Rheology control agents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a liquid carrier that is liquid at a temperature of 23°C, a urea component having a number-average molecular weight Mn of 400 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol dissolved in the liquid carrier, and an ionic compound, wherein the ionic compound is dissolved in the liquid carrier and comprises at least one of CaCl2, MgCl2, SrCl2, carbamidylazanium chloride, NaSCN, and NaBr.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition, which contains a liquid carrier that is liquid at a temperature of 23°C, a urea component having a number average molecular weight Mn of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol and dissolved in the liquid carrier, and an ionic compound, wherein the ionic compound is dissolved in the liquid carrier and comprises at least one of CaCl₂, MgCl₂, SrCl₂, carbamimidoyl azanium chloride, NaSCN, and NaBr. The present invention further relates to a liquid composition, a coated article, use of the above composition for controlling the rheology of a liquid composition, use of an ionic compound for improving the solubility of a urea component, and a method for controlling the rheology of a liquid composition. BACKGROUND ART

[0002] In fields such as coating materials, adhesives, sealants, molding compositions, and oil-based drilling fluids, there is a need to customize the rheological properties of such liquid systems, primarily by adjusting the viscosity. This can be done, for example, by selecting the concentrations of binders, solvents, and pigments and / or fillers. In many cases, it is necessary to add so-called rheological auxiliaries to these liquids. The effect of these additives is to adjust the rheological properties of the system, such as viscosity and viscoelastic properties. By doing so, the system properties are typically improved with respect to sag resistance, improved storage stability (due to reduced sedimentation of solid particles), or a general increase in viscosity, often referred to as "thickening".

[0003] The rheology of liquid systems is often controlled using clay, such as bentonite, and / or silica, which may optionally be organically modified, hydrogenated castor oil, and polyamide waxes. The drawback of these rheology control aids is that they are mostly dry solids and need to be processed into semi-final form using solvents and shear forces, and / or introduced into the liquid system by target temperature control. Failure to adhere to these temperature and / or appropriate mixing conditions can lead to poor rheological performance and harmful properties of the article.

[0004] When the liquid system is a coating composition, these rheology control aids frequently cause clouding and haze in colorless, transparent coatings. Furthermore, handling dry powder articles that generate dust during processing can be technically disadvantageous.

[0005] Alternatives to liquid applications of these rheology control aids are provided by solutions of specific urea components, as described, for example, in European Patent Application Publication No. 1188779. Alternatively, instead of classical organic diluents, ionic liquids can be used, as described in German Patent Application Publication No. 102008059702.

[0006] A further aspect to consider with regard to rheological control aids provided in liquid form is their storage stability. For example, long storage periods or high storage stress, such as storage involving temperature changes, can lead to a decrease in storage stability, which in turn leads to a decrease in effectiveness in the target system. Therefore, it is desirable that rheological control aids have good storage stability and do not easily precipitate or gel during storage.

[0007] To prevent premature precipitation during storage, small amounts of salt, particularly halides such as LiCl, are usually added; these act as stabilizers. Lithium salts pose several sustainability problems, such as the potential for excessive water consumption and a lack of responsible sourcing. Furthermore, lithium salts possess reproductive toxic properties or their potential.

[0008] All the parameters mentioned above limit the selection of appropriate products. Therefore, selecting appropriate rheological control aids is difficult because they must, among other things, be compatible with the subsequent application system and meet diverse requirements. They must demonstrate improved rheological activity in the application system and broad compatibility in application-related formulations. The need for improved rheological additives remains. Improved rheological additives should provide reliable thickening effects in various formulations, while also possessing good storage stability. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] Therefore, a particular object of the present invention is to provide a high-quality rheology control agent with good efficacy that can be used in a wide range of application systems. More particularly, an object of the present invention is to provide a rheology control agent that does not require lithium salts but provides comparable performance in terms of storage stability, resistance to sagging behavior, discoloration, and other properties. Another object of the present invention is to find a rheology control agent that results in outstanding resistance to sagging behavior. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] Surprisingly, it has been found that these objectives can be achieved by a composition containing a liquid carrier that is liquid at a temperature of 23°C, a urea component having a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol and dissolved in the liquid carrier, and an ionic compound, wherein the ionic compound contains at least one of CaCl2, MgCl2, SrCl2, carbamidyl azanium chloride, NaSCN, and NaBr, which are dissolved in the liquid carrier.

[0011] Carbamimidoylazanium chloride is CH5N3HCl (guanidine hydrochloride, CAS No. 50-01-1).

[0012] The urea component and ionic compound are dissolved in the liquid carrier. This means that the urea component, ionic compound, and liquid carrier form a solution, which is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. The urea component and ionic compound are completely or nearly completely dissolved in the liquid carrier without any dispersed or emulsified portions of the urea component or ionic compound. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] In one embodiment, the urea component having a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol comprises a urea-urethane compound. In another embodiment, the urea component contains a molecule comprising at least one urea group and at least one urethane group. In yet another embodiment, the urea component contains a molecule comprising at least one urea group and at least two urethane groups. In yet another embodiment, the urea component contains a molecule comprising at least two urea groups; in a different embodiment, the urea component comprises two urea groups and two urethane groups; and in yet another embodiment, the urea component contains a molecule comprising at least four urea groups or more than four urea groups. In a different embodiment, the urea component contains a molecule comprising at least two urea groups and at least two urethane groups. In different embodiments of the present invention, the urethane groups may be absent.

[0014] Depending on the context, the urea component according to claim 11 of International Publication No. 2015 / 158407, claim 13 of International Publication No. 2015 / 158407, claim 16 of International Publication No. 2015 / 158407, and claim 1 of European Patent Application Publication No. 1396510 may be used.

[0015] A preferred classification of urea components having a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol can be described according to the following general formula (U-1): R31-[R33-Z-R34-W-] n -R32 (U-1)

[0016] Here, R31 and R32 represent, independently of each other and independently in each instance, branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated organic groups containing 1 to 100 carbon atoms, each having one or fewer urea groups and each having one or fewer urethane groups.

[0017] R33 and R34, independently of each other and independently at each occurrence, represent a branched or unbranched polyester group containing 1 to 300 carbon atoms and optionally containing an ether group, a branched or unbranched polyether group containing 2 to 300 carbon atoms, a branched or unbranched polyamide group containing 1 to 300 carbon atoms, a polysiloxane group containing 3 to 100 silicon atoms, a branched or unbranched C2-C22 alkylene group, a branched or unbranched C2-C22 cycloalkylene group, a branched or unbranched C2-C18 alkenylene group, a C6-C12 arylene group, and / or a branched or unbranched C7-C22 arylalkylene group.

[0018] Z and W, independently of each other and independently when occurring multiple times, represent NH-CO-O and / or NH-CO-NH.

