Terminal and positioning method

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to acquire position information on an own device via direct communication between terminals.　A terminal (20) according to the present invention comprises: a transmission unit (210) that transmits a position measurement signal in direct communication between terminals (D2D communication) to another terminal; a receiving unit (220) that receives a measurement result of the position measurement signal from the other terminal; and a control unit (240) that assumes that the measurement result is a difference between a reception timing of the position measurement signal at the other terminal and a reference time, wherein the control unit (240) determines the reference time on the basis of a synchronization source.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a terminal and a positioning method in a wireless communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] LTE (Long Term Evolution) and successor systems to LTE (for example, LTE-A (LTE In Advanced (5G) and NR (New Radio) (also known as 5G), D2D (Device to Device) technology, which allows terminals to communicate directly with each other without going through a base station, is being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] D2D reduces traffic between terminals and base stations, enabling communication between terminals even if base stations become inoperable during disasters or other emergencies. While 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) refers to D2D as "sidelink," this specification uses the more general term D2D. However, sidelink will also be used as needed in the descriptions of embodiments later.

[0004] D2D communication involves D2D discovery (also called D2D discovery) to find other devices that can communicate, and D2D communication for direct communication between devices. It is broadly divided into two categories: D2D direct communication (also called D2D communication, D2D discovery, etc.) and D2D discovery. In the following, unless a specific distinction is made between D2D communication, D2D discovery, etc., it will simply be referred to as D2D. Also, signals transmitted and received via D2D will be called D2D signals. Various use cases of V2X (Vehicle to Everything) services in NR are being investigated. This has been discussed (for example, Non-Patent Document 2). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.211 V16.8.0(2021-12) [Non-Patent Document 2] 3GPP TR 22.886 V15.1.0(2017-03) [Non-Patent Document 3] 3GPP TS 38.305 V16.7.0(2021-12) [Non-Patent Document 4] 3GPP TS 38.455 V16.6.0(2021-12) [Non-Patent Document 5] 3GPP TS 37.355 V16.7.0(2021-12) [Non-Patent Document 6] 3GPP TS 23.032 V16.1.0(2021-12) [Non-Patent Document 7] 3GPP TS 38.215 V16.4.0(2020-12) [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] Scenarios for direct terminal-to-terminal communication include, for example, in-coverage, partial-coverage, and out-of-coverage, or V2X (Vehicle to Everything), public safety, commercial, and IIO. In the Industrial Internet of Things (T), etc., location positioning is being considered. However, the measurement method for obtaining the device's own location information using signals from direct communication between terminals was not clearly defined.

[0007] This invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to acquire location information of the device itself through direct communication between terminals. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] According to the disclosed technology, a receiving unit that receives a positioning reference signal in device-to-device communication (D2D communication) from another device, and based on the reception timing of the positioning reference signal, with reference time based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) as a reference, RTOA ( Relative Time of Arrival) is measured by a control unit, and The RTOA is the difference between the reference time based on the GNSS and the reception timing of the positioning reference signal, and the reception timing is based on the beginning of the subframe in the D2D communication. a device is provided.

Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the disclosed technology, the position information of the own device can be acquired by direct communication between devices.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010] [Figure 1] It is a diagram for explaining a wireless communication system. [Figure 2] It is a diagram for explaining V2X. [Figure 3] It is a diagram for explaining an example of communication in D2D. [Figure 4] It is a diagram showing an example (1) of position measurement. [Figure 5] It is a diagram showing an example of measuring DL-RSTD. [Figure 6] It is a diagram showing an example of measuring UL-RTOA. [Figure 7] It is a diagram showing an example (2) of position measurement. [Figure 8] It is a diagram showing an example of measuring RTT. [Figure 9] It is a flowchart for explaining an example (1) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] It is a diagram for explaining an example (1) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] It is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of reference signals according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] It is a flowchart for explaining an example (2) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] This figure illustrates an example (2) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] This is a flowchart illustrating an example (3) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] This figure illustrates an example (3) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] This is a flowchart illustrating an example (4) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] This figure illustrates an example (4) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] This is a flowchart illustrating an example (5) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] This is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] This is a diagram illustrating an example of transmission and reception timing. [Figure 21] This figure illustrates an example (1) of transmission and reception timing in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 22] This figure illustrates an example (2) of transmission and reception timing in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 23] This figure shows an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 24] This figure shows an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 25] This figure shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10 or terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 26] This figure shows an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 in an embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below are examples, and the embodiments to which the present invention is applied are not limited to those described below.

[0012] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiments of the present invention, existing technologies may be used as appropriate. However, such existing technologies include, for example, existing LTE, but are not limited to existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used herein has a broad meaning that includes LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced and later methods (e.g., NR), or wireless LAN (Local Area Network), unless otherwise specified.

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the duplex method may be a TDD (Time Division Duplex) method, or a FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) method, or Other methods (such as Flexible Duplex) are also acceptable.

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, wireless parameters, etc. are "configured". "This means that a predetermined value may be set in advance (Pre-configure), or base station 1 0 or a wireless parameter notified from terminal 20 may be set.

[0015] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20, as shown in Figure 1. Although Figure 1 shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, this is an example, and there may be multiple base stations 10 and terminals 20.

[0016] Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with terminal 20. The physical resources of the wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks. In addition, the TTI (Transmission Time Interval) in the time domain may be a slot, or the TTI may be a subframe.

[0017] The base station 10 transmits synchronization signals and system information to the terminal 20. The synchronization signals are, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is transmitted, for example, via NR-PBCH, and is also called broadcast information. The synchronization signals and system information are transmitted in SSB (SS / PBCH block). It may also be called [another name]. As shown in Figure 1, base station 10 transmits control signals or data to terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both base station 10 and terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals using beamforming. Furthermore, both base station 10 and terminal 20 are capable of applying MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to DL or UL. Furthermore, both base station 10 and terminal 20 are capable of using CA (Carrier Aggregation) for secondary Communication may also be performed via a secondary cell (SCell) and a primary cell (PCell). Furthermore, terminal 20 can communicate with base station 10 via DC (Dual Connectivity). Communication may also be performed via the primary cell of the base station 10 and the primary secondary cell group cell (PSCell: Primary SCG Cell) of other base stations 10.

[0018] Terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with wireless communication capabilities, such as a smartphone, mobile phone, tablet, wearable device, or M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. As shown in Figure 1, Terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. Terminal 20 also receives various reference signals transmitted from the base station 10 and performs propagation path quality measurements based on the reception results of these reference signals. Terminal 20 may also be referred to as UE and base station 10 as gNB.

[0019] Furthermore, LTE and NR support carrier aggregation, a feature that uses broadband to secure data resources. Carrier aggregation allows for the securing of broadband data resources by bundling multiple component carriers. For example, by bundling multiple 20MHz bandwidths, a 100MHz bandwidth can be used.

