Pipe connection construction management device, pipe connection construction management method, and pipe connection construction management program
The pipe joining construction management device automates the recording and management of fusion and cooling times in electrofusion joint construction, enhancing efficiency and accuracy by integrating communication, imaging, and judgment features.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-10
AI Technical Summary
Conventional systems for managing electrofusion joint construction do not adequately manage fusion time and cooling time, with operators relying on manual entry of data, leading to potential errors and inefficiencies.
A pipe joining construction management device that includes a communication unit, imaging unit, power-on end time acquisition unit, cooling end time acquisition unit, and storage unit to automatically record and manage fusion and cooling times, with features to ensure imaging only after a predetermined time has elapsed, facilitating comprehensive judgment and display of work content.
Enables reliable and efficient management of fusion and cooling times, reducing manual errors and improving the overall efficiency and accuracy of pipe joining work by automating data capture and providing comprehensive judgment on work progress.
Smart Images

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Abstract
Description
[Technical Field]
[0001] The present invention relates to a pipe joining construction management device, a pipe joining construction management method, and a pipe joining construction management program for managing construction of joining work in which pipes are joined by electric fusion. [Background technology]
[0002] There is known a device for managing the construction of joining work for joining pipes by electrofusion. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an example of such a device, which records construction data for each construction in a storage means integrally provided in a fusion control device, and stores the construction data recorded in the storage means together with other construction data and piping diagrams for each construction in another storage means, thereby centrally managing the construction data of electrofusion joints.
[0003] In the construction management system, the construction data includes information regarding construction work that uses electrofusion joints, information regarding the electrofusion joints to be used, information regarding a fusion control device that has a power supply unit that supplies current to the electrofusion joints and operates the power supply unit based on information regarding the electrofusion joints, and fusion data during construction. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]
[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-166457 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]
[0005] Incidentally, in the electrofusion joint disclosed in Patent Document 1, the fusion time and the cooling time are important as construction management items for the joining work. In conventional joining work, the worker manages the time by checking the information displayed on the fusion machine and entering it into a management sheet or the like.
[0006] The construction management system disclosed in Patent Document 1 manages construction time as fusion data during construction, but Patent Document 1 does not even mention managing cooling time.
[0007] Therefore, in managing the construction of joining work in which pipes are joined by electric fusion, there is a need for a management device that can easily and more reliably manage the fusion time and the cooling time.
[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a pipe joining construction management device that can easily and reliably manage fusion time and cooling time in construction management of joining work in which pipes are joined by electric fusion. [Means for solving the problem]
[0009] A pipe joint construction management device according to one embodiment of the present invention manages construction of a pipe joint by electric fusion. The pipe joint construction management device includes a communication unit capable of communicating with a fusion machine performing the joining work, an imaging unit that captures an image of the joint between the pipes, a power-on end time information acquisition unit that acquires power-on end time information from the fusion machine via the communication unit, a cooling end time information acquisition unit that acquires, from the imaging unit, the time at which the image of the joint was captured as cooling end time information, and a storage unit that stores the power-on end time information acquired by the power-on end time information acquisition unit and the cooling end time information acquired by the cooling end time information acquisition unit (first configuration).
[0010] As a result, when welding the joints between pipes, the current application end time and the cooling end time can be automatically stored in the memory unit of the pipe joint construction management device without the need for an operator to check and enter them in a management table, etc. Therefore, a pipe joint construction management device can be obtained that can easily and reliably realize construction management of pipe joint work.
[0011] In the first configuration, the pipe joint construction management device further includes an elapsed time determination unit that determines whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the energization end time. When the elapsed time determination unit determines that the predetermined time has elapsed since the energization end time, the cooling end time information acquisition unit outputs an image capture permission signal to the imaging unit to enable imaging of the joint portion (second configuration).
[0012] This allows the imaging unit to capture an image of the joint between the pipes after a predetermined time has elapsed since the current-flow end time. This prevents the imaging unit from capturing an image of the joint before the predetermined time has elapsed since the current-flow end time. Therefore, the cooling end time, at which the imaging unit captures an image of the joint, can be set to a time after the predetermined time has elapsed since the current-flow end time, allowing for more reliable management of the cooling time of the joint.
[0013] In the first configuration, the pipe joint construction management device further includes a cooling time calculation unit that calculates a cooling time for the joint portion based on the current application end time information and the cooling end time information. The storage unit stores information related to the cooling time (third configuration).
[0014] This makes it possible to easily calculate the cooling time of the joint between the pipes from the time when current application ends and the time when cooling ends, and also makes it possible to manage this in the memory unit.
[0015] In the first configuration, the pipe joint construction management device further has a captured image display unit that displays images acquired by the imaging unit, and a display control unit that displays images on the captured image display unit to assist the imaging unit in photographing the joint portion (fourth configuration).
[0016] This allows the joint portion between the pipes to be photographed more easily and reliably by the assistance of the photographing of the joint portion displayed on the photographed image display unit, thereby improving the efficiency of the pipe joining work.
[0017] In the first configuration, the pipe joining construction management device further has a comprehensive judgment unit that makes a comprehensive judgment on the work content of each process in the joining work of the pipes, and a judgment result display unit that displays the comprehensive judgment result by the comprehensive judgment unit (fifth configuration).
[0018] This allows the operator to comprehensively evaluate the work content at each step of the pipe joining work and display the evaluation results on the evaluation result display unit. Therefore, it is easy to identify which of the steps does not meet the criteria. Therefore, in the pipe joining work, it is easy to correct any step that does not meet the criteria.
[0019] A pipe joint construction management method according to one embodiment of the present invention is a method realized by a pipe joint construction management device that manages construction of joining pipes by electric fusion. The pipe joint construction management method includes a power-on end time information acquisition step of acquiring power-on end time information related to a power-on end time from a fusion machine that performs the joining work, a joint portion photographing step of photographing the joint portion of the pipes with an imaging unit, a cooling end time information acquisition step of acquiring, from the imaging unit, the time at which the joint portion was photographed as cooling end time information related to a cooling end time, and a storage step of storing the power-on end time information acquired in the power-on end time information acquisition step and the cooling end time information acquired in the cooling end time information acquisition step in a storage unit (first method).
