Transgenic Rainbow Shark

Abstract

To provide: transgenic ornamental fish, and methods of making such fish by in vitro fertilization techniques; and methods of establishing a population of such transgenic fish and methods of providing them to the ornamental fish industry for the purpose of marketing.SOLUTION: The present disclosure concerns making transgenic fluorescent fish and providing such fish to the ornamental fish industry.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application was filed as a PCT international patent application on January 10, 2019, and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 615,625, filed January 10, 2018, and entitled Transgenic Orange Rainbow Shark, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 615,628, filed January 10, 2018, and entitled Transgenic Purple Rainbow Shark, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 615,634, filed January 10, 2018, and entitled Transgenic Blue Rainbow Shark, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 615,638, filed January 10, 2018, and entitled Transgenic Green Rainbow Shark. Each of the foregoing references is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] Technical Field The present invention relates to transgenic fish. In particular, the present invention relates to orange transgenic rainbow sharks. In particular, the present invention relates to purple transgenic rainbow sharks. In particular, the present invention relates to blue transgenic rainbow sharks. In particular, the present invention relates to green transgenic rainbow sharks. [Background technology]

[0003] introduction Transgenic technology involves the introduction of foreign genes into a host organism, allowing the host to acquire new genetic traits. Transgenic technology has many potential applications. For example, it can be used to introduce transgenes into fish to create new species of fish. There are many methods for introducing foreign genes into fish, including: microinjection (e.g., Zhu et al., 1985; Du et al., 1992), electroporation (Powers et al., 1992), sperm-mediated gene transfer (Khoo et al., 1992; Sin et al., 1993), gene bombardment or gene gun (Zelenin et al., 1991), liposome-mediated gene transfer (Szelei et al., 1994), and direct injection of DNA into muscle tissue (Xu et al., 1999). The first transgenic fish report was published by Zhu et al., (1985) using a chimeric gene construct consisting of a mouse metallothionein gene promoter and a human growth hormone gene. Most of the early transgenic fish studies focused on growth hormone gene transfer with the goal of generating rapidly growing fish. Although most of the early attempts used heterologous growth hormone genes and promoters and failed to produce these fish (e.g., Chourrout et al., 1986; Penman et al., 1990; Brem et al., 1988; Gross et al., 1992), enhanced growth of transgenic fish has been demonstrated in several fish species, including Atlantic salmon, several species of Pacific salmon, and loach (e.g., Du et al., 1992; Delvin et al., 1994, 1995; Tsai et al., 1995).

[0004] The rainbow shark (Epalzeorhynchos frenatum) is a freshwater carp native to Thailand. The fins vary in color from red to orange-red, while the body varies from black or dark gray to light silver. The albino form lacks these darker spots and the body color has a buttery or pearly appearance. However, in the ornamental fish industry, the gray or pearly body does not lend itself to efficiently displaying the various colors. The availability of such rainbow sharks with genetically engineered pigmentation altered with fluorescent proteins would bring a better product to the ornamental fish industry by better displaying the various colors.

[0005] Many fluorescent proteins are known in the art and have been used to investigate various cellular processes, including fluorescent proteins that exhibit various green, yellow, orange, blue, or purple colors.Transgenic experiments involving fluorescent proteins provide new markers and reporters of genetic modification, but there has been limited progress in the field of developing and producing rainbow sharks that express such proteins. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Transgenic Rainbow Shark In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to producing transgenic fluorescent fish and supplying such fish to the ornamental fish industry.

[0007] In some embodiments, a transgenic fish or a method for producing a transgenic fish is provided. In certain embodiments, the transgenic fish is a fertile, transgenic, fluorescent fish. In certain embodiments, the fish used in the disclosed constructs and methods is a rainbow shark. The skin color of the rainbow shark is determined by the pigment cells in the skin, which contain pigment granules called melanosomes (black or brown), xanthosomes (yellow), erythrosomes (orange or red), or iridosomes (rainbow colors, including white). The number, size, and density of pigment granules per pigment cell affect the skin color of the fish.

