Copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and functionalized maleic acid moiety

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and maleic acid comonomer, wherein the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is functionalized with a benzophenone substituent (BP), where the amount of maleic acid in the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is less than 1 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, and most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in coatings for medical devices and / or medical aids. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a composition comprising a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer and optionally a crosslinking agent, and to a medical device comprising a coating having a crosslinked vinylpyrrolidone copolymer and optionally a crosslinking agent.

Description

Detailed description of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and maleic acid comonomer, wherein the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is functionalized with a benzophenone substituent (BP), and the amount of maleic acid in the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is less than 1 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, and most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in coatings for medical devices and / or medical aids. The present invention also relates to medical products and medical aids having a coating of a crosslinked polymer and optionally at least one crosslinking agent of the present invention, and further relates to cosmetic and hygiene products containing the polymer and optionally at least one crosslinking agent of the present invention.

[0002] [Background of the Invention] In general, any medical intervention on a living organism involves potentially life-threatening situations to which the organism naturally responds with its own defense mechanisms; therefore, medical devices that inevitably come into contact with the living organism during intended use are subject to particularly high demands. Accordingly, medically necessary interventions should be carried out in a manner that minimizes and reduces traumatic effects to an unavoidable level. Furthermore, the healing process after the intervention should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of treatment-related complications in the short or long term. Accordingly, medical devices should possess sufficient stability, biocompatibility, hematopoietic compatibility, hydrophilicity, flexibility, biodegradability, pressure resistance, tear resistance, or compatibility to prevent undesirable outcomes such as degenerative inflammatory processes, infections, thrombosis, bleeding, tissue proliferation, cell breakdown, necrosis, scarring, arthritis, bone proliferation, bone breakdown, cartilage damage, cartilage loss, and connective tissue damage.

[0003] A crucial aspect of avoiding complications is ensuring that, in addition to minimally invasive surgical techniques, medical devices are as easy to handle as possible and function optimally without causing avoidable short-term or long-term damage. For example, rough surfaces on medical devices are undesirable to prevent intentional abrasion, damage, or irritation of surrounding tissues when in contact with them. Rough surfaces can not only unintentionally increase inflammatory processes but also consequently make the healing process more difficult and even inhibit healing. Medical devices that cause degenerating inflammatory processes, overreactions of tissues, the immune system, and the coagulation system, infections, thrombosis, bleeding, tissue proliferation that may result from the presence of the medical device as a foreign body, and reactions that do not perform their intended function and may manifest as persistent and permanent pain, or only as delayed effects (e.g., in skeletal areas, bandages, etc.) can lead to serious damage. Therefore, medical devices that fail to fulfill their intended purpose and cause reactions that may manifest as persistent and permanent pain due to insufficient performance, or only as delayed effects (e.g., in the skeletal region, intervertebral discs, joints, spine, arthritis, bone proliferation, bone breakdown, cartilage damage, cartilage loss, etc.) must be avoided.

[0004] Conventional technologies have attempted to solve these complex problems over many years using a variety of materials. The key objectives here are to prevent tissue from being damaged or irritated beyond what is necessary, to prevent inflammatory responses from becoming an unavoidable burden beyond what is already unavoidable by the intervention itself, and to promote rather than delay the healing process, thereby ensuring that the intended function of the medical device or medical aid is performed as optimally as possible.

[0005] To date, only a few prior art medical devices are known to meet these desirable characteristics. This is particularly evident in the vascular field, where hydrophilic materials are primarily used for coatings such as stents or catheters. These products feature coatings with low friction and good adhesion, and are advertised as improving implantation conditions over the long term. Although these products have already shown improvements in characteristics, they still do not fully meet the high requirements imposed on them. However, the absence of inflammation and infection is extremely important not only in the vascular field, but also in situations where catheters must be used long-term, such as in the urinary tract, or where short-term or long-term access must be ensured (all types of cannulas, such as intravenous infusions, tracheostomy ventilators, and colostomies). Therefore, different requirements are imposed on medical devices or medical aids depending on the application field.

[0006] Therefore, there remains an urgent need for medical devices or medical aids with improved and optimized properties that meet these high requirements, because medical devices or medical aids can only optimally support the living body if all necessary parameters are considered and fully met. Accordingly, properties suitable for the application, such as flexibility, elasticity, deformability, decomposition behavior, service life, shelf life, sterilization stability, smoothness, hydrophilicity, and friction resistance, are considered prerequisites for the optimal effect of medical devices or medical aids.

[0007] The optimal coating for medical devices used over long or short periods should have good adhesion to the medical device surface, while simultaneously possessing the same flexibility, elasticity, and deformability as the original uncoated material. Furthermore, it is particularly desirable that the coating exhibits low frictional resistance, thereby preventing unnecessary irritation of tissue, for example, during and after implantation, making it easier for surgeons and nurses to use, allowing the medical device to reach the target site without loss and perform its intended function without undesirable side effects.

[0008] The coating can function as a transport medium or dissolution-modulating mechanism for the active ingredient, or it is desirable that other therapeutically active additives, such as polymers, salts, hydrates, solvates, halogens, minerals, metals, and metal salts, be present in the coating without impairing adhesion to the medical device surface or increasing frictional resistance.

[0009] The prior art describes medical devices comprising coatings using polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers intended to exhibit improved biocompatibility and lubricity. One method in the prior art to provide improved biocompatibility is to provide polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers having covalently bonded photoreactive groups. Another method in the prior art is to add a crosslinking agent to the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer. After the coating is applied to the surface of the medical device, crosslinking of the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer can be achieved in either case, for example, by ultraviolet irradiation.

[0010] Even if the coating exhibits improved properties such as enhanced biocompatibility or lubricity, it still does not fully meet the requirements for medical devices. Therefore, there remains an urgent need for materials suitable for use in coatings for medical devices or medical aids.

[0011] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer having improved physical and mechanical properties with respect to flexibility, stretchability, deformability, degradability, shelf life, storability, and hydrophilicity, and which can be used in particular for coating medical devices or medical aids, thereby providing a coating with significantly reduced frictional resistance while maintaining stable adhesion to the surface. Therefore, the object of the present invention also relates to medical devices equipped with a coating containing the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer. A further object is to provide cosmetic and hygiene products containing the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer and optionally a crosslinking agent.

[0012] The object of the present invention is resolved by teaching the independent claims. Further advantageous features, embodiments and details of the present invention are evident from the dependent claims, specification, drawings and examples of this application.

[0013] [Brief description of the invention] Surprisingly, a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and maleic acid comonomer, where the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is functionalized with a benzophenone substituent (BP), and where the amount of maleic acid in the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is less than 1 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, and most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, has been shown to solve the above objective.

[0014] Surprisingly, coatings of medical devices or medical aids containing the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention exhibit significantly reduced frictional resistance compared to the prior art, thus improving lubricity, while simultaneously providing excellent adhesion to the surface of the medical device or medical aid. Therefore, compared to the prior art, the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention offers improved physical and mechanical properties with respect to flexibility, elasticity, deformability, decomposition behavior, service life, storage life, hydrophilicity, lubricity, frictional resistance, and adhesion to the surface.

[0015] The present invention further relates to a coating composition comprising the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention. The present invention further relates to a coating composition comprising the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer and a crosslinking agent of the present invention.

[0016] The present invention further relates to a coating composition comprising the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer (component A), a crosslinking agent (component B), and a first biostable and biodegradable polymer (component C) and a second biostable and biodegradable polymer (component D), wherein component C is preferably a PVP LMW such as Kollidon® 30, and component D is preferably a PVP HMW such as Kollidon® 90F.

[0017] The present invention further relates to a medical device having a coating of a crosslinked vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and maleic acid comonomer, wherein the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is functionalized with a benzophenone substituent (BP), and the amount of maleic acid in the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is less than 1 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, and most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%.

[0018] [Description of the invention] The present invention relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and maleic acid comonomer, wherein the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is functionalized with a benzophenone substituent (BP), and the amount of maleic acid in the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is less than 1 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, and most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%.

[0019] This study reveals that the characteristics of the residues on the carboxyl group of maleic acid and the distribution of maleic acid monomers in the polymer chain favorably determine the properties of the crosslinked vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

[0020] The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention exhibits excellent adhesion to various substrate materials, particularly those related to the medical device field, and therefore enables stable adhesion to the surface of medical devices. Furthermore, the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention has been observed to have significantly reduced frictional resistance, and therefore these vinylpyrrolidone copolymers are particularly suitable for providing a lubricating coating to the surface of medical devices. Coatings using the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention also result in improved physical and mechanical properties. Due to its stable adhesion and significantly reduced frictional resistance, the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention is particularly advantageous for use as a coating component for surfaces, especially the surface of medical devices.

[0021] In comparison, coating a substrate with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) homopolymer alone did not significantly affect the resulting frictional resistance compared to an uncoated substrate. To investigate frictional resistance, one side of a nylon substrate was coated with a mixture of Kollidon 90F (high molecular weight PVP) and PVP-30K (Figure 1), and the other side was coated with Kollidon 90F alone (Figure 2), and the coefficient of friction was measured.

[0022] Therefore, the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in all medical devices and medical aids that can be used in or on the body surface for short or long periods of time, or for use inside all medical devices and medical aids. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention may, among other things, be used as a coating component for tubes, catheters, or other materials that need to be inserted into the body. Examples of these include, but are not limited to, all kinds of catheters, balloon catheters, bladder catheters, catheter shafts, guidewires, gastric tubes, endoscopes, colonoscopes, needles, cannulas, endotracheal tubes, tracheal tubes, implants such as stents, intraocular lenses, artificial joints, screws, fixators, artificial orifices, nasal implants, vocal cords, larynx, artificial and natural valves such as heart valves or venous valves, esophageal sphincters, anal sphincters, bone graft substitutes, ventilator tubes, etc.

[0023] The surface or substrate to be coated can be formed from a variety of common materials. Examples include, but are not limited to, polyamides (e.g., PA12, PA6, PA66, etc.), stainless steel, nitinol, Pebax, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl, polystyrene, polyimide, polyamide, PTFE, silicone, polyurethane, polyester, e.g., polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polycarbonate, polylactide, polyglycolide, polylactic acid, polyacetate, polycarbonate, etc., and their copolymers and derivatives. Different preferences for bonding to the material surface may be observed with mixing of components, which means that the optimal composition for different substrates must be determined experimentally, but this determination can be made without excessive effort by those skilled in the art.

[0024] Accordingly, the polymers of the present invention can be used, in particular, as coatings for tubes, catheters, or other materials that need to be inserted into the body. Examples of these include, but are not limited to, balloon catheters, bladder catheters, gastric tubes, endoscopes, colonoscopes, needles, cannulas, endotracheal tubes, tracheal cannulas, implants such as stents, intraocular lenses, artificial joints, screws, fixation devices, artificial orifices, nasal implants, vocal cords, larynx, artificial and natural valves such as heart valves or venous valves, esophageal sphincters, anal sphincters, bone graft substitutes, and ventilator tubes. However, the molecular colloids of the present invention can also be used as cartilage substitutes, nerve sheaths, venous valve occlusions, sealing materials used extracorporeally and intracorporeally, subcutaneous or intramuscular implants, gels / ointments containing moisturizers and / or active ingredients, microcapsules and macrocapsules, wound protectants, breast implants, generally as fillers, compresses, pads, etc., or as components of the products described herein. Further applications of the molecular colloid of the present invention include, but are not limited to, cosmetics, personal care, hair care and skin care, colored cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biomaterials for delivery systems, excipients and coatings, and industrial applications, paper coatings, textile coatings, ink additives, suspension aids and adhesives. Further applications include, but are not limited to, film applications, lubricating coatings, compatibilizers, adhesives, polymeric surfactants, and antimicrobial and antifouling coatings. Further examples include skin lotions, moisturizers, eye creams, soaps, synthetic detergents, shower and bath products, sunscreens, insect repellents, acne treatments, shaving products, etc. Thus, a very diverse range of products is possible in medical devices, medical aids, cosmetics and hygiene products, such as personal care compositions or cosmetic compositions, and in their applications.

[0025] [Definition] Linker As used herein, the term "linker" refers to a low molecular weight organic molecule that covalently bonds two or more organic compounds to each other. Generally, a linker represents a bifunctional chemical substance that links a first compound to a second compound. Linkers function as spacers for two or more organic compounds, and therefore can advantageously increase flexibility. Linkers can have different lengths and polarities. Examples of linkers include, but are not limited to, alkyl linkers, aryl linkers, arylalkyl linkers, alkoxy linkers, aryloxy linkers, alkylhydroxy linkers, arylhydroxy linkers, alkylaryloxy linkers, alkylamino linkers, arylamino linkers, and alkylarylamino linkers, each of which may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted. Polymers that still have functional groups in their polymer chains can be functionalized with a variety of organic compounds. These organic compounds can also be bonded to the polymer chain via linkers, resulting in these organic compounds having distance from the polymer's main chain, thereby improving the flexibility of these organic compounds.

[0026] Bridge As used herein, the term "crosslinking" refers to a reaction in which one or more individual polymers bond together to form a three-dimensional network. This bonding can be achieved directly during polymer assembly or by reaction with existing polymers. The crosslinking process alters the properties of the polymer. Generally, an increase in hardness, toughness, melting point, and solubility is observed. As the degree of crosslinking, i.e., the proportion of bond sites to the entire polymer, increases, the changes also increase. Crosslinking of existing polymers can be achieved either by utilizing functional groups already present in the polymer through the careful selection of reaction conditions (self-crosslinking) or by adding polyfunctional low molecular weight substances. Crosslinking or UV curing are well known in the field of polymer chemistry. Examples of photoreactive functional groups that can be used for crosslinking include, but are not limited to, aryl azides, azido-methylcoumarins, benzophenones, anthraquinones, certain diazo compounds, diazirines, and psoralen derivatives. Examples of direct crosslinking reactions include free radical polymerization of monomers having two vinyl groups, or condensation polymerization or addition polymerization using monomers having two or more functional groups.

[0027] Crosslinking agent As used herein, the term "crosslinking agent" refers to a bifunctional or polyfunctional low molecular weight compound characterized by at least two reactive groups, which can crosslink individual polymers to form a three-dimensional network. The reactive groups of the crosslinking agent according to the present invention are benzophenones, each of which may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted.

[0028] monomer As used herein, the term "monomer" refers to an organic compound, generally a low molecular weight organic compound, and more specifically, an unsaturated (low molecular weight) organic compound, which has at least one chemically reactive group such as a double bond or an epoxide group, or at least two chemically reactive groups such as two carboxyl groups, two hydroxyl groups, or two amino groups, and these organic compounds can react by chemical reactions to form long-chain unbranched or branched polymers composed of monomers covalently bonded to each other.

[0029] Examples of hydrophilic monomers include hydroxyl-substituted lower alkyl acrylates and hydroxyl-substituted lower alkyl methacrylates, such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate, acrylamides, methacrylamides, (lower alkyl) acrylamides and (lower alkyl) methacrylamides, N,N-dialkylacrylamides, ethoxylated acrylates and ethoxylated methacrylates, such as polyethylene glycol monoacrylate, polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate, hydroxyl-substituted (lower alkyl) acrylamides, hydroxy Syl-substituted (lower alkyl) methacrylamide, hydroxyl-substituted lower alkyl vinyl ether, sodium vinyl sulfonate, sodium styrene sulfonate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid, N-vinylpyrrole, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2-vinyloxazoline, 2-vinyl-4,4'-dialkyloxazoline-5-one, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, allyl alcohol, 3-trimethylammonium-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate chloride, vinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, acryloyl chloride, ethylene glycol acrylate, methylolacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, styrene sulfonate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl metharylamide, N-(1,1-Dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide, ethylene glycol vinyl ether, di(ethylene glycol) vinyl ether, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-methyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, 1-methyl-5-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, 5-methyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, 1-ethyl-5-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, 5-ethyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, 1-n-propyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, 1-n-propyl-5-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, 1- This includes, but is not limited to, isopropyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, 1-isopropyl-5-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylformamide, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylisopropylamide, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-2-hydroxyethylvinylcarbamate, N-carboxy-β-alanine-N-vinyl ester, N-carboxyvinyl-β-alanine, and N-carboxyvinyl-α-alanine.

[0030] In this specification, preferred monomers and / or oligomers are monomers of known hydrophilic polymers, and also include their oligomers. For example, preferred monomers are polymerizable organic compounds having at least a monoolefin unsaturated group. Examples of monoolefin unsaturated monomers include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, N-vinylcarbazole, acrylic acid esters, acrylamide, vinyl, vinylamine, vinylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl ether, and vinyl acetal.

