Crosslinked foamed olefin / silane interpolymer composition

Abstract

A process for forming a crosslinked foam composition, and related processes and compositions, the process comprising heat treating a first composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer comprising at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) at least one blowing agent.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Polymer crosslinked foams are widely used in many consumer applications, such as footwear midsoles. Conventional foams are typically made from compositions containing olefin elastomers, peroxides, and blowing agents. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is commonly used as the crosslinking peroxide. However, the industry is now turning to the more expensive bis(t-butylperoxy isopropy)benzene (BIPB) for peroxide crosslinking. BIPB produces less odor in the foam product compared to DCP. Acetophenone (AP), a decomposition product from DCP, has been identified as the main odor source in "DCP-cured foams" (see Gert Heinrich, Advanced Rubber Composites, Springer, 2011, 227).

[0002] Acetophenone is not produced during the decomposition of BIPB. However, compared to DCP, BIPB has the following drawbacks as a peroxide curing system: a) the main decomposition products of BIPB are crystalline solids with higher polarity, which can cause migration problems in non-polar polymers such as olefin polymers, especially at high filler concentrations of BIPB; and b) BIPB requires a higher curing temperature and / or a longer curing time. Therefore, there is a need for a foam composition that can be effectively cured using peroxides such as DCP without the odor problems associated with such peroxides.

[0003] Furthermore, curing is essential in many elastomer applications, including footwear, rubber, and photovoltaic (PV) applications. Crosslinked structures can significantly reduce polymer chain mobility under force / pressure, which can improve many performance properties, including but not limited to melt strength, compression set, and high-temperature resistance. The amount of crosslinking in a foam can be monitored by its gel content (e.g., gel %). When the gel content reaches a certain level (e.g., 40% to 85%), a homogeneous foam can be obtained. If the gel content is too low, a suitable crosslinked structure for preventing gas leakage cannot be formed, and if the gel content is too high, a rigid polymer backbone may be formed, which can affect the foam's expansion capacity. There is a need for foam compositions that can effectively cure to an appropriate gel level for optimal foam expansion and mechanical properties.

[0004] U.S. Patent No. 6,624,254 discloses the synthesis of silane-functionalized polymers and polymer transformations by coupling, hydrolysis, hydrolysis and neutralization, condensation, oxidation, and hydrosilylation (see abstract). Peroxides may be used for oxidation and condensation reactions (see column 25, lines 41-46, and column 26, lines 27-36). Interpolymers and their derivatives can be usefully used in the manufacture of solids and articles, such as molded articles, films, sheets, and foams, by molding, extrusion, etc. (see column 1, lines 14-18, and column 33, lines 16-19). See also U.S. Patent No. 6,258,902. Silyl-terminated polyolefins and / or silane-functionalized polyolefins are disclosed in the following references: U.S. Patent No. 6,075,103, U.S. Patent No. 5,578,690, H. Makio et al., Silanolytic Chain Transfer in Olefin Polymerization with Supported Single-Site Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Macromolecules, 2001, 34, 4676-4679; SBAmin et al., Alkenylsilane Effects on Organotitanium-Catalyzed Ethylene Polymerization Toward Simultaneous Polyolefin Branch and Functional Group Introduction, J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2006, 128, 4506-4507.

[0005] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 0225786 discloses a composition comprising polyethylene, a polyfunctional additive, and a free radical generator (see abstract). Such a composition may be used to form modified and crosslinked polyethylene. U.S. Patent No. 10,308,829 discloses a polymer composition comprising a polyolefin having hydrolyzable silane groups, an organic peroxide, and optionally a catalyst for catalyzing hydrolysis and condensation (see abstract). Crosslinking in the second step was observed in the presence of a silanol condensation catalyst (e.g., sulfonic acid or blocked sulfonic acid) to further link the hydrolyzable silane groups in the polymer chain and improve crosslinking efficiency. Examples of hydrolyzable silane groups include alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, aliphatic acyloxy groups, amino or substituted amino groups, and lower alkyl groups (see, for example, column 4, lines 30-49).

[0006] U.S. Patent No. 5,741,858 discloses a silane crosslinking blend comprising: a) a polyolefin elastomer having a density of less than 0.885 g / cc; b) a crystalline polyolefin; and c) a silane crosslinking agent (see Claim 1). Suitable silanes contain hydrolyzable groups such as alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, aliphatic acyloxy groups, amino or substituted amino groups, and lower alkyl groups (see, for example, column 1, lines 44-60). Since the silane is typically grafted onto the elastomer backbone, an additional processing step is required before crosslinking. Crosslinking of silane-grafted polymers is facilitated by a catalyst.

[0007] However, as discussed, there is a need for a foam composition that can be effectively cured using peroxides such as DCP without the odor problems associated with such peroxides. Furthermore, there is a need for a foam composition that can be effectively cured to an appropriate gel level for optimal foam expansion and mechanical properties. These needs are met by the following invention. [Overview of the project]

[0008] In a first aspect, a process for forming a crosslinked foamed composition, the process comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer comprising at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) heat treating a first composition comprising at least one blowing agent.