[0008] In at least one exemplary embodiment, transgenic rainbow sharks or their progeny are provided that contain specific transgenic integration events, referred to as transformation events. These fish are of particular interest because, for example, they embody an aesthetically pleasing orange color. Transgenic fish that contain these specific transgenic events can be homozygous or heterozygous (including, for example, hemizygous) for the transformation events. Homozygous fish mated with fish lacking the transformation events will, in nearly all cases, produce 100% heterozygous offspring. Eggs, sperm, and embryos that contain these specific transgenic events are also included as part of the present invention.

[0009] In one such embodiment relating to a particular transgenic integration event, an orange rainbow shark or progeny thereof is provided that includes a chromosomally integrated transgene, wherein the rainbow shark includes an "orange rainbow shark 1 transformation event" spermatozoon that includes the orange rainbow shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010802). The chromosomally integrated transgene may be present in one integrated expression cassette or two or more integrated expression cassettes. In a particular embodiment, the transgenic rainbow shark is a fertile transgenic rainbow shark. The transgenic rainbow shark may be homozygous or heterozygous (including, for example, hemizygous) for the transgene or integrated expression cassette(s).

[0010] Also disclosed are methods of supplying transgenic rainbow sharks comprising an orange rainbow shark transformation event to the ornamental fish market. In some embodiments, the methods include obtaining a transgenic rainbow shark or progeny comprising a transgene integrated into a chromosome, wherein the rainbow shark comprises "orange rainbow shark 1 transformation event" sperm comprising the orange rainbow shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010802), and distributing the fish to the ornamental fish market. Such fish may be distributed by breeders to wholesalers, or such fish may be distributed by breeders or wholesalers to retailers, such as, for example, multi-product retailers with ornamental fish departments.

[0011] In some embodiments, the method of making a transgenic rainbow shark comprises: (a) obtaining rainbow sharks that fluoresce and contain a transgene or expression cassette integrated into one or more chromosomes, wherein the rainbow sharks include "Orange Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event" sperm that contain the Orange Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010802); and (b) mating the resulting rainbow shark with a second rainbow shark to provide a transgenic rainbow shark comprising the orange rainbow shark 1 transformation event. The second rainbow shark can be a transgenic or non-transgenic rainbow shark.

[0012] In further embodiments, methods of producing transgenic organisms are also provided, the methods comprising using sperm containing the orange rainbow shark 1 transformation, including sperm as deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010802), to produce transgenic offspring. Such offspring can be, for example, rainbow sharks, species in the family Cypriniformes, species in the genus Epalzeorhynchos, species or genera related to rainbow sharks, or other fish species or genera. In some embodiments, the fish can be produced using in vitro fertilization techniques known in the art or described herein.

[0013] In at least one exemplary embodiment, transgenic rainbow sharks or their progeny are provided that contain specific transgenic integration events, referred to herein as transgenic events. These fish are particularly interesting, for example, because they embody an aesthetically pleasing purple color. Transgenic fish that contain these specific transgenic events can be homozygous or heterozygous (including, for example, hemizygous) for the transgenic events. Homozygous fish mated with fish lacking the transgenic events will, in almost all cases, produce 100% heterozygous offspring. Eggs, sperm, and embryos that contain these specific transgenic events are also included as part of the present invention.

[0014] In one embodiment relating to such a particular transgenic integration event, a purple transgenic rainbow shark or progeny thereof is provided that includes a chromosomally integrated transgene, the rainbow shark including a "purple rainbow shark 1 transformation event" spermatozoon that includes the purple rainbow shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010801). The chromosomally integrated transgene may be present in one integrated expression cassette or two or more integrated expression cassettes. In a particular embodiment, the transgenic rainbow shark is a fertile transgenic rainbow shark. The transgenic rainbow shark may be homozygous or heterozygous (including, for example, hemizygous) for the transgene or integrated expression cassette(s).

