Methods of small-scale hydration and related personal hydration systems

Abstract

A method for delivering fluid to a user during an activity includes a fluid reservoir, a fluid pump, an electric pump, an electric motor, a battery, an alarm device, a drinking button, a processor, and a fluid delivery device configured to deliver fluid to the user for consumption. The sweat rate is equal to the fluid delivery rate for the activity and determines a fluid delivery schedule having a fluid intake amount and a fluid intake frequency. The fluid intake amount is constrained by a fluid intake amount range. The fluid intake frequency is constrained by a fluid intake frequency range. The user is repeatedly notified by the alarm device each time the fluid intake frequency has elapsed. The drinking button turns on the electric motor for a set duration configured to deliver the fluid intake amount via the fluid delivery device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] (Cross-Reference to Related Application) This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 512,892, filed on July 10, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein.

[0002] The present invention relates generally to hydration. More specifically, the present invention relates to micro-hydration methods and personal hydration systems configured to carry out such methods.

Background Art

[0003] The human body relies on water to survive. Every cell, tissue, and organ in the human body requires water to function properly. For example, the human body uses water to maintain its temperature, remove waste, and lubricate joints. Water is necessary for overall good health and function. This is particularly important during high-intensity activities such as training, competing in sporting events, or working in hazardous environments. For example, delivering fluid to a mountain bike rider while riding on difficult and dangerous terrain is difficult. Delivering fluid to a race car driver during a race is difficult. Delivering fluid to a soldier when in training, in transit, or on the battlefield is difficult. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, delivering the required hydration while engaging in such activities is challenging. Proper hydration enhances not only physical function, but also mental function. Accordingly, there is a need to develop fluid delivery methods and systems that can be easily worn and / or transported for improved hydration and function. The present invention meets these needs and provides other related advantages.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] An exemplary embodiment of a method for delivering fluid to a user during an activity, comprising the steps of: providing a fluid reservoir; providing a fluid pump in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir; providing a fluid delivery device configured to deliver fluid to a user for consumption, the fluid delivery device in fluid communication with the fluid pump; providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump; providing a battery configured to supply power to the electric motor; providing a processor electrically connected to the electric motor driving the fluid pump and controlling the electric motor; determining the sweat rate of the activity and setting the sweat rate equal to the fluid delivery rate of the activity; and a fluid delivery schedule including fluid intake volume and fluid intake frequency, wherein the fluid intake volume of the fluid is constrained by a fluid intake volume range, and the fluid intake frequency of the fluid is constrained by a fluid intake frequency range. An embodiment comprising the steps of: determining a liter from a fluid delivery rate; providing at least one alarm device that electrically communicates with a processor, the alarm device comprising a light, a speaker, and / or a vibrator; repeatedly notifying the user by at least one alarm device each time a fluid drinking frequency has elapsed, which is configured to be started each time it elapses during an activity, in accordance with control by the processor; and providing a drinking button operably connected (wired or wirelessly) to the processor, which is configured to transmit a drinking command to the processor, wherein when the drinking button is activated by the user, the processor is configured to turn on an electric motor for a run time configured to distribute a fluid drinking volume, and to deliver a fluid drinking volume for consumption from a fluid reservoir to the user via a fluid delivery device.

[0005] In other exemplary embodiments, the fluid intake range may be 5 milliliters or more and 25 milliliters or less. The fluid intake range may be 5 milliliters or more and 50 milliliters or less. The fluid intake frequency range may be 30 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less. The fluid intake frequency range may be 30 seconds or more and 10 minutes or less. The fluid intake frequency range may be 30 seconds or more and 4 minutes or less. In yet another exemplary embodiment, the fluid intake frequency may be 30 seconds or more and 2.5 minutes or less. The fluid intake amount may be 5 milliliters or more and 25 milliliters or less. The fluid intake frequency may be 30 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less.

[0006] The process may include providing computer executable software configured to run on a personal electronic device, the computer executable software being configured to communicate with a processor, at least temporarily.

[0007] Computer executable software may include algorithms configured to run on personal electronic devices, which may contain them.

[0008] The process may include manually inputting, via a personal electronic device used by the user, at least one static variable describing the user to the algorithm, which includes weight, height, age, or gender.

[0009] The process may include receiving, via a personal electronic device that executes the algorithm, at least one static variable that describes an activity for the algorithm, which includes activity difficulty, distance traveled, altitude traveled, or activity description.

[0010] The process of determining the sweat rate via an algorithm may, at least in part, be based on at least one static variable describing the user and at least one static variable describing the activity.

[0011] The processor may include a process for receiving fluid delivery schedules from personal electronic devices.

[0012] The process may include enabling the user to adjust the fluid delivery schedule between fluid intake ranges and fluid intake frequency ranges via a personal electronic device that runs an algorithm.

[0013] Adjustments to fluid intake volume and fluid intake frequency may be linked, and a single adjustment to the fluid delivery schedule may change both fluid intake volume and fluid intake frequency, respectively, but within their respective ranges, without changing the fluid delivery rate for the activity.

[0014] The algorithm may include a step of receiving, via a personal electronic device that runs the algorithm, at least one static variable that describes the environment for determining the sweat rate, the static variable comprising ambient temperature, relative humidity, altitude, solar radiation load, wind speed, and wet-bulb temperature.

[0015] The process may include receiving, via a personal electronic device that runs the algorithm, at least one static variable describing a microclimate for determining the sweat rate, which includes clothing, vehicle enclosures, welding suits, chemical protective clothing, and / or high-temperature environments.

[0016] The sweating rate may be equal to the amount of sweat necessary for body cooling minus the cooling caused by radiation, conduction, and convection.

[0017] The process may include steps to prevent users from distributing fluid intake outside of the fluid delivery schedule.

[0018] The process may include steps that allow the user to distribute fluid intake outside of the fluid delivery schedule without having to adjust the fluid delivery schedule.

[0019] The step of determining the fluid delivery schedule based on the fluid delivery rate may comprise adding a buffer amount configured to take into account the user's dehydration state at the start of the activity.

[0020] The sweating rate determined by the algorithm does not need to take into account dynamic heart rate measurements of the user during activity.

[0021] The sweating rate determined by the algorithm does not need to take into account dynamic sweating rate measurements of the user during activity.

[0022] The method may comprise the step of calculating a fluid delivery schedule adherence score, via an algorithm running on a personal electronic device, based on how closely the user follows the fluid delivery schedule.

[0023] The method for delivering fluid to a user during activity does not need to involve the use of a flow meter.

[0024] The algorithm may be capable of determining the sweating rate, which is a predicted sweating rate, before the activity is performed.

[0025] The activity does not need to include sedentary behavior with a heart rate of less than 90 beats per minute.

[0026] The fluid delivery device may comprise a headset configured to be worn by a user, the headset having a fluid spout with an orifice diameter positioned in front of the user's mouth, and dispensing a metered dose of fluid for consumption to the user from the fluid spout upon activation of a drink button by the user.

[0027] The flow rate from the fluid spout of a fluid pump driven by an electric motor may be from a minimum of 0.6 liters per minute to a maximum of 1 liter per minute.

[0028] The orifice diameter of the fluid spout may be from a minimum of 2.5 mm to a maximum of 3.2 mm.

[0029] A refill button electronically connected to a processor, wherein the refill button is configured to operate an electric motor in reverse compared to a drinking button, and may comprise a refill button that enables filling a fluid reservoir through a fluid delivery device.

[0030] The fluid reservoir, fluid pump, electric motor, battery, processor, at least one alarm device, and drinking button may all be integrated and / or housed within a backpack configured to be worn by a user.

[0031] A method of calibrating an electric motor, an electric pump, and a fluid delivery device to provide a fluid drinking dose, which may comprise the steps of: instructing a user, via a personal electronic device, to keep holding a drinking button until a predetermined amount of fluid is delivered from the fluid delivery device into a measuring container; determining the amount of time required to reach the predetermined amount of fluid; calculating an actual flow rate; and using the actual flow rate to determine the operating time of the electric motor for providing the fluid drinking dose.