[0019] n represents an integer of 1 to 150, preferably 2 to 150, and when n occurs multiple times, n independently represents an integer of 1 to 150, preferably 2 to 150.

[0020] In another preferred embodiment, the urea component is selected from general formulas (U-2a), (U-2b), (U-2c), (U-2d), and (U-2e).

Chemical Formula

[0021] Herein, AM is selected from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic organic groups having 2 to 50 C atoms, and when AM occurs multiple times, AM is independently selected from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic organic groups having 2 to 50 C atoms.

[0022] AM1 and AM2, independently of each other and independently in the case of multiple occurrences, each represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic organic group having 1 to 50 C atoms.

[0023] IC1 and IC2, independently of each other and independently in the case of multiple occurrences, each represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon organic group having 2 to 40 C atoms.

[0024] IC3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon organic group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, and in the case where a plurality of IC3 are present, each IC3 independently represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon organic group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms.

[0025] IC4 is selected from the groups described for IC1 and IC2, or urethane groups comprising a segment having the following structure: -[IC2-NH-(C=O)-O-RP3-O-(C=O)-NH-IC2]-

[0026] Here, RP3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, and / or a (poly)ether group having 1 to 120 ether oxygen atoms, and / or a polyamide group having 1 to 100 amide groups, and / or a polysiloxane group having 3 to 100 silicon atoms, and / or a polyester group having 1 to 100 ester groups and optionally containing ether groups. When multiple RP3s appear, each RP3 independently represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, and / or a (poly)ether group having 1 to 120 ether oxygen atoms, and / or a polyamide group having 1 to 100 amide groups, and / or a polysiloxane group having 3 to 100 silicon atoms, and / or a polyester group having 1 to 100 ester groups and optionally containing ether groups.

[0027] RP1 and RP2 independently represent, and if multiple appear, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and / or a polyether group having 1 to 120 ether oxygen atoms, and / or a polyester group having 1 to 100 ester groups and optionally containing ether groups, and / or a polyamide group having 1 to 100 amide groups, and / or a polysiloxane group having 3 to 100 silicon atoms.

[0028] RP3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, and / or a (poly)ether group having 1 to 120 ether oxygen atoms, and / or a polyamide group having 1 to 100 amide groups, and / or a polysiloxane group having 3 to 100 silicon atoms, and / or a polyester group having 1 to 100 ester groups and optionally containing ether groups. When multiple RP3s appear, each RP3 independently represents one of the above groups.

[0029] m is an integer between 0 and 20, preferably between 1 and 20, more preferably between 1 and 5. p represents 0 and / or 1. q is an integer between 0 and 20.

[0030] Preferably, the urea component has a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol and has a structure according to formula (U-2a).

[0031] Here, RP1 is selected from the following: a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, or a polyether segment having up to 50 alkylene oxide repeating units, preferably segment Q-(O-AO) r The given structure is such that Q is a C1-C18 alkyl group or alkenyl group, AO is a C2H4 or C3H6 group, and r is an integer between 2 and 35.

[0032] IC1 and IC2 are preferably selected from one of the following divalent groups ("*" indicates a connection site): [ka]

[0033] AM is C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, C5H 10 , C6H 12 , C6H 10 , -CH2-C6H4-CH2-, or selected from the following groups: [ka]

[0034] Here, R x and R y This represents H or CH3.

[0035] In a very preferred embodiment of (U-2a), IC1 and / or IC2 are selected from the following: [ka]

[0036] More preferably, IC1 and IC2 are selected from the following: [ka]

[0037] In a very preferred embodiment of (U-2a), AM is selected from C2H4 and -CH2-C6H4-CH2-.

[0038] In a very preferred embodiment of (U-2a), m is an integer between 0 and 10. In a special embodiment, m is an integer between 1 and 5. In another embodiment, m is 0.

[0039] In another preferred embodiment, the urea component has a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol and has a structure according to formula (U-2b).

[0040] Preferred embodiments of IC1 and IC2 are those described for (U-2a), and in particular, C7H6 groups or -C6H4-CH2-C6H4- groups.

[0041] AM1 and AM2 are selected from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C24 alkyl or alkenyl groups, or C6H5-CH2- groups.

[0042] RP3 is selected from the following: a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a polyether segment having 1 to 40 ether oxygen atoms, preferably a polyether segment containing repeating units based on 1 to 30 ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.

[0043] In yet another preferred embodiment, the urea component has a structure according to formula (U-2c).

[0044] Preferred embodiments of AM1 and AM2 are those described for (U-2b).

[0045] A preferred embodiment of AM is as described for (U-2a).

[0046] IC4 is selected from the groups described for IC1 and IC2, or from urethane groups including segments having the following structures: -[IC2-NH-(C=O)-O-RP3-O-(C=O)-NH-IC2]- Here, IC2 is defined as described for (U-2a), and RP3 is defined as described for (U-2b).

[0047] For (U-2c), it is particularly preferable that IC4 be selected from C7H6 groups, -C6H4-CH2-C6H4- groups, and the following groups: -[IC2-NH-(C=O)-O-RP3-O-(C=O)-NH-IC2]- Here, IC2 represents a C7H6 group or a -C6H4-CH2-C6H4- group, and RP3 represents a polyether segment containing 1 to 30 repeating units based on ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of (U-2c), q is an integer from 0 to 15, more preferably from 0 to 7, most preferably from 0 to 4, for example, 1 to 4.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, at least 50% by weight of the urea component having a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol has a structure according to formula (U-2a) or (U-2c).

[0050] In a very preferred embodiment, at least 50% by weight of all urea components having a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol has a structure according to formula (U-2a), where m is 0 or m is 1 to 5; very preferably, m is 0.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the urea component having a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol is a urea urethane, and 95 to 100% by weight of the component comprises at least one molecular segment of general formula (U-3a): -O-CO-NH-Y1-NH-CO-NH- (U-3a) Here, Y1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched hydrocarbon group containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and if Y1 appears multiple times, Y1 independently represents a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched hydrocarbon group containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Furthermore, in each case, the molecular segment of general formula (U-3b) is not included. -O-CO-NH-Y2-NH-CO-O- (U-3b) Here, Y2 represents a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched hydrocarbon group containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms. When Y2 appears multiple times, each Y2 independently represents a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched hydrocarbon group containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0052] The synthesis of urea components having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 400 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol can be carried out directly, as appropriate, in the presence of a liquid carrier and an ionic compound. In another embodiment, a component having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 400 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol is synthesized in the presence of a liquid carrier, and the ionic compound is added afterward. In yet another embodiment, a component having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 400 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol is synthesized in the presence of an ionic compound and a liquid carrier, and a second liquid carrier different from the first liquid carrier is added afterward. In yet another embodiment, a component having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 400 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol is synthesized in the presence of a first ionic compound and a liquid carrier, and a second amount of the same ionic compound, or a second ionic compound different from the first ionic compound, is added afterward.

