Apparatus and method for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities

Abstract

A device for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis includes a signal interface (101) for receiving a first signal measured using an accelerometer that indicates cardiac acceleration and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, and a second signal measured using a gyroscope that indicates cardiac rotation and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest. The device also includes a processing system (102) configured to form a first descriptor value that represents the characteristics of the first signal and a second descriptor value that represents the same characteristics of the second signal, and to set a display signal output by the device to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality depending on the situation in which the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value relate to each other and indicate a cardiac abnormality.

Description

[[TECHNICAL FIELD]]

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to generating information indicative of cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or other heart diseases. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for generating information indicative of cardiac abnormalities. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a method, system, and computer program for generating information indicative of cardiac abnormalities. [[BACKGROUND ART]]

[0002] Abnormalities that may occur in the cardiovascular system can progressively reduce the ability of the cardiovascular system to maintain blood flow that meets the needs of an individual's body when left undiagnosed and without appropriate treatment and / or therapy, especially when the individual encounters physical stress. For example, aortic stenosis occurs when the aortic valve narrows, preventing blood from flowing normally. Aortic stenosis is usually caused by arteriosclerosis, which results in the accumulation of calcium on the aortic valve over time. These calcium deposits, which often occur with advancing age, make the valve tissue hard, narrow, and inflexible. A patient's condition can range from mild to severe. Over time, aortic stenosis causes the left ventricle of the heart to pump more forcefully to push blood through the narrowed aortic valve. This additional load can cause the left ventricle to hypertrophy, enlarge, and weaken. When left undiagnosed and without appropriate treatment and / or therapy, this form of valvular heart disease can lead to heart failure.

[0003] Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficient blood or cannot fill itself with sufficient blood. Heart failure can result from hardening, thickening, or thinning of the individual chambers of the heart, or dysfunction of the heart valves. Heart failure can also occur due to infections or other diseases that damage heart tissue.

[0004] Atrial fibrillation is an irregular, often rapid heart rate caused by the atria of the heart beating out of sync with the ventricles. Atrial fibrillation can cause fatigue and can lead to blood clots, stroke, or even death, and can last a lifetime.

[0005] Cardiovascular imaging techniques are typically used when aortic valve abnormalities, such as aortic stenosis, are suspected. These techniques include, for example, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cardiac catheterization, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and computed tomography (CT) scans. An inherent drawback of these imaging techniques is that they typically require expensive equipment and specialized operators. Therefore, there is a need for technologies that can generate information indicating cardiac abnormalities, such as aortic stenosis, without requiring expensive equipment and specialized operators. [Overview of the project]

[0006] The following is a simplified overview to provide a basic understanding of several aspects of various embodiments of the invention. This overview is not a detailed description of the invention. It is not intended to identify any important or essential elements of the invention or to define its scope. The following overview merely presents some of the concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0007] The present invention provides a novel apparatus for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities, including but not limited to aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. The apparatus according to the present invention is A signal interface for receiving a first signal, which indicates cardiac acceleration and is measured using an accelerometer having mechanical contact with the individual's chest, and a second signal, which indicates cardiac rotation and is measured using a gyroscope having mechanical contact with the individual's chest, It comprises a processing system coupled to a signal interface.

[0008] The processing system is A first descriptor value is formed that represents the characteristics of the first signal, and a second descriptor value is formed that represents the same characteristics of the second signal, and, The device is configured to set the display signal output by the device to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, such as aortic valve stenosis, depending on the relationship between the first and second descriptor values.

[0009] The indicator signal may be transmitted to an individual and may be an instruction to seek treatment and / or advice from a healthcare provider. Alternatively or in combination, the indicator signal may be transmitted to a healthcare provider and may be an indication of the presence of a cardiac abnormality in the individual. The indicator signal may include cardiac measurement data transmitted to the healthcare provider.

[0010] Empirical data show that many cardiac abnormalities, such as aortic stenosis, affect cardiac acceleration measured using an accelerometer in a different way than cardiac rotation measured using a gyroscope. Therefore, an indication of a cardiac abnormality can be formed by comparing a given characteristic of cardiac rotation with the same characteristic of cardiac acceleration. The characteristics of cardiac rotation and cardiac acceleration may be, for example, the intensity of cardiac rotation and cardiac acceleration, such as power, energy, amplitude, or similar, or the peak-to-average ratio of cardiac rotation and cardiac acceleration, or any other characteristic that is affected differently by the cardiac abnormality depending on whether it is related to cardiac acceleration or cardiac rotation.

[0011] It should be noted that, when the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are viewed in relation to each other, i.e., in a mutual relationship, conditions indicating cardiac abnormality can be detected in many ways. For example, it is possible to check whether the ratio of the first descriptor value to the second descriptor value is outside the range of values ​​corresponding to healthy cases or inside the range of values ​​corresponding to cases with cardiac abnormality, or to check whether the absolute value of the difference between the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value is above or below a limit normalized or scaled according to the first descriptor value and / or the second descriptor value. It is also possible to consider the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value as coordinates of a geometric point in a two-dimensional geometric plane and check whether this geometric point is outside the geometric region in the geometric plane corresponding to healthy cases or inside the geometric region corresponding to cases with cardiac abnormality. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to any particular method for detecting the above conditions indicating cardiac abnormality, such as aortic stenosis, when the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are viewed in relation to each other, i.e., in a mutual relationship.

