Water vapor distribution observation device, water vapor distribution observation method, and water vapor distribution observation program

Abstract

To improve spatial resolution so as to enable providing to a user advance information on a possibility of occurrence of torrential rain or linear precipitation band or the like concerning a technology for estimating precipitable water by using satellites.SOLUTION: A water vapor distribution observation device 100 having a reception device includes a delay amount deriving section 150 and a precipitable water estimation section 170. A delay amount derivation section 150 derives observation residual of a visual line moistness delay amount of a quasi-zenith satellite 220 with respect to the reception device based on reinforcement data, which is the data indicating each of a zenith hydrostatic pressure delay amount and a zenith moistness delay amount in a target area including a position of the reception device and also is the data corresponding to the quasi-zenith satellite 220, and also based on the zenith moistness delay amount in the target area estimated in the reception device. The precipitable water estimation section 170 estimates precipitable water in the target area based on the observation residual, and temperature in the target area.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a water vapor distribution observation device, a water vapor distribution observation method, and a water vapor distribution observation program. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a method for providing meteorological data with relatively high resolution in both time and space compared to weather forecasts. This method makes it possible to calculate the amount of precipitable water for a mobile station equipped with a data communication device and a positioning receiver only from phase data measured by a fixed station device, data related to the orbital information of a positioning satellite, and temperature and pressure data provided as weather forecast data. Therefore, this method makes it possible to provide users with advance information on the possibility of rain or snowfall simply and quickly. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2007-085755 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In recent years, with the sudden occurrence of cumulonimbus clouds due to the effects of global warming, etc., there have been frequent occurrences of short-term heavy rains (commonly known as "guerilla downpours") and linear rain bands in which multiple cumulonimbus clouds occur consecutively, bringing intense and long-lasting heavy rains to some areas, and these phenomena that cause rainfall disasters have become a social issue. However, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that it is not possible to provide users with advance information on the possibility of the occurrence of guerilla downpours or linear rain bands, etc., due to insufficient spatial resolution. The present disclosure aims to increase the spatial resolution in technology for estimating precipitable water using satellites so as to provide users with advance information about the possibility of the occurrence of sudden heavy rain, linear precipitation bands, and the like. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The water vapor distribution observation device according to the present disclosure includes: Receiving observation data from each of the positioning satellites and the quasi-zenith satellites, and receiving augmentation data from the quasi-zenith satellites, the augmentation data being data indicating each of the zenith hydrostatic delay amount and the zenith wet delay amount in a target area, the augmentation data corresponding to the quasi-zenith satellites, and being data for improving the accuracy of satellite positioning. A water vapor distribution observation device including a receiving device, The above Supplementary Data The amount of moist zenith delay indicated by and based on the amount of zenith wet delay in the target area estimated by the receiving device. deriving a line-of-sight wet delay of the quasi-zenith satellite with respect to the receiving device; deriving an observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay amount based on an observation residual of the carrier phase observation amount obtained based on the reinforcement data and the carrier phase observation amount observed in the receiving device; A delay amount obtained by adding an observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay amount to the line-of-sight wet delay amount A delay amount derivation unit that derives The delay amount; In the target area Atmospheric water vapor pressure weighted mean a precipitable water vapor estimation unit that estimates precipitable water vapor in the target area based on a temperature; Equipped A water vapor distribution observation device, The target area is an area that includes the location of the receiving device. . Effect of the Invention

[0006] According to the present disclosure, the amount of precipitable water in a target area is estimated using augmentation data, which is data indicating each of the amount of zenith hydrostatic pressure delay and the amount of zenith wet delay and corresponds to a quasi-zenith satellite. Here, by using the augmentation data, the spatial resolution is increased sufficiently to the extent that a cumulonimbus cloud with a diameter of about 10 km can be detected. Therefore, according to the present disclosure, in a technology for estimating the amount of precipitable water using a satellite, the spatial resolution can be increased so that advance information on the possibility of the occurrence of a sudden downpour or a linear precipitation band can be provided to a user. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a water vapor distribution observing system 90 according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of a water vapor distribution observing system 90 according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 3] 1 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a water vapor distribution observing device 100 according to a first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a processing flow of the water vapor distribution observing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the water vapor distribution observing system 90 according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a water vapor distribution observing device 100 according to a modification of the first embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0008] In the description of the embodiments and the drawings, the same elements and corresponding elements are given the same reference numerals. Descriptions of elements given the same reference numerals are omitted or simplified as appropriate. Arrows in the drawings primarily indicate data flow or processing flow. In addition, "part" may be read as "circuit," "step," "procedure," "processing," or "circuitry" as appropriate.

