Polyolefin composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to polyolefin compositions comprising (a) a sterically hindered amine light stabilizer of formula (1) as defined herein, (b) a hydrotalcite or inorganic oxide, and (c) a hydroxylamine or amine oxide stabilizer, flame retardant articles comprising such compositions, and the use of components (b) and (c) to reduce odor in polyolefin compositions comprising component (a).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a polyolefin composition comprising (a) a sterically hindered amine light stabilizer of formula (1) defined hereinafter, (b) a hydrotalcite or an inorganic oxide, and (c) a hydroxylamine stabilizer or an amine oxide stabilizer, a flame-retardant article comprising such a composition, and the use of components (b) and (c) for reducing the odor in a polyolefin composition comprising component (a).

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0002] The present invention relates to (a) a compound of the following formula

Chemical Formula

Chemical Formula

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0003] Component (b) as the hydrotalcite is preferably a natural or synthetic hydrotalcite, especially a mixed hydroxide of formula (b-I) or (b-II).

[0004] M 2+ 1-a M 3+a (OH) 2 (A b- ) a / b xc H 2 O (b-I) M 2+ d Al 3+ 2 (OH) 2d+6-eb (A b- ) e xf H 2 O (b-II) M 2+ is, for example, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ or Ni 2+ .

[0005] M 3+ is, for example, Al 3+ , B 3+ or Bi 3+ .

[0006] a is, for example, a number up to 0.5 at most.

[0007] A b- is an anion with valence b, for example Cl - , Br - , NO 3- , CO 3 2- , SO 4 2- or SeO 4 2- .

[0008] b is, for example, an integer from 1 to 4.

[0009] c is, for example, 0 or a number up to 2 at most.

[0010] d is, for example, a number up to 6 at most.

[0011] e is, for example, a number up to 2 at most.

[0012] f is, for example, a number from 0 to a maximum of 15.

[0013] Particularly targeted hydrotalcite is a layered double hydroxide containing a positively charged hydroxide ion layer and anions that balance the charges located in the interlayer region.

[0014] Component b) is, in particular, at least one aluminum magnesium carbonate hydroxide hydrate commercially available, for example, as Hycite® 713, DHT-4A®, DHT-4V®, DHT-4A-2®, DHT-4C® or Sorbacid® 911, or an aluminum zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate commercially available, for example, as ZHT-4V® or Sorbacid® 944, or a mixture thereof.

[0015] Particularly of interest is an aluminum magnesium carbonate hydroxide hydrate commercially available, for example, as Hycite® 713 or DHT-4A®.

[0016] Component (b) as an inorganic oxide is preferably calcium oxide, magnesium oxide or zinc oxide, particularly calcium oxide.

[0017] Regarding component (b), inorganic oxides are preferred.

[0018] The amine oxide stabilizer of component (c) is, for example, of the general formula

Chemical formula

[0019] Most preferably, R 5 and R 6 are each independently C 14 ~C 24 alkyl, especially C 16 ~C 18 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 5 and R 6 are C 10 alkyl.

[0020] The amine oxide stabilizer of the polyolefin composition of the present invention may also contain poly(amine oxide). Poly(amine oxide) means a tertiary amine oxide containing at least two tertiary amine oxides per molecule. Exemplary poly(amine oxides), also referred to as "poly-(tertiary amine oxides)", include tertiary amine oxide analogs of aliphatic diamines and cycloaliphatic diamines, such as 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,10-diaminodecane and 1,4-diaminocyclohexane and aromatic-based diamines, such as diaminoanthraquinone and diaminoanisole. Similarly, tertiary amine oxides derived from oligomers and polymers of the above-mentioned diamines are included in the present invention.

[0021] Further examples of the amine oxide stabilizer for component (c) are presented in paragraph 6 of the list of additives presented hereinafter.

[0022] The amine oxide stabilizer of component (c) is preferably a compound of formula (3) to which the above definitions and preferences apply.

[0023] The hydroxylamine stabilizer of component (c) is preferably a compound of the following formula [Chemical formula] (wherein R 7 and R 8 are independently of each other C 1 ~C 30 alkyl or benzyl) is.

[0024] Examples of alkyl having up to 30 carbon atoms are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl.