[0020] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating V2X. 3GPP aims to achieve V2X (Vehicle to Everything) or eV2X (enhanced V2X) by extending D2D functionality. This is being considered and specifications are being developed. As shown in Figure 1, V2X is part of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) and refers to a form of communication between vehicles. 2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) refers to a communication method between a vehicle and a roadside unit (RSU: Road-Side Unit) installed on the side of the road. This term encompasses both V2N (Vehicle to Network), which refers to communication between a vehicle and an ITS server, and V2P (Vehicle to Pedestrian), which refers to communication between a vehicle and a mobile device carried by a pedestrian.

[0021] Furthermore, 3GPP is considering V2X using LTE or NR cellular communication and terminal-to-terminal communication. V2X using cellular communication is also called cellular V2X. For NR V2X, research is underway to achieve high capacity, low latency, high reliability, and QoS (Quality of Service) control.

[0022] Regarding LTE or NR V2X, it is expected that future considerations will extend beyond 3GPP specifications. For example, ensuring interoperability, reducing costs through higher-layer implementation, using or switching between multiple RATs (Radio Access Technologies), and different approaches in each country. It is anticipated that compliance with regulations, data acquisition, distribution, database management, and usage methods for LTE or NR V2X platforms will be considered.

[0023] While the embodiments of the present invention primarily envision a configuration in which the communication device is mounted on a vehicle, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this configuration. For example, the communication device may be a terminal held by a person, a device mounted on a drone or aircraft, or a base station, RSU, relay station (relay node), terminal with scheduling capabilities, etc.

[0024] Furthermore, SL (Sidelink) may be distinguished from UL (Uplink) or DL ​​(Downlink) based on any one or a combination of the following 1)-4). Also, SL may have other names. 1) Resource allocation in the time domain 2) Resource allocation in the frequency domain 3) Reference synchronization signals (including SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal)) 4) Reference signal used for path loss measurement for transmit power control

[0025] Furthermore, with respect to SL or UL OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), any of the following may be applied: CP-OFDM (Cyclic-Prefix OFDM), DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform - Spread - OFDM), OFDM without transform precoding, or OFDM with transform precoding.

[0026] In LTE's Downlink Service Line (SL), Mode 3 and Mode 4 are defined for allocating SL resources to terminal 20. In Mode 3, transmission resources are dynamically allocated via DCI (Downlink Control Information) sent from base station 10 to terminal 20. Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) is also possible in Mode 3. In Mode 4, terminal 20 autonomously selects transmission resources from the resource pool.

[0027] In the embodiments of the present invention, the term "slot" may be interpreted as a symbol, mini-slot, subframe, wireless frame, TTI (Transmission Time Interval), or time resource of a predetermined width. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the term "cell" may be interpreted as a cell group, carrier component, BWP, resource pool, resource, RAT (Radio Access Technology), system (including wireless LAN), etc.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present invention, terminal 20 is not limited to a V2X terminal, but may be any type of terminal that performs D2D communication. For example, terminal 20 may be a user-owned terminal such as a smartphone, or it may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a smart meter.

[0029] Figure 3 illustrates an example of communication in D2D. As shown in Figure 3, an environment is assumed in which multiple UEs, such as UE#A, UE#B, UE#C, and UE#D, communicate with each other. The resource pool used by each UE for sending and receiving is a set of resources in the time domain and frequency domain. The resource pool may be configured or preconfigured by the system or service provider. For example, in the resource pool, several time resources based on periodicity may be available for periodic traffic. Also, for example, in the resource pool, some frequency resources may be unavailable to reduce interference to the Uu interface (the wireless interface between UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) and UE (User Equipment)).

[0030] In the resource pool shown in Figure 3, subchannels are units of frequency domain scheduling. For example, {10,12,15,20,25,50,75,100}PRB may be set as one subchannel or pre-configured.

[0031] In the resource pool shown in Figure 3, slots represent the unit of time-domain scheduling. Symbol-based scheduling may be too complex if the UE (User Environment) autonomously selects resources. However, slot-based scheduling is not required.

[0032] As shown in Figure 3, the beginning of the slot transmitted from UE#A to UE#B is the transition period from the perspective of the transmitting UE. The transition period is the period required to adjust the transmitted power. On the other hand, the beginning of the slot transmitted from UE#A to UE#B is used for AGC (Auto Gain Control) from the perspective of the receiving UE. The received power differs greatly between links. A certain period of time is required to adjust the power range. By scheduling on a slot-by-slot basis, an increase in AGC opportunities can be prevented.

[0033] As shown in Figure 3, the end of the slot transmitted from UE#A to UE#B is used for the transmit / receive switching period. A UE may transmit in slot n and then receive in slot n+1. The transmit / receive switching period is defined for each slot.

[0034] As shown in Figure 3, if the transmission from UE#C to UE#A and the transmission from UE#D to UE#C overlap in the same slot, UE#C cannot perform transmission and reception simultaneously, and therefore must drop one of them. In other words, D2D communication becomes half-double overlapping transmission.

[0035] Note that the default settings for areas outside the base station's coverage may be pre-configured. Also, the RRC connection / configuration between UEs performing unicast should be handled by PC5 - This is called RRC connection / configuration.

[0036] Here, we consider scenarios of direct communication between terminals, such as in-coverage, partial coverage and out-of-coverage, or V2X (Vehicle to Everything), public safety, commercial and Location positioning is being considered in areas such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Coverage may mean that multiple UEs involved in positioning are within the BS coverage, partial coverage may mean that some of the multiple UEs involved in positioning are within the BS coverage, and outside coverage may mean that multiple UEs involved in positioning are not within the BS coverage.

[0037] The positioning of terminal 20 by LMF (Location Management Function) in the Uu interface of 3GPP Release 16 or 17 is performed by the methods 1)-3) shown below (see Non-Patent Documents 3, 4 and 5).

[0038] 1) Method based on DL-TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) 2) Method based on UL-TDOA 3) Method based on multi-RTT (Round Trip Time)

[0039] Figure 4 shows an example of positioning (1). As shown in Figure 4, the UE's position information may be calculated based on DL-TDOA. Based on DL-RSTD (Received Signal Time Difference) measured by the UE from DL radio signals transmitted from multiple NR TRPs. Therefore, the location of the UE may be estimated. The geographical location of the TRP and the DL transmission timing at the TRP may be used for this estimation. In addition to DL-RSTD, the location of the UE may also be estimated based on the RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) of the DL-PRS (Positioning Reference Signal).

[0040] In the DL-TDOA-based method, the location of the UE may be calculated using the following procedure. 1) The gNB sends DL-PRS from each TRP to the UE. 2) The UE reports the measurement result, DL-RSTD, to the GW and / or gNB and / or LMF via LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol). 3) gNB communicates the timing related to TRP via NRPPa (NR Positioning Protocol A) Report the information to LMF. 4) Based on the above information reported from the UE and gNB, the LMF calculates the UE location.