[0053] The urea component has a number-average molecular weight of 400 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol. Preferably, the urea component has a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of at least 400 g / mol, preferably at least 500 g / mol. More preferably, the number-average molecular weight is greater than 600 g / mol, even more preferably greater than 650 g / mol, and most preferably greater than 800 g / mol. Furthermore, the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the urea component is preferably less than 20,000 g / mol, more preferably less than 10,000 g / mol, and most preferably less than 8,000 g / mol. Preferably, the number-average molecular weight (Mn) is in the range of 650 g / mol to 20,000 g / mol, more preferably in the range of 800 g / mol to 8,000 g / mol, and even more preferably in the range of 800 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol.

[0054] In a further preferred embodiment, the number-average molecular weight of the urea component is at least 800 g / mol, preferably 1000 g / mol, preferably at least 1500 g / mol, preferably in the range of 1500 g / mol to 20000 g / mol, more preferably in the range of 1500 g / mol to 8000 g / mol, and even more preferably in the range of 1500 to 5000 g / mol.

[0055] The number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (eluent: lithium bromide solution in dimethylacetamide (content 5 g / L), standard: polymethyl methacrylate, column temperature: 50°C) according to DIN ENISO 13885-2 (November 2021). Alternatively, the number-average molecular weight can be determined by calculation. In addition, for low molecular weights up to 1000 g / mol, the number-average molecular weight can be determined by other methods, such as mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

[0056] Preferably, the urea component dissolved in the liquid carrier, having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 400 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol, is not crosslinked. A typical example of a crosslinked component is an elastomer. It is preferable that the urea component does not contain crosslinked sections, and furthermore, that the urea component is not an elastomer, or does not contain an elastomer.

[0057] The composition according to the present invention contains a liquid carrier that is liquid at a temperature of 23°C and 10¹³ mbar.

[0058] Preferably, the liquid carrier is an organic solvent. More preferably, the liquid carrier is an organic aprotic solvent. Also preferably, the liquid carrier is a polar organic solvent.

[0059] More preferably, the liquid carrier is an organic polar aprotic solvent.

[0060] The liquid carrier may optionally contain a compound having at least one of an N-substituted amide group and a sulfoxide group.

[0061] Preferably, the liquid carrier contains at least one of an amide group and a sulfoxide group, where the amide nitrogen of the amide group has two substituents, the substituents being selected from aliphatic groups and aromatic groups. Optionally, the amide nitrogen of the amide group may have two substituents, in which case the amide group cannot be an NH amide group.

[0062] The liquid carrier may optionally contain at least one of the following: N-substituted cyclic amides, acyclic dialkylamides of monofunctional and difunctional carboxylic acids, N-acylmorpholines, and sulfoxides.

[0063] Suitable liquid carriers include, for example, the following N-substituted cyclic amides: N-alkyl lactams, preferably N-alkylbutyrolactams, N-alkylvalerolactams, and N-alkylcaprolactams, where the alkyl group has, as appropriate, 1 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, as well as hydroxyalkyl lactams (e.g., hydroxyethylpyrrolidone) and N-cycloalkyl lactams. A cyclic amide is an amide in which the amide nitrogen and amide carbonyl carbon are part of the cyclic structure.

[0064] Suitable examples of N-alkylbutyrolactams are N-methylbutyrolactam, N-ethylbutyrolactam, N-butylbutyrolactam, N-octylbutyrolactam, and N-hydroxyethylbutyrolactam. N-cyclohexylbutyrolactam is a further suitable example. Suitable examples of N-substituted caprolactams are N-ethylcaprolactam, N-methylcaprolactam, N-butylcaprolactam, and N-propylcaprolactam.

[0065] Further suitable liquid carriers are acyclic dialkylamides of monofunctional and difunctional carboxylic acids: N,N-dialkylamides of C1-C18 monocarboxylic acids, bis(N,N-dialkyl)amides of C1-C18 dicarboxylic acids; optionally, these carboxylic acids include hydroxyl groups, ether groups, or ester groups, such as N,N-dialkylamide alkyl esters, N,N-dialkylamide alkyl ethers, N,N-dialkyllactamides, etc. Sulfoxides are also suitable, preferably dimethyl sulfoxides. An acyclic amide is an amide in which both the amide nitrogen and the amide carbonyl carbon are not part of a cyclic structure. Under this definition, for example, N-formylmorpholine is considered an acyclic amide.

[0066] Further suitable liquid carriers are acyclic amides available from the reaction of diamines with monocarboxylic acids. Suitable examples are the reaction products of C1-C18 monocarboxylic acids with C2-C12 alkylenediamines.

[0067] Suitable liquid carriers also include linear amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylamides of C3-C18 monocarboxylates (preferably N,N-dimethylamides of C6-C10 monocarboxylic acids), N,N-dialkylamide alkyl esters, N,N-dialkylamide alkyl ethers, and acylmorpholines.

[0068] These preferred examples also include N,N-dimethylamide alkyl esters, N,N-dimethylamide alkyl ethers, N-formylmorpholine, and N-acetylmorpholine.

[0069] Further suitable carriers are preferably used in combination with at least one liquid carrier containing at least one of an amide group and a sulfoxide group, and include N-acetylcaprolactam, epsilon-caprolactam, and 2-pyrrolidone.

[0070] It is preferable that the liquid carrier contains at least one of the following: N-alkyllactam, N-cycloalkyllactam, acyclic dialkylamides of monofunctional and difunctional carboxylic acids, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dialkyllactamide, N,N-dialkylamide alkyl ester, N,N-dialkylamide alkyl ether, and N-acylmorpholine.

[0071] In another preferred embodiment, the liquid carrier contains at least one of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyllactamide (2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide), or an organic solvent.

[0072] The composition may contain 5.0 to 90.0% by weight of the liquid carrier, based on the total weight of the liquid carrier, urea component, and ionic compound.

[0073] Preferably, the composition contains the liquid carrier in an amount of 10.0 to 90.0% by weight, more preferably 15.0 to 85.0% by weight, even more preferably 25.0 to 80.0% by weight, and most preferably 27.0 to 75.0% by weight. Particularly preferred ranges are 35.0 to 75.0% by weight, 40.0 to 75.0% by weight, and 45.0 to 75.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the urea component, liquid carrier, and ionic compound.

[0074] In a special embodiment, the composition contains at least two liquid carriers that are different from each other, provided that one of the liquid carriers is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the second liquid carrier contains at least one dialiphatic-substituted amide group. The weight ratio of DMSO is preferably at least 1%, preferably at least 2%, more preferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 7%, and most preferably at least 10%, based on the total weight of DMSO and the second liquid carrier containing at least one dialiphatic-substituted amide group. Alternatively, the weight ratio of DMSO is preferably at most 60%, preferably at most 50%, more preferably at most 45%, even more preferably at most 40%, most preferably at most 35%, for example at most 30%, based on the total weight of DMSO and the second liquid carrier containing at least one dialiphatic-substituted amide group.

