Control systems and methods for realizing nuclear processes and coherent fusion during explosive blow-up modes of self-harmonious electromagnetic confinement

Abstract

The objective of the present invention is to create a system capable of controlling nuclear processes and coherent fusion during the initiation and development of explosive blow-up modes of self-harmonious electromagnetic confinement. The claimed system is capable of controlling blow-up modes in the target condensate and the surrounding medium. The system also has a specially shaped multi-component plasma electrode to ensure effective beam focusing. The system allows for control of the environment around the electrode to ensure high values ​​of the beam volume charge parameter in the target over sufficiently long time intervals. Furthermore, the system uses a plasma structure having specific heterogeneity and transientity in the electron beam focusing zone, thereby providing sufficient shock to alter the energy direction of the process. The system also includes a source of an electromagnetic field having a specific toroidal topology and a high proportion of radial component, which controls the value and internal structure of the Coulomb barrier of the core of the reactor target fuel. In addition, the system has a device that converts the kinetic energy and electromagnetic radiation of fusion products over a wide range of energies into electrical and thermal energy.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a technique for controlling nuclear processes, and more particularly nuclear fusion in condensed matter, and concerns a technique in which a controlled self-consistent Pycno nuclear process, more particularly a controlled coherent inertial fusion process, can occur under self-harmonious inertial electromagnetic confinement in a blow-up mode, and also to a design of a device for electromagnetic control of nuclear fusion, based on a relativistic plasma diode having a system of controlled plasma electrodes and virtual electrodes and current, which occurs during the development of a process initiated by a high-voltage potential difference pulse of appropriate shape applied between a plasma cathode system and an anode system after a specific time delay to a series of moments of operation of a driver that form a required distribution of plasma components of different energies, as well as electromagnetic fields and currents of different amplitudes, in the electron beam focusing zone.

[0002] This technology is primarily intended to use electromagnetic control of the fusion process to convert the nuclei of some chemical elements into the nuclei of other chemical elements, including the synthesis of stable transuranic elements, to obtain mainly stable isotopes of chemical elements, process radioactive waste containing long-lived isotopes into materials containing short-lived and / or stable isotopes, release fusion energy in the form of kinetic energy of fusion products with specific distributions of composition and energy, electromagnetic fields and currents over a wide range of frequencies, and convert these various components of the target explosion energy into thermal and / or electrical energy at output.

[0003] Terms and Definitions The target is a single-use input for the impact compression of at least one arbitrary isotope of at least one chemical element, which is the raw material for obtaining transmutation products, and optionally, as a primary energy carrier for energy production; A diode or plasma diode is a system of electrodes (more specifically, these may be plasma electrodes) placed within a volume filled with a vacuum (a specific degree of vacuum, i.e., a specific pressure of neutral gas) or plasma (generally heterogeneous); A plasma electrode is a consumable component of the negative or positive electrode of a diode that can generate a plasma shell (injected by a special device into the near-surface layer material) with a nearly zero electron or ion work function (during a specific time interval between discharge pulses); A plasma cathode system is a system of one or more (metallic, dielectric, and / or virtual) electrodes surrounded by a plasma layer that emit electrons from their surfaces; A virtual electrode is a potential barrier or potential "hole" within the plasma volume between real electrodes, resulting from the distribution of space charge generated by the flow of charged particles within the volume. For example, a virtual cathode partially transmits and partially reflects these particle flows. A concentrator anode is the single-use portion of a diode anode that acts as a target, and may be at least a single-layer shell made of a solid, durable material, with the target portion made of another material also fixed axially inside to ensure acoustic contact; Focusing space is the volume within the diode vacuum chamber that spatially confines a common geometric axis of symmetry of a specific length of the diode electrodes, and within that volume (under the absence of obstacles, a predetermined value for the emission surface area of ​​the plasma cathode, electron energy, and current density) that allows for the pinching of the electron beam due to the self-focusing of relativistic electrons; A fusion driver is a physical object that delivers the energy necessary for either fusion or fusion control to the region of the fusion process; A coupled vibration system is a vibration system with two or more degrees of freedom, which can be considered as a set of separate systems that interact (couple) with each other. Resonance is the correspondence between the spatial and temporal structure of a system and external influences; System impedance is a value characterizing the inertia and dissipation of a system (the ratio of a force to the velocity it causes, that is, the rate of change of inertia); Parametric instability is an instability of a vibration system, that is, an exponential increase in the energy of the system caused by temporal changes in impedance; An open system is a system that exchanges energy, mass, and information with the environment; A closed system is a system that does not exchange energy, mass, and information with the environment. Energy and information are conserved in a closed system; A structure is a set of system components that have many stable connections between the components; A dissipative structure is a steady state of an open system that is the result of the dissipation of energy continuously coming from the outside; A phase diagram refers to the possible states of the system in its phase space. It is a set of trajectories of the system in the phase space of the system; A phase space (state space) is a multi-dimensional space whose coordinates serve as parameters that completely describe the state of the system; Dissipation is the process of energy dissipation, its conversion into a less organized form; Viscosity is a property of a medium that resists external influences, resulting from internal friction occurring between parts of the medium. Viscosity is usually positive, and due to negative feedback, it converts regular movement into chaotic (thermal) movement of the medium. An ill-posed problem and regularization refers to a problem that is unstable with respect to changes in initial values, for which standard methods cannot be used to solve it, and special regularization methods are required for its solution; The embedding dimension of a system is the minimum number of parameters that completely describe the state of the system; A fractal dimension is a fractional dimension that characterizes the self-similarity and scale invariance of a system; A fractal object is an object that has the properties of self-similarity or scale invariance; Mass defect is a change in mass (inertia) as a result of changes in the structure of a system and its connections; Fusion is the process of forming a new structure, that is, the process of forming new connections; Nuclear matter is a model of a medium composed of nucleons, and its boundaries are not considered; The binding energy (for a given state of a system) is the difference between the energy of the system's components in a stationary state, where they are infinitely far from each other and undergoing slight motion, and the total energy of the system in its bound states. For a system of particles at infinite distance in a stationary state, the binding energy is assumed to be equal to zero; that is, energy is released when a bound state is formed. The binding energy is equal to the minimum work required to decompose the system into its components. Binding energy characterizes the stability of a system; the higher the binding energy, the more stable the system. Confinement means maintaining a system of plasma particles in a required state; Magnetic confinement means maintaining a system of particles in a required state using a quasi-steady magnetic field with a specific configuration; Electrostatic confinement means maintaining plasma particles in a desired state by an electrostatic field from a steady-state electrode system (usually one with centrosymmetry). The electrostatic field accelerates charged particles toward the center or toward the symmetry axis of the field that can hold ions for a long time. In such a plasma, virtual electrodes, the cathode and anode, may appear with radial focusing and centrosymmetry of the system. They have the characteristics of real electrodes but cause virtually no loss to the flow of charged particles circulating through them. The density of the charged particle flow injected into the plasma is sufficiently high (q VC >q cr In that case, a virtual electrode should be formed within the advection space; Energy efficiency coefficient Q W This is the ratio of the energy released by the device to the energy consumed to operate it; Target energy efficiency coefficient Q Tag This is the ratio of the energy released by the device to the energy delivered to the device; Inertia is a property of a system that maintains the state of the system and resists changes under the influence of excitation; Inertial means based on the use of the inertial properties of a system, that is, the connections in the system and variations in said connections; A pycnonuclear process is a process in which, during the process, the interaction between components of electron-nuclear plasma and electron-nucleon plasma causes at least a change in the isotopic composition of a target in the "low-temperature" state of the target material compressed to an ultra-high density state; Inertial confinement means maintaining a system of plasma particles in a required state due to the inertia of the components of the system (due to inertial mass); Shock compression is the isentropic pulsed action of a self-focusing density wave converging on at least a portion of a target; Cumulative effect refers to the concentration of explosion energy in a specific direction, which increases as energy moves in the specific direction; Implosion is a physical effect accompanied by an energy flow directed inward of a system (an explosion directed inward); An ultra-high density state is a state of at least a portion of a target after shock compression, in which a substantial part of the target material is converted into electron-nuclear plasma and electron-nucleon plasma; System control is an external influence exerted on a system (on parameters of the system) to change the development direction of the system (that is, to change the internal structure of the system); Developing shock [Formula] refers to the acceleration of the power density of driver energy absorbed in the volume near the surface of a target during a characteristic time τ eff , and the acceleration of the power density P of driver energy absorbed in the volume V near the surface of the target during the characteristic time τ eff divided by V, where P is the driver energy absorbed in the volume V near the surface of the target during the characteristic time τ int . This value characterizes the coherent acceleration in the system. dis / V int . This value characterizes the coherent acceleration in the system. Acceleration of power density due to dissipative losses

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[0004] The fundamental problem facing humanity today is to secure an energy supply for further human development that is large enough to meet rapidly increasing needs without the risk of further harmful impacts on nature.

[0005] With the dawn of the 21st century, the use of fossil fuels for energy production has become increasingly unacceptable, primarily for environmental reasons, and nuclear energy is the only option and fundamental source of energy generation for the future. This fact has led the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) to formulate the following four fundamental requirements for large-scale nuclear energy production in the future. 1. Unlimited stockpiles of raw materials for nuclear fuel production, sufficient for several centuries. 2. Equivalence between the amount of radioactivity extracted from the Earth's interior and the amount of radioactivity discarded there after burning isotopes of fossil core materials. 3. Certain conditions to guarantee the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. 4. Environmental safety of nuclear fuel facilities.

[0006] Regarding the fourth point, it should be noted that currently available reactors cannot be operated effectively under reduced loads in safety mode. No solution implemented or currently under development for the energy problem has yet been able to satisfy all of the above natural requirements. For example, all known and currently under-developed controlled fusion devices use reactions consisting of a very large number of interactions between a small number of nuclei (most often collisions and interactions between two nuclei). The number of such collisions by pairs must ensure that the energy yield is greater than the energy consumed to initiate the process. At the same time, the nuclear interactions occur ideally according to the laws of the inertial reference frame, and in this case, the collective nature of fusion is ensured by the quasi-equilibrium thermodynamics of the state of the system with many nuclei interacting in pairs. In this case, control of the reaction is very limited and occurs through controlling the probability of the fusion process by only three thermodynamic parameters of the nuclear system: density, pressure, and temperature. In this case, under the condition that the proportion of reacting atomic nuclei is exponentially small compared to the ratio of the characteristic energy of the nuclear process to the temperature of the material, the entire system is simultaneously heated, and therefore this process requires a considerable amount of energy consumption and is inefficient. Effective control is desirable using relatively small amounts of external energy, and it is desirable to utilize the potential instability of the system and the internal energy of the system itself.

[0007] The claimed invention solves the aforementioned global energy problem by realizing a system and method for controlling the characteristics of nuclear processes, thereby producing an efficient energy source that meets all IAEA requirements.

[0008] More specifically, the system described in this patent solves the following main problems: 1) Energy release between fusions; 2) Conversion (utilization) of energy into other forms (e.g., electrical energy) 3) Neutralization of harmful substances, because the primary (harmful) material can be used during the fusion process, and this fusion leads to its conversion into other, lighter chemical elements that do not harm the environment.

[0009] The following describes the specific technical solutions that constitute prior art to the claimed invention.

[0010] Prior art [1] provides a solution based on simultaneously increasing the plasma density and temperature from paired fusion reaction components, provided that criteria for initiating the fusion reaction (criteria for self-ignition of the fusion reaction) are met, and using a magnetic field to maintain the plasma in this high-temperature state for a sufficiently long period. The startup condition is achieving the corresponding boundary parameters.

[0011] The drawback of this solution is that, as is characteristic of the reaction described above, this method results in low efficiency in the use of nuclear fuel.

[0012] Furthermore, prior art [2] has provided solutions based on plasma inertial confinement. The most well-known type of inertial fusion currently under development is laser inertial fusion, in which the energy efficiency of the process is actually achieved, which is greater than 1 for the energy delivered to the target but less than 1 for the total energy consumed.

[0013] The drawback of this solution is that energy fusion occurs only after the reaction ignites in the central region of the target, and is only effective at the start of plasma expansion. At the same time, only a small portion of the nuclear fuel participates in the reaction during the relatively short time of inertial confinement.

[0014] Furthermore, solutions based on the principle of hydrodynamic compression are known from prior art [3]. This solution has the same drawbacks as the inertial fusion described above.