[0015] Also disclosed are methods of supplying transgenic rainbow sharks comprising the Purple Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event to the ornamental fish market. In some embodiments, the methods include obtaining a transgenic rainbow shark or progeny comprising a transgene integrated into a chromosome, wherein the rainbow shark comprises "Purple Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event" sperm comprising the Purple Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010801), and distributing the fish to the ornamental fish industry. Such fish may be distributed by breeders to wholesalers, or such fish may be distributed by breeders or wholesalers to retailers, such as, for example, multi-product retailers with ornamental fish departments.

[0016] In some embodiments, the method of making a transgenic rainbow shark comprises: (a) obtaining rainbow sharks that fluoresce and contain a transgene or expression cassette integrated into one or more chromosomes, wherein the rainbow sharks include "purple rainbow shark 1 transformation event" sperm that contain the purple rainbow shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010801); and (b) mating the resulting rainbow shark with a second rainbow shark to provide a transgenic rainbow shark comprising the purple rainbow shark 1 transformation event. The second rainbow shark can be a transgenic or non-transgenic rainbow shark.

[0017] In further embodiments, methods of producing transgenic organisms are also provided, the methods comprising using sperm containing the purple Rainbow Shark 1 transformation, including sperm as deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010801), to produce transgenic offspring. Such offspring can be, for example, Rainbow Sharks, species of the Cypriniformes family, species of the Epalzeorhynchus genus, species or genera related to Rainbow Sharks, or other fish species or genera. In some embodiments, the fish can be produced using in vitro fertilization techniques known in the art or described herein.

[0018] In at least one exemplary embodiment, transgenic rainbow sharks or their progeny are provided that contain specific transgenic integration events, referred to herein as transgenic events. These fish are particularly interesting, for example, because they embody an aesthetically pleasing blue color. Transgenic fish that contain these specific transgenic events can be homozygous or heterozygous (including, for example, hemizygous) for the transgenic events. Homozygous fish mated with fish lacking the transgenic events will, in almost all cases, produce 100% heterozygous offspring. Eggs, sperm, and embryos that contain these specific transgenic events are also included as part of the present invention.

[0019] In one embodiment relating to such a particular transgenic integration event, a blue transgenic rainbow shark or progeny thereof is provided that includes a chromosomally integrated transgene, the rainbow shark including a "blue rainbow shark 1 transformation event" spermatozoon that includes the blue rainbow shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010803). The chromosomally integrated transgene may be present in one integrated expression cassette or two or more integrated expression cassettes. In a particular embodiment, the transgenic rainbow shark is a fertile transgenic rainbow shark. The transgenic rainbow shark may be homozygous or heterozygous (including, for example, hemizygous) for the transgene or integrated expression cassette(s).

[0020] Also disclosed are methods of supplying transgenic rainbow sharks comprising the blue Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event to the ornamental fish market. In some embodiments, the methods include obtaining a transgenic rainbow shark or progeny comprising a transgene integrated into a chromosome, wherein the rainbow shark comprises "blue Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event" sperm comprising the blue Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010803), and distributing the fish to the ornamental fish industry. Such fish may be distributed by breeders to wholesalers, or such fish may be distributed by breeders or wholesalers to retailers, such as, for example, multi-product retailers with ornamental fish departments.

[0021] In some embodiments, the method of making a transgenic rainbow shark comprises: (a) obtaining rainbow sharks that fluoresce and contain a transgene or expression cassette integrated into one or more chromosomes, wherein the rainbow sharks include "blue rainbow shark 1 transformation event" sperm that contain the blue rainbow shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010803); and (b) mating the resulting rainbow shark with a second rainbow shark to provide a transgenic rainbow shark comprising the blue rainbow shark 1 transformation event. The second rainbow shark can be a transgenic or non-transgenic rainbow shark.