[0041] For example, as shown in Figure 4, the delay between the UE and TRP0, the delay between the UE and TRP1, and the delay between the UE and TRP2 may be measured, and the location of the UE may be calculated based on the geographical location of each TRP and the DL transmission timing.

[0042] Figure 5 shows an example of measuring DL-RSTD. Hereafter, "and / or" will also be written as " / ". As shown in Figure 5, DL-RSTD may refer to the time difference measured by the UE between the start of reception of the DL subframe of the reference TRP (TRP0 in Figure 5) and the start of reception of the DL subframe of another TRP. The start of a subframe may be determined by detecting DL-PRS.

[0043] The timing of each TRP transmission does not need to be uniform.

[0044] Regarding the calculation of UE location using DL-TDOA, the information shown in 1)-5) below may be reported from the UE to the GW / gNB / LMF.

[0045] 1) PCI (Physical Cell ID), GCI (Global Cell ID), and TRP-ID in each measurement. 2) DL-RSTD measurement results 3)DL-PRS-RSRP measurement results 4) Time of measurement (time stamp) 5) Each measurement quality Regarding the calculation of UE location using DL-TDOA, the information shown in 1)-6) below may be reported from gNB to LMF.

[0046] 1) PCI, GCI, and TRP-ID of TRP controlled by gNB 2) Timing information of TRP controlled by gNB 3) DL-PRS settings for TRP controlled by gNB 4) Information related to the SSB of the TRP controlled by the gNB, such as SSB time and frequency resources. 5) Information relating to the spatial direction of DL-PRS of TRP controlled by gNB 6) Information relating to the geographical coordinates of TRP controlled by gNB

[0047] DL-RSTD may be defined as the time difference measured by the UE between the start of reception of a DL subframe in a reference TRP and the start of reception of a DL subframe in another TRP. Multiple DL-PRS resources may be used to determine the start of reception of subframes.

[0048] As part of the timing information report related to the TRP controlled by the gNB, the TRP's SFN initialization time may also be reported. The SFN initialization time is the time when SFN0 opens It is the time to begin.

[0049] As part of the report of information relating to the geographic coordinates of the TRP controlled by the gNB, a point on an ellipsoid with altitude and an ellipse indicating the range of error may be reported (see Non-Patent Literature 6). For example, latitude, longitude, altitude, direction of altitude, range of altitude error, etc., may be reported.

[0050] As shown in Figure 4, the UE's location information may be calculated based on UL-TDOA. The UE's location may also be estimated based on UL-RTOA (Relative Time of Arrival), which is measured by the TRPs of multiple NRs (Non-Radio Reporting) on ​​the UL radio signal transmitted from the UE. Other configuration information may be used in this estimation. In addition to UL-RTOA, the UE's location may also be estimated based on the RSRP of the UL-SRS (Sounding Reference Signal). .

[0051] In the UL-TDOA-based method, the location of the UE may be calculated using the following procedure. 1) The UE sends SRS to multiple TRPs. 2) gNB reports the geographic coordinates of the measured UL-RTOA and TRP to LMF via NRPPa. 3) Based on the above information reported by gNB, LMF calculates the location of UE.

[0052] For example, as shown in Figure 4, the RTOA from UE to TRP0, the RTOA from UE to TRP1, and the RTOA from UE to TRP2 may be measured, and the UE's position may be calculated based on the geographical location of each TRP and the UL transmission timing.

[0053] Figure 6 shows an example of measuring UL-RTOA. As shown in Figure 6, UL-RTOA may refer to the time difference between the start of reception of the UL subframe containing the TRP's SRS and the RTOA reference time when the UL was transmitted.

[0054] Regarding the calculation of UE locations using UL-TDOA, the information shown in 1)-9) below may be reported from gNB to LMF.

[0055] 1) PCI, GCI, and TRP-ID of TRP controlled by gNB 2) Information related to the SSB of the TRP controlled by the gNB, such as SSB time and frequency resources. 3) Information relating to the geographic coordinates of TRP controlled by gNB 4) Measurement of NCGI (NR Cell Global Identifier) ​​and TRP-ID 5) UL-RTOA 6) UL-SRS RSRP 7) Time of measurement 8) Quality of each measurement 9) Information related to the beam of each measurement

[0056] UL-RTOA may be defined as the time difference between the start of reception of the UL subframe containing the SRS in the TRP and the RTOA reference time when the UL was transmitted. The gNB may report the geographic coordinates of the TRP to the LMF via NRPPa.

[0057] Figure 7 shows an example of positioning (2). As shown in Figure 7, the UE's position information may be calculated based on multiple RTTs. The UE's position may be estimated based on UE / gNB receive-transmit time difference measurements using DL-PRS and UL-SRS. DL-PRS-RSRP and UL-SRS-RSRP may be used for this estimation. The LMF may determine the RTT using UE / gNB receive-transmit time difference measurements.

[0058] In a multi-RTT-based method, the UE's position may be calculated using the following procedure. 1) The gNB sends DL-PRS from each TRP to the UE. 2) The UE sends SRS to multiple TRPs. 3) The UE reports the UE receive-transmit time difference to the GW and / or gNB and / or LMF via LPP. 4) The gNB reports the gNB receive-transmit time difference to the LMF via NRPPa. 5) Based on the above information reported by the UE and gNB, the LMF calculates the location of the UE.

[0059] For example, as shown in Figure 7, the RTT between UE and TRP0, the RTT between UE and TRP1, and the RTT between UE and TRP2 may be measured, and the location of UE may be calculated based on the geographical location of each TRP.

[0060] Figure 8 shows an example of measuring RTT. As shown in Figure 8, the UE receive-transmit time difference may refer to the time difference between when the TRP receives the DL subframe and when it transmits the UL subframe. Also, as shown in Figure 8, the gNB receive-transmit time difference may refer to the time difference between when the TRP receives the UL subframe and when the TRP transmits the DL subframe.

[0061] Regarding the calculation of UE location using multiple RTTs, the information shown in 1)-5) below may be reported from the UE to the GW / gNB / LMF.

[0062] 1) PCI, GCI, and TRP-ID in each measurement 2)DL-PRS-RSRP measurement results 3) UE reception-transmission time difference measurement results 4) Time of measurement 5) Each measurement quality

[0063] Regarding the calculation of UE location by RTT, the information shown in 1)-9) below may be reported from gNB to LMF.