[0015] Prior art [4], [5], [6], [7], [8] also provides technical solutions based on plasma confinement using an electrostatic field.

[0016] The drawback of this solution is that the plasma density in the electrostatic potential well is low, and therefore the number of fuel nuclei involved in the fusion process is small.

[0017] A common drawback of the technical solutions cited above is the lack of additional control and self-harmony in the fusion process.

[0018] In addition, prior art [9] provides a known technical solution by S. Adamenko, which uses pulsed electron beam impact and self-focusing on the surface of the target to initiate a fusion process as the material compression region moves from the surface layer to the depths of the target, to a region close to the center of symmetry of the target, thereby involving the region close to the center in the fusion process as well.

[0019] A key feature of this solution is its ability to perform a truly collective reaction, differing from the aforementioned technical solutions in that it involves a much larger number of nuclei. Furthermore, the types of nuclei involved in the process can practically be any stable or unstable radioactive nuclei (with varying degrees of efficiency). This method, in principle, solves the problem of the sharp increase in the amount of material involved in the fusion process (compared to other methods) and, at the same time, makes it possible to use almost any condensed matter as nuclear fuel by controlling the fusion using the internal energy of the system itself. A further significant advantage of S. Adamenco's technical solution is that it initiates a process to adjust the properties of the nuclei (nuclear binding energy and mass defect) during the fusion process.

[0020] The drawback of this method is that the parameters that control the fusion process are limited, and as a result, there is no possibility of operationally controlling the characteristics and stability of the fuel nuclei involved in the fusion process.

[0021] There are known technical solutions to the problem of controlling nuclear processes, that is, controlling the properties and stability of atomic nuclei using electromagnetic fields

[10] , and solutions for generating and delivering the necessary electromagnetic fields to target regions.

[0022] The drawback of these technical solutions is that they are inefficient because they do not offer the opportunity to use the set of parameters necessary to control fusion, making it impossible to directly use them to control the fusion process.

[0023] The closest similar solution to the claimed technical solution is a method of shock compression of a material, an apparatus for realizing the method, and a plasma electrode for the apparatus, described in Ukrainian Patent No. UA71084C2 and published document

[11] . The subject matter of the above invention is a technical solution for controlling the internal structure and properties of a system of multiple nuclei and the source of the energy released as a result of nuclear fusion. That is, the release of binding energy at the nuclear level occurs as a result of electromagnetic control of reactions that reconstruct the internal structure of a system of interacting nuclei, which leads to the transition of atomic nuclei to a specific state (correlated coherent state) with a reduced Coulomb barrier. The specified components significantly distinguish our technology from conventional variations of so-called controlled nuclear fusion that primarily use only three quasi-equilibrium control parameters, namely temperature, density, and the confinement time of the state using these parameters.

[0024] Those skilled in the art know that the synthesis of chemical elements is constantly occurring within stars. Recent studies have shown that most heavy elements are synthesized within collapsing stars. Under Earth's conditions, these “intrastellar nucleosynthesis processes” have already been realized under artificial conditions. Thus, the process of artificial synthesis of nuclei during the implosion (collapse) of matter was first applied in nuclear weapons developed in the 20th century.

[12] This type of fusion, which proceeds due to the Pycno-nuclear process or compression process

[13] , is now applied in so-called inertial fusion. Prior art

[14] is known to have achieved several successes by American scientists. The physical steps of the fusion process in this case were presented by Edward Teller, one of the inventors of the implosion process and the design of thermonuclear bombs.

[14] For clarity, he compared inertial fusion to an internal combustion engine. In inertial fusion, in the implosion (inward explosion) mode, an energy flow acts on the surface of a passive piston, moving this piston “towards the center.” Under the action of the reaction force thus generated, the high-density region (the edge of the nonlinear wave) moves toward the center, compressing the target. The compression of the target's center ignites the nuclear fuel at the center of the target (initiating the first fusion reaction in the fuel located in the target's central region). The target's central region explodes, scattering particles of its material. Simultaneously, "nuclear burning" occurs, releasing energy until critical density and temperature are maintained, and this energy can be further extracted from the target in the form of heat. In such facilities, high-current beams of relativistic electrons, lasers, and X-ray radiation are used as drivers for the fusion process. Various attempts to realize different types of inertial fusion are currently being made in various laboratories [14,16,34].

[0025] This invention describes a method for shock compression of a material using a relativistic vacuum diode, and an apparatus (system) for realizing this method, which has been selected as a prototype for this application. This prototype solves the following three problems: 1) The relative universality of reactor fuels; 2) The potential to use nuclear fusion to generate energy across a wide range of scales, from the amounts required for daily life to industrial-scale energy; 3) The possibility of efficient fuel use with minimal waste.

[0026] The shortcomings of the claimed technical solution in the prototype include the following: 1) The listed control parameters: the amplitude of the voltage pulse, the gap between the cathode and anode, and the target size initiate inertial fusion within the target, but do not allow for control over the characteristics of the blow-up mode within the target, because there are no parameters that can control the parameters of the voltage pulse, the current pulse, and therefore the possibility of initiating the decay process within the target; 2) The described components of the electron beam for controlling nuclear fusion within the target do not allow for control of the initiation of the decay process, and this is due to the parameter, q VC a p , and q EM Because there is no physical means to change it; 3) The proposed device (system) in the prototype operates inefficiently and does not provide the ability to control the fusion process during the applied voltage pulse for the following reasons: a. The physical properties of the space surrounding the electrodes do not meet the requirements for the optimal initiation of the decay (blow-up mode) in the target, which may not allow for the acquisition of the necessary energy to be released during fusion, or may even interrupt the fusion process. b. The system lacks the ability to control the startup sequence of additional drivers and the high-voltage devices that are part of those drivers, which renders parameter q invalid. VC a p , and q EM This can lead to the initiation of a collapse (blow-up mode), or even the failure to initiate the blow-up mode, and therefore to the failure of the fusion process; c. There is no system that controls the electron beam dynamics within the diode to ensure a controlled focusing space, which is due to the control parameter q being outside the optimal range of values. VC a p This can lead to deviations and, therefore, a decrease in the efficiency of the entire coherent fusion process; d. The absence of a matching line (between the high-voltage source and the diode, i.e., between the diode input and the diode itself) worsens the beam control effect on the target, and furthermore, parameter q VC a p , and q EM If the value deviates from the optimal range, the optimal fusion mode may be interrupted.

[0027] Therefore, due to the incomplete set of variable parameters of the described device, the absence of some control components within the device, and the use of only a portion of all the necessary electromagnetic field components, the following becomes impossible: 1) To effectively control the process of fusion development in the blow-up mode initiated at the surface layer of the diode's anode target; 2) To achieve high energy release during the target explosion; 3) Sufficiently increase the amount of fusion.

[0028] All of the above leads to the fact that energy production for industrial applications cannot be solved without its development, at least within the realm of prototypes.

[0029] The proposed technical solutions are based on improvements (modifications) to previously realized fusion facilities, such as those described in

[15] , including those that increase the density of the target material in the process of initiating its self-consistent decay.

[0030] To compress the target, a series of high-current electron accelerator modules arranged around the target has traditionally been used.

[16] For example, this principle is realized in the Angara multimodule electron inertial fusion facility, which consists of eight electron accelerator modules arranged along the outer perimeter of the reaction chamber.

[34]

[0031] In the actual implementation of the technical solution by S. Adamenco, which was selected as a prototype

[15] , it was possible to realize the implosion process within the target using only one module, which was made as a cathode-anode unit of a high-current diode within the Proton-21 facility. The use of the prototype makes it possible to focus the electron beam onto the target surface, initiate the implosion process, and explode the target in the process during which new elements are synthesized. The fusion of new elements in this facility has been demonstrated by Proton-21 studies

[19] ,

[20] . The prototype

[15] has some drawbacks, which will be discussed later, but these can be overcome by the claimed technical solution, which will make it possible to obtain an explosion energy exceeding the energy delivered to the target by the beam driver.

[0032] The following patent application describes the features of the cathode-anode module that eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype and outlines the basic conditions necessary for realizing the fusion process. [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0033] The goal of the claimed invention is to create a system that achieves the following functionality: 1) The system is: a. Controlling the size and thickness of the initial compression region of the target material, and the extent of the wave-edge compression region from the periphery to the center of the target; b. The controlled realization of the fusion process in a region of sufficient matter density for these processes, and the release of fusion energy as the wave edge propagates toward the center of the target; c. Controlled accumulation of the target's released nuclear energy, occurring during the movement of the region of increasing matter density and during the explosion at the center of the target. By providing this, it is possible to control the blow-up mode in the target condensate and the medium surrounding the target. 2) The system has multi-component plasma electrodes of a special shape (to ensure effective beam focusing) that allows for a significant increase in the current within the plasma diode; 3) The system uses an electromagnetic source and / or a laser radiation source to apply voltage pulses to the diode electrodes, and over a sufficiently long time interval, the beam volume charge parameter q VC To ensure high values, and to enable control of the medium surrounding the electrodes; 4) The system uses a plasma structure with specific heterogeneity and transientity in the electron beam focusing zone, thereby generating a sufficient shock q to change the energy direction of the process. P A high-voltage discharge plasma, plasma gun, and / or laser source are provided, and in this case, a high-voltage discharge plasma, plasma gun, and / or laser source are used to realize those processes; 5) The system has a specific toroidal topology and a high proportion of radial components (q) to control the values ​​and internal structure of the Coulomb barriers of the atoms and nuclei of the reactor target fuel. EM Including a source of an electromagnetic field having ) 6) The system has a device that converts the kinetic energy and electromagnetic radiation of fusion products at a wide range of energies generated during the fusion process into electrical energy, which can then be used or stored in an energy storage device. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0034] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows a general block diagram of the proposed system. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the main physical regions of the reaction chamber. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows characteristic types of voltage pulses in the gap between the cathode and anode, currents in the gap between the cathode and anode, and in the space behind the anode. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows the block diagram of the first additional fusion driver. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows a block diagram of the second additional fusion driver. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows a block diagram of the third additional fusion driver. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows a block diagram illustrating how the kinetic energy of explosion products is converted into electrical energy stored in an energy storage system. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows a block diagram illustrating how the energy of the electric current and electromagnetic field that has passed through the explosion region is converted into electrical energy stored in the energy storage system. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows a block diagram illustrating the conversion of radiant energy and explosive plasma into electrical and thermal energy. [Figure 10] Figure 10 shows a block diagram illustrating how the energy of the electromagnetic field after the target explosion is converted into electrical energy stored in the energy storage system. [Figure 11] Figure 11 shows the structure of the edges (shells) of the nonlinear waves with central symmetry (spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, and combinations thereof) within the target while coherent fusion is being initiated. [Figure 12] Figure 12 shows our experimental data of light intensity recorded as a function of time at three points by a monochromator, and the calculated velocity of the target explosion product based on the time spent traveling the distance between the corresponding points. [Figure 13]Figure 13.1 shows the dynamics of the shell density in common logarithms as a function of the ratio of the distances traveled to the decay point according to the decay velocity when the implosion is developing in an active blow-up mode. Figure 13.2 shows the dependence of the ratio of the shell density to the initial target density on the charge number of the nuclide in common logarithms, for which the given charge number of the nuclide is the optimal ratio known to experts in nuclear astrophysics. [Figure 14]Figure 14 shows the equivalent electrical circuit diagram of a device that converts an input kinetic energy flow into output current and voltage pulses. In this figure, L0 and R0 are the effective electrical parameters of the energy flow, L1, C1, and R1 are the electrical parameters of the first circuit of the device, and L2, C2, and R2 are the electrical parameters of the second circuit of the device as described in