[0012] The device may include a sensor system, including an accelerometer and a gyroscope, to measure the signals indicating cardiac acceleration and cardiac rotation. It should be emphasized that the signal interface may also be configured to receive these signals from an external device equipped with a suitable sensor system; that is, the device does not necessarily need to have means for measuring the signals indicating cardiac acceleration and cardiac rotation. The device may be, for example, a smartphone or other handheld device equipped with a gyroscope and an accelerometer. The device may be placed on the individual's chest to measure the signals generated by the heartbeat. The device may include, for example, a patch or wearable sensor that can come into contact with the individual's chest when the individual is lying face down. The device may be a smartphone, such as an Apple iPhone®, Android® phone, Google Pixel phone, Motorola phone, or other type of smartphone. The device may include a healthcare provider device or other handheld medical device.

[0013] In this document, the term "gyroscope" encompasses various types of sensors for measuring angular rotation. A gyroscope may, for example, be a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based on the Coriolis force effect acting on a reciprocating rotating object. In this document, the term "accelerometer" encompasses various types of sensors for measuring acceleration of lateral linear motion. An accelerometer may, for example, be a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based on the law of inertia. Note that the terms "first" and "second," used in relation to signals measured using accelerometers and gyroscopes, and in relation to descriptor values ​​that represent the characteristics of accelerometer signals and the same characteristics of gyroscope signals, are merely labels and do not include any indication of measurement operations, etc., and these labels may be replaced or substituted with other labels such as "acc" and "gyro" without changing the subject matter.

[0014] The value ranges corresponding to the healthy cases described above can be determined based on empirical data collected from patient and healthy control groups. The limits of the value ranges do not necessarily have to be constant; these limits may vary depending on the individual being studied, over time, and / or due to any other factors. It is also possible to define multiple value ranges, each representing a specific probability of aortic stenosis or other cardiac abnormalities.

[0015] The present invention also provides a novel first computer implementation system for detecting cardiac abnormalities or the risk of having cardiac abnormalities in an individual. The first computer implementation system is A sensor device configured to be placed in contact with an individual's chest and to measure the movement of the individual's chest, A processing system comprising (i) calculating one or more parameters related to cardiac abnormalities from measured chest movements of an individual, and (ii) detecting the presence of or risk of having a cardiac abnormality based on the calculated one or more parameters, wherein the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis.

[0016] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor device further comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

[0017] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the sensor device is provided inside a smartphone.

[0018] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, measuring the movement of an individual's chest includes measuring the acceleration, rotation, or both of the individual's heart from a sensor device placed on the individual's chest.

[0019] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, one or more parameters describe cardiac acceleration, cardiac rotation, or both.

[0020] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, cardiac abnormalities further include valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or any combination thereof.

[0021] The present invention also provides a novel second computer implementation system for detecting cardiac abnormalities or the risk of having cardiac abnormalities in an individual. The second computer implementation system is A processing system configured to process accelerometer signals based on measurements using an accelerometer and gyroscope signals based on measurements using a gyroscope, wherein the processing includes comparing the accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals with one or more adjustable, predetermined cardiac abnormality threshold data values. The output unit comprises an output unit configured to make a signal available to a user, the signal including an indication that the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal are greater than one or more cardiac abnormality threshold data values.

[0022] A second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment further comprises a sensor device.

[0023] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor device further comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

[0024] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals are collected from the movement of the individual's chest.

[0025] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the accelerometer signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of acceleration measured from an individual.

[0026] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the gyroscope signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of rotation measured from an individual.

[0027] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system is further configured to compare the gyroscope signal with the accelerometer signal to generate a ratio output indicating the ratio of the gyroscope signal to the accelerometer signal.

[0028] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system is further configured to compare one or more thresholds with the relative output.

[0029] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the output further includes an indication of the presence of a cardiac abnormality, an indication of the risk of cardiac abnormality, or an indication that the user should contact a healthcare provider.

[0030] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the cardiac abnormality includes aortic valve stenosis.

[0031] The present invention also provides a novel method for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic valve stenosis. The method according to the present invention is: Receiving a first signal, measured using an accelerometer that indicates cardiac acceleration and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, Receiving a second signal, measured using a gyroscope that shows cardiac rotation and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, To form a first descriptor value that represents the characteristics of the first signal and a second descriptor value that represents the same characteristics of the second signal, This includes setting a display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, depending on the relationship between the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value, which indicates a cardiac abnormality such as aortic valve stenosis.

[0032] The present invention also provides a novel first computer implementation method for detecting cardiac abnormalities or the risk of having cardiac abnormalities in an individual. The first computer implementation method is: Using a sensor device placed on the individual's chest, the movement of the individual's chest is measured, Calculating one or more parameters related to cardiac abnormalities from measured chest movements of an individual, The method includes detecting the presence of or risk of having a cardiac abnormality based on one or more calculated parameters, wherein the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis.

[0033] In a first computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor device comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

[0034] In a first computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the sensor device is provided inside a smartphone.

[0035] In a first computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, measuring the movement of an individual's chest includes measuring the acceleration, rotation, or both of the individual's heart from a sensor device positioned on the chest.

[0036] In a first computer implementation method in an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, one or more parameters describe cardiac acceleration, cardiac rotation, or both.

[0037] In a first computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the cardiac abnormality further includes valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or any combination thereof.

[0038] The present invention also provides a novel second computer implementation method for detecting cardiac abnormalities or the risk of having cardiac abnormalities in an individual. The second computer implementation method is: Processing accelerometer signals based on measurements using an accelerometer and gyroscope signals based on measurements using a gyroscope, the processing comprising comparing the accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals with one or more adjustable, predetermined cardiac abnormality threshold data values. Outputting a signal to a user, the signal including an indication that the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal are greater than one or more cardiac abnormality threshold data values.

[0039] A second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment further includes collecting accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals using a sensor device.

[0040] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals are collected from the movement of the individual's chest.

[0041] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the accelerometer signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of acceleration measured from an individual.

[0042] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the gyroscope signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of rotation measured from an individual.