[0064] 1) PCI, GCI, and TRP-ID of TRP controlled by gNB 2) Timing information of TRP controlled by gNB 3) DL-PRS settings for TRP controlled by gNB 4) Information related to the SSB of the TRP controlled by the gNB, such as SSB time and frequency resources. 5) Information relating to the spatial direction of DL-PRS of TRP controlled by gNB 6) Information relating to the geographical coordinates of TRP controlled by gNB 7) NCGI and TRP-ID measurements 8) gNB receive-transmit time difference 9) UL-SRS RSRP 10) UL-AoA (Angle of Arrival), e.g., azimuth angle and elevation angle 11) Time of measurement 12) Measurement Quality 13) Information related to the measurement beam

[0065] For definitions of UE receive-transmit time difference and gNB receive-transmit time difference, please refer to Non-Patent Document 7. Similar to DL-RSTD, the geographical coordinates of TRP may be reported.

[0066] As described above, positioning using the Uu interface employed positioning methods such as DL-TDOA, UL-TDOA, and multi-RTT, which utilize RSTD, RTOA, and the receive-transmit time difference, respectively, to indicate the propagation delay between the UE and TRP.

[0067] To perform position estimation using sidelink signals, it is necessary to consider position estimation algorithms for absolute or relative position estimation, definitions and transmission / reception procedures for the measurement sidelink signals used for position estimation, and procedures for reporting measurement results. However, position estimation algorithms for absolute or relative position estimation using signals from direct communication between terminals were not clearly defined.

[0068] Therefore, you may perform options 1) through 7) described below.

[0069] Option 1) For position estimation using side links, a terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-X") that wants to acquire its own device's position information may transmit a predetermined signal to another terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-Y") and receive a signal based on that signal (e.g., measurement result) from UE-Y.

[0070] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example (1) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] As shown in Figures 9 and 10, in step S11, UE-X transmits a predetermined signal to UE-Y. In the following step S12, UE-Y measures a predetermined value based on the predetermined signal. Step S12 is optional. In the following step S13, UE-Y transmits a signal to UE-X based on the predetermined signal (for example, information including a measurement value and / or information based on the measurement value). In the following step S14, UE-X calculates its own position based on the information received from UE-Y.

[0072] For example, as shown in Figure 10, UE-Y1, UE-Y2, and UE-Y3, UE-Y may be one or more UEs. That is, UE-X may perform steps S11-S14 for one or more UEs.

[0073] For example, the given signal may be SL-PRS (SL Positioning RS), or other Any SL signal may be used. Also, the signal transmitted by UE-Y may be SL-PRS or any other SL signal.

[0074] In the following, the signal used for position estimation will be referred to as SL-PRS, but it is not limited to this and may be named by other names. Note that position estimation and positioning may be interchangeable.

[0075] For example, SL-PRS may be multiplexed and transmitted with PSCCH and / or PSSCH transmissions. Alternatively, it may be transmitted using a dedicated resource for SL-PRS. Hereinafter, "PSCCH and / or PSSCH" will also be referred to as "PSCCH / PSSCH".

[0076] Figure 11 shows an example of the arrangement of reference signals in an embodiment of the present invention. The SL-PRS may be arranged as shown in 1)-3) below.

[0077] 1) SL-PRS does not need to be multiplexed in REs where 2nd stage SCI and / or DM-RS and / or PT-RS and / or CSI-RS are located. For example, overlap between 2nd stage SCI, DM-RS, PT-RS and CSI-RS and SL-PRS is not assumed. For example, if the mapping destination of SL-PRS is an RE where 2nd stage SCI, DM-RS, PT-RS or CSI-RS are located, the mapping of SL-PRS to that RE does not need to be performed.

[0078] 2) SL-PRS does not need to be multiplexed into the RE of PSCCH. For example, overlap between PSCCH and SL-PRS is not expected. For example, if the mapping destination of SL-PRS is the RE where PSCCH is located, PSCCH takes priority and the mapping of SL-PRS to that RE does not need to be performed.

[0079] 3) SL-PRS may or may not be frequency-division multiplexed to the same symbol as 2nd stage SCI and / or DM-RS and / or PT-RS and / or CSI-RS.

[0080] As described in 1) or 2) above, important signals can be prevented from being replaced by SL-PRS. Furthermore, as described in 3) above, mapping flexibility is improved when SL-PRS is frequency-division multiplexed, and UE operation can be simplified when SL-PRS is not frequency-division multiplexed. However, Figure 11 is an example of SL-PRS mapping and is not limited thereto.

[0081] For example, in step S14, the position of the device calculated by UE-X may be an absolute position or a relative position.

[0082] For example, Option 1) means that UE-X and UE-Y are out of coverage. This may apply when the environment is Out of Coverage (OoC), when UE-X and UE-Y are in a Partial-Coverage (PC) environment, or when UE-X and UE-Y are in an In-Coverage (IC) environment.

[0083] As per option 1) above, terminal 20 can perform actions to acquire location information.

[0084] Option 2) For position estimation using sidelinks, a UE-X that wants to acquire its own position information may transmit a predetermined signal to UE-Y and / or base station 10 (hereinafter referred to as "BS-Y"), and receive a signal based on said signal (e.g., measurement result) from UE-Y and / or BS-Y.

[0085] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example (2) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] As shown in Figures 12 and 13, in step S21, UE-X transmits a predetermined signal to UE-Y and / or BS-Y. In the following step S22, UE-Y and / or BS-Y measure a predetermined value based on the predetermined signal. Step S22 is optional. In the following step S23, UE-Y and / or BS-Y transmit a signal to UE-X based on the predetermined signal (for example, information including a measurement value and / or information based on a measurement value). In the following step S24, UE-X calculates its own position based on the information received from UE-Y and / or BS-Y.

[0087] For example, as shown in Figure 13, UE-Y may be one or more UEs, such as UE-Y1 and UE-Y2. That is, UE-X may perform steps S11-S14 for one or more UEs. Also, BS-Y may be one or more BSs.

[0088] For example, a predetermined signal for UE-Y may be SL-PRS or any other SL signal. For example, a predetermined signal for BS-Y may be SRS or any other UL signal. Also, the signal transmitted by UE-Y may be SL-PRS or any other SL signal. Also, the signal transmitted by BS-Y may be DL-PRS or any other DL signal.

[0089] For example, in step S24, the position of the device calculated by UE-X may be an absolute position or a relative position.

[0090] For example, option 2) may apply in the case of a partially covered environment or an in-coverage environment. However, a partially covered environment may be one in which UE-X is in an in-coverage environment and UE-Y is out-of-coverage environment.

[0091] As per option 2) above, terminal 20 is expected to be able to obtain more accurate location information by utilizing base station 10.

[0092] Option 3) The UE-X, having obtained its own position, may send a request to the BS to transmit position information. For example, only terminal 20 that supports positioning functionality via the Uu interface may execute option 3).

[0093] Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example (3) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figures 14 and 15, in step S31, UE-X transmits a position information request to BS. In the following step S32, BS performs a position information acquisition operation. In the following step S33, BS transmits position information to UE-X.

[0094] For example, in step S32, the positioning function using the Uu interface described above may be applied.