[0020] As a result, when welding the joints between pipes, the current application end time and the cooling end time can be automatically stored in the memory unit of the pipe joint construction management device without the need for an operator to check and enter them in a management table, etc. Therefore, a pipe joint construction management method is obtained that can easily and reliably realize construction management of pipe joint work.
[0021] In the first method, the pipe joint construction management method further includes an elapsed time determination step of determining whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the energization end time. In the joint photographing step, if it is determined in the elapsed time determination step that the predetermined time has elapsed since the energization end time, a permission signal is input to the imaging unit to permit imaging of the joint (second method).
[0022] This allows the imaging unit to capture an image of the joint between the pipes after a predetermined time has elapsed since the current-flow end time. This prevents the imaging unit from capturing an image of the joint before the predetermined time has elapsed since the current-flow end time. Therefore, the cooling end time, at which the imaging unit captures an image of the joint, can be set to a time after the predetermined time has elapsed since the current-flow end time, allowing for more reliable management of the cooling time of the joint.
[0023] In the first method, the pipe joint construction management method further includes a cooling time calculation step of calculating a cooling time of the joint portion from the current application end time information and the cooling end time information. In the storage step, information on the cooling time is stored (third method).
[0024] This makes it possible to easily calculate the cooling time of the joint between the pipes from the time when current application ends and the time when cooling ends, and also makes it possible to manage this in the memory unit.
[0025] In the first method, in the joint photographing step, the photographed image display unit that displays the image acquired by the imaging unit displays an image that assists the imaging unit in photographing the joint (fourth method).
[0026] This allows the joint portion between the pipes to be photographed more easily and reliably by the assistance of the photographing of the joint portion displayed on the photographed image display unit, thereby improving the efficiency of the pipe joining work.
[0027] In the first method, the pipe joining construction management method further includes a comprehensive judgment step for making a comprehensive judgment on the work content of each step in the joining work of the pipes, and a judgment result display step for displaying the comprehensive judgment result in the comprehensive judgment step on a judgment result display unit (fifth method).
[0028] This allows the operator to comprehensively evaluate the work content at each step of the pipe joining work and display the evaluation results on the evaluation result display unit. Therefore, it is easy to identify which of the steps does not meet the criteria. Therefore, in the pipe joining work, it is easy to correct any step that does not meet the criteria.
[0029] A pipe joining construction management program according to one embodiment of the present invention is a program for managing construction of joining pipes by electric fusion. The pipe joining construction management program causes a computer to acquire power supply end time information regarding a power supply end time from a fusion machine performing the joining work, cause an image capture unit to capture an image of the joint between the pipes, and cause the image capture unit to acquire cooling end time information regarding a cooling end time, the time the image of the joint was captured, and store the acquired power supply end time information and the acquired cooling end time information in a storage unit (first program).
[0030] As a result, when welding the joints between pipes, the current application end time and cooling end time can be automatically stored in the memory unit of the pipe joining construction management device without the need for an operator to check and enter them in a management table, etc. This makes it possible to easily and reliably manage the construction of pipe joining work.
[0031] In the first program, the computer is caused to determine whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the time when power was turned off, and if it is determined that the predetermined time has elapsed since the time when power was turned off, the computer is caused to input a permission signal to the imaging unit to permit the imaging of the joint portion (second program).
[0032] This allows the imaging unit to capture an image of the joint between the pipes after a predetermined time has elapsed since the current-flow end time. This prevents the imaging unit from capturing an image of the joint before the predetermined time has elapsed since the current-flow end time. Therefore, the cooling end time, at which the imaging unit captures an image of the joint, can be set to a time after the predetermined time has elapsed since the current-flow end time, allowing for more reliable management of the cooling time of the joint.
[0033] The first program causes the computer to calculate the cooling time of the joint from the current application end time information and the cooling end time information, and stores information regarding the cooling time in the memory unit (third program).
[0034] This makes it possible to easily calculate the cooling time of the joint between the pipes from the time when current application ends and the time when cooling ends, and also makes it possible to manage this in the memory unit.
[0035] The first program causes the computer to display an image on a captured image display unit that displays an image acquired by the imaging unit, to assist the imaging unit in capturing an image of the joint portion (fourth program).
[0036] This allows the joint portion between the pipes to be photographed more easily and reliably by the assistance of the photographing of the joint portion displayed on the photographed image display unit, thereby improving the efficiency of the pipe joining work.
[0037] The first program causes the computer to make a comprehensive judgment on the work content of each step in the work of joining the pipes together, and causes a judgment result display unit to display the result of the comprehensive judgment (fifth program).
[0038] This allows the operator to comprehensively evaluate the work content at each step of the pipe joining work and display the evaluation results on the evaluation result display unit. Therefore, it is easy to identify which of the steps does not meet the criteria. Therefore, in the pipe joining work, it is easy to correct any step that does not meet the criteria. [Effects of the Invention]
[0039] A pipeline diagram creation support device according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a communication unit capable of communicating with a fusion machine that performs the joining work, an imaging unit that photographs the joint portion between the pipes, a power supply end time information acquisition unit that acquires power supply end time information regarding the power supply end time from the fusion machine via the communication unit, a cooling end time information acquisition unit that acquires the time at which the joint portion was photographed from the imaging unit as cooling end time information regarding the cooling end time, and a memory unit that stores the power supply end time information acquired by the power supply end time information acquisition unit and the cooling end time information acquired by the cooling end time information acquisition unit.
[0040] This provides a pipe joining construction management device that can easily and reliably manage the fusion time and cooling time in construction management of joining work in which pipes are joined by electric fusion. [Brief explanation of the drawings]
[0041] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a pipe joint construction management device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating how tubes are joined together by electrical fusion using a fusion machine. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating how tubes are joined together by electrical fusion using a fusion machine. [Figure 2C] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating how tubes are joined together by electrical fusion using a fusion machine. [Figure 3]FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a pipe connection construction method including a pipe connection construction management method performed by the pipe connection construction management device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a pipe connection construction management device according to the second embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed on the captured image display unit. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a pipe connection construction method including a pipe connection construction management method performed by the pipe connection construction management device according to the second embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a pipe connection construction management device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the display of the comprehensive judgment result by the judgment result display unit. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the inspection check items and results when checking the indicator after fusion, displayed on the judgment result display unit. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a pipe connection construction method including a pipe connection construction management method performed by the pipe connection construction management device according to the third embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0042] Each embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description of the same parts will not be repeated. Note that the dimensions of the components in each drawing do not faithfully represent the actual dimensions of the components and the dimensional ratios of the components.