[0031] Examples of hydrophobic monomers are C1-C 18 Alkyl acrylate or C1-C 18Methacrylates, for example, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, and the like, 1,3-butadiene, C3~C 18 Cycloalkyl acrylate or C3~C 18 Methacrylates, for example, cycloalkyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, cycloalkyl methacrylate, and the like, C3~C 18 Alkyl acrylamide, C3~C 18 Methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl C1~C 18 Alkanoates, for example, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl valerate, and the like, C2~C 18 Alkene, C2~C 18 Haloalkene, styrene, (lower alkyl)styrene, d-methylstyrene, C2~C 12 Alkyl vinyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, C2~C 10 Perfluoroalkyl acrylate, C2~C 10 Perfluoroalkyl methacrylate, partially fluorinated acrylate or partially fluorinated methacrylate, for example, trifluoroethyl methacrylate, hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate, and the like, C2~C 12 Perfluoroalkylethylthiocarbonylaminoethyl acrylate and methacrylate, perfluorohexylethylthiocarbonylaminoethyl methacrylate, acryloxy and methacryloxyalkylsiloxanes, for example, tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylpropyl methacrylate (TRIS), 3-methacryloxy-propylpentamethyldisiloxane, and the like, N-vinylcarbazole, bis-C1~C of maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid 12Alkyl esters, such as dimethyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, dibutyl maleate, and dibutyl fumarate, include, but are not limited to, chloroprene, vinyl chloride, and vinylidene chloride.

[0032] polymer As used herein, the term "polymer" refers to a polymer composed of long, unbranched or branched chains of numerous covalently bonded monomers. As used herein, a polymer refers to a molecule having an average molecular weight of 1,000 g / mol, preferably at least 5,000 g / mol, and more preferably at least 10,000 g / mol.

[0033] Examples of polymers include, but are not limited to, polyacrylamides, polyalcohols, polyethers, polyesters, polyesteramides, polyetherimines, polyetheramines, polyvinylcarbazoles, polyurethanes, polyacrylamides, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl amides, polyvinyl amides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylamines, polyvinylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl ethers, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, polylactams, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycol ethers, polyethylene oxides, polyoxazolines, polyacetals, and polysiloxanes. Examples of known synthetic organic polymers include, but are not limited to, polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acids, polybutadienes, polymethacrylic acids, polyethyleneimines, polystyrenes, polysulfonic acids, polytetrafluoroethylenes, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl chlorides, polyethylene glycols, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0034] Specific examples of polymers include polylactonic acid, polyvalerolactone, poly-ε-decalactone, polyglycolic acid, polylactide, polyglycolide, copolymers of polylactide and polyglycolide, poly-ε-caprolactone, polypivotractone, polycaprolactone glycoside, polygluconate, polylactic acid-polyethylene oxide copolymer, poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA), poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (PLLA / PLA), and poly(L-lactide) Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLLA / PGA), Poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate)(PGA / PTMC), Polycaprolactone (PCL), Polycaprolactone-co-butyl acrylate, Poly(phosphazene), Poly(D,L-lactide-co-caprolactone)(PLA / PCL), Poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone)(PGA / PCL), Polymaleic anhydride, Maleic anhydride copolymer, Polymaleic acid, Maleic acid copolymer, Polylacta Poly(N-vinyl)-pyrrolidone (PVP), poly(N-vinyl)-pyrrolidone copolymer, N-dodecylpyrrolidone, N-decyl-pyrrolidone, N-octyl-pyrrolidone, N-alkyllactam, N-dodecylcaprolactam, N-decylcaprolactam, N-octyl-caprolactam, N-dodecyl-valerolactam, N-decylvalerolactam, N-octyl-valerolactam, polyvinyl alcohol, derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol, polyether, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO) , polyethylene oxide propylene oxide, copolymer with polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, bis-[α-methyl-(4-methylbenzyl)]-phenyl polyglycol ether,Bis-[α-methyl-(4-n-dodecyl)]-phenyl polyglycol ether, bis-(4-methyl-benzyl)-phenyl polyglycol ether, bis-(4-n-dodecyl-benzyl)-phenyl polyglycol ether, tris-[alpha-methyl-(4-methyl-benzyl)]-phenyl polyglycol ether, nonylphenol polyglycol ether, nonylphenol diglycol ether, polyether ester multiblock polymers, e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polybutylene terephthalate such as polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrate corvalerate, polydioxanone (PDS), poly(1,4-dioxan-2,3-dione), poly(1,3-dioxan-2-one), polyhydroxymethacrylate, polycyanoacrylate, polycaprolactone dimethyl acrylate, polycaprolactone butyl acrylate, poly-γ-ethyl glutamate, multiblock polymers, such as oligocaprolactone diol and oligodioxanone diol, and polyglycolate trimethylcarbonate. Poly(DTH-iminocarbonate), Poly(DTE-co-DT-carbonate), Poly(bisphenol A-iminocarbonate), Polyester, Glycolized Polyester, Polyesteramide, Polyorthoester, Polytrimethylcarbonate, Polyetherimine, Poly[p-carboxyphenoxy)propane], Polyetherester, Polyalkenoxalate, Polyorthoester copolymer, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyvinyl, Polyvinylide, Polyvinylamine, Polyvinylamide, Polyvinyl ether, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), nylon, polyphosphoesters, polyhydroxypentanoic acid, polyacids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, polyacid esters, polyacid amines, polyacid amides, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutyl methacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyetheramide, polyethyleneamine, polyimide, polycarbonate, polycarbonate urethane, polyvinyl ketone, polyvinyl halide, polyvinylidene halide,Polyisobutylene, polyvinyl aromatics, polyvinyl esters, polyoxymethylene, polytetramethylene oxide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, soft polyurethane, polyurethane with amino acid residues in its backbone, polyether urethane, silicone polyether urethane, silicone polyurethane, silicone polycarbonate urethane, polyolefin elastomer, polyisobutylene, polyvalerate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether ether ketone, polyaryl ether ether ketone, lipids, fibrin, carrageenan -nan, fibrinogen, starch, starch derivatives, modified starch, collagen, protein polymers, polyamino acids, synthetic polyamino acids, zein, denatured zein, polyhydroxyalkanoates, pectin, actin, hyaluronic acid, modified and unmodified fibrin and casein, carboxymethyl sulfate, albumin, heparin sulfate, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, dextran, dextrin, α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin, Acacia gum, guar, collagen, collagen-N-hydroxysuccinimide, phospholipids, carboxymethyl chitosan, lanolin, gelatin, gelatin derivatives, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, modified cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, rayon, rayon triacetate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose ether, cellulose triacetate, ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer, polysulfone, epoxy resin, AB S resin, EPDM rubber, agar, alginic acid, alginate, chicle, dammer, marshmallow extract, guerlain (E418), guar gum (E412), gum arabic (E414), plantain seed husk gum, spruce resin gum, locust bean gum (E410), karaya gum (E416), konjac powder (E425), mastic, pectin, tara gum (E417), tragacanth gum (E413), xanthan gum (E415), sago, shellac, silicones, such as polysiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, fluorosilicone, etc.This includes, but is not limited to, polyvinyl halogens, poly-para-xylylene (parylene), such as parylene N, parylene C, and / or parylene D, as well as copolymers, block polymers, or segment polymers of the aforementioned polymers, and / or mixtures thereof, and derivatives thereof.

[0035] Examples of biocompatible polymers include poly(esteramide), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly(3-hydroxypropanoate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(3-hydroxyhexanoate), poly(3-hydroxyheptanoate), poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate), poly(4-hydroxybutyrate), poly(4-hydroxyvalerate), poly(4-hydroxyhexanoate), poly(4-hydroxyheptanoate), poly(4-hydroxyoctanoate), and poly(4-hydroxyoctanoate). Poly(dioxanone), poly(orthoester), poly(anhydrous), poly(tyrosine carbonate), poly(tyrosine ester), poly(iminocarbonate), poly(glycolate-trimethylene carbonate), polyphosphoester, polyphosphoester urethane, poly(amino acid), polycyanoacrylate, polyepoxyacrylate, polyurethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, amine-modified polyether acrylate, polyacrylate acrylate, polycarbonate acrylate, polyepoxy Polymethacrylate, polyurethane methacrylate, polyester methacrylate, polyether methacrylate, amine-modified polyether methacrylate, polyacrylate methacrylate, polycarbonate methacrylate, polyepoxyacrylamide, polyurethane acrylamide, polyester acrylamide, polyether acrylamide, amine-modified polyether acrylamide, polyacrylate acrylamide, polycarbonate acrylamide, polyepoxymethacrylamide, polyurethane methacrylamide, polyester methacrylamide, polyether methacrylamide, amine-modified polyether methacrylamide, polyacrylmethacrylamide, polycarbonate methacrylamide, poly(trimethylene carbonate), poly(iminocarbonate), polyurethane, polyphosphazene, silicone, polyester, polyolefin, polyisobutylene, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, acrylic polymer, acrylic copolymer, vinyl halide polymer, vinyl halide copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl methyl ether,Polyvinylidene halide, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl ketone, polyvinyl aromatic, polystyrene, polyvinyl ester, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamide, polycaprolactam, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polyimide, polyether, poly(propylene fumarate), poly(n-butyl methacrylate), poly(sec-butyl methacrylate), poly(isobutyl Poly(methacrylate), poly(tert-butyl methacrylate), poly(n-propyl methacrylate), poly(isopropyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), polyurethane, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellophane, cellulose nitrate, cellulose propionate, cellulose ether, carboxymethylcellulose, polyether, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), copolymer (ether ester), polyalkylene oxide, poly(ethylene oxy Poly(propylene oxide), poloxamer, poloxamine, poly(propylene oxide), poly(ether ester), polyalkylene oxalate, polyphosphazene, silane-modified polymer, poly(aspirin), poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene)-PEG (SIS-PEG), polystyrene-PEG, polyisobutylene-PEG, polycaprolactone-PEG (PCL-PEG), PLA-PEG, poly(methyl methacrylate)-PEG (PMMA-PEG), polydimethylsiloxane-co-PEG (PDMS-PEG), poly(vinylidene fluoride) )-PEG (PVDF-PEG), (polypropylene oxide-co-polyethylene glycol), poly(tetramethylene glycol), hydroxy-functionalized poly(vinylpyrrolidone), polypropylene oxide-co-polyethylene glycol, PEGylated heparin, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), GAG derivatives, polysaccharides, polymers and copolymers of hydroxyl-containing monomers such as HEMA, hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), hydroxypropyl methacrylamide, PEG acrylate (PEGA), PEG methacrylate,This includes, but is not limited to, polymers and copolymers such as 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP), carboxylic acid-containing monomers such as methacrylic acid (MA), acrylic acid (AA), etc., alkoxymethacrylates, alkoxyacrylates, 3-trimethylsilylpropyl methacrylate (TMSPMA), and copolymers, block polymers, or segment polymers of the aforementioned polymers, and / or mixtures thereof, as well as derivatives thereof.

[0036] Examples of biodegradable or bioabsorbable polymers include polyvalerolactone, poly-ε-decalactone, polylactonic acid, polyglycolate polylactide, polyglycolide, copolymers of polylactide and polyglycolide, poly-ε-caprolactone, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxyvalerate, polyhydroxybutyrate-covalerate, poly(1,4-dioxan-2,3-dione), poly(1,3-dioxan-2-one), poly-p-dioxanone, polyanhydrides such as polymaleic acid anhydride, and poly Hydroxymethacrylate, fibrin, polycyanoacrylate, poly-β-maleic acid, polycaprolactone dimethyl acrylate, polycaprolactone butyl acrylate, polypivotractone, multiblock polymers such as oligocaprolactone diol and oligodioxanone diol, polyether ester multiblock polymers such as PEG and polybutylene terephthalate, polyglycolate trimethyl carbonate, polycaprolactone glycoside, poly-γ-ethyl glutamate, Poly(DTH-iminocarbonate), poly(DTE-co-DT-carbonate), poly(bisphenol A-iminocarbonate), polyorthoester, polytrimethylcarbonate, polyglycolate trimethylcarbonate, polyiminocarbonate, poly(N-vinyl)-pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyorthoester, and copolymers thereof, lipids, carrageenan, fibrinogen, starch, collagen, protein polymers, polyamino acids, synthetic polyamino acids, zein, modified zein, polyhydr This includes, but is not limited to, roxyalkanoates, pectin, actin, modified and unmodified fibrin and casein, carboxymethyl sulfate, albumin, and further includes hyaluronic acid, heparin sulfate, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, dextran, β-cyclodextrin, and copolymers of PEG and polypropylene glycol, gum arabic, guar, gelatin, collagen, collagen-N-hydroxysuccinimide, lipids, phospholipids, modified and copolymerized and / or mixtures of the aforementioned substances.

[0037] Examples of biostable polymers, or polymers that degrade very slowly, include polyacrylic acid, polyacrylates (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate), polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyetheramide, polyethyleneamine, polyimide, polycarbonate, polycarbonate urethane, polyvinyl ketone, polyvinyl halide, polyvinylidene halide, polyvinyl ether, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl aromatics, polyvinyl esters, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxymethylene, polytetramethylene oxide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, polyether urethane, silicone-polyether urethane, silicone-polycarbonate urethane, and poly This includes, but is not limited to, polyolefin elastomers, polyisobutylene, EPDM rubber, fluorosilicone, carboxymethyl chitosan, polyaryl ether ether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvalerate, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, rayon, rayon triacetate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer, polysulfone, epoxy resin, ABS resin, EPDM rubber, silicone, polyvinyl halogens and copolymers such as polysiloxane and polydimethylsiloxane, cellulose ether, cellulose triacetate, chitosan, and copolymers and / or mixtures thereof.

[0038] Examples of hydrophilic polymers include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (polyethylene glycol (PEG)), poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, poly-N-vinyl-2-piperidone, poly-N-vinyl-2-caprolactam, poly-N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-caprolactam, poly-N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-piperidone, poly-N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-piperidone, poly-N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-caprolactam, poly-N-vinyl-3-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, poly-N-vinyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, polyvinylimidazole, poly-N-dimethylacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, poly-2-ethyloxazoline, heparin polysaccharides, polysaccharides, polyoxyethylene derivatives, and copolymers, block polymers, or segment polymers thereof, and derivatives thereof.

[0039] Examples of polymers obtained by non-radical polymerization include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethers, polyoltoesters, polyetherimines, polyetheramines, polyurethanes, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, polylactams, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyethyleneimines, polyitaconic acid, polymesaconic acid, polyglutaconic acid, polycitraconic acid, polyaconitic acid, polyisocitronic acid, polyoxaloacetic acid, polymalic acid, polylactide, glucosaminoglycans, polyglycolides, cellulose, polyoxazolines, peptides, polysaccharides, polyelectrolytes, polyacetals, polysiloxanes, polymethylenemalonic acid, and copolymers, block polymers, or segment polymers thereof, and derivatives thereof.

[0040] Polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene glycol, or polyurethane can also be obtained by non-radical polymerization. Polyurethane can be synthesized, for example, by polyaddition reaction from a diol and a diisocyanate. Polyethylene glycol / polyethylene oxide can be synthesized from ethylene oxide using an alkaline catalyst.

[0041] The polymer may further contain photosensitive and / or temperature-sensitive groups, and may represent a photosensitive and / or temperature-sensitive polymer that can be activated by radiation and / or heating and bonded to a surface, for example, via the formation of covalent bonds.

[0042] Hydrophilic polymer As used herein, the term "hydrophilic polymer" refers to a polymer with a partition coefficient of T between n-octanol and water. OW <6.30(logT OW <0.80), preferably T OW <1.80(logT OW <0.26), comfortT OW <0.63(logT OW <-0.20), and more preferably T OW <0.40(logT OW This refers to polymers having a <-0.40) property. In this specification, "hydrophilic monomer" is preferably a monomer having a solubility in water of more than 80 g / l at 25°C and 1 bar, particularly more than 100 g / l.

[0043] Hydrophobic polymers As used herein, the terms "hydrophobic polymer" or "lipophilic polymer" refer to polymers having a partition coefficient between n-butanol and water of ≥0.5, preferably ≥0.7, more preferably ≥0.9, and particularly preferably ≥1.1. As used herein, "hydrophobic monomer" refers to monomers having a solubility in water of 80 g / l or less, particularly ≥50 g / l or less, at 25°C and 1 bar.

[0044] Polymer chain As used herein, the term "polymer chain" refers to an unbranched or branched chain of multiple covalently bonded monomers. In the production of polymers, numerous monomers are covalently bonded to form a polymer chain consisting of repeating structural units (monomer moieties). Therefore, a polymer represents a macromolecule composed of repeating identical or different repeating structural units (monomer moieties). An unbranched polymer or linear polymer is a polymer consisting of a single polymer chain that forms the main chain. A linear polymer is formed when a monomer can bond to only two adjacent monomers. An example of a linear polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). A branched polymer has additional branching points in the polymer chain, through which side chains can be formed in the polymer chain. For example, to prepare a branched polymer, monomers having two or more chemically reactive groups, such as tertiary, quaternary, or polyfunctional monomers, can be used.

[0045] Degree of polymerization As used herein, the term "degree of polymerization" refers to the number of covalently bonded monomers in a polymer chain. A polymer having a degree of polymerization of at least 10, or a polymer having a polymer chain composed of at least 10 covalently bonded monomers, is referred to herein as a polymer.