[0095] For example, step S32 may be skipped. For example, if the BS already holds the position information of the UE-X, step S32 may not be performed. Also, for example, if the BS already holds the position information of the UE-X and the desired accuracy requirement is met, step S32 may not be performed. For example, step S33 may be skipped. For example, if in step S32 the DL-PRS is transmitted from multiple BS / TRPs to the UE-X and a position measurement is performed at the UE-X, step S33 may not be performed.

[0096] For example, the location information requested by UE-X may be an absolute position or a relative position.

[0097] For example, UE-X may receive a notification from BS that location information is unavailable instead of location information. After receiving such notification, UE-X may obtain location information by other means, such as option 1) or option 2) above.

[0098] As described in option 3), terminal 20 can perform actions to acquire location information. By using Uu positioning, more accurate location measurement can be expected.

[0099] Option 4) Which of the above options 1), 2), and 3) is to be implemented may be determined based on predetermined conditions.

[0100] For example, the specified conditions may be an out-of-coverage environment, a partially-covered environment, or an in-coverage environment.

[0101] For example, the specified condition may be an accuracy requirement. That is, the decision on which option to apply may be based on whether the accuracy requirement is higher or lower than a predetermined threshold.

[0102] For example, the predetermined condition may be to acquire either an absolute position or a relative position.

[0103] For example, the predetermined condition may be a predetermined priority set for each option. For example, option 3) may have the highest priority, option 2) the next highest priority, and option 3) the lowest priority. If the highest priority option cannot be executed, the process may be repeated to execute the next highest priority option.

[0104] For example, the specified conditions may be UE capabilities. That is, which options are supported may be defined as UE capabilities, and terminal 20 may execute the supported options.

[0105] For example, the specified conditions may be a UE implementation. That is, terminal 20 may decide which option to execute based on the UE implementation.

[0106] As per option 4) above, terminal 20 can decide which of the multiple location acquisition methods to use if they are available.

[0107] Option 5) A terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-A") that wants to obtain the location information of another terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-B") may send a request to UE-B to transmit location information.

[0108] Figure 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example (4) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figures 16 and 17, in step S41, UE-A sends a position information request to UE-B. In the following step S42, UE-B performs a position information acquisition operation. In the following step S43, UE-B sends its own position information to UE-A.

[0109] For example, in step S42, option 1), option 2), or option 3) above may be executed. UE-B may be UE-X in option 1), option 2), or option 3). UE-A may or may not be included in UE-Y in option 1), option 2), or option 3). If UE-A is included in UE-Y in option 1), option 2), or option 3), one of the steps in option 1), option 2), or option 3) above for UE-A may be skipped without being executed.

[0110] For example, step S42 may be skipped. For example, if UE-B already has the location information of its own device, step S42 may not be performed. Also, for example, if UE-B already has the location information of its own device and the desired accuracy requirements are met, step S42 may not be performed.

[0111] For example, the location information requested by UE-A may be an absolute position or a relative position.

[0112] Option 5) described above enables support for use cases and services that require location information from other UEs. Furthermore, it allows for the unification of the operations for acquiring location information from other UEs and acquiring location information from one's own device.

[0113] Option 6) A terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-A") that wants to obtain the location information of another terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as "UE-B") may send a request to BS for the transmission of location information relating to UE-B.

[0114] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example (5) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of position estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figures 18 and 19, in step S51, UE-A transmits a request for position information relating to UE-B to BS. In the following step S52, BS performs a position information acquisition operation relating to UE-B. In the following step S53, BS transmits position information relating to UE-B to UE-A.

[0115] For example, in step S52, the Uu interface positioning function, such as the Uu interface positioning function described above, may be executed.

[0116] For example, in step S52, BS may instruct UE-B to perform the SL's positioning function, for example, option 1) or option 2) above. UE-B may perform the SL's positioning function, for example, option 1) or option 2) above, and report the acquired position information of its own device to BS.

[0117] For example, step S52 may be skipped. For example, if BS already has the location information of UE-B, step S52 may not be performed. Also, for example, if BS already has the location information of UE-B and the desired accuracy requirements are met, step S52 may not be performed.

[0118] For example, the location information requested by UE-A may be an absolute position or a relative position.

[0119] For example, UE-A may receive a notification from BS that location information for UE-B is unavailable, instead of location information. After receiving such notification, UE-A may obtain location information by other means, such as option 5) above.

[0120] As described in option 6), terminal 20 can perform actions to acquire location information. By using Uu positioning, more accurate location measurement can be expected.

[0121] Option 7) Whether to perform option 5) or option 6) above may be determined based on predetermined conditions.

[0122] For example, the specified conditions may be an out-of-coverage environment, a partially-covered environment, or an in-coverage environment.

[0123] For example, the specified conditions may be accuracy requirements.

[0124] For example, the predetermined condition may be to acquire either an absolute position or a relative position.

[0125] For example, the specified condition may be a predetermined priority set for each option. For example, option 6) may have a higher priority than option 5).

[0126] For example, the specified conditions may be UE capabilities. That is, which options are supported may be defined as UE capabilities, and terminal 20 may execute the supported options.

[0127] For example, the specified conditions may be a UE implementation. That is, terminal 20 may decide which option to execute based on the UE implementation.

[0128] As per option 7) above, terminal 20 can decide which of the multiple location acquisition methods to perform if they are available.

[0129] In the case of positioning in Uu, the timing of DL and UL are synchronized on the network side by TA (Timing Advance), and the timing of TRP is also synchronized, or the network side is aware of the timing difference, so the delay time and time difference between TRP and UE can be correctly obtained.

[0130] Hereinafter, the transmission timing or reception timing of SL-PRS may correspond to the beginning of the SL-PRS time domain, to any predetermined point in the signal, or to a predetermined point in time (e.g., the beginning of the time domain) within the time resource unit (e.g., slot, subframe, frame) containing the SL-PRS.

[0131] Figure 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of transmission and reception timing. Figure 20 shows an example where the DL timings of TRP0 and TRP1 are synchronized, but it may also be applicable when they are not synchronized. As shown in Figure 20, when the UE transmits an SL-PRS and TRP0 and TRP1 each receive the SL-PRS, the reference time is defined by the timing related to DL in TRP0 or the UL reception timing of the SL-PRS, and the UL-RTOA in TRP0 is 0. The UL-RTOA in TRP1 is the time from the reference time to the UL reception timing of the SL-PRS in TRP1, as shown in Figure 20. Note that if the reference time is not defined, RTOA may be defined as the difference in reception timings between TRPs. The same applies hereafter.

[0132] From the UL-TDOA (i.e., 0) at TRP0 and the UL-TDOA at TRP1, along with the absolute positions of TRP0 and TRP1, a curve representing a candidate for the UE position can be drawn.

[0133] On the other hand, for positioning in SL, the synchronization sources include GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), eNB, gNB, SyncRefUE, etc. When performing positioning in SL, it is necessary to appropriately define the reference time and the time difference to be acquired according to each synchronization source.

