Mold transport cart

Abstract

To provide a carriage 22 for a mold 2 capable of contributing to manufacturing of a high-quality tire T.SOLUTION: A carriage 22 for a mold 2 carries a segment 10 forming a part of the mold 2 for a tire T. The carriage 22 comprises a placement table 24 on which the segment 10 can be placed, and a wheeled platform 26 that supports the placement table 24. The placement table 24 comprises a horizontal placement part 32 on which the segment 10 is placed in a state in which the segment 10 is horizontal, and an inclined placement part 34 on which the segment 10 is placed in a state in which the segment 10 is inclined. The inclined placement part 34 lies outside the horizontal placement part 32. The wheeled platform 26 comprises at least three casters 30.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a mold transport cart and a method for cleaning a mold, and more particularly to a mold transport cart and a method for cleaning a mold used in the manufacture of tires. [Background technology]

[0002] 7 shows an example of a general mold 2 used in manufacturing tires. The mold 2 includes a tread ring 4, a pair of side plates 6, and a pair of bead rings 8. The tread ring 4 is composed of a plurality of segments 10 and forms the tread surface of the tire T. Each side plate 6 forms a side surface of the tire T. Each bead ring 8 forms a bead portion of the tire T. This mold 2 is a split mold.

[0003] In the manufacture of tire T, tire T in an unvulcanized state, i.e., unvulcanized tire T, is placed in mold 2. Tire T is obtained by pressurizing and heating unvulcanized tire Tr in mold 2. Since a large number of tires T are manufactured in one mold 2, cavity surface 12 of mold 2 becomes dirty. Since the dirt affects the appearance quality of tire T, mold 2 is cleaned. In order to perform efficient and sufficient cleaning, various studies have been conducted on methods of cleaning mold 2 (for example, Patent Document 1 listed below).

[0004] The mold 2 is usually cleaned by blasting. In the blasting, for example, a projectile is sprayed toward the molding surface 14 of the segment 10. As a result, the molding surface 14 is polished and dirt adhering to the molding surface 14 is removed. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2015-136886 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In the blasting process, a nozzle that ejects the blast material is moved relative to the segments 10, while the blast material is sprayed onto the molding surface 14. In conventional cleaning methods, the segments 10 are fixed to a table, and only the nozzle is moved without moving the segments 10. As the nozzle swings widely, there is a concern that polishing spots will occur on the molding surface 14. The occurrence of polishing spots will affect the production of high-quality tires T.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and has an object to provide a mold transport cart and a mold cleaning method that can contribute to the production of high-quality tires. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A mold transport cart according to one embodiment of the present invention is a transport cart for transporting segments forming part of a tire mold. The transport cart includes a platform on which the segments are placed, and a cart that supports the platform. The platform includes a horizontal placement section on which the segments are placed in a horizontal position, and an oblique placement section on which the segments are placed in a diagonal position. The oblique placement section is located outside the horizontal placement section. The cart includes at least three casters.

[0009] Preferably, in the mold transport cart, the horizontal placement portion is composed of two rings arranged concentrically, the inner ring and the outer ring being aligned horizontally.

[0010] Preferably, in the mold transport cart, the oblique placement portion is composed of two rings arranged concentrically, the outer ring being positioned lower than the inner ring.

[0011] Preferably, in this mold transport cart, the ring positioned on the outer side of the horizontal placement portion also serves as the ring positioned on the inner side of the oblique placement portion.

[0012] Preferably, in this mold transport cart, the ring constituting the horizontal placement portion and the ring constituting the oblique placement portion are made of rubber.

[0013] A mold cleaning method according to one aspect of the present invention is a method for cleaning a segment forming part of a tire mold by blasting using a transport cart on which the segment can be placed in a horizontal position. This cleaning method includes the steps of setting the segment on the transport cart with the molding surface of the segment facing out, and spraying cleaning blast material from above the transport cart toward the molding surface while moving the transport cart to move the segment horizontally.