[0032] An alternative calibration method may comprise the steps of: instructing a user, via a personal electronic device, to press a drinking button and capture fluid delivered from the delivery device in a measuring device; delivering fluid for a predetermined period of time; receiving an input from the user corresponding to the amount of fluid delivered during the predetermined time; calculating an actual flow rate; and using the actual flow rate to determine the operating time of the electric motor for providing the fluid drinking dose.

[0033] The process of providing a fluid reservoir; providing a fluid pump that is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir; providing a fluid delivery device configured to deliver fluid to a user for consumption, the fluid delivery device being in fluid communication with the fluid pump; providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump; providing a battery configured to supply power to the electric motor; providing a processor electrically connected to the electric motor that drives the fluid pump and controlling the electric motor; providing computer executable software configured to run on a personal electronic device, the computer executable software comprising an algorithm configured to communicate at least temporarily with the processor and run on the personal electronic device; receiving, via the personal electronic device running the algorithm, at least one static variable describing a user, wherein the static variable describes a user having weight, height, age, or gender; and recording activities via the personal electronic device running the algorithm. The process includes: receiving at least one static variable, which includes activity difficulty, distance traveled, altitude traveled, or activity description, and determining the sweat rate via an algorithm based on at least one static variable describing the user and at least one static variable describing the activity; setting the fluid delivery rate of the activity to be equal to the sweat rate; determining a fluid delivery schedule, which includes fluid intake amount and fluid intake frequency, from the fluid delivery rate via an algorithm, wherein the fluid intake amount of the fluid is constrained by a fluid intake amount range, the fluid intake amount range is 5 milliliters or more and 25 milliliters or less, and the fluid intake frequency of the fluid is constrained by a fluid intake frequency range, the fluid intake frequency range is 30 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less; receiving the fluid delivery schedule from a personal electronic device via a processor; providing at least one alarm device electronically connected to the processor, which includes a light, a speaker, and / or a vibrator; and, according to the control of the processor,Another exemplary embodiment of a method for delivering fluid to a user during an activity, comprising the steps of repeatedly notifying the user by at least one alarm device each time a fluid drinking frequency configured to be initiated each time a fluid drinking frequency elapses during the activity, and providing a drinking button operably connected to a processor, configured to send a drinking command to the processor, wherein when the user activates the drinking button, the processor is configured to turn on an electric motor for a run time configured to distribute a fluid drinking volume, and to deliver the fluid drinking volume for consumption from the fluid reservoir to the user via a fluid delivery device.

[0034] Another exemplary embodiment of a method for delivering fluid to a user during activity, comprising the steps of: providing a fluid reservoir; providing a fluid pump in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir; providing a fluid delivery device configured to deliver fluid to a user for consumption, the fluid delivery device in fluid communication with the fluid pump; providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump; providing a battery configured to supply power to the electric motor; providing a processor electrically connected to the electric motor driving the fluid pump and controlling the electric motor; programming the processor with a fluid delivery schedule comprising a fluid intake amount and fluid intake frequency based on the user's expected fluid loss due to sweat during activity; and at least one that electrically communicates with the processor. Another exemplary embodiment of a method for delivering fluid to a user during an activity, comprising the steps of: providing one alarm device, which comprises at least one alarm device comprising a light, a speaker, and / or a vibrator; repeatedly notifying the user by at least one alarm device each time a fluid drinking frequency has elapsed, which is configured to be started each time it elapses during an activity, according to control by a processor; and providing a drinking button operably connected to a processor, which is configured to send a drinking command to the processor, wherein when the user activates the drinking button, the processor is configured to turn on an electric motor for a run time configured to distribute a fluid drinking volume, and to deliver the fluid drinking volume for consumption from a fluid reservoir to the user via a fluid delivery device.

[0035] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings illustrating the principles of the present invention.

[0036] The attached drawings illustrate the present invention. In such drawings, [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0037] [Figure 1]Figure 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of the personal fluid delivery system of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is an isometric view of one embodiment of the present invention, which is implemented as a backpack with a spout attached to a helmet. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is another isometric view of the structure shown in Figure 1. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is another isometric view of the structure shown in Figure 1. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is an isometric view of the pod assembly of the present invention. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is another isometric view of the structure shown in Figure 5, seen from the opposite side. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is an isometric view of the inside of the pod from the structure shown in Figure 5, with the cover removed. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is an isometric view of one embodiment of the fluid reservoir of the present invention. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is another isometric view of the structure shown in Figure 8, seen from the opposite side. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is an isometric view of the control panel used in the present invention. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is an enlarged view of the control panel from Figure 10. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is an isometric view of the battery indicator panel used in the present invention. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a magnified view of the battery indicator panel from Figure 12. [Figure 14A] Figure 14A is an isometric view of the wireless drinking button of the present invention. [Figure 14B] Figure 14B is another isometric view of the structure shown in Figure 14A, viewed from the bottom. [Figure 15A] Figure 15A is an isometric view of the wireless drinking button of the present invention. [Figure 15B] Figure 15B is another isometric view of the structure shown in Figure 15A, viewed from the bottom. [Figure 16A] Figure 16A is an isometric view of the wireless drinking button of the present invention. [Figure 16B]Figure 16B is another isometric view of the structure shown in Figure 16A, viewed from the bottom. [Figure 17A] Figure 17A is a sketch showing another embodiment of a ring-shaped drinking trigger. [Figure 17B] Figure 17B is a sketch showing a ring from the structure of 17A being worn by a user. [Figure 18] Figure 18 is a simplified schematic diagram of another embodiment of the personal fluid delivery system of the present invention, implemented in a bottle. [Figure 19] Figure 19 shows a simplified flowchart of the algorithm used in the present invention. [Figure 20] Figure 20 is a photograph of a typical embodiment of a personal electronic device running a computer-executable software application of the present invention. [Figure 21] Figure 21 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the installation screen. [Figure 22] Figure 22 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing another introductory screen. [Figure 23] Figure 23 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing another introductory screen. [Figure 24] Figure 24 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing another introductory screen. [Figure 25] Figure 25 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the first step in hardware setup and pairing. [Figure 26] Figure 26 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the second step in hardware setup and pairing. [Figure 27] Figure 27 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the third step in hardware setup and pairing. [Figure 28] Figure 28 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the fourth step in hardware setup and pairing. [Figure 29] Figure 29 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the first step in a connection using a third-party vendor. [Figure 30] Figure 30 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the second step in connection using a third-party vendor. [Figure 31] Figure 31 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the third step in connection using a third-party vendor. [Figure 32] Figure 32 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the first step in connecting to a third-party healthcare provider account. [Figure 33] Figure 33 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the second step in connecting to a third-party healthcare provider account. [Figure 34] Figure 34 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the third step in connecting to a third-party healthcare provider account. [Figure 35] Figure 35 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the fourth step in connecting to a third-party healthcare provider account. [Figure 36] Figure 36 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the fifth step in connecting to a third-party healthcare provider account. [Figure 37] Figure 37 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the first step in inputting the user's physical information into the software application. [Figure 38] Figure 38 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the second step in inputting the user's physical information into the software application. [Figure 39] Figure 39 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the third step in inputting the user's physical information into the software application. [Figure 40] Figure 40 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the fourth step in inputting the user's physical information into the software application. [Figure 41] Figure 41 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the fifth step in inputting the user's physical information into the software application. [Figure 42] Figure 42 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a first embodiment of the help screen. [Figure 43] Figure 43 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a second embodiment of the help screen. [Figure 44] Figure 44 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a third embodiment of the help screen. [Figure 45] Figure 45 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a fourth embodiment of the help screen. [Figure 46] Figure 46 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a fifth embodiment of the help screen. [Figure 47] Figure 47 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a sixth embodiment of the help screen. [Figure 48]Figure 48 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a seventh embodiment of the help screen. [Figure 49] Figure 49 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing an eighth embodiment of the help screen. [Figure 50] Figure 50 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the home screen. [Figure 51] Figure 51 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the user's profile settings. [Figure 52] Figure 52 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing an overview of user activities. [Figure 53] Figure 53 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the user's previous activities. [Figure 54] Figure 54 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the first step for a user to set up a new activity. [Figure 55] Figure 55 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a second step for the user to set up a new activity. [Figure 56] Figure 56 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a third step for the user to set up a new activity. [Figure 57] Figure 57 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a fourth step for the user to set up a new activity. [Figure 58] Figure 58 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing a fifth step for the user to set up a new activity. [Figure 59]Figure 59 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing how a user can select a specific activity when they are about to perform an activity. [Figure 60] Figure 60 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the user adjusting the fluid delivery schedule. [Figure 61] Figure 61 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing user adjustment of the fluid delivery schedule, which differs from that shown in Figure 60. [Figure 62] Figure 62 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing that the user has completed an activity. [Figure 63] Figure 63 is a screen capture of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing user feedback input regarding the activity from Figure 62. [Figure 64] Figure 64 is a screenshot of one embodiment of the software application of the present invention, showing the hydration score. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0038] As used herein, “fluid” generally refers to “water,” and vice versa. However, “fluid” may also include water containing electrolytes or other additives such as functional-enhancing minerals and functional-enhancing vitamins. Various sweeteners and flavorings may also be added to the water for the user's enjoyment. Therefore, this disclosure of personal fluid delivery systems should not be strictly limited to the use of water alone.