[30] . The attached drawings are denoted by the following reference numerals: 1.0 - Industrial electrical network module; 1.1 - Charging module for primary energy storage device; 1.2 - Primary energy storage device; 1.3 - Control module for primary energy storage device (1.2) for units (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7), where module (1.11) is designed for preparing the reaction chamber (1.8) and module (1.10) is designed for supplying the target (1.10.1); 1.4 - Module for main fusion driver 4 [to deliver energy to the target]; 1.4.1 - Unit to synchronize primary energy storage device (1.2) and generate energy flow for fusion driver 4; 1.4.2 - Unit to coordinate the energy flow for fusion driver 4 and the target (1.10.1); 1.5 - Module for additional fusion driver 3 [to control the initiation of nonlinear waves in the target and modify the properties of the target material]; 1.5.1 - Unit that adjusts and synchronizes the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) and the energy flow of additional fusion driver #3; 1.5.2 - Unit that generates the energy flow of fusion driver #3; 1.6 - Additional fusion driver #2 module [controls the initiation of explosive blow-up mode]; 1.6.1 - Unit that adjusts and synchronizes the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) and the energy flow of additional fusion driver #2; 1.6.2 - Unit that generates the energy flow of fusion driver #2; 1.7 - Additional fusion driver #1 module that controls the plasma electrode; 1.7.1 - Unit that adjusts and synchronizes the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) and the energy flow of additional fusion driver #1; 1.7.2 - Unit that generates the energy flow of fusion driver 1; 1.8 - Reaction chamber; 1.9 - Module that extracts the kinetic energy flow (1.12) and high-level radiation energy of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16); 1.10 - Module for sequential supply of targets; 1.10.1 - Target; 1.11 - Module that prepares the reaction chamber (1.8); 1.12 - Kinetic energy flow and high-level radiation energy of fusion products from the target explosion region; 1.13 - Grounded reverse current conductor; 1.14 - Module that converts the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16); 1.14.1 - Unit that extracts the kinetic energy of fusion products; 1.14.2 - Unit that adjusts the converted energy with the output energy storage unit 1 (1.17); 1.15 - Modules for converting the energy flow (1.23) of current and electromagnetic fields from the target explosion region (2.16); 1.15.1 - Unit for extracting electromagnetic radiation energy from the target explosion region (2.16); 1.15.2 - Unit for adjusting the converted energy with output energy storage device 1 (1.17); 1.16 - Modules for converting the energy flow (1.20) in the reverse current region within the grounded reverse current conductor (1.13); 1.16.1 - Unit for extracting the energy of the current in the grounded reverse current conductor (1.13); 1.16.2 - Unit for adjusting the converted energy with output energy storage device 2 (1.18); 1.17 - Output energy storage device 1; 1.18 - Output energy storage device 2; 1.19 - Module for adjusting the unit of output energy storage device 2 (1.18) with the primary energy storage device (1.2); 1.20 - Energy flow in the reverse current region; 1.21 - Output energy flow; 1.22 - Kinetic energy flow of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16); 1.23 - Energy flow of current and electromagnetic field from the target explosion region (2.16); 2.1 - Plasma gun of fusion driver 1; 2.2 - Electromagnetic field generator of fusion driver 1; 2.3 - Plasma gun of fusion driver 2; 2.4 - Toroidal electromagnetic field generator of fusion driver 2; 2.5 - Radial current field generator of fusion driver 3; 2.6 - Plasma generated by fusion driver 1; 2.7 - Multicomponent cathode plasma module; 2.8 - Cathode plasma; 2.9 - Anode plasma structure module; 2.10 - Anode plasma; 2.11 - Special structure coil unit of module (1.15) that converts the current and electromagnetic field energy flow (1.23) from the target explosion region (2.16) to excite voltage and current pulses in their components initiated by the kinetic energy flow of the explosion products of the target (1.10.1); 2.12 - Housing of reaction chamber (1.8); 2.13 - Module for extracting the flow of high-level radiation energy from the target explosion region (2.16) using a blanket that absorbs high-level radiation and extracts thermal energy; 2.14 - Gap between the cathode and anode plasma; 2.15 - Module for extracting the current energy flow that has passed through the target explosion region (2.16) and the anode plasma structure module (2.9); 2.16 - Target explosion region; 3.0 - Preliminary voltage pulses that form the background for the generated high-voltage pulses (3.1); 3.1 - High-voltage pulses whose characteristic shape is set by the following parameters: t0 - Delay of the high-voltage pulse relative to the moment of pulse generation start; U0 - Voltage amplitude of the previous pulse; tp - Duration of the high-voltage pulse; tf - Duration of the leading edge of the pulse; tb - Duration of the trailing edge of the pulse; tmax - Moment the pulse reaches its maximum value; Up - Amplitude of the high-voltage pulse; 3.2 - Current pulse in the gap between the cathode and anode; 3.3 - Current pulse in the space behind the anode after passing through the anode plasma region and the target explosion region; 4.1 - Module for synchronizing the pulse device of fusion driver 1 with the signal from module (1.3); 4.2 - Source of pulsed current and voltage for fusion driver 1; 4.3 - Module for setting the signal offset of fusion driver 1; 4.4 - Plasma gun for focusing the electron beam of fusion driver 1; 4.5 - Module for generating pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation to control the start of the radiation process by the cathode unit of fusion driver 1; 5.1 - Module for synchronizing the pulsed equipment of fusion driver 2 with the signal from module (1.3); 5.2 - Source of pulsed current and voltage for fusion driver 2; 5.3 - Module for setting the signal offset of fusion driver 2; 5.4 - Plasma gun for focusing the electron beam of fusion driver 2; 5.5 - Module for generating pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation for fusion driver 2 to control the shape of the beam current and the process of generating the blow-up mode at the target (1.10.1); 6.1 - Module for synchronizing the pulsed equipment of fusion driver 3 with the signal from module (1.3); 6.2 - Source of pulsed current and voltage for fusion driver 3; 6.3 - Module for setting the signal offset of fusion driver 3; 6.4 - Module of fusion driver 3 that generates radial current to focus and / or self-focus the electron beam onto the target surface (1.10.1); 6.5 - Module of fusion driver 3 that generates pulsed electromagnetic radiation with longitudinal polarization to control the blow-up mode on the target (1.10.1) and the properties of the target material in the target explosion region; 7.1 - Condensing working medium of the module, made of ferroelectric and / or ferromagnetic material and / or a finely dispersed mixture of dielectric and conductive components; 7.2 - Unit that extracts the energy flow of voltage and current pulses initiated in the condensing working medium (7.1) by the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16); 7.3 - Module that coordinates the output energy flow of unit (7.2) with the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17); 8.1 - A unit for extracting the current and electromagnetic field energy flows (1.23) from the target explosion region (2.16); 8.2 - The target explosion energy extracted in unit (8.1) is used in module (8.3) Transmission line that transmits to and converts the extracted energy flow and coordinates with the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17); 8.3 - Module that converts the extracted energy flow and coordinates with the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17); 9.1 - Module that converts the energy released in the module blanket (2.13) into electrical energy and / or thermal energy; 9.2 - Electrical energy storage unit; 9.3 - Thermal energy storage unit; 10.1 - Unit that extracts the energy flow (1.20) of the current in the grounded reverse current conductor (1.13); 10.2 - Transmission line that transmits the energy extracted in unit (10.1) to module (10.3) and converts the extracted energy flow and coordinates with the unit of output energy storage device 2 (1.18); 10.3 - Module that converts the extracted energy flow and coordinates with the unit of output energy storage device 2 (1.18); 11.1 - Inner central portion of the target (fusion fuel); 11.2 - Edge structure (shell) of the nonlinear wave with a center of symmetry and internal structure in the correlated coherent state; 11.3 - Leading edge structure of the nonlinear wave with a center of symmetry in the target; 11.4 - Body of the edge (shell) of the nonlinear wave with a center of symmetry; 11.5 - Trailing edge structure of the nonlinear wave with a center of symmetry; 11.6 - Region of fusion products evaporating from the trailing edge of the nonlinear wave; 11.7 - Target surface boundary with a center of symmetry; 11.8 - Center of symmetry of the edge (shell) of the nonlinear wave in the target; 12.1 - Intensity of the optical signal of the particle flow, measured as a function of time at point 1, which is 0.9 cm away from point 2 (travelable in 0.379 microseconds) and 1.8 cm away from point 3 (travelable in 0.750 microseconds); 12.2 - The intensity of the optical signal of the particle flow, measured as a function of time at point 2, which is 0.9 cm away from point 3 and can be reached in 0.371 microseconds; 12.3 - The intensity of the optical signal of the particle flow, measured as a function of time at point 3. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0035] In this experiment, the particle flow velocity estimated using these data is as follows: u 1-2 = 0.9 cm / 0.379 microseconds = 2.38 × 10 6 cm / s; u 1-3 = 1.8 cm / 0.750 microseconds = 2.40 × 10 6 cm / s; u 2-3 = 0.9 cm / 0.371 microseconds = 2.42 × 10 6 cm / s.

[0036] Note: Due to the large number of modules, the label "Stage 2" is used in each diagram. For example, (2.1) and (4.4) are the same plasma gun when driver 1 is used, and (2.2) and (4.5) are the same electromagnetic field generator when driver 1 is used.

[0037] The claimed control system for nuclear processes and coherent fusion during explosive blow-up modes of self-harmonious electromagnetic confinement comprises the following components: an industrial electrical network module (1.0); a primary energy storage device charging module (1.1); a primary energy storage device (1.2); and a primary fusion driver 4 equipped with module (1.4). Module (1.4) is designed to transfer the primary portion of the control energy from the primary source to the target necessary to initiate the fusion process in the target in blow-up mode.

[0038] For example, the fourth main component of a diode driver is: a) A high-voltage pulse between the cathode and anode plasma system (a typical voltage waveform measured at the cathode is shown in Figure 3.1); b) Current pulses from the plasma cathode system in the space between diode electrodes, caused by high-voltage pulses (a typical current waveform measured at the cathode is shown in Figure 3.2); c) Current pulses within the anode-target system caused by high-voltage pulses (a typical current waveform measured behind the anode is shown in Figure 3.3).

[0039] Simultaneously, module (1.4) comprises a unit (1.4.1) that synchronizes the primary energy storage device (1.2) and generates the energy flow of fusion driver 4; a reaction chamber (1.8); a grounded reverse current conductor (1.13); and a target (1.10.1). The aforementioned primary energy storage device (1.2) is known to those skilled in the art and consists of equally well-known electrophysical devices (high-voltage pulse capacitors and dischargers) described in

[26] and

[28] . The design of module (1.4) is also known from the prototype

[15] .

[0040] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the system further comprises: an additional fusion driver 1 comprising: a module (1.10) for sequentially supplying a target (1.10.1) to a reaction chamber (1.8); a module (1.11) for preparing the reaction chamber (1.8); and a module (1.7) for controlling the plasma electrodes, and simultaneously, module (1.7) comprises an additional fusion driver 2 comprising: a unit (1.7.1) for coordinating and synchronizing the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of the additional fusion driver 1; and a unit (1.7.2) for generating the energy flow of the fusion driver 1; and a module (1.6) for controlling the initiation of the explosive blow-up mode, and Sometimes, module (1.6) includes: a unit (1.6.1) for coordinating and synchronizing the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of the additional fusion driver No. 2, and a unit (1.6.2) for generating the energy flow of the fusion driver No. 2; and an additional fusion driver No. 3 with a module (1.5) for controlling the initiation of nonlinear waves in the target and modifying the properties of the target material. At the same time, module (1.5) includes: a unit (1.5.1) for coordinating and synchronizing the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of the additional fusion driver No. 3, and a unit (1.5.2) for generating the energy flow of the fusion driver No. 3. Meanwhile, under optimal synchronization conditions for units 1.4.1, 1.5.1, 1.6.1, and 1.7.1, the additional fusion driver 3 also controls the process of initiating a nonlinear wave with an edge (11.2), which includes a leading edge structure (11.3), a body of the nonlinear wave edge (11.4), and a trailing edge structure (11.5), and moves from the target surface (11.7) to its center of symmetry (11.8). Meanwhile, the wave with the leading edge (11.3) moves such that the inner central portion of the target (fusion fuel) (11.1) is located in front of it, and the region of fusion products (11.6) evaporating from the trailing edge of the nonlinear wave is located behind it.Meanwhile, the module (1.4) that delivers energy to the target includes a unit (1.4.2) that coordinates the energy flow of fusion driver 4 with the target (1.10.1); output energy storage device 1 (1.17); output energy storage device 2 (1.18); a module (1.3) that controls the primary energy storage device (1.2); a unit (1.4.1) that synchronizes the primary energy storage device (1.2) and generates the energy flow of fusion driver 4; a unit (1.4.2) that coordinates the energy flow of fusion driver 4 with the target (1.10.1); and a unit (1.4.2) that coordinates and synchronizes the energy of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of the additional fusion driver 3. 5.1); a unit (1.5.2) for generating the energy flow of fusion driver 3; a unit (1.6.1) for adjusting and synchronizing the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of additional fusion driver 2; a unit (1.6.2) for generating the energy flow of fusion driver 2; a unit (1.7.1) for adjusting and synchronizing the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of additional fusion driver 1; a unit (1.7.2) for generating the energy flow of fusion driver 1; a module (1.11) for preparing the reaction chamber (1.8); and a module (1.10) for sequentially supplying the target (1.10.1).