[0014] A mold cleaning method according to another aspect of the present invention is a method for cleaning a segment forming part of a tire mold by blasting using a transport cart on which the segment can be placed in an oblique position. This cleaning method includes the steps of setting the segment on the transport cart with its molding surface facing up, and spraying cleaning blast material from above or to the side of the transport cart toward the molding surface while moving the transport cart to move the segment horizontally. Effect of the Invention

[0015] According to the present invention, a mold transport cart and a mold cleaning method can be provided that can contribute to the production of high-quality tires. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mold transport cart according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the transport cart of FIG. [Diagram 3]FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating cleaning of a mold by blasting. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining cleaning of the mold. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a typical tire mold. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments with appropriate reference to the drawings.

[0018] Fig. 1 shows an example of a transport cart 22 for a mold 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention. For example, a mold 2 for a tire T shown in Fig. 7 is placed on the transport cart 22 for the mold 2 (hereinafter, transport cart 22). A segment 10 forming part of the mold 2 is placed on the transport cart 22 shown in Fig. 1. This transport cart 22 transports the segment 10. Although not described in detail, this transport cart 22 can also carry and transport a side plate 6 or a bead ring 8.

[0019] The transport cart 22 includes a mounting table 24 and a dolly 26. The segment 10 is placed on the mounting table 24. The dolly 26 supports the mounting table 24 on which the segment 10 is placed.

[0020] The dolly 26 includes a box frame 28 and casters 30. The box frame 28 is formed by combining a plurality of bars. In this transport dolly 22, the mounting base 24 is fixed to the upper part of the box frame 28. The casters 30 are attached to the lower part of the box frame 28. The lower part of the box frame 28 is rectangular, and the casters 30 are attached to each of the four corners. This dolly 26 includes four casters 30. As long as the box frame 28 and the mounting base 24 are stably supported, the number of casters 30 provided on the dolly 26 may be three. The number of casters 30 provided on the dolly 26 may be five or more. This dolly 26 includes at least three casters 30.

[0021] The casters 30 are wheels that can freely change direction. In the transport cart 22, commercially available casters are suitably used as the casters 30.

[0022] The placement table 24 includes a horizontal placement portion 32 and an oblique placement portion 34. The segment 10 is placed on the horizontal placement portion 32 in a horizontal state. As shown in Fig. 1, the segment 10 is placed on the horizontal placement portion 32 with its back surface facing the horizontal placement portion 32. In the transport cart 22, the segment 10 is set on the horizontal placement portion 32 with the molding surface 14 (i.e., the portion that forms the tread surface) of the segment 10 facing outward.

[0023] The segment 10 is placed at an angle on the oblique placement section 34. As shown in Fig. 1, the segment 10 is placed on the oblique placement section 34 with its back surface facing the oblique placement section 34. On the transport cart 22, the segment 10 is set on the oblique placement section 34 with the forming surface 14 of the segment 10 facing out.

[0024] Fig. 2 shows the transport cart 22, more specifically the mounting table 24, as viewed from above the transport cart 22. Fig. 3 shows a cross section taken along line CC in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 shows a cross section taken along line DD in Fig. 2.

[0025] As shown in Fig. 2, the horizontal placement section 32 is composed of two rings 36 arranged concentrically. The horizontal placement section 32 is circular. As shown in Fig. 3, the ring 36 located on the inside (hereinafter, the inner ring 36uy) and the ring 36 located on the outside (hereinafter, the outer ring 36sy) are aligned horizontally. In this transport cart 22, the horizontal placement section 32 may be composed of three or more rings 36.

[0026] 3, the position indicated by the symbol PUy is the upper end of the inner ring 36uy. The position indicated by the symbol PSy is the upper end of the outer ring 36sy. In this transport cart 22, the position of the upper end PUy of the inner ring 36uy coincides with the position of the upper end PSy of the outer ring 36sy in the up-down direction (or height direction). In other words, a plane including the upper end PUy of the inner ring 36uy and the upper end PSy of the outer ring 36sy extends horizontally.

[0027] As described above, the segments 10 are placed on the horizontal placement section 32. The number of segments 10 constituting the tread ring 4 of the mold 2 is usually 5 or more and 20 or less. This transport cart 22 is configured so that all of the segments 10 included in the mold 2 can be placed on the horizontal placement section 32. In other words, in this transport cart 22, all of the segments 10 included in the mold 2 are placed on the horizontal placement section 32. The interval between the inner ring 36uy and the outer ring 36sy is appropriately determined taking into account the size of the segments 10.