[0043] [Embodiment 1] (Pipe joint construction management device) FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a pipe connection construction management device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The pipe connection construction management device 1 performs construction management of a joining work in which water pipes are joined together by electric fusion using a fusion machine W. The water pipes are pipes made of resin such as polyester. The water pipes may be made of other materials as long as they are materials that can be electrically fused.
[0044] The fusion splicer W is a device that joins pipes P together by electrical fusion. The fusion splicer W melts and joins the joint S and the pipe P inserted therein by passing electricity through an electric wire embedded inside a cylindrical joint. The configuration of the fusion splicer W is the same as that of a conventional one. Therefore, a detailed description of the configuration of the fusion splicer W will be omitted.
[0045] 2A to 2C are diagrams for explaining how pipes P are joined together by electrical fusion using a fusion machine W. The joining operation of pipes P together by electrical fusion using a fusion machine W will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2C.
[0046] First, when joining pipes P together, the pipes to be joined are cut to a predetermined length and the outer surfaces of the joint portions of the pipes are machined (not shown). Then, as shown in FIG. 2A, the ends of the pair of pipes P are inserted into a cylindrical joint S so that they butt against each other. In FIG. 2A, the insertion direction of the pipes P into the joint S is indicated by a hollow arrow. Symbol S1 denotes an electric wire embedded in the joint S.
[0047] The storage status of the pipes P (number, size, minimum bending radius, etc.) may be known by the pipe connection construction management device 1 or a construction management device (not shown), etc. Information regarding the storage status of the pipes P may be reflected in at least one of the construction information and the construction plan information. For example, if the minimum bending radius of a pipe is large at a construction site, another pipe may be used, and that information may be reflected in at least one of the construction information and the construction plan information.
[0048] As shown in Figure 2B, while the ends of a pair of pipes P are inserted and held in the joint S, the output cable V of the fusion splicer W is electrically connected to the electric wires S1 in the joint S. Then, by supplying power from the fusion splicer W to the electric wires S1 via the output cable V, the resin in the joint portions of the joint S and the pipes P is melted and joined.
[0049] At this time, the molten resin inside the fitting S expands, but its axial movement is restricted by the unmolten resin. As a result, part of the molten resin in the fitting S protrudes onto the outer circumferential surface of the fitting S, forming a protrusion S2 on the outer circumferential surface as shown in Figure 2C. This protrusion S2 serves as an indicator that the resin in the fitting S and the pipe P is melted at the joint.
[0050] Thereafter, the joint S and the pair of pipes P are held in the state shown in FIG. 2C for a predetermined time while being cooled, whereby the joint S and the pair of pipes P are joined together.
[0051] 2A to 2C, the case where the fitting S and a pair of pipes P are joined together has been described, but other pipes may be joined to the pipes integrated with the fitting. Three or more pipes may be joined to one fitting.
[0052] As described above, the pipe joining construction management device 1 manages the construction of the joining work in which the joint S and the pair of pipes P are joined by electric fusion using the fusion machine W. The pipe joining construction management device 1 manages each step of the joining work, and communicates with the fusion machine W to manage the fusion time and cooling time.
[0053] 1, the pipe joint construction management device 1 includes a communication unit 11, an imaging unit 12, a current application end time information acquisition unit 13, a cooling end time information acquisition unit 14, and a memory unit 15. The pipe joint construction management device 1 may be realized by, for example, an arithmetic processing device such as a computer, or may be realized by a mobile terminal capable of arithmetic processing.
[0054] The pipe connection construction management device 1 may be realized by a combination of a mobile terminal and a server that can communicate with each other. In this case, the mobile terminal has a part of the configuration of the pipe connection construction management device 1 described below, and the server has another part of the configuration of the pipe connection construction management device 1.
[0055] The communication unit 11 is capable of communicating with the fusion splicer W. The communication unit 11 is, for example, a communication device capable of communicating with the fusion splicer W. The communication unit 11 may be capable of communicating with the fusion splicer W via wireless communication, or may be capable of communicating with the fusion splicer W via wired communication. The fusion splicer W also has a communication device capable of communicating with the communication unit 11 of the pipe joint construction management device 1.
[0056] The imaging unit 12 is an imaging device capable of capturing an image of the bonded portion formed by the fusion machine W. When the imaging unit 12 captures an image of the bonded portion, it outputs cooling end time information, which sets the image capture time as the cooling end time. The image captured by the imaging unit 12 is stored as image data in the storage unit 15. The imaging unit 12 may be configured to capture an image of an area other than the bonded portion. The imaging unit 12 may be an imaging device provided in a mobile terminal, or may be a dedicated imaging device.
[0057] The imaging unit 12 is configured to be able to photograph the joint portion after the predetermined time has elapsed since the fusion splicer W has stopped energizing the output cable V, i.e., after the heating of the joint portion has finished. In other words, the imaging unit 12 is configured not to be able to photograph the joint portion until the predetermined time has elapsed after the fusion splicer W has stopped energizing the output cable V.
[0058] The power distribution end time information acquiring unit 13 acquires power distribution end time information transmitted from the fusion splicer W and received by the communication unit 11. The power distribution end time information is information output from the fusion splicer W when power distribution to the output cable V is terminated in the fusion splicer W. The fusion splicer W may output power distribution start time information when power distribution to the output cable V is started.
[0059] The cooling end time information acquisition unit 14 acquires the cooling end time information output from the imaging unit 12 when the imaging unit 12 captures an image of the joint.