[0025] Examples of the hydroxylamine stabilizer for component (c) are N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, and N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallow amine, N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine, N,N-di-tert-butylhydroxylamine, N-cyclohexylhydroxylamine, N-cyclododecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dicyclohexylhydroxylamine, N,N-didecylhydroxylamine, N,N-di(cocoalkyl)hydroxylamine, N,N-di(C 20 ~C 22 alkyl)hydroxylamine, N-heptatriacontyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine.

[0026] The most preferred hydroxylamine stabilizer for component (c) is the compound of formula (4) wherein R7 and R 8 is C 16 ~C 18 is alkyl).

[0027] As component (c), a hydroxylamine stabilizer, particularly one represented by formula (4) that meets the above definitions and preferences, is highly preferred.

[0028] A composition in which the weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) is from 300:1 to 1:1, particularly from 100:1 to 1:1, more preferably from 50:1 to 1:1 is preferred. A ratio of 40:1 to 2:1 is highly preferred.

[0029] A composition in which the weight ratio of component (a) to component (c) is from 300:1 to 1:1, particularly from 100:1 to 1:1, more preferably from 50:1 to 1:1 is even more preferred. A ratio of 40:1 to 2:1 is highly preferred.

[0030] Regarding component (a), it is preferred to use 0.01 to 40% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 40% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 30% by weight of component (a) based on the weight of the present composition. An amount of 0.2 to 20% by weight is highly preferred.

[0031] The polyolefin is preferably polyethylene or its copolymer, or polypropylene or its copolymer. Polypropylene or its copolymer is preferred.

[0032] Polyethylene is preferably selected from HD-PE, MD-PE, LD-PE, LLD-PE, metallocene PE, PE-X, mixtures of PE, recycled PE, bimodal PE, PE-RT, PE32, PE40, PE63, PE80, PE100, PE112, PE125, PE100RC, PE100RT and PE100RD, particularly from high density polyethylene (HD-PE), medium density polyethylene (MD-PE), low density polyethylene (LD-PE), linear low density polyethylene (LLD-PE), metallocene polyethylene, crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X), recycled polyethylene, bimodal polyethylene and mixtures of polyethylene.

[0033] Similarly, ethylene / propylene copolymers and mixtures with other synthetic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene are taken into account.

[0034] In the corresponding mixtures, the amount by weight of polyethylene is preferably 20 to 99.9%, more preferably 50 to 99.9%, especially 75 to 99.9%. It is very preferred that the amount by weight of polyethylene is 85 to 99.9%.

[0035] In the case of copolymers, the molar amount of ethylene is preferably 20 to 99.9%, more preferably 50 to 99.9%, especially 75 to 99.9% with respect to the total molar amount of ethylene and propylene. It is very preferred that the molar amount of ethylene is 85 to 99.9%.

[0036] Polypropylene is preferably a polypropylene homopolymer or a propylene / ethylene copolymer, or a mixture with other synthetic polymers such as polypropylene and polyethylene.

[0037] For example, polypropylene can be classified as atactic polypropylene (PP-at), syndiotactic polypropylene (PP-st) or isotactic polypropylene (PP-it). The density of polypropylene is preferably 0.85 to 0.95 g / cm 3Among them, especially between 0.895 and 0.92 g / cm 3 It is between.

[0038] As the polypropylene, polypropylene, propylene / ethylene copolymer, and mixtures with other synthetic polymers such as polypropylene and polyethylene are particularly preferred. Polypropylene and propylene / ethylene copolymers, especially polypropylene, are highly preferred.

[0039] In the corresponding mixture, the amount based on the weight of polypropylene is preferably 20 to 99.9%, more preferably 50 to 99.9%, especially 75 to 99.9%. The amount based on the weight of polypropylene is very preferably 85 to 99.9%.

[0040] In the case of the copolymer, the molar amount of propylene is preferably 20 to 99.9%, more preferably 50 to 99.9%, especially 75 to 99.9% with respect to the total molar amount of propylene and ethylene. The molar amount of propylene is very preferably 85 to 99.9%.

[0041] The polyolefin used can be an unused substance, or a recycled substance or a blend thereof.

[0042] The polyolefin composition according to the present invention may further contain one or more conventional additives, such as the following: 1. Antioxidant 1.1. Alkylated monophenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, nonylphenols with straight-chain or branched side chains, such as 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylpentadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol, and mixtures thereof.

