences in energy collection capabilities mean that different zero-power terminals can support different resource competitions and uplink transmission attempts. Therefore, zero-power terminals with different energy collection capabilities have different requirements for the success rate of random access, with zero-power terminals with lower energy collection capabilities needing improved random access success rates more urgently. In some embodiments, the access priority of terminal devices with lower energy collection capabilities may be set relatively high.

[0084] C. Energy storage capacity Zero-power terminals are equipped with energy storage modules used for their operation. Different zero-power terminals may have different energy storage capabilities due to differences in size and capacity requirements. For example, when capacitors are used as energy storage modules, the capacitance of the capacitors may vary; for instance, typical capacitors can range from tens of microfibers to hundreds of microfibers. Zero-power terminals with low energy storage capabilities have lower resource contention and uplink transmission attempts they can support, and therefore require a more critical improvement in the success rate of random access. In some embodiments, the access priority of terminal devices with low energy storage capabilities may be set relatively high.

[0085] D. Intensity of the energy supply signal Taking wireless energy supply as an example, the strength of the energy supply signal received by different zero-power terminals will differ. The strength of the energy supply signal received by a zero-power terminal will vary depending on the location of the zero-power terminal, the location of the antenna, and the cause of shielding. The strength of the energy supply signal affects energy collection efficiency and energy storage state. In the process of continuous random access and uplink transmission, zero-power terminals with weaker received energy supply signal strengths are more likely to experience uplink transmission failures. Therefore, zero-power terminals with weaker received energy supply signal strengths have a higher requirement for the success rate of random access. In some embodiments, the access priority of terminal devices with weak energy supply signal strengths may be set relatively high.

[0086] E. Types of environmental energy to collect In different scenarios, zero-power terminals supporting different types of environmental energy will have different energy collection efficiencies. For example, in an outdoor daytime scenario, a zero-power terminal supporting solar energy will have relatively high energy collection efficiency. In an indoor scenario, a zero-power terminal based on radio frequency will have relatively high energy collection efficiency. In some special scenarios, zero-power terminals based on mechanical energy or thermal energy will have relatively high energy collection efficiency. Therefore, zero-power terminals supporting different types of environmental energy may have different random access priorities. For example, in an outdoor daytime scenario, the access priority of a zero-power terminal collecting solar energy may be relatively low, and in an indoor scenario, the access priority of a zero-power terminal collecting radio frequency energy may also be relatively low, as can be inferred.

[0087] The apparatus information of the embodiments of this application may include the apparatus type and / or status, in addition to energy-related information.

[0088] For example, the above device types may include functional types and application types of terminal equipment. Specifically, the network may include different types of zero-power terminals. Taking zero-power terminals of sensors as an example, a sensor that monitors fires is of high urgency and needs to have a relatively high random access priority. Other environmental monitoring sensors, such as humidity and pressure sensors, are of lower urgency and can have a relatively low random access priority. Furthermore, for example, zero-power terminals operating in high-speed moving environments (e.g., sensors applied to high-speed trains) require a relatively high random access priority to complete uplink transmission as quickly as possible because their time within network coverage is limited. Zero-power terminals operating in a stationary state (e.g., sensors applied to environmental monitoring) can have a relatively low random access priority.

[0089] For example, the above state may include various operating states of the terminal device, such as speed. For instance, the terminal device has a relatively high access priority in a high-speed state and a relatively low access priority in a low-speed state.

[0090] In some embodiments, the step in step S210 above, which determines the access priority of a terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device, may include a step in which the terminal device determines the access priority of the terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device and a first correspondence relationship, wherein the first correspondence relationship is used to determine the access priority corresponding to the device information.

[0091] For example, the first correspondence may include a correspondence between different device information and different access priorities. For instance, the first correspondence may include: an energy storage state of less than 20% corresponds to access priority 1; an energy storage state of 20% to 50% corresponds to access priority 2; an energy storage state of 50% to 80% corresponds to access priority 3; and an energy storage state of more than 80% corresponds to access priority 4, where the priority levels from 1 to 4 are in descending order.

[0092] According to the above embodiment, the terminal device autonomously determines access priority based on device information according to a pre-configured first correspondence, thereby determining resource-related information to access the network device without requiring scheduling by the network device, and avoiding scheduling delays and signaling overhead.

[0093] In some embodiments, the access method further includes the step of a terminal device determining a first parameter for accessing a network device based on access priority, wherein the first parameter relates to the terminal device's time-domain resource contention window.

[0094] The above-mentioned time-domain resource contention window can refer to the time-domain resource window on which a terminal device relies when randomly engaging in resource contention to access a network device. In some scenarios, the time-domain resource contention window can correspond to a time-domain position (for example, the backoff window size in the ALOHA algorithm corresponds to a time-domain position where the network is accessed again after a backoff due to a collision), and therefore, in some embodiments, it can be understood that a terminal device determines a first parameter related to the time-domain resource contention window for accessing a network device based on access priority, and it can also be understood that a terminal device determines a first parameter related to a time-domain position for accessing a network device based on access priority.

[0095] In some embodiments, the first parameter may include a range and / or length of values ​​for the time-domain resource contention window.

[0096] Specifically, the terminal device can determine the range of values ​​for the time-domain resource contention window based on access priority, that is, it can determine the maximum and / or minimum values ​​of the window size. For example, if the access priority is high, the terminal device may determine that the range of values ​​for the time-domain resource contention window size is 1 to L, i.e., the maximum value is L, and if the access priority is low, it may determine that the range of values ​​for the time-domain resource contention window size is 1 to N, i.e., the maximum value is N.