[0009] Embodiment 1 Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0010] ***Configuration Description*** Fig. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a water vapor distribution observation system 90. As shown in Fig. 1, the water vapor distribution observation system 90 includes a water vapor distribution observation device 100, a positioning satellite 210, and a quasi-zenith satellite 220. The water vapor distribution observation system 90 is also called a water vapor horizontal distribution observation system.

[0011] The water vapor distribution observation device 100 includes an antenna 110, a receiver 120, a reinforcement data decoder 130, a positioning calculation unit 140, a delay amount derivation unit 150, a temperature sensor 160, and a precipitable water vapor estimation unit 170. The delay amount derivation unit 150 is also called a line-of-sight tropospheric delay derivation unit. The water vapor distribution observation device 100 may include a plurality of each of the components. The antenna 110 communicates with each of the positioning satellites 210 and the quasi-zenith satellites 220 and transmits data received from each of the positioning satellites 210 and the quasi-zenith satellites 220 to the receiver 120 . The receiver 120 receives data from the antenna 110 and sends the received data to both the reinforcement data decoder 130 and the positioning calculation unit 140 . The antenna 110 and the receiver 120 are collectively referred to as a receiving device. The receiving device acquires GNSS satellite observation data from a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite, which is a positioning satellite 210, and receives GNSS satellite augmentation data of the centimeter level augmentation service (CLAS) from a quasi-zenith satellite 220. The GNSS satellite augmentation data is an example of the augmentation data. The receiving device receives the augmentation data from the quasi-zenith satellite 220. The augmentation data is data indicating each of the zenith hydrostatic delay amount and the zenith wet delay amount in a target area, and is data corresponding to the quasi-zenith satellite 220. The target area is an area including the position of the receiving device. The position of the receiving device may be set appropriately. A specific example of a method of expressing the augmentation data is CSSR (Compact-State Space Representation (SSR)). A specific example of the GNSS satellite is GPS (Global Positioning System), Galileo, or the quasi-zenith satellite 220. The reinforcement data decoder 130 receives the reinforcement data from the receiver 120 and decodes the received reinforcement data. As a specific example, the reinforcement data decoder 130 converts the CSSR data, which is compressed in time and space to meet the signal capacity limitations of satellite distribution, into data indicating the pseudorange and carrier shift correction amount for each satellite. Here, the satellite refers to an artificial satellite, and is a general term for the positioning satellite 210 and the quasi-zenith satellite 220. The positioning calculation unit 140 obtains the three-dimensional position and time of the receiving device based on the data received from the positioning satellite 210 and the augmentation data. Note that in cases such as when the position of the antenna 110 is fixed, the positioning calculation unit 140 may not execute the process, and each unit of the water vapor distribution observing device 100 may use positioning data prepared in advance. The delay amount derivation unit 150 derives various delay amounts. The delay amount derivation unit 150 derives an observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay of the quasi-zenith satellite 220 with respect to the receiving device, based on the reinforcement data and the zenith wet delay in the target area estimated by the receiving device. The delay amount derivation unit 150 derives the observation residual using an observation equation of the carrier phase of the quasi-zenith satellite 220. The temperature sensor 160 is a sensor that measures the temperature on the ground. The precipitable water mass estimation unit 170 estimates the precipitable water mass in the target region. The precipitable water mass estimation unit 170 estimates the precipitable water mass in the target region based on the observation residual derived by the delay amount derivation unit 150 and the temperature in the target region.

[0012] FIG. 2 shows an overview of the water vapor distribution observation system 90. As shown in Fig. 2, the water vapor distribution observation system 90 includes a satellite positioning system and a positioning augmentation system. The satellite positioning system is called GNSS. An example of the satellite positioning system is GPS. The positioning augmentation system is a system that realizes a positioning augmentation service. An example of the positioning augmentation service is the centimeter-level augmentation service. The receiver network 211 consists of multiple receivers for the satellite positioning system and the position augmentation system.