[0046] monomer part As used herein, the term "monomer moiety" refers to a covalently bonded monomer incorporated into a polymer chain. Therefore, the term "monomer moiety" refers to a structural unit of a polymer chain. Thus, a polymer chain or polymer consists of numerous monomer moieties bonded to one another by covalent bonds. If the monomer is an unsaturated organic compound with the general formula R-CH=CH2, where R is any residue, the monomer moiety has the following structure:

[0047] [ka]

[0048] polymerization As used herein, the terms “polymerization” or “polymerization reaction” refer to a chemical reaction in which similar or different monomers react to form a polymer. Therefore, in polymerization reactions, linear, branched, or crosslinked polymers are formed by the sequential reaction of monomers or oligomers. In this specification, unsaturated organic compounds containing at least one double bond are preferably used as monomers:

[0049] [ka]

[0050] Homopolymers and homopolymerization As used herein, the term "homopolymerization" refers to polymerization that produces a polymer using only one type of monomer. Therefore, homopolymerization produces a polymer consisting of only one type of monomer. A polymer composed of identical monomer parts is also referred to herein as a "homopolymer."

[0051] Copolymers, main monomers, comonomers, and copolymers As used herein, the term "copolymerization" refers to polymerization that produces a polymer using two or more different monomers. Therefore, copolymerization produces a polymer in which the polymer chain is composed of different monomer moieties. Thus, a polymer composed of two or more different monomer moieties is referred to herein as a "polymer." The two or more different monomers may be present in equimolar ratios in the copolymer, or in other ratios. Generally, the monomer that primarily determines the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting copolymer is referred to as the "principal monomer." As used herein, the term "comonomer" refers to a (secondary) monomer used in copolymerization in addition to the principal monomer. Copolymerization is commonly used in the prior art to adapt the physical and mechanical properties of homopolymers to specific requirements, for example, to control wettability or improve solubility. In this case, comonomers can be used in small or large amounts. One advantage of using comonomers is that they cannot be eluted because they are incorporated into the polymer chain and bonded to the polymer by covalent bonds. Comonomers can also be used to achieve crosslinking to obtain crosslinked polymers. Copolymers consist of at least two types of monomers, and can therefore be classified based on how these monomers are arranged along the polymer chain. Linear copolymers consist of a single main chain and include alternating copolymers, random copolymers, and block copolymers. Branched copolymers consist of one main chain and one or more polymer side chains and may be graft-type.

[0052] random copolymer As used herein, the term "random copolymer" refers to a copolymer in which the main monomer and comonomer are arranged in the chain according to a statistical distribution. A distribution is considered random if the ratio of monomers in a given region corresponds to the molar ratio.

[0053] Block copolymer As used herein, the term "block copolymer" refers to a copolymer consisting of long segments or blocks composed of two or more different monomers.

[0054] Graft copolymer As used herein, the term "grafted copolymer" refers to a copolymer in which polymer chains from one monomer are grafted onto the main chain of another polymer or copolymer.

[0055] alternating copolymer As used herein, the term "alternating copolymer" refers to a copolymer in which two monomers are arranged alternately.

[0056] block As used herein, the term "block" refers to a segment present in the polymer chain of a copolymer, composed of only one type of monomer, and therefore having the structural properties of a homopolymer in the monomer. Here, a block preferably consists of at least two, more preferably at least three, even more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, even more preferably at least six, even more preferably at least seven, and even more preferably at least eight identical monomers. A copolymer composed of blocks of monomer moieties of a first monomer divided by blocks of second monomer moieties differs from a normal block polymer in that the polymer chain contains only blocks of the first monomer and does not contain blocks of the second monomer. Therefore, in a copolymer composed of blocks of the first monomer divided by a second monomer, the second monomer is only covalently bonded to the monomer moieties of the first monomer, and there are no portions in the polymer chain where the monomer moieties of the second monomer are directly covalently bonded to each other. Hereinafter, the first monomer is referred to as the "main monomer," and the second monomer is referred to as the "comonomer." It should be understood that the size of the blocks, and therefore the number of main monomers in a single block, also depends on the amount of comonomers in the polymer chain; that is, the less comonomers there are, the more main monomers there are in the block. Therefore, in copolymerization, as more comonomers are used, the size of the blocks decreases. When the main monomers and comonomers are ultimately present in a 1:1 ratio, an alternating copolymer is obtained in which the main monomers and comonomers are arranged alternately in the polymer chain. Therefore, in such an alternating copolymer, each block consists of only one monomer moiety of the main monomer, but there are still no portions in the polymer chain where comonomers are directly covalently bonded to each other. Furthermore, it should be understood that the size of the blocks, and therefore the number of main monomer blocks in a single block, also depends on the method of preparing the copolymer.When a copolymer is prepared by copolymerization starting with at least two monomers, the incorporation of comonomers into the polymer chain can be statistical or random. Therefore, blocks of different sizes are formed depending on the number of main monomer blocks incorporated before covalent bonding with comonomers occurs. In this specification, it is preferable that the blocks have substantially equal numbers of main monomer blocks, i.e., substantially equal sizes. Another possible method is to pre-provide a polymer chain consisting of blocks of main monomers, i.e., main monomer oligomers, during copolymerization, instead of the main monomers themselves. Chain extension can then be achieved by covalent bonding with comonomers or with further main monomer oligomers. This method has the advantage of ensuring a minimum number of main monomer blocks in the main monomer blocks within the copolymer.

[0057] Molecular colloids As used herein, the term "molecular colloid" generally refers to a thermodynamically stable and hydrophilic system with a particle size of 10 3 From 10 9 covalently bonded atoms, preferably 10 4 From 10 7 This refers to a substance whose properties are determined by the linkage of covalently bonded atoms. Colloidal particles present in a solution of a polymer compound (e.g., a polymer) are called molecular colloids. Molecular colloids are identical to polymers (e.g., polymers), in which the structural units of the polymer are linked by covalent bonds, and polymer compounds are compounds whose properties are essentially determined by the unique size or length of their chain-like molecules, with most natural and synthetic compounds having a molecular weight of 10. 3 from 10 9 , more 10 4 from 10 7 Within this range, these polymer compounds form a colloidal solution in which the colloidal particles are generally identical to the individual polymers.

[0058] Molecular colloid network As used herein, the term “molecular colloidal network” can be formed from molecular colloids and crosslinking agents via covalent bonds, i.e., by crosslinking. The bonds in molecular colloidal networks in the solid phase are covalent bonds. Therefore, “molecular colloidal network” refers to molecular colloids in which polymers or colloidal particles are covalently bonded to each other intermolecularly and intramolecularly via a bifunctional or polyfunctional compound (crosslinking agent). Polymers suitable for the preparation of molecular colloidal networks of the present invention include homopolymers as well as mixed polymers or copolymers. Crosslinking can be achieved directly during the polymer assembly process or by reaction with an existing polymer. The crosslinking agent and at least one molecular colloid (i.e., polymer) are preferably crosslinked to form a molecular colloidal network together.

[0059] Coefficient of Friction The term "coefficient of friction" as used herein is also called the frictional cofficient and is abbreviated as "CoF" herein. The coefficient of friction represents the ratio of the frictional force to the contact force between two objects. In sliding friction, the friction surfaces are in relative motion. Sliding friction occurs at the contact surface between objects in relative motion. Therefore, herein, "coefficient of friction" refers to the sliding friction coefficient μ G It refers to.

[0060] Alkyl As used herein, the term "alkyl" refers to a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, either linear or branched, preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups having a specific number of carbon atoms are, for example, referred to as "C1-C8-alkyl," such as -CH3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -C4H9, and -C5H 11 , -C6H 13 -C7H 15 -C8H 17Examples include, or referred to as "linear C1-C6 alkyl," such as -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, and -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, or referred to as "branched C1-C6 alkyl," such as -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)C2H5, -C(CH3)3, -CH(CH3)C3H7, -CH2CH(CH3)C2H5, -CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2, -C(CH3)2C2H5, - CH2C(CH3)3, -CH(C2H5)2, -C2H4CH(CH3)2, -C3H6-CH(CH3)2, -C2H4CH(CH3)C2H5, -CH(CH3)C4H9, -CH2CH(CH3)-C3H7, -CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2, -C( CH3)2C3H7, -CH(CH3)CH(CH3)C2H5, -CH2CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2, -CH2C(CH3)2C2H5, -CH(CH3)C(CH3)3, -C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2, and -C2H4C(CH3)3.

[0061] Alkilen As used herein, the term "alkylene" refers to a linear or branched divalent hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0062] Alkenil As used herein, the term "alkenyl" refers to a group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkenyl), which is either linear or branched, and contains at least one double bond, but optionally more. Examples of "linear or branched C2-C8 alkenyls" include, but are not limited to, the following: -CH=CH2, -CH2CH=CH2, -C(CH3)=CH2, -CH=CHCH3, -C2H4CH=CH2, -CH2CH=CHCH3, -CH=CHC2H5, -CH=C(CH3)2, -CH2C(CH3)=CH2, -CH(CH3)CH=CH, -C(CH3)=CHCH3, -CH=CHCH=CH2, -C3H6CH=CH2, -C2H4CH=CHCH3, -CH2CH=CHC2H5, -CH=CHC3H7, -CH2CH=CHCH=CH2, -CH=CHCH=CHCH3, -C2H4CH=CHCH3, -CH2CH=CHC2H5, -CH2CH=CHCH=CH2, -CH=CHCH=CHCH3, -CH= CHCH2CH=CH2, -C(CH3)=CHCH=CH2, -CH=C(CH3)CH=CH2, -CH=CHC(CH3)=CH2, -CH2CH=C(CH3)2, -C(CH3)=C(CH3)2, -C2H4CH=CH2, -CH=CHC2H5, -CH=C(CH3)2, -CH2CH=CHCH3, -CH =CHCH=CH2, C3H6-CH=CH2, -CH=CHC3H7, -C4H8CH=CH2, -CH=CHC4H9, -C3H6CH=CHCH3, -CH 2CH=CHC3H7, -C2H4CH=CHC2H5, -CH2C(CH3)=C(CH3)2, -C2H4CH=C(CH3)2, and -CH=CHPh.

[0063] Alkenirene As used herein, the term "alkenylene" refers to a linear or branched divalent hydrocarbon residue having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0064] Alkinyl As used herein, the term "alkynyl" refers to a group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, which is either linear or branched, and which contains at least one triple bond, but optionally more than one triple bond, and optionally one or more double bonds. Examples of "linear or branched C2-C8 alkynyls" include, but are not limited to, the following: -CH2C≡CH, -C≡CH, -C≡CCH3, -C2H4C≡CH, -C≡C-C2H5, -CH2-C≡CCH3, -C≡CCH=CH2, -CH=CH-C≡CH, -C≡CC≡CH, -C3H6C≡CH, -C ≡CC3H7, -C2H4C≡CCH3, -CH2C≡CC2H5, -CH2C≡CCH=CH2, -CH2CH=CHC≡CH, -CH2C≡CC≡CH, -C≡CCH=CHCH3, -CH=CHC≡CCH3, -C ≡CC≡CCH3, -C≡CCH2CH=CH2, -CH=CHCH2C≡CH, -C≡CCH2C≡CH, -C(CH3)=CHCH=CH2, -CH=C(CH3)CH=CH2, -CH=CHC(CH3)=CH2 , -C(CH3)=CHC≡CH, -CH=C(CH3)C≡CH, -C≡CC(CH3)=CH2, -C4H8C≡CH, -C≡CC4H9, -C3H6C≡CCH3, -CH2C≡CC3H7, and -C≡CPh.

[0065] Cycloalkyl As used herein, the term "cycloalkyl" refers to a cyclic alkyl group having a single cyclic ring or multiple fused rings having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and optionally substituted with 1 to 3 alkyl groups. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, monocyclic structures such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopentyl, and 2-methylcyclooctyl, or polycyclic structures including crosslinked ring systems such as adamantyl. Examples of "C3-C8 cycloalkyl" include cyclo-C3H5, cyclo-C4H7, cyclo-C5H9, and cyclo-C6H 11 Cyclo-C7H 13 , and Cyclo-C8H 15 This includes, but is not limited to, , .

[0066] Aryl, diaryl, arylalkyl As used herein, the term "aryl" refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and having a monocyclic ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple fused rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl). Examples of aryls include phenyl, pyridyl, naphthyl, etc. As used herein, the term "diaryl" refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic group having at least 6 to 12 carbon atoms and having multiple unfused rings, such as diaryl compounds, including benzophenone or its derivatives. As used herein, the term "arylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with aryl, i.e., an arylalkyl group preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the aryl moiety. Examples of such arylalkyl groups include benzyl, phenylethyl, etc. Examples of "C6-C8 arylalkyls" include, but are not limited to, -CH2Ph ​​and -C2H4Ph. As used herein, the term "diarylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with diaryl, that is, a diarylalkyl group having, preferably, one to six carbon atoms in the alkyl group and at least six to twelve carbon atoms in the diaryl group. Such diarylalkyl groups include benzoylbenzyl and the like.

[0067] Oxy, alkoxy, aryloxy As used herein, the term "oxy" refers to a divalent group -O-, which may have various substituents to form oxy groups including ethers and esters. As used herein, the terms "alkoxy" and "alkyloxy" are used synonymously, and -OR α It refers to the base, and here R α This is an alkyl group containing optionally substituted alkyl groups. As used herein, "aryloxy" means -OR α It refers to the base, and here R α This is an aryl group containing an arbitrarily substituted aryl group.

[0068] carbonyl As used herein, the term "carbonyl" refers to the chemical group -C(O)- or C=O. A substituted carbonyl is R α -C(O)-R α This refers to each R α These are independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkoxy, carboxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, etc. Typical substituted carbonyl groups include acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters, acyl halides, thioesters, etc.

[0069] amino, aminoalkyl, aminoaryl, aminoarylalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkyl As used herein, the term "amino" refers to the -NH2 group. A substituted amino is the -NHR group. α , -NR α R α , and -NR α R α R α This refers to each R αThese are independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkoxy, carboxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, etc. Typical amino groups include dimethylamino, diethylamino, trimethylammonium, triethylammonium, methylsulfonylamino, furanyl-oxy-sulfamino, etc. As used herein, the term "aminoalkyl" refers to an alkyl group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by an amino group containing a substituted amino group. As used herein, the term "aminoaryl" refers to a substituted aryl group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by an amino group containing a substituted amino group. As used herein, the term "aminoarylalkyl" refers to an arylalkyl group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by an amino group containing a substituted amino group. As used herein, the term "aminocarbonyl" refers to a carbonyl group substituted with an amino group containing a substituted amino group as defined herein, and includes amides. The term "aminocarbonylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aminocarbonyl group.

[0070] Halogens, haloalkyls As used herein, the term "halogen" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. As used herein, the term "haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by a halogen. Thus, the term haloalkyl includes monohaloalkyls, dihaloalkyls, trihaloalkyls, and up to perfluoroalkyls. The term "C1-C2 haloalkyl" includes 1-fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, perfluoroethyl, and the like.

[0071] Hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyaryl, alkylaryloxy As used herein, the term "hydroxy" refers to -OH. As used herein, the term "hydroxyalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. As used herein, the term "hydroxyaryl" refers to an aryl group substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. As used herein, the term "alkylaryloxy" refers to an arylalkyl group substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups.

[0072] Heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl As used herein, the terms “heteroalkyl,” “heteroalkenyl,” and “heteroalkynyl” refer to alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl residues as defined herein, in which one or more carbon atoms are independently substituted by the same or different heteroatoms or heteroatom-containing groups. Heteroatoms and / or heteroatom-containing groups include -O-, -S-, -SO-, and -NR. α -, -PH-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)NR α -, -S(O)2NR α -This includes, but is not limited to, combinations thereof, and here each R α The group is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl. The term "heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic heterocyclic group having oxygen, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and sulfur in the ring. The heteroaryl group may have a monocyclic ring (e.g., pyridyl or furyl) or multiple fused rings (e.g., indolidinyl or benzothienyl). 10The term "heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic residue having one or more heteroatoms, such as O, S, and N. The term "heteroarylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with a heteroaryl, i.e., a heteroarylalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 5 to 12 ring atoms in the heteroaryl group. Such heteroarylalkyl groups include pyridylmethyl. The term "heterocycloalkyl" refers to a saturated or unsaturated group having a monocyclic or multiple fused rings containing 2 to 9 carbocyclic atoms and 1 to 4 heterocyclic atoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen in the ring. Such heterocyclic groups may have a monocyclic ring (e.g., piperidinyl or tetrahydrofuryl) or multiple fused rings (e.g., indolinyl, dihydrobenzofuran, or quinuclidinyl). Examples of heterocycles include, but are not limited to, furan, thiophene, thiazole, oxazole, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indidine, isoindole, indole, indazole, purine, quinolidine, isoquinoline, quinoline, phthalazine, naphthylpyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, carbazole, carborin, phenantholidine, acridine, phenanthroline, isothiazole, phenazine, isoxazole, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, imidazolidine, imidazoline, piperidine, piperazine, pyrrolidine, and indoline.