[0022] In further embodiments, methods of producing transgenic organisms are also provided, the methods comprising using sperm containing the blue Rainbow Shark 1 transformation, including sperm as deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010803), to produce transgenic offspring. Such offspring can be, for example, Rainbow Sharks, species of the Cypriniformes family, species of the Epalzeorhynchus genus, species or genera related to Rainbow Sharks, or other fish species or genera. In some embodiments, the fish can be produced using in vitro fertilization techniques known in the art or described herein.

[0023] In at least one exemplary embodiment, transgenic rainbow sharks or their progeny are provided that contain specific transgenic integration events, referred to herein as transgenic events. These fish are particularly interesting, for example, because they embody an aesthetically pleasing green color. Transgenic fish that contain these specific transgenic events can be homozygous or heterozygous (including, for example, hemizygous) for the transgenic events. Homozygous fish mated with fish lacking the transgenic events will, in almost all cases, produce 100% heterozygous offspring. Eggs, sperm, and embryos that contain these specific transgenic events are also included as part of the present invention.

[0024] In one embodiment of such a particular transgenic integration event, a green transgenic rainbow shark or progeny thereof is provided that includes a chromosomally integrated transgene, the rainbow shark including a "green rainbow shark 1 transformation event" spermatozoon that includes a green rainbow shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010803). The chromosomally integrated transgene may be present in one integrated expression cassette or two or more integrated expression cassettes. In a particular embodiment, the transgenic rainbow shark is a fertile transgenic rainbow shark. The transgenic rainbow shark may be homozygous or heterozygous (including, for example, hemizygous) for the transgene or integrated expression cassette(s).

[0025] Also disclosed are methods of supplying transgenic rainbow sharks comprising the green rainbow shark 1 transformation event to the ornamental fish market. In some embodiments, the methods include obtaining a transgenic rainbow shark or progeny comprising a transgene integrated into a chromosome, wherein the rainbow shark comprises "green rainbow shark 1 transformation event" sperm comprising the green rainbow shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010804), and distributing the fish to the ornamental fish industry. Such fish may be distributed by breeders to wholesalers, or such fish may be distributed by breeders or wholesalers to retailers, such as, for example, multi-product retailers with ornamental fish departments.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method of making a transgenic rainbow shark comprises: (a) obtaining rainbow sharks that fluoresce and contain a transgene or expression cassette integrated into one or more chromosomes, wherein the rainbow sharks include "green rainbow shark 1 transformation event" sperm that contain the green rainbow shark 1 transformation event deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010804); and (b) mating the resulting rainbow shark with a second rainbow shark to provide a transgenic rainbow shark comprising the green rainbow shark 1 transformation event. The second rainbow shark can be a transgenic or non-transgenic rainbow shark.

[0027] In further embodiments, methods of producing transgenic organisms are also provided, the methods comprising using sperm containing the green Rainbow Shark 1 transformation, including sperm as deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010804), to produce transgenic offspring. Such offspring can be, for example, Rainbow Sharks, species of the Cypriniformes family, species of the Epalzeorhynchus genus, species or genera related to Rainbow Sharks, or other fish species or genera. In some embodiments, the fish can be produced using in vitro fertilization techniques known in the art or described herein.

[0028] As used in this specification, "a" or "an" may mean one or more. As used in the claims, when used in conjunction with the word "comprising," the words "a" or "an" may mean one or more.

[0029] Use of the term "or" in the claims is used to mean "and / or," unless expressly indicated to refer to only alternatives or the alternatives are not mutually exclusive, but the disclosure supports a definition that refers only to alternatives and "and / or." As used herein, "other" may mean at least two or more.

[0030] Throughout this application, the term "about" is used to indicate that a value includes the inherent variation of error for the device, the method employed to determine the value, or the variation that exists among study subjects. Any embodiment of any of the present methods, kits, and compositions can consist essentially of or consist of, rather than comprise / include / contain / have, the recited features and / or steps.