[0043] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the processing further includes comparing the gyroscope signal with the accelerometer signal to generate a ratio output indicating the ratio of the gyroscope signal to the accelerometer signal.

[0044] A second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment further includes comparing one or more thresholds with the relative output.

[0045] A second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment further includes outputting a message indicating the presence of a cardiac abnormality, a message indicating the risk of cardiac abnormality, or a message indicating that one should contact a healthcare provider.

[0046] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis.

[0047] According to the present invention, a novel computer program for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic valve stenosis is also provided. This computer program is A first signal is received, which is measured using an accelerometer that shows cardiac acceleration and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest. A second signal is received, which is measured using a gyroscope that shows heart rotation and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest. A first descriptor value is formed that represents the characteristics of the first signal, and a second descriptor value is formed that represents the same characteristics of the second signal, and, The system includes a computer executable instruction for controlling a programmable processing system to set a display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, such as aortic stenosis, depending on the relationship between a first descriptor value and a second descriptor value.

[0048] According to the present invention, a novel computer program product is also provided. This computer program product includes, for example, a compact disc "CD" as a non-volatile computer-readable medium on which the computer program according to the present invention is encoded.

[0049] Computer-readable media, such as computer executable code, can take many forms, including but not limited to tangible storage media, carrier media, or physical transmission media. Non-volatile storage media include, for example, optical disks or magnetic disks, and any storage device in any one or more computers, which may be used to implement, for example, a database as shown in the drawings. Volatile storage media include dynamic memory such as the main memory of the computer platform. Tangible transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wires, and optical fibers, and wiring that constitutes a bus in a computer system. Carrier media can take the form of electrical signals or electromagnetic signals, or sound waves or light waves, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Therefore, common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, floppy disks, flexible disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, any other magnetic media, compact disk read-only memory "CD-ROM", digital video discs "DVD" or DVD-ROM, any other optical media, punch card paper tape, any other physical storage media using a pattern of holes, random access memory "RAM", read-only memory "ROM", programmable read-only memory "PROM" and erasable programmable read-only memory "EPROM", flash EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, carrier waves that carry data or instructions, cables or links that carry such carrier waves, or any other media from which a computer can read programming code and / or data. Many of these forms of computer-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions that are sent to a processor for execution.

[0050] The attached dependent claims describe exemplary and non-limiting embodiments.

[0051] Exemplary and non-limiting embodiments with respect to both configuration and operation will be best understood from the following description of specific exemplary embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, along with their additional purposes and advantages.

[0052] In this document, the verbs "to include" and "to contain" are used as open limitations that neither exclude nor require the existence of features not mentioned.

[0053] The features described in the attached dependent claims can be freely combined with each other unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0054] Furthermore, it should be understood that the use of "a" or "an," i.e., the singular form, throughout this document does not exclude the possibility of plurality.

[0055] The term “predetermined” means predetermined in an adjustable manner, advantageously meaning that it can be changed in real time, and advantageously meaning that it can be adjusted by the individual, healthcare provider, and / or third party whose cardiac condition is being considered.

[0056] Exemplary and non-limiting embodiments and their advantages are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0057] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary, non-exclusive embodiment of a device for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities. [Figure 2a] Figure 2a shows an exemplary waveform of a signal indicating cardiac acceleration in a normal case where the individual under study is at rest. [Figure 2b] Figure 2b shows an exemplary signal waveform indicating cardiac rotation in a normal case where the individual under study is at rest. [Figure 3a] Figure 3a shows an exemplary waveform of a signal indicating cardiac acceleration in an individual with aortic stenosis at rest. [Figure 3b] Figure 3b shows an exemplary signal waveform indicating cardiac rotation in a patient with aortic stenosis at rest. [Figure 4]Figure 4 is a flowchart of a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0058] The specific examples provided in the following description should not be construed as limiting the scope and / or applicability of the invention. The lists and groups of examples provided in the description are not exhaustive unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0059] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment of an apparatus 100 for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and / or atrial fibrillation. The apparatus includes a signal interface 101 for receiving a first signal indicating cardiac acceleration and a second signal indicating cardiac rotation. The apparatus 100 includes a processing system 102 coupled to the signal interface 101. The processing system 102 is A first descriptor value is formed that represents the characteristics of the first signal, and a second descriptor value is formed that represents the same characteristics of the second signal, and, Depending on the situation in which the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are related to each other and indicate a cardiac abnormality, the display signal output by the device 100 is configured to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality.

[0060] The first and second signals described above are generated using a sensor system 103 that includes an accelerometer and a gyroscope. In the exemplary scenario shown in Figure 1, the sensor system 103 is positioned on the chest of the individual 107. The gyroscope and accelerometer of the sensor system 103 may be separate devices, or the sensor system 103 may include, for example, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that includes both an accelerometer and a gyroscope. The sensor system 103 may be, for example, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The temporal duration of the first and second signals may be, for example, several tens of seconds to several hours, but is not necessarily limited to that. The display signals output by the device 100 may be, for example, messages displayed on the display screen of the user interface 104. The device 100 may also include the accelerometer and gyroscope of the sensor system.

[0061] In the exemplary case shown in Figure 1, the sensor system 103 is connected to the signal interface 101 via one or more data transfer links, which may be wireless or wired links. Data transfer from the sensor system 103 to the signal interface 101 may occur directly or via a data transfer network 105, such as a telecommunications network. In the exemplary case shown in Figure 1, the sensor system 103 includes a wireless transmitter. It is also possible to integrate a device including a processing device 102 with the sensor system. In this exemplary case, the signal interface is a simple wire from the sensor system to the processing device. A device with an integrated sensor system may be, for example, a smartphone or other handheld device that can be placed on the individual's chest during the measurement phase. The device may perform processing operations and include an integrated sensor system. The integrated sensor system may include a gyroscope, an accelerometer, or both. If the integrated sensor system does not include both a gyroscope and an accelerometer, an external gyroscope or external accelerometer may be used. The device may be, for example, a patch or wearable sensor that can come into contact with the individual's chest when the individual is lying face down. The device may be a smartphone, such as an Apple iPhone®, Android® phone, Google Pixel phone, Motorola phone, or other type of smartphone. The device may be a healthcare provider device or other handheld medical device. The device may include an integrated sensor system. Alternatively, the integrated sensor system may consist only of an accelerometer or gyroscope, and the device may have a wireless or wired data interface for receiving signals generated by an external gyroscope or external accelerometer.