[0134] Therefore, the measurement value based on the transmission and reception of SL signals between UE-X, which wants to acquire the position of its own device, and the other party (UE-Y) that transmits the SL signal for position measurement, may be measured with a predetermined timing as the reference time.

[0135] If UE-X and UE-Y are synchronized based on GNSS, the GNSS-based timing may be used as the reference time. The GNSS-based SL synchronization timing may be defined, for example, by frame, subframe, slot, or UTC time.

[0136] Figure 21 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of transmission and reception timing in an embodiment of the present invention. In the example shown in Figure 21, when synchronization is performed based on GNSS, it may be assumed that the transmission timing is synchronized across all UEs.

[0137] As shown in Figure 21, the reference time may be defined as a GNSS-based timing, i.e., the SL-PRS transmission timing or synchronization timing of UE-X or UE-Y. SL-RTOA in UE-Y1 is from the reference time until UE-Y1 receives the SL-PRS. SL-RTOA in UE-Y2 is from the reference time until UE-Y2 receives the SL-PRS.

[0138] When UE-Y receives a measurement signal (e.g., SL-PRS) from UE-X, UE-Y may measure the difference between the timing of the SL-PRS reception and the above-mentioned reference time and report it to UE-X.

[0139] On the other hand, if UE-X receives an SL-PRS from UE-Y, UE-X may measure the difference between the timing of the SL-PRS reception and the reference time mentioned above.

[0140] The above operation allows for accurate measurement of the propagation delay of the SL signal.

[0141] Furthermore, if UE-X and UE-Y are synchronizing based on eNB, gNB, or SyncRefUE (the UE that serves as the synchronization source), the synchronization timing of the device itself may be used as the reference time. For example, the synchronization timing of the device itself may be the SL synchronization timing based on the DL timing of the eNB or gNB, or the SL synchronization timing based on S-SSB reception.

[0142] FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining an example (2) of transmission / reception timing in an embodiment of the present invention. Δt is the difference between the transmission timing of UE-Y and the timing at which the transmission of UE-Y is received by UE-X, that is, the difference between the transmission timing of UE-X and the timing at which the transmission of UE-X is received by UE-Y, that is, the propagation delay between UE-X and UE-Y. As shown in FIG. 22, when UE-Y receives a measurement signal (e.g., SL-PRS) from UE-X, UE-Y may measure the difference between the timing related to the reception of SL-PRS and the reference time, or a value including the difference, and report it to UE-X. The value to be reported may be Δt1 shown below.

[0143] Δt1 = t Y-RX -t Y-Ref However, as shown in FIG. 22, t Y-RX is the SL-PRS reception timing at UE-Y t Y-Ref is the reference time at UE-Y Δt sync is the synchronization deviation between UE-Y and UE-X Note that, as shown in FIG. 22, Δt1 = Δt + Δt sync becomes.

[0144] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 22, when UE-X receives a measurement signal (e.g., SL-PRS) from UE-Y, UE-X measures the difference between the timing related to the reception of SL-PRS and the reference time, or a value including the difference. The value to be reported may be Δt2 shown below.

[0145] Δt2 = t X-RX -t X-Ref However, as shown in FIG. 22, t X-RX is the SL-PRS reception timing at UE-X t X-Ref is the reference time at UE-X is. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 22, Δt² = Δt - Δt sync This is the result.

[0146] UE-X may measure the position of the UE based on the above information Δt1 and Δt2. The propagation delay Δt between UE-Y and UE-X is: Δt = (Δt1 + Δt2) / 2 This is the result. Transmission timing difference Δt between UE-Y and UE-X sync Since Δt1 and Δt2 are included with different signs, Δt can be calculated using the above formula.

[0147] Furthermore, when UE-X and UE-Y synchronize based on eNB, gNB, or SyncRefUE, the method of both UE-X and UE-Y transmitting SL-PRS to each other to measure the time difference is applicable, and the method of only one of them transmitting SL-PRS to measure the time difference is not applicable. This allows for accurate measurement of propagation delay even when there is a synchronization mismatch between UEs.

[0148] Furthermore, if UE-X and UE-Y are synchronizing based on GNSS, the same method as described above for when UE-X and UE-Y are synchronizing based on eNB, gNB, or SyncRefUE (the UE that serves as the synchronization source) may be applied. For example, the timing based on the synchronization timing of the device itself may be used as the reference time, and a method in which both UE-X and UE-Y transmit SL-PRS to each other to measure the time difference may be applied, while a method in which only one of them transmits SL-PRS to measure the time difference may not be applied.

[0149] Furthermore, if UE-X and UE-Y are synchronized based on an eNB or gNB, the timing based on the DL transmission timing in the eNB or gNB may be used as the reference time. The above timing, which will serve as the reference time, may also be derived from the TA value used for communication with the eNB or gNB. For example, the above timing, which will serve as the reference time, may be set to a timing TA / 2 before the DL reception timing of the device itself. This allows for the measurement of propagation delay using a common timing as the reference time, even when there is a synchronization mismatch between UEs.

[0150] In the above-described embodiment, the reference time is defined by a specific frame or a specific subframe, and the frame length and / or index, subframe length or index may be used for measurement and / or calculation.

[0151] The reception timing of SL-PRS is defined as a specific timing within a frame or subframe, and the difference between the actual reception timing and the defined reception timing may be used for measurement and / or calculation.

[0152] The above-described embodiment may be applied to D2D of NR, or to D2D of other RATs. Furthermore, the above-described embodiment may be applied to FR2, or to other frequency bands.

[0153] The above-described embodiment is not limited to V2X terminals, but may also be applied to terminals that perform D2D communication.

[0154] The operation described in the above embodiment may be performed only in a specific resource pool. For example, it may be performed only in resource pools where terminal 20 with 3GPP release 17 or 3GPP release 18 or later is available.

[0155] In the above embodiment, the terminal 20 can obtain its own location information by sending and receiving positioning signals using the side link signal and measuring by applying a reference time based on the synchronization source.

[0156] In other words, the device's location information can be obtained through direct communication between terminals.

[0157] (Device configuration) Next, we will describe an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 and terminal 20 that perform the processes and operations described above. The base station 10 and terminal 20 include functions to implement the embodiments described above. However, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may each have only some of the functions in the embodiments.

[0158] <Base station 10> Figure 23 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10. As shown in Figure 23, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Figure 23 is merely an example. Any functional classification and functional unit names are acceptable as long as they enable the operation according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0159] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 and transmitting the signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and obtaining information from the received signals, for example, information from a higher layer. The transmitting unit 110 also has the function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, DL reference signals, etc. to the terminal 20.

[0160] The setting unit 130 stores pre-configured setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20 in a storage device, and reads it from the storage device as needed. The contents of the setting information include, for example, information related to D2D communication settings.