[0013] 3 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the water vapor distribution observation device 100 according to this embodiment. The water vapor distribution observation device 100 includes a computer 10. The water vapor distribution observation device 100 may include multiple computers 10. Two or more elements constituting the water vapor distribution observation device 100 may be appropriately configured integrally. The receiving device may include an antenna 110, a receiver 120, a reinforcement data decoder 130, and the computer 10.

[0014] As shown in the figure, the computer 10 is a computer equipped with hardware such as a processor 11, a memory 12, an auxiliary storage device 13, an input / output IF (Interface) 14, and a communication device 15. These pieces of hardware are appropriately connected via signal lines 19.

[0015] The processor 11 is an integrated circuit (IC) that performs arithmetic processing, and controls hardware included in the computer 10. Specific examples of the processor 11 include a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a graphics processing unit (GPU). The computer 10 may include multiple processors that replace the processor 11. The multiple processors share the role of the processor 11.

[0016] The memory 12 is typically a volatile storage device, and a specific example is a RAM (Random Access Memory). The memory 12 is also called a primary storage device or a main memory. Data stored in the memory 12 is saved in the auxiliary storage device 13 as necessary.

[0017] The auxiliary storage device 13 is typically a non-volatile storage device, and specific examples thereof include a ROM (Read Only Memory), an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), or a flash memory. Data stored in the auxiliary storage device 13 is loaded into the memory 12 as necessary. The memory 12 and the auxiliary storage device 13 may be integrated into one unit.

[0018] The input / output IF14 is a port to which an input device and an output device are connected. As a specific example, the input / output IF14 is a USB (Universal Serial Bus) terminal. As specific examples of the input device, a keyboard and a mouse. As a specific example, the output device is a display. As specific examples, the receiver 120, the reinforcement data decoder 130, and the temperature sensor 160 are each connected to the input / output IF14.

[0019] The communication device 15 is a receiver and a transmitter, and is, for example, a communication chip or a network interface card (NIC).

[0020] Each part of the water vapor distribution observing device 100 may appropriately use the input / output IF 14 and the communication device 15 when communicating with other devices.

[0021] The auxiliary storage device 13 stores a water vapor distribution observation program. The water vapor distribution observation program is a program that causes a computer to realize the functions of each part of the water vapor distribution observation device 100. The water vapor distribution observation program is loaded into the memory 12 and executed by the processor 11. The functions of each part of the water vapor distribution observation device 100 are realized by software.

[0022] Data used when executing the water vapor distribution observation program and data obtained by executing the water vapor distribution observation program are appropriately stored in a storage device. Each part of the water vapor distribution observation device 100 appropriately uses a storage device. As a specific example, the storage device is composed of at least one of the memory 12, the auxiliary storage device 13, a register in the processor 11, and a cache memory in the processor 11. Note that data and information may have the same meaning. The storage device may be independent of the computer 10. The functions of the memory 12 and the auxiliary storage device 13 may be realized by other storage devices.

[0023] The water vapor distribution observation program may be recorded in a computer-readable non-volatile recording medium. Specific examples of the non-volatile recording medium include an optical disk and a flash memory. The water vapor distribution observation program may be provided as a program product.

[0024] ***Explanation of Operation*** The operation procedure of the water vapor distribution observation apparatus 100 corresponds to a water vapor distribution observation method, and the program that realizes the operation of the water vapor distribution observation apparatus 100 corresponds to a water vapor distribution observation program.

[0025] Fig. 4 shows an example of a processing flow of the water vapor distribution observation system 90. The processing flow of the water vapor distribution observation system 90 will be described with reference to Fig. 4.

[0026] (Step S101) The positioning calculation unit 140 obtains the distance from the receiver 120 to each satellite based on an observation equation of the pseudorange and the carrier phase, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional position and time of the receiver 120. At this time, the positioning calculation unit 140 uses GNSS satellite observation data and GNSS satellite augmentation data. The observation equation for the carrier phase is shown in [Equation 1]. Here, L represents the carrier phase observation amount, ρ represents the geometric distance, c represents the speed of light, dt represents the receiver clock error, dT represents the satellite clock error, I represents the ionospheric delay amount, T represents the tropospheric delay amount (STD: Slant Total Delay), λ represents the wavelength, N represents the ambiguity, and δL represents the observation noise.