[0031] Thus, in any claim, the term "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of" may be substituted for any of the open-ended conjugated verbs listed above for the purpose of modifying the scope of a given claim from the otherwise open-ended conjugated verbs. Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. Various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description, however, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration only. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0032] Detailed Description of the Invention Transgenic fish In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to transgenic fish. Methods for producing transgenic fish are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 7,135,613; 7,834,239, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, transgenic orange rainbow sharks can be produced using an expression cassette encoding a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), such as TurboYFP (Shagin et al., 2004), an enhanced variant of the yellow fluorescent protein PhiYFP from the jellyfish Phialidium sp. In other examples, transgenic purple rainbow sharks can be produced using an expression cassette encoding a purple fluorescent protein (PFP). In other examples, transgenic blue rainbow sharks can be produced using an expression cassette encoding a blue fluorescent protein (BFP), such as TagBFP, or TagBFP in combination with a non-fluorescent blue pigment protein. In other examples, transgenic green rainbow sharks can be produced using an expression cassette encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP), such as zsGreen1.

[0033] It is preferred to use fish belonging to species and varieties of fish that have commercial value, especially within the ornamental fish industry. Such fish include, but are not limited to, catfish, zebrafish and other danios, killifish, carp, tilapia, goldfish, tetras, barbs, sharks (family cyprinidae, such as the rainbow shark), angelfish, loach, carp, glassfish, discus, eels, gobies, gouramis, guppies, xiphophorus, hatchetfish, mollyfish, or pangasius. A particular fish for use within the present disclosure is the rainbow shark, Epalzeorhynchos frenatum. The rainbow shark is an ornamental animal that is becoming increasingly popular, and there would be commercial value in adding a variety of colors. Rainbow shark embryos are readily available and are nearly transparent. The color of the rainbow shark's skin is determined by pigment cells in the skin that contain pigment granules called melanosomes. The number, size, and density of melanosomes per pigment cell influence the color of fish skin.

[0034] in vitro fertilization In commercial aquaculture, rainbow sharks, which include orange, purple, blue, and green rainbow sharks, are not naturally spawned but are spawned in vitro using the same, long-standing, industry-standard process that has been used to replicate their non-fluorescent counterparts for the past several decades. At the same time, rainbow sharks are ideal candidates for hormone induction because females spawn a significant number of eggs per spawning and are easy to handle and breed. In general, rainbow sharks are seasonal breeders and can be most easily spawned around May-October. It takes rainbow sharks roughly one year to become sexually mature. One-year-old females can release up to 1,000 eggs per spawning, while older females can release up to 10,000 eggs per spawning if breeding conditions are favorable. Females can spawn once or twice per season. Males can release sperm as frequently as two or three times a month. The hormone most commonly used for ovulation induction, called Ovaprim, is approved by the FDA for use in ornamental fish. It contains a salmonid gonadotropin releasing hormone analog and a dopamine antagonist. Ovaprim produces consistent results, is easy to administer, and is widely available commercially. Industry standard breeding information for this species (for both fluorescent and non-fluorescent phenotypes) is provided below, although the exact details may vary slightly from producer to producer.

[0035] Shark broodstock may be kept in indoor tanks, preferably of at least 300 gallons capacity, but are usually preconditioned in outdoor earthen ponds. Once preconditioned for breeding, the rainbow sharks are transferred from the outdoor earthen ponds to large indoor holding tanks. For breeding, the preconditioned broodstock are removed from the holding tanks and placed in water containing a sedative, such as tricaine, approved by the FDA for this type of use. The fish are considered adequately sedated when they lie down. At this point, the fish are removed from the sedative water, weighed, and injected with ovaprim. Males may also receive an ovaprim injection to induce sperm. Females usually begin ovulating 7 hours after injection; once ovulation has begun, eggs will flow freely when the fish is gently squeezed. To prepare for in vitro fertilization, the eggs then need to be stripped in a dry bowl. A few drops of milt from the male rainbow shark should be stripped into the same bowl as well. Stirring the eggs and sperm with 0.5 mL (approximately 10 drops) of water will start the fertilization process. After 20 seconds, an additional 2 mL of water should be added. This process will fertilize the eggs within approximately 30 seconds. Once fertilized, the eggs can be placed in a McDonald-type egg hatching jar. The eggs will expand and become buoyant during the first 30 minutes. Therefore, the flow rate of the hatching jar should be adjusted as low as possible initially to avoid loss of eggs. The flow rate should be checked frequently and adjusted as necessary. The fry should be fed freshly hatched Artemia nauplii on the second day after hatching, and the fry should continue to be fed Artemia for one week. From that point on, the fry can begin the transition to cooked food, overlapping with live food for five days. Two weeks after hatching, the fry can be transferred to vats and / or ponds, where they will continue to grow until maturity.