[0097] Alternatively, the terminal device can determine the length of the range of values ​​for this time-domain resource contention window based on access priority. For example, if the access priority is high, the terminal device may determine that the time-domain resource contention window size can take values ​​within a range of length L, and if the access priority is low, it may determine that the time-domain resource contention window size can take values ​​within a range of length L / 2.

[0098] Alternatively, the terminal device can determine the length of the range of values ​​for this time-domain resource contention window and the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the window size based on the access priority. For example, if the access priority is high, the terminal device may determine that the time-domain resource contention window size can take values ​​within the range of length L, with a minimum value of 1, i.e., within the range of 1 to L. If the access priority is low, the terminal device may determine that the time-domain resource contention window size can take values ​​within the range of length L / 2, with a minimum value of L / 2, i.e., within the range of (L / 2) to L.

[0099] Exemplary, this time-domain resource contention window includes a backoff window for terminal devices when a transmission collision occurs, and / or a first random number, which is used to determine the time-domain position at which the terminal device accesses the network device.

[0100] Specifically, this time-domain resource contention window includes the backoff window of terminal devices when a transmission collision occurs. This backoff window refers to a certain period of backoff randomly determined by each terminal device when a collision occurs during random access by multiple terminal devices. For example, in the ALOHA algorithm and its improved algorithms in the related technologies mentioned above, it is a certain period during which terminal devices randomly back off. Optionally, terminal devices can determine a range of values ​​for the backoff window based on access priority, and further randomly determine the size of this backoff window within this range, thereby achieving random backoff.

[0101] Alternatively, this time-domain resource contention window includes a first random number, or in other words, this time-domain resource contention window corresponds to a first random number. Here, the first random number is used to determine the time slot in which a terminal device accesses a network device, and is, for example, a random number determined by the terminal device within the range of the number of slots included in each frame in the frame slot ALOHA algorithm, the dynamic frame slot ALOHA algorithm, and improved algorithms thereof in the related technologies described above. Optionally, the terminal device may determine a range of values ​​for the first random number based on access priority, and further determine the first random number randomly within this range, and access the network device if the slot count value is the same as the first random number.

[0102] The terminal device can determine the first parameter in various ways. Two exemplary implementation methods are provided below.

[0103] Method 1: The step of a terminal device determining a first parameter for accessing a network device based on access priority includes the step of a terminal device determining the group to which the terminal device belongs based on priority, and the step of a terminal device determining a first parameter based on the group.

[0104] For example, in order to distinguish between different access priorities, a random access mechanism based on the ALOHA algorithm or an improved version thereof can divide zero-power terminals performing random access into different groups. These different groups correspond to different random access priorities. Therefore, a zero-power terminal can determine which group it belongs to based on the access priority corresponding to its device information. The range of values ​​for the backoff window of the conflict window corresponding to the different groups will be different.

[0105] Specifically, in order to ensure that data packets from zero-power terminals in the group with high random access priority do not collide as much as possible, the range of values ​​for the time-domain resource contention window (e.g., backoff window) corresponding to the group with high random access priority and the range of values ​​for the time-domain resource contention window corresponding to the group with low random access priority can be made different so that data packets from the group with high random access priority do not collide with data packets from the group with low random access priority.

[0106] Method 2: The terminal device determines a first parameter for accessing a network device based on access priority, and the terminal device determines the first parameter based on the terminal device's access priority and a second correspondence, the second correspondence includes a correspondence between access priority and the first parameter.

[0107] For example, the second correspondence may include a correspondence between different access priorities and different first parameters.

[0108] For example, the second correspondence is determined according to a pre-configured rule or according to network configuration information. For instance, energy storage states of less than 20%, 20% to 50%, 50% to 80%, and 80% or more can correspond to different first parameters, allowing zero-power terminals with different energy storage states to perform random access using different time-domain resource contention windows.

[0109] The following describes the technical details of how to determine the first parameter mentioned above for different types of conflict windows.

[0110] In some embodiments, when the access priority of a terminal device is higher than the first access priority, the maximum value of the backoff window size of the terminal device when a transmission collision occurs is less than or equal to the minimum value of the backoff window size corresponding to the first access priority.

[0111] Specifically, the time-domain resource contention window includes a backoff window, and the range of values ​​for the backoff window size varies depending on the access priority. Here, for high access priority, the backoff window size can be randomly selected within a range of relatively small values. For low access priority, the backoff window size can be randomly selected within a range of relatively large values.

[0112] For example, the range of values ​​for the backoff window corresponding to a group with high random access priority is 0 to N, and the selection range for the backoff window corresponding to a group with low random access priority is (N+1) to L.

[0113] As shown in Figure 3, terminal 1 in group 1 and terminal 2 in group 2 initially select the same time-domain resource and send data packets, resulting in a collision. Subsequently, terminals 1 and 2 randomly select backoff windows and retransmit data packets. Because terminal 1 has a higher access priority, it can select a relatively small numerical range, and therefore select a relatively short backoff window, resulting in a higher probability of successfully avoiding resource contention compared to terminal 2. Here, the minimum backoff window size selected by terminal 2 in group 2 may be greater than or equal to the maximum backoff window size selected by terminals in group 1, so there is no resource contention between terminals in group 2 in backoff window 1.