[0039] Introduction:

[0040] The inventors wanted to develop a method to accurately predict how much water a person will consume during a particular physical activity. Once the required amount of water was determined, the inventors could develop the best method for delivering that water to the person. Before developing the predictive equation, the inventors reviewed the scientific literature on existing predictive equations regarding sweating and hydration. Over the past decade, various equations have been developed to estimate sweating or dehydration. However, all equations have some limitations compared to the algorithm of the present invention. The only equation aimed at predicting dehydration used sensor technology to determine a threshold for when a participant should drink water (see Sabry et al., 2022). The Sabry equation does not specify a quantity or frequency for fluid consumption. Instead, it simply informs the user that they are dehydrated and should drink. Evidence regarding drinking profiles suggests that participants using this equation consume fluid in bolus drinking (i.e., relatively large amounts of substance at once) as opposed to consuming in multiple small drinks. (As used in this application, a small dose refers to a liquid volume in the range of 5 ml to 25 ml (including both extremes).) The inventors of this application believe that consuming fluids by bolus drinking is not ideal. In contrast, the present invention teaches that consuming fluids by small doses is better for maintaining a state of proper hydration that leads to optimal physical and mental function.

[0041] Several equations exist that aim to predict the amount of sweat produced for a given activity (see Baker et al., 2019; Cheuvront et al., 2021; Choi et al., 2019; Sollanek et al., 2020). However, these equations are limited because they are designed for one specific activity, such as running or cycling, and cannot be applied to other activities. Another set of equations predicted sweat rate by physiological monitoring of calorie consumption and / or sweat rate (see Nyein et al., 2019; Tabasum et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2020). The limitation of these equations is that the data input for the predictive equations can only be captured in a laboratory setting, and therefore the equations lack real-world applicability. Thus, to overcome these limitations, it was necessary to develop estimating equations that are applicable to all types of activities and do not require experimental equipment for data input.

[0042] The inventor's method for developing predictive equations for continuous low-dose hydration:

[0043] The goal of the predictive equation is to deliver fluids that replenish sweat throughout the entire activity, so that the user does not need to drink water or use the toilet after the activity. The predictive equation can be summarized as the total fluid intake required is equal to the amount of sweat produced during a given activity period. A secondary idea was to construct the predictive equation in modules so that as technology advances, the "estimates" can be directly replaced with measured values. When developing a predictive equation to determine the amount of fluid required for each activity, there are variables that affect sweat volume and hydration. Some of these variables may be activity difficulty / intensity, weight, height, ambient relative humidity, ambient temperature, age, and sex.

[0044] Since most people start their activities slightly dehydrated to avoid feeling bloated or having to stop to go to the toilet, a buffer amount of fluid may be added as desired. Therefore, the buffer amount can be added to the predictive equation so that the total fluid intake required is equal to the amount of sweat + buffer amount. Those skilled in the art will understand that this buffer may be 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 ml or any other amount of fluid, as needed.

[0045] Current limitations of predicting the effectiveness of low-dose hydration:

[0046] Current prediction equations estimate various variables, which can reduce accuracy compared to directly measuring the specified variables. For this reason, current prediction equations have several limitations, as detailed herein.

[0047] Firstly, the predictive equations are designed for activities (i.e., running, cycling, motorsports, etc.) and are not optimized for sedentary activities (i.e., watching television, working on a computer, playing video games, etc.). Typically, sedentary activities have a resting heart rate of less than 90 beats / minute. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be modified to create predictive equations for such sedentary activities.

[0048] Secondly, the predictive equation assumes that the user correctly self-assesss their "activity difficulty" before their activity. If these assessments deviate by more than three units, the equation becomes less accurate. For example, if a user inputs an "activity difficulty" of 5 and then exercises at level 8, the user may consume less water than necessary to maintain optimal hydration. Conversely, if a user inputs an "activity difficulty" of 5 and then exercises at level 2, the user may consume more water than necessary to maintain optimal hydration. The accuracy of the user's activity difficulty can be improved by utilizing real-time monitoring of heart rate and / or core body temperature during activity. However, the advantage of the present invention is that it functions without requiring real-time dynamic heart rate measurements or core body temperature obtained from sensors.

[0049] Thirdly, as mentioned above, some current literature suggests that the majority of individuals begin activity in a slightly to moderately dehydrated state. Optionally, the predictive equation could be modified to assume that the user begins activity in a partially dehydrated state, thus specifying an additional amount of fluid to be added to the predicted sweat volume. This additional fluid amount may need to be adjusted according to the user's preference.

[0050] Fourth, the prediction equation may not be accurate for ambient temperatures below 45 degrees Fahrenheit.

[0051] Fifth, the prediction equation assumes that the thermal insulation values ​​of air and clothing are based on typical mountain biking attire with a backpack. Additional user input can be used to adjust the thermal insulation values ​​of the clothing, thereby improving the accuracy of the equation.

[0052] Required user input:

[0053] The following variables are entered by the user to determine the required amount and frequency of fluid consumption: weight (pounds), height (inches), age (years), sex (male or female), and activity difficulty on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is very light activity and 10 is maximum effort. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the difficulty range may be 1 to 5, 1 to 15, or 1 to 20, as the specific use of 1 to 10 should not be considered to limit the invention to the forms described and taught herein.

[0054] The ambient temperature (F) and relative humidity (%) of the variables may be collected from the user's smart device, or they may be obtained directly by a microchip controlling the circuit board and / or fluid delivery system.

[0055] The use of equations in determining low-dose hydration prescriptions:

[0056] Based on the user input described above, the following equations were used to convert the user input into variables that can predict the rate of sweating. Some of these equations were derived from existing scientific literature, but they are used in a novel way in this invention.

[0057] The ambient temperature is converted from Fahrenheit to Celsius based on the following equation: Ambient temperature (Celsius) = {Ambient temperature (F) - 32} * (5 / 9).

[0058] Convert weight in pounds to weight in kilograms and estimate body surface area based on the following equation: weight (kg) = weight (pounds) / 2.2.

[0059] Convert height in inches to height in meters and estimate body surface area based on the following equation: Height (meters) = Height (inches) * 0.0254.