[0073] Carboxy group, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester As used herein, the term "carboxyl group" refers to the functional group -COOH. Organic compounds having one or more carboxyl groups (-COOH) are called "carboxylic acids." Carboxylic acids have the general formula R α -COOH el, here the residue R α'' may represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue. A carboxylic acid having only one carboxyl group is referred to herein as a "monocarboxylic acid," and a carboxylic acid having two carboxyl groups is referred to herein as a "dicarboxylic acid." Examples of carboxylic acids having one or more carboxyl groups include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, citric acid, acrylic acid, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, oleic acid, and salicylic acid. "Carboxylic acid ester" refers to a functional group -COOR β It is an ester of a carboxylic acid having R, where R β R represents an organic residue derived from an alcohol or phenol. Therefore, carboxylic acid esters have the general formula R α -COO-R β It has. Examples of carboxylic acid esters include, but are not limited to, alkyl acetates such as ethyl ethanolate (ethyl acetate), triglycerides, lactones such as γ-butyrolactone, and polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The formula (-COO-) used herein is used to represent a carboxyl group, and the carboxyl group may be a carboxyl group (-COOH) or an ester group (-COOR). β ) may be either of the following, where R β represents an organic residue. Therefore, the formula (-COO-) may be used herein when the carboxyl group can be optionally functionalized.

[0074] As used herein, -OCO- means

[0075] [ka] This represents, and -COO- is,

[0076] [ka] As used herein, dashed lines indicate a connection, and solid lines indicate a connection.

[0077] Carbamoyl group, carboxylic acid amide As used herein, the term "carbamoyl group" refers to the functional group -CONH2. Organic compounds having one or more carbamoyl groups (-CONH2) are called "carboxylic acid amides" in organic chemistry. Therefore, carboxylic acid amides are derived from carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acid amides generally have the general formula R α -CONH2 contains residue R α R may represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue. Carboxylic acid amides having the functional group -CONH2 are also called "primary carboxylic acid amides". When one or both hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen are substituted by an organic residue, the general formula R α -CON editing β A secondary carboxylic acid amide or general formula R α -CONR β R β’ A tertiary carboxylic acid amide is obtained, where the residue R β and R β’ represents an organic residue. Carboxylic acid amides can be prepared, for example, by reacting a reactive carboxylic acid derivative, such as a carboxylic acid chloride or carboxylic acid anhydride, with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. In this context, carboxylic acid amides having only one carbamoyl group are called "monocarboxylic acid amides," and carboxylic acid amides having two carbamoyl groups are called "dicarboxylic acid amides." Examples of carboxylic acid amides having one or more carbamoyl groups include, but are not limited to, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetamide, ε-caprolactam, N-vinylpyrrolidone, urea, polyamides such as peptides and proteins, or synthetic polyamides such as polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon). As used herein, the formula (-CONH-) is used to represent a carbamoyl group, and the carbamoyl group can be a primary carbamoyl group (-CONH2) or a secondary carbamoyl group (-CONH2). β ) may be any of the following, where R β represents an organic residue. Therefore, the formula (-CONH-) is also used herein when the carbamoyl group may be functionalized with an organic residue.

[0078] In this specification, the functional group -NHCO- is defined as

[0079] [ka] Represents, and -CONH- is,

[0080] [ka] As used herein, dashed lines indicate a connection, and solid lines indicate a connection.

[0081] Carboxylic acid derivatives As used herein, the term "carboxylic acid derivative" refers to an organic compound having one or more functional groups formally derived from a carboxyl group -COOH. In particular, as used herein, the term "carboxylic acid derivative" refers to a compound of the general formula R α -COO-R β Carboxylic acid esters, general formula R α -CONH2 primary carboxylic acid amides, and the general formula R α -CONH-R β This refers to a secondary carboxylic acid amide, where the residue R α and R β represents an organic residue. Particularly preferably, the term "carboxylic acid derivative" as used herein refers to a derivative of the general formula R α -COO-R β Carboxylic acid esters and general formula R α -CONH-R β This refers to a secondary carboxylic acid amide, where the residue R α and R β represents an organic residue. In organic compounds having multiple carboxyl groups, one or more of these carboxyl groups may exist as esters or amides. If a dicarboxylic acid is present, one or both carboxyl groups may be functionalized with organic residues, or one or two carbamoyl groups may be present instead of carboxyl groups.

[0082] carbamate group As used herein, the term "carbamate group" refers to the functional group -NHCOO- or -OCONH-. Carbamate is formally derived from carbamic acid (NH₂COOH), and generally has the general formula R β R β’ NCOOR α , where the residues R α , R β and R β’ each represent an organic residue.

[0083] As used herein, the functional group -NHCOO- represents

[0084] [Chemical Formula] , and -OCONH- represents

[0085] [Chemical Formula] . As used herein, a dashed line indicates a bonding relationship, and a solid line represents a bond.

[0086] urea group As used herein, the term "urea group" refers to the functional group -NHCONH-, and urea is an organic compound having the chemical formula CO(NH₂)₂. This amide has two amino groups (-NH₂) linked by a carbonyl functional group (-C(=O)-). Ureas refer to a group of chemical compounds that share the same functional group, namely a carbonyl group to which two organic amine residues are bonded: R α R α’ N-C(=O)-NR β R β’ , where the organic residues R α , R α’ , R β and R β’ are each hydrogen or represent an organic residue.

[0087] As used herein, the functional group -NHCONH- represents

[0088] [ka] As used herein, dashed lines indicate a connection, and solid lines indicate a connection.

[0089] Carbonate ester group As used herein, the term "carbonate ester group" refers to the functional group -OCOO-. Carbonate esters are esters of carbonic acid. This functional group consists of a carbonyl group sandwiched between two alkoxy groups. The general structure of these carbonates is R α -OC(=O)-OR β And here residue R α and R β represents an organic residue.

[0090] In this specification, the functional group -OCOO- is defined as

[0091] [ka] As used herein, dashed lines indicate a connection, and solid lines indicate a connection.

[0092] organometallic group As used herein, the term “organometallic group” refers to a chemical group comprising at least one carbon atom and at least one metal or positive element atom, which are bonded together by a covalent bond having some degree of polarity. In this context, the organic group may be bonded to the metal or element via single, double, or even triple bonds, or it may be bonded to the metal or element atom at multiple locations.

[0093] silyl group As used herein, the term "silyl group" refers to a chemical group comprising at least one carbon atom and at least one silicon atom, which are linked by a covalent bond having some degree of polarity. In this context, the silicon atom may be bonded to an oxygen atom. The term "silyl group" refers to the chemical group -SiR3, where R represents a hydrogen atom or an organic residue (e.g., -CH3). For example, silyl ethers are a group of compounds containing a silicon atom covalently bonded to an alkoxy group. The general structure is R1R2R3Si-O-R4, where R4 is an alkyl or aryl group.

[0094] "Arbitrarily replaced" As used herein, the term "optionally substituted" means that, with respect to the aforementioned chemical groups, the position in which hydrogen is bonded to the chemical group is replaced by another atom, such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, or by a chemical group such as hydroxy, oxo, nitro, methoxy, ethoxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, trifluoromethoxy, haloalkoxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, halogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, trifluoromethyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, thio, alkylthio, acyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamide, substituted carboxamide, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonylamino, sulfonamide, substituted sulfonamide, cyano, amino, substituted amino It means that the group may be substituted with no, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, acylamino, amidino, amidoxymo, hydroxamoyl, phenyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholino, heterocyclic, (heterocyclic)oxy, (heterocyclic)alkyl, etc.; where preferred heteroatoms are oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. However, to those skilled in the art, the term “may be substituted” is obvious; it means that the hydrogen atom is substituted with any of the above chemical groups. Those skilled in the art will understand that the term “optionally substituted” refers only to chemical groups that are sterically useful and / or synthetically feasible.

[0095] Benzophenone As used herein, the term "benzophenone" refers to an organic compound having the following structural formula:

[0096]

change

[0097] Benzophenone is widely used as a photoinitiator for UV curing. Crosslinked polymer coatings or crosslinked materials can be prepared by adding benzophenone to a polymer composition and then irradiating the coating or material with UV light to induce crosslinking.Examples of benzophenones known in the prior art include benzophenone, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-methoxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dimethylbenzophenone, 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone, 4,4'-bis(di-methylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis-(-methyl-ethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(p-isopropylphenoxy)benzophenone, 4-methyl-benzophenone, 2,4, 6-Trimethylbenzophenone, 4-(4-methylthiophenyl)benzophenone, 3,3'-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone, methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate, 4-(2-hydroxyethylthio)benzophenone, 4-(4-tolylthio)benzophenone, 1-[4-(4-benzoylphenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-2-methyl-2-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-propan-1-one, 4-benzoyl-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenemethanaminonium chloride, 2-hydroxy-3-(4-benzo Ilphenoxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminonium chloride monohydrate, 4-(13-acryloyl 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecyl)-benzophenone, 4-benzoyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-[2-(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethylbenzenemethanaminonium chloride, benzophenone-3,3'-4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4-benzoyl biphenyl, 4,4'-bis(diethyl-amino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis[2-(1-propenyl)phenoxy] This includes, but is not limited to, benzophenone, 4-(diethyl-amino)benzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-(dimethylamino)-benzophenone, 3,4-dimethylbenzophenone, 4-aminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 3-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 3,4-diaminobenzophenone, 2-methylbenzophenone, 3-methylbenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone, and Michler ketones.

[0098] Alkyl linker As used herein, the term "alkyl linker" refers to an alkylene capable of covalently bonding two or more organic compounds. "Alkyl linker" also refers to a bifunctional chemical substance that links a first compound to a second compound.

[0099] C1-C5 alkyl linkers As used herein, the term "C1-C5 alkyl linker" preferably refers to a linear alkyl linker having one to five carbon atoms, i.e., "C1-C5 alkylene". Particularly preferred C1-C5 alkyl linkers as used herein include, but are not limited to, methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2CH2-), propylene (-CH2CH2CH2-), butylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-), and pentylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-).

[0100] Aromatic linker As used herein, the term "aromatic linker" refers to an aryl, diaryl, or heteroaryl compound capable of covalently linking two or more organic compounds. "Aromatic linker" refers to a bifunctional chemical substance that links a first compound, in this specification, with a first benzophenone substituent, and a second compound, in this specification, with a second benzophenone substituent.

[0101] Aromatic linkers include -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3 )2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, and -SOCH3, and may have one or more substituents.

[0102] Preferably, the aromatic linker may have one or more substituents, including but not limited to -OH, -NO2, -COCH3, -COOH, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OCF3, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, and -SOCH3.

[0103] Benzophenone substituent As used herein, the term "benzophenone substituent" refers to a substituent located in a position where it replaces a hydrogen atom in a chemical group. An example of a benzophenone substituent is benzoylphenyl.

[0104] [ka] and benzoylbenzyl

[0105] [ka] Benzophenone substituents include, but are not limited to, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(C The benzophenone substituent may have one or more substituents, including but not limited to H3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3. Preferably, the benzophenone substituent may have one or more substituents, including but not limited to -OH, -NO2, -COCH3, -COOH, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OCF3, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, and -SOCH3.

[0106] Benzophenone linker As used herein, the term "benzophenone linker" refers to a benzophenone molecule capable of covalently linking two or more organic compounds. A "benzophenone linker" represents a bifunctional chemical substance that links a first compound, in this specification a first benzophenone substituent, to a second compound, in this specification a second benzophenone substituent. Examples of benzophenone linkers include -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH The benzophenone linker may have one or more substituents, including but not limited to (CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, and -SOCH3. Preferably, the benzophenone linker may have one or more substituents, including but not limited to -OH, -NO2, -COCH3, -COOH, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OCF3, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, and -SOCH3.

[0107] According to the present invention, benzophenone substituents, such as linkers like aromatic linkers or aryl linkers, alkyl linkers, and especially benzophenone linkers, are -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3 It may have one or more substituents selected from the group including or consisting of -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, and -SOCH3. Preferably, the benzophenone substituent and the benzophenone linker may have one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of -OH, -NO2, -COCH3, -COOH, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OCF3, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, and -SOCH3. However, the benzophenone substituent or benzophenone linker may have substituents other than those listed above. Those skilled in the art can select even more appropriate substituents for the benzophenone substituent or benzophenone linker. Examples of substituents for benzophenone substituents or benzophenone linkers include -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -COOH, -COCN, -OH, -CHO, -NO2, -NH2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2-CH3, alkyl substituents, e.g., -CH3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -CH(CH3)2, -cyclo-C3H5, -C4H9, -CH2CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)C2H5, -C(CH3)3, -cyclo-C4H7, -CH2-cyclo-C3H5, -C5H 11-CH(CH3)C3H7, -CH2CH(CH3)C2H5, -CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2, -C(CH3)2-C2H5, -CH2C(CH3)3, -CH(C2H5)2, -C2H4CH(CH3)2, -cyclo-C5H9, -CH2-cyclo-C4H7, -C6H 13 , -C3H6CH(CH3)2, -C2H4CH(CH3)-C2H5, -CH(CH3)C4H9, -CH2CH(CH3)-C3H7, -CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)CH(CH3)C2H5, -CH2CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2, -CH2C(CH3)2C2H5, -C(CH3)2C3H7, -C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2, -C2H4C(CH3)3, -CH(CH3)C(CH3)3, -cyclo-C6H 11 -CH2-cyclo-C5H9, -C7H 15 , -Cyclo-C7H 13 -CH2-Cyclo-C6H 11 -C8H 17 , -Cyclo-C8H 15 Examples of substituents include haloalkyl substituents such as -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2Cl, -CH2CH2F, -CH2CHF2, -CH2CF3, -CH2Br, -CH2CH2Cl, -CH2CH2Br, etc., arylalkyl substituents such as -CH2Ph, -Ph, -C2H4Ph, -PhPh, etc., and alkoxy substituents such as -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC4H9, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)C2H5, -OC(CH3)3, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC5H 11 , -OCH(CH3)-C3H7, -OCH2CH(CH3)-C2H5, -OCH(CH3)CH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)2-C2H5, -OCH2-C(CH3)3, -OCH(C2H5)2, -OC2H4CH(CH3)2, -OCH2-cyclo-C4H7, -OC6H 13,-OC3H6CH(CH3)2,-OC2H4CH(CH3)C2H5,-OCH(CH3)C4H9,-OCH2CH(CH3)C3H7,-OCH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2,-OCH(CH3)CH(CH3)C2H5,-OCH2CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2,-OCH2C(CH3)2C2H5,-OC(CH3)2C3H7,-OC(CH3)2CH(CH3)2,-OC2H4C(CH3)3,-OCH(CH3)C(CH3)3,-OCH2-cyclo-C5H9,-OC7H 15 、-OCH2-シクロ-C6H 11 、-OC8H 17 、-OCF3、-OC2F5、-OCH2Ph、-OPh;-OC2H4Ph、-OC2H5OH、-OC3H7OH、-OC4H9OH、-OC5H 11 OH、-OC6H 13 OH、-OC2H5COOH、-OC3H7COOH、-OC4H9COOH、-OC5H 11 COOH、-OC6H 13 COOH、-OC2H5NH2、-OC3H7NH2、-OC4H9NH2、-OC5H 11 NH2、-OC6H 13NH2, -OC2H5OC2H5OH, -OC2H5OC2H5OC2H5OH, -OC2H5OC2H5OC2H5OC2H5OH, etc., alkylamine substituents, for example, -NHCH3, -NHC2H5, -NHC3H7, -NHC4H9, -NH-cyclo-C3H5, -NH[CH(CH3)2], -NH[C(CH3)3], -N(CH3)2, -N(C2H5)2, -N(C3H7)2, -N(C4H9)2, -N(cyclo-C3H5)2, -N[CH(CH3)2]2, -N[C(CH3)3]2, etc. Ester substituents, e.g., -COOC(CH3)3, -COOCH3, -COOCH2CH3, -COOCH2CH2CH3, -COOCH(CH3)2, -COOCH2Ph, -OCOCH3, -OCOC2H5, -OCOC3H7, -OCO-cyclo-C3H5, -OCOC4H9, -OCOCH(CH3)2, -OCOCH2Ph, -OCOC(CH3)3, etc., and amide substituents, e.g., -NHCOCH3, -NHCOC2H5, -NHCOC3H7, -NHCOCH3, -NHCOC2H5, -NHCOC Sulfone substituents such as 3H7, -NHCOC4H9, -NHCO-cyclo-C3H5, -NHCO[CH(CH3)2], -NHCO[C(CH3)3], etc., and sulfonamide substituents such as -SO2CH3, -SO2C2H5, -SO2C3H7, -SO2Ph, -SO2-cyclo-C3H5, -SO2CH(CH3)2, -SO2C4H9, -SO2C(CH3)3, etc., and sulfonamide substituents such as -NHSO2CH3, -NHSO2C2H5, -NHSO2C3H7, -CH2SO2NH2, -C2H4SO2NH2, -C3H6SO2NH2, etc., and sulfonoxide substituents. Substituents such as -SOCH3, -SOC2H5, -SOC3H7, -SO-cyclo-C3H5, -SOCH(CH3)2, -SOC(CH3)3, etc.; ester substituents such as -OCOOCH3, -OCOOC2H5, -OCOOC3H7, -OCOO-cyclo-C3H5, -OCOOC4H9, -OCOOCH(CH3)2, -OCOOCH2Ph, -OCOOC(CH3)3, etc.; alkylurea substituents such as -NHCONHCH3, -NHCONHC2H5, -NHCONHC3H7, -NHCONHC4H9, -NHCONH- Alkylguanidine substituents such as -NHC(=NH)NHCH3, -NHC(=NH)NHC2H5, -NHCONH[CH(CH3)2], -NHCONH[C(CH3)3], -NHCON(CH3)2, -NHCON(C2H5)2, -NHCON(C3H7)2, -NHCON(C4H9)2, -NHCON(cyclo-C3H5)2, -NHCON[CH(CH3)2]2, -NHCON[C(CH3)3]2, etc., for example, -NHC(=NH)NHCH3, -NHC(=NH)NHC2H5, -NHC(=NH)NHC3H7, -NHC(=NH)NHC4H9, -NHC(=NH)NH-cyclo -C3H5, -NHC(=NH)NH[CH(CH3)2], -NHC(=NH)NH[C(CH3)3], -NHC(=NH)N(CH3)2, -NHC(=NH)N(C2H5)2, -NHC(=NH)N(C3H7)2, -NHC(=NH)-N(cyclo-C3H5)2, -NHC(=NH)N(C4H9)2, -NHC(=NH)N[CH(CH3)2]2, -NHC(=NH)N[C(CH3)3]2, etc., alkylcarbamate substituents, for example, -OCONHCH3, -OCONHC2H5, -OCONHC3H7, -OCONHC4H9,-OCONH-cyclo-C3H5, -OCONH[CH(CH3)2], -OCONH[C(CH3)3], -OCON(CH3)2, -OCON(C2H5)2, -OCON(C3H7)2, -OCON(C4H9)2, -OCON(cyclo-C3H5)2, -OCON[CH(CH3)2]2, -OCON[C(CH3)3]2, etc., unsaturated alkoxy substituents, for example, -OC2H4CH=CH2, -OCH2-CH=CHCH3, -OC2H4C≡CH, -OCH2C≡CH, -OCH2C≡CCH3, -OC3H6CH=CH2, -OC2H 4CH=CH-CH3, -OCH2CH=CHC2H5, -OCH2CH=CHCH=CH2, -OC(CH3)=CH-CH=CH2, -OCH2CH=C(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)=C(CH3)2, -OC3H6C≡CH, -OC2H4C≡CCH3, -OCH2 C≡CC2H5, -OCH2C≡CCH=CH2, -OCH2CH=CHC≡CH, -OCH2C≡CC≡CH, -OC4H8CH=CH2, -CH=CHC4H9, -OC3H6CH=CHCH3, -OCH2CH=CHC3H7, -OC2H4-CH=CHC2H5, -O Alkenyl substituents and alkynyl substituents such as CH2C(CH3)=C(CH3)2, -OC2H4CH=C(CH3)2, -OC4H8C≡CH, -OC≡CC4H9, -OC3H6C≡CCH3, -OCH2C≡CC3H7, -OC2H4C≡CC2H5, etc., for example, -C2H4CH=CH2, -CH=CHC2H5, -CH=C(CH3)2, -CH2CH=CHCH3, -CH=CHCH=CH2, -C2H4C≡CH, -C≡CC2H5, -CH2C≡CCH3, -C≡CCH=CH2, -CH=CHC≡CH, -C≡CC≡CH, -C3H 6CH=CH2, -CH=CHC3H7, -C2H4CH=CHCH3, -CH2CH=CHC2H5, -CH2CH=CHCH=CH2, -CH=CHCH=CHCH3, -CH=CHCH2CH=CH2, -C(CH3)=CHCH=CH2, -CH=C(CH3)-CH =CH2, -CH=CHC(CH3)=CH2, -CH2CH=C(CH3)2, -C(CH3)=C(CH3)2, -C3H6C≡CH, -C≡CC3H7, -C2H4C≡CCH3, -CH2C≡CC2H5, -CH2C≡CCH=CH2, -CH2CH=CHC≡CH,-CH2C≡CC≡CH, -C≡CCH=CHCH3, -CH=CHC≡CCH3, -C≡CC≡CCH3, -C≡CCH2CH=CH2, -CH=CHCH2C≡CH, -C≡CCH2C≡CH, -C(CH 3)=CHCH=CH2, -CH=C(CH3)CH=CH2, -CH=CHC(CH3)=CH2, -C(CH3)=CHC≡CH, -CH=C(CH3)C≡CH, -C≡CC(CH3)=CH2, -C4 This includes, but is not limited to, H8CH=CH2, -CH=CHC4H9, -C3H6CH=CH-CH3, -CH2CH=CH-C3H7, -C2H4CH=CH-C2H5, -CH2C(CH3)=C(CH3)2, -C2H4CH=C(CH3)2, -C4H8C≡CH, -C≡CC4H9, -C3H6C≡CCH3, -CH2C≡CC3H7, -C2H4C≡CC2H5, -CH=CHPh, and -C≡CPh. In this specification, any optionally substituted benzophenone substituent or optionally substituted linker, in particular an optionally substituted benzophenone linker, means a benzophenone substituent or a benzophenone linker, respectively, and a benzophenone substituent or benzophenone linker may optionally have any of the above substituents. With regard to further use, those skilled in the art will understand that they should consider organic compounds having one or more benzophenone substituents that do not undergo side reactions in further use.