[0043] 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol, thiobis-[2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4,1-phenylene]bis[3-(dodecylthio)propionate].

[0044] 1.3. Hydroquinone and alkylated hydroquinones, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate.

[0045] 1.4. Tocopherols, such as α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (vitamin E).

[0046] 1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, such as 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

[0047] 1.6. Alkylidenebisphenols, such as 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephthalate, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy 2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

[0048] 1.7. O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, such as 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tridecyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, isooctyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetate.

[0049] 1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, such as dioctadecyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) malonate, di-octadecyl 2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) malonate, di-dodecyl mercaptoethyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl] 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonate.

[0050] 1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, such as 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

[0051] 1.10. Triazine compounds, such as 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.

[0052] 1.11. Benzylphosphonates, such as dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.

[0053] 1.12. Acylaminophenols, such as 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.

[0054] 1.13. Esters of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0055] 1.14. Esters of β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; esters with 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane.

[0056] 1.15. Esters of β-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0057] 1.16. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0058] 1.17. Amides of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, such as N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxamide (Naugard® XL-1, supplied by Uniroyal).

[0059] 1.18. Amino antioxidants, such as N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine, such as p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyldiphenylamine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated isopropyl / isohexyldiphenylamine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamine, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octylphenothiazine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-octyl-phenothiazine, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobuta-2-ene.,

[0060] 2. UV Absorbents and Light Stabilizers 2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, such as 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-bis-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylene-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-(Tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; The transesterification product of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole and polyethylene glycol 300;, [Chemical formula] (In the formula, R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole); 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole.

[0061] 2.2. 2-Hydroxybenzophenones, such as 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.

[0062] 2.3. Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids, such as 4-tert-butyl-phenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoyl resorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl) resorcinol, benzoyl resorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.

[0063] 2.4. Acrylic esters, such as ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, methyl α-carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl α-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate, N-(β-carbomethoxy-β-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline, tetra(α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate neopentyl).

[0064] 2.5. Steric hindrance amines, such as 1,6 - hexanediamine N,N'-bis(1 - propyloxy - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidinyl)-N,N'-bis - 2-[4,5 - bis-(N - n - butyl - N'-1 - propyloxy - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidinyl)-1,3,5 - triazine], 1,6 - hexanediamine N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidinyl)-N,N'-bis - 2-[4,5 - bis-(N - n - butyl - N'-2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidinyl)-1,3,5 - triazine], bis(1 - undecyloxy - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl) carbonate, bis(2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl) sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl) succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6 - pentamethyl - 4 - piperidyl) sebacate, bis(1 - octyloxy - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl) sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6 - pentamethyl - 4 - piperidyl) n - butyl - 3,5 - di - tert - butyl - 4 - hydroxybenzyl malonate, condensate of 1-(2 - hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4 - tert - octylamino - 2,6 - dichloro - 1,3,5 - triazine, tris(2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl) nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl)-1,2,3,4 - butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2 - ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5 - tetramethylpiperazinone), 4 - benzoyl - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethylpiperidine, 4 - stearyloxy - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1,2,2,6,6 - pentamethylpiperidyl)-2 - n - butyl - 2-(2 - hydroxy - 3,5 - di - tert - butylbenzyl) malonate, 3 - n - octyl - 7,7,9,9 - tetramethyl - 1,3,8 - triazaspiro[4.5]decane - 2,4 - dione, bis(1 - octyloxy - 2,2,6,(6 - tetramethylpiperidyl) sebacate, bis(1 - octyloxy - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethylpiperidyl) succinate, linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine with 4 - morpholino - 2,6 - dichloro - 1,3,5 - triazine, condensates of 2 - chloro - 4,6 - bis(4 - n - butylamino - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethylpiperidyl) - 1,3,5 - triazine with 1,2 - bis(3 - aminopropylamino)ethane, condensates of 2 - chloro - 4,6 - di-(4 - n - butylamino - 1,2,2,6,6 - pentamethylpiperidyl) - 1,3,5 - triazine with 1,2 - bis(3 - aminopropylamino)ethane, 8 - acetyl - 3 - dodecyl - 7,7,9,9 - tetramethyl - 1,3,8 - triazaspiro[4.5]decane - 2,4 - dione, 3 - dodecyl - 1 - (2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl)pyrrolidine - 2,5 - dione, 3 - dodecyl - 1 - (1,2,2,6,6 - pentamethyl - 4 - piperidyl)pyrrolidine - 2,5 - dione, mixtures of 4 - hexadecyloxy - and 4 - stearyloxy - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethylpiperidine, condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine with 4 - cyclohexylamino - 2,6 - dichloro - 1,3,5 - triazine, condensates of 1,2 - bis(3 - aminopropylamino)ethane with 2,4,6 - trichloro - 1,3,5 - triazine, and condensates with 4 - butylamino - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethylpiperidine (CAS registration number [136504 - 96 - 6]); condensates of 1,6 - hexanediamine with 2,4,6 - trichloro - 1,3,5 - triazine, and condensates of N,N - dibutylamine with 4 - butylamino - 2,2,6,6 - tetramethylpiperidine (CAS registration number [192268 - 64 - 7]); N-(2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl - 4 - piperidyl) - n - dodecylsuccinimide, N-(1,2,2,6,6 - pentamethyl - 4 - piperidyl) - n - dodecylsuccinimide, 2 - undecyl - 7,7,9,9 - tetramethyl - 1 - oxa - 3,8 - diaza - 4 - oxo - spiro[4,5]decane, 7,7,9,9 - tetramethyl - 2 - cycloundecyl - 1 - oxa - 3,Reaction product of 8-diaza-4-oxospiro-[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene, N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine, diester of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid with 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, poly[methylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]siloxane, reaction product of maleic anhydride-α-olefin copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, Sanduvor (Clariant; CAS Registry No. 106917-31-1), 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, reaction product of 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine and N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine), 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, [Chemical formula]