[0041] Meanwhile, transmission lines and the heterogeneous plasmas formed therein, known from prior art

[26] ,

[28] ,

[35] , are used as units (1.4.2) to regulate the energy flow. A module (1.11) that prepares the reaction chamber (1.8) is used to create a sufficient vacuum (approximately 10°) within the chamber. -5 It consists of a set of pumps that can produce the required pressure (approximately 10 mmHg). This is well known to those skilled in the art, and involves pumping the required pressure (approximately 10 mmHg). -5 This is a typical unit that prepares the reaction chamber by generating mmHg (Hg) inside the chamber.

[0042] On the other hand, the module (1.14) for converting the kinetic energy flow of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16) comprises, in order, a unit (1.14.1) for extracting the kinetic energy of the fusion products, and a unit (1.14.2) for coordinating the converted energy with a unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17). The module (1.14) for converting kinetic energy is based on known solutions published in the prior art

[30] ,

[31] ,

[32] . In the aforementioned technical solutions, the energy of the explosion in the form of particle kinetic energy is converted into an electric current pulse. This conversion occurs as a result of the emergence of transient inductance and / or transient capacitance (circuits with active elements) due to the flow of explosion products, which emerge in coupled electrical circuits with parametric instability (see Figure 14), e.g., those described in

[37] ,

[38] , and in special, highly polarized environments within the apparatus, e.g., those described in

[30] ,

[31] ,

[32] .

[0043] On the other hand, the module (1.15) for converting the energy flow (1.23) of the current and electromagnetic field from the target explosion region (2.16) comprises, in order, a unit (1.15.1) for extracting electromagnetic radiation energy from the target explosion region, and a unit (1.15.2) for adjusting the converted energy with a unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17). On the other hand, the module (1.16) for converting the energy flow (1.20) in the reverse current region within the grounded reverse current conductor (1.13) comprises, in order, a unit (1.16.1) for extracting the energy of the current in the grounded reverse current conductor (1.13), and a unit (1.16.2) for adjusting the converted energy with a unit of output energy storage device 2 (1.18). The claimed system also comprises a module (1.19) for adjusting the unit of output energy storage device 2 (1.18) with primary energy storage device (1.2).

[0044] The designs of drivers 1, 2, and 3 are based on electromagnetic field generating devices and circuits known from the prior art.

[0045] Therefore, a plasma gun for injecting low-energy plasma into a target region, as described in the Prior Art

[28] , and / or a laser radiation source for ionizing the electrode surface layer, as described in the Prior Art

[26] ,

[28] , and / or a toroidal coil, as described in

[27] , and other physical effects (e.g., discharge at the electrode surface resulting from an applied high voltage) can be used in a system of fusion driver 1 designed to prepare the surrounding medium for primary ionization of the target surface layer.

[0046] The driver 2 system is designed to initiate a blow-up mode in the surrounding medium and the target itself for primary ionization of the surface layer of the condensate. A plasma gun for sufficiently injecting a high-temperature plasma of light elements into the target region, as described in the prior art

[28] , and / or a laser emission source for ionization of the surface layer of the electrode, as described in

[26] ,

[28] , or a toroidal coil of the design described in

[27] , and other devices can be used as drivers. On the other hand, when a plasma diode is used as driver 2, a system for adjusting the energy flow of the primary energy storage device and the energy of the driver 2 system can be implemented in the form of input and output circuit breakers, as described in

[26] , pulse transformers of the design described in

[26] ,

[28] , and / or coaxial and strip lines for forming and transmission as described in

[35] ,

[26] ,

[28] , etc.

[0047] The driver system 3 is designed to control the fusion process in the initial stages of the blow-up mode. The following devices can be used as drivers within the diode: for example, a system of special coils that generate an electromagnetic field with longitudinal polarization, as described in

[36] ; for example, a system of radial pulsed current, as described in

[29] ; for example, a control system for the radial current of a self-focused electron beam, as described in

[15] .

[0048] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the reaction chamber (1.8) comprises the following components: a plasma gun (2.1) of fusion driver 1, preferably arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber and designed to generate plasma (2.6) in the reaction chamber; an electromagnetic field generator (2.2) of fusion driver 1, preferably arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber; a plasma gun (2.3) of fusion driver 2, preferably arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber; an electromagnetic field generator (2.4) of fusion driver 2, preferably arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber; a radial current field generator (2.5) of fusion driver 3, preferably arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber; a multi-component cathode plasma module (2.7) designed to generate a cathode plasma flow (2.8); and an anode plasma flow (2. The system comprises: an anode plasma structure module (2.9) designed to generate 10); a unit (2.11) of coils of a special structure of module (1.15) that converts the current and electromagnetic field energy flow (1.23) from the target explosion region (2.16) to excite pulses of voltage and current in their components initiated by the kinetic energy flow of the explosion products of the target (1.10.1); a housing (2.12) of the reaction chamber (1.8); a target explosion region (2.16); a module (2.13) for extracting the flow of high-level radiation energy from the target explosion region (2.16) using a blanket that absorbs high-level radiation and extracts thermal energy; a gap (2.14) between the cathode and anode plasma flows; and a module (2.15) for extracting the current energy flow that has passed through the target explosion region (2.16) and the anode plasma structure module (2.9).

[0049] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, fusion driver 1 comprises the following components: a module for synchronizing pulsed equipment with signals from module (1.3); a source of pulsed current and voltage (4.2); a module for setting a signal offset (4.3); a plasma gun for focusing an electron beam (4.4); and a module (4.5) for generating pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation to control the initiation of the radiation process by the cathode unit of fusion driver 1.

[0050] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, fusion driver 2 comprises the following components: a module (5.1) for synchronizing pulsed equipment with signals from module (1.3); a source of pulsed current and voltage (5.2); a module (5.3) for setting signal offsets; a plasma gun (5.4) for focusing the electron beam of fusion driver 2; and a module (5.5) for generating pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation to control the process of generating the shape of the beam current and the blow-up mode in the target (1.10.1).

[0051] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, fusion driver 3 comprises the following components: a module (6.1) for synchronizing pulsed equipment with signals from module (1.3); a source of pulsed current and voltage (6.2); a module (6.3) for setting a signal offset; a module (6.4) for generating a radial current to focus and / or self-focus an electron beam on the target surface (1.10.1); and a module (6.5) for generating pulsed electromagnetic radiation with longitudinal polarization to control the blow-up mode on the target (1.10.1).

[0052] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, a module (1.14) for converting the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from a target explosion region (2.16) comprises the following components: a condensing working medium (7.1) of the module made of a ferroelectric and / or ferromagnetic material and / or a finely dispersed mixture of dielectric and conductive components; a unit (7.2) for extracting the energy flow of voltage and current pulses initiated in the condensing working medium (7.1) by the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16); a module (7.3) for coordinating the output energy flow of unit (7.2) with a unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17); and further comprising a unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17).

[0053] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, a module (1.15) for converting the current and electromagnetic field energy flow (1.23) from a target explosion region (2.16) comprises the following components: a unit (8.1) for extracting the current and electromagnetic field energy flow (1.23) from the target explosion region (2.16); a transmission line (8.2) for transmitting the target explosion energy extracted in unit (8.1) to a module (8.3) for converting and adjusting the extracted energy flow with a unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17); and a module (8.3) for converting and adjusting the extracted energy flow with a unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17);

[0054] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, a module (1.9) for extracting the kinetic energy flow (1.12) and high-level radiation energy of fusion products from a target explosion region (2.16) further comprises the following components: a unit (9.1) for converting the energy released in the module blanket (2.13) into electrical and / or thermal energy; an electrical energy storage unit (9.2); and a thermal energy storage unit (9.3).

[0055] Four distinct energy flows originate from the target explosion region. These include the kinetic energy flow of fusion products (1.12) (particle flow) and the kinetic energy flow of high-level radiation (1.22) (including alpha, beta, X-ray, and gamma rays). All of these flows interact with the surrounding material in different ways and lose energy in different media with magnetic and / or electrical polarization within the module (1.9). The demonstrated interactions between the high-energy flow of particles and the quanta of the electromagnetic field are well known to those skilled in the art, for example, from prior technical information sources

[33] .

[0056] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the reaction chamber (1.8) further comprises a multi-component cathode plasma module (2.7) and an anode plasma structure module (2.9).

[0057] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the electrical and electromagnetic structures of the transient plasma are additionally positioned within the electron beam focusing zone to provide sufficient shock to change the energy direction of the process, and at the same time, high-voltage discharge plasma generated by an electromagnetic source, as well as a plasma gun and / or laser source, is used to control the realization of those processes.

[0058] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, within the reaction chamber (1.8), the system further includes a toroidal electromagnetic field generator (2.4) for fusion driver 2 and a radial current field generator (2.5) for fusion driver 3, which control the value and internal structure of the Coulomb barrier of the fuel nucleus of the reactor target (1.10.1).

[0059] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the reaction chamber (1.8) further comprises a module (1.14) for converting the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16); a module (1.15) for converting the energy flow (1.23) of electric current and electromagnetic fields from the target explosion region (2.16); and a module (1.16) for converting the energy flow (1.20) in the reverse current region within a grounded reverse current conductor (1.13). Furthermore, four different types of energy flows are generated from the target explosion region, namely, the energy flows of electric current and electromagnetic fields (1.23) (energy flows of light, microwave radiation, and quasi-steady electromagnetic fields) and the energy flow (1.20) (including infrared radiation). These flows differ in their interaction with matter and lose energy in different media having magnetic and / or electrical polarization within the module (1.9). The demonstrated interaction between a high-energy flow of particles and a quantum electromagnetic field is well known to those skilled in the art, for example, from prior art sources

[33] . On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the system comprises a plurality of additional fusion drivers 1 and / or additional fusion drivers 2 and / or additional fusion driver 3.

[0060] The inventors also propose a method for controlling nuclear processes and coherent fusion during explosive blow-up modes of self-harmonic electromagnetic confinement using the above system. The method according to the claimed invention comprises the following steps: Energy supplied from the industrial electrical network module (1.0) is stored in the primary energy storage device (1.2) using a charging module (1.1) of the primary energy storage device. Module (1.3) controls the primary energy storage device (1.2), the fusion driver units (1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.6.1, 1.6.2, 1.7.1, 1.7.2), the module (1.11) that prepares the reaction chamber (1.8), and the module (1.10) that supplies the target (1.10.1). Module (1.10) is used to realize the sequential supply of the target (1.10.1) to the reaction chamber (1.8) at a specified repeat rate. Module (1.11) is used to prepare the reaction chamber (1.8). Unit (1.7.1) is used to coordinate and synchronize the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of additional fusion driver 1. Additional fusion driver 1 is used to prepare the medium around the target (1.10.1) in the reaction chamber (1.8) to ensure primary ionization of the target surface layer. Unit (1.4.1) is used to generate and synchronize the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of main fusion driver 4. Unit (1.6.1) is used to coordinate and synchronize the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of additional fusion driver 1. Additional fusion drivers 2 and 4 are used in unit (1.4.2) to form a power profile of the energy flow from main fusion driver 4 over time. An additional fusion driver 2 and unit (1.3) are used to control the moment of initiation of the blow-up mode, accumulating energy in the surface layer of the target to initiate a nonlinear wave. The additional fusion driver 2 is used to initiate the blow-up mode in the medium of the reaction chamber (1.8) surrounding the target (1.10.1) and in the target itself to ensure primary ionization of the surface layer of the condensate.Unit (1.5.1) is used to coordinate and synchronize the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of the additional fusion driver 3. The additional fusion driver 3 is used to control the properties of the target material and the fusion process in the initial stages of the blow-up mode. The additional fusion driver 3 and additional fusion driver 2 are used to control the following processes: the initiation of the movement of the nonlinear wave edge (11.2) in a correlated coherent state, having a center of symmetry (11.8) and an internal structure of a leading edge structure (11.3) moving from the surface (11.7) to the center of symmetry (11.8) of the target; the state of the "body" (11.4) of the nonlinear wave edge and the structure of the trailing edge structure (11.5) of the nonlinear wave. Meanwhile, the inner central portion of the target (fusion fuel) (11.1) is located in front of the nonlinear wave, while the region of fusion products (11.6) evaporating from the trailing edge of the nonlinear wave is located behind it. Module (1.14) is used to convert the kinetic energy of the fusion products into electrical energy. Module (1.14.2) is used to coordinate the converted energy with the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17). Module (1.15) is used to convert the kinetic energy flow of fusion products from the target explosion region into electrical energy. Unit (1.15.2) is used to coordinate the converted energy flow with the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17) and store the received energy in output energy storage device 1 (1.17). Module (1.9) is used to convert the kinetic energy flow of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16) into electrical and / or thermal energy. Unit (1.16.1) is used to extract the energy flow (1.20) of the current in the grounded reverse current conductor (1.13). Unit (1.16.2) is used to coordinate the extracted energy with output energy storage device 2 (1.18). Module (1.19) is used to coordinate the output energy storage unit 2 (1.18) with the primary energy storage unit (1.2) to extract the kinetic energy of the fusion products and the energy of electromagnetic radiation.