[0027]

number

[0028] (Step S102) The operation of the delay amount derivation unit 150 will be described below. The tropospheric delay T is composed of the line-of-sight hydrostatic delay (SHD) and the line-of-sight wet delay (SWD) as shown in [Equation 2]. Note that SHD and SWD are as shown in [Equation 3] to [Equation 5].

[0029]

number

number

number

number

[0030] Here, EL is the elevation angle, AZ is the azimuth angle, and m d (EL) is the mapping function of the hydrostatic delay, m w (EL) is a mapping function of the amount of wet delay, and m(EL) is a mapping function set in the receiver 120. Also, EL and AZ each indicate an angle in the satellite line of sight. m d (EL) and m w Each of (EL) is a function that represents the degree to which the delay amount depends on the elevation angle EL of the satellite. Note that in this specification, the notation format of symbols is changed as appropriate when explaining symbols in mathematical expressions. T z,d ^(clas) denotes the amount of zenith hydrostatic delay included in the CLAS augmentation data, and T z,w ^(clas) indicates the amount of zenith wet delay included in the CLAS augmentation data. T z,w ^(est) denotes the zenith wet delay estimated at the receiver 120. Here, the NS coefficient G, which indicates the horizontal gradient of the mapping function, N ^S and WE coefficient G E ^W is a parameter related to the amount of wet delay estimated in the receiver 120. Here, in order to obtain the spatial variance of the water vapor amount with higher accuracy, the delay amount derivation unit 150 calculates the SWD observation residual v. As shown in [Mathematical Expression 6], the delay amount derivation unit 150 calculates the observation residual v by subtracting a model value from the observation amount updated based on the observation.

[0031]

number

[0032] The delay amount derivation unit 150 uses an ionospheric free coupling as shown in [Equation 7] in order to remove the error (first-order term) of the ionospheric delay amount included in the observation residual v. Here, δ SWD denotes the observation residual corresponding to the observation residual v when the ionospheric free coupling is used.

[0033]

number

[0034] Thereafter, the delay amount deriving unit 150 calculates the SWD and the observation residual δ, which are values ​​related to all satellites involved in the positioning calculation, as shown in [Equation 8]. SWD The sum of and is output.

[0035]

number

[0036] (Step S103) The precipitable water vapor estimation unit 170 estimates the amount of precipitable water vapor in the line of sight of the quasi-zenith satellite 220 relative to the receiver 120, using the water vapor pressure weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere and an output value related to the quasi-zenith satellite 220 among the output values ​​of the delay amount derivation unit 150. The water vapor pressure weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere is calculated using the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 160. [Reference 1] discloses a technique for obtaining PWV (Precipitable Water Vapor) with relatively high accuracy using ZWD (Zenith Wet Delay) and ground temperature. Here, since the quasi-zenith satellite 220 stays in an area where the elevation angle is 70 degrees or more, the SWD of the quasi-zenith satellite 220 is equivalent to the ZWD described in [Reference 1]. Therefore, the precipitable water vapor estimation unit 170 can estimate the precipitable water vapor in the line of sight of the quasi-zenith satellite 220 relative to the receiver 120 using the method described in [Reference 1].

[0037] [Reference 1] Ryu Otani et al., "Precipitable Water Estimated from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan GPS Observation Network," Meteorological Society of Japan, May 1997

[0038] ***Explanation of the Effects of the First Embodiment*** According to the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, the temperature and air pressure at the location where the mobile station device is located are estimated, the Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) at the location where the mobile station device is located is derived from the estimated Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZWD) and air pressure, and the amount of precipitable water is estimated from the derived Zenith Tropospheric Delay and the estimated temperature. Here, ZTD is the integrated value of the vertical tropospheric delay of all satellites used in the positioning calculation. Therefore, ZTD indicates the spatial average of an inverted cone region with a diameter of about 40 km. Therefore, Patent Document 1 has a problem that the occurrence of a cumulonimbus cloud with a diameter of about 10 km at the location where the mobile station device is located cannot be accurately detected due to insufficient spatial resolution. In addition, according to the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to use a fixed station device to transmit data to a mobile station device located within an area surrounded by the fixed station device. Therefore, according to the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, since a communication means between the fixed station device and the mobile station device is required, there is a possibility that the amount of precipitable water cannot be estimated during disaster-level rainfall when communication infrastructure may be disrupted.