[0060] Body surface area is calculated from weight in kilograms and height in meters based on the following equation: Body surface area (BSA) = 0.202 * (weight (kg)^0.425) * (height (m)^0.725).

[0061] The body surface area coefficient is standardized to "1" because the population of interest is under 45 years old and healthy, and is based on the following equation: Estimated body surface area coefficient = 1 * body surface area. In future iterations of the algorithm, this can be adjusted based on clinical or elderly use.

[0062] Thermogenesis is determined by estimated oxygen consumption (during activity) which is related to body size. In summary, these variables are substitutes for core body temperature. When core body temperature rises, the rate of sweating increases to cool the body. Thermogenesis is predicted from estimated oxygen consumption (see the "Derivation Equation for Prescribing Small-Dosage Hydration" section), body weight, and body surface area, and is given by the following equation: Thermogenesis (watts) = {(Estimated Oxygen Consumption * Body Weight [kg]) / 1000} * 60 * (5.68 / BSA). The accuracy of thermogenesis can be improved by utilizing real-time monitoring of core body temperature during activity.

[0063] Skin temperature is estimated by multiplying the ambient temperature by 0.53 and adding 20.28, which is given by the following equation: Estimated skin temperature (Celsius) = {0.53 * ambient temperature (C)} + 20.28. Skin temperature is used to determine the temperature gradient and how much heat is dissipated from the body to the environment. The accuracy of skin temperature can be improved by utilizing real-time monitoring of skin temperature during activity.

[0064] The "clo" value is an estimated thermal insulation value based on clothing and the air surrounding the skin. For the inventor's purposes, this clo value is equal to . More specifically, the clo value is predetermined as the sum of the thermal insulation of clothing and air for an active biker wearing a backpack. Future iterations of the algorithm can incorporate different clo values ​​for various activities.

[0065] The estimated ratio of sweat to body surface area (w) is equal to 1. This is the standard for individuals under 45 years of age. Different ratios can be used depending on age and other factors.

[0066] The heat transfer coefficient of evaporation is equal to 4.95 / (clo*0.155). Since clothing can affect body cooling, the heat transfer coefficient of evaporation is influenced by the clo value.

[0067] The water vapor pressure on the skin determines the rate at which sweat can evaporate. To estimate the water vapor pressure on the skin, skin temperature can be converted using the following equation: Estimated water vapor pressure on the skin (kPa) = e^[18.686 - {(4030.183 / estimated skin temperature) + 235}].

[0068] Ambient water vapor pressure determines the rate at which sweat can evaporate. To estimate ambient water vapor pressure, ambient temperature can be converted using the following equation: Estimated ambient water vapor pressure (kPa) = e^[18.686 - {(4030.183 / ambient temperature) + 235}] * (relative humidity / 100).

[0069] The derived equations used to create the predictive sweating algorithm:

[0070] Various equations can be devised to create a predictive sweating algorithm. As more testing and development takes place, these equations will be refined over time. Therefore, a general discussion of the factors and considerations that may be included in such an algorithm is useful at this point.

[0071] Four ways the body cools: During activity, the human body generates a considerable amount of heat. This is calculated above as body heat generation. The body then cools itself to offset this increase in body heat by utilizing four heat transfer processes: evaporation, convection, conduction, and radiation.

[0072] Evaporation: The human body cools itself by producing sweat on the surface of the skin and allowing it to evaporate. When developing an equation based on hydration based on the predicted rate of sweating, it is necessary to determine the total rate of body cooling from convection, conduction, and radiation, and subtract that amount from the amount of body heat generated. Therefore, the balance of the equation will be equal to the rate of body cooling by evaporation. Further calculations can be performed using the aforementioned equation when determining the total rate of sweating based on evaporation from the skin surface.

[0073] Convection: The second major mechanism for cooling the body after sweating is convection. Convection cools the body by transferring heat from the body to the surrounding air. Therefore, it is determined by the ambient temperature, skin temperature, and the insulating properties of clothing.

[0074] Radiation and Conduction: To explain body cooling from conduction and radiation, it is necessary to evaluate the evaporation properties of sweat on the skin in relation to the environment. By considering the layer of sweat on the skin, heat transfer by conduction and radiation is taken into account.

[0075] Total intake rate: Total intake required for activity (ml / hour) = total sweat rate. The inventor specifies a total intake rate equal to the predicted amount of sweat produced by the user during activity.

[0076] The present invention also has some less obvious advantages. When a user starts an activity in a dehydrated state, the amount of sweat the user produces is typically lower than predicted by the algorithm of the subject because the total fluid available is low. In this situation, the prescribed total intake will be greater than the amount of sweat actually produced. Given that the user in this state started the activity in a dehydrated state, the additional intake the user receives will help alleviate the dehydration. In other words, they consume an additional amount of drinking water that helps them return to an optimal state of hydration.

[0077] As desired, as mentioned above, most people can start their activities in a slightly dehydrated state. Therefore, the total intake can be adjusted by adding an extra amount, such as 110 ml, to the sweat rate. As mentioned above, the optional amount to be added may be an extra 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml, 100 ml, 110 ml, 125 ml, or any other amount deemed useful, as desired.

[0078] If desired, a person may be placed within a microclimate that will affect their hydration needs. The microclimate may be additional clothing worn by the user, such as a welding suit or chemical protective clothing. The microclimate may also be a vehicle enclosure, such as a racing car. The microclimate may also be a physical enclosure, such as a yoga studio or sauna. The present invention can be configured to take these microclimates into account when determining the hydration needs for each activity.

[0079] In summary, the total amount of fluid intake required for an activity is equal to the rate of sweating during that activity. The total rate of sweating, which is due to body cooling by evaporation, can be calculated based on the following parameters: heat generation, body cooling by convection, and body cooling by radiation and conduction.

[0080] Small dose:

[0081] The inventors further determined that it is better for users to take small amounts of water at regular intervals rather than injecting large amounts of water when they feel thirsty. This can be described as microdosing. Therefore, the present invention has determined that a small dose (ml) is equal to a range of 5 ml to 25 ml (milliliters) of fluid determined by the user. The upper limit may also be 30 ml, 35 ml, 40 ml, 45 ml, or 50 ml. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that larger individuals may benefit from these larger fluid amounts being up to 50 ml per individual drink.

[0082] Users can choose how much fluid to disperse, from 5 ml to 25 ml. There are at least two reasons for drinking small amounts. Firstly, it is the amount that a person can comfortably swallow in one "gulp" during physical activity. Secondly, it is the amount that the human body can digest at once during physical activity as water moves across the wall of the small intestine and into the bloodstream. Amounts less or more than this range are undesirable because variations other than these amounts do not yield optimal results. The inventors hereby teach that the human body can rapidly digest up to 25 ml of water within 5 minutes during activity. Amounts exceeding this may result in excess water remaining in the digestive system, potentially causing discomfort, bloating, and loss due to urination. Again, individuals with larger body sizes or faster digestive systems may benefit from drinking larger amounts, up to 50 ml.

[0083] The frequency of small doses should be limited to a range of 30 seconds to 5 minutes, or between, informing the user how often they need to drink. The rationale for this range is to ensure that users consume fluid more frequently in small doses, rather than in bolus doses, as this will improve absorption in the intestines and result in better hydration. Alternatively, the 5-minute limit may be reduced to 4.5 minutes, 4 minutes, 3.5 minutes, 3 minutes, or 2.5 minutes. Or, the 5-minute limit may be extended to 5.5 minutes, 6 minutes, 6.5 minutes, 7 minutes, 7.5 minutes, 8 minutes, 8.5 minutes, 9 minutes, 9.5 minutes, or 10 minutes.

[0084] Alternatively, the present invention can enable the distribution of fluid outside the optimal range for situations such as giving a drink to a friend or rinsing oneself or an object with water. For example, if the drinking trigger of the present invention is pressed outside the acceptable range and does not distribute a beverage, continuously pressing the drinking trigger beyond a time limit, such as 3 seconds, will disable the system lockout and allow the system to distribute the fluid.