[0065] 2.6 Benzooxazinone derivatives, such as 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)bis[4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one] (CAS No. 018600-59-4).

[0066] 2.7. Oxamides, such as 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxyoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxyoxanilide and a mixture thereof with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxyoxanilide, a mixture of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides, and a mixture of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.

[0067] 2.8. 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, such as 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyloxy / tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-{2-hydroxy-4-[3-(2-ethylhexyl-1-oxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl}-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(4-[2-ethylhexyloxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4,6-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-(2-ethyl-(n)-hexyloxy)phenol.,

[0068] 3. Metal deactivators such as N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyldihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyldihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyldihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oxalyldihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyldihydrazide.

[0069] 3a. Formamidines such as ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-N'-ethyl-N'-phenylformamidine.

[0070] 4. Phosphites and phosphonites, such as triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl alkyl phosphite, phenyl dialkyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxy pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) 4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, [3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert.butyl-1,1'biphenyl-2,2'-diyl]-[3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert.butyl-phenyl)-propyl]-phosphite, 6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) ethyl phosphite, tris-[4-tert.butyl-2-(5-tert.butyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, tris-[4-(1,1'3,3'-tetramethyl-butane)-2-(5-(1,1'3,3'-tetramethyl-butane-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, tris-[2,6-dimethyl-(5,7-di-tert.butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, bis-[2,6-dimethyl-(5,7-di-tert.(Butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phenyl-phosphite, bis-[2,6-dimethyl-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-[2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl]-phosphite, [3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'biphenyl-2,2'-diyl]-[4-tert-butyl-(5-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, [3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'biphenyl-2,2'-diyl]-[2,6-dimethyl-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, [2,2'-methylene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,1'-diyl]-[1,6-dimethyl-4-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, [2,2'-ethylene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,1'-diyl]-[1,6-dimethyl-4-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, [2,2'-ethylene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,1'-diyl]-[1-methyl-6-tert-butyl-4-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, bis-(2,6-dimethyl-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenol)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis-(1-methyl-6-tert-butyl-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenol)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis-(4-tert-butyl-(5-tert.(Butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenol)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis-(4-(1,1'3,3'-tetramethyl-butane)-(5-(1,1'3,3'-tetramethyl-butane))-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenol)pentaerythritol diphosphite, 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 2,2',2''-nitrilo[triethyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite], 2-ethylhexyl(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite, 5-butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane.