[0036] Fertilization from frozen sperm Methods for freezing fish sperm are well known in the art; see, for example, Walker and Streisinger (1983) and Draper and Moens (2007), both of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. To obtain the transgenic fish disclosed herein, frozen rainbow shark sperm can be used to fertilize eggs.

[0037] In at least one method, pretreated females are removed from the holding vat and placed in water containing a sedative, such as tricaine, approved by the FDA for this type of use. The fish are considered adequately sedated when they lie down. Once sedated, the fish are removed from the sedative water, weighed, and injected with ovaprim. Injected females typically begin ovulating 7 hours after injection; once ovulation begins, eggs will flow freely when the fish is gently squeezed. To prepare for in vitro fertilization, the eggs must then be squeezed out in a dry bowl. Eggs from several females can be pooled; eggs can be left unfertilized for several minutes. Frozen sperm are thawed in a water bath at 33°C for 18-20 seconds. Once the sperm are thawed, 70 μL of room temperature Hank's Balanced Salt Solution is added to the vial and mixed. The sperm are then immediately added to the eggs and gently mixed. Stirring the eggs and sperm with 0.5 mL (approximately 10 drops) of water initiates the fertilization process. After 20 seconds, an additional 2 mL of water should be added. This process fertilizes the eggs within approximately 30 seconds. Once fertilized, the eggs can be placed in a McDonald-type egg hatching jar. The eggs expand and become buoyant during the first 30 minutes. Therefore, the flow rate of the hatching jar should be adjusted as low as possible initially to avoid loss of eggs. The flow rate should be checked frequently and adjusted as necessary. The fry should be fed freshly hatched Artemia nauplii on the second day after hatching, and the fry should continue to be fed Artemia for one week. From that point on, the fry can begin the transition to cooked food and overlap with live food for five days. Two weeks after hatching, the fry can be transferred to vats and / or ponds and continue to grow to maturity. Parichy and Johnson, 2001 (incorporated by reference in its entirety) provides further examples of in vitro fertilization.

[0038] The present disclosure further encompasses the progeny of transgenic fish containing the orange rainbow shark transformation event, as well as transgenic fish derived from transgenic fish eggs, sperm cells, embryos, or other cells that contain the transgenic construct integrated into their genome. "Progeny" as used in this disclosure may result from mating two transgenic fish of the present invention, or from mating a first transgenic fish of the present invention to a second fish that is not a transgenic fish of the present invention. In the latter case, the second fish may be, for example, a wild-type fish, a particular fish line, a mutant fish, or another transgenic fish. The second fish may be of the same species or a different species or genus. The hybrid progeny of these matings have the advantages of the transgene for fluorescence combined with the advantages of being derived from these other lines.

[0039] The easiest way to identify fish containing the orange Rainbow Shark1 transformation event is by visual inspection, as the fish are orange in color and immediately distinguishable from non-transgenic fish.

[0040] The present disclosure further encompasses the progeny of transgenic fish containing the purple rainbow shark transformation event, as well as transgenic fish derived from transgenic fish eggs, sperm cells, embryos, or other cells that contain the transgenic construct integrated into their genome. "Progeny" as used in this disclosure may result from mating two transgenic fish of the present invention, or from mating a first transgenic fish of the present invention to a second fish that is not a transgenic fish of the present invention. In the latter case, the second fish may be, for example, a wild-type fish, a particular fish line, a mutant fish, or another transgenic fish. The second fish may be of the same species or a different species or genus. The hybrid progeny of these matings have the advantages of the transgene for fluorescence combined with the advantages of being derived from these other lines.