[0061] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the claimed method further includes the following steps: Using module (4.1), the signal of the pulsed instrument of fusion driver 1 is synchronized with module (1.3). Using source (4.2), pulsed current and voltage are generated. Using module (4.3), the offset of the signal of fusion driver 1 is initiated. Using plasma gun (4.4), the electron beam of fusion driver 4 is focused. Using module (4.5), pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation is generated to control the initiation of the radiation process by the cathode unit of fusion driver 4.

[0062] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the claimed method further includes the following steps: Synchronizing the signals of the pulsed instrument of fusion driver 2 using module (5.1); generating pulsed current and voltage of fusion driver 2 using source (5.2); initiating signal offset of fusion driver 2 using module (5.3); focusing the electron beam of fusion driver 4 using plasma gun (5.4); and generating pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation of fusion driver 2 using module (5.5) to control the shape of the beam current and the process of generating a blow-up mode in the target (1.10.1).

[0063] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the claimed method further includes the following steps: Using module (6.1), the signal of the pulsed instrument of fusion driver 3 is synchronized with the signal of module (1.3). Using source (6.2), pulsed current and voltage are generated for fusion driver 3. Using module (6.3), the offset of the signal of fusion driver 3 is initiated. Using module (6.4), a radial current of an electron beam self-focusing on the target surface (1.14) is generated, and / or module (6.5) is generated pulsed electromagnetic radiation with longitudinal polarization to control the blow-up mode at target (1.10.1) and the properties of the target material in the target explosion region.

[0064] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the kinetic energy of the target explosion is converted into electrical energy stored in the system of output energy storage device 1 (1.17). On the other hand, the impact of the flow (1.22) of explosion products from the target (1.10.1) in a condensing working medium (7.1) made of a ferroelectric and / or ferromagnetic material and / or a fine dispersion mixture of dielectric and conductive components initiates polarization propagating through the medium; the voltage and current pulses initiated by polarization in the working medium (7.1) are excited using a unit (7.2) that extracts the energy flow of voltage and current pulses initiated in the condensing working medium (7.1) by the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16); the output energy flow of unit (7.2) is coordinated with the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17) using a module (7.3); and the received electrical energy is stored using the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17).

[0065] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the energy of the current and electromagnetic field that has passed through the explosion region is converted into electrical energy to be stored in the system of energy storage device 1 (1.17). Meanwhile, the energy flow that has passed through the target explosion region (2.16) and the transmission line is regulated using a unit (8.1) that extracts the energy flow (1.23) of the current and electromagnetic field from the target explosion region (2.16); the extracted target explosion energy flow is transmitted to a module (8.3) that adjusts and converts pulse power using a transmission line (8.2); in module (8.3), the pulse power is adjusted and converted from a relatively high value after the explosion of the target (1.10.1) to a power value required for efficient energy storage in the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17).

[0066] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the energy of radiation and explosion plasma is converted into electrical and thermal energy. On the other hand, using modules (2.13) and units (9.1), the energy flow (1.12) of high-level radiation and fusion products resulting from the fusion process in the target explosion region (2.16) is converted into thermal and / or electrical energy; the electrical energy is stored in unit (9.2); and the thermal energy is stored in unit (9.3).

[0067] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the energy of the current and electromagnetic field passing through the explosion region and the reverse current conductor is converted into electrical energy stored in the system of output energy storage device 2 (1.18). Meanwhile, using unit (10.1), the energy flow (1.20) of the current in the grounded reverse current conductor (1.13) is extracted; the extracted target explosion energy flow is transmitted via line (10.2) to module (10.3) which converts and adjusts pulse power; in module (10.3), the pulse power is adjusted and converted from a relatively high value after the explosion of the target (1.10.1) to the power value required for efficient energy storage in unit (1.18) of output energy storage device 2.

[0068] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, the process is realized using a non-uniform, transient high-voltage discharge plasma structure (2.6, 2.8, 2.10) generated in the focusing zone of an electron beam using a plasma gun and / or laser source, thereby providing a shock sufficient to change the energy direction of this process.

[0069] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, in order to realize the process, the value and internal structure of the Coulomb barrier of the fuel nucleus of the reactor target (1.10.1) are controlled by a toroidal electromagnetic field generator (2.4) and a radial current field generator (2.5).

[0070] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, a plurality of additional fusion drivers 1 and / or 2 and / or 3 are used to realize the process.

[0071] On the other hand, according to the claimed invention, in order to realize the process, the kinetic energy and electromagnetic radiation of fusion products resulting from the fusion process at a wide range of energies are converted into electrical energy, which can be used for other purposes or stored in an energy storage device. [Examples]

[0072] Experiments using a device designed to optimize the realization of controlled electromagnetic coherent fusion technology in the target and the release of matter binding energy continue a series of large-scale, long-term experiments that demonstrated the possibility of achieving Pycno fusion in a relatively small experimental device built under Ukrainian patent UA71084C2. Numerous experiments have been conducted using a new generation device (double-Blumlein (DBL) line) for approximately 10 years. 6 These experiments were conducted using high-voltage pulses with a pulse amplitude of V and electron beam currents in the range of several hundred kA. The energy output (Q) exceeded the amount of energy delivered to the target. Tag >1) and the amount of energy consumed from the network (Q W >1) was proven.

[0073] The proposed invention specifies an embodiment of a driver that leads to the realization of implosion and the fusion of atomic nuclei during the target explosion. When the parameters of the target and the parameters of driver 4 are matched, and the conditions for driver 4 are met as specified on pages 4, 34, and 39 above, a nonlinear wave having the edge structure shown in Figure 11 is initiated within the target. Such a wave initiates the explosion at the center of the target and the release of energy exceeding the energy delivered to the target. This fact is supported by optical and thermal measurements (see Table 3 and technical information source

[30] ). According to the proposed method, the initiation and development of a nonlinear wave (see Figure 11) occurs within the target explosion region (1.16) and within the body of the target (1.10.1) due to the impact of an electron beam having a special controlled power density profile (fusion drivers 1 and 4) acting on the anode surface of module (2.9), and this wave moves from the surface to the optical center of the target (1.10.1) in blow-up mode. At the center of the target, an explosion occurs, and the products of that explosion are approximately 10 6 It scatters in all directions at high speeds of over cm / s.

[0074] Figure 11 shows the structure of a nonlinear wave edge (shell) (11.2) having centrosymmetry (spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, and combinations thereof) within the target during the initiation of coherent fusion. On the left is a cross-section of the target passing through the center of symmetry and the nonlinear wave edge (shell) moving within it. On the right is an enlarged sub-section of the target and the nonlinear wave edge (shell) showing its internal structure. The edge moves from its surface to its center of symmetry (11.8) inside the target within region (11.1). The wave edge (11.2) propagates along the target in an active mode with a reaction force that accelerates the wave edge due to the energy released by the evaporation of fusion products (11.6) from the trailing edge (11.5) of the nonlinear wave. During the fusion process, the nonlinear wave edge (11.2) collides with the stationary center (1.11) inside the target, which is the fuel for this process. In this case, the edge (11.2) of the nonlinear wave consists of the leading edge (11.3), the body (11.4), the trailing edge (11.5), and all the boundaries of these regions.

[0075] 11.2 - The edge (shell) of a nonlinear wave having an internal structure in a coherent correlation state. The structure of the leading edge of a nonlinear wave in the target material, which passes through the target material and enters the main structure of the shell. 11.3 - The "body" of a nonlinear wave edge (shell) region having a high-density and nuclear fractal structure that generates a fusion process internally; 11.4 - Structure of the trailing edge of a nonlinear wave; 11.5 - Region of fusion products evaporated from the trailing edge of nonlinear waves; 11.6 - Boundary of a target surface having a center of symmetry; 11.8 - Center of symmetry of the edge (shell) of the nonlinear wave within the target.

[0076] A high-voltage pulse is applied to the true space gap (2.14) between the cathode plasma flow (2.8) generated by the multi-component cathode plasma module (2.7) and the anode plasma flow (2.10) generated by the anode plasma structure module (2.9). The distance between the cathode plasma module (2.7) and the anode plasma module (2.10) consists of an expanded region occupied by the cathode plasma (2.8), the anode plasma (2.10), and the gap (2.14). Meanwhile, the plasma flow is controlled by fusion drivers 1, 2, and 4.

[0077] At the beginning of the process, the active resistance of the gap (2.14) is large (approximately several thousand ohms), and then decreases to zero as the gap disappears, while the resistance of the plasma conductor increases from zero to a value equal to the resistance of a wire having a length equal to the initial gap between the cathode and anode.

[0078] The current pulse is determined as a function of time by the high-voltage pulse applied to the diode and the diode impedance. Clearly, the diode impedance is controlled by the temperature of the background discharge plasma and the time it takes for the plasma to appear in the gap between the cathode and anode. The imaginary part of the impedance depends on the characteristic time of the process and is controlled by the shape of the voltage and current pulses (fusion driver 4). The current in the diode is determined by the absolute value of its impedance. In a typical case, the diode resistance varies widely, from several thousand ohms at the beginning of the process to about 1 ohm during the progression of the main process within the target.

[0079] After the pulsed shock energy is accumulated in the target body, a nonlinear density wave is initiated and develops, moving from the surface to the optical center of the target during the blow-up mode implosion.

[0080] There is a fundamental qualitative difference between the nonlinear waves in self-organizing coherent inertial fusion methods and conventional inertial fusion methods. In contrast to conventional inertial fusion, in coherent inertial fusion methods, the wave edges are in a correlated coherent state, naturally separating the region of "fuel" entering the wave at the wave's leading edge from the region of combustion products remaining behind the wave's trailing edge.

[0081] Simultaneously, the edges of the nonlinear waves form surfaces with centrosymmetry (spherical, cylindrical, elliptic, and / or combinations thereof). The following stages of inertial fusion occur, namely, injection and ablation, compression, ignition of the fusion reaction, and explosion.

[0082] During energy absorption in the surface layer and at the moment the material expands from the surface (injection and ablation phases), under the influence of an energy flow toward the target surface, a pressure pulse is created on the target, initiating a nonlinear wave moving from the surface to the center. The edge of the wave is the shell, i.e., the "piston" that compresses the material in front of it (compression phase). The energy of the external fusion driver is spent on this compression. After the fuel reaches the required density and temperature, the fusion reaction is initiated at the center (ignition phase). After the fusion reaction has started, the internal bond energy of the material is rapidly released, causing an explosion and the material to begin expanding (explosion phase).

[0083] Here, the shell plays a passive role, that is, it is a tool that compresses the central region of the target and transitions the material at the center of the target into a state with a high probability of fusion reaction due to the increase in pressure and temperature. Due to the inertial properties of the material, this state is maintained for a certain period of time with a fairly high probability of reaction, even after the initiation of the fusion reaction at the center, the explosive release of energy, and the expansion of the material.

[0084] Figure 11 shows the development of nonlinear waves within a target during coherent fusion under the action of a fusion driver. The difference from the process in inertial fusion is that in coherent fusion, the wave edge, which is initiated near the target surface, transitions to a correlated coherent state due to pulsed external influences, provided that the wave edge is an active object rather than a passive "piston" throughout its entire development process.

[0085] Due to the movement of the wave edge in a correlated coherent state, the material flow in the inner (central) part of the target (11.1) enters the region of the wave's leading edge structure (11.3), and then the shell's main body structure (11.4), i.e., the fusion region where the Coulomb barrier is suppressed. As a result of the "evaporation" of the synthesized nuclide, the flow of fusion products flows from the region of the trailing edge structure (11.5) to the region behind the wave edge (11.6).