[0071] The following phosphites are particularly preferred: Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (Irgafos® 168, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.), tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, a mixture of 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl and 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl triesters of phosphorous acid (CAS Registry Number 939402-02-5), a triphenyl phosphite polymer with alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl) C10-16 alkyl ester] (CAS Registry Number, 1227937-46-3).

[0072] [Chemical formula] TIFF0007692429000008.tif77152[2,2'-ethylene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,1'-diyl]-[1,6-dimethyl-4-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, [2,2'-ethylene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,1'-diyl]-[1-methyl-6-tert-butyl-4-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite, [3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'biphenyl-2,2'-diyl]-[3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-phenyl)-propyl]-phosphite.

[0073] 5. Hydroxylamine, such as N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallow amine, N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine, N,N-di-tert-butylhydroxylamine, N-cyclohexylhydroxylamine, N-cyclododecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dicyclohexylhydroxylamine, N,N-didecylhydroxylamine, N,N-di(cocoalkyl)hydroxylamine, N,N-di(C 20 ~C 22 alkyl)hydroxylamine, N-heptatriacontyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine.

[0074] 6. Amine oxides, such as N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine oxide, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydrox-ylamine oxide, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine oxide derived from hydrogenated tallow amine, amine, bis(hydrogenated natane oil alkyl) methyl, N-oxide.

[0075] 7. Nitrones, such as N-benzyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, N-ethyl-alpha-methylnitrone, N-octyl-alpha-heptylnitrone, N-lauryl-alpha-undecylnitrone, N-tetradecyl-alpha-tridecylnitrone, N-hexadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-hexadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl(ocatadecyl)-alpha-pentadecylnitrone, N-heptadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-hexadecylnitrone, nitrone derived from N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallow amine.

[0076] 8. Thio synergists, such as dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimistryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(dodecylthio)propionate] or distearyl disulfide.

[0077] 9. Peroxide scavengers, such as esters of β-thiodipropionic acid, such as lauryl ester, stearyl ester, myristyl ester or tridecyl ester, zinc salts of mercaptobenzimidazole or 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis(β-dodecylmercapto)propionate.

[0078] 10. Basic co-stabilizers, such as melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids, such as calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate, zeolites, hydrotalcite, hydrocalumite.

[0079] 11. Nucleating agents, such as inorganic substances, such as talc, metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, preferably alkaline earth metal salts of phosphoric acid, carbonic acid or sulfuric acid; organic compounds, such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and their salts, such as 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate; polymer compounds, such as ionic copolymers (ionomers). Particularly preferred are 1,3:2,4-bis(3',4'-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3:2,4-di(p-methyl dibenzylidene)sorbitol and 1,3:2,4-di(benzylidene)sorbitol. Beta nucleating agents are also of interest.

[0080] 12. Fillers and reinforcing agents, such as calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibers, carbon fibers, glass beads, asbestos, talc (preferably having a particle size of 0.01 to 20 μm), kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wood flour and wheat flour or fibers of other natural products, synthetic fibers.

[0081] 13. Other additives, such as plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheology additives, catalysts, flow control agents, optical brighteners, anti-inflammatory agents, antistatic agents and foaming agents.

[0082] 14. Benzofuranones and indolinones, such as those disclosed in U.S.4,325,863; U.S.4,338,244; U.S.5,175,312; U.S.5,216,052; U.S.5,252,643; DE-A-4316611; DE-A-4316622; DE-A-4316876; EP-A-0589839, EP-A-0591102; EP-A-1291384, or 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one], 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2-acetyl-5-isooctylphenyl)-5-isooctylbenzofuran-2-one.

[0083] The weight ratio of the total amount of this component (a) to the conventional additives can be, for example, 100:1 to 1:1000 or 10:1 to 1:100 or 20:1 to 1:20 or 10:1 to 1:10.

[0084] Conventional additives may be present in the polyolefin composition according to the invention in an amount of, for example, 0.001 to 30%, in particular 0.001 to 20%, based on the weight of the polyolefin. An amount of 0.1 to 20% is preferred.

[0085] Components (a), (b) and (c) and optionally further additives according to the invention can be easily incorporated into the polyolefin by conventional techniques at any convenient stage before the manufacture of the molded article.

[0086] Components (a), (b) and (c) may, if desired, be added together or sequentially at various stages of processing the polyolefin.