[0009] In a second aspect, a process for reducing the acetophenone residual ratio (APRR) in a crosslinked foamed composition formed from the first composition, the process comprising heat treating the first composition, the first composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer comprising at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) at least one blowing agent.

[0010] In a third aspect, the first composition comprises the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer comprising at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) at least one blowing agent.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] A crosslinked foam composition has been discovered that exhibits reduced odor in foam form and has an appropriate amount of crosslinking for optimal foam expansion (homogeneous foam) and mechanical properties. The composition can effectively reduce odor associated with DCP decomposition. The silane (SiH) group in the composition of the present invention is assumed to react with acetophenone under conditions used to promote peroxide curing. Scheme A below is the proposed mechanism of the reaction of silane and acetophenone under a radical curing process (see also M. Kidonakis, J. Org. Chem. 2018, 83, 15553-15557). In this reaction, the free acetophenone concentration is significantly reduced, and therefore the total VOC content is also reduced.

[0012] [ka]

[0013] As discussed, in the first aspect, a process for forming a crosslinked foam composition, the process comprising heat-treating the first composition described above. In the second aspect, a process for reducing the acetophenone residue rate (APRR) in a crosslinked foam composition formed from the first composition described above. In the third aspect, a first composition comprising the following components a, b, and c described above.

[0014] Each process may include a combination of two or more embodiments as described herein. Each composition may include a combination of two or more embodiments as described herein. Each component a, b, and c may include a combination of two or more embodiments as described herein. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments apply to the first to third aspects of the present invention.

[0015] In each embodiment, or combination of two or more embodiments, described herein, the crosslinked foamed composition (composition, C) has a reduced acetophenone residue rate (APRR) compared to a similar composition (similar composition, SC) containing the same components, except that the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is replaced with a similar olefin polymer containing the same monomer type as the interpolymer of component a, and this olefin polymer does not contain "at least one Si-H group," the similar olefin polymer having a density within ±0.005 g / cc of the density of component a, a melt index (I2) within ±0.5 g / 10 min of the melt index of component a, and the reduction in APRR (%) = {[((SC) APRR) - ((C) APRR)] / ((SC) APRR)} x 100.

[0016] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the crosslinked foam composition has an acetophenone residue rate (APRR) of ≤12%, or ≤11%, or ≤10%, or ≤9.0%, or ≤8.0%, or ≤7.0%, or ≤6.0%.

[0017] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the crosslinked foam composition has a gel content (gel%) of ≥30% by weight, or ≥35% by weight, or ≥40% by weight, or ≥45% by weight, or ≥50% by weight, or ≥55% by weight, or ≥60% by weight, or ≥65% by weight, or ≥70% by weight, or ≥72% by weight, or ≥74% by weight, or ≥76% by weight. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the crosslinked foam composition has a gel content (gel%) of ≤85% by weight, or ≤84% by weight, or ≤83% by weight, or ≤82% by weight, or ≤81% by weight.

[0018] In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, component b is of formula P:

[0019] [ka] (wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R2, R3, R5, and R6 are each independently alkyl or H, or C1-C5 alkyl or H, or methyl or H).

[0020] In each embodiment, or combination of two or more embodiments, described herein, with respect to formula P, R1 is an unsubstituted aryl group and is further phenyl, and R4 is an unsubstituted aryl group and is further phenyl.

[0021] In each embodiment described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, formula P is dicumyl peroxide.

[0022] In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, component c is selected from inorganic blowing agents, organic blowing agents, and combinations thereof, and further selected from organic blowing agents. In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, component c is selected from azodicarbonamide, azodicarbonamide modified with a metal oxide or metal salt, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, water, nitrogen gas, or carbon dioxide gas.

[0023] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is ethylene / silane interpolymer, or ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer, or ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymer. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the alpha-olefin of the ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer or terpolymer is C3-C20 alpha-olefin, or C3-C10 alpha-olefin, or C3-C8 alpha-olefin, or one of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, or one of propylene, 1-butene, or 1-octene, or one of 1-butene or 1-octene, or 1-octene.

[0024] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is ≥0.855 g / cc, or ≥0.856 g / cc, or ≥0.857 g / cc, or ≥0.858 g / cc, or ≥0.859 g / cc, or ≥0.860 g / cc, or ≥0.861 g / cc, or ≥0.862 g / cc, or ≥0.863 g / cc, or ≥0.864 g / cc, or ≥0.865 g / cc, or ≥0.866 g / cc, or ≥0.867 g / cc, or ≥0.868 g / cc, or ≥0.869 g / cc, or ≥0.870 g / cc (1 cc = 1 cm³) 3 ) has a density of ≤0.940 g / cc, or ≤0.930 g / cc, or ≤0.920 g / cc, or ≤0.910 g / cc, or ≤0.900 g / cc, or ≤0.890 g / cc, or ≤0.888 g / cc, or ≤0.886 g / cc, or ≤0.884 g / cc, or ≤0.882 g / cc, or ≤0.881 g / cc, or ≤0.880 g / cc, or ≤0.879 g / cc.