[0085] Personal fluid delivery device:

[0086] The present invention comprises a personal fluid delivery system that can be worn during various high-intensity activities, such as by cyclists on mountain trails, or can be placed in a moving vehicle by a user, such as a driver in a race car. The personal fluid delivery system allows the user to easily access fluid (i.e., drinking water) as needed, without being distracted from the task at hand. The personal fluid delivery system can be designed to provide the user with access to clean water when requested, or the present invention can operate by reminding the user at predetermined intervals that they need to drink, and then delivering water directly to the lips, providing hands-free, thoughtless, on-demand hydration. As can be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention disclosed herein may be applicable to other uses such as power sports, extreme sports, athletics, training, hiking, walking, running, industrial, medical or military industries.

[0087] Figure 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of the personal fluid delivery system 10 of the present invention. A fluid reservoir 11 contains water 12 for hydration. The fluid reservoir may be a flexible pouch worn by the user in a backpack, a rigid tank mounted in a vehicle, or simply a bottle carried by the user. A fluid line 13 connects the reservoir to a pod 14. The pod 14 can combine a pump 15, a motor 16, and a processor 17 (i.e., a circuit board and / or microchip) within a single durable waterproof housing 24. A battery 18 is electrically connected to the pod and, more specifically, powers the motor and processor. Alternatively, the battery may be located inside the pod or remotely. A fluid line 19 connects the pod to a water distribution device 20 via an optional fluid connector 27. The fluid connector 27 can connect to a variety of water distribution devices. For example, a fluid connector can be used to connect the fluid line 19 to a headset 20b that delivers water hands-free to a user 21 from a handheld dispenser 20a or a spout 53 positioned directly in front of the user's mouth. The system fluid line remains pressurized via a check valve 28 located within the fluid connector 27, keeping water readily available and preventing water from leaking out when the connector is disconnected.

[0088] Using an application running on a personal electronic device 22 (e.g., a desktop computer, laptop computer, smartphone, handheld device, tablet, smartwatch, or any wearable electronic device), the system is fully programmable for the amount, interval, and intensity of water delivery. Wireless communication 23, such as Bluetooth®, can enable the smartphone and the pod to communicate with each other. A notification device 25 instructs the user when it is time to drink. The notification device can be an LED light, a speaker that produces sound, and / or a vibration device that is in physical contact with the user. The notification device communicates with the pod hardwired or wirelessly and can be programmed by the personal electronic device. The user can dispense fluid for consumption by pressing a drinking button 26. The drinking button can communicate electrically with the pod hardwired or wirelessly.

[0089] To replenish the fluid reservoir, the pump can be operated in reverse to draw water backward through the fluid line 19, thereby replenishing the reservoir 11. For example, using a handheld line 20a connected to the fluid line 19, if the distal end of the handheld line 20a is inserted into the water source, the pump can be operated to draw water from the water source and fill the reservoir 11. Alternatively, an auxiliary replenishment line 29 can be used to directly fill the reservoir, bypassing the pod assembly 14. The replenishment line 29 can be the same as line 19 from a second personal fluid delivery system worn by a friend or colleague, thereby allowing one reservoir to be replenished from another reservoir.

[0090] Figures 2 to 4 are isometric views of specific embodiments of the present invention, taking the schematic diagram of Figure 1 and embodying it in a backpack 30 that can be worn by a user during physical activity.

[0091] Figure 5 is an isometric view of the pod 14 from the structure shown in Figures 2-4, removed from the backpack 30. Figure 6 is another isometric view of the structure shown in Figure 5, viewed from a rear view. The pod 14 has a housing 24 formed to conform to the contour of the backpack 30. The housing has a back side 24a that contacts the user's back when worn (albeit through the backpack). The front side 24b is attached to the back side, or vice versa. The housing can be made from a rigid or semi-rigid material such as a polymer, composite material, elastomer, or a combination thereof, to protect the structure placed inside and to provide comfort to the backpack user.

[0092] Various fluid lines and electronic wires extend from the pod. More specifically, a fluid line 13 extends from the pod, which can be attached to a reservoir, and the reservoir is not shown in Figures 5 and 6 for simplification. At the top of the pod is a flexible neck section 31 to which a fluid line 19, best visible in Figures 2-4, can be attached.

[0093] Two electrical wires extend from the bottom of the pod. First, there is a control panel assembly 32 to which wire 33 is attached. Referring to Figures 10 and 11, the control panel assembly 32 houses the drink button 26 and the refill button 34. A power button 35 for turning the device on and off is also located in the center. An electrical connector 36 is located at the distal end of wire 33 so that the entire control panel assembly can be removed and replaced during operation if necessary. In Figure 2, the control panel assembly 32 can be seen integrated into the right shoulder strap of the backpack 30.

[0094] Referring back to Figures 5 and 6, we see that an electrical wire 37 extends and splits at 38 into a battery display panel 39 with a button 40 and a notification device 25. This is also best seen in Figures 12 and 13. When button 40 is pressed, the battery charging status is displayed on the battery charging display 41 with an LED or other illumination means. An electrical connector 42 is located at the distal end of the wire 37 so that the entire battery charging display panel and notification device assembly can be removed and replaced during work if necessary. In Figure 2, we can see that the battery display panel 42 is integrated into the back of the backpack 30.

[0095] Referring to Figure 7, the front cover 24b has been removed from the pod 14, revealing the devices located inside. More specifically, the pump 15, motor 16, processor 17, and battery 18 are shown. This is only one embodiment of the present invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many packaging configurations are possible.

[0096] Figures 8 and 9 are isometric views of one fluid reservoir 11 used in the backpacks shown in Figures 2 to 4. This particular fluid reservoir is inherently flexible and designed to be carried inside the backpack 30. The fluid connector 43 can then be attached to the fluid connector 44 shown in Figures 5 and 6.

[0097] Figures 14A and 14B show another embodiment of the wireless drinking button 26 of the present invention that utilizes a wireless connection 23. This embodiment is designed to form a fit with a particular handlebar assembly of a vehicle or structure.

[0098] Figures 15A and 15B show another embodiment of the wireless drinking button 26 of the present invention that utilizes a wireless connection 23. This embodiment may be attached to the user's clothing or placed in various small spaces.

[0099] Figures 16A and 16B show another embodiment of the wireless drinking button 26 of the present invention that utilizes a wireless connection 23. This embodiment is designed to be mounted around a vehicle tube, such as a vehicle handlebar or roll bar.

[0100] It is understood that all embodiments of Figure 14016 have their own power supply and transmitter so as to be able to communicate with the pod 14 of the present invention. These buttons can also utilize a hardwired electrical connection to the pod 14.

[0101] Figures 17A and 17B show another embodiment of the drinking trigger 26 of the present invention, which is essentially a ring 45 worn by the user. The ring 45 has a hook-and-loop fastener strap 46 that allows for universal attachment for people of various finger sizes. The ring includes a power supply 47 (i.e., a battery), a microchip 48, and a wireless transmitter 49 (e.g., Bluetooth®) housed within the ring's housing 50. The user can easily activate the system of the present invention by pressing the drinking trigger button 26 with their thumb.

[0102] If desired, for military use, to maintain a silent operation undetectable by enemy forces, the ring transmits a signal only when button 26 is activated, and does not transmit a signal otherwise, and does not have connectivity with the system of the present invention. Furthermore, the strength of the Bluetooth® signal can be configured to work well within a few feet but become undetectable beyond that. This further protects the user from enemy detection in the event of accidental button presses.