[0062] An apparatus in an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment of the present invention is configured to record a first signal and a second signal indicating cardiac acceleration and cardiac rotation. The signals to be recorded may be measured using a time window having a fixed temporal start point and a fixed temporal end point, or using a sliding time window having a fixed temporal length and moving with elapsed time. The apparatus may include an internal storage device 106 for recording signals, and / or the apparatus may include a data port for connecting to an external storage device. The apparatus may transmit and receive data wirelessly to and from the external storage device.

[0063] Numerous methods exist for defining and forming a first descriptor value that represents the characteristics of cardiac acceleration, and a second descriptor value that represents the same characteristics of cardiac rotation. The first descriptor value may represent, for example, the intensity of a first signal, e.g., power, root mean square "RMS" value, or the maximum amplitude of the first signal. Correspondingly, the second descriptor value may represent, for example, the intensity of a second signal, e.g., power, root mean square "RMS" value, or the maximum amplitude of the second signal. Furthermore, the first descriptor value may represent the peak-to-average ratio of the first signal, and the second descriptor value may represent the peak-to-average ratio of the second signal. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to any particular method for defining and forming the first and second descriptor values.

[0064] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system 102 processes the first descriptor value S acc It is configured to be formed in proportion to the energy of the first signal, for example, in direct proportion.

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number

[0065] In an exemplary, non-limiting embodiment of the apparatus, the processing system 102 is configured to generate a first descriptor value S acc to be proportional to, for example directly proportional to, the power of the first signal. [Mathematical Expression] Furthermore, the processing system 102 is configured to generate a second descriptor value S rot to be proportional to, for example directly proportional to, the power of the second signal. [Mathematical Expression]

[0066] In an exemplary, non-limiting embodiment of the apparatus, the processing system 102 is configured to generate a first descriptor value S acc to be proportional to, for example directly proportional to, the following. [Mathematical Expression] Furthermore, the processing system is configured to generate a second descriptor value S rot to be proportional to, for example directly proportional to, the following:

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[0067] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system 102 processes the first descriptor value S acc It is configured to be formed such that it is proportional to the greatest square amplitude of the first signal, for example, directly proportional to it.

number

number

[0068] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system 102 processes the first descriptor value S acc The following signal X over consecutive heart cycles acc The peak value of X during the heart cycle, i.e., X acc It is configured to be formed in proportion to the median or arithmetic mean of the maximum values, for example, in a directly proportional manner.

number

number

[0069] Furthermore, to avoid the need to calculate the square root, the above X acc to a xi2 +a yi 2 +a zi 2 and correspondingly, X rot may be xi 2 + yi 2 + zi 2 may be used as alternative forms.

[0070] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the processing system 102 is configured to calculate the ratio S rot / S acc of a first descriptor value and a second descriptor value, determine whether the ratio is outside a predetermined range of values corresponding to healthy cases, and determine whether the first descriptor value S acc and the second descriptor value S acc are related to each other to indicate a cardiac abnormality.

[0071] In healthy cases, S rot / S acc the value range may be selected to be equal to or greater than a threshold value Q, that is, aortic stenosis is considered to be present when S rot / S acc <Q. Here, Q is based on empirical data collected from groups of patients and groups of healthy subjects. The threshold value Q is not necessarily constant, and Q may vary depending on the individual under consideration, depending on time, and / or depending on several other factors. Depending on the accelerometer and gyroscope, the threshold value Q may be, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or a value greater than 25. Correspondingly, in healthy cases, S rot / S acc the value range may be, for example, 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, 12 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more, 15 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, 18 or more, 19 or more, 20 or more, 21 or more, 22 or more, 23 or more, 24 or more, 25 or more, or a value greater than 25 or more.

[0072] An accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a first descriptor value and a second descriptor value S rot , S acc Depending on the forming method of , the threshold value Q can be a positive value, zero, or a negative value. For example, depending on the case, (αS rot +βS acc ) / S acc can have a value range of greater than or equal to zero, less than or equal to zero, greater than or equal to a certain positive number, less than or equal to a certain positive number, greater than or equal to a certain negative number, or less than or equal to a certain negative number, where α and β are constant coefficients.

[0073] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the processing system 102 is configured to maintain value ranges each respectively representing a specific probability of a cardiac abnormality, for example aortic stenosis. The processing system 102 is configured to, in accordance with a situation where the ratio of the first descriptor value to the second descriptor value S rot / S acc belongs to one or more value ranges, set a display signal to represent the highest probability among the probabilities of cardiac abnormality associated with said one or more value ranges. The value ranges may be defined, for example, as follows. Value range 1: 0 < S rot / S acc < R1, and the probability of aortic stenosis is P1%. Value range 2: 0 < S rot / S acc <r2>The probability of R1 aortic stenosis is P2%. <P1%である。 Value range 3:0 rot / S acc <r3>The probability of R2 aortic valve stenosis is P3%. <P2%である。 Value range 4:0 rot / S acc <r4>R3, probability of aortic stenosis is P4% <P3%である。

[0074] Each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 can be obtained based on empirical data collected from patient and healthy control groups. Correspondingly, each of P1, P2, P3, and P4 can be obtained based on empirical data collected from patient and healthy control groups. One or more of the values ​​of R1, R2, R3, and R4 do not necessarily have to be constant, and one or more of these values ​​may vary depending on the individual being studied, over time, and / or depending on several other factors. Depending on the accelerometer and gyroscope, R1 can be, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or greater than 25. Correspondingly, R2 can be a value greater than, for example, R1+1, R1+2, ..., or R1+25, R3 can be a value greater than, for example, R2+1, R2+2, ..., or R2+25, and R4 can be a value greater than, for example, R3+1, R3+2, ..., or R3+25.