[0039] Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining the effect of this embodiment. Fig. 5 shows the observation range of precipitable water vapor when using the quasi-zenith satellite 220 and the observation range of precipitable water vapor when using a conventional GPS satellite. Conventional GPS satellites pass near the zenith intermittently and within an hour, so the precipitable water mass estimated by the conventional method corresponds to the spatial average of an inverted cone with a diameter of about 40 km. On the other hand, according to this embodiment, the amount of precipitable water is estimated using the positioning data of the quasi-zenith satellite 220 that continuously stays in an area with an elevation angle of 70 degrees or more. Therefore, according to this embodiment, since the horizontal resolution is about 1 km in an area at an altitude of 2 km from the earth's surface, the amount of precipitable water can be continuously estimated in a relatively narrow area. The target area is an area corresponding to the horizontal resolution. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the occurrence and growth of a cumulonimbus cloud with a diameter of about 10 km can be detected with relatively high accuracy. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, when estimating precipitable water vapor, it is sufficient to have only the observation data related to the Centimeter-Level Augmentation Service (CLAS) of the Quasi-Zenith Satellite 220 and the temperature data received by the receiver 120. Therefore, according to this embodiment, even if the communication infrastructure is disrupted, the precipitable water vapor can be estimated using only the observation data and temperature data received by the receiver 120. Therefore, even during disaster-level rainfall that may disrupt the communication infrastructure, the water vapor distribution observation device 100 according to this embodiment can estimate the precipitable water vapor.

[0040] ***Other configurations*** <Variation 1> FIG. 6 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a water vapor distribution observing device 100 according to this modified example. The water vapor distribution observation device 100 includes a processing circuit 18 in place of the processor 11 , the processor 11 and a memory 12 , the processor 11 and an auxiliary storage device 13 , or the processor 11 , the memory 12 , and the auxiliary storage device 13 . The processing circuit 18 is hardware that realizes at least a part of each unit of the water vapor distribution observation device 100. The processing circuitry 18 may be dedicated hardware, or may be a processor that executes programs stored in the memory 12 .

[0041] When processing circuitry 18 is dedicated hardware, processing circuitry 18 may be, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof. The water vapor distribution observation device 100 may include a plurality of processing circuits that replace the processing circuit 18. The plurality of processing circuits share the role of the processing circuit 18.

[0042] In the water vapor distribution observation device 100, some of the functions may be realized by dedicated hardware, and the remaining functions may be realized by software or firmware.

[0043] Processing circuitry 18 is illustratively implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. The processor 11, the memory 12, the auxiliary storage device 13, and the processing circuit 18 are collectively referred to as the “processing circuitry.” In other words, the functions of the functional components of the water vapor distribution observation device 100 are realized by the processing circuitry.

[0044] ***Other embodiments*** Although the first embodiment has been described, it is possible to combine a plurality of parts of the present embodiment. Alternatively, it is possible to partially implement the present embodiment. In addition, the present embodiment may be modified in various ways as necessary, and may be implemented in any combination, either as a whole or in part. The above-described embodiment is essentially a preferred example, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, its applications, and uses. The described procedure may be modified as appropriate. [Explanation of symbols]

[0045] 10 computer, 11 processor, 12 memory, 13 auxiliary storage device, 14 input / output IF, 15 communication device, 18 processing circuit, 19 signal line, 90 water vapor distribution observation system, 100 water vapor distribution observation device, 110 antenna, 120 receiver, 130 augmentation data decoder, 140 positioning calculation unit, 150 delay amount derivation unit, 160 temperature sensor, 170 precipitable water vapor estimation unit, 210 positioning satellite, 211 receiver network, 220 quasi-zenith satellite.