[0041] The easiest way to identify fish containing the purple Rainbow Shark1 transformation event is by visual inspection, as the fish are purple and easily distinguishable from non-transgenic fish.

[0042] The present disclosure further encompasses the progeny of transgenic fish containing the blue rainbow shark transformation event, as well as transgenic fish derived from transgenic fish eggs, sperm cells, embryos, or other cells containing the transgenic construct integrated into their genome. "Progeny" as used in this disclosure may result from mating two transgenic fish of the present invention, or from mating a first transgenic fish of the present invention to a second fish that is not a transgenic fish of the present invention. In the latter case, the second fish may be, for example, a wild-type fish, a particular fish line, a mutant fish, or another transgenic fish. The second fish may be of the same species or a different species or genus. The hybrid progeny of these matings have the advantages of the transgene for fluorescence combined with the advantages of being derived from these other lines.

[0043] The easiest way to identify fish containing the blue Rainbow Shark1 transformation event is by visual inspection, as the fish are blue in color and immediately distinguishable from non-transgenic fish.

[0044] The present disclosure further encompasses the progeny of transgenic fish containing the green rainbow shark transformation event, as well as transgenic fish derived from transgenic fish eggs, sperm cells, embryos, or other cells that contain the transgenic construct integrated into their genome. "Progeny" as used in this disclosure may result from mating two transgenic fish of the present invention, or from mating a first transgenic fish of the present invention to a second fish that is not a transgenic fish of the present invention. In the latter case, the second fish may be, for example, a wild-type fish, a particular fish line, a mutant fish, or another transgenic fish. The second fish may be of the same species or a different species or genus. The hybrid progeny of these matings have the advantages of the transgene for fluorescence combined with the advantages of being derived from these other lines.

[0045] The easiest way to identify fish containing the green Rainbow Shark1 transformation event is by visual inspection, as the fish are green and readily distinguishable from non-transgenic fish. EXAMPLES

[0046] Certain embodiments of the invention are further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to be merely illustrative of the invention and are in no way intended to limit or restrict the scope of the invention, and should not be construed as providing conditions, parameters, reagents, or starting materials which must be exclusively utilized in practicing the techniques of the invention.

[0047] Example 1 - Orange Transgenic Rainbow Shark Transgenic fish exhibiting the color orange are provided. The particular transgenic event embodied in these fish is designated the "Orange Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event." Sperm from these fish can be used to fertilize Rainbow Shark eggs, thereby breeding transgenic Rainbow Sharks containing these particular transgenic integration events. Sperm from this line have been deposited under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty as "Orange Rainbow Shark 1" with the European Cell Culture Collection (ECACC (Accession No. 19010802)), Public Health England, CRYOSTORES, Bld. 17, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 OJG, United Kingdom.

[0048] Example 2 - Purple Transgenic Rainbow Sharks Transgenic fish that exhibit the color purple are provided. The particular transgenic events embodied in these fish are designated "Purple Rainbow Shark 1 transformation events." Sperm from these fish can be used to fertilize Rainbow Shark eggs, thereby breeding transgenic Rainbow Sharks containing these particular transgenic integration events. Sperm from this line have been deposited under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty as "Purple Rainbow Shark 1" with the European Cell Culture Collection (ECACC (Accession No. 19010801)), Public Health England, CRYOSTORES, Bld. 17, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 OJG, United Kingdom.

[0049] Example 3 - Blue transgenic rainbow sharks Transgenic fish that exhibit a blue color are provided. The particular transgenic events embodied in these fish are designated "blue rainbow shark 1 transformation events." Sperm from these fish can be used to fertilize rainbow shark eggs, thereby breeding transgenic rainbow sharks that contain these particular transgenic integration events. Sperm from this line have been deposited under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty as "blue rainbow shark 1" with the European Cell Culture Collection (ECACC (Accession No. 19010803)), Public Health England, CRYOSTORES, Bld. 17, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 OJG, United Kingdom.