[0114] In some embodiments, when the access priority of a terminal device is higher than the second access priority, the maximum value within the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the terminal device is less than or equal to the minimum value within the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the second access priority.

[0115] Specifically, the time-domain resource contention window includes a first random number, and the range of values ​​for this first random number differs depending on the access priority. Here, for higher access priority, the magnitude of the first random number can be randomly selected within a relatively small range. For lower access priority, the magnitude of the first random number can be randomly selected within a relatively large range.

[0116] In the Frame Slot ALOHA algorithm and its improved algorithms, the smaller the first random number generated, the more favorably time-domain resource contention is initiated to send data packets. For example, assuming that the initial value of the network device's slot counter is 1 and the number of slots automatically increases by 1 each time the slot length elapses, the range of the first random number value for a high-access-priority zero-power terminal may be 1 to L / 2, meaning that a high-access-priority zero-power terminal can randomly generate one random number between 1 and L / 2. On the other hand, the range of the value for a low-access-priority zero-power terminal may be (L / 2+1) to L, meaning that a low-access-priority zero-power terminal can randomly generate one random number between (L / 2+1) and L. If this random number is the same as the count value of the network device's slot counter, the zero-power terminal uses a time slot to send data to the network device.

[0117] As shown in Figure 4, the access priority corresponding to group 1 is higher than the access priority corresponding to group 2, and the network device sends a resource containing eight time slots, starting the count from 1. Terminal 1 in group 1 may randomly select between 1 and 4, and terminal 2 in group 2 may randomly select between 5 and 8. One possible situation is that terminal 1 in group 1 and terminal 2 in group 2 generate random numbers 3 and 7, respectively. As is clear from this, according to the embodiment described above, terminal 1 can compete for resources earlier than terminal 2 and gain preferential access to the network device.

[0118] In some embodiments, when the access priority of a terminal device is higher than the third access priority, the length of the range of values ​​for the first random number corresponding to the terminal device is greater than the length of the range of values ​​for the first random number corresponding to the third access priority.

[0119] Specifically, by setting a relatively large range for random number generation, it is possible to increase the opportunities for zero-power terminals in high-access-priority groups to compete for resources.

[0120] For example, a zero-power terminal with high access priority can generate one random number between 1 and L, while a zero-power terminal with low random access priority can generate one random number between L / 2 and L. Thus, the zero-power terminals with high access priority can be randomly distributed across all L time slots, while the zero-power terminals with low random access priority can be randomly distributed only across L / 2 time slots.

[0121] Furthermore, for example, a zero-power terminal with high access priority can randomly generate one random number between 1 and N, while a zero-power terminal with low random access priority can randomly generate one random number between (N+1) and L, where N is greater than L / 2. Then, the zero-power terminals with high access priority can be randomly distributed across all N time slots, while the zero-power terminals with low access priority can only be randomly distributed across (LN) time slots. Since N is greater than L / 2, the zero-power terminals with high access priority have more available time slots and therefore a higher probability of successful data transmission.

[0122] As will be clear from the above embodiments, in each of the above embodiments, the terminal device determines the random access parameters based on the access priority, thereby allowing terminal devices with different device information to have different access priorities, resulting in different opportunities for resource contention depending on the different access priorities, and thereby improving the success rate of data transmission for the entire terminal device.

[0123] In some embodiments, the access method may further include the step of the terminal device determining, based on access priority, a set of resources from among a plurality of resource sets configured on the network device for the terminal device to access the network device.

[0124] In other words, in addition to improving the success rate of data packet transmission by terminal devices with high random access priority through different conflict windows, it is possible to reduce collisions and improve the success rate of data packet transmission by zero-power terminals with high random access priority by configuring terminal devices with different access priorities to engage in resource competition within different resource sets.

[0125] Specifically, network devices can configure different resource sets corresponding to different access priorities, and terminal devices can determine which resource sets are available to them from among these multiple resource sets based on their own access priority.

[0126] In the embodiments of this application, a single resource set may contain at least one resource unit (RU). Optionally, a resource set for a terminal device with a higher access priority may contain more RUs. That is, if a terminal device has a higher access priority than the fourth access priority, the number of RUs in the resource set available to the terminal device is greater than the number of RUs in the resource set corresponding to the fourth access priority. Thus, terminal devices with a higher access priority have a lower probability of collisions and a higher probability of successful transmission of data packets.

[0127] As shown in Figure 5, the network device directs multiple resource sets through trigger information, where resource set 1 includes RU1 to RU5 and resource set 2 includes RU6 to RU8. Zero-power terminals with high access priority randomly select an RU from resource set 1 and transmit data packets, while zero-power terminals with low access priority randomly select an RU from resource set 2 and transmit data packets.

[0128] In some embodiments, each RU in a resource set is determined based on at least one of frequency domain information, time domain information, and code domain information. In other words, each RU may be divided based on frequency domain resources, time domain resources, or code domain resources, or it may be divided across multiple resource domains.

[0129] Exemplary, frequency domain resources may be frequency domain bandwidths or channels, for example, different RUs may lie on different channels. For instance, in China, the 920-925 MHz frequency band might contain 20 channels with a bandwidth of 250 kHz.

[0130] In practical applications, terminal devices can perform random access based on existing ALOHA algorithms. When a terminal device selects a resource, it selects a resource from a resource set corresponding to its own access priority and sends a data packet. This allows terminal devices with different random access priorities to have different collision probabilities and success probabilities for data packet transmission.

