Self-extinguishing molded products
A self-extinguishing molded article with a fire extinguishing agent composition addresses the bulkiness and complexity of conventional fire extinguishing systems by using a fuel-chlorate-potassium salt mixture to automatically extinguish fires, providing effective and compact fire safety without additional devices.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- YAMATO PROTEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
Conventional fire extinguishers and extinguishing devices are bulky, complex, and costly, requiring additional components and placement considerations, while current safety measures like fire extinguishers and flame-retardant materials are insufficient for effective fire safety.
A self-extinguishing molded article containing a fire extinguishing agent composition that generates an aerosol by combustion, using a mixture of fuel, chlorate, and potassium salt, which activates its fire extinguishing function without the need for separate devices, with a thermal decomposition initiation temperature between 90°C and 260°C.
Enables compact, lightweight fire safety measures by automatically extinguishing fires using thermal energy, preventing false activation of heat detectors, and eliminating the need for traditional fire extinguishers or devices.
Smart Images
Figure 0007872044000002 
Figure 0007872044000003 
Figure 0007872044000004
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a self-extinguishing molded article, characterized by including a fire extinguishing agent composition that generates an aerosol by combustion to extinguish and suppress a fire.
Background Art
[0002] Many common fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices eject and disperse fire extinguishing agents or fire extinguishing gases by ignition methods using gas pressure or electric circuits. For example, various components such as parts for operation, parts for ejecting and dispersing fire extinguishing agents or fire extinguishing gases, electric circuit components for ignition, temperature and flame sensors, etc. are required.
[0003] Therefore, structurally, the device becomes bulky like a fire extinguisher or a fire extinguishing device, and it is necessary to design its structure and system. Also, the management and manufacturing processes of each component become complicated, and the cost burden is large.
[0004] On the other hand, for buildings such as automobiles and houses, safety measures against fires are always required. For example, fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices are placed, or incombustible materials or flame-retardant materials are used as constituent members (for example, Patent Document 1). However, in such safety measures, a placement location for fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices is required, and even materials that are difficult to burn are insufficient in the current situation.
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
[0005]
Patent Document 1
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0006] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a self-extinguishing molded product that can activate its self-extinguishing function without the use of fire extinguishers or fire extinguishing devices, thereby enabling safety measures against fire. [Means for solving the problem]
[0007] However, the inventors diligently investigated and conducted repeated experiments to see if they could effectively use the "fire extinguishing agent composition that can make fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing equipment more compact and lightweight compared to when using conventional powder-based fire extinguishing agents," for which they have separately filed a patent application. As a result, they found that by using this, ,for example We discovered that providing self-extinguishing capabilities to automobile parts and building components would be effective in achieving the above objectives, and thus completed the present invention.
[0008] In other words, the present invention provides a self-extinguishing molded article characterized by containing a fire extinguishing agent composition that generates an aerosol by combustion to extinguish and suppress fires. The self-extinguishing molded article of the present invention having such a configuration can activate its self-extinguishing function by generating a chemical species with fire extinguishing function using the thermal energy of the fire when a fire occurs, and thus enables fire safety measures without the use of fire extinguishers or fire extinguishing devices.
[0009] The self-extinguishing molded article of the present invention described above can have a planar shape (e.g., film-like, sheet-like, plate-like) or a three-dimensional shape (e.g., columnar), and can be used in various parts and components.
[0010] Furthermore, in the self-extinguishing molded article of the present invention described above, the extinguishing agent composition is It contains 20-50% by mass of fuel and 80-50% by mass of chlorate. Furthermore, the total amount of the fuel and the chlorate is 100 parts by mass, and the mixture contains 6 to 1000 parts by mass of potassium salt. The thermal decomposition initiation temperature is in the range of over 90°C to 260°C. It is preferable.
[0011] Using a fire extinguishing agent composition with such a structure allows for more reliable self-extinguishing, and enables a more compact and lightweight design compared to conventional powder-based fire extinguishing agents. [Effects of the Invention]
[0012] According to the present invention, a self-extinguishing molded product can be realized that can activate its self-extinguishing function without using fire extinguishers or fire extinguishing devices, thus enabling safety measures against fire. [Brief explanation of the drawing]
[0013] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of the self-extinguishing molded article of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the self-extinguishing molded article of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram showing yet another embodiment of the self-extinguishing molded article of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram showing yet another embodiment of the self-extinguishing molded article of the present invention. [Figure 5] This figure illustrates the test method for confirming the fire extinguishing performance using the self-extinguishing molded product of the present invention (combustion space volume is 5L). [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0014] Hereinafter, typical embodiments of the self-extinguishing molded articles of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that redundant explanations may be omitted in each embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to these drawings. Furthermore, since the drawings are intended to conceptually explain the present invention, dimensions, ratios, or numbers may be exaggerated or simplified as necessary for ease of understanding.