[0028] In this transport cart 22, the diagonal placement section 34 is located outside the horizontal placement section 32. As shown in FIG. 2, the diagonal placement section 34 is composed of two rings 36 arranged concentrically. The diagonal placement section 34 is circular. As shown in FIG. 4, the ring 36 located on the outside (hereinafter, outer ring 36sn) is located lower than the ring 36 located on the inside (hereinafter, inner ring 36un). In this transport cart 22, the diagonal placement section 34 may be composed of three or more rings 36. In this case, these rings 36 are arranged so that the ring 36 located on the outside is located lower than the ring 36 located on the inside.

[0029] In Fig. 4, the position indicated by the symbol PUn is the upper end of the inner ring 36un. The position indicated by the symbol PSn is the upper end of the outer ring 36sn. In this transport cart 22, the upper end PSn of the outer ring 36sn is located lower than the upper end PUn of the inner ring 36un in the vertical direction. The line segment connecting the upper end PUn of the inner ring 36un and the upper end PSn of the outer ring 36sn is inclined with respect to the horizontal direction.

[0030] As described above, the segments 10 are placed on the oblique placement section 34. The oblique placement section 34 is located outside the horizontal placement section 32. In other words, the oblique placement section 34 surrounds the horizontal placement section 32 from the outside. In this transport cart 22, all of the segments 10 included in the mold 2 are placed on the oblique placement section 34 as well.

[0031] In the transport cart 22, the mounting platform 24 includes a base plate 38 and a number of support plates 40 extending upward from the base plate 38. As shown in FIG. 2, the base plate 38 is disk-shaped. The support plates 40 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction on the radially outer portion of the base plate 38. In FIG. 2, the position indicated by the symbol PC is the center of the base plate 38. Lines CC and DD in FIG. 2 pass through the center PC of the base plate 38. The diameter of the base plate 38 is measured along the line CC or the line DD.

[0032] The multiple support plates 40 support the horizontal placement portion 32 and the oblique placement portion 34. In this transport cart 22, the outer ring 36sy of the horizontal placement portion 32 also serves as the inner ring 36un of the oblique placement portion 34. The horizontal placement portion 32 and the oblique placement portion 34 are composed of three rings 36. Each support plate 40 is provided with three support portions 42 to support the three rings 36. Each support portion 42 has a recess, into which the ring 36 is fitted.

[0033] Of the three support parts 42 provided on the support plate 40, the support part 42 located on the inside is the inner support part 42u. The support part 42 located on the outside is the outer support part 42s. The support part 42 between the inner support part 42u and the outer support part 42s is the middle support part 42m. In this transport cart 22, the inner ring 36uy of the horizontal placement part 32 located on the radial inside of the base plate 38 is fitted into the recess of the inner support part 42u. The outer ring 36sn of the diagonal placement part 34 located on the radial outside of the base plate 38 is fitted into the recess of the outer support part 42s. The outer ring 36sy of the horizontal placement part 32, which is located between the inner ring 36uy of the horizontal placement part 32 and the outer ring 36sn of the diagonal placement part 34 and also serves as the inner ring 36un of the diagonal placement part 34, is fitted into the recess of the middle support part 42m.

[0034] As described above, the oblique placement portion 34 is located outside the horizontal placement portion 32. In the transport cart 22, a vertical placement portion 44 on which the segment 10 can be placed in an upright state can be provided on the placement base 24 inside the horizontal placement portion 32. The placement base 24 of the transport cart 22 can be provided with the vertical placement portion 44 in addition to the horizontal placement portion 32 and the oblique placement portion 34 described above. As shown in Fig. 3, in the vertical placement portion 44, the segment 10 is placed on the base plate 38. The inner ring 36uy of the horizontal placement portion 32 is applied to the back surface of the segment 10.