[0131] Figure 6 is a schematic flowchart of an access method according to another embodiment of the present invention. This method can optionally be applied to the system shown in Figure 1, but is not limited thereto. This method includes at least some of the following:

[0132] S 6 10. The network device transmits first trigger information, which is used to trigger a terminal device to access the network device based on the terminal device's access priority, and the access priority is determined based on the terminal device's device information.

[0133] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the access method for a terminal device may further include the step of the terminal device receiving first trigger information, the first trigger information being used to trigger the terminal device to access a network device.

[0134] According to the above embodiment, the terminal device accesses the network based on a trigger from the network device. In this way, the network device includes several instructional pieces of information in the first trigger information, thereby allowing the terminal device to determine its access priority based on its own device information, and subsequently access the network device based on that access priority, thereby improving the success rate of data transmission.

[0135] Optionally, the first trigger information may be transmitted by the network device via broadcast, multicast, or unicast.

[0136] For example, a network device can broadcast a first trigger information so that each terminal device within the network device's coverage area randomly accesses the network device. In a logistics scenario, for instance, cargo reports cargo information based on triggers from network devices during its distribution process. Specifically, when cargo passes through the coverage area of ​​one network device, it reports information based on the trigger of that network device, and when it passes through the coverage area of ​​the next network device, it reports information again based on the trigger of the next network device. In this way, logistics information collection for cargo in transit can be achieved.

[0137] In some embodiments, the access method may further include the steps of: the terminal device sending a data packet to the network device based on access priority and first trigger information; and, upon receiving an acknowledgment (Acknowledge, ACK) for the data packet sent from the network device, the terminal device confirming that it has already accessed the network device.

[0138] Correspondingly, in some embodiments, the above access method to a network device may further include the step of the network device, upon receiving a data packet transmitted from a terminal device, sending ACK information for the data packet to the terminal device, wherein the ACK information is used to confirm that the terminal device has already accessed the network device.

[0139] According to the above embodiment, after successfully receiving a data packet transmitted from a terminal device, the network device can confirm that the terminal device has already accessed the network device by feeding back ACK information, thereby improving the reliability of communication. In some scenarios, the terminal device may be configured to determine whether or not it needs to access the network device again. For example, if the terminal device does not receive the ACK information within a certain time after transmitting the data packet, it may attempt to access the network device again.

[0140] In some embodiments, the first trigger information includes at least one of the following pieces of information F to H.

[0141] F. Identification Information Here, the identification information is used to determine whether or not the terminal device accesses the network device. Optionally, this identification information may also be used to determine whether or not the terminal device accesses the network device again after successfully accessing it.

[0142] For example, such identification information may be used to distinguish network devices.

[0143] Specifically, the network device transmits trigger information containing the same identifier within a certain time range, thereby enabling all terminal devices that pass through the coverage area of ​​the network device within this time range to access the network device. For example, in a logistics scenario, all cargo that passes through the network device reports information to the network device. That is, the access method described above further includes the step of the network device transmitting third trigger information within a first time range, wherein the third trigger information and the first trigger information contain the same identification information.

[0144] If a terminal device determines that it has successfully accessed a network device, and then receives trigger information containing the same identification information, it can confirm that the network device corresponding to that trigger information has already been accessed, and does not need to access it again. Specifically, the above access method may further include a step in which, if the terminal device receives second trigger information after accessing the network device, and the identification information in the second trigger information is the same as the identification information in the first trigger information, the terminal device does not attempt to access the network device again.

[0145] Optionally, the above access method may further include the step of the terminal device accessing the network device based on the second trigger information if the terminal device receives second trigger information after accessing the network device, and the identification information in the second trigger information is different from the identification information in the first trigger information.

[0146] Specifically, when a terminal device enters the coverage range of another network device, it receives second trigger information transmitted from the other network device. The identification information in this second trigger information is used to identify the terminal device as a different network device, allowing the terminal device to access and transmit data packets again. For example, in a logistics scenario, cargo reports cargo information through triggers from network devices during the distribution process. Due to a collision transmission, information for some cargo fails to be reported successfully. The network device can transmit trigger information containing the same identification information multiple times, so that cargo that successfully reported is no longer reported, while cargo that failed to report continues to be reported. When the cargo passes through the next network device, it receives trigger information containing different identification information than before, so it performs random access and information reporting again, thereby ensuring that all cargo reports information as it passes through each network device.

[0147] Optionally, if a terminal device receives second trigger information within a first hour after accessing a network device, and the identification information in the second trigger information is the same as the identification information in the first trigger information, it will not attempt to access the network device again. In other words, if a terminal device receives trigger information containing the same identification information again within a certain time range, it will not perform random access or data packet transmission. Conversely, if it receives trigger information containing the same identification information again outside the first hour range, the terminal device can attempt to access the network device again and transmit data packets. For example, a network device can periodically trigger information reporting from a terminal device, sending trigger information multiple times within the same period (within the first hour range), where these trigger information entries contain the same identification information, and trigger information sent at different periods contains different identification information. In this way, the terminal device can achieve periodic information reporting based on identification information.

[0148] G. Resource set information, where resource set information is used to indicate the resource set corresponding to the access priority configured on the network device.

[0149] It can be understood that the resource set information may also be resource configuration information. For example, the resource set information may include multiple resource sets configured on a network device, and these multiple resource sets may correspond to different access priorities. In this way, the terminal device determines which resource set is available from among the multiple resource sets based on the access priority.