[0086] As the power of the fusion driver's influence on the target surface increases quite rapidly, the dynamics of the plasma field structure occur in an explosive blow-up mode, during and as a result, under conditions of electron decay and in a correlated coherent state, the structural density increases by a self-consistent explosion.

[0087] The necessary conditions for achieving the described technical solution, namely the conditions for obtaining energy in the thermonuclear fusion process within the target resulting from the impact of the electron beam on the anode surface, are the interdependent parameters of the principal driver and the target. When these conditions are met, the formation and initiation of nonlinear waves on the target surface is ensured. These conditions are entirely achievable with modern equipment and are specified in prior art sources

[21] ,

[22] ,

[23] .

[0088] To improve the efficiency of the proposed technical solutions and to satisfy these basic conditions, plasma diodes and multi-component plasma cathodes described in

[15] and

[25] are used. These are metal electrodes made of dissimilar elements with various coatings to facilitate plasma generation on the surface. When the driver is operated, all electrode surfaces are covered with plasma, and a plasma anode system appears, while the arrangement of this plasma anode system changes over time as a result of the movement of the plasma. The plasma moves both outside and inside the anode.

[0089] When a pulsed electron beam is focused onto the surface of a target anode, the electrons in the beam reach a specific depth.

number

[0090] We can assume that an advection space between zero-potential surfaces is reliably guaranteed near the surface. Electrons entering this layer form a specific potential distribution that is minimized in a particular region (the region of the virtual electrode), and reflected beam electrons appear in this region.

[0091] The dynamics of electron beam energy flow and the potential distribution within the anode under the action of high-voltage pulses are determined by the following parameters:

number

[0092] Current density in megaamperes per square centimeter on the target j MA (t) and the energy of the electron at time t1 are given by condition q VC >q cr1 (ρ Ω If the condition q is met, a system of virtual electrodes appears near the anode surface, and in this system, fusion driver energy is accumulated until a specific time t2 in the voltage drop interval of the external pulse. This time is VC cr2 (ρ Ω It is determined by ). The formula for the critical value is given by the resistivity ρ of the anode target material. Ω It involves a dependence on electrical resistivity ρ, which is the specific resistivity ρ Ω This reflects a significant change in the threshold due to the increase in [the variable].

[0093] Therefore, under optimal control of the fusion driver's influence on the target surface, the dynamics of the plasma field structure occur in an explosive blow-up mode, during which the structural density increases by a self-consistent explosion under conditions of electron decay and the development of correlated coherent states (CCS). Such electron decay, accompanied by positive feedback from the density increase, releases the binding energy of material electrons in a process described in a joint paper by Proton-21 LLC and other published literature by its employees.

[0094] In the wave-edge region, a quasi-potential plasma field structure is initiated, similar to the Bassard-Farnsworth inertial electrostatic confinement fusion reactor in a highly unsteady mode of this structure, moving toward the center of the target with self-increasing energy.

[0095] ​The large acceleration at the wave edge in blow-up mode implosion is a factor that transitions interacting particles in the wave edge region into a correlated coherent state. In wave-edge CCS, as particles move from the surface to the center of the target, the extreme density and acceleration of electrons in the large volume of the wave edge within the solid target create conditions that suppress the Coulomb barrier and initiate fusion, while all particles dynamically interact with each other, similar to the fusion reactions in collapsing stars.

[0096] The complexity of nuclear fusion technology lies in the probability of the fusion process and the permeability of the Coulomb barrier when the energies of the interacting particles are relatively low.

number

number

[0097] In non-inertial frames of reference with explosive changes in acceleration, the coherence coefficient in the phase space of the system correlates with κ. ph The explosive growth of begins, and this is conditional on the states beginning to correlate coherently, and the rapidly increasing acceleration is accompanied by an explosively growing effective Planck constant. To make the estimation, we use the Schrödinger-Robertson relationship to determine the effective Planck constant.

number

[0098] In estimating the probability of a process involving a Coulomb barrier, considering that the effective Planck constant appears in the exponential, the probability of fusion in CCS is determined by the coherent acceleration changes within the system supported by fusion drivers 1, 2, and 3, and by controlling the time characteristics of the voltage pulses. phIt becomes clear that the value can increase by several tens of orders of magnitude due to the control of this value.

[0099] By controlling the probability of the fusion process not only through the temperature and pressure of the medium with the interacting nuclei, but also through the coherence of the process and the unsteadiness of the medium using additional fusion drivers, it becomes possible to significantly (by several orders of magnitude) reduce the requirements for the "ignition" parameters of the fusion reaction, and to realize these reactions not only at the center of the target, but also along the path of nonlinear waves that self-compress while moving towards the center.

[0100] In each experiment conducted at the latest generation facility, approximately 30 ÷ 35 kJ of energy was consumed from the network, of which approximately 10 ÷ 12 kJ was delivered to the target by the electron beam. The pulsed impact of this energy from the electron beam on the surface of a cylindrical target with a radius of approximately 4 mm initiated an energy release process in blow-up mode, resulting in an explosion at the center of the target. The number of nucleons involved in the fusion process is determined by the target mass and fusion driver parameters, and typical numbers in experiments at our facility are 10 19 from 10 22 It covers a wide area.

[0101] A characteristic feature of coherent fusion is the involvement of a macroscopic number of atomic nuclei in the fusion process. In the first stage, due to the extremely high transmittance of the Coulomb barrier in a highly coherent CCS, these nuclei actually form a single system, nuclear matter. Then, when this macroscopic nuclear system reaches a stability threshold, the system splits into the most stable droplets of nuclear matter. 37 Over a wide range of matter densities up to the order of , the mass numbers of stable droplets formed by the fission of nuclear material are in the range of 56 ÷ 61, i.e., within the range of the "iron" peak.

[0102] To estimate the energy yield of such a reaction, let us consider transforming the initial macroscopic number of target nuclei from the most common stable isotopes of lead to form a set of clusters consisting of a specific number of those nuclei. This number of nuclei is chosen such that the number of nucleons in a cluster matches the number of nucleons in the iron nuclei formed when each cluster splits upon loss of stability. For the smallest cluster size, the reaction can be written as follows:

number

[0103] In this case, the initial nuclei and the nuclei of the reaction products contain 7 × 20⁸ = 26 × 5⁶ = 1456 nucleons. The binding energy of the lead nucleus is 7.87 MeV per nucleon, while the binding energy of the iron nucleus is 8.8 MeV per nucleon. Therefore, for the above collective coherent nuclear reaction, the following change in binding energy ΔB (and the respective mass defect ΔM = ΔB / c) is given. 2 ) can be obtained:

number

[0104] Therefore, approximately 1 MeV of energy is released per nucleon.

[0105] For typical targets made from boron, titanium, and lead, the reaction energy yield varies from tens of keV to MeV per nucleon (see Table 1).

[0106] Table 1. Target composition, collective response, and mass defect. [Table 1]

[0107] Typical targets are made from copper, titanium, lead, hafnium, and polyethylene. Target diameters vary from 4 mm to 8 mm. Target parameters are consistent with beam parameters, namely the potential difference, current intensity, beam power edge duration, and the portion of the beam current striking the target, all of which are subject to the fusion conditions described above. This application lists the main target parameters, namely its radius, density, and the conductivity of the target material. Target parameters have a significant impact on the fusion process.

[0108] Considering the number of nucleons involved in the fusion process, the maximum total energy yield in our experiment can range from several hundred kJ to several hundred MJ. The explosive energy flow released in our experiment is mainly composed of the following three components: • Energy flows of particles and plasma; • Energy flows of radiation and electromagnetic fields over a wide range of frequencies; • The energy flow of the current passing through the diode plasma space region, which may be amplified, during the time interval when the target explodes and the products expand. That is the case.

[0109] Experiments conducted at the Proton-21 research facility always involved measurements in both online and offline modes. Pulses of voltage and current within diodes, radiation in the optical range, and radiation in the X-ray and gamma-ray ranges were measured in online mode. Tracking measurements of high-speed particles and mass spectrometry measurements were performed in offline mode.

[0110] These experiments at the Proton-21 facility yielded the first results regarding self-assembled nuclear fusion in anode targets made from various materials, and both light and heavy element fusion products were experimentally studied.

[0111] The large current within the device makes it possible to obtain a critical value for current density on the target surface at a target radius of several millimeters, and thus it becomes possible to trap a sufficiently large mass of material within a nonlinear wave moving toward the center. An explosion is initiated in the central region of the target, and the products of the explosion are approximately 10 7 It scatters in all directions at a speed of cm / s.

[0112] If the proposed method (coherent fusion) is implemented, controlling the correlation of materials in CCS will lead to the fact that the fusion fuel elements do not necessarily have to be the lightest to generate sufficient power. Almost any material can be used as fuel, although the efficiency of energy yield will differ somewhat.

[0113] Almost any target material is possible, as long as its size and beam parameters are appropriately matched. In the claimed invention, a single-component target can be used, for example, as shown in prototype

[15] , but it is preferable to use a combined target to increase efficiency. In such a target, one of the thermonuclear fuels (preferably lithium deuteride) is placed in the center. It is preferable to use polyethylene, lead, hafnium, titanium, or aluminum for the outer portion of the target, which has an outer diameter of 4 mm to 8 mm.

[0114] The effectiveness of the target in our facility has been demonstrated by optical and thermal measurements of the energy flow after the target explosion. The amount of heat that heats the main body exceeds the energy delivered to the target.

[0115] Therefore, in order to achieve the results described in the present invention, the system has three additional fusion drivers (1, 2, and 3) that control the state of the electron beam and target during the operation of the main driver 4, and the selection of driver parameters aims to achieve the initiation conditions of a nonlinear implosion wave in blow-up mode in the general case of a multilayer target, where the upper layer of the target is preferably made of a material with sufficiently low conductivity and has a fractal structure that increases the absorbed energy of the beam, and the driver parameters are the acceleration of the power density absorbed in the surface layer

number

number

[0116] The generation rate of elements in fusion products depends on the degree of non-equilibrium and correlation in the fusion process. The existence of superheavy stable elements can be explained theoretically and experimentally using research on nuclear shell structure and the fractal structure of nuclear material at densities lower than those of atomic nuclei under normal conditions.

[0117] One phenomenon associated with coherent fusion is the significant decrease in the radioactivity of the reaction products compared to the initial radioactive target, and the significant change in the ratio of accumulation rates between different nuclides in the initial mixture of the radioactive decay series. This could be a means of decontaminating radioactive waste and, in general, converting almost all toxic or unusable materials into stable and safe elements, and, if necessary, accumulating the required nuclides.

[0118] The anode explosion products, i.e., the target and expanding plasma flow, were observed by optical methods. Simultaneously, the estimated velocity of the explosion products was calculated using the Doppler width of spectral lines, the time-of-flight (TOF) method which records the time it takes for light emission to reach three points located at different distances from the center of the explosion, and high-speed photography of the explosion process and product expansion using a high-speed CCD camera. The resulting images made it possible to estimate several characteristic times of the process, with the time it took for the plasma cloud resulting from the target explosion to travel through a 1 cm gap being approximately 50 ns, while the time it took for the copper cathode components to bend was less than 500 ns.

[0119] During the processing of the measured optical spectrum, first, contributions from the instrument's hardware functions were removed from the spectral line profile, and then the measured spectrum was decomposed into separate spectral lines, the width and shape of which were determined. Although the flow velocity varied depending on the experiment, it was mainly 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 From 2.0 × 10 7 It is within the range of cm / s. At the same time, all of the above methods for determining and calculating the velocity of flying particles gave close values. Figure 12 shows our experimental data as evidence based on optical and thermal measurements demonstrating the effectiveness of the synthesis, which is an example of determining the plasma expansion velocity from known distances between points and the time it takes for those points to pass through.

[0120] Table 2 shows the composition and velocity of the lead target explosion product flow scattered from the center of the target, reconstructed using optical spectral measurements (Experiment No. 41250).