[0075] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system 102 processes a first descriptor value and a second descriptor value S rot S acc Depending on the situation in which the two descriptors are related and indicate a cardiac abnormality, the device is configured to set the display signal output by the device to represent the presence of aortic valve stenosis, for example, the ratio S of the first descriptor value to the second descriptor value. rot / S acc However, this occurs when the value is detected to be outside the predetermined range corresponding to healthy individuals.

[0076] The processing system 102 may be implemented by, for example, one or more processor circuits, each of which may be a programmable processor circuit with appropriate software, such as a dedicated hardware processor such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a configurable hardware processor such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The storage device 106 may be implemented by, for example, one or more memory circuits, each of which may be, for example, a random access memory (RAM) device.

[0077] A first computer implementation system for detecting a cardiac abnormality or risk of having a cardiac abnormality in an individual, according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, A sensor device configured to be placed in contact with an individual's chest and to measure the movement of the individual's chest, A processing system comprising (i) calculating one or more parameters related to cardiac abnormalities from measured chest movements of an individual, and (ii) detecting the presence of or risk of having a cardiac abnormality based on the calculated one or more parameters, wherein the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis.

[0078] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor device further comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

[0079] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the sensor device is provided inside a smartphone.

[0080] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, measuring the movement of an individual's chest includes measuring the acceleration, rotation, or both of the individual's heart from a sensor device placed on the individual's chest.

[0081] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, one or more parameters describe cardiac acceleration, cardiac rotation, or both.

[0082] In a first computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, cardiac abnormalities further include valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or any combination thereof.

[0083] A second computer implementation system for detecting a cardiac abnormality or risk of having a cardiac abnormality in an individual, according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, A processing system configured to process accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals, the processing of which includes comparing the accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals with one or more adjustable, predetermined cardiac anomaly threshold data values, The output unit comprises an output unit configured to make a signal available to a user, the signal including an indication that the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal are greater than one or more cardiac abnormality threshold data values.

[0084] A second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment further comprises a sensor device.

[0085] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor device further comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

[0086] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals are collected from the movement of the individual's chest.

[0087] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the accelerometer signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of acceleration measured from an individual.

[0088] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the gyroscope signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of rotation measured from an individual.

[0089] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system is further configured to compare the gyroscope signal with the accelerometer signal to generate a ratio output indicating the ratio of the gyroscope signal to the accelerometer signal.

[0090] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system is further configured to compare one or more thresholds with the ratio output.

[0091] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the output further includes an indication of the presence of a cardiac abnormality, an indication of the risk of cardiac abnormality, or an indication that the user should contact a healthcare provider.

[0092] In a second computer implementation system according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the cardiac abnormality includes aortic valve stenosis.

[0093] Figure 4 shows a flowchart of a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and / or atrial fibrillation. The method is as follows: Operation 401: Receiving a first signal measured using an accelerometer that indicates cardiac acceleration and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, Operation 402: Receiving a second signal, measured using a gyroscope that shows heart rotation and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, Operation 403: Forming a first descriptor value that represents the characteristics of the first signal and a second descriptor value that represents the same characteristics of the second signal, Operation 404: Includes setting a display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, depending on the situation in which the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are related to each other and indicate a cardiac abnormality.

[0094] The indicator signal may represent an instruction to contact a healthcare provider. Alternatively, or in combination, the indicator signal may be transmitted to a healthcare provider to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality. The indicator signal may be cardiac measurement data transmitted to a healthcare provider.

[0095] A method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment includes determining whether the ratio of a first descriptor value to a second descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case, thereby determining whether the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value indicate a cardiac abnormality in relation to each other.

[0096] A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes measuring the first and second signals from an individual's chest using an accelerometer and a gyroscope. Another method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes reading these signals from a storage device, in which case the signals have been measured and recorded in the storage device beforehand. A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes receiving the signals from an external data transfer system. Therefore, measurement is not an essential or necessary step in the methods according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0097] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, a first descriptor value is proportional to the intensity of a first signal, and a second descriptor value is proportional to the intensity of a second signal. The first descriptor value may be proportional to, for example, the power, energy, amplitude, or similar of the first signal. Correspondingly, the second descriptor value may be proportional to, for example, the power, energy, amplitude, or similar of the second signal.

[0098] In a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the first descriptor value is proportional to the median of the peak values ​​of a first signal over consecutive heart cycles, and the second descriptor value is proportional to the median of the peak values ​​of a second signal over consecutive heart cycles.

[0099] In a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the first descriptor value is proportional to the arithmetic mean of the peak values ​​of a first signal over consecutive heart cycles, and the second descriptor value is proportional to the arithmetic mean of the peak values ​​of a second signal over consecutive heart cycles.

[0100] In a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the first descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-average ratio of the first signal, and the second descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-average ratio of the second signal.

[0101] A method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment includes setting a display signal to indicate the presence of aortic stenosis, depending on the situation in which the ratio of a first descriptor value to a second descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

[0102] A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes maintaining a range of values, each representing a specific probability of a cardiac anomaly, such as aortic stenosis. The method includes setting a display signal to represent the highest probability of a cardiac anomaly associated with one or more of these ranges, depending on the situation in which the ratio of a first descriptor value to a second descriptor value falls into one or more of these ranges.