[0075] The composition contains an ionic compound, where the ionic compound contains at least one of CaCl2 (calcium chloride), MgCl2 (magnesium chloride), SrCl2 (strontium chloride), carbamimidoylazanium chloride, NaSCN (sodium thiocyanate), and NaBr (sodium bromide), dissolved in a liquid carrier. Preferably, the composition contains at least one of CaCl2, MgCl2, and carbamimidoylazanium chloride. More preferably, the composition contains at least one of CaCl2 and MgCl2. Most preferably, the composition contains CaCl2. Generally, the ionic compound may exist in an anhydrous form. Hydrated forms, particularly higher hydrated forms, such as monohydrate, dihydrate, tetrahydrate, and hexahydrate of CaCl2, may also be used, but are not particularly preferred.

[0076] The composition optionally contains 0.01 to 15.00% by weight of an ionic compound, based on the total weight of the liquid carrier, a urea component having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol, and the ionic compound.

[0077] Preferably, the composition contains the ionic compound in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 7.5% by weight, even more preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, and most preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by weight, for example, 0.2 to 3.0% by weight or 0.3 to 3.0% by weight.

[0078] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition does not contain a salt selected from lithium salts. If the composition does not contain a lithium salt, the lithium salt content is preferably not more than 1.00% by weight, more preferably not more than 0.50% by weight, and preferably not more than 0.30% by weight, for example, not more than 0.10% or 0.01% by weight, based on the weight of the total composition. In another preferred embodiment, the composition contains only a trace amount of lithium, for example, lithium salt is not intentionally added to the composition. In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition is essentially lithium salt-free. Preferably, the lithium salt discussed in this paragraph is selected from lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3), and very preferably, the lithium salt is lithium chloride (LiCl). In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition does not contain a lithium salt but contains at least an ionic liquid.

[0079] In other embodiments, the composition further contains an ionic liquid. The term “ionic liquid” as used herein is understood to mean an organic salt or mixture of organic salts that is liquid at room temperature (23°C) and 10¹³ mbar, where organic salts, or ionic compounds, and common salts are solid at 23°C and 10¹³ mbar and have a crystalline structure.

[0080] The cations of the ionic liquid used are preferably based on ammonium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, pyrrolium, oxazolium, oxazolinium, imidazolium, thiazolium, or phosphonium ions, and mixtures thereof. Cations based on imidazolium and oxazolium ions are particularly preferred.

[0081] The anion is preferably selected from alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfates, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates, phosphates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfates, tosylates, alkyl borates, haloborates such as tetrafluoroborate, haloaluminates such as tetrachloroaluminate, carboxylates such as acetate and trifluoroacetate, perchlorates, and mixtures thereof. Alkyl sulfates, tosylates, and acetates are particularly preferred.

[0082] The composition may optionally contain at least one ionic liquid having a cation selected from imidazolium and oxazolium, and an anion selected from alkyl sulfate, tosylate, tetrafluoroborate, and acetate.

[0083] The composition may optionally contain an ionic compound in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 15.0% by weight, based on the weights of the urea component, the liquid carrier, and the ionic compound. More preferably, the composition may contain an ionic compound in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 12.0% by weight, even more preferably from 0.4 to 10.0% by weight, and most preferably from 0.5 to 8.0% by weight, based on the weights of the urea component, the liquid carrier, and the ionic compound.

[0084] It is more preferable that the composition contains a urea component and an ionic compound in a weight ratio of 2:1 to 120:1. More preferably, the composition contains a urea component and an ionic compound in a weight ratio of 3:1 to 60:1, even more preferably 4:1 to 50:1, for example, 5:1 to 35:1 or 5:1 to 20:1.

[0085] It is even more preferable that the composition contains the urea group of the urea component and the ionic compound in a molar ratio of 0.5:1 to 10:1. More preferably, the composition contains the urea group of the urea component and the ionic compound in a molar ratio of 0.6:1 to 9:1, even more preferably 0.7:1 to 8:1, for example 0.8:1 to 7:1 or 0.9:1 to 6:1. Particularly preferred is a molar ratio of 1:1 to 5:1, for example 1:1 to 3:1, between the urea group of the urea component and the ionic compound.

[0086] Generally, the composition is liquid at 23°C and 1013 mbar.

[0087] The composition is determined based on the total weight of the urea component, liquid carrier, and ionic compound. 5.0-60.0% by weight of urea component, Liquid carriers of 5.0 to 90.0% by weight, and 0.1 to 15.0% by weight of ionic compounds, It is preferable that it contains [the specified ingredient].

[0088] The composition is determined based on the total weight of the urea component, liquid carrier, and ionic compound. 7.5-55.0% by weight of urea component, Liquid carriers of 10.0 to 90.0% by weight, and 0.2 to 12.0% by weight of ionic compounds, It is more preferable that it contains [the necessary ingredient / material].

[0089] The composition is determined based on the total weight of the urea component, liquid carrier, and ionic compound. 10.0-52.5% by weight of urea component, Liquid carriers of 15.0-85.0% by weight, and 0.4-10.0% by weight of ionic compounds, It is even more preferable that it contains [the specified ingredient].

[0090] The composition is determined based on the total weight of the urea component, liquid carrier, and ionic compound. 10.0-50.0% by weight of urea component, Liquid carriers of 25.0-80.0% by weight, and 0.5-8.0% by weight of ionic compounds, It is even more preferable that it contains [the specified ingredient].

[0091] The composition is determined based on the total weight of the urea component, liquid carrier, and ionic compound. 12.0-48.0% by weight of urea component, Liquid carriers of 27.0-75.0% by weight, and 0.7-7.5% by weight of ionic compounds, It is even more preferable that it contains [the specified ingredient].

[0092] In addition, the present invention relates to the use of compositions for controlling the rheology of liquid compositions. In the present invention, the term "liquid composition" refers to a composition, i.e., one comprising at least two substances that is liquid at 23°C and 10¹³ mbar. In the present invention, the term "liquid" refers to any liquid medium, regardless of its viscosity. Therefore, liquids include very low-viscosity media and high-viscosity media, such as paste materials.

[0093] The compositions of the present invention may be employed to control the rheology of various types of liquid compositions. Therefore, in one embodiment, the liquid composition may be an aqueous composition. The primary, or even sole, liquid diluent of the aqueous liquid composition is water. In addition, the aqueous liquid composition may contain a certain amount of organic diluent. The organic diluent may be the same as, or different from, at least one liquid carrier. The aqueous liquid composition preferably contains less than 35% by weight, preferably less than 25% by weight, more preferably less than 20% by weight, most preferably less than 10% by weight, or even less than 5% by weight of organic diluent, based on the total weight of the liquid composition. In a special embodiment, the aqueous liquid composition contains no organic diluent at all.