[0161] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 140 performs processing related to the settings for the terminal 20 to perform D2D communication. The control unit 140 also transmits the scheduling of D2D communication and DL communication to the terminal 20 via the transmission unit 110. The control unit 140 also receives information related to the HARQ response of D2D communication and DL communication from the terminal 20 via the reception unit 120. The signal transmission function unit of the control unit 140 may be included in the transmission unit 110, and the signal reception function unit of the control unit 140 may be included in the reception unit 120.

[0162] <Terminal 20> Figure 24 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20. As shown in Figure 24, terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Figure 24 is merely an example. The names of the functional categories and functional units can be anything as long as they can perform the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0163] The LTE-SL transmission / reception mechanism (module) and the NR-SL transmission / reception mechanism (module) described above may each separately have a transmission unit 210, a reception unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240.

[0164] The transmitting unit 210 creates a transmission signal from the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and acquires signals from higher layers from the received physical layer signals. The receiving unit 220 also has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals or reference signals transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the transmitting unit 210 transmits PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), etc. to other terminals 20 as D2D communication, and the receiving unit 220 receives from other terminals 20 It receives PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH, etc.

[0165] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 or terminal 20 by the receiving unit 220 in its storage device and reads it from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores pre-configured setting information. The content of the setting information is, for example, information related to D2D communication settings.

[0166] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 240 controls D2D communication to establish an RRC connection with other terminals 20. The control unit 240 also performs power-saving operations. The control unit 240 also performs HARQ processing for D2D and DL communication. The control unit 240 transmits information related to the HARQ response for D2D and DL communication scheduled from the base station 10 to the base station 10. The control unit 240 may also schedule D2D communication with other terminals 20. The control unit 240 may also autonomously select resources to be used for D2D communication from a resource selection window based on sensing results, or it may perform re-evaluation or preemption. The control unit 240 also performs power-saving processing for D2D communication transmission and reception. The control unit 240 also performs processing related to inter-terminal coordination in D2D communication. The signal transmission function unit of the control unit 240 may be included in the transmission unit 210, and the signal reception function unit of the control unit 240 may be included in the reception unit 220.

[0167] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams (Figures 23 and 24) used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may be realized by combining the one or more devices with software.

[0168] Functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, assumption, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and distribution. Examples include assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a function to enable transmission. The blocks (components) are also called the transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0169] For example, the base station 10, terminal 20, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 25 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and terminal 20 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-mentioned base station 10 and terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0170] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0171] Each function in the base station 10 and terminal 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and storage device 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the storage device 1002 and auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0172] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running the operating system. The processor 1001 is composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. This is also possible. For example, the control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0173] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002, and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes a computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in Figure 23 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Also, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in Figure 24 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Although the above processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may be transmitted from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0174] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable storage medium, and is, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. It may also be composed of one of the following. The storage device 1002 may be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0175] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc, a digital multipurpose disc, a Blu-ray® disc), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may also be a database, server, or other suitable medium that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0176] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver / receiver device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 uses at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD), for example. To achieve this, the system may include high-frequency switches, duplexers, filters, frequency synthesizers, etc. For example, the transmitting and receiving antennas, amplifier section, transmitting and receiving section, transmission path interface, etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting and receiving section may be physically or logically separated into a transmitting section and a receiving section.

[0177] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to an external source (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp). (e.g., a touch panel). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (for example, a touch panel).

[0178] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0179] Furthermore, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), programmable logic device (PLD), and field programmable gate array (FPGA), and each function can be performed using this hardware. Some or all of the locking may be implemented. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0180] Figure 26 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. As shown in Figure 26, vehicle 2001 comprises a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0181] The drive unit 2002 consists of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel, which is operated by the user.

[0182] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and communication ports (IO ports) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 installed in the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0183] Signals from various sensors 2021-2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 which senses motor current, front and rear wheel rotation speed signals obtained by rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals obtained by shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0184] The Information Services Unit 2012 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Services Unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The Information Services Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0185] The driver assistance system unit 2030 includes millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS), and map information (e.g., high-definition map information). It consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as HD maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 2030 also sends and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0186] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data via its communication port 2033 to the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, the microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021-29 provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0187] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0188] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above input.

[0189] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external device in memory 2032, which is available to the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2029, etc., provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0190] (Summary of the embodiments) As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a terminal is provided which includes a transmitting unit that transmits a position measurement signal to another terminal in direct terminal-to-terminal communication, a receiving unit that receives the measurement result of the position measurement signal from the other terminal, and a control unit that assumes the measurement result is the difference between the reception timing of the position measurement signal at the other terminal and a reference time, and the control unit determines the reference time based on a synchronization source.

[0191] With the above configuration, terminal 20 can obtain its own location information by sending and receiving positioning signals using sidelink signals and measuring them by applying a reference time based on a synchronization source. In other words, it can obtain its own location information through direct communication between terminals.

[0192] The control unit may determine the synchronization timing based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) as the reference time if the synchronization source is GNSS. With this configuration, the terminal 20 can obtain its own device's position information by sending and receiving positioning signals using the sidelink signal and measuring by applying the reference time based on the synchronization source.

[0193] The control unit may determine the transmission timing of the other terminal as the reference time when the synchronization source is a base station or a synchronization reference terminal. With this configuration, terminal 20 can obtain its own location information by sending and receiving positioning signals using sidelink signals and applying and measuring the reference time based on the synchronization source.

[0194] The receiving unit may receive the position measurement signal from the other terminal, and the control unit may measure the difference between the reception timing of the position measurement signal received from the other terminal and the reference time. With this configuration, terminal 20 can obtain its own position information by sending and receiving position positioning signals using sidelink signals and applying and measuring a reference time based on a synchronization source.

[0195] The control unit may calculate the position of its own device based on the measurement results received from the other terminal and the measured difference. With this configuration, terminal 20 can obtain its own device's position information by sending and receiving positioning signals using sidelink signals and applying a reference time based on a synchronization source for measurement.

[0196] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a positioning method is provided in which a terminal performs the following steps: a transmission step of transmitting a position measurement signal in direct terminal-to-terminal communication to another terminal; a reception step of receiving the measurement result of the position measurement signal from the other terminal; a control step of assuming that the measurement result is the difference between the reception timing of the position measurement signal at the other terminal and a reference time; and a step of determining the reference time based on a synchronization source.

[0197] With the above configuration, terminal 20 can obtain its own location information by sending and receiving positioning signals using sidelink signals and measuring them by applying a reference time based on a synchronization source. In other words, it can obtain its own location information through direct communication between terminals.