[0035] 2, the doughnut-shaped plate located inside the segment 10 placed on the vertical placement part 44 is a side plate 6 that forms part of the mold 2. The mounting table 24 of the transport cart 22 can further be provided with a plate placement part 46 inside the vertical placement part 44 for placing the side plate 6 thereon.

[0036] The transport cart 22 described above is used for cleaning the mold 2. As described above, the segment 10 is placed in a horizontal position on the horizontal placement section 32 of the transport cart 22. First, a method for cleaning the segment 10 using the transport cart 22 on which the segment 10 can be placed in a horizontal position will be described.

[0037] In this cleaning method, the molding surface 14 of the segment 10 is cleaned by blasting. In this cleaning method, the segment 10 is cleaned by blasting using a transport cart 22 on which the segment 10 can be placed in a horizontal position.

[0038] Although not shown, a commercially available general device is used as the device for performing the blasting treatment. This device is equipped with a nozzle for spraying the blasting material. In this device, compressed air is used to blow the blasting material from the nozzle toward the molding surface 14 of the segment 10. The pressure of the compressed air is preferably 2.5 kg / cm. 2 More than 6.0kg / cm 2 The average particle size of the projection material is preferably 50 μm or more and 600 μm or less. The average particle size is expressed using the central value (median size) of the particle size distribution calculated from the volume distribution of particles measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer.

[0039] In this cleaning method, the segment 10 is set on the horizontal placement portion 32 of the transport cart 22 with the forming surface 14 of the segment 10 facing out. This allows the segment 10 to be set on the transport cart 22 with the forming surface 14 facing upward. This cleaning method includes the step of setting the segment 10 on the transport cart 22 with the forming surface 14 of the segment 10 facing out.

[0040] When the segment 10 is set on the transport cart 22, as shown in Fig. 5, a nozzle 48 for spraying blast material is positioned above the segment 10 set on the transport cart 22. The device for blasting is driven, and the blast material is sprayed from the nozzle 48 toward the molding surface 14 of the segment 10.

[0041] As described above, the casters 30 are attached to the bottom of the transport cart 22. By moving the transport cart 22, the worker can easily move the segments 10 horizontally. In this cleaning method, while moving the transport cart 22 to move the segments 10 horizontally, blast material is sprayed from above the transport cart 22 toward the molding surface 14. This cleaning method includes a step of spraying cleaning blast material from above the transport cart 22 toward the molding surface 14 while moving the transport cart 22 to move the segments 10 horizontally.

[0042] This cleaning method allows the segments 10 to be moved freely back and forth and left and right while maintaining their orientation, so the swinging of the nozzle 48 can be reduced compared to conventional cleaning methods. This cleaning method allows the projection material to be sprayed evenly over the entire molding surface 14 while maintaining the state in which the projection material is colliding with the molding surface 14. This cleaning method is less likely to cause uneven spraying of the projection material, so polishing spots are less likely to occur on the molding surface 14. This cleaning method sufficiently removes dirt adhering to the molding surface 14. This method of cleaning the mold 2 using the transport cart 22 can contribute to the manufacture of high-quality tires T.

[0043] As described above, the segments 10 are placed at an angle on the oblique placement section 34 of the transport cart 22. Next, a method for cleaning the segments 10 by blasting using the transport cart 22 on which the segments 10 can be placed at an angle will be described.

[0044] This cleaning method includes a step of setting the segment 10 on the transport cart 22 with the molding surface 14 of the segment 10 facing out. In this cleaning method, the segment 10 is set on the oblique placement portion 34 of the transport cart 22 with the molding surface 14 facing out. In this way, the segment 10 is set on the transport cart 22 with the molding surface 14 tilted. Since the molding surface 14 is tilted with respect to the horizontal direction, by arranging a nozzle 48 above the transport cart 22, it is possible to spray blast material from above the transport cart 22 toward the molding surface 14. By arranging a nozzle 48 on the side of the transport cart 22, it is also possible to spray blast material from the side of the transport cart 22 toward the molding surface 14.