[0108] Lactam, N-vinyl lactam As used herein, the term "lactam" refers to a cyclic organic compound having an amide bond in the ring. Examples of compounds include 2-pyrrolidone, also known as γ-butyrolactam, β-lactam, δ-lactam, or ε-caprolactam. As used herein, the term "N-vinyllactam," also referred to as "vinyllactam," refers to the above-mentioned lactams, but having a vinyl group on the nitrogen atom. Examples of N-vinyllactams include, but are not limited to, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) or N-vinylcaprolactam.

[0109] Vinyl group, vinyl compound As used herein, the term "vinyl group" refers to the functional group -CH=CH2. As used herein, the term "vinyl compound" refers to an organic compound having at least one vinyl group as a functional group. In the prior art, vinyl compounds are generally used as monomers in polymerization reactions.

[0110] N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) As used herein, the term "N-vinylpyrrolidone" is also referred to as N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone or NVP, and has the following structural formula:

[0111] [ka] This refers to heterocyclic organic compounds that have [a specific characteristic].

[0112] N-vinylpyrrolidone is widely used in the production of polymers in the prior art. N-vinylpyrrolidone is highly reactive and can polymerize spontaneously. Polymerization can also be initiated by UV irradiation. Due to its UV sensitivity, N-vinylpyrrolidone is used for the production of UV-curable inks, paints, and coatings, as well as as a photoinitiator in other polymers. Various polymers can be prepared from N-vinylpyrrolidone, such as linear polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), cross-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), and numerous copolymers.

[0113] N-vinylpyrrolidone portion As used herein, the term "N-vinylpyrrolidone moiety" refers to a covalently bonded N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer incorporated into a polymer chain. In the case of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the monomer is N-vinylpyrrolidone, and the monomer moiety has the following structural formula:

[0114] [ka] This is an N-vinylpyrrolidone moiety that has [a specific characteristic].

[0115] Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) As used herein, the term "polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)" refers to a linear polymer that can be prepared by polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). Thus, the polymer chain consists of numerous N-vinylpyrrolidone moieties covalently linked together. Each N-vinylpyrrolidone moiety has the molecular formula C6H9NO, and therefore, polyvinylpyrrolidone has the following general structural formula:

[0116] [ka] It holds.

[0117] Other names for polyvinylpyrrolidone include, but are not limited to, 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidone homopolymer, poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene], povidone, polyvidone, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer, and additive E1201. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a hygroscopic, amorphous powder, white to pale yellow in color, and readily soluble in water. Its trade names are mainly povidone, PVP, or periston. In this specification, for example, distinctions are made between povidone K-30 and povidone K-90. Povidone is also available under the trademark name Kollidon®. The K value is a classification commonly used in the plastics industry and is directly related to the average molecular weight of the polymer. As a result, the K value can be used to indirectly estimate the degree of polymerization, and therefore the chain length. Preferred povidones in this specification are povidone 90 and povidone 130. Furthermore, the biodegradable polymers included herein are commercially available Kollidon® 90F, which has a molecular weight of 1000 kDa to 1500 kDa, and Kollidon® 30, which has a molecular weight of 44 kDa to 54 kDa.

[0118] Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is hydrophilic, biocompatible, and non-toxic, soluble in solvents of different polarities, exhibits excellent binding properties, and provides stabilizing effects in suspensions and emulsions. In conventional technology, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been used in a variety of industrial applications, such as in personal care products or cosmetics, for example as a thickener in shampoos and toothpastes; in pharmaceuticals, as an excipient, binder, or to increase viscosity, for example in eye drops; as a coating component for medical products; in the food industry as a binder and thickener, stabilizer, and coating agent; further, as an additive in adhesives, for example; in the manufacture of batteries, ceramics, glass fibers, and inks, for the manufacture of films, for example, as filters for dialysis or water treatment; in agriculture as a binder and complexing agent; and further, in contact lenses and in contact lens solutions as a lubricant or wetting agent to reduce friction.

[0119] Polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymers are linear polymers that can be prepared by homopolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). The physical properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymers can be altered by the selective incorporation of one or more comonomers. Comonomers known from the prior art include, but are not limited to, N-vinylimidazole, vinyl acetate, and vinylcaprolactam. For specific applications, such as reducing hydrophilicity, hydrophobic comonomers such as styrene may be used to provide a PVP copolymer that is more hydrophobic and therefore less water-soluble.

[0120] vinylpyrrolidone copolymer As used herein, the term "vinylpyrrolidone copolymer" refers to a copolymer using N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as the main monomer. The properties of vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers (PVPs) can be selectively altered by incorporating comonomers into the polymer chain. Examples of comonomers in the prior art include N-vinylimidazole, vinyl acetate, and vinylcaprolactam. Vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers can be used, for example, as thickeners and hydrophilic hot-melt adhesives.

[0121] Block of the N-vinylpyrrolidone site The term "N-vinylpyrrolidone moiety block" refers to a segment in the polymer chain of a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer that consists solely of N-vinylpyrrolidone moieties and therefore locally exhibits the physical and mechanical properties of the polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymer. In this specification, an N-vinylpyrrolidone moiety block preferably contains at least two, more preferably at least three, even more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, even more preferably at least six, even more preferably at least seven, and even more preferably at least eight identical monomer moieties. A copolymer in which the N-vinylpyrrolidone moiety block is divided by maleic acid moieties is characterized in that the polymer chain contains only the N-vinylpyrrolidone moiety block and no maleic acid moiety block is present. Therefore, in a copolymer in which the N-vinylpyrrolidone moiety block is divided by maleic acid moieties, the maleic acid moieties are covalently linked only to the N-vinylpyrrolidone moieties, and there are no maleic acid moieties covalently linked to each other in the polymer chain of the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer. Preferably, the N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer is the main monomer, and the maleic acid monomer is the comonomer.

[0122] α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers As used herein, the term “α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer” generally refers to α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid amides, α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid esters, α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid amides, α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid esters, and α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, as well as derivatives of these compounds. Examples of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, cis / trans-glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, fumaric acid, and mixtures thereof. These monomers also include salts of the above acids, particularly sodium salts, potassium salts, ammonium salts, and salts with amines. These monomers can be used on their own or in mixtures of each other.

[0123] α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomers have the general formula:

[0124] [ka] It has,

[0125] In the formula, X is -O-, -NH-, or -N-. Suitable α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated monocarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid, and / or crotonic acid. In some embodiments, the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is preferably selected from α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids selected from the group consisting of or including acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, and their derivatives. Particularly preferred is selection from the group consisting of or including acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and their derivatives.

[0126] Suitable α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid amides include, but are not limited to, methylacrylamide, methylmethacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, N-methylolmethacrylamide, N-butoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-isobutoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, tetrahydrofurfuryl-2-acrylamide, tetrahydrofurfuryl-2-methacrylamide, and their derivatives.

[0127] Suitable α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid esters include monomers containing alkoxy groups, such as 3-methoxybutyl methacrylate, 3-methoxybutyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl-2-acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl-2-methacrylate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl ethacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and Isopropyl acrylate, ethyl ethyl acrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-heptyl methacrylate, n-heptyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl acrylate, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, n-nonyl methacrylate, n-nonyl acrylate, n-decyl methacrylate, n-decyl acrylate, n-undecyl acrylate, n-undecyl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, tridecyl acrylate, myristyl methacrylate, myristyl acrylate, pentadecyl methacrylate, pentadecyl acrylate, palmityl methacrylate, palmityl acrylate, heptadecyl acrylate, heptadecyl methacrylate, nonadecyl methacrylate, nonadecyl acrylate, a This includes, but is not limited to, araquinyl acrylate, araquinyl methacrylate, behenyl methacrylate, behenyl acrylate, lignocerenyl methacrylate, lignocerenyl acrylate, cerotinyl acrylate, cerotinyl methacrylate, merisinyl (meth)acrylate, palmitreynyl methacrylate, palmitreynyl acrylate, oleyl methacrylate, oleyl acrylate, linolyl acrylate, linolyl methacrylate, linolenyl methacrylate, linolenyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and lauryl acrylate.

[0128] Suitable α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated secondary monocarboxylic acid amides and α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated tertiary monocarboxylic acid amides include N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N,N-dimethyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethylacrylate, N,N-diethylamino-ethyl-acrylamide, N,N-diethylamino-ethyl-methacrylamide, N,N-diisopropyl-acrylamide, N,N-diisopropyl-methacrylamide, N,N-dibutylacrylate, N,N-dibutyl-acrylamide, N,N-dibutyl N-Tert-butyl methacrylamide, N,N-dibutyl methacrylate, diacetone acrylamide, N-tert-butyl methacrylamide, N-tert-butyl acrylamide, diacetone methacrylamide, N-(1-methylundecyl)methacrylamide, N-(1-methylundecyl)-acrylamide, N-isobornyl acrylamide, N-isobornyl methacrylamide, N-benzyl acrylamide, N-adamantyl methacrylamide, acrylamidoacetic acid, N-adamantyl acrylamide, N-benzyl methacrylamide Acrylamide, N-4-methylphenylacrylamide, methylmethacrylamide, methylacrylamide, acrylamide acetate, N-diphenylmethylacrylamide, phthalimidemethylmethacrylamide, phthalimidemethylacrylamide, acrylamide hydroxyacetic acid, methacrylamide hydroxyacetic acid, methacrylamide acetate, methacrylamide acetate, methylmethacrylamide acetate, 2-methacrylamide-2-methylbutyrate, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl This includes, but is not limited to, butyric acid, N-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxy)ethylacrylamide, N-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxy)ethylmethacrylamide, N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)methacrylamide, N-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-acrylamide, N-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-methacrylamide, dialkylmethacrylamide, dialkylacrylamide, p-hydroxyacrylanilide, and p-hydroxymethacrylanilide.

[0129] Other suitable α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomers include 2-hydroxy-3-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)]-propyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)]-propyl acrylate, 2-methoxy-3-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)]-propyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2-methoxy-3-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)]-propyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-[N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkyl]-propyl methacrylate, furfuryl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-[N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkyl]propyl acrylate, methacrylate, and 2-hydroxy-3-[N-hydroxyethyl-N-methyl This includes, but is not limited to, ]-propyl methacrylate, furfuryl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-[N-hydroxyethyl-N-methyl]propyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-[N-ethyl-N-methyl]-propyl methacrylate, 3-cyclohexylpropyl-1-acrylate, 3-cyclohexylpropyl-1-methacrylate, 4-tert-butyl-cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2-N-morpholinoethyl acrylate, 2-N-morpholinoethyl methacrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, 2-N-morpholino-N-hexyl(meth)acrylate, N-cyclohexyl methacrylate, N-cyclohexyl acrylate, N-isobornyl acrylate, and N-isobornyl methacrylate.