[0094] Generally, a liquid aqueous composition contains at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, and more preferably at least 20% by weight of water. In specific cases, a liquid aqueous composition may contain at least 25% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight of water. Generally, a liquid aqueous composition contains at most 90% by weight of water, for example, up to 80% by weight or up to 70% by weight of water. In special embodiments, a liquid aqueous composition contains up to 95% by weight, or even up to 97% by weight, up to 98% by weight, or up to 99% by weight of water.

[0095] In another embodiment, the liquid composition may be a non-aqueous composition. A non-aqueous liquid composition is essentially water-free. This means that the liquid composition contains water as appropriate, in an amount ranging from 0.0 to 10.0% by weight, preferably from 0.0 to 7.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid composition. More preferably, the non-aqueous liquid composition contains less than 5.0% by weight of water. For example, the liquid composition contains less than 3.0% by weight, or less than 1.0% by weight, of water based on the total weight of the liquid composition.

[0096] As appropriate, the liquid composition may be selected from coating compositions, clear coat compositions, lacquers, varnishes, plastic formulations, pigment pastes, effect pigment pastes, polymer formulations, sealant formulations, cosmetic formulations, home care or industrial care formulations (e.g., perfume and fragrance formulations), ceramic formulations, adhesive formulations, liquid formulations for use in gas and petroleum production, compositions for the manufacture of electrical components and circuits, liquid formulations for use in energy storage media, cleaning agents, potting compounds, building material formulations, lubricants, filler compounds, wax emulsions, metalworking fluids, metalworking articles, liquid compositions in the form of sprays, so-called deposition aids (e.g., for use in plant protection agents or for the general purpose of drift reduction), inks, printing inks and inkjet inks, or compositions that can be used as corrosion inhibitors in the fields of marine and protective coatings, and mixtures thereof.

[0097] Further liquid compositions that may utilize the compositions according to the present invention include solvent-based or solvent-free paints, printing inks and inks, and lacquers, such as lacquers for varnish coating plastics, wire enamels, floor coatings, coating compositions for coating food and seeds, and so-called color resists, such as color resists used in color filters in flat panel displays, such as liquid crystal displays. The field of applicable lacquers also includes paste-like materials having a very high proportion of solid components and a small proportion of liquid components, such as so-called pigment pastes or pastes based on effect pigments, such as metal effect pigments, such as aluminum pigments, silver pigments, brass pigments, zinc pigments, copper pigments, bronze pigments, such as gold bronze, fire-dyed bronze, or iron-aluminum oxide pigments. Examples of effect pigments include interference pigments or pearl pigments, metal oxide mica pigments, fish silver (fish scale foil), bismuth chloride oxide, or basic lead carbonate.

[0098] Plastic formulations may be liquid or non-liquid starting materials for producing plastic materials, which are preferably converted into duromers by a chemical crosslinking process ("curing"). Preferred plastic products include unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, acrylate resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, and formaldehyde resins (e.g., melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde). These can be cured under very different conditions, for example, at room temperature (cold curing system) or high temperature (hot curing system), with optional application of pressure ("closed mold" application, sheet molding compound, or bulk molding compound). PVC plastisol is also an example of a plastic formulation.

[0099] Cosmetic products may include various liquid compositions used in the so-called personal care or healthcare field, such as lotions, creams, pastes, toothpaste, foams, shaving foam, gels, shower gels, or active ingredients in gel formulations, as well as hair shampoos, liquid soaps, nail polish (nail varnish), lipsticks, and hair dyes.

[0100] A so-called wax emulsion is preferably a dispersion of particulate solid wax in water or an organic medium at room temperature.

[0101] The building material formulation may be a liquid or paste-like material used in the construction sector and which hardens after curing. Examples include hydraulic binders, such as concrete, cement, mortar, tile adhesives, and plaster.

[0102] Metalworking fluids may be cutting fluids, drilling fluids (such as those used in metal processing), forging fluids, or general lubricants. Other potential areas include mold release agents (often in the form of aqueous emulsions, e.g., for aluminum die casting and casting applications), casting washes (casting coatings), and metal surface treatment fluids (e.g., "surface finishing," surface treatment, and plating).

[0103] Lubricants are means used for lubrication, that is, they function to reduce friction and wear, and to provide power, cooling, vibration damping, sealing, and corrosion protection; liquid lubricants are preferred here.

[0104] Cleaning agents can be used to clean a wide range of objects, for example, in the fields of home care or industrial care. They result in or assist in the removal of impurities, residues, and deposits. Examples of cleaners include detergents (mainly for cleaning textiles, their precursors, leather, and dishes) and personal care items. Formulations containing perfumes and other fragrances (either as liquid ingredients or in sealed forms), such as perfume gels, also fall under this application field.

[0105] Liquid formulations used in gas and oil production are formulations used to develop and utilize mineral deposits. Drilling fluid or "drilling slurry" are preferred examples. Other applications include liquids used to prepare or carry out hydraulic fracturing processes, as well as liquids that support gas and oil production processes.

[0106] An adhesive can be any bonding material that is liquid under processing conditions and can join parts by surface adhesion and internal strength.

[0107] The liquid compositions of the present invention may further contain conventional additives. Examples of additives include antiblocking agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, pigments, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, additional rheological additives, UV absorbers, free radical scavengers, slip additives, defoamers, adhesion promoters, leveling agents, waxes, nanoparticles, film-forming aids, and flame retardants. Preferred additives include wetting agents, dispersants, and / or emulsifiers, as well as rheological additives different from those in the compositions of the present invention, such as clay-based thickeners (e.g., organic clays), (poly)amides, polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose derivatives, guar, xanthan gum), polyacrylates, or associative thickeners. In one example, the compositions of the present invention may be used in combination with other thickeners that affect the low shear performance, medium shear performance, and / or high shear performance of the liquid composition, requiring modification in terms of rheological behavior.

[0108] In further embodiments, the present invention also relates to a process for controlling the rheology of a liquid composition, which includes the steps of: providing a composition according to the present invention; providing a liquid composition; and mixing the composition according to the present invention with the liquid composition. Suitable liquid compositions are, but are not limited to, the liquid compositions described above. The step of mixing the components may be carried out according to current processes known to those skilled in the art. This may involve, but is not limited to, mixing by manual or electrical means. Mixing involves combining the compositions and applying a shear force to the combined composition.

[0109] In another embodiment, the present invention deals with the use of ionic compounds, which include at least one of CaCl2, MgCl2, SrCl2, carbamidyl azanium chloride, NaSCN, and NaBr, for improving the solubility of urea components having a number-average molecular weight Mn of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol dissolved in a liquid carrier. Improving solubility may mean reducing or preventing precipitation of the urea component, reducing or preventing gel formation, and / or maintaining the solubility of the urea component over a long period of time.