[0103] The present invention can take on various shapes and forms other than those shown and taught in Figures 1 to 17. For example, Figure 18 is a further, yet another, simplified schematic diagram of a personal fluid delivery system 10, which is embodied here as a water bottle. As before, the fluid reservoir 11 contains water 12 for hydration. The fluid reservoir in this embodiment is shown as a handheld water bottle, but can be any such fluid container. A fluid line 13 connects the reservoir to a pod 14. The pod 14 is embodied as a cap that screws onto the water bottle. The pod 14 can combine a pump 15, a motor 16, and a processor 17 within a single durable, waterproof cap 51 for the water bottle. A battery 18 that powers the motor and processor can also be located within the pod 14. Alternatively, the battery may be located within the pod. A rotatable fluid line 52 connects the pod to a water dispensing device, which in this case can be a nozzle 53 that simply supplies water directly to the user through an orifice diameter 54. The system fluid line remains pressurized via a check valve and is kept ready to supply water immediately. Using an application running on a personal electronic device 22 (e.g., a smartphone, smartwatch, etc.), the system is fully programmable for the amount, interval, and intensity of water delivery. Wireless communication 23, such as Bluetooth®, can enable the smartphone and the pod to communicate with each other. A notification device 25 is attached to the pod / cap to notify the user when it is time to drink. The notification device can be an LED light, a speaker that produces sound, and / or a vibration device. A drinking button 26 can be integrated into the pod / cap, and the user can press this button to dispense fluid for consumption. As can be understood here by those skilled in the art, the teachings of the present invention can be embodied in various shapes and forms for numerous applications.

[0104] Figure 19 shows a simplified flowchart of the algorithm used in the present invention. The sweat rate is obtained by subtracting the body's cooling by radiation, conduction, and convection from the sweat required for body cooling. After determining the sweat rate, the user can replenish the lost sweat with the fluid distributed by the present invention. Therefore, the recommended fluid intake rate can be estimated to be the sweat rate.

[0105] Those skilled in the art will also understand that the algorithm of the present invention can be replaced by a lookup table or other equivalent simplification means. For example, a lookup table already incorporates the teachings and equations of the present invention and can simplify the output so as not to require complex calculations to be performed on the fly. Rather, specific variables can be cross-referenced on such a lookup table to determine the amount and frequency of water distribution required to achieve a fluid delivery schedule according to the teachings of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to devices having the algorithm, but rather encompasses all devices that embody the teachings herein.

[0106] Figure 20 shows one embodiment of a typical personal electronic device 22 that can be used with the present invention. As shown here, the personal electronic device 22 is a smartphone, but it can be a desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld device, tablet, smartwatch, or virtually any wearable electronic device. It is also understood that the personal electronic device 22 has a touchscreen display so that the user can both view information and make selections displayed thereon.

[0107] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that software running on a typical personal electronic device is a computer executable software application that can be written in a wide variety of software languages. By installing such software updates using a personal electronic device, the software can be modified over time for improvement as new updates become available. Furthermore, there is computer executable firmware configured to run by a processor of the present invention, which is electrically connected to and controls an electric motor that drives a fluid pump. Firmware updates can also be performed using means known to those skilled in the art, such as utilizing a personal electronic device.

[0108] Figures 21–64 are screen captures of another embodiment of the software of the present invention that can run on a personal electronic device 22 disclosed herein. The embodiments shown in Figures 21–64 are merely one embodiment of the present invention. Since the present invention disclosed herein is not limited to the exact forms shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that there are an infinite number of ways to achieve various features and functions of the software.

[0109] Figures 21 to 24 are introduction screens for introducing a user to the software of the present invention. These introduction screens are optional and may be any number "n" from 1 that the inventor feels conveys useful information to the end user.

[0110] Figures 25 to 28 illustrate how the software of the present invention can be set up to work with the hardware of the present invention. Figure 27 shows that a QR code® 60 that can be read by a camera on a personal electronic device can be displayed (i.e., printed) on a portion of the hardware. The information contained within the QR code® then enables an easy transition to establish a wireless communication link between the hardware and the software. Furthermore, the QR code® allows the present invention to know what type of system is being implemented, such as whether it is for motorsport, for a backpack, or as an embodiment of a water bottle.

[0111] Figures 29 to 31 show how users can log in to their personal accounts via their previous accounts with third-party vendors or using email.

[0112] Figures 32 to 36 illustrate how a user can connect the present invention to a third-party healthcare provider account, such as an Apple Health account. The present invention can then retrieve necessary information from this third-party healthcare provider account.

[0113] Figures 37 to 41 show how a user can input their physical information into the software of the present invention. The data used may be their gender (Figure 37), their age or date of birth (Figure 38), their height (Figure 39), and their weight (Figure 40). As previously taught, the present invention can use at least one of these inputs to determine the amount of water a person is given by the invention during an activity. Furthermore, Figure 41 shows that the user can input more information, such as functional goals.

[0114] It is understandable that many users may encounter problems when first operating and navigating a new software application. Figures 42 to 49 are examples of help screens that may be displayed at various points in time as desired. These screens may be displayed in the order shown herein, and they may be selectively displayed at various points in time as needed, as determined by the software of the present invention.

[0115] Figure 50 shows one embodiment of the home screen. At the top, the user's name and date can be displayed to help personalize interactions with the software application. At the bottom, (from left to right) are the Home page button 61, the Activity summary page button 62, and the Profile settings page button 63, along with a plus sign, which indicates another button where the user can enter a new activity via the New Activity button 64. In the center of the screen are various activities already set up by the user that the user can select and adjust.

[0116] Figure 51 shows one embodiment of user profile settings. The user can then view their personal settings, which may need to be adjusted over time or across various devices according to the present invention.

[0117] Figure 52 shows one embodiment of a user activity overview. Various previous activities can be viewed separately, as shown in Figure 53, or as a total or average, as shown in the bar graph in Figure 52. Those skilled in the art will understand that there are countless methods for displaying the information recorded from this invention to the user.

[0118] Figures 54–59 illustrate embodiments of how a user can set up a new activity. Figure 54 allows the user to select a specific type of activity 65 that they wish to engage in. These activities include, but are not limited to, mountain biking, cycling, running, working, rowing, hiking, motocross, track motorsports, off-road motorsports, walking, and the use of motorcycles and ATVs.

[0119] Figure 55 allows users to set the expected average intensity of the activity they intend to engage in using a numerical scale 66. In this particular embodiment, the scale is 1 to 10, but as those skilled in the art will understand, it may be smaller or larger. Furthermore, short descriptive phrases 67 may be provided to help users understand how each number 1 to 10 relates to a more appropriate description of the intensity level. For example, Figure 55 shows that level 4 has been selected, described as "a slightly strenuous pace, but still able to speak a few sentences without difficulty." Furthermore, expected heart rate may also be provided.

[0120] Figure 56 shows an embodiment of how a user can set the duration 68 of an activity. Once entered, Figures 57-58 show that an activity has been entered, and then Figure 59 allows that the activity to be selected when the user is about to perform that particular activity.

[0121] Figures 60 and 61 illustrate how a user can adjust a fluid delivery schedule by simultaneously adjusting a fluid intake range (e.g., 5–25 ml) and a fluid intake frequency range (e.g., 30 seconds–5 minutes). The adjustments to fluid intake and fluid intake frequency are linked, as a single adjustment to the fluid delivery schedule changes both fluid intake and fluid intake frequency so that they remain within their respective ranges. For example, Figure 60 shows that during a running activity, the slider bar 69 is set so that the dose is 20 ml and the time interval between intakes is 1 minute and 12 seconds. In comparison to Figure 64, Figure 61 shows that the slider bar has been moved, which here corresponds to a dose of 10 ml and a time interval between intakes of 45 seconds. Thus, it is understood that a user can adjust both the fluid intake range and the fluid intake frequency range in a simple and quick single selection 69 via the slider bar or equivalent selection. It is understood that, despite the user being able to make such a choice, in some embodiments the total rate does not change.

[0122] Figure 62 shows an embodiment of a screen that may be displayed when an activity is completed. Subsequently, Figure 63 shows an embodiment of a screen that prompts the user to answer some simple questions (i.e., feedback 70) which can further support the continued development of the present invention.