[0130] Other suitable α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid derivatives include butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, behenyl acrylate, mericyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxypropyl acrylate. Roxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol Recall diacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropanedipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, benzoin acrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, glycerylpropoxy triacrylate, 1,3-propylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, diethylene Teylene glycol acrylate, butyl methacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate,Melicyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, behenyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, propylene glycol dimethacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol dimethacrylate, benzoin methacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol methacrylate, methyl ethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane dipentaerythritol pentamethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, glyceryl propoxy tri(meth)acrylate, 1,3-propylene glycol dimethacrylate Dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A-dimethacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol diacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate Diamine diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, alkoxylated cyclohexanedimethanol diacrylate, alkoxylated cyclohexanedimethanol dimethacrylate, alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate, alkoxylated hexanediol dimethacrylate, alkoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, alkoxylated neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, cyclohexanedimethanol diacrylate,Cyclohexanedimethanol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol dimethacrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylol Lupropane trimethacrylate, propoxylated glyceryl triacrylate, propoxylated glyceryl trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate trimeth Acrylate, caprolactone acrylate, caprolactone methacrylate, caprolactam acrylamide, caprolactam methacrylamide, valerolactone acrylate, valerolactone methacrylate, valerolactam acrylamide, valerolactam methacrylamide, butyrolactone acrylate, butyrolactone methacrylate, butyrolactam acrylamide, butyrolactam methacrylamide, propiolactone acrylate, propiolactone methacrylate, propiolactam acrylamide, propio-lactam acrylamide,Propio-lactam methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate, alkoxylated lauryl acrylate, alkoxylated lauryl methacrylate, alkoxylated phenol acrylate, alkoxylated phenol methacrylate, alkoxylated tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, alkoxylated tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl meth Acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropaneformal acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropaneformal methacrylate, dicyclopentadienyl acrylate, dicyclopentadienyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate, diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, ethoxylated hydroxyethyl acrylate, ethoxylated hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxylated nonylphenol acrylate, ethoxylated nonylphenol methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, isoyl acrylate, isoocyl acrylate acrylate), isoocyl methacrylate, metal acrylate, metal methacrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate, octyldecyl acrylate, octyldecyl methacrylate, polypropylene glycol acrylate, polypropylene glycol methacrylate, propoxylated allyl acrylate, propoxylated allyl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, triethylene glycol ethyl ether acrylate, triethylene glycol ethyl ether methacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol diacrylate,1,12-Dodecanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-Butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-Butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-Butanediol diacrylate, 1,4-Butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6-Hexanediol dimethacrylate, Alkoxylated cyclohexanedimethanol diacrylate, Alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate, Alkoxylated hexanediol dimethacrylate, Alkoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, Alkoxylated neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, Cyclohexanedimethanol diacrylate, Cyclohexanedimethanol dimethacrylate, Diethylene glycol diacrylate, Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, Dipropylene glycol diacrylate, Ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, Ethylene glycol diacrylate, Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, Neopentyl glycol diacrylate, Neopen Polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol dimethacrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, propoxylated glyceryl triacrylate, propoxylated glyceryl trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate,It includes tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate, tris(2-hydroxy-ethyl) isocyanurate trimethacrylate, di-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, , not limited to.

[0131] Examples of polymerizable monofunctional photosensitive and / or thermally sensitive α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers that can also be used as photoinitiators include acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MA), methacrylates, and acrylamides, such as 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate (HEMA), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), diisobutylacrylamide (DBA), aminopropyl methacrylamide (APMA), N,N-diisobutylacrylamide (DBA), 9-anthracenylmethyl methacrylate, N-[3-methacrylamide)-propyl]-2-(carboxymethyl)hexadecanamide, and N-[3-methacrylamide)-propyl]-3-carboxyheptadecanamide. Other examples of polymerizable monofunctional photosensitive and / or thermally sensitive α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers that can also be used as photoinitiators include, but are not limited to, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (PPA), toxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TTA), N,N'-diethyl-1,3-propylenebisacrylamide (EPA), and 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-[2-(2-methylacryl-oiloxy)-ethoxycarbonylamino]-hexyl-carbamoyl-oxy-ethyl dimethacrylate (UDMA).

[0132] α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomers have the general formula:

[0133] [ka] Having

[0134] In the formula, X α and X β These independently represent -O-, -NH-, or -N-. Examples of α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomers include, but are not limited to, maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, and / or fumaric acid. The monomers also include salts of the above acids, particularly sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts, as well as salts with amines. These monomers can be used on their own or in mixtures of each other.

[0135] Preferred α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated dicarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, and / or fumaric acid. Particularly preferred in this specification are maleic acid and derivatives of maleic acid. The α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is preferably selected from α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or derivatives of α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and is preferably selected from maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, and / or fumaric acid and / or derivatives thereof.

[0136] Examples of α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated dicarboxylic acid esters include n-butyl maleate monoester, fumarate monoethyl ester, maleate monomethyl ester, maleate monoethyl ester, maleate monopropyl ester, maleate monobutyl ester, maleate monobenzyl ester, maleate mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, maleate monohydroxyethyl ester, maleate monohydroxypropyl ester, fumarate monomethyl ester, fumarate monoethyl ester, fumarate monopropyl ester, and fumarate monobutyl Fumarate monobenzyl ester, fumarate mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, fumarate monohydroxyethyl ester, fumarate monohydroxypropyl, dimethyl maleate, maleate diethyl ester, maleate dipropyl ester, maleate dibutyl ester, maleate monobenzyl ester, maleate di(2-ethylhexyl) ester, maleate dihydroxyethyl ester, maleate dihydroxypropyl, fumarate monoethyl ester, fumarate dipropyl ester, fumarate Monobutyl malate, dibenzyl fumarate, di(2-ethylhexyl) fumarate, dihydroxyethyl fumarate, monohydroxypropyl fumarate, monomethyl itaconate, monoethyl itaconate, monopropyl itaconate, monobutyl itaconate, monobenzyl itaconate, mono(2-ethylhexyl) itaconate, monohydroxyethyl itaconate, monohydroxypropyl itaconate, dimethyl itaconate, diethyl itaconate Dipropyl itaconate, dibutyl itaconate, dibenzyl itaconate, di(2-ethylhexyl) itaconate, dihydroxyethyl itaconate, dihydroxypropyl itaconate, monomethyl citraconate, monoethyl citraconate, monopropyl citraconate, monobutyl citraconate, monobenzyl citraconate, mono(2-ethylhexyl) citraconate, monohydroxyethyl citraconate, monohydroxypropyl citraconate,Dimethyl citraconate, diethyl citraconate, dipropyl citraconate, dibutyl citraconate, dibenzyl citraconate, di(2-ethylhexyl) citraconate, dihydroxyethyl citraconate, dihydroxypropyl citraconate, monomethyl mesaconate, monoethyl mesaconate, monopropyl mesaconate, monobutyl mesaconate, monobenzyl mesaconate, mono(2-ethylhexyl) mesaconate, mo Nohydroxyethyl ester, monohydroxypropyl mesaconate, dimethyl mesaconate, diethyl mesaconate, dipropyl citraconate, dibutyl mesaconate, dibenzyl mesaconate, di(2-ethylhexyl) mesaconate, dihydroxyethyl mesaconate, dihydroxypropyl mesaconate, monomethyl glutaconate, monoethyl glutaconate, monopropyl glutaconate, monobenzyl glutaconate, mono(2-ethylhexyl) glutaconate (L) ester, monohydroxyethyl glutaconate, monohydroxypropyl glutaconate, dimethyl glutaconate, diethyl glutaconate, dipropyl glutaconate, dibutyl glutaconate, dibenzyl glutaconate, di(2-ethylhexyl) glutaconate, dihydroxyethyl glutaconate, dihydroxypropyl glutaconate, monomethyl aconitate, monoethyl aconitate, monopropyl aconitate, monobutyl aconitate aconitate mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, aconitate monohydroxyethyl ester, aconitate monohydroxypropyl ester, aconitate dimethyl ester, aconitate diethyl ester, aconitate dipropyl ester, aconitate dibutyl ester, aconitate dibenzyl ester, aconitate di(2-ethylhexyl) ester, aconitate dihydroxyethyl ester, aconitate dihydroxypropyl ester, furthermore, 3-methoxybutyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-butoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl,This includes, but is not limited to, monoesters and diesters of tetrahydrofurfuryl-2, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, tridecyl, myristyl, pentadecyl, palmityl, heptadecyl, nonadecyl, araquinyl, behenyl, lignocerenyl, cerotinyl, merisinyl, palmitreinyl, oleyl, linolyl, linolenyl, stearyl, lauryl, maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, and fumaric acid.

[0137] Examples of α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides include, but are not limited to, maleic acid anhydride and maleic acid anhydride derivatives. Preferred α,β-monoolefinic unsaturated dicarboxylic acid amides include maleic acid monoamide and diamide, itaconic acid monoamide and diamide, fumaric acid monoamide and diamide, N,N-dimethylamide, N,N-diethylaminoethylamide, N,N-diisopropylamide, N,N-diisopropylamide, N,N-dibutylamide, N,N-dibutylamide, N-tert-butylamide, diacetoneamide, N-(1-methylundecyl)amide, N-(1-methylundecyl)amide, N-isobornylamide, N-adamantylamide, N-benzylamide, N This includes, but is not limited to, dialkylamides of -4-methylphenylamide, methylamide, N-diphenylmethylamide, phthalimidomethylamide, phthalimidoamide, amidehydroxyacetic acid, amideacetic acid, amideacetic acid ester, amideacetic acid methyl ester, N-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxy)-ethylamide, N-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxy)ethylamide, N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)amide, N-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)amide, maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, and fumaric acid.

[0138] maleic acid As used herein, the term "maleic acid" is also called cis-butenioic acid or cis-ethylenedicarboxylic acid, which is readily soluble in water and has the chemical formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H

[0139] [ka] This refers to hydrophilic dicarboxylic acids that possess the following properties:

[0140] Maleic acid can react at both its carboxyl group and its double bond. Typical maleic acid derivatives are maleic acid esters and maleic acid amides. Maleic acid or maleic acid derivatives have been used in the prior art in polymers and synthetic resins, for example, for cotton scouring and dyeing.

[0141] The double bond of maleic acid can participate in polymerization reactions. For example, vinylpyrrolidone copolymers having a maleic acid moiety can be obtained using N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as the main monomer. Regarding copolymerization, in addition to maleic anhydride, α,β-unsaturated maleic acid derivatives, such as monoesters, diesters, monoamides, and even diamides of maleic acid, can also be used as comonomers while retaining the double bond function in copolymerization with N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). Therefore, maleic acid can first be converted to a suitable maleic acid derivative, which can then be used as a comonomer in copolymerization with N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). However, maleic anhydride can also first be used as a comonomer in copolymerization with N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), in which case the carboxyl group can be further functionalized after the preparation of the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

[0142] Because maleic acid has functional groups with different reactivity, namely a carboxyl group and a double bond, maleic acid can also function as a linker to link two or more compounds via covalent bonds.

[0143] Maleic acid homopolymers and maleic acid copolymers are known in the prior art. For example, copolymers of maleic acid with styrene, styrene sulfonic acid, acrylic acid, or methyl vinyl ether are commercially available. These copolymers have an average maleic acid content of 25-50 mol%. Since maleic acid has two carboxyl groups, such copolymers are polyelectrolyte polymers that can be used, for example, to produce films. Copolymers functionalized with carboxyl groups are also known in the prior art. For example, poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) functionalized with isobutyl ester or isobutyl / methyl ester is commercially available. For example, poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) functionalized with isobutyl ester has a styrene / maleic acid molar ratio of 1.5:1, and about half of the carboxyl groups are present as isobutyl ester. Because the distribution of isobutyl ester groups is not uniform, hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions exist in the polymer chain, which can cause problems in the formation of uniform films.

[0144] As comonomers, maleic acid and maleic acid derivatives have the advantage of having their self-polymerization ability limited by steric hindrance, thus preventing localized "maleic acid accumulation" in, for example, vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, and ultimately achieving a uniform distribution of maleic acid moieties within the polymer chain. This, in particular, provides uniform and improved solubility in polar solvents. Furthermore, maleic acid has the advantage that its carboxyl groups can be functionalized with photoreactive benzophenone substituents. These benzophenone substituents not only enable crosslinking of the polymer chains of vinylpyrrolidone copolymers after copolymerization, but also enhance crosslinking with surfaces, and therefore bonding to surfaces, resulting in improved and stabilized adhesion to various surfaces and materials.

[0145] Maleic acid monomer As used herein, the term "maleic acid monomer" refers to an α,β-unsaturated maleic acid derivative that can be used as a comonomer for copolymerization using N-vinylpyrrolidone as the main monomer to prepare vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, in particular vinylpyrrolidone copolymers composed of blocks in which the N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) portion is separated by a maleic acid portion. Examples of maleic acid comonomers include maleic anhydride, maleic acid monoesters, maleic acid diesters, maleic acid monoamides, maleic acid monoamides, and maleic acid ester amides.

[0146] [ka] This includes, but is not limited to,

[0147] In the formula, R' and R'' are as defined herein. Furthermore, maleic acid derivatives having substituents on the double bond, such as dimethylmaleic acid or dimethylmaleic anhydride, can also be used:

[0148] [ka]

[0149] Therefore, an example of a maleic acid derivative having substituents on the double bond is,

[0150] [ka] This includes, but is not limited to,

[0151] In the formulas, R' and R'' are as defined herein, and R''' and R'''' may independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F.

[0152] Maleic acid portion As used herein, the term "maleic acid moiety" refers to a maleic acid monomer covalently bonded to a polymer chain. Maleic acid moieties having a carboxyl group (-COO-) and a carbamoyl group (-CONH-) as functional groups can be represented as follows:

[0153] [ka]

[0154] A maleic acid moiety having two carboxyl groups (-COO-) or two carbamoyl groups (-CONH-) as functional groups can be represented as follows:

[0155] [ka]

[0156] The maleic acid moiety may have benzophenone substituents (BP) as residues R' and R'', but non-benzophenone residues may also be present, which may be selected from polyethylene glycol, polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl, and organometallic groups:

[0157] [ka] .

[0158] Medical devices and medical aids As used herein, the term “medical device” means “an object or substance that functions to detect, prevent, monitor, treat, or alleviate disease, and which achieves this purpose (the “intended primary action”) primarily by physical means, but not by pharmacological / immunological means or metabolic action” (Schorn G. MPG Medical Devices Act, 4th edition, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 2009). However, the physical action of a medical device can certainly be supplemented by pharmacological, immunological, or metabolic actions.

[0159] As used herein, the term "medical aid" refers to an object necessary to ensure the success of a medical procedure, to prevent an impending disability, or to compensate for a disability, unless it is considered a general aid for daily living (as defined in SGB V). Medical aids may be used primarily by the person concerned, at their own risk.

[0160] Examples of medical devices and medical aids that can be used inside or on the body surface for short or long periods include, but are not limited to, catheters of all kinds, balloon catheters, bladder catheters, guidewires, catheter shafts, gastric tubes, endoscopes, colonoscopes, needles, cannulas, endotracheal tubes, tracheal tubes, etc., implants such as stents, intraocular lenses, artificial joints, screws, fixators, artificial orifices, nasal implants, vocal cords, larynxes, artificial valves and bioprosthetic valves, bone substitutes, respiratory tubes, etc., as well as cartilage substitutes, nerve sheaths, venous valve closures, extracorporeal and intracorporeal sealing materials, subcutaneous or intramuscular implants as moisturizing and / or active ingredient-containing gels, microcapsules and macrocapsules, wound protectants, breast implants as fillers in general, bandages, pads, etc.

[0161] Examples of materials for the surface of medical devices or medical aids include, but are not limited to, polyamides (e.g., PA12, PA6, PA66), stainless steel, nitinol, Pebax, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl, polystyrene, polyimide, polyamide, PTFE, silicone, polyurethane, polyester, e.g., polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polycarbonate, polylactide, polyglycolic acid, and many others, such as polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polycarbonate, polylactide, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, polyacetate, polycarbonate, etc., and copolymers and derivatives thereof.

[0162] The N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to the present invention The present invention relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone having a maleic acid comonomer, wherein the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is functionalized with a benzophenone substituent (BP), and the amount of maleic acid in the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is less than 1 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, and most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%.

[0163] Comonomer of maleate To prepare the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention, maleic acid monomers are used as comonomers in copolymerization reactions with N-vinylpyrrolidone as the main monomer. Suitable maleic acid comonomers for the present invention include maleic anhydride, maleic acid monoester, maleic acid diester, maleic acid monoamide, maleic acid monoamide, and maleic acid ester amide:

[0164] [ka] This includes, but is not limited to, [specific examples].

[0165] In the present invention, residue R' or any one of two residues R' and R'' represents a benzophenone substituent (BP). If two residues R' and R'' are present, at least one of these residues represents a benzophenone substituent (BP). Furthermore, the remaining residue R' or R'' may have a non-benzophenone substituent selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl group, aryl group, arylalkyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, alkylhydroxy group, arylhydroxy group, alkylaryloxy group, alkylamino group, arylamino group, alkylarylamino group, silyl group, and organometallic group.

[0166] Maleic acid comonomers having additional substituents at the double bond site that are suitable for the present invention are:

[0167] [ka] This includes, but is not limited to,

[0168] Here, residue R' or any one of two residues R' or R'' represents a benzophenone substituent (BP), where R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F. In a particularly preferred embodiment, R''' and R'''' each represent -H.

[0169] If two residues R' and R'' are present, at least one of these residues represents a benzophenone substituent (BP). Furthermore, the remaining residue R' or R'' may have a non-benzophenone substituent selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl group, aryl group, arylalkyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, alkylhydroxy group, arylhydroxy group, alkylaryloxy group, alkylamino group, arylamino group, alkylarylamino group, silyl group, and organometallic group.

[0170] When maleic anhydride or a derivative of maleic anhydride is used as a comonomer in copolymerization with N-vinylpyrrolidone, a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is first obtained, which consists of blocks in which N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) is divided by maleic anhydride moieties. This vinylpyrrolidone copolymer can then be functionalized with benzophenone substituents (BP) having a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a primary amino group (-NH2) as a functional group in order to convert the maleic anhydride moieties to maleic acid.