[0050] Example 4 - Green transgenic rainbow sharks Transgenic fish that exhibit a green color are provided. The particular transgenic events embodied in these fish are designated "green rainbow shark 1 transformation events." Sperm from these fish can be used to fertilize rainbow shark eggs, thereby breeding transgenic rainbow sharks containing these particular transgenic integration events. Sperm from this line have been deposited under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty as "green rainbow shark 1" with the European Cell Culture Collection (ECACC (Accession No. 19010804)), Public Health England, CRYOSTORES, Bld. 17, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 OJG, United Kingdom.

[0051] Fluorescent transgenic fish are used as ornamental fish in the market. Stably expressing transgenic lines can be developed by crossing transgenic individuals with wild-type fish, mutant fish, or other transgenic fish. The transgenic fish of interest can be distinguished from non-transgenic fish by observing the fish under white light, sunlight, ultraviolet light, blue light, or other useful lighting conditions that allow the orange, purple, green, or blue color of the transgenic fish to be visualized.

[0052] Fluorescent transgenic fish should also be valuable in the market of scientific research tools, as they can be used for embryonic studies such as tracking cell lineages and cell migration. In addition, these fish can be used to mark cells in genetic mosaic experiments and fish cancer models.

[0053] All of the compositions and / or methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of this disclosure. Although the compositions and methods of the present invention have been described with respect to preferred embodiments, it will be apparent that modifications can be applied in the compositions and / or methods, and in the steps or sequence of steps of the methods described herein, without departing from the concept, nature and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain agents that are chemically and physiologically related can be substituted for the agents described herein to achieve the same or similar results. All such similar substitutes and modifications that are apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. 1. A cell line comprising a chromosomally integrated expression cassette encoding a fluorescent protein, wherein said cell line is derived from a rainbow shark and comprises a transgene integrated into a chromosome comprising a transformation event, and wherein said transformation event comprises: "Orange Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event", wherein sperm containing said Orange Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event have been deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010802); "Purple Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event", wherein sperm containing said Purple Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event have been deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010801); "Blue Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event", wherein sperm containing said Blue Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event have been deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010803); or "Green Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event", wherein sperm containing said Green Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event have been deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010804); A cell line selected from the group consisting of:

2. 2. The cell line of claim 1, wherein said cell line is capable of producing fertile transgenic rainbow sharks.

3. 2. The cell line of claim 1, wherein the cell line is capable of producing fish, the fish being homozygous for the integrated expression cassette.

4. 2. The cell line of claim 1, wherein the cell line is capable of producing fish, the fish being heterozygous for the integrated expression cassette.

5. 10. The cell line of claim 1, wherein the cell line is capable of producing fish, the fish being distributed by a breeder or wholesaler to a retailer.

6. The cell line of claim 5, wherein the retailer is a multi-product retailer having an ornamental fish department.

7. 1. A method of producing a cell line comprising: (a) obtaining a first rainbow shark by a fertilized egg, wherein the fertilized egg encodes a fluorescent protein; "Orange Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event", wherein sperm containing said Orange Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event have been deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010802); "Purple Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event", wherein sperm containing said Purple Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event have been deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010801); "Blue Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event", wherein sperm containing said Blue Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event have been deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010803; or "Green Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event", wherein sperm containing said Green Rainbow Shark 1 transformation event have been deposited with ECACC (Accession No. 19010804); comprising a chromosomally integrated expression cassette comprising a transformation event selected from the group consisting of: (b) mating the first rainbow shark with a second rainbow shark to provide a third rainbow shark, wherein the third rainbow shark contains the same transgenic event as the first rainbow shark; and (c) obtaining sperm from said third rainbow shark, thereby forming said cell line; The method includes:

8. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second rainbow shark is a non-transgenic rainbow shark.