[0123] Figure 64 shows an example of a hydration score explained to the user. Referring back to Figure 50, a circle displaying "89%" is shown in the upper right corner of the home screen. When the user clicks on it, Figure 64 is displayed to the user. The "Hydration Score" represents how well the user followed the fluid delivery schedule (i.e., hydration protocol) within a particular activity, and is displayed as a percentage. It is understood that other methods and techniques besides percentages can be used to represent how well the user followed a particular fluid delivery schedule.

[0124] Referencing the present invention in general terms, the inventors teach a novel method of delivering water to a user in a series of small, repeated sips using a fluid delivery device during an activity, the fluid delivery device can be a headset so that water is delivered in a hands-free manner. Several prior art references teach intelligent hydration systems and methods utilizing water bottles with flow meters. These references use flow meters because there is no fluid pump that can control the amount of water distributed. In contrast, the present invention does not require a flow meter because, once the flow characteristics of the pump are known, the amount of water distributed can be controlled by controlling the time the pump operates and the voltage applied to the pump. Furthermore, these prior art references compare target consumption to actual consumption, which is contrary to the teachings of the present invention. The prior art references teach that if a user drinks a sufficient amount of a certain flow rate over time, their invention does not need to notify the user to drink more. Similarly, if a user does not drink enough water, a comparison of actual consumption with target consumption reveals a deficiency, and therefore the device can notify the user to drink more water. These types of prior art documents are contrary to the present invention. The inventors of the present invention do not notify the user when a deficiency is measured. Rather, the inventors of the present invention notify the user to drink at the end of each fluid intake frequency, regardless of whether sufficient water has been consumed, because the fluid delivery schedule is determined before the activity begins. The present invention is designed to remind the user to repeatedly consume fluid during activity in accordance with the small intake schedule taught herein. None of the prior art references have realized this optimal method of maintaining hydration in the user during physical activity, and therefore could not have foreseen the development of the system and method of the present invention. For these and many other reasons, the prior art could not have taught the present applicants the invention described herein.

[0125] Furthermore, earlier embodiments of the present invention have three distinct timers that are essentially all controllable by the user, and these timers are as follows: (1) interval between drinks, (2) length of dispensing time (i.e., selectable motor operating time from low to high), and (3) motor output (i.e., selectable from low to high). The actual amount of liquid beverage was affected by both the motor operating time and the motor output. In these earlier embodiments, the minimum drink (short motor operating time and low motor output) is 1.6 ml. Conversely, the maximum drink (long motor operating time and high motor output) is 9.4 ml. Too many controllable factors can lead to a negative user experience. Therefore, the inventor simplified the present invention by keeping the output of the operating motor constant. This results in a flow rate of approximately 0.8 liters / minute. The inventor determined that a flow rate of 0.6 to 1 liter / minute is sufficient for most users to comfortably take water in their mouths while performing physical activity using a 2.85 mm diameter orifice. The orifice size can be in the range of 2.5 mm to 3.2 mm in diameter. In this invention, since both the fluid intake frequency and the fluid intake amount are linked together as part of the fluid delivery schedule, the inventors have simplified the use of the invention by requiring the user to make a single selection to control the two variables.

[0126] Furthermore, this instruction will make it clear that the actual flow rate delivered to the user at the user's mouth may be affected by various accessories of the invention, pipe lengths, variations in manufacturing tolerances, and / or environmental factors. To take such variations into account, the inventors may implement any calibration process. For example, since most people have a convenient measuring cup at home, the user may be instructed to press and hold the drinking button for a certain period of time to fill one cup (i.e., the fluid measuring container). Once the liquid volume of one cup is reached, the user releases the drinking button. The time taken to fill one cup is measured by the invention, which then allows the invention to know the exact flow rate being delivered to the user, and the algorithm of the invention can be adjusted by a simple coefficient, such as multiplying the required amount by a calibration coefficient of about 1, regardless of whether it is slightly above or below the number 1. As can be understood by those skilled in the art, the structure of the invention allows for numerous calibration processes that can improve its accuracy.

[0127] Although several embodiments have been described in detail for illustrative purposes, various modifications can be made to each without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited except as provided for in the appended claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0128] 10 Personal Fluid Delivery Systems 11 Fluid reservoir 12 water 13 Fluid lines 14 pods 15 pumps 16 motors 17 Processors 18 batteries 19 Fluid lines 20 Water distribution devices 20a Handheld dispenser 20b Headset 21 users 22. Personal electronic devices, i.e., smartphones 23 Wireless communication, i.e., Bluetooth® (registered trademark) 24 Housing, Pod 24a Back side, housing, pod 24b Front side, housing, pod 25 Notification Devices 26 Drinking button 27 Fluid Connectors 28 Check valve 29 Replenishment Line 30 Backpack 31 Flexible neck section, fluid line 32 Control Panel Assembly 33 Electrical Wires 34 Refill button 35 Power button 36 Electrical connectors, control panel assemblies 37 Electrical wires, battery panels 38 Electric Split 39 Battery, Display, Panel 40 buttons, battery, display, panel 41 Battery Charging Display 42 Electrical connectors, battery, display, and panel 43 Fluid connectors, reservoirs 44 Fluid connectors, pod fluid lines 45 Rings 46-sided zipper strap 47 Power supply 48 microchips 49 Transmitter 50 Housing 51 Caps, Water Bottles 52 Rotatable Fluid Lines 53 Spout 54 Orifice diameter 60 QR Code (Registered Trademark) 61 Homepage Button 62 Overview Page Button 63 Profile Settings Page Button 64 New Activity Button 65 Specific types of activities 66 numbered markings 67 Description 68 Duration 69. Slider bar, one adjustment. 70 Feedback, Questions

Claims

1. A method for delivering fluid to a user during activity, wherein the method is A process for providing a fluid reservoir, A step of providing a fluid pump that is in fluid communication with the aforementioned fluid reservoir, A step of providing a fluid delivery device configured to deliver the fluid for consumption to the user, the fluid delivery device being in fluid communication with the fluid pump, A step of providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump, A step of providing a battery configured to supply power to the electric motor, The process of providing a processor that is electrically connected to the electric motor that drives the fluid pump and controls the electric motor, A step of determining the sweat rate of the activity and setting the sweat rate to be equal to the fluid delivery rate of the activity, A fluid delivery schedule including the amount of fluid to be consumed and the frequency of fluid consumption based on the user's expected fluid loss due to sweat during the activity, The amount of fluid consumed is constrained by the fluid consumption range. The frequency of fluid consumption is constrained by the fluid consumption frequency range. A step of determining the fluid delivery schedule from the fluid delivery rate, The step of providing at least one alarm device that electrically communicates with the processor, the alarm device comprising a light, a speaker, and / or a vibrator, The process of repeatedly notifying the user by at least one alarm device each time the fluid drinking frequency, which is configured to be started each time it elapses during the activity, has elapsed in accordance with the control of the processor, The step of providing a drinking button operably connected to the processor, which is configured to transmit a drinking command to the processor, A method wherein, when the user activates the drink button, the processor is configured to turn on the electric motor for a runtime configured to distribute the fluid drink volume, and to deliver the fluid drink volume for consumption from the fluid reservoir to the user via the fluid delivery device.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid drinking volume range is 5 milliliters or more and 25 milliliters or less.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid drinking volume range is 5 milliliters or more and 50 milliliters or less.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fluid drinking frequency range is 30 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fluid drinking frequency range is 30 seconds or more and 10 minutes or less.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fluid drinking frequency range is 30 seconds or more and 4 minutes or less.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of fluid consumed is 5 milliliters or more and 25 milliliters or less.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the frequency of fluid consumption is 30 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less.

9. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of providing computer executable software configured to run on a personal electronic device, which is configured to communicate at least temporarily with a processor.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the computer executable software includes an algorithm configured to run on the personal electronic device.