[0103] A first computer implementation method for detecting a cardiac abnormality or risk of having a cardiac abnormality in an individual, according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, Using a sensor device placed on the individual's chest, the movement of the individual's chest is measured, Calculating one or more parameters related to cardiac abnormalities from measured chest movements of an individual, The method includes detecting the presence of or risk of having a cardiac abnormality based on one or more calculated parameters, wherein the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis.

[0104] In a first computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor device comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

[0105] In a first computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the sensor device is provided inside a smartphone.

[0106] In a first computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, measuring the movement of an individual's chest includes measuring the acceleration, rotation, or both of the individual's heart from a sensor device positioned on the chest.

[0107] In a first computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, one or more parameters describe cardiac acceleration, cardiac rotation, or both.

[0108] In a first computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the cardiac abnormality further includes valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or any combination thereof.

[0109] A second computer implementation method for detecting a cardiac abnormality or risk of having a cardiac abnormality in an individual, according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, Processing accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals, the processing comprising comparing the accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals with one or more adjustable, predetermined cardiac anomaly threshold data values, Outputting a signal to a user, the signal including an indication that the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal are greater than one or more cardiac abnormality threshold data values.

[0110] A second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment further includes collecting accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals using a sensor device.

[0111] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals are collected from the movement of the individual's chest.

[0112] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the accelerometer signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of acceleration measured from an individual.

[0113] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the gyroscope signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of rotation measured from an individual.

[0114] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the processing further includes comparing the gyroscope signal with the accelerometer signal to generate a ratio output indicating the ratio of the gyroscope signal to the accelerometer signal.

[0115] A second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment further includes comparing one or more thresholds with the ratio output.

[0116] A second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment further includes outputting a message indicating the presence of a cardiac abnormality, a message indicating the risk of cardiac abnormality, or a message indicating that one should contact a healthcare provider.

[0117] In a second computer implementation method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis.

[0118] A computer program in an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment includes computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processing system to perform a method according to any of the exemplary and non-exclusive embodiments presented above.

[0119] A computer program according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes a software module for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and / or atrial fibrillation. The software module is A first signal is received, which is measured using an accelerometer that shows cardiac acceleration and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest. A second signal is received, which is measured using a gyroscope that shows heart rotation and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest. A first descriptor value is formed that represents the characteristics of the first signal, and a second descriptor value is formed that represents the same characteristics of the second signal, and, The system includes a programmable computer executable instruction for controlling a programmable processing system to set a display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, depending on the situation in which the first and second descriptor values ​​are related to each other and indicate a cardiac abnormality such as aortic stenosis, such as when the ratio of the first descriptor value to the second descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

[0120] A software module may be, for example, a subroutine or function implemented using an appropriate programming language and a compiler suitable for that programming language and the programmable processing system under consideration. It is also worth noting that source code corresponding to an appropriate programming language also represents a computer executable software module, because the source code contains the information necessary to control the programmable processing system and perform the actions described above, and compilation only changes the format of that information. Furthermore, since the programmable processing system may have an interpreter, source code implemented in an appropriate programming language may not need to be compiled before execution.

[0121] A computer program product according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes, for example, a compact disc ("CD") on which the computer program according to the embodiment of the present invention is encoded.

[0122] A computer-readable medium according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment contains a computer program according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0123] Computer-readable media, such as computer executable code, can take many forms, including but not limited to tangible storage media, carrier media, or physical transmission media. Non-volatile storage media include, for example, optical disks or magnetic disks, and any storage device in any one or more computers, which may be used to implement, for example, a database as shown in the drawings. Volatile storage media include dynamic memory such as the main memory of the computer platform. Tangible transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wires, and optical fibers, and wiring that constitutes a bus in a computer system. Carrier media can take the form of electrical signals or electromagnetic signals, or sound waves or light waves, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Therefore, common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, floppy disks, flexible disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, any other magnetic media, compact disk read-only memory "CD-ROM", digital video discs "DVD" or DVD-ROM, any other optical media, punch card paper tape, any other physical storage media using a pattern of holes, random access memory "RAM", read-only memory "ROM", programmable read-only memory "PROM" and erasable programmable read-only memory "EPROM", flash EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, carrier waves that carry data or instructions, cables or links that carry such carrier waves, or any other media from which a computer can read programming code and / or data. Many of these forms of computer-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions that are sent to a processor for execution.

[0124] Signals according to exemplary and non-limiting embodiments are encoded to carry information defining a computer program according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0125] (example) Figure 2a shows the waveform of the first signal 221, which represents cardiac acceleration, in a normal case where the individual under study is at rest, and Figure 2b shows the waveform of the second signal 222, which represents cardiac rotation. In the exemplary case shown in Figure 2a, the first signal 221 is measured using a triaxial accelerometer at time t i The first signal 221 in is defined as follows:

number

number

[0126] Figure 3a shows the waveform of the first signal 321, which represents cardiac acceleration, in the case of an individual with aortic stenosis at rest, and Figure 3b shows the waveform of the second signal 322, which represents cardiac rotation. The first signal 321 and the second signal 322 are measured using a triaxial accelerometer and a triaxial gyroscope, and are defined according to equations 11 and 12 presented above, respectively.

[0127] In Figures 2a to 3b, the dashed lines 223, 224, 323, and 324 represent the median peak values ​​of the first and second signals over consecutive heart cycles, respectively. As discussed above, these medians are the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value S. rot S acc It can be used as such. The median is advantageous because it is resistant to noise and outliers.