[0110] The present invention further deals with liquid compositions comprising the composition according to the present invention and at least one binder. A binder is generally a material that can form a layer on a substrate. Examples of binders include organic polymers and resins, prepolymers, and monomers that can form polymers. The binder may be of natural origin or synthetic origin, or it may be a synthetically modified natural material. Suitable binders include at least one of alkyd resins (e.g., short-chain, medium-chain, or long-chain oil alkyds), ​​unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, acrylate resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, polyaspartic resins, phenolic binders, silicones, chlorinated rubber, vinyl binders, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl acetate), saturated polyester binders, polyacrylate and acrylate copolymers, urea and melamine resins, silicate binders, cellulose binders, and silyl-modified polymers. Preferred binders include at least one of the following: alkyd resins (such as short-chain, medium-chain, or long-chain oil alkyds), ​​unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, acrylate resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, polyacrylate and acrylate copolymers, polyaspartic resins, and silyl-modified polymers.

[0111] These binders may preferably be solvent-based, solvent-free, or aqueous binders. Solvent-based and aqueous binders may be provided as solutions, emulsions, or dispersions. Therefore, the binders described above also include aqueous binder systems, such as styrene-acrylic dispersions, urethane-acrylic dispersions, and alkyd emulsions. Binders also include non-aqueous dispersion (NAD) systems.

[0112] The weight ratio of the binder to the composition of the present invention is generally in the range of 3:97 to 97:3, and preferably 7:93 to 93:7.

[0113] It is even more preferable that the liquid composition contains the composition of the present invention in an amount of 0.01 to 10.00% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 7.00% by weight, and most preferably 0.10 to 5.00% by weight, based on the total liquid composition.

[0114] Another subject of the present invention is a coated article, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the article is coated with the liquid composition. In different embodiments, a coated article may be obtained by the steps of providing an article, providing a liquid composition according to the present invention, and coating at least a portion of the surface of the article with the liquid composition.

[0115] Furthermore, in a further different embodiment, the present invention relates to a coated article, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the article is coated with the liquid composition according to the present invention, and the liquid composition is hardened. In another embodiment, the coated article may be obtained by the steps of providing an article, providing a liquid composition according to the present invention, coating at least a portion of the surface of the article with the liquid composition, and hardening the liquid composition.

[0116] Suitable articles are all three-dimensional objects, regardless of their size and volume, and whether they are movable or stationary. Exemplary but not limited to, examples include interior and exterior finishes of buildings, flooring, furniture, vehicles used for transport (e.g., automobiles, bicycles, boats, aircraft, agricultural machinery, and all kinds of cargo vehicles), bridges and tunnels, machinery and production equipment, electrical equipment, cans, metal coils, wires, containers, household goods and hardware, pulp and paper, and all kinds of articles made of wood, metal, plastic, or glass (e.g., functional or decorative). The meaning of the term "coating" is well known to those skilled in the art. In this context, it relates to applying a liquid composition onto the surface or other area of ​​the article to at least partially cover it, or even to encase the entire article. In this case, the liquid composition hardens or hardens after it has been applied to the article. Hardening means converting the liquid composition into a solid state. This can be achieved by evaporation (physical drying) or chemical cross-linking reaction (curing) of the liquid diluent, or a combination thereof. [Examples]

[0117] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. The selection of each reaction condition, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, and dropping rate, is known to those skilled in the art and is illustrated in more detail in the test examples.

[0118] Experiment Department Intermediate Formation [Table 1]

[0119] Preparation of intermediates I1-I4: [Table 2]

[0120] Intermediates I1-I4 Intermediate I1-I4: 2 moles of TDI T65, TDI T80, or TDI T100 and 200 ppm of benzoyl chloride were weighed into a glass flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet tube, and heated to 40°C. Then, 1 mole of monoalcohol (according to Table 2 above) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture over 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60°C for a further 5 hours. A clear, pale yellow liquid untreated intermediate containing excess diisocyanate was obtained. The excess diisocyanate contained in the obtained untreated reaction product was removed by distillation to obtain intermediates I1-I4.

[0121] Examples Common synthesis protocols (C1-C26, E1-E17): In a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, the liquid carrier and stabilizer (ionic compound or lithium chloride) were heated to 60°C under a nitrogen atmosphere with stirring. m-xylylenediamine (MXDA) was added and the mixture was homogenized. Intermediates I1, I3, or a mixture of intermediates I1 and I2 were added dropwise within 30 minutes with stirring, ensuring the temperature did not exceed 65°C. The molar ratio of one or more intermediates to m-xylylenediamine was 2:1. The mixture was then stirred at 80°C for 3 hours. A clear, yellowish article was obtained. The exact quantities are shown in Table 3-1. The liquid carrier is specified in Table 3-2.

[0122] [Table 3]

[0123] [Table 4]

[0124] Comparative example rheological additive C27: In a glass flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet tube, 67.9 g of 1-butylpyrrolidine-2-one was heated to 60°C with stirring. Subsequently, 2.55 g of 1,3-diaminopropane (34.4 mmol) was added and homogenized for a short time. A homogeneous mixture of 29.3 g of intermediate I4 (64.1 mmol) and 276 mg of hexamethylene diisocyanate (1.64 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture over 25 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80°C for a further 3 hours. A clear, yellow liquid was obtained, which showed solid precipitation after storage at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0125] Comparative example rheological additive C28: In a glass flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet tube, 0.732 g of lithium chloride (17.3 mmol) was dissolved in 67.2 g of butylpyrrolidine-2-one with stirring at 60°C for 30 minutes to obtain a clear solution. Subsequently, 2.55 g of 1,3-diaminopropane (34.4 mmol) was added and homogenized for a short time. A homogeneous mixture of 29.3 g of intermediate I4 (64.1 mmol) and 276 mg of hexamethylene diisocyanate (1.64 mmol) was added dropwise over 25 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80°C for 3 hours. A clear, yellow liquid was obtained, which showed solid precipitation after storage at room temperature for 2 weeks.

[0126] Rheological additive E18 of the example: In a glass flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet tube, 1.92 g of calcium chloride (17.3 mmol) was dissolved in 66.0 g of butylpyrrolidine-2-one with stirring at 60°C for 30 minutes to obtain a clear solution. Subsequently, 2.55 g of 1,3-diaminopropane (34.4 mmol) was added and homogenized in a short time. A homogeneous mixture of 29.3 g of intermediate I4 (64.1 mmol) and 276 mg of hexamethylene diisocyanate (1.64 mmol) was added dropwise over 25 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80°C for 3 hours. A clear, yellow liquid was obtained.

[0127] Storage stability: 100 g of each example and comparative example was stored in a sealed glass bottle at room temperature (23°C) until any optical change was observed. Optical changes included gelation and / or precipitation of the material.