11. The method according to claim 10, comprising the step of receiving, via the personal electronic device that executes the algorithm, at least one static variable that describes the user for the algorithm, the at least one static variable that describes the user, comprising weight, height, age, or gender.

12. The method according to claim 11, comprising the step of receiving, via the personal electronic device that executes the algorithm, at least one static variable that describes the activity to the algorithm, the static variable that describes the activity comprising activity difficulty, distance traveled, altitude traveled, or activity description.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the step of determining the sweat rate via the algorithm is at least partially based on the at least one static variable describing the user and the at least one static variable describing the activity.

14. The method according to claim 13, comprising the step of receiving the fluid delivery schedule from the personal electronic device by the processor.

15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step of enabling the user to adjust the fluid delivery schedule between fluid intake ranges and between fluid intake frequency ranges via the personal electronic device.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the adjustment of the fluid intake amount and the fluid intake frequency are linked to each other, and a single adjustment of the fluid delivery schedule changes both the fluid intake amount and the fluid intake frequency, respectively, but remains within their respective ranges, and the fluid delivery rate for the activity does not change.

17. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step of determining and inputting to the algorithm via the personal electronic device at least one static variable that describes the environment for determining the sweat rate, the static variable that describes the environment comprising ambient temperature, relative humidity, altitude, solar radiation load, wind speed, and wet-bulb temperature.

18. The method according to claim 14, comprising the step of receiving, via the personal electronic device that executes the algorithm, at least one static variable that describes a microclimate for determining the rate of perspiration, wherein the static variable describes a microclimate comprising clothing, a vehicle enclosure, a welding suit, chemical protective clothing, and / or a high-temperature environment.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sweating rate is equal to the amount of sweat necessary for body cooling minus the cooling of the body by radiation, conduction, and convection.

20. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of preventing the user from distributing the fluid outside of the fluid delivery schedule.

21. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of enabling the user to distribute the fluid amount outside of the fluid delivery schedule without adjusting the fluid delivery schedule.

22. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining a fluid delivery schedule from the fluid delivery rate includes adding a buffer amount configured to take into account the dehydration state of the user at the start of the activity.

23. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sweat rate determined by the algorithm does not take into account the dynamic heart rate measurement of the user during the activity.

24. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sweat rate determined by the algorithm does not take into account the dynamic sweat rate measurement of the user during the activity.

25. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step of calculating a fluid delivery schedule compliance score based on how strictly the user followed the fluid delivery schedule via the personal electronic device.

26. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method for delivering the fluid to the user during the activity does not involve the use of a flow meter.

27. The method according to claim 14, wherein the algorithm determines the sweat rate, which is a predicted sweat rate, before the activity is performed.

28. The method according to claim 1, wherein the activity does not include a sedentary activity having a heart rate of less than 90 beats / minute.

29. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid delivery device includes a headset configured to be worn by the user, comprising a fluid spout having an orifice diameter located in front of the user's mouth, and distributing the amount of fluid to be consumed from the fluid spout to the user when the user activates the drinking button.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the flow rate from the fluid inlet of the fluid pump driven by the electric motor is a minimum of 0.6 liters / min and a maximum of 1 liter / min.

31. The method according to claim 29, wherein the orifice diameter of the fluid inlet is a minimum of 2.5 mm and a maximum of 3.2 mm.

32. The method according to claim 1, comprising a refill button electronically connected to the processor, configured to operate the electric motor in the opposite direction to the drinking button, thereby enabling the fluid reservoir to be filled through the fluid delivery device.

33. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid reservoir, the fluid pump, the electric motor, the battery, the processor, the at least one alarm device, and the drinking button are all integrated and / or housed in a backpack configured to be worn by the user.

34. The method according to claim 9, comprising the steps of calibrating the electric motor, the electric pump, and the fluid delivery device to provide the fluid drinking volume, the steps of: instructing the user via the personal electronic device to continue pressing the drinking button until a predetermined amount of fluid is delivered from the fluid delivery device into a measuring container; measuring the amount of time required to reach the predetermined amount of fluid; calculating the actual flow rate; and using the actual flow rate to determine the running time of the electric motor to provide the fluid drinking volume.

35. A method for delivering fluid to a user during activity, wherein the method is A process for providing a fluid reservoir, A step of providing a fluid pump that is in fluid communication with the aforementioned fluid reservoir, A step of providing a fluid delivery device configured to deliver the fluid for consumption to the user, the fluid delivery device being in fluid communication with the fluid pump, A step of providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump, A step of providing a battery configured to supply power to the electric motor, The process of providing a processor that is electrically connected to the electric motor that drives the fluid pump and controls the electric motor, Computer executable software configured to run on a personal electronic device, configured to communicate at least temporarily with the processor, The process of providing computer executable software, which includes an algorithm configured to run on the personal electronic device, The steps include receiving, via the personal electronic device that executes the algorithm, at least one static variable that describes the user for the algorithm, the static variable comprising weight, height, age, or gender, The steps include receiving, via the personal electronic device that executes the algorithm, at least one static variable that describes the activity, comprising activity difficulty, distance traveled, altitude traveled, or activity description, for the purpose of the algorithm, A step of determining the sweat rate based on the at least one static variable describing the user and the at least one static variable describing the activity via the algorithm, A step of setting the sweat rate equal to the fluid delivery rate of the activity, A fluid delivery schedule including the amount of fluid to be consumed and the frequency of fluid consumption based on the user's expected fluid loss due to sweat during the activity, The amount of fluid consumed is limited by a fluid consumption range, where the fluid consumption range is 5 milliliters or more and 25 milliliters or less. The frequency of fluid consumption of the aforementioned fluid is constrained by a fluid consumption frequency range, and the fluid delivery schedule is such that the fluid consumption frequency range is 30 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less. The process of determining the fluid delivery rate via the aforementioned algorithm, The processor performs the steps of receiving the fluid delivery schedule from the personal electronic device, The step of providing at least one alarm device electronically connected to the processor, the alarm device comprising a light, a speaker, and / or a vibrator, The process of repeatedly notifying the user by at least one alarm device each time the fluid drinking frequency, which is configured to be started each time it elapses during the activity, has elapsed in accordance with the control of the processor, The step of providing a drinking button operably connected to the processor, which is configured to transmit a drinking command to the processor, A method wherein, when the user activates the drink button, the processor is configured to turn on the electric motor for a runtime configured to distribute the fluid drink volume, and to deliver the fluid drink volume for consumption from the fluid reservoir to the user via the fluid delivery device.

36. A method for delivering fluid to a user during activity, wherein the method is A process for providing a fluid reservoir, A step of providing a fluid pump that is in fluid communication with the aforementioned fluid reservoir, A step of providing a fluid delivery device configured to deliver the fluid for consumption to the user, the fluid delivery device being in fluid communication with the fluid pump, A step of providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump, A step of providing a battery configured to supply power to the electric motor, The process of providing a processor that is electrically connected to the electric motor that drives the fluid pump and controls the electric motor, A fluid delivery schedule, comprising the step of determining a fluid delivery schedule that includes the amount of fluid to be consumed and the frequency of fluid consumption based on the user's expected loss of bodily fluids due to sweat during the activity, The step of providing at least one alarm device that electrically communicates with the processor, the alarm device comprising a light, a speaker, and / or a vibrator, The process of repeatedly notifying the user by at least one alarm device each time the fluid drinking frequency, which is configured to be started each time it elapses during the activity, has elapsed in accordance with the control of the processor, The step of providing a drinking button operably connected to the processor, which is configured to transmit a drinking command to the processor, A method wherein, when the user activates the drink button, the processor is configured to turn on the electric motor for a runtime configured to distribute the fluid drink volume, and to deliver the fluid drink volume for consumption from the fluid reservoir to the user via the fluid delivery device.

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