[0025] In each embodiment described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a melt index (I2) of ≥0.2 g / 10 min, ≥0.5 g / 10 min, or ≥0.6 g / 10 min, or ≥0.7 g / 10 min, or ≥0.8 g / 10 min. In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a melt index (I2) of ≤100 g / 10 min, or ≤50 g / 10 min, or ≤20 g / 10 min, or ≤18 g / 10 min, or ≤16 g / 10 min, or ≤14 g / 10 min, or ≤12 g / 10 min, or ≤10 g / 10 min, or ≤8.0 g / 10 min, or ≤6.0 g / 10 min, or ≤4.0 g / 10 min, or ≤2.0 g / 10 min, or ≤1.0 g / 10 min.

[0026] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the weight ratio of component a to component b is ≥150, or ≥170, or ≥200, or ≥210, or ≥220, or ≥230, or ≥235, or ≥240, or ≥245, and / or ≤400, or ≤370, or ≤350, or ≤345, or ≤340, or ≤338, or ≤335.

[0027] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the first composition is heat-treated at a temperature of ≥150°C, or ≥155°C, or ≥160°C, or ≥165°C, or ≥170°C, or ≥175°C. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the first composition is heat-treated at a temperature of ≤200°C, or ≤195°C, or ≤190°C, or ≤185°C, or ≤180°C.

[0028] Furthermore, crosslinked foam compositions are also provided, each formed by a process of one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments as described herein.

[0029] Furthermore, crosslinked foam compositions are also provided, each formed from a first composition, one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein. The crosslinked foam compositions are further formed by heat-treating a first composition, one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein.

[0030] Also provided are articles comprising at least one component formed from a first composition, each of which is any one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments described herein.

[0031] Also provided are articles comprising at least one component formed from a crosslinked foam composition, each of which is any one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments described herein.

[0032] foaming agent A blowing agent (or foaming agent) is a material (e.g., a compound or mixture of compounds) that facilitates the formation of a foam, for example, by trapping air or gas within a solid-forming polymer composition, by generating gas after thermal decomposition, or by diffusing it into the polymer under high pressure. Suitable blowing agents for the production of foams disclosed herein may include, but are not limited to, inorganic blowing agents, organic blowing agents, and combinations thereof. Some blowing agents are described in Sendijarevic et al., "Polymeric Foams and Foam Technology. Hanser Gardner Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio, 2nd edition, Chapter 18, pages..." Disclosed in 505-547 (2004) (incorporated herein by reference). Non-limiting examples of suitable inorganic blowing agents include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, water, air, and helium. Non-limiting examples of suitable organic blowing agents include, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and, for example, fully and partially halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of suitable aliphatic hydrocarbons include methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, etc. Non-limiting examples of suitable aliphatic alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol. Non-limiting examples of suitable fully and partially halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons include fluorocarbons, chlorocarbons, and chlorofluorocarbons.

[0033] Non-limiting examples of suitable fluorocarbons include fluorinated methyl, perfluoromethane, fluorinated ethyl, 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, perfluoroethane, 2,2-difluoropropane, 1,1,1-trifluoropropane, perfluoropropane, dichloropropane, difluoropropane, perfluorobutane, and perfluorocyclobutane. Non-limiting examples of suitable partially halogenated chlorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons include methyl chloride, methylene chloride, ethyl chloride, 1,1,1-triclyloroleethane, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), and 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124). Non-limiting examples of suitable fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons include trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114), chloroheptafluoropropane, and dichlorohexafluoropropane.

[0034] Non-limiting examples of suitable organic blowing agents include azodicarbonamide, azodiisobutyronitrile, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 4,4-oxybenzenesulfonyl semicarbazide, p-toluenesulfonyl semicarbazide, barium azodicarboxylate, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dinitrosoterephthalamide, and trihydrazinotriadin. As an example, the blowing agent can be selected from azodicarbonamide, modified azodicarbonamide, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, nitrogen gas, and carbon dioxide gas.

[0035] peroxide As used herein, a peroxide contains at least one oxygen-oxygen bond (OO). Examples of peroxides include, but are not limited to, dialkyl, diaryl, dialkalil, and dialkyl peroxides having the same or different alkyl, aryl, alkalil, or aralkyl moieties, and further, each dialkyl, diaryl, dialkalil, or dialkyl peroxide having the same or different alkyl, aryl, alkalil, or aralkyl moieties.

[0036] Examples of organic peroxides include dicumyl peroxide ("DCP"); tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, di-tert-amyl peroxide ("di-tert-amyl peroxide, DTAP"); bis(t-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)benzene (BIPB); isopropylcumyl t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide; 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane-3, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, isopropylcumyl peroxide, butyl 4,4-di(tert-butylperoxy)valerate, di(isopropylcumyl)peroxide, 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane ("LUPEROX"). Examples include "331"); 1,1-di-(tert-amylperoxy)cyclohexane ("LUPEROX 531"); tert-butylperoxyacetate ("TBPA"); tert-amylperoxyacetate ("TAPA"); 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane ("LUPEROX 101"); tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate ("TBEC"); and mixtures of two or more of these.

[0037] The peroxide may be a cyclic peroxide. Examples of cyclic peroxides include, in particular, those derived from acetone, methyl amyl ketone, methyl heptyl ketone, methyl hexyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl octyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl decyl ketone, methyl undecyl ketone, and combinations thereof. Cyclic peroxides can be used alone or in combination with each other. Several cyclic peroxides, such as 3,6,9-triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-tripeloxonane, are commercially available, for example, under the trade name TRIGONOX.