[0150] H. First instruction information, where the first instruction information is used to instruct a first parameter for accessing a network device, corresponding to the access priority of the terminal device, and / or a set of resources corresponding to the access priority of the terminal device.

[0151] Optionally, the first instruction information may be used to indicate the first correspondence (correspondence between device information and access priority) and / or the second correspondence (correspondence between access priority and first parameter) in the embodiments described above, so that the terminal device can determine the corresponding first parameter based on the first instruction information and its own device information. Alternatively, the first instruction information may be used to indicate the correspondence between multiple resource sets and multiple priorities set on the network device, so that the terminal device can determine the available resource sets based on the first instruction information and its own device information.

[0152] As will be apparent from the present invention, embodiments of the present invention propose an access method that realizes different access priorities. The terminal device determines access parameters or resource sets based on device information such as energy state and type, thereby enabling zero-power terminals of different energy states and types to have different random access priorities and guaranteeing a success rate of data transmission for zero-power terminals.

[0153] Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device 700 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The terminal device 700 is A first processing module for determining the access priority of a terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device, the access priority may include a first processing module used to determine relevant information for accessing network devices.

[0154] In one embodiment, the device information includes at least one of energy-related information, device type, and status.

[0155] In one embodiment, the energy-related information of the terminal device is Energy storage state, Energy collection capability, Energy storage capacity, The intensity of the energy supply signal, and It includes at least one of the types of environmental energy to be collected.

[0156] In one embodiment, the state includes velocity.

[0157] In one embodiment, the first processing module 710 further Based on the device information and the first correspondence of the terminal device, the access priority of the terminal device is determined, and the first correspondence is used to determine the access priority corresponding to the device information.

[0158] In one embodiment, the first processing module 710 further Based on access priority, it is used to determine the first parameter for accessing network devices, and this first parameter is related to the time-domain resource contention window of the terminal device.

[0159] In one embodiment, the first parameter includes a range of values ​​and / or length of the time-domain resource contention window.

[0160] In one embodiment, the time-domain resource contention window is This includes a backoff window in case of a transmission collision, and / or a first random number, which is used to determine the time-domain position for accessing the network device.

[0161] In one embodiment, the first processing module 710 further Based on priority, determine the group to which the terminal device belongs. It is used to determine the first parameter based on the group.

[0162] In one embodiment, the first processing module 710 further This is used to determine the first parameter based on the access priority of the terminal device and the second correspondence, where the second correspondence includes the correspondence between the access priority and the first parameter.

[0163] In one embodiment, when the access priority of a terminal device is higher than the first access priority, the maximum value of the backoff window size of the terminal device when a transmission collision occurs is less than or equal to the minimum value of the backoff window size corresponding to the first access priority.

[0164] In one embodiment, if the access priority of the terminal device is higher than the second access priority, the maximum value within the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the terminal device is less than or equal to the minimum value within the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the second access priority.

[0165] In one embodiment, if the access priority of the terminal device is higher than the third access priority, the length of the range of values ​​for the first random number corresponding to the terminal device is greater than the length of the range of values ​​for the first random number corresponding to the third access priority.

[0166] In one embodiment, the first processing module 710 further This is used to determine which set of resources to access a network device from among multiple resource sets configured on the network device, based on access priority.

[0167] In one embodiment, each resource unit in a resource set is determined based on at least one of frequency domain information, time domain information, and code domain information.

[0168] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, the terminal device 700 further comprises a first communication module 810, and the first communication module 810 is It is used to receive the first trigger information, which is used to trigger access to the network device.

[0169] In one embodiment, the first trigger information is: Identification information, wherein the identification information is used to determine whether or not to access a network device, Resource set information, wherein resource set information is used to indicate the resource set corresponding to the access priority set configured on the network device, A first instruction information comprising at least one of the following: a first parameter for accessing a network device, corresponding to the access priority of a terminal device, and / or a first instruction information used to indicate a set of resources corresponding to the access priority of a terminal device.

[0170] In one embodiment, the first communication module 810 is further used to transmit data packets to a network device based on access priority and first trigger information. The first processing module 710 is further used to confirm that it has already accessed the network device when it receives acknowledgment information for a data packet transmitted from the network device.

[0171] In one embodiment, the first communication module 810 further includes: If a second trigger information is received after accessing a network device, and the identification information in the second trigger information differs from the identification information in the first trigger information, it is used to access the network device based on the second trigger information.

[0172] In one embodiment, the first communication module 810 further includes: This is used to prevent further access if, after accessing a network device, a second trigger is received and the identification information in the second trigger is the same as the identification information in the first trigger.

[0173] The terminal device 700 of the embodiment of the present application can implement the functions corresponding to the terminal device in the embodiment of the method described above. The processes, functions, implementation methods, and beneficial effects corresponding to each module (submodule, unit, or component, etc.) in the terminal device 700 can be described by referring to the corresponding descriptions in the embodiment of the method described above, and are therefore omitted here. Note that the functions described for each module (submodule, unit, or component, etc.) in the terminal device 700 according to the embodiment of the present application may be implemented by different modules (submodule, unit, or component, etc.) or by the same module (submodule, unit, or component, etc.).

[0174] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of a network device 900 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The network device 900 is The second communication module 910 may include a second communication module 910 for transmitting first trigger information, the first trigger information being used to trigger a terminal device to access a network device based on the terminal device's access priority, the access priority being determined based on the terminal device's device information.