[0060] The memory unit 15 stores the current application end time information acquired by the current application end time information acquisition unit 13 and the cooling end time information acquired by the cooling end time information acquisition unit 14. The current application end time information and the cooling end time information stored in the memory unit 15 are linked to, for example, a construction management database and treated as part of the construction management information for the pipe joining work. This makes it possible to easily and efficiently manage the construction of the pipe joining work.
[0061] The pipe joint construction management device 1 of this embodiment manages construction of joining work for joining pipes by electric fusion. The pipe joint construction management device 1 includes a communication unit 11 capable of communicating with a fusion machine W that performs the joining work, an imaging unit 12 that captures an image of the joint between the pipes, a current-flow end time information acquisition unit 13 that acquires current-flow end time information related to the current-flow end time from the fusion machine W via the communication unit 11, a cooling end time information acquisition unit 14 that acquires the time at which the image of the joint was captured from the imaging unit 12 as cooling end time information related to the cooling end time, and a memory unit 15 that stores the current-flow end time information acquired by the current-flow end time information acquisition unit 13 and the cooling end time information acquired by the cooling end time information acquisition unit 14.
[0062] As a result, when welding the joint portions of pipes, the energization end time and cooling end time can be automatically stored in the memory unit 15 of the pipe joint construction management device 1 without the need for an operator to check and enter them in a management table, etc. Therefore, a pipe joint construction management device 1 can be obtained that can easily and more reliably realize construction management of pipe joint work.
[0063] (Pipe joint construction management method) 3 is a flow chart showing a pipe connection construction method including a pipe connection construction management method performed by the pipe connection construction management device 1 having the above-described configuration. The pipe connection construction method will be described below with reference to FIG.
[0064] 3, in this embodiment, when the flow starts (START), first, the ends of a pair of pipes P are inserted into a joint S (step SA1). In the following step SA2, the fusion splicer W starts to apply electricity to the electric wire S1 in the joint S.
[0065] Thereafter, the fusion splicer W stops energizing the electric wire S1 (step SA3). When the fusion splicer W stops energizing the electric wire S1, it outputs energization end time information regarding the time when energization ended. In step SA4, the energization end time information acquisition unit 13 of the pipe joint construction management device 1 acquires the energization end time information from the fusion splicer W via the communication unit 11.
[0066] In the next step SA5, after a predetermined time has elapsed since the energization of the fusion splicer W has ended, that is, after a predetermined time has elapsed since the energization end time information acquisition unit 13 acquired the energization end time information, the imaging unit 12 of the pipe joint construction management device 1 photographs the joint portion of the joint S (specifically, the peripheral portion of the protrusion S2 serving as an indicator). When the imaging unit 12 photographs the joint portion, it outputs information relating to the time of photographing as cooling end time information.
[0067] In step SA6, the cooling end time information acquisition unit 14 of the pipe joint construction management device 1 acquires the cooling end time information output from the imaging unit 12. In the following step SA7, the current application end time information and the cooling end time information are stored in the memory unit 15 of the pipe joint construction management device 1. Thereafter, this flow ends (END).
[0068] Here, step SA4 corresponds to the power distribution end time information acquisition step, step SA5 corresponds to the joint portion photographing step, step SA6 corresponds to the cooling end time information acquisition step, and step SA7 corresponds to the storage step.
[0069] The pipe joint construction management method according to this embodiment is a method realized by a pipe joint construction management device 1 that performs construction management of joining work to join pipes P together by electric fusion. The pipe joint construction management method includes a power-on end time information acquisition step SA4 of acquiring power-on end time information regarding a power-on end time from a fusion machine W that performs the joining work, a joint portion photographing step SA5 of photographing the joint portion between the pipes P with an imaging unit 12, a cooling end time information acquisition step SA6 of acquiring, from the imaging unit 12, the time at which the joint portion was photographed as cooling end time information regarding a cooling end time, and a storage step SA7 of storing the power-on end time information acquired in power-on end time information acquisition step SA4 and the cooling end time information acquired in cooling end time information acquisition step SA6 in a storage unit 15.
[0070] As a result, when welding the joint portions of the pipes P, the energization end time and the cooling end time can be automatically stored in the memory unit 15 of the pipe joint construction management device 1 without the need for an operator to check and enter them in a management table or the like. Therefore, a pipe joint construction management method is obtained that can easily and reliably realize the construction management of the joining work of the pipes P.
[0071] (Pipe joint construction management program) The program (pipe joint construction management program) in this embodiment may be any program that causes a computer to execute steps SA4 to SA7 shown in FIG. 3. By executing this program by a computer, the pipe joint construction management device 1 in this embodiment can be realized. In this case, the computer that executes the program may be a general-purpose computer or a dedicated computer. The computer that executes the program is equipped with, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and performs arithmetic processing using the CPU.
[0072] The pipe joining construction management program according to this embodiment is a program for managing construction of joining work in which pipes P are joined together by electric fusion. The pipe joining construction management program causes a computer to acquire power supply end time information regarding the end time of power supply from a fusion machine W that performs the joining work, causes the image capture unit 12 to capture an image of the joined portion of the pipes P, and causes the image capture unit 12 to acquire the time at which the image of the joined portion was captured as cooling end time information regarding the cooling end time, and causes the memory unit 15 to store the acquired power supply end time information and the acquired cooling end time information.
[0073] As a result, when welding the joint portions of the pipes P, the energization end time and the cooling end time can be automatically stored in the memory unit 15 of the pipe joint construction management device 1 without the need for an operator to check and enter them in a management table, etc. Therefore, construction management of the joining work of the pipes P can be realized easily and more reliably.
[0074] [Embodiment 2] 4 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a pipe connection construction management device 100 of embodiment 2. The pipe connection construction management device 100 of this embodiment differs from the pipe connection construction management device 1 of embodiment 1 in terms of determining whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the end of energization, calculating a cooling time, and displaying captured images. In the following, components similar to those of the pipe connection construction management device 1 of embodiment 1 are assigned the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.
[0075] As shown in Figure 4, the pipe joint construction management device 100 has a communication unit 11, an imaging unit 12, a power supply end time information acquisition unit 13, a cooling end time information acquisition unit 14, a memory unit 15, an elapsed time determination unit 116, a cooling time calculation unit 117, a captured image display unit 118, and a display control unit 119.