[0128] [Table 5]

[0129] Table 4 shows that Examples E1-18 exhibit significantly improved or equivalent storage stability compared to their corresponding Comparative Examples C1-28.

[0130] Application test:

[0131] The values ​​shown in Tables 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 represent the amount of raw materials, either by weight percentage based on the total composition or, in the case of a two-component system, by weight percentage based on components A and B.

[0132] [Table 6]

[0133] Test 1: Whitening phenomenon in water-based two-component PU clear coat A two-component aqueous PU clear coat was prepared using the formulation shown in Table 6. All components of Component A were added to a PE beaker under stirring conditions and homogenized for 10 minutes at room temperature (23°C) using a Dispermat LC3 (VMA Getzmann) at 1000 rpm on a 4 cm diameter toothed plate. Subsequently, the pH of Component A was adjusted to pH 8.2-8.5 with DMEA solution (10% in water). Component B was prepared under similar stirring conditions. Component A was divided into smaller portions (50 g in a 175 ml PE beaker), and the sample according to the present invention was incorporated at a urea component addition amount of 0.5% by weight (calculated relative to the total amount of lacquer) using a Dispermat LC3 (VMA Getzmann) at 1500 rpm on a 2.5 cm diameter toothed plate while stirring for 5 minutes at room temperature (23°C).

[0134] After being stored overnight at room temperature, component B was added in a specific mixing ratio and homogenized by stirring with a spatula. The sample was applied to glass with a wet film thickness of 120 μm using a frame film applicator (BYK-Gardner GmbH) and dried at room temperature for one week. For the whitening test, a water-impregnated household sponge (2 cm x 2 cm) was placed on the lacquer film for 24 hours. Immediately after removing the sponge and drying, the whitening of the lacquer film was visually evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5, from no whitening (rating "1") to severe whitening (rating "5").

[0135] [Table 7]

[0136] [Table 8]

[0137] The control without rheological additives exhibited low viscosity, while the samples containing rheological additives C18-C22 and E11-E15 showed significantly higher viscosity. From Table 7, it was found that the rheological additives E11-E15 in the examples showed a similar degree of whitening of the aqueous clear coat as the rheological additives C18-C22 in the comparative examples.

[0138] Test 2: Sagging resistance of aqueous acrylic dispersions The film-forming aid Texanol was incorporated into the acrylic dispersion using the formulation shown in Table 8. Texanol was added using a Dispermat LC3 (VMA Getzmann) at 1000 rpm and a 4 cm diameter toothed plate, while stirring for 5 minutes at room temperature (23°C). Subsequently, the material was divided into smaller portions (50 g in 100 ml glass bottles), and the sample according to the example was incorporated using a Dispermat LC3 (VMA Getzmann) at 1500 rpm and a 2.5 cm diameter toothed plate, with a urea component content of 0.5% by weight (calculated relative to the total amount of lacquer), while stirring for 5 minutes at room temperature (23°C). After being stored overnight at room temperature, the samples were applied to a wet film thickness of 50–500 μm using a stepped doctor blade Model 421 / S (Erichsen GmbH & Co KG) for sagging resistance testing. Application was performed on a contrast card 2801 (BYK-Gardner GmbH) using an automated application device byko-drive XL (BYK-Gardner GmbH) at an application speed of 50 mm / s. Immediately after application, the drawdown (sagging coating) was suspended vertically at room temperature until it dried. After drying, sagging resistance was visually evaluated. Therefore, the wet film thickness was considered to be one that showed clear separation of the drawdown after drying, did not show flow (runners), and did not show blister formation between the applied film thicknesses.

[0139] [Table 9]

[0140] [Table 10]

[0141] Table 9 shows that Examples E10 to E16 according to the present invention exhibit significantly improved sagging resistance compared to the control without rheological additives. Furthermore, in aqueous acrylic dispersion systems, they exhibit comparable or relatively good sagging resistance compared to the comparative rheological additives C18 to C22 and C24.

[0142] Test 3: Rheological effects in water and water mixtures 50 g of deionized water (DI water) and a water mixture were each filled into 100 ml glass bottles. The composition of the water mixture is shown in Table 10. The sample according to the example was incorporated into water with an added amount of 0.5% by weight of urea component (calculated relative to the total mixture), and into the water mixture with an added amount of 0.75% by weight of urea component (calculated relative to the total mixture), using a Dispermat LC3 (VMA Getzmann), 1500 rpm, and a toothed plate with a diameter of 2.5 cm, while stirring for 5 minutes at room temperature (23°C). After being stored overnight at room temperature, the sample was evaluated for gel strength and turbidity. Gel strength was evaluated visually and could vary from strong gel (gel strength rating "1") to no gel (gel strength rating "5"). Turbidity could vary from clear (turbidity rating "1") to heavily turbid (turbidity rating "5").

[0143] [Table 11]

[0144] The components were mixed and stirred for 2 minutes at room temperature using a Dispermat LC3 (VMA Getzmann) at 1500 rpm and a 2.5 cm diameter toothed plate to homogenize them.

[0145] [Table 12]

[0146] Table 11 shows that the rheological additives E10 to E16 of the examples exhibited equivalent or relatively good gel strength and / or equivalent or relatively low turbidity in deionized water and in aqueous mixtures, compared to the rheological additives C18 to C22 and C24 of the comparative examples.

[0147] Test 4: Sagging resistance of solvent-based polyester-melamine white coating A solvent-based polyester-melamine white coating was prepared using the formulations shown in Table 12. The white coating was divided into small portions (50g in a 100ml glass bottle), and the sample from the example was incorporated at a urea component addition amount of 0.25% by weight (calculated relative to the total amount of lacquer) using a Dispermat LC3 (VMA Getzmann) at 1500 rpm with a 2.5cm diameter toothed plate while stirring for 5 minutes at room temperature (23°C).

[0148] After being stored overnight at room temperature, the samples were applied to a wet film thickness of 50–500 μm using a stepped doctor blade Model 421 / S (Erichsen GmbH & Co KG) for sagging resistance testing. The application was carried out on a 300 mm × 200 mm black KTL coated steel plate (Franz Kruppel Industriebedarf GmbH) using an automated applicator byko-drive XL (BYK-Gardner GmbH) at an application speed of 50 mm / s. Immediately after application, the drawdown (downward-sloping coating) was suspended vertically at room temperature for a flash-off time of 15 minutes. Subsequently, the plate was baked upright in a convection oven Binder FDL 115 (Binder GmbH) at 140°C for 20 minutes before visual evaluation of sagging resistance was performed. Therefore, the wet film thickness was considered to show clear separation of the drawdown after drying, no flow (runners), and no blister formation between the applied film thicknesses.