[0087] Components (a), (b) and (c) and optionally further additives can be advantageously incorporated by one of the following methods: - as an emulsion or dispersion, - as a dry mixture between blends, - by direct introduction into a processing apparatus (e.g., an extruder, a closed mixer), - as a melt It can be advantageously incorporated by.

[0088] The incorporation of components (a), (b) and (c) and optionally further additives is best carried out in a heat compounding step. After complete blending of components (a), (b) and (c) and optionally further additives, extrusion of the physical blend at high temperature follows. Usually, an extruder having a suitable screw configuration is used for this step.

[0089] Components (a), (b) and (c) and optionally further additives of the present invention can also be added to the polyolefin in the form of a masterbatch (“concentrate”), which masterbatch contains components (a), (b) and (c) and optionally further additives of the present invention, incorporated into a further polymer of the masterbatch such as in polyethylene or polypropylene. The total concentration of additives in such a masterbatch is, for example, from 1% to 90% by weight, preferably from 1% to 40% by weight, in particular from 2.5% to 25% by weight of the masterbatch. Polymers such as polyethylene or polypropylene can be present in such a masterbatch at a concentration of 10% to 99%, preferably 60% to 99%, in particular 75% to 97.5%. The said polymer of the masterbatch does not necessarily have to be a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. The masterbatch can be, for example, in the form of a powder, granules, a dispersion or in the form of a latex.

[0090] The polyolefin composition of the present invention can be used in various forms and / or processed to obtain various end products, for example, films, fibers, tapes, molding compositions or profiles.

[0091] More particularly, the individual articles of the end product can be of any type of polymer article, which article is required to be stable in natural light and / or humidity at low, ambient or high temperatures and / or the flame retardancy of the above polymer article is to be improved.

[0092] Examples of such articles are generally plastic films (packaging, refuse, laminates, swimming pool covers, garbage bags, wallpapers, shrink wraps, raffia, desalination films, batteries and connectors), and also, in particular, agricultural films (greenhouse covers, tunnels, mulches, silage, veil wraps) in the presence of intensive application of pesticides.

[0093] The polymeric article can be produced by any method available to those skilled in the art, including, but not limited to, extrusion, extrusion blow molding, film casting, inflation molding, calendering, injection molding, blow molding, compression molding, thermoforming, spinning, blow extrusion, or rotational casting.

[0094] When producing a desired polymeric article from the polymer composition of the present invention, depending on the final form of the article, any suitable apparatus can be used, for example, a blow extruder for films, an extruder for sheets, or an injection molding machine.

[0095] Accordingly, another embodiment of the present invention is an article made from the composition of the present invention described above. Polyolefin articles for agricultural use, preferably thin layer films usually obtained by blow extrusion technology, are preferred. Particularly interesting are single-layer films with a thickness of 180 microns or 120 microns, usually 60 - 180 microns, or three-layer, five-layer or seven-layer multilayer films. The most important use of thin film plastic films in agriculture is as covers for greenhouses and tunnels for cultivating crops in a protected environment.

[0096] Multilayer polyolefin films are also preferred.

[0097] Such multilayer films are usually made from three, five or seven layers. This can result in film structures such as A - B - A, A - B - C, A - B - C - B - A, A - B - C - B - D, A - B - C - D - C - B - A or A - A - B - C - B - A - A. A, B, C, D represent various polymers and tackifiers as specified below.

[0098] However, adjacent layers can also be joined, so that the final film article can be made from an even number of layers, i.e., two, four or six layers, for example, A - A - B - A, A - A - B - B, A - A - B - A - A, A - B - B - A - A, A - A - B - C - B, A - A - B - C - A - A, etc.

[0099] The composition according to the invention is particularly useful for stabilizing greenhouse film covers which are in contact with pesticidal compounds such as metam-sodium (sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate), simoxanil (2-cyano-N-[(ethylamino)carbonyl]-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide), thiram (bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide), mancozeb (Mn-Zn-ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate)) or elemental sulfur, in particular elemental sulfur or metam-sodium.

[0100] Accordingly, a further embodiment of the invention is a cover of a polyolefin film for a greenhouse which is in contact with a pesticidal compound.