[0076] The elapsed time determination unit 116 determines whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the power distribution end time, i.e., whether a predetermined cooling time has elapsed, using the power distribution end time information acquired by the power distribution end time information acquisition unit 13. When the elapsed time determination unit 116 determines that the predetermined time has elapsed since the power distribution end time, i.e., when the predetermined cooling time has elapsed, it generates an image capture permission signal that permits the image capture unit 12 to capture an image, and outputs the image capture permission signal to the image capture unit 12.
[0077] When the photographing enable signal is input, the imaging unit 12 takes an image of the joint portion between the joint S and the pipe P (specifically, the peripheral portion of the protrusion S2 serving as an indicator). The imaging unit 12 does not take an image until the photographing enable signal is input. In other words, the imaging unit 12 does not take an image until the predetermined cooling time has elapsed after the current supply has stopped.
[0078] When the imaging unit 12 captures an image, it generates and outputs cooling end time information including the time of capture. That is, the imaging unit 12 outputs cooling end time information indicating that the predetermined cooling time has elapsed. In this way, the imaging unit 12 plays a role in managing and notifying the end of the cooling time by capturing an image and generating the cooling end time information.
[0079] Therefore, with the above-described configuration, the cooling time of the joint portion between the joint S and the pipe P can be more reliably managed.
[0080] The cooling time calculation unit 117 calculates the cooling time using the current application end time information and the cooling end time information. Specifically, the cooling time calculation unit 117 calculates the cooling time by subtracting the current application end time from the cooling end time. The calculated cooling time is stored in the memory unit 15. This allows the pipe connection construction management device 100 to manage the cooling time easily and more reliably.
[0081] The captured image display unit 118 displays an image acquired by the imaging unit 12. The captured image display unit 118 may be a display screen of a mobile terminal or a display device such as a display. The display on the captured image display unit 118 is controlled by the display control unit 119. An example of an image displayed on the captured image display unit 118 is shown in FIG. 5. Note that the image acquired by the imaging unit 12 is an image acquired by the imaging unit 12 in a state where it is ready to be photographed, and means a real-time image that is not stored in a memory unit or the like.
[0082] The display control unit 119 controls the display of the captured image display unit 118. The display control unit 119 controls the driving of the captured image display unit 118 so that the image acquired by the imaging unit 12 is displayed.
[0083] The display control unit 119 displays on the captured image display unit 118 an image that assists the imaging unit 12 in capturing an image of the joint portion. That is, the display control unit 119 displays on the captured image display unit 118 an image that assists the imaging unit 12 in capturing an image at a suitable timing, at a suitable position, and the like.
[0084] 5 shows an example of the assist X displayed on the captured image display unit 118. The assist X may include, for example, a sample image of the joint, a sentence of advice for taking a photograph, or a frame (for example, the dashed frame in FIG. 5) for positioning the subject to be photographed in a predetermined position. This allows the imaging unit 12 to more reliably photograph the joint.
[0085] The assist X may be any output such as text, lines, figures, colors, sounds, or voices, as long as it is an output that can assist the imaging unit 12 in capturing an image of the joining portion.
[0086] In this embodiment, the pipe joint construction management device 100 further includes an elapsed time determination unit 116 that determines whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the energization end time. When the elapsed time determination unit 116 determines that the predetermined time has elapsed since the energization end time, the cooling end time information acquisition unit 14 outputs an image capture permission signal to the imaging unit 12 to permit the imaging of the joint portion.
[0087] This allows the imaging unit 12 to capture an image of the joint between the pipes P after a predetermined time has elapsed since the current supply end time. This prevents the imaging unit 12 from capturing an image of the joint before the predetermined time has elapsed since the current supply end time. Therefore, the cooling end time, at which the imaging unit 12 captures an image of the joint, can be set to be after the predetermined time has elapsed since the current supply end time, allowing for more reliable management of the cooling time of the joint.
[0088] In this embodiment, the pipe joint construction management device 100 further includes a cooling time calculation unit 117 that calculates the cooling time of the joint portion from the current application end time information and the cooling end time information. The memory unit 15 stores information related to the cooling time.
[0089] This makes it possible to easily calculate the cooling time of the joint portion between the pipes P from the current application end time and the cooling end time, and also to manage the time in the storage unit 15.
[0090] In addition, in this embodiment, the pipe joint construction management device 100 further has a captured image display unit 118 that displays images acquired by the imaging unit 12, and a display control unit 119 that displays images on the captured image display unit 118 to assist the imaging unit 12 in photographing the joint portion.
[0091] This allows the joint portion between the pipes P to be photographed more easily and reliably with the assistance of the photographing of the joint portion displayed on the photographed image display unit 118. This improves the work efficiency of the work of joining the pipes P together.
[0092] (Pipe joint construction management method) Fig. 6 is a flow diagram showing a pipe connection construction method including a pipe connection construction management method performed by the pipe connection construction management device 100 having the above-described configuration. The pipe connection construction method will be described below with reference to Fig. 6. Note that steps SB1 to SB4 in Fig. 6 are the same as steps SA1 to SA4 in Fig. 3 of the first embodiment. Therefore, a description of steps SB1 to SB4 will be omitted.
[0093] In step SB5, the elapsed time determination unit 116 of the pipe joint construction management device 100 determines whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the energization end time, based on the energization end time information acquired in step SB4 from the fusion machine W. If the predetermined time has elapsed since the energization end time (YES), the process proceeds to step SB6, where the elapsed time determination unit 116 generates a permission signal and outputs it to the imaging unit 12, and the imaging unit 12 captures an image of the joint between the fitting S and the pipe P based on the permission signal.
[0094] In step SB6, the captured image display unit 118, which displays the image acquired by the imaging unit 12, displays an image to assist the imaging unit 12 in capturing an image of the joint portion under the control of the display control unit 119. This allows the imaging unit 12 to capture an image of the joint portion more reliably and easily.