[0175] In one embodiment, the first trigger information is: Identification information, wherein the identification information is used to determine whether or not a terminal device accesses a network device. Resource set information, wherein resource set information is used to indicate the resource set corresponding to the access priority set configured on the network device, A first instruction information comprising at least one of the following: a first parameter for accessing a network device, corresponding to the access priority of a terminal device, and / or a first instruction information used to indicate a set of resources corresponding to the access priority of a terminal device.

[0176] In one embodiment, the second communication module 910 further includes: When a data packet sent from a terminal device is received, it is used to send an acknowledgment to the terminal device for the data packet. This acknowledgment is used to confirm that the terminal device has already accessed the network device.

[0177] In one embodiment, the second communication module 910 further includes: It is used to transmit third trigger information within a first time range, and the third trigger information and the first trigger information contain the same identification information.

[0178] The network device 900 of the embodiment of the present application can implement the corresponding functions of the network device in the embodiment of the method described above. The processes, functions, implementation methods, and beneficial effects corresponding to each module (submodule, unit, or component, etc.) in the network device 900 can be found in the corresponding descriptions in the embodiment of the method described above, and are therefore omitted here. Note that the functions described for each module (submodule, unit, or component, etc.) in the network device 900 according to the embodiment of the present application may be implemented by different modules (submodules, units, or components, etc.) or by the same module (submodule, unit, or component, etc.).

[0179] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the communication device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1000 includes a processor 1010, which can call and execute a computer program from memory to enable the communication device 1000 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0180] In one embodiment, the communication device 1000 may further include a memory 1020. Here, the processor 1010 can call and execute a computer program from the memory 1020 to enable the communication device 1000 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0181] Here, the memory 1020 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1010, or it may be integrated into the processor 1010.

[0182] In one embodiment, the communication device 1000 may further include a transceiver 1030, and the processor 1010 can control this transceiver 1030 to communicate with other devices, specifically by transmitting information and data to other devices and receiving information and data transmitted from other devices.

[0183] Here, the transceiver 1030 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1030 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0184] In one embodiment, the communication device 1000 may be a network device of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1000 can perform the corresponding processes realized by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application, which are omitted here for brevity.

[0185] In one embodiment, the communication device 1000 may be a terminal device of the embodiment of the present application, and this communication device 1000 can implement the corresponding process implemented by the terminal device in each method of the embodiment of the present application, and for the sake of brevity, such explanation is omitted here.

[0186] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the chip 1100 according to an embodiment of the present application. This chip 1100 includes a processor 1110, which can call and execute a computer program from memory to realize the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0187] In one embodiment, the chip 1100 may further include a memory 1120. Here, the processor 1110 can call and execute a computer program from the memory 1120 to realize the method executed by the terminal device or network device in the embodiment of the present application.

[0188] Here, the memory 1120 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1110, or it may be integrated into the processor 1110.

[0189] In one embodiment, the chip 1100 may further include an input interface 1130, where the processor 1110 can control this input interface 1130 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically to acquire information or data transmitted by other devices or chips.

[0190] In one embodiment, the chip 1100 may further include an output interface 1140, where the processor 1110 can control this output interface 1140 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0191] In one embodiment, the chip is applicable to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can perform the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application, which are omitted here for brevity.

[0192] In one embodiment, the chip can be applied to a terminal device in an embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding process implemented by the terminal device in each method of the embodiment of the present application, which for the sake of brevity will be omitted here.

[0193] The chips applied to the network device and the terminal device may be the same chip or different chips.

[0194] It should be understood that the chips referred to in the embodiments of this application are also called system-level chips, system chips, chip systems, or system-on-a-chip.

[0195] The processors mentioned above may be general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. Here, the general-purpose processors mentioned above may be microprocessors, or any conventional processor, etc.

[0196] The memory mentioned above may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or it may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Of these, non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM).

[0197] The above description of memory is illustrative and not an exhaustive description. For example, the memory in the embodiments of this application may be static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (synch link DRAM, SLDRAM), and direct Rambus random access memory (Direct Rambus RAM, DR RAM). In other words, the memory in the embodiments of this application includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0198] Figure 12 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 1200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This communication system 1200 comprises a terminal device 700 and a network device 900.

[0199] The terminal device 700 determines its access priority based on its device information, and this access priority is used to determine the relevant information for accessing the network device 900.

[0200] The network device 900 transmits first trigger information, which is used to trigger terminal device 700 to access the network device 900 based on the access priority of terminal device 700, and the access priority is determined based on the device information of terminal device 700.

[0201] Here, the terminal device 700 may be used to implement the corresponding function realized by the terminal device in the above method, and the network device 900 may be used to implement the corresponding function realized by the network device in the above method. For the sake of brevity, the explanation is omitted here.

[0202] In the embodiments described above, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part as a computer program product. This computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions in the embodiments of the present application are generated. This computer may be a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. These computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, these computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, radio, microwave, etc.). These computer-readable storage mediums may be any available medium accessible to a computer, or they may be data storage devices such as servers or data centers that integrate one or more available media. These available media may include magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid state drives (SSDs)).

[0203] In the various embodiments of this application, the magnitude of the number of each process does not indicate the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic. It should be understood that the implementation processes of the embodiments of this application should not be limited in any way.

[0204] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the specific operating processes of the systems, apparatus, and units described above refer to the corresponding processes in the method embodiments described above, and for the sake of convenience and brevity of explanation, such explanations are omitted here.