[0198] (Supplement to the embodiment) While embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, substitutions, etc. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention, and matters described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and matters described in one item may be applied to matters described in another item (as long as they do not contradict each other). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical parts. The operation of multiple functional units may be physically performed by one part, or the operation of one functional unit may be physically performed by multiple parts. Regarding the processing procedures described in the embodiments, the order of processing may be changed as long as it does not contradict each other. For the convenience of explaining the processing, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0199] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the embodiments / models described herein and may be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling), or broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block)). This may be carried out by SIB (System Information Block), other signals, or a combination thereof. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, such as RRC Connection Setup messages and RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages.

[0200] Each aspect / embodiment described herein is LTE (Long Term Evolution), L TE-A(LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G(4th 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG(x is, for example, an integer, This may apply to systems utilizing FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-WideBand), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and other appropriate systems, as well as to at least one of next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0201] The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be reordered, provided they are consistent with each other. For example, the methods described herein present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0202] In this specification, specific operations performed by the base station 10 may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station 10, terminal 20 and It is clear that the various operations performed for communication can be carried out by the base station 10 and at least one other network node (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0203] The information or signals described in this disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). They may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0204] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to other devices.

[0205] The determination in this disclosure may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0206] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0207] Furthermore, software, commands, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, software may be transmitted using wired technology (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), etc.) and wireless technology (infrared). When transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of the following (wired, wireless, etc.):

[0208] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0209] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0210] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0211] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a given value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by an index.

[0212] The names used for the parameters described above are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, the formulas and other expressions using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0213] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", and "Base Station" are used. "Fixed station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "Access point", "Transmitting point" (transmission point), reception point, send / receive point "Transmission / reception point", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell group", Terms such as "carrier" and "component carrier" can be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0214] A base station can house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a Remote Radio Head (RRH)). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0215] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform information-based control or operation.

[0216] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0217] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0218] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object, and its speed of movement is arbitrary. This naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, and drones (registered trademarks). This includes, but is not limited to, aircraft, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items mounted on them. The mobile entity may also be an autonomous mobile entity that operates based on operational commands. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0219] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, consider a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.). Each aspect / embodiment of this disclosure may be applied. In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be replaced with terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. may be replaced with side channel.

[0220] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal described above.

[0221] The terms “determining” and “decision” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide range of actions. “Determining” and “judgment” can include, for example, “judging” and “calculation.” Calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (for example, tables, databases or This can include considering the "judgment" or "decision" to be made after searching in a different data structure and confirming (ascertaining). Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can also include receiving (for example, receiving information). This can include considering something as a "judgment" or "decision" based on actions such as believing, transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can also include considering something as a "judgment" or "decision" based on actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing. In short, "judgment" and "decision" are... may include deeming that some operation has been “judged” or “decided”. Further, “judgment (decision)” may be rephrased as “assuming”, “expecting”, “considering”, etc.

[0222] The terms “connected” and “coupled”, or any variations thereof, mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connected” may be rephrased as “accessed”. As used in this disclosure, two elements can be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more electric wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency region, microwave region, and optical (both visible and invisible) region, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0223] The reference signal may also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) and may be called a Pilot according to the applicable standard.

[0224] The description “based on” used in this disclosure does not mean “only based on” unless otherwise specified. In other words, the description “based on” means both “only based on” and “at least based on”.

[0225] ​Any reference to an element using terms such as "first", "second", etc. used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These terms can be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in any form.

[0226] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with a "part", "circuit", "device", etc.

[0227] In this disclosure, when terms such as "include", "including" and their variants are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising". Further, the term "or" used in this disclosure is not intended to be an exclusive disjunction.

[0228] A wireless frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. The subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that does not depend on numerology.

[0229] Numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, wireless frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, etc. interval (TTI:Transmission Time Interval), number of symbols per TTI, wireless frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0230] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A slot may also be a numerology-based time unit.

[0231] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0232] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Different names may be used for each of these terms.

[0233] For example, one subframe may be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0234] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each terminal 20 to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each terminal 20) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0235] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Given a TTI, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) to which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the given TTI.

[0236] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

[0237] A TTI with a time length of 1ms may also be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0238] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0239] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0240] Furthermore, the time domain of RB may contain one or more symbols and may be the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0241] One or more RBs may also be called a Physical RB (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0242] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE might consist of one subcarrier and one symbol. It may also be the wireless resource area.

[0243] The bandwidth portion (BWP: Bandwidth Part) (also called partial bandwidth) is In a carrier, this may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology. Here, the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0244] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL (DL BWP). For the terminal 20, one or more BWPs may be configured within one carrier.

[0245] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the terminal 20 may not be assumed to transmit and receive a predetermined signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that in the present disclosure, "cell", "carrier", etc. may be read as "BWP".

[0246] The structures such as the wireless frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in the wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in the slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in the slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in the RB, and the number of symbols within the TTI, symbol length, cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc., can be changed in various ways.

[0247] In the present disclosure, for example, when an article is added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the present disclosure may include that the noun following these articles is in the plural form. When an article is added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the present disclosure may include that the noun following these articles is in the plural form.

[0248] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other". Note that the term may also mean "A and B are each different from C". Terms such as "separate", "coupled", etc. may also be interpreted in the same way as "different".

[0249] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched and used during execution. Also, the notification of predetermined information (for example, the notification of "being X") is not limited to being explicitly performed, and may be performed implicitly (for example, not performing the notification of the predetermined information).

[0250] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0251] 10 base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting section 140 Control Unit 20 devices 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting section 240 Control Unit 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive Unit 2003 Steering Department 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift Lever 2007 Front Wheel 2008 Rear wheel 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic Control Unit 2012 Information Services Department 2013 Communication Module 2021 Current Sensor 2022 Rotation speed sensor 2023 Pneumatic Sensor 2024 Vehicle Speed ​​Sensor 2025 Accelerometer 2026 Brake Pedal Sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object Detection Sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driver Support Systems Department 2031 Microprocessor 2032 memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (I / O port)

Claims

1. A receiving unit that receives a positioning reference signal from another terminal in terminal-to-terminal communication (D2D communication), A control unit that measures the Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA) based on the timing of receiving the positioning reference signal, using the reference time based on the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) as a reference. Equipped with, The aforementioned RTOA is the difference between the reference time based on the GNSS and the reception timing of the positioning reference signal. The reception timing is based on the time at the beginning of the subframe in the D2D communication. Terminal.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the aforementioned reference time is defined based on UTC time.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, further comprising a transmitting unit for transmitting the measurement results of the RTOA to the other terminal.

4. A positioning method for determining the location of a terminal, The steps include transmitting a positioning reference signal from the first terminal to the second terminal in terminal-to-terminal communication (D2D communication), The second terminal includes the step of measuring the Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA) based on the timing of receiving the positioning reference signal, with reference time based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), The aforementioned RTOA is the difference between the reference time based on the GNSS and the reception timing of the positioning reference signal. The reception timing is based on the time at the beginning of the subframe in the D2D communication. Positioning method.

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