[0095] Thereafter, the cooling end time information acquisition unit 14 acquires the cooling end time information from the imaging unit 12 (step SB7). In the following step SB8, the cooling time calculation unit 117 calculates the cooling time from the power supply end time information and the cooling end time information, and outputs the result as cooling time information regarding the cooling time.
[0096] In step SB9, the power supply end time information, the cooling end time information, and the cooling time information are stored in the storage unit 15.
[0097] Here, step SB5 corresponds to the elapsed time determination step, step SB6 corresponds to the joint portion photographing step, step SB7 corresponds to the cooling end time information acquisition step, step SB8 corresponds to the cooling time calculation step, and step SB9 corresponds to the storage step.
[0098] The pipe joint construction management method of this embodiment includes an elapsed time determination step SB5 for determining whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the current application end time. In a joint photographing step SB6, if it is determined in the elapsed time determination step SB5 that the predetermined time has elapsed since the current application end time, a permission signal for permitting the imaging unit 12 to photograph the joint is input.
[0099] This allows the imaging unit 12 to capture an image of the joint between the pipes P after a predetermined time has elapsed since the current supply end time. This prevents the imaging unit 12 from capturing an image of the joint before the predetermined time has elapsed since the current supply end time. Therefore, the cooling end time, at which the imaging unit 12 captures an image of the joint, can be set to be after the predetermined time has elapsed since the current supply end time, allowing for more reliable management of the cooling time of the joint.
[0100] The pipe joint construction management method of this embodiment also includes a cooling time calculation step SB8 for calculating a cooling time for the joint portion from the current application end time information and the cooling end time information. In a storage step SB9, information relating to the cooling time is stored.
[0101] This makes it possible to easily calculate the cooling time of the joint portion between the pipes P from the current application end time and the cooling end time, and also to manage the time in the storage unit 15.
[0102] Furthermore, in the pipe joint construction management method of this embodiment, in the joint photographing step SB6, the photographed image display unit 118, which displays the photographed image of the joint taken by the imaging unit 12, displays an image to assist the imaging unit 12 in photographing the joint.
[0103] This allows the joint portion between the pipes P to be photographed more easily and reliably with the assistance of the photographing of the joint portion displayed on the photographed image display unit 118. This improves the work efficiency of the work of joining the pipes P together.
[0104] (Pipe joint construction management program) The program (pipe joint construction management program) in this embodiment may be a program that causes a computer to execute steps SB4 to SB9 shown in FIG. 6. By executing this program by a computer, the pipe joint construction management device 100 in this embodiment can be realized. In this case, the computer that executes the program may be a general-purpose computer or a dedicated computer. The computer that executes the program is equipped with, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and performs arithmetic processing using the CPU.
[0105] The pipe joint construction management program of this embodiment causes the computer to determine whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the time when power was turned off, and if it is determined that the predetermined time has elapsed since the time when power was turned off, causes the imaging unit 12 to input a permission signal that allows the joint portion to be photographed.
[0106] This allows the imaging unit 12 to capture an image of the joint between the pipes P after a predetermined time has elapsed since the current supply end time. This prevents the imaging unit 12 from capturing an image of the joint before the predetermined time has elapsed since the current supply end time. Therefore, the cooling end time, at which the imaging unit 12 captures an image of the joint, can be set to be after the predetermined time has elapsed since the current supply end time, allowing for more reliable management of the cooling time of the joint.
[0107] In addition, the pipe joint construction management program of this embodiment causes the computer to calculate the cooling time of the joint portion from the power supply end time information and the cooling end time information, and stores information regarding the cooling time in the memory unit 15.
[0108] This makes it possible to easily calculate the cooling time of the joint portion between the pipes P from the current application end time and the cooling end time, and also to manage the time in the storage unit 15.
[0109] In addition, the pipe joint construction management program of this embodiment causes the computer to cause the captured image display unit 118, which displays an image of the joint portion captured by the imaging unit 12, to display an image that assists the imaging unit 12 in capturing the image of the joint portion.
[0110] This allows the joint portion between the pipes P to be photographed more easily and reliably with the assistance of the photographing of the joint portion displayed on the photographed image display unit 118. This improves the work efficiency of the work of joining the pipes P together.
[0111] [Embodiment 3] 7 is a functional block diagram showing the schematic configuration of a pipe connection construction management device 200 of embodiment 3. The pipe connection construction management device 200 of this embodiment differs from the pipe connection construction management device 1 of embodiment 1 in that it comprehensively judges the work content of each process in the work of joining pipes P together. In the following, the same components as those in the pipe connection construction management device 1 of embodiment 1 are assigned the same reference numerals and will not be described again.
[0112] As shown in Figure 7, the pipe joint construction management device 200 has a communication unit 11, an imaging unit 12, a current application end time information acquisition unit 13, a cooling end time information acquisition unit 14, a memory unit 15, a comprehensive judgment unit 216, and a judgment result display unit 217.
[0113] The comprehensive evaluation unit 216 performs a comprehensive evaluation of the work content of each process in the work of joining pipes P based on the information stored in the memory unit 15. The memory unit 15 stores work information input by the worker or input from a device (not shown). The work information is information about the work content of each process in the joining work. The work content includes not only the work content but also information about the inspection results or check results.
[0114] The comprehensive judgment unit 216 judges whether there is an overall problem based on the results of evaluation at each process in the joining work of the pipes P. Specifically, for example, if the results of evaluation at each process are no problem, the comprehensive judgment unit 216 makes an overall judgment that there is no problem, whereas if there is a problem in one of the results of evaluation at each process, the comprehensive judgment unit 216 makes an overall judgment that there is a problem.
[0115] The pipe joining construction management device 200 may store information relating to the time of each process in the joining work of the pipes P in the memory unit 15. This makes it possible to easily grasp the work time of each process, which can be used for the consideration of future construction plans, etc.
[0116] The judgment result display unit 217 displays the result of the overall judgment by the overall judgment unit 216. The judgment result display unit 217 may be a display screen of a mobile terminal or a display device such as a display. The judgment result display unit 217 may be the same display device as the captured image display unit 118 of the second embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the display of the overall judgment result by the judgment result display unit 217. As shown in FIG. 8, the judgment result display unit 217 displays the results of evaluation at each step in the joining work of the pipes P (in the example shown in FIG. 8, fusion check, implementation of water adhesion countermeasures, inspection check, cooling check, etc.) and the overall judgment result (in the example shown in FIG. 8, overall joining judgment). Note that the evaluation items and results in FIG. 8 are just an example, and the judgment result display unit 217 may display evaluation items and results other than those shown in the example shown in FIG. 8.