[0128] The ratio of medians related to cardiac acceleration, shown in Figures 2a and 3a, is 0.46 / 0.099 ≈ 4.6, while the ratio of medians related to cardiac rotation, shown in Figures 2b and 3b, is 3.06 / 2.07 ≈ 1.48. Therefore, as shown in Figures 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b, aortic stenosis increases the median peak of cardiac acceleration more strongly than the median peak of cardiac rotation. Hence the above ratio S rot / S acc This can be used as an indicator of aortic valve stenosis.

[0129] In the exemplary normal cases shown in Figures 2a and 2b, ratio S rot / S acc The ratio is 2.07 / 0.099 ≈ 20.9. In the case of exemplary aortic stenosis shown in Figures 3a and 3b, the corresponding ratio S rot / S acc The ratio is 3.06 / 0.46 ≈ 6.65. S in healthy individuals rot / S acc The range of values ​​can be selected such that, for example, it is 14 or greater, i.e., S rot / S acc Aortic valve stenosis is considered to be present if the result is <14.

[0130] Figures 2a to 3b also show that aortic stenosis increases the peak-to-mean ratio of cardiac acceleration shown in Figures 2a and 3a more strongly than the peak-to-mean ratio of cardiac rotation shown in Figures 2b and 3b. Therefore, the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value S rot S acc This could be the peak-to-average ratio of the first signal and the second signal.

[0131] As mentioned earlier in this document, value ranges respectively representing the specific probability of a cardiac abnormality such as aortic stenosis can be defined. Depending on the situation where the ratio of a first descriptor value to a second descriptor value falls within one or more of the value ranges, the display signal may be configured to represent the highest probability among the probabilities of cardiac abnormality associated with said one or more value ranges. In the exemplary case shown in FIGS. 2a to 3b, the above value ranges may be defined, for example, as follows. Value range 1: 0 < S rot / S acc <7, the probability of aortic stenosis is P1%. Value range 2: 0 < S rot / S acc <10, the probability of aortic stenosis is P2% < P1%. Value range 3: 0 < S rot / S acc <14, the probability of aortic stenosis is P3% < P2%. Value range 4: 0 < S rot / S acc <18, the probability of aortic stenosis is P4% < P3%.

[0132] (Note) The specific examples provided in the above description should not be construed as limiting the scope and / or applicability of the present invention. The lists and groups of examples provided in the above description are not exhaustive unless explicitly stated otherwise. ​ ​

Claims

1. Apparatus (100), A signal interface (101) for receiving a first signal, which indicates cardiac acceleration and is measured using an accelerometer having mechanical contact with the individual's chest, and for receiving a second signal, which indicates cardiac rotation and is measured using a gyroscope having mechanical contact with the individual's chest, The apparatus comprises a processing system (102) coupled to the signal interface, wherein the processing system is A first descriptor value (S) that represents the characteristics of the first signal ａｃｃ ) and a second descriptor value (S) that expresses the same characteristics of the second signal ｒｏｔ ) and, The apparatus is configured such that, depending on the situation in which the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are related to each other and indicate a cardiac abnormality, the display signal output by the apparatus is set to express the presence of the cardiac abnormality.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first descriptor value is proportional to the intensity of the first signal, and the second descriptor value is proportional to the intensity of the second signal.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first descriptor value is proportional to the power of the first signal, and the second descriptor value is proportional to the power of the second signal.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first descriptor value is proportional to the energy of the first signal, and the second descriptor value is proportional to the energy of the second signal.

5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first descriptor value is proportional to the median of the peak values ​​of the first signal over consecutive heart cycles, and the second descriptor value is proportional to the median of the peak values ​​of the second signal over consecutive heart cycles.

6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first descriptor value is proportional to the arithmetic mean of the peak values ​​of the first signal over consecutive heart cycles, and the second descriptor value is proportional to the arithmetic mean of the peak values ​​of the second signal over consecutive heart cycles.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-average ratio of the first signal, and the second descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-average ratio of the second signal.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a sensor system (103) for generating the first signal and the second signal.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one of the gyroscope and the accelerometer.

10. The processing system (102) calculates the ratio (S) of the first descriptor value to the second descriptor value. ｒｏｔ / S ａｃｃ The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, configured to determine whether the value is outside a predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case, and to determine whether the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are related to each other and indicate the cardiac abnormality.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processing system (102) maintains a range of values ​​each representing a specific probability of a cardiac abnormality, and sets the display signal to represent the highest of the probabilities of cardiac abnormalities associated with one or more of the value ranges, depending on the situation in which the ratio of the first descriptor value to the second descriptor value belongs to one or more of the value ranges.

12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the processing system is configured to set the display signal to indicate the presence of aortic stenosis in accordance with the situation in which the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are related to each other and indicate the cardiac abnormality.

13. A computer implementation system, A computer implementation system comprising a sensor system (103) which is configured to be in contact with an individual's chest and to measure the movement of the individual's chest, wherein the computer implementation system is A computer-implemented system comprising a processing system (102) configured to (i) calculate one or more parameters related to a cardiac abnormality from the measured movement of the individual's chest, and (ii) detect the presence of the cardiac abnormality or the risk of having the cardiac abnormality based on the calculated one or more parameters, wherein the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis.

14. The computer implementation system according to claim 13, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of (i) the peak-to-average ratio of cardiac acceleration and (ii) the peak-to-average ratio of cardiac rotation.

15. The computer-implemented system according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the sensor system comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

16. The computer implementation system according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the sensor system is part of a smartphone.

17. The computer-implemented system according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the sensor system is configured to measure the acceleration, rotation, or both of the individual's heart when the sensor system is placed on the individual's chest.

18. The computer implementation system according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the one or more parameters describe cardiac acceleration, cardiac rotation, or both.

19. The computer-implemented system according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the cardiac abnormality further includes valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or any combination thereof.