[0121] Table 2 Reconstructed flow from the explosion region using optical measurements 7 Elemental rates and percentage composition in cm / s [Table 2]

[0122] Therefore, the following values ​​for the main components of the energy flow after the target explosion were obtained from the experiment: In various experiments, the mass loss during the explosion (obtained from the difference in target mass before and after the explosion) ranged from 0.1g to 0.9g, while the average particle and plasma velocities were (0.5~2) × 10⁻⁶. 7 Considering the range of cm / s, the energy of the target explosion products can be estimated to be between 300 kJ and 1 MeV on average. • Radiated energy flow and electromagnetic field across a wide range of frequencies. The radiated energy flow from the explosion strikes elements in a blanket made of absorbent material, heating this blanket and the facility's casing. In the most successful experiments, the heating temperature of the blanket (2.13), measured at many points by temperature sensors, showed that up to 25 kJ was converted into thermal energy, resulting in an efficiency value of Q Tag ≈ 2, which means that the output of thermal energy is up to twice as high as the energy delivered to the target (typically in the range of 10kJ to 12kJ). • The energy flow of the current passing through the diode plasma space region can be amplified at time intervals when the target explodes and the products expand. According to measurements in this part of the diode, in the best experiments, we obtain a voltage pulse amplitude value of maximum MV, a current pulse amplitude of maximum MA with a duration of approximately 50 ÷ 80 ns, and a corresponding energy in the range of 60 ÷ 80 kJ. That is, the output of this type of energy is up to twice as high as the energy extracted from the electrical network (typically this energy is in the range of 30 kJ to 35 kJ).

[0123] Considering that the energy of the primary energy storage device at the plant's inlet was in the range of 30 ÷ 35 kJ, we conclude that the energy efficiency of the Proton-21 facility reached an average value in the range of 10 to 30. While the main focus of the new facility was to record the energy of the explosion, the experiment also recorded fusion products in the form of rare elements, which also supports the fusion process at the nuclear level in the target.

[0124] The energy value embedded in the target was calculated from measurements of voltage, current, and pulse duration. The voltage at the cathode was measured using a capacitive voltage divider. The current was measured using a Rogowski coil located in the facility's cathode section. The voltage divider and Rogowski coil were calibrated on the electrophysics bench in the Proton-21 laboratory. The signals were recorded using a Lecroy HDO 8108 oscilloscope.

[0125] The value of the released thermal energy was calculated by measuring the temperature difference of the vacuum chamber before and after discharge, taking into account the mass and specific heat of the vacuum chamber. Temperature measurements were performed using thermocouples and a recording device (multifunctional thermal measurement bridge) TR-3200. Table 3 shows data from 20 experiments recently performed in the Proton-21 laboratory. Multi-component targets were used during the studies. In the "Target Material" column, the first symbol represents the material of the target's outer shell (if there is only one symbol, the target is solid, a single-component target). Subsequent symbols correspond to the material located in the center of the target.

[0126] The reproducibility of the results was confirmed by experiments conducted by the Proton-21 research group, which had succeeded in a single-explosion mode.

[15] Simultaneously, the synthesis of new elements was recorded with an energy yield exceeding the energy supplied to the target.

[24] (See Table 3.) The fusion, achieved based on the technical solution of S. Adamenco

[15] , was demonstrated before invited experts in the art. The results were published in international academic journals.

[17]

[18]

[0127] [Table 3] Table 3 Measurement results of beam energy and thermal energy released after the explosion [Table 3]

[0128] The above description of preferred embodiments of the claimed invention should be considered as examples that do not in any way limit the scope of the claimed rights. It is obvious that many possible modifications and variations of the claimed technical solution may be well known to those skilled in the art. The described methods and apparatus are provided to help those skilled in the art learn the operating principles of the invention and its practical applications, and various modifications may be used for specific uses or embodiments. Not only the quantitative parameters of the invention, but also its applications may differ depending on the problem of a particular use or embodiment. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims appended herein and their equivalents, including the terms used in the broadest sense, unless otherwise indicated. It should also be noted that embodiments described by those skilled in the art (depending on the parameters of the constituent units) may include variations that do not depart from the claims. References

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Magnetocumulative Generators (Shock Wave and High-Pressure Phenomena) by Larry L. Altgilbers, Mark DJ Brown, et al. Springer, (2000). 31. Altgilbers LL, Recent Advances in Explosive Pulsed Power, Electromagnetic Phenomena, Vol. 3, No. 4 (12), p. 497, 2003 (June 2003). 32. Freeman Bruce, Altgilbers LL, Development of Small, Tapered Stator Helical Magnetic Flux Compression Generators, Electromagnetic Phenomena, Vol. 3, No. 4 (11), p. 366, 2003. 33. Allison J. et al. , Recent developments in GEANT4, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Volume 835, 1 November 2016, Pages 186-225. 34. Nuclear fusion with inertial confinement, edited by B. Sharkov, Moscow, Fizmatlit, 2005, pp. 1-264 (Korean). 35. Generation and focusing of high-current relativistic electron beams, edited by L. Rudakov, Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1990, pp. 1-281 (Korolev). 36. G. Markov, A. Chaplin, Excitation of Electromagnetic Waves, Publishing House <<Energy>>, Moscow-Leningrad, 1967, pp. 1-371 (Khabarovsk). 37. B. Ya. Zeldovich, Impedance and parametric excitation of oscillators, Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk vol. 178, No. 5, 2005, pp. 489–510 (Korozhets, 2005). 38. E. Royce, Properties of magnetic materials under shock compression. / In the book: Physics of high energy densities. / Edited by P. Caldirola and G. Knopfel / Translated from English. - M.; Mir, 1974. - pp. 143-158 (Kadin et al.). 39. G. Saakyan, Equilibrium configurations of degenerate gas masses, Nauka Publishing House, Moscow, 1972, pp. 1–344 (Korean: Saakyan).< / manhattan>

Claims

1. The following components: • Industrial electrical network module (1.0); • Charging module for primary energy storage device (1.1); • Primary energy storage devices (1.2); Main fusion driver 4 having a module (1.4) that supplies energy to a target, wherein the module (1.4) also includes a unit (1.4.1) that synchronizes a primary energy storage device (1.2) and generates an energy flow for fusion driver 4; • Reaction chamber (1.8); - Grounded reverse current conductor (1.13); • Target (1.10.1) A control system for nuclear processes and coherent fusion during explosive blow-up modes of self-harmonious electromagnetic confinement, comprising, ■ Module (1.10) for sequentially supplying the target (1.10.1) to the reaction chamber (1.8); ■ Module (1.11) for preparing the reaction chamber (1.8); ■ An additional fusion driver 1 having a module (1.7) for controlling a plasma electrode, wherein the module (1.7) also includes a unit (1.7.1) for adjusting and synchronizing the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of the additional fusion driver 1, and a unit (1.7.2) for generating the energy flow of the fusion driver 1; ■ An additional fusion driver 2 having a module (1.6) for controlling the initiation of the explosive blow-up mode, wherein the module (1.6) also includes a unit (1.6.1) for adjusting and synchronizing the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) and the energy flow of the additional fusion driver 2, and a unit (1.6.2) for generating the energy flow of the fusion driver 2; ■ An additional fusion driver 3 having a module (1.5) for controlling the initiation of nonlinear waves in the target and modifying the properties of the target material, wherein module (1.5) simultaneously includes a unit (1.5.1) for adjusting and synchronizing the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) and the energy flow of the additional fusion driver 3, and a unit (1.5.2) for generating the energy flow of the fusion driver 3; ■ Simultaneously, under optimal synchronization conditions of units 1.4.1, 1.5.1, 1.6.1, and 1.7.1, the additional fusion driver 3 also controls the process of initiating a nonlinear wave having an edge (11.2), which includes a leading edge structure (11.3), a body of the nonlinear wave edge (11.4), and a trailing edge structure (11.5), moving from the target surface (11.7) to its center of symmetry (11.8), while the wave having the leading edge (11.3) moves such that the inner central portion (fusion fuel) (11.1) of the target is located in front of it, and the region of fusion products (11.6) evaporating from the trailing edge of the nonlinear wave is located behind it; ■ Simultaneously, an additional fusion driver 3 further includes a module (1.4) that supplies energy to the target, and a unit (1.4.2) that coordinates the energy flow of fusion driver 4 with the target (1.10.1); ■ Output energy storage device No. 1 (1.17); ■ Output energy storage device No. 2 (1.18); - Primary energy storage device (1.2), unit (1.4.1) that synchronizes the primary energy storage device (1.2) and generates the energy flow of fusion driver 4; unit (1.4.2) that adjusts the energy flow of fusion driver 4 and the target (1.10.1); unit (1.5.1) that adjusts and synchronizes the energy of primary energy storage device (1.2) and the energy flow of additional fusion driver 3; unit (1.5.2) that generates the energy flow of fusion driver 3; energy of primary energy storage device (1.2) A unit (1.6.1) for adjusting and synchronizing the flow with the energy flow of the additional fusion driver 2; a unit (1.6.2) for generating the energy flow of fusion driver 2; a unit (1.7.1) for adjusting and synchronizing the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of the additional fusion driver 1; a unit (1.7.2) for generating the energy flow of fusion driver 1; a module (1.11) for preparing the reaction chamber (1.8); and a module (1.10) for sequentially supplying the target (1.10.1). A module (1.3) that controls; Simultaneously, a module (1.14) for converting the kinetic energy flow of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16) includes a unit (1.14.1) for extracting the kinetic energy of the fusion products, and a unit (1.14.2) for coordinating the converted energy with a unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17); - A module (1.15) that converts the electromagnetic radiation energy flow from the target explosion region (2.16) comprises a unit (1.15.1) that extracts electromagnetic radiation energy from the target explosion region, and a unit (1.15.2) that coordinates the converted energy with output energy storage unit 1 (1.17); Equipped with, - A module (1.16) for converting energy flow in a reverse current conductor having ground (1.13) comprises a unit (1.16.1) for extracting energy from the current in the grounded reverse current line (1.13), and a unit (1.16.2) for adjusting the converted energy with a second output energy storage unit (1.18), Module (1.3); ■ Module (1.19) for coordinating the second output energy storage unit (1.18) with the primary energy storage unit (1.2); It is characterized by comprising, The system includes three additional fusion drivers (1, 2, and 3) that control the state of the electron beam and the target during the operation of the main driver 4; The selection of the driver parameters aims to achieve the conditions for initiating a nonlinear implosion wave in blow-up mode in the typical case of a multilayer target, and it is desirable that the upper layer of the target is made of a material with sufficiently low conductivity and has a fractal structure that increases the value of the beam's absorbed energy; formula [Math 1] The acceleration of the power density absorbed in the surface layer of the beam, calculated by the equation, [Math 2] Based on the condition that the acceleration of the power density of energy dissipation in the target, calculated by, is exceeded, the driver parameters are optimized, a ｐ - Development impact, P ｄｉｓ - Power density of the driver energy, V ｉｎｔ - Absorption in the volume near the surface, τ ｅｆｆ - The target during the characteristic time, a Ｔ - Acceleration of power density due to dissipative losses, n ０ - is the density of the medium, T ｅｆｆ The temperature of the medium and τ ｄｉｓ is the characteristic time of dissipation, and when this condition is met, a nonlinear wave of the blow-up mode is formed, the target material transitions to an unstable state, that is, positive density feedback occurs at the edge of the wave, the internal energy of the electron shells of the material is released, and this, along with the energy of the external driver, moves to the central region of the target, forming an explosion in the central region of the target. If thermonuclear fuel is present in the central region of the target, an additional fusion reaction may be initiated, which also contributes to the release of the internal energy of the material and increases the efficiency of the explosion. Control system.

2. The reaction chamber (1.8) consists of the following components: - A plasma gun (2.1) of fusion driver 1, preferably positioned symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber and designed to generate plasma (2.6) in the reaction chamber; - A fusion driver 1 electromagnetic field generator (2.2) preferably arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber; - A plasma gun (2.3) of the fusion driver, preferably arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber; - A fusion driver 2 electromagnetic field generator (2.4), preferably arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber; Preferably, a radial current field generator (2.5) for fusion driver 3, arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reaction chamber; - A multi-component cathode plasma module (2.7) designed to generate a cathode plasma flow (2.8); - Anode plasma structure module (2.9) designed to generate an anode plasma flow (2.10); - Units (2.11) of coils of a special structure in module (1.15) that convert the current and electromagnetic field energy flows (1.23) from the target explosion region (2.16) to excite pulses of voltage and current in their components, which are initiated by the kinetic energy flow of the explosion products of the target (1.10.1); - Housing (2.12) for the reaction chamber (1.8); • Target explosion area (2.16); - A module (2.13) that extracts the flow of high-level radiation energy from the target explosion region (2.16) using a blanket that absorbs high-level radiation and extracts thermal energy; - The gap between the cathode plasma flow and the anode plasma flow (2.14); - Module (2.15) for extracting the current energy flow that has passed through the target explosion region (2.16) and the anode plasma structure module (2.9). The system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the above.