[0117] This allows the result of the overall judgment obtained from the results of evaluation at each process in the joining work of the pipes P to be displayed on the judgment result display unit 217. Therefore, it is possible to easily grasp whether there is a problem with the results of evaluation at each process in the joining work of the pipes P to each other.
[0118] The judgment result display unit 217 may display not only the result of the overall judgment by the overall judgment unit 216, but also the items of each process linked to the result. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the inspection check items and the results when checking the indicator after fusion, displayed on the judgment result display unit 217. The judgment result display unit 217 may display the items of processes other than the process of checking the indicator after fusion.
[0119] Although not shown, if there is a problem with the overall assessment result, the pipe connection construction management device 200 will highlight the problematic work item or display the details of the problematic work item to prompt the worker to re-enter the data or redo the work. The details of the problematic work item are overwritten by re-entering the data, but the original details may be saved as history information in the pipe connection construction management device 200 or a server, etc. This allows the history information to be used when creating future plans, etc.
[0120] For example, if the pipe connection construction management device 200 determines, as a result of the overall judgment, that there is a problem with the fusion of the pipes P, it may display a message on the judgment result display unit 217 instructing the worker to cut the pipe P and redo the joining. Thereafter, the pipe connection construction management device 200 may prompt the worker to display the pipe registration screen of the piping diagram. After inputting a change in the length of the pipe P in the piping diagram, the worker resets the results of the fusion process in the pipe connection construction management device 200 and again performs the joining work of the pipes P using the fusion machine W as shown in Figures 2A to 2C. The pipe connection construction management device 200 performs construction management of the joining work and performs the overall judgment again.
[0121] The pipe joint construction management device 200 of this embodiment has a comprehensive judgment unit 216 that makes a comprehensive judgment on the work content of each process in the joining work of pipes P, and a judgment result display unit 217 that displays the comprehensive judgment result by the comprehensive judgment unit 216.
[0122] This allows a comprehensive assessment of the work content in each process of the joining work of joining pipes P together, and the assessment results can be displayed on the assessment result display unit 217. Therefore, it is possible to easily grasp which of the processes does not meet the criteria. Therefore, in the work of joining pipes P together, it is easy to correct the process that does not meet the criteria.
[0123] (Pipe joint construction management method) 10 is a flow chart showing a pipe connection construction method including a pipe connection construction management method performed by the pipe connection construction management device 200 having the above-described configuration. The pipe connection construction method will be described below with reference to FIG.
[0124] As shown in Fig. 10, when this flow starts (START), first, in step SC1, the work content of each process of the joining work of joining pipes P together is input into the pipe joining construction management device 200. This input of the work content may be realized by an operator inputting data into the pipe joining construction management device 200, or may be realized by data being input into the pipe joining construction management device 200 from equipment used in the joining work.
[0125] In the next step SC2, the comprehensive judgment unit 216 makes a comprehensive judgment on the work content of each process. That is, the comprehensive judgment unit 216 obtains a result of the comprehensive judgment from the evaluation results of the work content of each process. In step SC3, the judgment result display unit 217 displays the result of the comprehensive judgment.
[0126] Here, step SC2 corresponds to a comprehensive judgment step, and step SC3 corresponds to a judgment result display step.
[0127] The pipe joining construction management method of this embodiment includes a comprehensive judgment step SC2 that makes a comprehensive judgment on the work content of each process in the joining work of pipes P, and a judgment result display step SC3 that displays the comprehensive judgment result in the comprehensive judgment step SC2 on the judgment result display unit 217.
[0128] This allows a comprehensive assessment of the work content in each process of the joining work of joining pipes P together, and the assessment results can be displayed on the assessment result display unit 217. Therefore, it is possible to easily grasp which of the processes does not meet the criteria. Therefore, in the work of joining pipes P together, it is easy to correct the process that does not meet the criteria.
[0129] (Pipe joint construction management program) The program (pipe joint construction management program) in this embodiment may be any program that causes a computer to execute steps SC2 to SC3 shown in FIG. 10. By executing this program by a computer, the pipe joint construction management device 200 in this embodiment can be realized. In this case, the computer that executes the program may be a general-purpose computer or a dedicated computer. The computer that executes the program is equipped with, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and performs arithmetic processing using the CPU.
[0130] The pipe joining construction management program of this embodiment causes the computer to make a comprehensive judgment on the work content of each process in the work of joining pipes P together, and causes the judgment result display unit 217 to display the result of the comprehensive judgment.
[0131] This allows a comprehensive assessment of the work content in each process of the joining work of joining pipes P together, and the assessment results can be displayed on the assessment result display unit 217. Therefore, it is possible to easily grasp which of the processes does not meet the criteria. Therefore, in the work of joining pipes P together, it is easy to correct the process that does not meet the criteria.
[0132] (Other embodiments) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above-described embodiments are merely examples for carrying out the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is possible to appropriately modify the above-described embodiments within the scope of the spirit of the present invention.
[0133] In each of the above-described embodiments, the pipe connection construction management devices 1, 100, and 200 perform construction management of the joining work of joining water pipes together by electric fusion. However, the pipe connection construction management device may also perform construction management of the joining work of joining pipes including sewer pipes, gas pipes, underground buried pipes, agricultural irrigation channels, etc.
[0134] In the second embodiment, the pipe joint construction management device 100 displays an image on the captured image display unit 118 to assist the imaging unit 12 in capturing an image of the joint. However, the pipe joint construction management device does not have to display an image to assist the imaging unit in capturing an image of the joint.
[0135] In the second embodiment, the pipe connection construction management device 100 includes a cooling time calculation unit 117 that calculates the cooling time using the current application end time information and the cooling end time information. However, the pipe connection construction management device does not necessarily have to include the cooling time calculation unit.