[0015] ≪First Embodiment≫ Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the self-extinguishing molded product of the present invention. The self-extinguishing molded product 1 in this embodiment is in the form of a sheet and can be used by being attached to an adherend 2 such as an automobile panel or a building wall.
[0016] This self-extinguishing molded product 1 can be produced by mixing a fire extinguishing agent composition with a binder and other components, and forming the resulting mixture into a sheet by a conventionally known method using a molding machine or the like. Hereinafter, the fire extinguishing agent composition, binder, and other components will be described.
[0017] (1) Fire extinguishing agent composition The fire extinguishing agent composition contains 20 to 50% by mass of a fuel (Component A) and 80 to 50% by mass of a chlorate (Component B), and further contains 6 to 1000 parts by mass of a potassium salt (Component C) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the fuel and the chlorate, and is characterized in that the thermal decomposition start temperature is in the range of over 90°C to 260°C.
[0018] The fuel as Component A is a component for generating thermal energy by combustion together with the chlorate as Component B and generating an aerosol (potassium radical) derived from the potassium salt of Component C.
[0019] Examples of such fuel as Component A include dicyandiamide, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, urea, melamine, melamine cyanurate, avicel, guar gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, potassium carboxymethyl cellulose, ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, aluminum, boron, magnesium, magnesium, zirconium, titanium, titanium hydride, tungsten, and silicon Those selected from at least one of them are preferable. Among them, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of more surely obtaining the effect of the present invention of generating an aerosol and extinguishing fire.
[0020] Component B, chlorate, is a powerful oxidizing agent that, together with the fuel of component A, generates thermal energy through combustion and is a component that generates aerosols (potassium radicals) derived from the potassium salt of component C.
[0021] The chlorate of component B is preferably selected from at least one of potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, and magnesium chlorate. Among these, potassium chlorate is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of more reliably obtaining the effects of the present invention.
[0022] Here, the proportions of fuel component A and chlorate component B in the total 100% by mass are as follows: A component: 20~50% by mass Preferably 25-40% by mass A comfortable 25-35% by mass B component: 80~50% by mass Preferably 75-60% by mass Comfortably 75-65% by mass
[0023] Next, component C, the potassium salt, is a component that generates an aerosol (potassium radical) using the thermal energy produced by the combustion of components A and B.
[0024] The potassium salt of component C is preferably selected from at least one of the following: potassium acetate, potassium propionate, monopotassium citrate, dipotassium citrate, tripotassium citrate, monopotassium trihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, dipotassium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tripotassium monohydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tetrapotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, dipotassium phthalate, potassium hydrogen oxalate, dipotassium oxalate, and potassium bicarbonate. Among these, potassium acetate or tripotassium citrate is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of more reliably obtaining the effects of the present invention.
[0025] The content of component C is preferably 6 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 900 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of components A and B.
[0026] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention has a thermal decomposition initiation temperature in the range of over 90°C to 260°C, preferably over 150°C to 260°C. This range of thermal decomposition initiation temperature can be adjusted by combining components A, B, and C in the above proportions.
[0027] The above-mentioned fire extinguishing agent composition satisfies the above-mentioned range of thermal decomposition initiation temperatures, so that, for example, without the use of an ignition device, components A and B automatically ignite and burn in response to the heat of a fire, generating an aerosol (potassium radical) derived from component C to extinguish the fire.
[0028] Furthermore, the ignition temperature of wood, a common combustible material found indoors, is 260°C. By setting the thermal decomposition start temperature so that it does not activate below 90°C, which is the typical operating temperature for heat detectors in automatic fire alarm systems installed in areas where fire is handled, rapid fire extinguishing is possible, and false activation of the heat detectors can also be prevented. In particular, since the maximum setting temperature for heat detectors is 150°C, Setting the lower limit of the thermal decomposition initiation temperature to over 150°C provides high versatility.
[0029] The form of the fire extinguishing agent composition having the above-described structure is not particularly limited and can be used as a liquid such as a dispersion, a powder, or a solid such as a molded body of a desired shape. If it is a dispersion, it can also be used as a coating agent by spray application. Furthermore, the molded body can be in the form of granules, pellets of a desired shape (such as cylindrical shape), tablets, spheres, discs, etc., with an apparent density of 1.0 g / cm³. 3 The above is preferable.