[0149] [Table 13]

[0150] [Table 14]

[0151] Table 13 shows that the rheological additives E1 to E8 of the examples exhibited relatively good or equivalent sagging resistance compared to the rheological additives C2, C3, C4, C6, C8, C9, C11, and C13 of the comparative examples.

[0152] Experiment 5: Rheological effects in solvent mixtures 50 g each of the solvent mixtures from Table 14 was packed into 100 ml glass bottles. The sample from the example was incorporated with a urea component addition of 1.0 wt% (calculated relative to the amount of solvent) using a Dispermat LC3 (VMA Getzmann), 1500 rpm, on a 2.5 cm diameter toothed plate, while stirring for 5 minutes at room temperature (23°C). After being stored overnight at room temperature, the sample was evaluated for gel strength and turbidity. Gel strength was evaluated visually and could vary from strong gel (gel strength rating "1") to no gel (gel strength rating "5"). Turbidity could vary from clear (turbidity rating "1") to heavily turbid (turbidity rating "5").

[0153] [Table 15]

[0154] [Table 16]

[0155] Table 15 shows that the rheological additives E1-E6 and E8 in the examples exhibited significantly increased gel strength compared to the control without rheological additives. Furthermore, the rheological additives E1-E6 and E8 in the examples showed similar gel strength and comparable or relatively low impact on turbidity compared to the rheological additives C2, C3, C4, C6, C8, C9, C11, and C13 in the comparative examples.

[0156] Test 6: Settlement prevention test (Sineresis) The raw materials were weighed into 250 ml glass bottles according to the formulations in Table 16 and pre-mixed with a spatula. Dispersion was performed on a paint shaker (Andalok model Nathalie) for 20 minutes. After shaking, a portion of the sample was transferred to a 100 ml roll-edge snap-cover glass tube and stored at room temperature for 24 hours. The filling height in the glass tube was 10 cm. After 1 day of storage, the syneresis of the sample was evaluated by measuring the height of the supernatant liquid formed on the sample. The higher the syneresis value, the more Guar Gum 5300 settled in the sample.

[0157] [Table 17]

[0158] [Table 18]

[0159] From Table 17, it was found that the rheological additive E18 in the example showed similar syneresis results to the rheological additive C28 in the comparative example.

Claims

1. A composition, the following: - A liquid carrier that is liquid at a temperature of 23°C. - A urea component, which is dissolved in the liquid carrier and has a number-average molecular weight Mn of 400 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol, - An ionic compound, wherein the ionic compound is dissolved in the liquid carrier, CaCl ２ , MgCl ２ , SrCl ２ , an ionic compound comprising at least one of carbamidoylazanium chloride, NaSCN, and NaBr, A composition containing the following:

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains 0.0 to 1.0% by weight of a lithium salt.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid carrier is an organic solvent.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the liquid carrier contains a compound having at least one of an N-substituted amide group and a sulfoxide group.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the liquid carrier contains at least one of N-alkyllactam, N-cycloalkyllactam, acyclic dialkylamide of monofunctional and difunctional carboxylic acids, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dialkyllactamide, N,N-dialkylamide alkyl ester, N,N-dialkylamide alkyl ether, and N-acylmorpholine.

6. The composition is CaCl ２ and MgCl ２ A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising at least one of the following.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition contains the ionic compound in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the urea component, the liquid carrier, and the ionic compound.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the component having a number average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 g / mol to 30000 g / mol comprises at least one of formulas U-2a, U-2b, U-2c, U-2d, and U-2e: 【Chemistry 1】 Here, AM is selected from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or aliphatic aromatic organic groups having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, and if multiple AMs appear, AM is independently selected from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, or aliphatic aromatic organic groups having 2 to 50 carbon atoms. AM1 and AM2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic groups having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, independently of each other and, if multiple appear, independently of each other. IC1 and IC2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon organic groups having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, independently of each other, and if multiple ICs appear, independently of each other. IC3 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon organic group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms. When multiple IC3s appear, each IC3 is independently a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon organic group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms. IC4 is selected from the groups described for IC1 and IC2, or from urethane groups including segments having the following structure: -[IC2-NH-(C=O)-O-RP3-O-(C=O)-NH-IC2]- Here, RP3 is a polyester group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, being linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic group, and / or a (poly)ether group having 1 to 120 ether oxygen atoms, and / or a polyamide group having 1 to 100 amide groups, and / or a polysiloxane group having 3 to 100 silicon atoms, and / or a polyester group having 1 to 100 ester groups and optionally containing ether groups, and there are multiple RP3s. If present, RP3 is independently a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, and / or a (poly)ether group having 1 to 120 ether oxygen atoms, and / or a polyamide group having 1 to 100 amide groups, and / or a polysiloxane group having 3 to 100 silicon atoms, and / or a polyester group having 1 to 100 ester groups and optionally containing ether groups. RP1 and RP2 are, independently of each other and, if multiple appear, independently of each other, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and / or polyether groups having 1 to 120 ether oxygen atoms, and / or polyester groups having 1 to 100 ester groups and optionally containing ether groups, and / or polyamide groups having 1 to 100 amide groups, and / or polysiloxane groups having 3 to 100 silicon atoms. RP3 is a polyester group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, being linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic group, and / or a (poly)ether group having 1 to 120 ether oxygen atoms, and / or a polyamide group having 1 to 100 amide groups, and / or a polysiloxane group having 3 to 100 silicon atoms, and / or a polyester group having 1 to 100 ester groups and optionally containing ether groups, and multiple RP3s appear. In this case, RP3 is independently a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic aromatic organic group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, and / or a (poly)ether group having 1 to 120 ether oxygen atoms, and / or a polyamide group having 1 to 100 amide groups, and / or a polysiloxane group having 3 to 100 silicon atoms, and / or a polyester group having 1 to 100 ester groups and optionally containing ether groups. m is an integer between 0 and 20, p is 0 and / or 1, and q is an integer between 0 and 20.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the urea component contains at least two urea groups and at least two urethane groups.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the composition contains 5.0 to 60.0% by weight of the urea component, 5.0 to 90.0% by weight of the liquid carrier, and 0.1 to 15.0% by weight of the ionic compound, based on the total weight of the urea component, the liquid carrier, and the ionic compound.

11. A liquid composition comprising the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and at least one binder.

12. A method for controlling the rheology of a liquid composition, comprising the following steps: - To provide the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, - To provide at least one binder, - Mixing the composition and the binder, Methods that include...

13. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for controlling the rheology of a liquid composition.

14. The use of an ionic compound, wherein the ionic compound is used to improve the solubility of a urea component having a number average molecular weight Mn of 400 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol, which is dissolved in a liquid carrier, and CaCl ２ , MgCl ２ , SrCl ２ Uses include at least one of carbamimidoylazanium chloride, NaSCN, and NaBr.

15. A coated article wherein at least a portion of the surface of the article is coated with the liquid composition described in claim 11.

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