[0136] In the second embodiment, the pipe connection construction management device 100 includes an elapsed time determination unit 116 that determines whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the current application end time, i.e., whether a predetermined cooling time has elapsed. However, the pipe connection construction management device does not necessarily have to include the elapsed time determination unit. [Industrial Applicability]
[0137] INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in a pipe joining construction management device that manages the construction of a joining work in which pipes are joined together by electric fusion. [Explanation of symbols]
[0138] 1, 100, 200 pipe joint construction management device 11 Communications Department 12 Imaging unit 13 Power-on end time information acquisition unit 14. Cooling end time information acquisition unit 15 Storage section 116 Elapsed time determination unit 117 Cooling time calculation unit 118 Shooting image display section 119 Display control unit 216 General Judging Department 217 Judgment result display section S fitting S1 wire S2 protrusion P tube V output cable W fusion splicer X Assist
Claims
1. A pipe joining construction management device that performs construction management of joining work to join pipes by electric fusion, a communication unit capable of communicating with a fusion splicer that performs the joining operation; an imaging unit that captures an image of the joint between the pipes; a current application end time information acquisition unit that acquires current application end time information regarding a current application end time from the fusion splicer via the communication unit; a cooling end time information acquisition unit that acquires, from the imaging unit, a time at which the joint portion is photographed as cooling end time information relating to a cooling end time; a storage unit that stores the power distribution end time information acquired by the power distribution end time information acquisition unit and the cooling end time information acquired by the cooling end time information acquisition unit; and The imaging unit is configured to be unable to capture an image of the joint portion until a predetermined time has elapsed from the time when the current supply is stopped. Pipe joint construction management device.
2. The pipe connection construction management device according to claim 1, further comprising an elapsed time determination unit that determines whether the predetermined time has elapsed since the current application end time, the cooling end time information acquisition unit outputs an imaging permission signal to the imaging unit to permit imaging of the joint portion when the elapsed time determination unit determines that the predetermined time has elapsed since the current application end time. Pipe joint construction management device.
3. The pipe connection construction management device according to claim 1, Further, a cooling time calculation unit is provided to calculate a cooling time of the joint portion from the current application end time information and the cooling end time information, The storage unit stores information related to the cooling time. Pipe joint construction management device.
4. The pipe connection construction management device according to claim 1, a captured image display unit that displays an image acquired by the imaging unit; a display control unit that displays, on the captured image display unit, a display that assists the imaging unit in capturing an image of the joint portion; further comprising Pipe joint construction management device.
5. The pipe connection construction management device according to claim 1, a comprehensive judgment unit that comprehensively judges the work content of each process in the pipe joining work; a judgment result display unit that displays a comprehensive judgment result by the comprehensive judgment unit; further comprising Pipe joint construction management device.
6. A pipe joining construction management method realized by a pipe joining construction management device that performs construction management of joining work to join pipes by electric fusion, a current application end time information acquisition step of acquiring current application end time information regarding a current application end time from a fusion splicer that performs the joining operation; a joint portion photographing step of photographing the joint portion between the pipes by an imaging unit; a cooling end time information acquisition step of acquiring, from the imaging unit, a time at which the joint portion is photographed as cooling end time information relating to a cooling end time; a storage step of storing the power distribution end time information acquired in the power distribution end time information acquisition step and the cooling end time information acquired in the cooling end time information acquisition step in a storage unit; and The imaging unit is configured to be unable to capture an image of the joint portion until a predetermined time has elapsed from the time when the current supply is stopped. Pipe joint construction management method.
7. The pipe joint construction management method according to claim 6, further comprising an elapsed time determination step of determining whether the predetermined time has elapsed since the current application end time, In the joint photographing step, when it is determined in the elapsed time determination step that the predetermined time has elapsed since the current application end time, a permission signal for permitting the imaging unit to photograph the joint is input. Pipe joint construction management method.
8. The pipe joint construction management method according to claim 6, The method further includes a cooling time calculation step of calculating a cooling time of the joint portion from the current application end time information and the cooling end time information, In the storing step, information regarding the cooling time is stored. Pipe joint construction management method.
9. The pipe joint construction management method according to claim 6, In the joint portion photographing step, a photographed image display unit that displays an image acquired by the imaging unit displays an image to assist the imaging unit in photographing the joint portion. Pipe joint construction management method.
10. The pipe joint construction management method according to claim 6, a comprehensive assessment step of comprehensively assessing the work content of each step in the joining work of the pipes; a judgment result display step of displaying a comprehensive judgment result in the comprehensive judgment step on a judgment result display unit; further comprising Pipe joint construction management method.
11. A pipe joining construction management program for managing construction of joining work in which pipes are joined by electric fusion, On the computer, acquiring current application end time information regarding a current application end time from a fusion splicer that performs the joining work; an imaging unit is used to photograph the joint portion between the pipes; acquiring, from the imaging unit, a time when the joint portion was photographed as cooling end time information relating to a cooling end time; storing the acquired current application end time information and the acquired cooling end time information in a storage unit; The imaging unit is not allowed to capture an image of the joint portion until a predetermined time has elapsed from the time when the current supply is stopped. A program for managing pipe joint construction.
12. 12. The pipe joint construction management program according to claim 11, The computer, determining whether the predetermined time has elapsed since the current application end time; when it is determined that the predetermined time has elapsed since the current application end time, inputting a permission signal to the imaging unit to permit imaging of the joint portion; A program for managing pipe joint construction.
13. 12. The pipe joint construction management program according to claim 11, The computer, calculating a cooling time for the joint portion from the current application end time information and the cooling end time information; storing information about the cooling time in the storage unit; A program for managing pipe joint construction.
14. 12. The pipe joint construction management program according to claim 11, The computer, causing a captured image display unit that displays an image acquired by the imaging unit to display an image that assists the imaging unit in capturing an image of the joint portion; A program for managing pipe joint construction.
15. 12. The pipe joint construction management program according to claim 11, The computer, A comprehensive assessment is made of the work content of each process in the joining work of the pipes, displaying the result of the comprehensive judgment on a judgment result display unit; A program for managing pipe joint construction.
Citation Information
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