[0030] (2) Binders and other components Various materials can be used as the binder and other components, as long as they enable molding without impairing the function of the fire extinguishing agent composition described above. In particular, the binder may be an inorganic binder or an organic binder. It should be noted that even without using a binder, it is possible to produce the self-extinguishing molded product of the present invention by using a dispersant described later.
[0031] Examples of inorganic binders include sinterable inorganic materials, and specific examples of these sinterable inorganic materials include, for example, electrically insulating glass.
[0032] Examples of the aforementioned electrically insulating glass include E-glass, which contains silicon dioxide in an amount ranging from 50-60% by weight, aluminum oxide in an amount ranging from 10-20% by weight, calcium oxide in an amount ranging from 10-20% by weight, magnesium oxide in an amount ranging from 1-10% by weight, and boron oxide in an amount ranging from 8-13% by weight.
[0033] Furthermore, the above-mentioned sinterable inorganic material is preferably one in which the lead metal salt and alkali metal oxide content is less than 1% by weight of the sinterable inorganic material. Examples of such lead metal salts include PbO, PbO2, and Pb3O4, and examples of the alkali metal oxides include Na2O and K2O.
[0034] Furthermore, among the sinterable inorganic materials mentioned above, E-glass is preferred from the viewpoint of having a low alkali metal oxide content and having less impact on building materials such as fire doors made of fireproof and fire-resistant panels.
[0035] Next, as organic binders, for example, specifically, polyolefin resins such as polypropylene resins, polyethylene resins, poly(1-)butene resins, and polypentene resins, polystyrene resins, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate resins, ethylene-propylene resins, polycarbonate resins, polyphenylene ether resins, acrylic resins, polyamide resins, and polyvinyl chloride resins are examples of thermoplastic resins. Examples of rubbers include natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), 1,2-polybutadiene rubber (1,2-BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR, EPDM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), acrylic rubber (ACM, ANM), epichlorohydrin rubber (CO, ECO), polyvulcanized rubber (T), silicone rubber (Q), fluororubber (FKM, FZ), urethane rubber (U), etc. Thermosetting resins such as polyurethane resins, polyisocyanate resins, polyisocyanurate resins, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, etc. Latexes such as the above thermoplastic resins and rubbers Emulsions such as the above thermoplastic resins and rubbers Cellulose derivatives such as CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), HEC (hydroxyethylcellulose), HPMC (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), etc.
[0036] These organic binders can be used one or more types, and among them, latexes of rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin emulsion, CMC, etc. are preferred in terms of handling and other factors.
[0037] Other components may include dispersants such as water, solvents, colorants, antioxidants, flame retardants, inorganic fillers, and adhesives, which can be appropriately selected depending on the composition of the fire extinguishing agent composition, the type of binder, and the desired form of the molded product.
[0038] ≪Second Embodiment≫ Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of the self-extinguishing molded product of the present invention. In this embodiment, the self-extinguishing molded product 11 is formed into a film by spraying a fire-extinguishing composition, and can be formed and used on objects to be attached, such as automobile panels or building walls, etc.
[0039] This film-like self-extinguishing molded product 11 can be manufactured by mixing a binder and other components (particularly solvents and dispersion media) with the above-mentioned fire extinguishing agent composition, and then molding the resulting liquid mixture (solution or dispersion) into a film using a conventionally known method with a sprayer (Y in Figure 2).
[0040] ≪Third Embodiment≫ Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a third embodiment of the self-extinguishing molded article of the present invention. In this embodiment, the self-extinguishing molded article 21 is formed by mixing the above-mentioned granularly molded fire-extinguishing composition with, for example, wood chips, a binder, and other components, and then molding the resulting mixture into a column shape, which can be used as a column in a building or the like.
[0041] This self-extinguishing molded product 21 can be manufactured by mixing wood chips, a binder, and other components with the above-mentioned granularly molded fire extinguishing agent composition, and then molding the resulting mixture into a columnar shape using a conventionally known method with a molding machine, in which the granular fire extinguishing agent composition 21a is dispersed throughout.
[0042] ≪Fourth Embodiment≫ Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the self-extinguishing molded article of the present invention. In this embodiment, the self-extinguishing molded article 31 is formed by molding a mixture obtained by mixing, for example, wood chips, a binder, and other components into a column shape, and impregnating the area near its surface with a fire extinguishing agent composition, and can be used as a column in a building or the like.