[0171] When maleic acid monoesters, maleic acid diesters, maleic acid monoamides, maleic acid diamides, maleic acid ester amides, and / or derivatives thereof are used as comonomers in which at least one carboxyl group is functionalized with a benzophenone substituent (BP), copolymerization with N-vinylpyrrolidone then directly produces a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer consisting of blocks of N-vinylpyrrolidone moieties separated by maleic acid moieties.

[0172] In accordance with the present invention, combinations of maleic anhydride, maleic acid monoester, maleic acid diester, maleic acid monoamide, maleic acid diamide, maleic acid ester amide, and / or derivatives thereof may be used as comonomers in copolymerization with N-vinylpyrrolidone to provide a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer composed of blocks of N-vinylpyrrolidone moieties separated by maleic acid moieties, wherein the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is functionalized with benzophenone substituents (BP).

[0173] The copolymer of the present invention can be prepared by polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) with at least one maleic acid comonomer. N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) is copolymerized with at least one maleic acid comonomer.

[0174] [ka]

[0175] In the formula, X 1 and X 2 R' and R' represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' and R' are as defined herein. Particularly preferred is the maleic acid comonomer, which may be N-(4-benzoylbenzyl)-maleic acid monoamide:

[0176] [ka]

[0177] Benzophenone substituent (BP) In the N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to the present invention, the benzophenone substituent (BP) is optionally substituted or unsubstituted.

[0178] [ka] That is the case.

[0179] Therefore, the benzophenone substituents BP are -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -O The substituents include, but are not limited to, CH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3, and may have one or more substituents. In some preferred embodiments, the benzophenone substituents are -OH, -NO2, -COCH3, -COOH, -CONH 2、 -SO3H 、 -SO2NH 2、 -OCH 3、 -OCF 3、 -NH 2、 -NH(CH) 3、 It may have one or more substituents, including but not limited to -N(CH3)2 and -SOCH3.

[0180] Therefore, BP is,

[0181] [ka] It can also represent,

[0182] In the formula, R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, - Represents OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3.

[0183] Benzophenone substituents BP are

[0184] [ka] Represented by,

[0185] The following variations

[0186] [ka] Includes,

[0187] In the formula, R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, - Represents OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3.

[0188] In a preferred embodiment, R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5b At least one of the following, and R BP1b ~R BP5b At least one of them is -H. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the benzophenone substituent BP is

[0189] [ka] This represents,

[0190] In the formula, R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP4bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, - Represents OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3.

[0191] In a more preferred embodiment, the benzophenone substituent BP is

[0192] [ka] It represents;

[0193] In the formula, R BP1a ~R BP2a and R BP1b ~R BP2b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, - Represents OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3.

[0194] In a more preferred embodiment, the benzophenone substituent BP is

[0195] [ka] It represents;

[0196] In the formula, R BP1a and R BP1b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, - Represents OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3.

[0197] However, the benzophenone substituent (BP) is preferably unsubstituted benzoylphenyl. Therefore, benzoylphenyl is particularly preferred as the benzophenone substituent (BP) in this specification. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the benzophenone substituent (BP) is

[0198] [ka] It represents.

[0199] Non-benzophenone substituents PVP coatings are typically clear, transparent, hard, and brittle. Negative mechanical properties can be improved with the use of plasticizers; for example, one or more additional polymer compounds can be blended into the PVP. Furthermore, mechanical properties can also be improved by UV curing.

[0200] For example, polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be added to PVP to improve its mechanical properties. PEG is a material with the general formula C 2n H 4n+1 O n+1 It is a water-soluble, non-toxic polymer. The repeating unit of the linear polymer is -CH2CH2O-. PEG with an average molecular weight of 200 to 35,000 g / mol is referred to as polyethylene glycol in the prior art, while PEG with a molecular weight of approximately 35,000 g / mol or more is referred to as polyethylene oxide. In the prior art, the term PEG is usually used with a numerical value indicating the average relative molecular weight. Synonyms for polyethylene glycol (PEG) are polyethylene glycol, macrogol, PEO, and E1521.

[0201] To improve mechanical properties, polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers can be functionalized with, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylactide, polyglycolide, or polyacrylate.

[0202] Preferred N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to the present invention Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0203] [ka]

[0204] During the ceremony, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', they are independently -(CH2CH2O) q-H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0205] [ka] It represents;

[0206] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0207] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0208] [ka]

[0209] In the formulas, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol% and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, they are independently -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' brepresents -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0210] [ka] It represents;

[0211] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0212] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0213] [ka]

[0214] During the ceremony, m = 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', they are independently -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' are selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0215] [ka] It represents;

[0216] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0217] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0218] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0219] [ka]

[0220] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, they are independently -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0221] [ka] It represents;

[0222] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0223] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0224] Therefore, the present invention particularly relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0225] [ka]

[0226] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', they are independently -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' are selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0227] [ka] It represents;

[0228] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0229] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0230] Preferably, it is a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1), where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-. Therefore, preferably, it is a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1), where X 1 and X 2 Neither of them is -NH-.

[0231] Preferably, it is a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1), where BP' and BP'' are

[0232] [ka] It represents.

[0233] Preferably, a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1), where up to a maximum p% of R' and R'' is -(CH2CH2O) q -H is a number between 1 and 50, where q is an integer between 35 and 50.

[0234] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0235] [ka]

[0236] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0237] [ka] It represents;

[0238] R B1a~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0239] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0240] Preferably, it is a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'), where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-. Therefore, preferably, it is a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1), where X 1a and X 2a Both are not -NH-, but in the formula, X 1b and X 2b Neither of them is -NH-. More preferably, a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'), where X1a , X 2a , X 1b , and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-.

[0241] Preferably, it is a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'), where BP' and BP'' are

[0242] [ka] It represents.

[0243] Preferably, it is a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'), where R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is a number between 1 and 50, where q is an integer between 35 and 50.

[0244] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0245] [ka]

[0246] During the ceremony, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' are selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0247] [ka] It represents;

[0248] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0249] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0250] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0251] [ka]

[0252] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0253] [ka] It represents;

[0254] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0255] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0256] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0257] [ka]

[0258] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' are selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0259] [ka] It represents;

[0260] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0261] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0262] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0263] [ka]

[0264] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' aоR''' b and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0265] [ka] It represents;

[0266] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0267] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0268] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0269] [ka]

[0270] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' are selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0271] [ka] It represents;

[0272] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0273] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0274] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0275] [ka]

[0276] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' bThese independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0277] [ka] It represents;

[0278] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0279] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0280] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0281] [ka]

[0282] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' are selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0283] [ka] It represents;

[0284] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0285] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0286] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0287] [ka]

[0288] In the equations, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol% and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-.

[0289] R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' aоR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0290] [ka] It represents;

[0291] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0292] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0293] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0294] [ka]

[0295] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' are selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0296] [ka] It represents;

[0297] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0298] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0299] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0300] [ka]

[0301] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2bThese are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-.

[0302] R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0303] [ka] It represents;

[0304] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0305] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0306] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0307] [ka]

[0308] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' are selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0309] [ka] It represents;

[0310] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0311] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0312] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0313] [ka]

[0314] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' aоR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' are independently selected from the bond and -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0315] [ka] It represents;

[0316] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0317] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0318] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0319] [ka]

[0320] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0321] [ka] It represents;

[0322] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0323] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0324] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0325] [ka]

[0326] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group;; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0327] [ka] It represents;

[0328] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0329] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0330] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0331] [ka]

[0332] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0333] [ka] It represents;

[0334] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0335] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0336] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0337] [ka]

[0338] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, R' aоR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group;; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0339] [ka] It represents;

[0340] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0341] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0342] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0343] [ka]

[0344] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0345] [ka] It represents;

[0346] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0347] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0348] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0349] [ka]

[0350] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' bThese independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0351] [ka] It represents;

[0352] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0353] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0354] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0355] [ka]

[0356] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0357] [ka] It represents;

[0358] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0359] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0360] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0361] [ka]

[0362] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, R' aоR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0363] [ka] It represents;

[0364] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0365] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0366] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0367] [ka]

[0368] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0369] [ka] It represents;

[0370] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0371] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0372] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0373] [ka]

[0374] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0375] [ka] It represents;

[0376] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0377] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0378] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0379] [ka]

[0380] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0381] [ka] It represents;

[0382] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0383] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0384] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0385] [ka]

[0386] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a, R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0387] [ka] It represents;

[0388] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0389] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0390] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0391] [ka]

[0392] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP is,

[0393] [ka] It represents;

[0394] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0395] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0396] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0397] [ka]

[0398] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O)q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0399] [ka] It represents;

[0400] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0401] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0402] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0403] [ka]

[0404] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0405] [ka] It represents;

[0406] R B1a ~RB4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0407] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0408] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0409] [ka]

[0410] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2bThese are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-.

[0411] R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H represents; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0412] [ka] It represents;

[0413] RB1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0414] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0415] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0416] [ka]

[0417] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0418] [ka] It represents;

[0419] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0420] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0421] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0422] [ka]

[0423] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) qis selected from -H, polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' a , R'' a , R' b , and R'' b are -H; R''' a , R'''' a , R''' b , and R'''' b represent -H; L' and L'' each represent a bond; BP' and BP'' independently of each other

[0424]

Chemical Formula

[0425] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b independently of one another, represent -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number from 1 to 50; here, q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably, q is an integer between 35 and 50.

[0426] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0427] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0428] [ka]

[0429] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0430] [ka] It represents;

[0431] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0432] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0433] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0434] [ka]

[0435] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0436] [ka] It represents;

[0437] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0438] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0439] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0440] [ka]

[0441] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0442] [ka] It represents;

[0443] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0444] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0445] [ka]

[0446] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0447] [ka] It represents;

[0448] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0449] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0450] [ka]

[0451] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol% and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0452] [ka] represents;

[0453] p is a number from 1 to 50; wherein q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably q is an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number from 25 to 50. In a further preferred embodiment, p is a number from 25 to 30, more preferably 30 to 35, more preferably 35 to 40, more preferably 40 to 45, even more preferably 45 to 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0454] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the general formula (P1'):

[0455]

Chemical Formula

[0456] wherein m1+m2=m=0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1+n2=n=100 mol%-m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b are each independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a , R'' a , R' b , and R'' b the p% thereof are each independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''-; and R' a , R'' a , R' b , and R'' b up to the maximum p% thereof are each independently -(CH2CH2O) q-H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0457] [ka] It represents;

[0458] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0459] [ka]

[0460] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O)q -H is; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0461] [ka] It represents;

[0462] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0463] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0464] [ka]

[0465] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R''b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0466] [ka] It represents;

[0467] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0468] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0469] [ka]

[0470] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0471] [ka] It represents;

[0472] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0473] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0474] [ka]

[0475] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0476] [ka] It represents;

[0477] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0478] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0479] [ka]

[0480] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; The p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0481] [ka] It represents;

[0482] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0483] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0484] [ka]

[0485] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of the residues are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0486] [ka] It represents;

[0487] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0488] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0489] [ka]

[0490] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; The p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0491] [ka] It represents;

[0492] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0493] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0494] [ka]

[0495] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of the residues are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are,

[0496] [ka] It represents;

[0497] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0498] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0499] [ka]

[0500] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0501] [ka] It represents;

[0502] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0503] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0504] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0505] [ka]

[0506] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2bThese are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0507] [ka] It represents;

[0508] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0509] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0510] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0511] [ka]

[0512] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0513] [ka] It represents;

[0514] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0515] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0516] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0517] [ka]

[0518] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0519] [ka] It represents;

[0520] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0521] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0522] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0523] [ka]

[0524] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0525] [ka] It represents;

[0526] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~RB5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0527] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0528] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0529] [ka]

[0530] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2bThese are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0531] [ka] It represents;

[0532] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0533] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0534] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0535] [ka]

[0536] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent conjugation; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0537] [ka] It represents;

[0538] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0539] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0540] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0541] [ka]

[0542] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R'''a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0543] [ka] It represents;

[0544] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0545] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0546] [ka]

[0547] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0548] [ka] It represents;

[0549] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0550] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0551] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0552] [ka]

[0553] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2bThese are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0554] [ka] It represents;

[0555] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0556] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0557] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0558] [ka]

[0559] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0560] [ka] It represents;

[0561] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0562] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0563] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0564] [ka]

[0565] In the equations, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol% and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0566] [ka] It represents;

[0567] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0568] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0569] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0570] [ka]

[0571] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0572] [ka] It represents;

[0573] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0574] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0575] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0576] [ka]

[0577] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2bThese are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0578] [ka] It represents;

[0579] R B1a ~R B4aand R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0580] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0581] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0582] [ka]

[0583] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0584] [ka] It represents;

[0585] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0586] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0587] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0588] [ka]

[0589] In the equations, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol% and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' aоR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0590] [ka] It represents;

[0591] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0592] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number from 25 to 50. In a further preferred embodiment, p is a number from 25 to 30, more preferably 30 to 35, more preferably 35 to 40, more preferably 40 to 45, even more preferably 45 to 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0593] Accordingly, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of the general formula (P1):

[0594]

Chemical Formula

[0595] wherein m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 are each independently selected from -O- and -NH-, wherein only one of X 1 and X 2 is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are, independently of each other, selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''-; and up to a maximum of p% of R' and R'' are, independently of each other, selected from -(CH2CH2O) q -H, polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are, independently of each other

[0596] [ka] It represents;

[0597] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0598] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0599] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0600] [ka]

[0601] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b L' represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' each independently represent

[0602]

Chemical Formula

[0603] R B1a to R B4a and R B1b to R B5b each independently represent -H, -COOH, -CH₃, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N₃, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH₂, -NHC(=NH)NH₂, -OCONH₂, -NO₂, -COCH₃, -CONH₂, -SO₃H, -SO₂NH₂, -OCH₃, -OC₂H₅, -OC₃H₇, -OCF₃, -OCH(CH₃)₂, -OC(CH₃)₃, -OC₄H₉, -O-cyclo-C₃H₅, -OCH₂-cyclo-C₃H₅, -OC₂H₄-cyclo-C₃H₅, -OCH₂CH(CH₃)₂, -OC₂H₄OCH₃, -CH₂OCH₃, -CF₃, -C₂H₅, -C₃H₇, -NH₂, -NH(CH)₃, -N(CH₃)₂, or -SOCH₃; p is a number from 1 to 50; wherein q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably q is an integer between 35 and 50.

[0604] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number from 25 to 50. In a further preferred embodiment, p is a number from 25 to 30, more preferably 30 to 35, more preferably 35 to 40, more preferably 40 to 45, even more preferably 45 to 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In a most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0605] Accordingly, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the general formula (P1):

[0606]

Chemical Formula

[0607] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-, where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0608] [ka] It represents;

[0609] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0610] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0611] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0612] [ka]

[0613] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b L' represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other.

[0614] [ka] It represents;

[0615] R B1a ~R B4a and R B1b ~R B5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50.

[0616] In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0617] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0618] [ka]

[0619] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1 and X 2Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0620] [ka] It represents;

[0621] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0622] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0623] [ka]

[0624] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' bThese independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0625] [ka] It represents;

[0626] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0627] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0628] [ka]

[0629] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0630] [ka] It represents;

[0631] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0632] [ka]

[0633] In the equations, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol% and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2bOnly one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b These independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0634] [ka] It represents;

[0635] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0636] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0637] [ka]

[0638] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0639] [ka] It represents;

[0640] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0641] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0642] [ka]

[0643] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b L' represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0644] [ka] It represents;

[0645] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P1):

[0646] [ka]

[0647] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to a maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0648] [ka] It represents;

[0649] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0650] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0651] [ka]

[0652] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to a maximum of p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H, selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b, and R'''' b L' represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0653] [ka] It represents;

[0654] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0655] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0656] [ka]

[0657] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q-H is; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0658] [ka] It represents;

[0659] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0660] In preferred embodiments, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0661] [ka]

[0662] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2bOnly one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b L' represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0663] [ka] It represents;

[0664] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0665] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0666] [ka]

[0667] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1 and X 2 Only one of them is -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0668] [ka] It represents;

[0669] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0670] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0671] [ka]

[0672] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b Up to the maximum p%, -(CH2CH2O) q -H is; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b L' represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0673] [ka] It represents;

[0674] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0675] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0676] [ka]

[0677] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, and n = 100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; The p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0678] [ka] It represents;

[0679] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0680] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0681] [ka]

[0682] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%; more preferably 0.5 to 0.75 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of the residues are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and the remaining residue R'a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b L' represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0683] [ka] It represents;

[0684] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0685] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1):

[0686] [ka]

[0687] In the formula, m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; The p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' represent -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0688] [ka] It represents;

[0689] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0690] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably relates to a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1'):

[0691] [ka]

[0692] In the formula, m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2b These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; where X 1a and X 2a Only one of them is -NH-, where X 1b and X 2b Only one of them is -NH-; more preferably, here X 1a , X 2a , X 1b and X 2bOnly one of them is -NH-; R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b p% of the residues are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and the remaining residue R' a оR'' a , R' b , and R'' b is -H; R''' a оR'''' a оR''' b , and R'''' b L' represents -H; L' and L'' represent -CH2-; BP' and BP'' are,

[0693] [ka] It represents;

[0694] p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. In a preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 50. In a more preferred embodiment, p is a number between 25 and 30, more preferably 30 and 35, more preferably 35 and 40, more preferably 40 and 45, and even more preferably 45 and 50. In a particularly preferred embodiment, p is (about) 25. In the most preferred embodiment, p is (about) 50.