3. Fusion Driver 1 consists of the following components: - A module that synchronizes pulse devices with signals from module (1.3); • Pulsed current and voltage sources (4.2); - Module for setting the signal offset (4.3); - A plasma gun for focusing the electron beam (4.4); - A module (4.5) that generates pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation to control the initiation of the radiation process by the cathode unit of fusion driver 1. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by comprising:

4. Fusion Driver 2 consists of the following components: - Module (5.1) that synchronizes the pulse device with the signal from module (1.3); • Pulsed current and voltage sources (5.2); - Module for setting the signal offset (5.3); - A plasma gun (5.4) that focuses the electron beam of Fusion Driver No. 2; - A module (5.5) that generates pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation to control the process of generating the shape of the beam current and the blow-up mode in the target (1.10.1). The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising:

5. Fusion Driver 3 consists of the following components: - Module (6.1) that synchronizes the pulse device with the signal from module (1.3); • Pulsed current and voltage sources (6.2); - Module for setting signal offset (6.3); - A module (6.4) that generates a radial current to focus and / or self-focus an electron beam onto the target surface (1.10.1); and / or - A module (6.5) that generates pulsed electromagnetic radiation with longitudinal polarization to control the blow-up mode in the target (1.10.1). The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising:

6. The module (1.14) that converts the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16) consists of the following components: - A condensing working medium for the module, made of a ferroelectric and / or ferromagnetic material, and / or a finely dispersed mixture of dielectric and conductive components (7.1); - A unit (7.2) that extracts the energy flow of voltage and current pulses initiated within the condensing working medium (7.1) by the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16); Module (7.3) for coordinating the output energy flow of unit (7.2) with that of output energy storage unit 1 (1.17); - Output energy storage unit 1 (1.17) The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising the above.

7. The module (1.15) that converts the energy flow (1.23) of current and electromagnetic fields from the target explosion region (2.16) consists of the following components: - A unit (8.1) for extracting the energy flows (1.23) of current and electromagnetic fields from the target explosion region (2.16); - A transmission line (8.2) that transmits the target explosion energy extracted in unit (8.1) to module (8.3) which converts the flow of the extracted energy and coordinates it with unit 1 (1.17) of the output energy storage device; - A module (8.3) that converts the extracted energy flow and coordinates it with the output energy storage device unit 1 (1.17). The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising the above.

8. The module (1.9) for extracting the kinetic energy flow (1.12) and high-level radiation energy of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16) consists of the following components: - A unit (9.1) that converts the energy released within the module blanket (2.13) into electrical and / or thermal energy; • Electrical energy storage unit (9.2); • Thermal energy storage unit (9.3) The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising the above.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reaction chamber (1.8) further comprises a multi-component cathode plasma module (2.7) and an anode plasma structure module (2.9).

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the electrical and electromagnetic structures of a transient plasma are additionally positioned within the electron beam focusing zone to provide sufficient shock to alter the energy direction of the process, and at the same time, a high-voltage discharge plasma generated by an electromagnetic source, as well as a plasma gun and / or laser source, is used to control the realization of those processes.

11. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a toroidal electromagnetic field generator (2.4) for a fusion driver No. 2 and a radial current field generator (2.5) for a fusion driver No. 3 within a reaction chamber (1.8), characterized in that it controls the value of the Coulomb barrier and the internal structure of the fuel nucleus of the reactor target (1.10.1).

12. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the reaction chamber (1.8) further comprises a module (1.14) for converting the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from a target explosion region (2.16); a module (1.15) for converting the energy flow (1.23) of current and electromagnetic fields from the target explosion region (2.16); and a module (1.16) for converting the energy flow (1.20) in a reverse current region within a grounded reverse current conductor (1.13).

13. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by comprising a plurality of additional fusion drivers 1 and / or additional fusion drivers 2 and / or additional fusion driver 3.

14. A method for controlling nuclear processes and coherent fusion during an explosive blow-up mode of self-harmonic electromagnetic confinement, according to any one of claims 1 to 13, the following: - A step of storing energy supplied from the industrial electrical network module (1.0) in the primary energy storage unit (1.2) using the charging module (1.1) of the primary storage unit; - A step of using module (1.3) to control a primary energy storage device (1.2), a fusion driver unit (1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.6.1, 1.6.2, 1.7.1, 1.7.2), a module (1.11) that prepares a reaction chamber (1.8), and a module (1.10) that supplies a target (1.10.1); - A step of using module (1.10) to sequentially supply the target (1.10.1) into the reaction chamber (1.8) at a specified repeat rate; - Step of preparing the reaction chamber (1.8) using module (1.11); - Using unit (1.7.1), adjust and synchronize the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of additional fusion driver 1; - Using an additional fusion driver 1, prepare the medium around the target (1.10.1) in the reaction chamber (1.8) to ensure primary ionization of the target surface layer; - Using unit (1.4.1), generate and synchronize the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) and the energy flow of main fusion driver No. 4; - Using unit (1.6.1), adjust and synchronize the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of additional fusion driver 1; - Using additional fusion driver 2 and fusion driver 4 units (1.4.2), the power profile of the energy flow from the main fusion driver 4 is formed over time; - Using an additional fusion driver 2 and unit (1.3), control the moment of initiation of the blow-up mode and accumulate energy in the target surface layer to initiate a nonlinear wave; - Using an additional fusion driver 2, initiate the blow-up mode in the medium surrounding the target (1.10.1) in the reaction chamber (1.8) and in the target itself to ensure primary ionization of the surface layer of the condensate; - Using unit (1.5.1), adjust and synchronize the energy flow of the primary energy storage device (1.2) with the energy flow of the additional fusion driver 3; - A step of controlling the properties and fusion process of the target material in the initial stage of the blow-up mode using an additional fusion driver 3; Using additional fusion driver #3 and additional fusion driver #2, proceed as follows: - The beginning of the movement of the edge (11.2) of a nonlinear wave in a correlated coherent state having a center of symmetry (11.8) and an internal structure of a leading edge structure (11.3) moving from the target surface (11.7) to the center of symmetry (11.8); - The state of the "body" (11.4) at the edge of the nonlinear wave, the structure of the trailing edge structure (11.5) of the nonlinear wave, Control, Simultaneously, the inner central portion of the target (fusion fuel) (11.1) is positioned in front of the nonlinear wave, while the region of fusion products (11.6) evaporating from the trailing edge of the nonlinear wave is positioned behind it; - A step of converting the kinetic energy of the fusion product into electrical energy using module (1.14); - Using module (1.14.2), the converted energy is coordinated with the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17); - Using module (1.15), convert the flow of kinetic energy of the fusion products from the target explosion region into electrical energy; - Using unit (1.15.2), the flow of the converted energy is coordinated with the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17), and the received energy is stored in output energy storage device 1 (1.17); - Using module (1.9), convert the flow of kinetic energy of the fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16) into electrical and / or thermal energy; - Using unit (1.16.1), extract the energy flow (1.20) of the current in the grounded reverse current conductor (1.13); - Using unit (1.16.2), the step of coordinating the extracted energy with output energy storage device 2 (1.18); - Using module (1.19), the unit of output energy storage device 2 (1.18) is coordinated with the primary energy storage device (1.2) to extract the kinetic energy and electromagnetic radiation energy of the fusion product. A method characterized by including

15. Furthermore, the following steps are taken: • Using module (4.1), synchronize the signal of pulse device fusion driver 1 with module (1.3); - A step of generating pulsed current and voltage using a power source (4.2); - A step in which the offset of the fusion driver 1 signal is initiated using module (4.3); - A step of focusing the electron beam of fusion driver 4 using a plasma gun (4.4); - Using module (4.5), generate pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation to control the initiation of the radiation process by the cathode unit of fusion driver 4. The method according to claim 14, characterized by including

16. Furthermore, the following: - Using module (5.1), synchronize the signals of the pulse device of fusion driver 2; - Using the power source (5.2), generate pulse current and voltage for fusion driver 2; - Using module (5.3), start the offset of the fusion driver 2 signal; - A step of focusing the electron beam of fusion driver 4 using a plasma gun (5.4); - Using module (5.5), control the process of generating pulsed electromagnetic radiation and / or laser radiation from fusion driver 2 to create the shape of the beam current and the blow-up mode in the target (1.10.1). The method according to any one of claims 14 to 15, characterized by including

17. Furthermore, the following: - Using module (6.1), synchronize the signal from the pulse device of fusion driver 3 with the signal from module (1.3); - Using the power source (6.2), generate pulsed current and voltage for fusion driver 3; - Using module (6.3), begin the offset of the signal for fusion driver 3; - Using module (6.4), generate a radial current for a self-focusing electron beam on the target surface (1.14), and / or - Using module (6.5), generate pulsed electromagnetic radiation with longitudinal polarization to control the blow-up mode in the target (1.10.1) and the properties of the target material in the target explosion region. A method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized by the above.

18. The kinetic energy of the target explosion is converted into electrical energy stored in the output energy storage device 1 (1.17), and simultaneously: Polarization propagating through a condensing working medium (7.1) made of a ferroelectric and / or ferromagnetic material and / or a finely dispersed mixture of dielectric and conductive components is initiated by the impact of the explosion product flow (1.22) of a target (1.10.1); - Using a unit (7.2) that extracts the energy flow of voltage and current pulses initiated in the condensing working medium (7.1) by the kinetic energy flow (1.22) of fusion products from the target explosion region (2.16), the polarization-initiated voltage and current pulses in the working medium (7.1) are excited; - Using module (7.3), the output energy flow of unit (7.2) is coordinated with unit (1.17) of output energy storage device 1; - The received electrical energy is stored using the output energy storage device unit 1 (1.17). A method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized by the above.

19. The energy of the current and electromagnetic field that passed through the explosion region is converted into electrical energy stored in the energy storage device 1 (1.17), and simultaneously: - A unit (8.1) that extracts the energy flow (1.23) of the current and electromagnetic field from the target explosion region (2.16) is used to adjust the energy flow that has passed through the target explosion region (2.16) and the transmission line; - The extracted target explosion energy flow is transmitted via a transmission line (8.2) to a module (8.3) that adjusts and converts pulse power; - In module (8.3), the pulse power is adjusted and converted from a relatively high value after the explosion of the target (1.10.1) to a power value necessary for efficient energy storage in the unit of output energy storage device 1 (1.17). A method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized by the above.

20. The energy of the aforementioned radiation and explosive plasma is converted into electrical energy and thermal energy, and simultaneously: Using modules (2.13) and units (9.1), the high levels of radiation and energy flows (1.12) of fusion products resulting from the fusion process in the target explosion region (2.16) are converted into thermal and / or electrical energy; - Electrical energy is stored in unit (9.2); - Thermal energy is stored in the unit (9.3) A method according to any one of claims 14 to 19, characterized by the above.

21. The energy of the current and electromagnetic field that has passed through the explosion region and the reverse current conductor is converted into electrical energy stored in the output energy storage device 2 (1.18) system, and simultaneously: - Using unit (10.1), the energy flow (1.20) of the current in the grounded reverse current conductor (1.13) is extracted; - The extracted target explosion energy stream is transmitted via a line (10.2) to a module (10.3) that converts and adjusts the pulse power; - In module (10.3), the pulse power is adjusted and converted from a relatively high value after the explosion of the target (1.10.1) to a power value necessary for efficient energy storage in the second output energy storage unit (1.18). A method according to any one of claims 14 to 20, characterized by the above.

22. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that the process is realized using a non-uniform, transient high-voltage discharge plasma structure (2.6, 2.8, 2.10) generated in the focusing zone of the electron beam using a plasma gun and / or laser source, thereby providing a shock sufficient to change the energy direction of the process.

23. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 22, characterized in that, in order to realize the above process, the value and internal structure of the Coulomb barrier of the fuel nucleus of the reactor target (1.10.1) are controlled by a toroidal electromagnetic field generator (2.4) and a radial current field generator (2.5).

24. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 23, characterized in that a plurality of additional fusion drivers 1 and / or 2 and / or 3 are used to achieve the process.

25. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 24, characterized in that, in order to realize the process, the kinetic energy and electromagnetic radiation of the fusion products resulting from the fusion process over a wide range of energies are converted into electrical energy that can be used for other purposes or stored in an energy storage device.

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