[0101] A further embodiment of the invention is a method for stabilizing a polyolefin against degradation induced by light, heat, oxidation or the action of a pesticidal compound, the method comprising the step of incorporating into the polyolefin the components (a), (b) and (c) as defined above.

[0102] Furthermore, the mixture of components (a), (b) and (c) can impart flame retardancy to the polyolefin. Accordingly, a further embodiment of the invention is a flame retardant article comprising the composition of the invention as defined previously herein.

[0103] An additional embodiment of the invention relates to the use of components (b) and (c) for reducing the odor in a polyolefin composition comprising component (a), with the proviso that components (a), (b) and (c), and the definitions and preferences regarding the polyolefin as indicated previously herein apply.

[0104] It has been found that a polyolefin composition comprising component (a) may exhibit a specific odor which may be due to butyric acid. Surprisingly, the odor can be significantly reduced by using components (b) and (c).

[0105] The following examples illustrate the present invention in more detail. Percentages and parts are by weight unless otherwise specified.

Example

[0106] [Examples 1 - 9] A) Components Used Polypropylene polymer: Moplen HP552R, manufacturer LyondellBasell Industries N.V.

[0107] Component (a1): Compound of formula (1) available as Flamestab® NOR 116 FF, manufacturer BASF SE.

[0108] Component (b1): Aluminum magnesium carbonate hydroxide hydrate available as DHT - 4V® from Kisuma Chemicals B.V.

[0109] Component (b2): Calcium oxide (available as Kezadol DAB from Kettlitz - Chemie GmbH & Co. KG).

[0110] Component (c1): N,N - dioctadecylhydroxylamine available as Irgastab® FS 042 from BASF SE.

[0111] Component (c2): N - methyldioctadecylamine oxide B) Preparation of Pellets and Tests The polypropylene polymer Moplen HP552R (hereinafter represented as PP) and the individual components shown in Table 1 below are dry - blended in the amounts shown in Table 1, and then melt - compounded into pellets at a T max temperature of 230 °C using a DSM twin - screw micro - compounder R.

[0112] In each of the pelletized compositions produced by the thermal desorption GC - MS method, butyric acid, which is the source of the generated odor, is evaluated.

[0113] Based on the thermal desorption GC-MS method, butyric acid was extracted from the test piece pellets by thermal desorption and then quantified by GC-MS analysis.

[0114] The results obtained are shown in Table 1 below.

[0115]

Table 1

[0116] The results in Table 1 above clearly show that the combination of the components of the present invention significantly reduces the amount of butyric acid that causes odor. The present invention includes the following embodiments. (Embodiment 1) (a) A compound of the following formula

Chemical formula

Chemical formula

Chem.

Chem.

Claims

1. (a) A compound of the following formula 【Chemical Formula 1】 (wherein, R 1 and R 2 are based on the following formula ​ and R 3 and R 4 One of them is hydrogen, and R 3 and R 4 The other remaining one is a group of formula (2)) (b) Hydrotalcite, or an inorganic oxide such as calcium oxide, magnesium oxide or zinc oxide, or a mixture thereof, and (c) A compound of the following formula [Chemical 3] (wherein R7 and R8 are each independently C1-C30 alkyl or benzyl) is a hydroxylamine stabilizer or a compound of the following formula 【Chemical 4】 (wherein R5 and R6 are each independently C1-C30 alkyl) is an amine oxide stabilizer A polyolefin composition comprising: The weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) is from 500:1 to 1:1, and The weight ratio of component (a) to component (c) is from 500:1 to 1:1, said composition.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (b) is aluminum magnesium carbonate hydroxide hydrate or aluminum zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein component (b) is aluminum magnesium carbonate hydroxide hydrate.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (b) is calcium oxide.

5. R 7 and R 8 are each independently C 16 to C 18 alkyl, the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. R 5 and R 6 are each independently C 8 to C 30 alkyl, the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein 0.01 to 50% by weight of component (a) is used based on the weight of the composition.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the polyolefin is polyethylene or polypropylene, or a copolymer thereof.

9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the polyolefin is polypropylene or a copolymer thereof.

10. Use of components (b) and (c) for reducing the odor in a polyolefin composition containing component (a), wherein components (a), (b) and (c) are as described in claim 1.

11. A flame-retardant article comprising the composition according to claim 1.

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