[0695] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0696] [ka]

[0697] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' and R'' are independent of each other: -BP, -L-BP, -(CH2CH2O) q Selected from -OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylhydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted arylhydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted alkylarylamino, silyl group, organometallic group, and -H; where R' and R'' are both not -H; where at least one of R' and R'' is -BP or -L-BP; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0698] [ka] It represents;

[0699] R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably between 5 and 50, and preferably between 35 and 50.

[0700] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0701] [ka]

[0702] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' and R'' are independent of each other: -BP, -L-BP, -(CH2CH2O) q -OH, -CH3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -CH(CH3)2, -C4H9, -CH2CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)C2H5, -C(CH3)3, -C5H 11, -CH(CH3)C3H7, -CH2-CH(CH3)C2H5, -CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2, -C(CH3)2C2H5, -CH2C(CH3)3, -CH(C2H5)2, -C2H4CH(CH3)2, -C6H 13 , -C3H6CH(CH3)2, -C2H4CH(CH3)C2H5, -CH(CH3)C4H9, -CH2CH(CH3)C3H7, -CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)C2H5, -CH2CH (CH3)CH(CH3)2, -CH2C(CH3)2C2H5, -C(CH3)2C3H7, -C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2, -C2H4C(CH3)3, -CH2CH(C2H5)2, -CH(CH3)C(CH3)3, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)CH2CH3, -CH(C2H5)2, -CH2CH(C2H5)2, -C(CH3)3, -CH2-C(CH3)3, -cyclo-C3H5, -cyclo-C4H7, -cyclo-C5H9, -cyclo-C6H 11 -CH2-Cyclo-C3H5, -CH2-Cyclo-C4H7, -CH2-Cyclo-C5H9, -CH2-Cyclo-C6H 11 Selected from -Ph, -CH2-Ph, -CH2OCH3, -CH2OCH2CH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH2CH3, -CH2CO2CH3, -CH2CO2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2NHCH3, -CH2CH2N(CH3)2, -CH2S(O)2-(4-methylphenyl), and -H; where R' and R'' are not both -H; where at least one of R' and R'' is -BP or -L-BP; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0703] [ka] It represents;

[0704] R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably between 5 and 50, and preferably between 35 and 50.

[0705] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0706] [ka]

[0707] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' and R'' are independent of each other: -BP, -L-BP, -(CH2CH2O) q Selected from -OH and -H; where R' and R'' are both not -H; where at least one of R' and R'' is -BP or -L-BP; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0708] [ka] It represents;

[0709] R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably between 5 and 50, and preferably between 35 and 50.

[0710] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0711]

Chemical Formula

[0712] wherein m=0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n=100 mol%-m; X 1 and X 2 each independently represent -O- or -NH-; R' and R'' are each independently selected from -BP, -L-BP, -(CH2CH2O) q -OH, and -H; wherein both R' and R'' are not -H; wherein at least one of R' and R'' is -BP or -L-BP; R''' and R'''' each independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; preferably, both R''' and R'''' represent -H; L represents -CH2-; BP represents

[0713]

Chemical Formula

[0714] R BP1a to R BP4a and R BP1b to R BP5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably between 35 and 50.

[0715] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0716] [ka]

[0717] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' and R'' are independent of each other: -BP, -L-BP, -(CH2CH2O) q Selected from -OH and -H; where R' and R'' are both not -H; where at least one of R' and R'' is -BP or -L-BP; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0718] [ka] It represents;

[0719] R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5b represents -H; q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably between 35 and 50. Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0720] [ka]

[0721] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' and R'' are independent of each other: -BP, -L-BP, -(CH2CH2O) q Selected from -OH and -H; where R' and R'' are both not -H; where at least one of R' and R'' is -BP or -L-BP; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0722] [ka] It represents;

[0723] q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably between 35 and 50. Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0724] [ka]

[0725] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' represents -BP or -L-BP-, and R'' represents -(CH2CH2O) q - Represents -OH or -H; or R'' represents -BP or -L-BP-, and R' represents -(CH2CH2O) q -OH or -H represents; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0726] [ka] It represents;

[0727] q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably between 35 and 50. Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0728] [ka]

[0729] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' represents -BP or -L-BP- and R'' represents -H, or R'' represents -BP or -L-BP- and R' represents -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0730] [ka] It represents;

[0731] q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably between 35 and 50. Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0732] [ka]

[0733] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' represents -BP or -L-BP- and R'' represents -H, or R'' represents -BP or -L-BP- and R' represents -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0734] [ka] It represents;

[0735] q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably between 35 and 50. Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0736] [ka]

[0737] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' represents -BP or -L-BP-, and R'' represents -(CH2CH2O) q -H, or represents -H, or R'' represents -BP or -L-BP-, and R' represents -(CH2CH2O) q -H, or represents -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0738] [ka] It represents;

[0739] R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably between 35 and 50.

[0740] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0741] [ka]

[0742] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' represents -BP or -L-BP- and R'' represents -H, or R'' represents -BP or -L-BP- and R' represents -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0743] [ka] It represents;

[0744] R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5bThese are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably between 35 and 50.

[0745] Therefore, the present invention preferably relates to vinylpyrrolidone copolymers of general formula (P2):

[0746] [ka]

[0747] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; X 1 and X 2 These represent -O- or -NH- independently of each other; R' represents -BP or -L-BP- and R'' represents -H, or R'' represents -BP or -L-BP- and R' represents -H; R''' and R'''' independently represent -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -F; L represents -CH2-; BP is,

[0748] [ka] It represents;

[0749] R BP1a ~R BP4a and R BP1b ~R BP5b These are -H, -COOH, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N3, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -OCONH2, -NO2, -COCH3, -CONH2, -SO3H, -SO2NH2, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -OCF3, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2-cyclo-C3H5, -OC2H4-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH2CH(CH3)2, -OC2H4OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CF3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -NH2, -NH(CH)3, -N(CH3)2, or -SOCH3; q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably between 35 and 50.

[0750] Particularly preferred N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to the present invention The present invention preferably relates to copolymers having the following structure:

[0751] [ka]

[0752] [ka]

[0753] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; q is an integer between 35 and 50.

[0754] More preferably, the copolymer has the following structure:

[0755] [ka]

[0756] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; q is an integer between 35 and 50.

[0757] In this specification, particularly preferably, is a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer selected from the group consisting of:

[0758] [ka]

[0759] In the formula, m = 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, and n = 100 mol% - m; q is an integer between 35 and 50.

[0760] The present invention preferably further relates to copolymers having the following structure:

[0761] [ka]

[0762] During the ceremony, m1+m2=m=0.01~0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1~0.90 mol%, more preferably 0.1~0.85 mol%, even more preferably 0.5~0.85 mol%, most preferably 0.5~0.875 mol%, and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; q is an integer between 35 and 50.

[0763] Synthesis of vinylpyrrolidone copolymer in the present invention The present invention further relates to a method for preparing vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, comprising the following steps: a) Reacting N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) with 0.1 to 10.0 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 5.0 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.95 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.9 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.88 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 0.88 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.85 mol%, and most preferably 0.5 to 0.875 mol% of maleic acid comonomer:

[0764] [ka]

[0765] During the ceremony, X 1 and X 2R' and R' are as defined herein, independently of each other...

Claims

1. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1): 【Chemistry 1】 During the ceremony, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; and n = 100 mol% - m; X １ and X ２ These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; p% of R' and R'' are independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''; and Up to the maximum p% of R' and R'', independently of each other, -(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ -H is selected from polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H; R''' and R'''' are independent of each other, -H, -CH ３ ien-CH ２ CH ３ , or -F; L' and L'' are, independently of each other, selected from a bond and -CH ２ -; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other. 【Chemistry 2】 It represents; R Ｂ１ａ ~R Ｂ４ａ and R Ｂ１ｂ ~R Ｂ５ｂ These are independent of each other: -H, -COOH, -CH ３ , -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N ３ , -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH ２ , -NHC(=NH)NH ２ , -OCONH ２ , -NO ２ , -COCH ３ , -CONH ２ , -SO ３ H, -SO ２ NH ２ , -OCH ３ , -OC ２ H ５ , -OC ３ H ７ , -OCF ３ , -OCH(CH ３ ) ２ , -OC(CH ３ ) ３ , -OC ４ H ９ -O-cyclo-C ３ H ５ , -OCH ２ -Cyclo-C ３ H ５ , -OC ２ H ４ -Cyclo-C ３ H ５ , -OCH ２ CH (CH ３ ) ２ , -OC ２ H ４ OCH ３ ien-CH ２ OCH ３ , -CF ３ , -C ２ H ５ , -C ３ H ７ , -NH ２ , -NH(CH) ３ , -N(CH ３ ) ２ , or -SOCH ３ It represents; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of general formula (P1).

2. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 1, wherein X １ and X ２ Only one of them is -NH. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

3. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R''' and R'''' represent -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

4. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein m = 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

5. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein m = 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

6. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, or 0.5 to 0.88 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

7. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein R' and R'' are independently -L'-BP', -(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ -OH represents -H; in the formula, at least one of R' and R'' represents -L'-BP', Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

8. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

9. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R Ｂ１ａ ~R Ｂ４ａ and R Ｂ１ｂ ~R Ｂ５ｂ This represents -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

10. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein one of R' and R'' represents -L'-BP' and the other represents -(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ Representing -OH or -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

11. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein one of R' and R'' represents -L'-BP' and the other represents -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

12. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein one of R' and R'' represents -L'-BP' and the other represents -(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ - Represents OH, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

13. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein L' and L'' are bonds. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

14. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein L' and L'' are -CH ２ - is, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

15. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein p is 50. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

16. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein p is 25. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

17. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein p is 50 and 50% of R' and R'' are -(CH ２ CH ２ O) q-H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

18. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein p is 50 and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

19. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein p is 25, and 25% of R' and R'' are -(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ It is -H, and the remaining residues R' and R'' are -H. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

20. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer selected from the group consisting of the following: 【Transformation 3】 During the ceremony, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; n = 100 mol% - m; q is an integer between 35 and 50. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

21. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 20, wherein m = 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

22. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 20, wherein m = 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

23. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 20, wherein m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, or 0.5 to 0.88 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

24. A medical device having a coating of a crosslinked vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 23.

25. A medical device having a coating according to claim 24, wherein the coating further comprises a crosslinking agent. Medical devices.

26. A medical device according to claim 24 or claim 25, wherein the coating is made of any one of the following crosslinked vinylpyrrolidone copolymers: 【Chemistry 4】 During the ceremony, m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; n = 100 mol% - m; q is an integer between 35 and 50. Medical devices.

27. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 26, wherein m = 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

28. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 26, wherein m = 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

29. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 26, wherein m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, or 0.5 to 0.88 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

30. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 1, wherein the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer has the general formula (P1'): 【Transformation 5】 During the ceremony, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; and n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; X １ａ , X ２ａ , X １ｂ and X ２ｂ These are independently selected from -O- and -NH-; R' ａ , R'' ａ , R' ｂ , and R'' ｂ the p% of are each independently selected from -L'-BP'- and -L''-BP''-; and R' ａ , R'' ａ , R' ｂ , and R'' ｂ up to a maximum of p% of are, independently of one another, selected from -(CH ２ CH ２ O)q-H, polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylate, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylhydroxy, arylhydroxy, alkylaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylarylamino, silyl group, and organometallic group; the remaining residues R' ａ , R'' ａ , R' ｂ , and R'' ｂ are -H; R''' ａ оR'''' ａ ----R'''' ｂ , and R'''' ｂ These are -H and -CH, which are independent of each other. ３ ien-CH ２ CH ３ , or -F; L' and L'' are independent of each other, bonded, and -CH ２ - Selected from; BP' and BP'' are independent of each other. 【Transformation 6】 It represents; R Ｂ１ａ ~R Ｂ４ａ and R Ｂ１ｂ ~R Ｂ５ｂ These are independent of each other: -H, -COOH, -CH ３ , -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -N ３ , -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCN, -NHCONH ２ , -NHC(=NH)NH ２ , -OCONH ２ , -NO ２ , -COCH ３ , -CONH ２ , -SO ３ H, -SO ２ NH ２ , -OCH ３ , -OC ２ H ５ , -OC ３ H ７ , -OCF ３ , -OCH(CH ３ ) ２ , -OC(CH ３ ) ３ , -OC ４ H ９ -O-cyclo-C ３ H ５ , -OCH ２ -Cyclo-C ３ H ５ , -OC ２ H ４ -Cyclo-C ３ H ５ , -OCH ２ CH (CH ３ ) ２ , -OC ２ H ４ OCH ３ ien-CH ２ OCH ３ , -CF ３ , -C ２ H ５ , -C ３ H ７ , -NH ２ , -NH(CH) ３ , -N(CH ３ ) ２ , or -SOCH ３ It represents; p is a number between 1 and 50; where q is an integer between 5 and 900, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

31. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 30, wherein X １ａ and X ２ａ Only one of them is -NH, and in the formula, X １ｂ and X ２ｂ Only one of them is -NH- Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

32. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 30, wherein X １ａ , X ２ａ , X １ｂ , and X ２ｂ Only one of them is -NH. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

33. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R''' ａ оR'''' ａ ----R'''' ｂ , and R'''' ｂ This represents -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

34. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

35. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

36. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, or 0.5 to 0.88 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

37. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 36, wherein R' ａ ----R'' ａ , R' ｂ , and R'' ｂ These are independent of each other: -BP, -(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ -OH represents -H; in the formula, R' ａ ----R'' ａ , R' ｂ , and R'' ｂ At least one of them represents -BP, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

38. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 37, wherein q is an integer between 5 and 50, preferably an integer between 35 and 50. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

39. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 38, wherein R Ｂ１ａ ~R Ｂ４ａ and R Ｂ１ｂ ~R Ｂ５ｂ This represents -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

40. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 39, wherein R' ａ , or R'' ａ One of them represents -L'-BP' and R' ｂ and R'' ｂ One of them is - (CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ -OH represents the remaining residue R' ａ ----R'' ａ , R' ｂ and R'' ｂ is -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

41. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 39, wherein R' ａ and R'' ａ One of them represents -L'-BP' and R' ｂ and R'' ｂ One of them is - (CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ -OH represents the remaining residue R' ａ ----R'' ａ , R' ｂ and R'' ｂ is -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

42. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 41, wherein L' and L'' are bonds. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

43. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 41, wherein L' and L'' are -CH ２ - is, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

44. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 43, wherein p is 50. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

45. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 43, wherein p is 25. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

46. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 44, wherein p is 50 and in the formula R' ａ ----R'' ａ , R' ｂ , and R'' ｂ 50% of it is -(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ -H is Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

47. The vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 44, wherein p is 50 and the remaining residue R' ａ ----R'' ａ , R' ｂ , and R'' ｂ is -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

48. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to claim 45, wherein p is 25 and in the formula R' ａ ----R'' ａ , R' ｂ , and R'' ｂ 25% of it is -(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｑ -H, and the remaining residue R' ａ ----R'' ａ , R' ｂ , and R'' ｂ is -H, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

49. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer selected from the group consisting of the following: 【Transformation 7】 During the ceremony, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; q is an integer between 35 and 50. Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

50. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

51. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

52. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, or 0.5 to 0.88 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

53. A medical device having a coating of a crosslinked vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 52.

54. A medical device having a coating according to claim 53, wherein the coating further comprises a crosslinking agent. Medical devices.

55. A medical device according to claim 53 or claim 54, wherein the coating is made of any one of the following crosslinked vinylpyrrolidone copolymers: 【Transformation 8】 During the ceremony, m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.9 mol%; n1 + n2 = n = 100 mol% - m; q is an integer between 35 and 50. Medical devices.

56. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein m1 + m2 = m = 0.1 to 0.85 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

57. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.75 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

58. A vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein m1 + m2 = m = 0.5 to 0.875 mol%, or 0.5 to 0.88 mol%, Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

59. Use of the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising use as an additive or lubricant in medical devices, components of medical devices, coatings, catheters, balloon catheters, stents, guidewires, needles, cannulas, and other medical devices, for use in cosmetics, care products, hygiene products, ointments, gels, pads, and medical aids, for use for moisture regulation or absorption, for use for reducing surface friction, and comprising at least one pharmaceutically active substance that can be released in a controlled manner. use.

60. Use of the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer according to any one of claims 30 to 52, comprising use as a medical device, component of a medical device, coating material, coating for a medical device such as a catheter, balloon catheter, stent, guidewire, needle, or cannula, as an additive or lubricant in cosmetics, care products, hygiene products, ointments, gels, pads, or medical aids, for moisture regulation or absorption, or for reducing surface friction, and comprising at least one pharmaceutically active substance that can be released in a controlled manner. use.

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