[0205] The above describes only specific embodiments of the present application; however, the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto, and any modification or substitution that any person skilled in the art could easily conceive within the technical scope disclosed herein should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of this application should be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. Access method, An access method comprising the steps of determining the access priority of a terminal device based on device information of the terminal device, wherein the access priority is used to determine relevant information for accessing a network device.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device information includes at least one of energy-related information, device type, and status.

3. The energy-related information of the aforementioned device information is, Energy storage state, Energy collection capability, Energy storage capacity, The intensity of the energy supply signal, and The method according to claim 2, comprising at least one of the types of environmental energy to be collected.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the state includes speed.

5. The step of a terminal device determining the access priority of the terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device is: The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the terminal device determines the access priority of the terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device and a first correspondence relationship, the first correspondence relationship being used to determine the access priority corresponding to the device information.

6. The aforementioned method, The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the terminal device determines a first parameter for accessing a network device based on the access priority, the first parameter further comprising the step of relating to the time-domain resource contention window of the terminal device.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first parameter includes a range and / or length of the value of the time-domain resource contention window.

8. The aforementioned time-domain resource contention window is The method according to claim 6 or 7, comprising a backoff window for the terminal device when a transmission collision occurs, and / or a first random number, the first random number being used to determine the time-domain position at which the terminal device accesses the network device.

9. The step of the terminal device determining a first parameter for accessing the network device based on the access priority is as follows: The terminal device includes the step of determining the group to which the terminal device belongs based on the priority, The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the terminal device comprises the step of determining the first parameter based on the group.

10. The step of the terminal device determining a first parameter for accessing the network device based on the access priority is as follows: The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the terminal device determines the first parameter based on the access priority and second correspondence of the terminal device, the second correspondence includes a correspondence between the access priority and the first parameter.

11. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein, when the access priority of the terminal device is higher than the first access priority, the maximum value of the backoff window size of the terminal device when a transmission collision occurs is less than or equal to the minimum value of the backoff window size corresponding to the first access priority.

12. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein, when the access priority of the terminal device is higher than the second access priority, the maximum value within the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the terminal device is less than or equal to the minimum value within the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the second access priority.

13. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein, when the access priority of the terminal device is higher than the third access priority, the length of the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the terminal device is greater than the length of the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the third access priority.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising the step of determining a set of resources for the terminal device to access the network device from a plurality of resource sets configured on the network device based on the access priority.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein each resource unit in the resource set is determined based on at least one of frequency domain information, time domain information, and code domain information.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising the step of the terminal device receiving first trigger information, wherein the first trigger information is used to trigger the terminal device to access the network device.

17. The first trigger information described above is Identification information, wherein the identification information is used to determine whether or not the terminal device accesses the network device. Resource set information, wherein the resource set information is used to indicate the resource set corresponding to the access priority set configured on the network device, The method according to claim 16, wherein the first instruction information includes at least one of a first parameter for accessing a network device corresponding to the access priority of the terminal device, and / or a set of resources corresponding to the access priority of the terminal device.

18. The terminal device transmits a data packet to the network device based on the access priority and the first trigger information. The method according to claim 16 or 17, further comprising the step of confirming that the terminal device has already accessed the network device when it receives acknowledgment information for the data packet transmitted from the network device.

19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising the step that if the terminal device receives second trigger information after accessing the network device, and the identification information in the second trigger information is different from the identification information in the first trigger information, the terminal device accesses the network device based on the second trigger information.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, further comprising the step that if the terminal device receives second trigger information after accessing the network device, and the identification information in the second trigger information is the same as the identification information in the first trigger information, the terminal device does not access the network device again.

21. Access method, An access method comprising the steps of: a network device transmits first trigger information, the first trigger information being used to trigger a terminal device to access the network device based on the terminal device's access priority, the access priority being determined based on the terminal device's device information.

22. The first trigger information described above is Identification information, wherein the identification information is used to determine whether or not the terminal device accesses the network device. Resource set information, wherein the resource set information is used to indicate the resource set corresponding to the access priority set configured on the network device, The method according to claim 21, wherein the first instruction information includes at least one of a first parameter for accessing the network device, which corresponds to the access priority of the terminal device, and / or a set of resources, which corresponds to the access priority of the terminal device.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein, upon receiving a data packet transmitted from the terminal device, the network device further comprises the step of transmitting acknowledgment information for the data packet to the terminal device, wherein the acknowledgment information is used to confirm that the terminal device has already accessed the network device.

24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, further comprising the step of transmitting a third trigger information within a first time range, wherein the third trigger information and the first trigger information include the same identification information.

25. A terminal device, A terminal device comprising a first processing module for determining the access priority of the terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device, wherein the access priority includes a first processing module used to determine relevant information for accessing a network device.

26. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the device information includes at least one of energy-related information, device type, and status.

27. The energy-related information of the aforementioned device information is, Energy storage state, Energy collection capability, Energy storage capacity, The intensity of the energy supply signal, and The terminal device according to claim 2, comprising at least one of the types of environmental energy to be collected.

28. The terminal device according to claim 26 or 27, wherein the state includes speed.

29. The first processing module further, A terminal device according to any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein the terminal device is used to determine the access priority of the terminal device based on the device information of the terminal device and a first correspondence relationship, and the first correspondence relationship is used to determine the access priority corresponding to the device information.