[0038] definition Unless otherwise stated, implied by context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are based on weight, and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure.

[0039] As used herein, the term “composition” includes a composition, as well as mixtures of materials including reaction products and decomposition products formed from the materials of the composition. Any reaction products or decomposition products are typically present in trace or residual amounts.

[0040] As used herein, the term “polymer” refers to a polymer compound prepared by polymerizing the same or different types of monomers. Thus, the general term polymer includes the term homopolymer (used to refer to a polymer prepared from only one type of monomer, with the understanding that trace amounts of impurities may be incorporated into the polymer structure) and the term interpolymer, as defined herein below. Trace amounts of impurities, such as catalyst residues, may be incorporated into and / or within the polymer. Typically, polymers are stabilized with one or more stabilizers in very small amounts ("ppm") of them.

[0041] As used herein, the term “interpolymer” refers to a polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least two different types of monomers. Thus, the term interpolymer includes the term copolymer (used to refer to a polymer prepared from two different types of monomers) and polymers prepared from two or more different types of monomers.

[0042] As used herein, the term “olefinic polymer” means a polymer in which, in its polymerized form, comprises at least 50% by weight or more than half by weight percent of an olefin such as ethylene or propylene (based on the weight of the polymer), and may optionally contain one or more comonomers.

[0043] As used herein, the term “propylene polymer” means a polymer that contains a majority by weight percent of propylene (based on the weight of the polymer) in its polymerized form and may optionally contain one or more comonomers.

[0044] As used herein, the term “ethylene-based polymer” means a polymer in its polymerized form that contains at least 50% by weight or more than half by weight of ethylene (based on the weight of the polymer) and may optionally contain one or more comonomers.

[0045] As used herein, the term "ethylene / alpha-olefin interpolymer" refers to a random interpolymer in which, in its polymerized form, comprises at least 50% by weight or more than half by weight of ethylene and an alpha-olefin (based on the weight of the interpolymer).

[0046] As used herein, the term "ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer" refers to a random copolymer in which, in its polymerized form, contains at least 50% by weight or a majority by weight of ethylene and alpha-olefin as only two monomer types (based on the weight of the copolymer).

[0047] As used herein, the term "olefin multiblock interpolymer" refers to an interpolymer characterized by multiple blocks or segments of two or more polymerized monomer units that have different chemical or physical properties. In some embodiments, the multiblock interpolymer is of the following formula: (AB) n It can be expressed as follows, where n is at least 1, preferably an integer greater than 1, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or more. "A" represents a hard block or segment, and "B" represents a soft block or segment. Preferably, the A segments and B segments are linked in a substantially linear manner, as opposed to a substantially branched or substantially star-shaped manner. Preferably, the A segments and B segments are randomly distributed along the polymer chain. Multiblock interpolymers are generally produced by a chain shuttle process, for example, as described in U.S. Patent No. 7,858,706 (incorporated herein by reference). See also U.S. Patent No. 9,243,173, U.S. Patent No. 7,608,668, U.S. Patent No. 7,893,166, U.S. Patent No. 7,947,793, and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010 / 0197880, each patent reference incorporated herein by reference. The interolimer, in its polymerized form, comprises at least 50% by weight or more than half by weight of an olefin such as ethylene or propylene (based on the weight of the multiblock interpolymer) and one or more comonomers.

[0048] As used herein, the term “ethylene / alpha-olefin multiblock interpolymer” refers to an interpolymer characterized by multiple blocks or segments of two or more polymerized monomer units having different chemical or physical properties, as described above for olefin multiblock interpolymers. An ethylene / alpha-olefin multiblock interpolymer, in its polymerized form, comprises at least 50% by weight or a majority by weight of ethylene (based on the weight of the multiblock interpolymer) and an alpha-olefin.

[0049] As used herein, the term “ethylene / alpha-olefin multiblock copolymer” refers to a copolymer characterized by multiple blocks or segments of two polymerized monomer units having different chemical or physical properties, as described above for olefin multiblock interpolymers. In its polymerized form, an ethylene / alpha-olefin multiblock copolymer contains at least 50% by weight or a majority by weight of ethylene and alpha-olefin as only two monomer types (based on the weight of the multiblock copolymer).

[0050] As used herein, the term “olefin / silane interpolymer” refers to a random interpolymer in polymerization form comprising at least 50% by weight or more than half by weight of an olefin and a silane monomer (based on the weight of the interpolymer). As used herein, an interpolymer comprises at least one Si-H group, and the phrase “at least one Si-H group” refers to the type of “Si-H” group. In the art, it is understood that an interpolymer may contain a number of these groups. Olefin / silane interpolymers are formed by copolymerization of at least an olefin and a silane monomer (for example, using a bis-biphenyloxy metal complex (or bis-biphenyl-phenoxy metal complex)). An example of a silane monomer is shown in Formula 1 above.