[0043] This self-extinguishing molded article 31 can be manufactured, for example, by mixing wood chips, a binder, and other components, molding the resulting mixture into a columnar shape using a conventionally known method with a molding machine, and then immersing it in a liquid fire extinguishing agent composition (solution or dispersion), with the fire extinguishing agent composition 31a impregnating the area near the surface.
[0044] The above describes a typical self of the present invention. Firefighting As described above, these molded products all contain the aforementioned fire extinguishing agent composition. Therefore, when a fire occurs, they can activate their self-extinguishing function by using the heat energy of the fire to generate chemical species with fire extinguishing properties (part X in Figure 1), enabling fire safety measures without the use of fire extinguishers or other fire extinguishing devices. [Examples]
[0045] ≪Experimental Example 1≫ (Sheet form) <Examples 1-13 and Comparative Examples 1-4> Mix components A, B, and C shown in Table 1 thoroughly in the mixing ratios shown in Table 1 (as dry matter excluding moisture), and add 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of components A, B, and C. An equivalent amount of deionized water was added and mixed further. The resulting wet-water mixture was dried in a constant temperature bath at 110°C for 16 hours to obtain a dry product with a moisture content of 1% by mass or less. Next, the dried product is crushed in an agate mortar and granulated to a particle size of 500 μm or less to obtain a pulverized product. CMC is added to the pulverized product to obtain a clay-like mixture. This mixture is formed into a 5 mm thick sheet and thoroughly dried to obtain the self-forming compound of the present invention. Firefighting Molded products 1-9 and comparative self Firefighting Molded products 1, 3, and 4 were manufactured.
[0046] [Evaluation Test] (1) Apparent density The self obtained as described above Firefighting The apparent density of the molded product was determined by measuring the area and thickness with a digital caliper, and then dividing the weight by the volume obtained from the measured values. The results are listed in Table 1. (2) Fire extinguishing test Fire extinguishing test 1 was conducted using the apparatus shown in Figure 5. An iron wire mesh 52 was placed on a support base 51, and the molded products 56 of the example and comparative example were placed in the center. A transparent heat-resistant glass container (5L) was placed over the wire mesh 52, sealing all but the parts facing the wire mesh 52. A dish 55 containing 100 ml of n-heptane as an ignition agent was placed directly beneath the molded product 6 through the wire mesh 52. In this state, the n-heptane was ignited to generate a flame 57, the molded product 56 was heated to generate an aerosol, and it was observed whether the flame 57 could be extinguished. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0047] ≪Experimental Example 2≫ (Membrane) <Examples 14-26 and Comparative Examples 5-8> In the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, the material was sizing to a particle size of 100 μm or less, and a sufficient amount of CMC was added to the pulverized material to obtain a dispersed liquid mixture with significantly lower viscosity compared to Experimental Example 1. This mixture was poured into a sprayer, sprayed onto a glass substrate, and thoroughly dried to form a 300 μm thick film of the present invention. Firefighting Molded products 14-26 and comparative self Firefighting Molded products 5-8 were produced. When fire extinguishing tests similar to those in Experimental Example 1 were conducted on these items, the same results were obtained.
[0048] ≪Experimental Example 3≫ (Pellet-shaped) <Example 27 and Comparative Example 9> The pulverized material, prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 of Experimental Example 1, was filled into a predetermined mold (mortar) with an inner diameter of 9.6 mm with 2.0 g of the pulverized material. A punch was then inserted, and a surface pressure of 220.5 MPa (2250 kg / cm²) was applied using a hydraulic pump. 2 ) Pressurize both sides for 5 seconds each, forming the pellet-shaped self of the present invention Firefighting A molded product 27 was obtained. In addition, wood pellets of the same size were used as a comparative molded product 9. When we conducted the same fire extinguishing test as in Experimental Example 1 on these, self Firefighting The fire in the molded product 27 was extinguished, but the fire in the comparative molded product 9 was not extinguished. Furthermore, comparative molded product 9 has self Firefighting When a mixture obtained by mixing the molded product 27 was subjected to a similar fire extinguishing test, it showed that self Firefighting The higher the proportion of the self-molded product 27, the more pronounced the fire extinguishing effect. In other words, self Firefighting The lower the proportion of molded product 27, the longer it took to extinguish the fire, and in some cases, it was not possible to extinguish it at all.