30. The first processing module further, The method according to any one of claims 25 to 29, used to determine a first parameter for accessing a network device based on the access priority, wherein the first parameter relates to the time-domain resource contention window of the terminal device.

31. The terminal device according to claim 30, wherein the first parameter includes a range and / or length of the value of the time-domain resource conflict window.

32. The aforementioned time-domain resource contention window is The terminal device according to claim 30 or 31, comprising a backoff window in the event of a transmission collision and / or a first random number, the first random number being used to determine a time-domain position for accessing the network device.

33. The first processing module further, Based on the aforementioned priority, the group to which the terminal device belongs is determined, The method according to any one of claims 30 to 32, used to determine the first parameter based on the group.

34. The first processing module further, The method according to any one of claims 30 to 32, used to determine the first parameter based on the access priority of the terminal device and the second correspondence relationship, wherein the second correspondence relationship includes the correspondence relationship between the access priority and the first parameter.

35. The terminal device according to any one of claims 30 to 34, wherein, when the access priority of the terminal device is higher than the first access priority, the maximum value of the backoff window size of the terminal device when a transmission collision occurs is less than or equal to the minimum value of the backoff window size corresponding to the first access priority.

36. The terminal device according to any one of claims 30 to 35, wherein, when the access priority of the terminal device is higher than the second access priority, the maximum value within the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the terminal device is less than or equal to the minimum value within the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the second access priority.

37. The terminal device according to any one of claims 30 to 36, wherein if the access priority of the terminal device is higher than the third access priority, the length of the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the terminal device is greater than the length of the range of values ​​of the first random number corresponding to the third access priority.

38. The first processing module further, A terminal device according to any one of claims 25 to 37, used to determine a resource set for accessing a network device from among a plurality of resource sets configured on the network device, based on the access priority.

39. The terminal device according to claim 38, wherein each resource unit in the resource set is determined based on at least one of frequency domain information, time domain information, and code domain information.

40. The terminal device further includes a first communication module, and the first communication module is A terminal device according to any one of claims 25 to 39, which is used to receive first trigger information, the first trigger information being used to trigger access to a network device.

41. The first trigger information described above is Identification information, wherein the identification information is used to determine whether or not to access the network device, Resource set information, wherein the resource set information is used to indicate the resource set corresponding to the access priority set configured on the network device, The terminal device according to claim 40, wherein the first instruction information includes at least one of a first parameter for accessing a network device corresponding to the access priority of the terminal device, and / or a first instruction information used to instruct a set of resources corresponding to the access priority of the terminal device.

42. The first communication module is further used to transmit data packets to the network device based on the access priority and the first trigger information. The terminal device according to claim 40 or 41, wherein the first processing module is further used to confirm that the network device has already been accessed when it receives affirmative confirmation information for the data packet transmitted from the network device.

43. The first communication module further, The terminal device according to claim 42, which, after accessing the network device, receives a second trigger information, and if the identification information in the second trigger information is different from the identification information in the first trigger information, is used to access the network device based on the second trigger information.

44. The first communication module further, The terminal device according to claim 42 or 43, which is used to prevent further access if it receives a second trigger information after accessing the network device and the identification information in the second trigger information is the same as the identification information in the first trigger information.

45. Network device, A network device comprising a second processing module for transmitting first trigger information, wherein the first trigger information is used to trigger a terminal device to access the network device based on the access priority of the terminal device, and the access priority is determined based on the device information of the terminal device.

46. The first trigger information described above is Identification information, wherein the identification information is used to determine whether or not the terminal device accesses the network device. Resource set information, wherein the resource set information is used to indicate the resource set corresponding to the access priority set configured on the network device, The network device according to claim 45, wherein the first instruction information includes at least one of a first parameter for accessing the network device, which corresponds to the access priority of the terminal device, and / or a set of resources, which corresponds to the access priority of the terminal device.

47. The aforementioned second communication module further, The network device according to claim 46, wherein when it receives a data packet transmitted from the terminal device, it is used to transmit acknowledgment information for the data packet to the terminal device, and the acknowledgment information is used to confirm that the terminal device has already accessed the network device.

48. The aforementioned second communication module further, A terminal device according to any one of claims 45 to 47, used to transmit third trigger information within a first time range, wherein the third trigger information and the first trigger information include the same identification information.

49. A terminal device comprising a transceiver, a processor, and memory, wherein the memory is used to store computer programs, the transceiver is used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to call and execute computer programs stored in the memory to cause the terminal device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

50. A network device comprising a transceiver, a processor, and memory, wherein the memory is used to store computer programs, the transceiver is used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to call and execute the computer programs stored in the memory to cause the network device to perform the method according to any one of claims 21 to 24.

51. A chip comprising a processor that calls and executes a computer program from memory and causes a device to which the chip is attached to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

52. A chip comprising a processor that calls and executes a computer program from memory and causes a device to which the chip is attached to perform the method according to any one of claims 21 to 24.

53. A computer-readable storage medium used for storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 20.

54. A computer-readable storage medium used for storing a computer program, wherein, when executed by a device, the computer program causes the device to perform the method described in any one of claims 21 to 24.

55. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions for causing a computer to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 20.

56. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions for causing a computer to perform the method described in any one of claims 21 to 24.

57. A computer program that causes a computer to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 20.

58. A computer program that causes a computer to perform the method described in any one of claims 21 to 24.

59. A terminal device for performing the method described in any one of claims 1 to 20, A communication system comprising a network device for performing the method according to any one of claims 21 to 24.

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