[0051] As used herein, the term “ethylene / silane interpolymer” refers to a random interpolymer in polymerization form comprising at least 50% by weight or more than half by weight of ethylene and a silane monomer (based on the weight of the interpolymer). As used herein, the interpolymer contains at least one -Si-H group, as described above. Ethylene / silane interpolymers are formed by copolymerization of at least ethylene and a silane monomer.

[0052] As used herein, the term “ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer” refers to a random interpolymer in polymerization form comprising at least 50% by weight or more than half by weight of ethylene, an alpha-olefin, and a silane monomer (based on the weight of the interpolymer). As used herein, these interpolymers contain at least one Si-H group, as described above. Ethylene / α-olefin / silane interpolymers are formed by copolymerization of at least ethylene, an α-olefin, and a silane monomer.

[0053] As used herein, the term “ethylene / alpha-olefin / silant polymer” refers to a random terpolymer in polymerization form that contains at least 50% by weight or more than half by weight of ethylene, alpha-olefin, and silane monomer as only three monomer types (based on the weight of the terpolymer). As used herein, the terpolymer contains at least one Si-H group, as described above. Ethylene / alpha-olefin / silant polymers are formed by copolymerization of ethylene, alpha-olefin, and silane monomer as only three monomer types.

[0054] As used herein, the term “majority by weight percent” in relation to polymers (or interpolymers, or terpolymers or copolymers) refers to the amount of the monomer present in the polymer in the greatest quantity.

[0055] The term "heteroatom" refers to an atom other than hydrogen or carbon (e.g., O, S, N, or P). The term "heteroatomic group" refers to a heteroatom or a chemical group containing one or more heteroatoms.

[0056] As used herein, the terms “hydrocarbon,” “hydrocarbyl,” and similar terms refer to the respective compounds or chemical groups containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The divalent “hydrocarbylene group” is defined similarly.

[0057] As used herein, the terms “heterohydrocarbon,” “heterohydrocarbyl,” and similar terms refer to the respective hydrocarbon or hydrocarbyl group, etc., in which at least one carbon atom is substituted with a heteroatomic group (e.g., O, S, N, or P). A monovalent heterohydrocarbyl group may bond to the rest of the compound in question via a carbon atom or via a heteroatom. A divalent “heterohydrocarbylene group” is similarly defined, and a divalent heterohydrocarbylene group may bond to the rest of the compound in question via two carbon atoms, or two heteroatoms, or a carbon atom and a heteroatom.

[0058] As used herein, the terms “substituted hydrocarbon,” “substituted hydrocarbyl group,” and similar terms refer to each hydrocarbon group or hydrocarbyl group, etc., in which one or more hydrogen atoms are independently substituted by a heteroatomic group. The terms “substituted heterohydrocarbon,” “substituted heterohydrocarbyl group,” etc., are similarly defined.

[0059] As used herein, the terms "substituted aryl," "substituted aryl group," and similar terms refer to aryl groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms are independently substituted by heteroatomic groups.

[0060] Where used herein in reference to compositions comprising olefin / silane interpolymers, the terms “heat treatment,” “heat treatment,” and similar terms refer to the application of heat to the composition. For example, heat may be applied by electrical means (e.g., a heating coil), and / or by radiation, and / or by hot oil, and / or by mechanical shear. Note that the temperature at which the heat treatment is performed refers to the temperature of the composition (e.g., the melting point of the composition).

[0061] As used herein, the term "alkenyl group" refers to an organic chemical group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). In preferred embodiments, the alkenyl group is a hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and further containing only one carbon-carbon double bond.

[0062] The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having,” and their derivatives, are not intended to exclude the existence of any additional components, processes, or procedures, whether or not they are specifically disclosed. To avoid any doubt, all compositions claimed through the use of the term “comprising” may, unless otherwise stated, include any additional additives, adjuvants, or compounds, whether or not they are polymers. In contrast, the term “essentially consisting of” excludes any other components, processes, or procedures from the scope of any subsequent description, except those not essential to the operability. The term “consisting of” excludes any components, processes, or procedures not specifically specified or enumerated.

[0063] With respect to formula P, when used herein, R1 = R 1 , R 2 =R², etc.

[0064] List of several processes and compositions A] A process for forming a crosslinked foam composition, comprising the following components: a) At least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) A process comprising heat-treating a first composition comprising at least one blowing agent. Furthermore, component a comprises one olefin / silane interpolymer comprising at least one Si-H group. B] A process for reducing the acetophenone residue rate (APRR) in a crosslinked foamed composition formed from a first composition, comprising heat-treating the first composition, wherein the first composition comprises the following components: a) At least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) A process comprising at least one blowing agent. Furthermore, component a comprises one olefin / silane interpolymer comprising at least one Si-H group. The process according to A] or B] above, wherein the crosslinked foamed composition (C) has a reduced acetophenone residue rate (APRR) compared to a similar composition (SC) containing the same components, except that the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is replaced with a similar olefin polymer containing the same monomer type as the interpolymer of component a, and this olefin polymer does not contain "at least one Si-H group", the similar olefin polymer has a density within ±0.005 g / cc of the density of component a, and a melt index (I2) within ±0.5 g / 10 min of the melt index of component a, and the reduction in APRR (%) = {[((SC) APRR) - ((C) APRR)] / ((SC) APRR)} x 100. D) The process according to any one of A] to C] (A] to C) above, wherein the crosslinked foamed composition has an acetophenone residue rate (APRR) of ≤12%, ≤11%, ≤10%, ≤9.0%, ≤8.0%, ≤7.0%, or ≤6.0%. The APRR value is based in part on the amount of DCP filling in the first composition. E) The process according to any one of A] to D] above, wherein the crosslinked foam composition has a gel content (gel%) of ≥30% by weight, or ≥35% by weight, or ≥40% by weight, or ≥45% by weight, or ≥50% by weight, or ≥55% by weight, or ≥60% by weight, or ≥65% by weight, or ≥70% by weight, or ≥72% by weight, or ≥74% by weight, or ≥76% by weight. F) The process according to any one of A) to E) above, wherein the crosslinked foam composition has a gel content (gel%) of ≤85% by weight, or ≤84% by weight, or ≤83% by weight, or ≤82% by weight, or ≤81% by weight. G] Component b is given by formula P:

[0065] [ka] The process described in any one of A] to F] above, selected from (wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R2, R3, R5, and R6 are each independently alkyl or H, or C1-C5 alkyl or H, or methyl or H). The process described in [G] above, wherein, in formula P, R1 is an unsubstituted aryl group and is further phenyl, and R4 is an unsubstituted aryl group and is further phenyl. I] Formula P is dicumyl peroxide:

[0066] [ka] The process described in [G] or [H] above. The process according to any one of A) to I) above, wherein component c is further selected from inorganic blowing agents, organic blowing agents, and combinations thereof, from organic blowing agents. The process according to any one of A] to J] above, wherein component c is selected from azodicarbonamide, azodicarbonamide modified with a metal oxide or metal salt, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, water, nitrogen gas, or carbon dioxide gas. The process according to any one of A] to K] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component L]a is ethylene / silane interpolymer, or ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer, or ethylene / alpha-olefin / silanter polymer. The process according to L) above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer or terpolymer is C3-C20 alpha-olefin, or C3-C10 alpha-olefin, or C3-C8 alpha-olefin, or one of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, or one of propylene, 1-butene, or 1-octene, or one of 1-butene or 1-octene, or 1-octene. The process according to any one of A] to M] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a of N] contains, in its polymerized form, ≥0.10% by weight, or ≥0.20% by weight, or ≥0.40% by weight, or ≥0.60% by weight, or ≥0.80% by weight, or ≥1.0% by weight, or ≥1.2% by weight, or ≥1.3% by weight, or ≥1.4% by weight, or ≥1.5% by weight of silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. The process according to any one of A] to N] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a contains, in its polymerized form, ≤40% by weight, or ≤30% by weight, or ≤20% by weight, or ≤10% by weight, or ≤8.0% by weight, or ≤6.0% by weight, or ≤5.0% by weight, or ≤4.5% by weight, or ≤4.0% by weight, of silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. P] The olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is ≥0.855 g / cc, or ≥0.856 g / cc, or ≥0.857 g / cc, or ≥0.858 g / cc, or ≥0.859 g / cc, or ≥0.860 g / cc, or ≥0.861 g / cc, or ≥0.862 g / cc, or ≥0.863 g / cc, or ≥0.864 g / cc, or ≥0.865 g / cc, or ≥0.866 g / cc, or ≥0.867 g / cc, or ≥0.868 g / cc, or ≥0.869 g / cc, or ≥0.870 g / cc (1 cc = 1 cm³) 3 The process described in any one of A] to O] above, having a density of ). Q] The process according to any one of A] to P] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a density of ≤0.940 g / cc, or ≤0.930 g / cc, or ≤0.920 g / cc, or ≤0.910 g / cc, or ≤0.900 g / cc, or ≤0.890 g / cc, or ≤0.888 g / cc, or ≤0.886 g / cc, or ≤0.884 g / cc, or ≤0.882 g / cc, or ≤0.881 g / cc, or ≤0.880 g / cc, or ≤0.879 g / cc. One of the above processes A] to Q], wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component R]a has a melt index (I2) of ≥0.2 g / 10 min, or ≥0.5 g / 10 min, or ≥0.6 g / 10 min, or ≥0.7 g / 10 min, or ≥0.8 g / 10 min. The process according to any one of A] to R] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a melt index (I2) of ≤100 g / 10 min, or ≤50 g / 10 min, or ≤20 g / 10 min, or ≤18 g / 10 min, or ≤16 g / 10 min, or ≤14 g / 10 min, or ≤12 g / 10 min, or ≤10 g / 10 min, or ≤8.0 g / 10 min, or ≤6.0 g / 10 min, or ≤4.0 g / 10 min, or ≤2.0 g / 10 min, or ≤1.0 g / 10 min. T] A cross-linked foamed composition formed by any one of the above A] to S]. U] A first composition comprising the following components: a) At least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) A first composition comprising at least one blowing agent. Furthermore, component a comprises one olefin / silane interpolymer comprising at least one Si-H group. V] A crosslinked foamed composition formed from the first composition of U) above, and further formed by heat-treating the first composition of U) above. W] The crosslinked foamed composition (C) has a reduced acetophenone residue rate (APRR) compared to a similar composition (SC) containing the same components, except that the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is replaced with a similar olefin polymer containing the same monomer type as the interpolymer of component a, and this olefin polymer does not contain "at least one Si-H group", the similar olefin polymer has a density within ±0.005 g / cc of the density of component a, a melt index (I2) within ±0.5 g / 10 min of the melt index of component a, and the reduction in APRR (%) = {[((SC) APRR) - ((C) APRR)] / ((SC) APRR)} x 100, as described in V] above. X] The crosslinked foamed composition according to V] or W] above, wherein the crosslinked foamed composition has an acetophenone residue rate (APRR) of ≤12%, ≤11%, ≤10%, ≤9.0%, ≤8.0%, ≤7.0%, or ≤6.0%. Y) A cross-linked foamed composition according to any one of V] to X] above, wherein the cross-linked foamed composition has a gel content (gel%) of ≥30% by weight, or ≥35% by weight, or ≥40% by weight, or ≥45% by weight, or ≥50% by weight, or ≥55% by weight, or ≥60% by weight, or ≥65% by weight, or ≥70% by weight, or ≥72% by weight, or ≥74% by weight, or ≥76% by weight. Z) A cross-linked foamed composition according to any one of V] to Y] above, wherein the cross-linked foamed composition has a gel content (gel%) of ≤85% by weight, or ≤84% by weight, or ≤83% by weight, or ≤82% by weight, or ≤81% by weight. A2] Component b is given by formula P:

[0067] [ka] A first composition according to U] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to Z] above, selected from (wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R2, R3, R5, and R6 are each independently alkyl or H, or C1-C5 alkyl or H, or methyl or H). B2] The first composition according to U] or A2] above, wherein, with respect to formula 1, R1 is an unsubstituted aryl group and is further phenyl, and R4 is an unsubstituted aryl group and is further phenyl, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to A2] above. A first composition according to U], A2], or B2] above, wherein formula P is dicumyl peroxide, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to B2] above. The first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to C2] above, wherein component c is selected from inorganic blowing agents, organic blowing agents, and combinations thereof, and further selected from organic blowing agents, or the crosslinked foaming composition according to any one of V] to C2] above. E2] The first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to D2] above, wherein component c is selected from azodicarbonamide, azodicarbonamide modified with a metal oxide or metal salt, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, water, nitrogen gas, or carbon dioxide gas, or the crosslinked foam composition according to any one of V] to D2] above. The first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to E2] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component F2] a is ethylene / silane interpolymer, or ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer, or ethylene / alpha-olefin / silanter polymer, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to E2] above. G2] The first composition according to F2] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to F2] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer or terpolymer is C3-C20 alpha-olefin, or C3-C10 alpha-olefin, or C3-C8 alpha-olefin, or one of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, or one of propylene, 1-butene, or 1-octene, or one of 1-butene or 1-octene, or 1-octene. The first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to G2] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component H2] contains, in its polymerized form, ≥0.10% by weight, or ≥0.20% by weight, or ≥0.40% by weight, or ≥0.60% by weight, or ≥0.80% by weight, or ≥1.0% by weight, or ≥1.2% by weight, or ≥1.3% by weight, or ≥1.4% by weight, or ≥1.5% by weight, based on the weight of the interpolymer, the first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to G2] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to G2] above. I2] The first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to H2] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a contains, in its polymerized form, ≤40% by weight, or ≤30% by weight, or ≤20% by weight, or ≤10% by weight, or ≤8.0% by weight, or ≤6.0% by weight, or ≤5.0% by weight, or ≤4.5% by weight, or ≤4.0% by weight of silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to H2] above. The first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to I2] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to I2] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a density of ≥0.855 g / cc, or ≥0.856 g / cc, or ≥0.857 g / cc, or ≥0.858 g / cc, or ≥0.859 g / cc, or ≥0.860 g / cc, or ≥0.861 g / cc, or ≥0.862 g / cc, or ≥0.863 g / cc, or ≥0.864 g / cc, or ≥0.865 g / cc, or ≥0.866 g / cc, or ≥0.867 g / cc, or ≥0.868 g / cc, or ≥0.869 g / cc, or ≥0.870 g / cc. The first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to J2] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to J2] above, wherein the interpolymer of component K2] has a density of ≤0.940 g / cc, or ≤0.930 g / cc, or ≤0.920 g / cc, or ≤0.910 g / cc, or ≤0.900 g / cc, or ≤0.890 g / cc, or ≤0.888 g / cc, or ≤0.886 g / cc, or ≤0.884 g / cc, or ≤0.882 g / cc, or ≤0.881 g / cc, or ≤0.880 g / cc, or ≤0.879 g / cc. The first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to K2] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component L2] has a melt index (I2) of ≥0.2 g / 10 min, or ≥0.5 g / 10 min, or ≥0.6 g / 10 min, or ≥0.7 g / 10 min, or ≥0.8 g / 10 min, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to K2] above. The first composition according to any one of U] or A2] to L2] above, wherein the interpolymer of component M2] has a melt index (I2) of ≤100 g / 10 min, or ≤50 g / 10 min, or ≤20 g / 10 min, or ≤18 g / 10 min, or ≤16 g / 10 min, or ≤14 g / 10 min, or ≤12 g / 10 min, or ≤10 g / 10 min, or ≤8.0 g / 10 min, or ≤6.0 g / 10 min, or ≤4.0 g / 10 min, or ≤2.0 g / 10 min, or ≤1.0 g / 10 min, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of V] to L2] above. A3] The silane is of Formula 1: A-(SiBC-O) x -Si-EFH (Formula 1), (where A is an alkenyl group, B is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, C is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, B and C may be the same or different, H is hydrogen, x≥0, E is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, F is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, E and F may be the same or different) derived from a silane monomer selected from any one of the above A] to S], or the first composition described in any one of the above U] or A2] to M2], or the crosslinked foam composition described in any one of the above T] or V] to M2]. B3] For Formula 1, the process described in the above A3], or the first composition described in the above A3], or the crosslinked foam composition described in the above A3], where x is 0 to 10, or 0 to 8, or 0 to 6, or 0 to 4, or 0 to 2, or 0 or 1, or 0. C3] For Formula 1, the process described in the above A3] or B3], or the first composition described in the above A3] or B3], or the crosslinked foam composition described in the above A3] or B3], where A is a C2-C50 alkenyl group, or a C2-C40 alkenyl group, or a C2-C30 alkenyl group, or a C2-C20 alkenyl group. D3] For Formula 1, A has the following structures i) to iv): i) R 1 R 2 C=CR 3 -(where R 1 , R 2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different), ii) R 1 R 2 C=CR 3 -(CR 4 R 5 ) n -(where R1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 Each is independently either hydrogen or an alkyl group, and R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 Two or more of these may be the same or different, and n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1). iii)