20. A computer implementation system, A processing system (102) configured to process accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals, wherein the processing includes comparing the accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals with one or more adjustable, predetermined cardiac abnormality threshold data values. A computer implementation system comprising: an output unit (104) configured to make an output signal available to a user, wherein the output signal includes an indication that the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal are greater than one or more cardiac abnormality threshold data values.

21. The computer implementation system according to claim 20, further comprising comparing one or more values ​​of the gyroscope signals with one or more values ​​of the accelerometer signals and generating a ratio output relating to the ratio of the one or more values ​​of the gyroscope signals to the one or more values ​​of the accelerometer signals.

22. The computer implementation system according to claim 20 or 21, further comprising a sensor system.

23. The computer implementation system according to claim 22, wherein the sensor system further comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

24. The computer implementation system according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the sensor system is configured to measure the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal from the movement of an individual's chest.

25. The computer implementation system according to any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the accelerometer signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of acceleration measured from an individual.

26. The computer implementation system according to any one of claims 20 to 25, wherein the gyroscope signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of rotation measured from an individual.

27. The computer implementation system according to any one of claims 20 to 26, wherein the processing system is further configured to compare the gyroscope signal with the accelerometer signal to generate a ratio output indicating the ratio of the gyroscope signal to the accelerometer signal.

28. The computer implementation system according to claim 27, wherein the processing system is further configured to compare the one or more threshold data values ​​with the ratio output.

29. The computer implementation system according to any one of claims 20 to 28, wherein the output signal further includes an indication of the presence of a cardiac abnormality, an indication of the risk of the cardiac abnormality, or an indication that a healthcare provider should be contacted.

30. The computer-implemented system according to any one of claims 20 to 29, wherein the cardiac abnormality includes aortic valve stenosis.

31. It is a method, Receiving a first signal (401) measured using an accelerometer that indicates cardiac acceleration and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, Receiving a second signal (402) that indicates heart rotation and is measured using a gyroscope having mechanical contact with the chest of the individual, In a method including, the method is A first descriptor value (S) that represents the characteristics of the first signal ａｃｃ ) and a second descriptor value (S) that expresses the same characteristics of the second signal ｒｏｔ ) forming (403), A method characterized by comprising setting a display signal to express the presence of a cardiac abnormality in accordance with the situation in which the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are related to each other and indicate a cardiac abnormality (404).

32. The method according to claim 31, further comprising setting the display signal to represent the presence of aortic stenosis in accordance with the situation in which the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are related to each other and indicate the cardiac abnormality.

33. A computer implementation method, (401) Measuring the movement of the individual's chest using a sensor system placed on the individual's chest, Calculating one or more parameters related to cardiac abnormalities from the measured movement of the chest of the individual (402), A computer implementation method characterized by detecting the presence of or risk of having the cardiac abnormality based on one or more calculated parameters (403), wherein the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis.

34. The computer implementation method according to claim 33, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of (i) the peak-to-average ratio of cardiac acceleration and (ii) the peak-to-average ratio of cardiac rotation.

35. The computer implementation method according to claim 33 or 35, wherein the sensor system comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

36. The computer implementation method according to any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein the sensor system is part of a smartphone.

37. The computer implementation method according to any one of claims 33 to 26, wherein measuring the movement of the chest of the individual comprises measuring the acceleration, rotation, or both of the individual's heart using the sensor system positioned on the chest.

38. The computer implementation method according to any one of claims 33 to 37, wherein the one or more parameters describe cardiac acceleration, cardiac rotation, or both.

39. The computer implementation method according to any one of claims 33 to 38, wherein the cardiac abnormality further includes valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or a combination thereof.

40. A computer implementation method, Processing accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals (401), wherein the processing includes comparing the accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals with one or more adjustable predetermined cardiac abnormality threshold data values. A computer implementation method characterized by comprising setting an output signal to be available to a user (402), wherein the output signal includes an indication that the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal are greater than one or more cardiac abnormality threshold data values.

41. The computer implementation method according to claim 40, further comprising comparing one or more values ​​of the gyroscope signals with one or more values ​​of the accelerometer signals to generate a ratio output relating to the ratio of the one or more values ​​of the gyroscope signals to the one or more values ​​of the accelerometer signals.

42. The computer implementation method according to claim 40 or 41, comprising collecting the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal using a sensor system.

43. The computer implementation method according to any one of claims 40 to 42, wherein the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal are collected from the movement of an individual's chest.

44. The computer implementation method according to any one of claims 40 to 43, wherein the accelerometer signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of acceleration measured from an individual.

45. The computer implementation method according to any one of claims 40 to 44, wherein the gyroscope signal further includes one or more characteristics of the temporal trend of rotation measured from an individual.

46. The computer implementation method according to any one of claims 40 to 45, comprising reading the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal from a storage device.

47. It is a computer program, A first signal is received, measured using an accelerometer that indicates cardiac acceleration and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest. A computer program includes a computer executable instruction for controlling a programmable processing system to receive a second signal measured using a gyroscope that shows the rotation of the heart and has mechanical contact with the chest of the individual, wherein the computer program includes A first descriptor value (S) that represents the characteristics of the first signal ａｃｃ ) and a second descriptor value (S) that expresses the same characteristics of the second signal ｒｏｔ ) and, A computer program characterized by including a computer executable instruction for controlling the programmable processing system to set a display signal to represent the presence of a cardiac abnormality, depending on the circumstances in which the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value are related to each other and indicate a cardiac abnormality.

48. The computer program according to claim 47, wherein the computer program includes a computer executable instruction for controlling the programmable processing system to set the display signal to represent the presence of aortic stenosis, depending on the situation in which the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value relate to each other and indicate the cardiac abnormality.

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