[0049] [Table 1]
[0050] Table 1 shows the self-propagation of the embodiment of the present invention. Firefighting In the molded products, the fire was extinguished instantly in all cases. In the comparative example, the flame intensity temporarily decreased, but it could not be extinguished. [Industrial applicability]
[0051] However, the present invention relates to the above-mentioned sheet-like, film-like, columnar self Firefighting It is not limited to molded products, but has a wide range of applications, and can be applied to various adhesive materials other than building walls, as well as molded products other than columns. For example, it can be applied to various resin products and wood products.
[0052] For example, it can also be applied to the following types of automobile parts. • Rearview mirror • Headrest • Wiper arms, wiper blades (front and rear) • Top cowl • Headlights, fog lights, front parking lights, and other lights • Radiator grille Front turn signals Front bumper, rear bumper, skirt • Side molding Step Mud flaps (mudguards) Door armrests, door inner handles, door lock knobs ·handle Horn pad • Meter panel • Handbrake Ventilator • Various control panels • Shift lever
[0053] Furthermore, building materials include, for example, roofing materials, wall materials, flooring materials, and joinery. If the above fire extinguishing agent composition is formed into a sheet, it can be used as a wall material, and if it is formed into a board, it can be used as roofing material, flooring material, joinery, etc.
[0054] The embodiments of the present invention are as follows. (1) A self-extinguishing molded article characterized by containing a fire extinguishing agent composition that generates an aerosol by combustion to extinguish or suppress a fire. (2) The self-extinguishing molded article according to (1), characterized in that the molded article is planar or three-dimensional. (3) The above Firefighting The formulation It contains 20-50% by mass of fuel and 80-50% by mass of chlorate. Furthermore, the total amount of the fuel and the chlorate is 100 parts by mass, and the mixture contains 6 to 1000 parts by mass of potassium salt. The thermal decomposition initiation temperature is in the range of over 90°C to 260°C. A self-extinguishing molded article as described in (1) or (2), characterized by the above. (4) In a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) analysis of the potassium salt with a temperature increase of 10 degrees per minute, the total amount of endothermic peaks observed between 100°C and 440°C is between 100 J / g and 900 J / g. A self-extinguishing molded article as described in any of (1) to (3), characterized by the above. (5) The potassium salt is a compound that generates potassium radicals upon thermal energy. A self-extinguishing molded article as described in any of (1) to (4), characterized by the above. (6) The potassium salt is at least one of potassium acetate, potassium propionate, monopotassium citrate, dipotassium citrate, tripotassium citrate, monopotassium trihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, dipotassium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tripotassium monohydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tetrapotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, dipotassium phthalate, potassium hydrogen oxalate, dipotassium oxalate, and potassium bicarbonate. A self-extinguishing molded article as described in any of (1) to (5), characterized by the above. (7) A self-extinguishing molded article according to any one of (1) to (6), characterized in that the fuel is a compound that burns together with the chlorate to generate thermal energy. (8) The fuel is at least one of the following: dicyandiamide, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, urea, melamine, melamine cyanurate, avicel, guar gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, potassium carboxymethylcellulose, ammonium carboxymethylcellulose, nitrocellulose, aluminum, boron, magnesium, magnalium, zirconium, titanium, titanium hydride, tungsten, and silicon. A self-extinguishing molded article as described in (7), characterized by the above. (9) A self-extinguishing molded article according to any one of (1) to (8), characterized in that the chlorate is an oxidizing agent compound that burns together with the fuel to generate thermal energy. (10) The self-extinguishing molded article according to (9), characterized in that the chlorate is at least one of potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, and magnesium chlorate. [Explanation of Symbols]
[0055] 1, 11, 21, 31...self Firefighting sex molded products, 2, 12... Object to be attached, 21a, 31a... Fire extinguishing agent compositions.
Claims
1. Potassium chlorate and One or more potassium salts selected from the group consisting of potassium acetate, potassium propionate, tripotassium citrate, tripotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, potassium oxalate, and potassium bicarbonate, A component (component A) that burns and decomposes the potassium salt together with the potassium chlorate to generate an aerosol containing potassium radicals. It comprises at least the following: The potassium chlorate and component A are present in proportions of 80-50% by mass and 20-50% by mass, respectively, based on their total amount, and A self-extinguishing molded product comprising 6 to 1,000 parts by mass of the potassium salt in proportion to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of potassium chlorate and component A, which provides a self-extinguishing function to a component that may be susceptible to fire.
2. A self-extinguishing molded article according to claim 1, which is in the form of a sheet.