[0045] Although not shown, when the segment 10 is set on the transport cart 22, a nozzle 48 is disposed above or to the side of the segment 10 set on the transport cart 22. The device for blasting is driven, and blasting material is sprayed from the nozzle 48 toward the molding surface 14 of the segment 10. In this cleaning method, the transport cart 22 is moved to move the segment 10 horizontally, while the blasting material is sprayed from above or to the side of the transport cart 22 toward the molding surface 14. This cleaning method includes a step of spraying cleaning blasting material from above or to the side of the transport cart 22 toward the molding surface 14, while the transport cart 22 is moved to move the segment 10 horizontally.

[0046] In this cleaning method, as in the above-mentioned cleaning method, the segments 10 can be moved freely back and forth and left and right while maintaining their orientation, so the swing of the nozzle 48 can be reduced compared to the conventional cleaning method. In this cleaning method, the projection material can be sprayed evenly over the entire molding surface 14 while maintaining the collision state of the projection material with the molding surface 14. In this cleaning method, the projection material is less likely to be sprayed unevenly, so polishing spots are less likely to occur on the molding surface 14. In this cleaning method, dirt adhering to the molding surface 14 is sufficiently removed. Furthermore, in this cleaning method, the projection material collides obliquely with the molding surface 14. Dirt adhering to the corners of the recesses engraved in the molding surface 14 is also effectively removed. This method of cleaning the mold 2 using the transport cart 22 can contribute to the manufacture of high-quality tires T.

[0047] Incidentally, in order to discharge air present between the mold 2 and the green tire Tr, for example, a vent hole is provided in the mold 2. The rubber composition of the green tire Tr flows into this vent hole.

[0048] In this cleaning method, as shown in FIG. 6, the rubber composition that has flowed into the vent hole 50 is removed by passing an awl 52 through the vent hole 50 so that the vent hole 50 is not clogged with the rubber composition that has flowed in.

[0049] When passing the awl 52 through the vent hole 50, the orientation of the awl 52 is adjusted according to the orientation of the vent hole 50. As described above, in the conventional cleaning method, the segment 10 is fixed to a base. It is not easy to align the orientation of the awl 52 with the orientation of the vent hole 50 while the segment 10 is fixed. There is a concern that the awl 52 may break if an unusual force is applied to the awl 52 when adjusting the orientation of the awl 52. If the awl 52 breaks, it is necessary to replace the awl 52.

[0050] In this cleaning method, the segment 10 is simply placed on the oblique placement portion 34, and the segment 10 is not fixed to the oblique placement portion 34. In this cleaning method, the orientation of the segment 10 set on the oblique placement portion 34 can be adjusted. In this cleaning method, the orientation of the awl 52 relative to the orientation of the vent hole 50 can be easily adjusted. Since the awl 52 is prevented from breaking during work, this cleaning method can reduce the frequency of replacing the awl 52. This cleaning method can contribute not only to the manufacture of high-quality tires T, but also to improving the productivity of tires T.

[0051] As described above, the horizontal placement portion 32 and the oblique placement portion 34 of the transport dolly 22 are formed of rings 36. In this transport dolly 22, the rings 36 constituting the horizontal placement portion 32 and the rings 36 constituting the oblique placement portion 34 are preferably made of rubber rings. This suppresses the slippage of the segments 10 relative to the rings 36. Since the segments 10 are stably held on the horizontal placement portion 32 and the oblique placement portion 34, the displacement of the segments 10 due to the movement of the transport dolly 22 is prevented. This cleaning method using the transport dolly 22 can spray the projection material evenly over the entire molding surface 14 while maintaining the collision state of the projection material against the molding surface 14. In this cleaning method, the projection material is unlikely to be sprayed unevenly, so polishing spots are unlikely to occur on the molding surface 14. This cleaning method can contribute to the production of high-quality tires T. In addition, since the slippage of the segments 10 relative to the rings 36 is suppressed, it is easy to adjust the orientation of the segments 10 set in the oblique placement portion 34. This cleaning method also contributes to improving the productivity of tires T.

[0052] Examples of the rubber ring include a ring made of a solid rod material coated with rubber and a ring made of a rubber hose. From the viewpoint of stably holding the segment 10, the rubber ring is preferably a ring made of a flexible rubber hose.