Claims

1. A water vapor distribution observation device having a receiving device that receives observation data from each of a positioning satellite and a quasi-zenith satellite, and receives augmentation data from the quasi-zenith satellite, the augmentation data being data indicating each of a zenith hydrostatic delay amount and a zenith wet delay amount in a target area, the augmentation data corresponding to the quasi-zenith satellite, and being data for improving the accuracy of satellite positioning, Derive a line-of-sight wet delay amount of the quasi-zenith satellite with respect to the receiving device based on a zenith wet delay amount indicated by the reinforcement data and a zenith wet delay amount in the target area estimated by the receiving device; deriving an observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay amount based on an observation residual of the carrier phase observation amount obtained based on the reinforcement data and the carrier phase observation amount observed in the receiving device; a delay amount deriving unit that derives a delay amount by adding an observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay amount to the line-of-sight wet delay amount; a precipitable water vapor estimation unit that estimates precipitable water vapor in the target area based on the delay amount and a water vapor pressure weighted average temperature of the atmosphere in the target area; A water vapor distribution observation device comprising: The target area is a water vapor distribution observation device that includes the position of the receiving device.

2. A water vapor distribution observation device as described in Claim 1, wherein the target area is an area including a circular area having a diameter of 10 km.

3. The water vapor distribution observation device further includes: a positioning calculation unit that calculates a three-dimensional position and a time of the receiving device based on the observation data received from each of the positioning satellites and the quasi-zenith satellites and the augmentation data; Equipped with The delay amount derivation unit Deriving an observation residual of the carrier phase observation amount based on the three-dimensional position and time of the receiving device; 3. The water vapor distribution observation device according to claim 1, wherein the observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay is derived using the observation residual of the derived carrier phase observation amount.

4. The delay amount derivation unit deriving an observation residual of the carrier phase observation amount using the augmentation data, the carrier phase observation amount, and an observation equation of the carrier phase of the quasi-zenith satellite; 4. The water vapor distribution observation device according to claim 1, wherein the observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay is derived using the observation residual of the derived carrier phase observation amount and ionospheric free coupling.

5. A water vapor distribution observation method executed by a computer equipped in a water vapor distribution observation device equipped with a receiving device that receives observation data from each of a positioning satellite and a quasi-zenith satellite, and receives augmentation data from the quasi-zenith satellite, the augmentation data being data indicating each of a zenith hydrostatic delay amount and a zenith wet delay amount in a target area, the augmentation data corresponding to the quasi-zenith satellite, and being data for improving accuracy of satellite positioning, comprising: The computer, Derive a line-of-sight wet delay amount of the quasi-zenith satellite with respect to the receiving device based on a zenith wet delay amount indicated by the reinforcement data and a zenith wet delay amount in the target area estimated by the receiving device; deriving an observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay amount based on an observation residual of the carrier phase observation amount obtained based on the reinforcement data and the carrier phase observation amount observed in the receiving device; A delay amount is derived by adding an observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay amount to the line-of-sight wet delay amount; A water vapor distribution observation method for estimating precipitable water vapor in a target area based on the delay amount and a water vapor pressure weighted average temperature of the atmosphere in the target area, comprising: A water vapor distribution observation method, wherein the target area is an area including the position of the receiving device.

6. A water vapor distribution observation program executed by a computer equipped with a water vapor distribution observation device having a receiving device that receives observation data from each of a positioning satellite and a quasi-zenith satellite, and receives augmentation data from the quasi-zenith satellite, the augmentation data being data indicating each of a zenith hydrostatic delay amount and a zenith wet delay amount in a target area, the augmentation data corresponding to the quasi-zenith satellite, and being data for improving the accuracy of satellite positioning, comprising: Derive a line-of-sight wet delay amount of the quasi-zenith satellite with respect to the receiving device based on a zenith wet delay amount indicated by the reinforcement data and a zenith wet delay amount in the target area estimated by the receiving device; deriving an observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay amount based on an observation residual of the carrier phase observation amount obtained based on the reinforcement data and the carrier phase observation amount observed in the receiving device; a delay amount derivation process for deriving a delay amount by adding an observation residual of the line-of-sight wet delay amount to the line-of-sight wet delay amount; a precipitable water vapor estimation process for estimating precipitable water vapor in the target area based on the delay amount and a water vapor pressure weighted average temperature of the atmosphere in the target area; A water vapor distribution observation program for causing the computer to execute the above steps, A water vapor distribution observation program, wherein the target area is an area including the position of the receiving device.

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