[0053] 3, the double-headed arrow D indicates the outside diameter of the ring 36. When the ring 36 is made of a rubber hose, from the viewpoint of stably holding the segments 10, the outside diameter D of the ring 36 is preferably 10 mm or more and 30 mm or less.

[0054] In this transport cart 22, the ring 36 of the horizontal placement section 32 is supported by a support plate 40 extending upward from a base plate 38 of the mounting table 24. The segment 10 to be placed on the vertical placement section 44 of the mounting table 24 is placed on this base plate 38. In this transport cart 22, the upper surface of the base plate 38 is the reference position that defines the height position of the ring 36.

[0055] 3, the length indicated by the double arrow HR is the height from the reference position to the upper end PUy of the inner ring 36uy of the horizontal placement unit 32. The length indicated by the double arrow WM is the width of the segment 10 placed on the placement table 24.

[0056] In this transport cart 22, the ratio (HR / WM) of the height HR from the reference position to the upper end PUy of the inner ring 36uy of the horizontal placement portion 32 to the width WM of the segment 10 is preferably 0.25 or greater and 0.50 or less.

[0057] By setting the ratio (HR / WM) to 0.20 or greater, the inner ring 36uy of the horizontal placement portion 32 can contribute to stable holding of the segment 10 placed on the vertical placement portion 44. From this viewpoint, the ratio (HR / HM) is more preferably 0.25 or greater, and further preferably 0.30 or greater.

[0058] By setting the ratio (HR / WM) to 0.50 or less, an operator can easily move the segment 10 placed on the horizontal placement section 32 to the oblique placement section 34. An operator can easily move the segment 10 placed on the oblique placement section 34 to the horizontal placement section 32. From the viewpoint of facilitating the operation of moving the segment 10, this ratio (HR / WM) is more preferably 0.45 or less, and even more preferably 0.40 or less.

[0059] In Fig. 4, the solid line LT is a straight line passing through the upper end PUn of the inner ring 36un and the upper end PSn of the outer ring 36sn of the diagonal placement unit 34. The angle indicated by the symbol θ is the angle that this line LT makes with the horizontal direction. In this transport cart 22, this angle θ is also referred to as the inclination angle of the placement surface of the diagonal placement unit 34.

[0060] In this transport cart 22, the inclination angle θ of the placement surface of the inclined placement section 34 is preferably 20° or more and 40° or less so that the segments 10 placed on the inclined placement section 34 can be sufficiently and efficiently cleaned. This inclination angle θ is more preferably 25° or more, and more preferably 35° or less.

[0061] As described above, according to the present invention, the transport cart 22 for the mold 2 and the method for cleaning the mold 2, which can contribute to the production of high-quality tires T, are obtained. [Industrial Applicability]

[0062] The mold transport cart and mold cleaning method described above can be applied to cleaning of various molds. [Explanation of symbols]

[0063] 2. Mold 4. Tread ring 10 segments 12. Cavity surface 14 - Molding surface of segment 10 22...Transport cart 24...Placement table 26... Cart 30 Caster 32 Horizontal section 34....Diagonal placement section 36, 36uy, 36sy, 36un, 36sn...Ring 48 Nozzle 50···Vent hole 52...cone

Claims

1. A transport cart for transporting a segment that is a part of a tire mold, a mounting table on which the segments are placed; A dolly supporting the mounting table; Equipped with the mounting table includes a horizontal placement portion on which the segment is placed in a horizontal position and an oblique placement portion on which the segment is placed in an oblique position, The oblique placement portion is located outside the horizontal placement portion, the dolly has at least three casters; The horizontal placement portion is composed of two rings arranged concentrically, The inner ring and the outer ring are aligned horizontally. Mold transport cart.

2. The oblique placement portion is composed of two rings arranged concentrically, The outer ring is located lower than the inner ring. A transport cart for the mold according to claim 1.

3. The ring located on the outer side of the horizontal placement portion also serves as the ring located on the inner side of the oblique placement portion. A transport cart for the mold according to claim 2.

4. The ring constituting the horizontal placement portion and the ring constituting the oblique placement portion are made of rubber. A transport cart for the mold according to claim 3.

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