[0068] [ka] (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 Each is independently either hydrogen or an alkyl group, and R 1 and R 2 (These may be the same or different, and n is 1-10, or 1-8, or 1-6, or 1-4, or 1-2, or 1), or iv)

[0069] [ka] (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 Each is independently either hydrogen or an alkyl group, and R 1 and R 2 (The values ​​may be the same or different, and n is 1-10, or 1-8, or 1-6, or 1-4, or 1-2, or 1.) A process according to any one of A3] to C3] above, selected from the above, or a first composition according to any one of A3] to C3] above, or a crosslinked foam composition according to any one of A3] to C3] above. Regarding E3]Equation 1, A has the following structure i)~iv): i) H2C=CH-, ii) H2C=CH-(CH2) n-(In the formula, n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1), iii)

[0070] [ka] (wherein n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1), or iv)

[0071] [ka] A process according to any one of A3] to D3] above, selected from (wherein n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1), or a first composition according to any one of A3] to D3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of A3] to D3] above. F3] A process according to any one of A3] to E3] above, wherein B is alkyl, or C1-C5 alkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C2 alkyl, or methyl, or a first composition according to any one of A3] to E3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of A3] to E3] above. A process according to any one of A3] to F3] above, wherein C in formula 1 is alkyl, or C1-C5 alkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C2 alkyl, or methyl, or a first composition according to any one of A3] to F3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of A3] to F3] above. A process according to any one of A3] to G3] above, wherein E is alkyl, or C1-C5 alkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C2 alkyl, or methyl, or a first composition according to any one of A3] to G3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of A3] to G3] above. I3] A process according to any one of A3] to H3] above, wherein F is alkyl, or C1-C5 alkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C2 alkyl, or methyl, or a first composition according to any one of A3] to H3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of A3] to H3] above. J3] Equation 1, Compounds s1)~s16):

[0072] [ka] A process according to any one of A3] to I3] above, selected from the above, or a first composition according to any one of A3] to I3] above, or a crosslinked foam composition according to any one of A3] to I3] above. A process according to any one of A3) to J3) above, wherein formula K3) Formula 1 is selected from the above-described structures s1) to s8), or a first composition according to any one of A3) to J3) above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of A3) to J3) above. A process according to any one of A3) to J3) above, wherein formula L3)1 is selected from the structures s9) to s16) described above, or a first composition according to any one of A3) to J3) above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of A3) to J3) above. M3]silane is one of the following compounds: allyldimethylsilane, 3-butenyldimethylsilane, 1-(buta-3-en-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (BuMMH), 1-(hexa-5-en-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (HexMMH), (2-bicyclo-[2.2.1]hepta-5-en-2-yl)ethyl)dimethylsilane (NorDMS), or 1-(2-bicyclo[2.2.1]he A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~L3] above, derived from a silane monomer selected from buta-5-en-2-yl)ethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (NorMMH) or any combination thereof, or a first composition according to any one of U], A2]~M2] or A3]~L3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~L3] above. The olefin / silane interpolymer of component N3] has a melting temperature (T) of ≥56°C, ≥58°C, ≥60°C, ≥61°C, ≥62°C, and / or ≤85°C, or ≤80°C, or ≤78°C, or ≤76°C, or ≤74°C, or ≤72°C, or ≤70°C, or ≤68°C. m A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~M3] above, having ), or a first composition according to any one of U], A2]~M2] or A3]~M3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~M3] above. A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~N3] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component O3] has a molecular weight distribution (MWD (molecular weight distribution) = Mw / Mn) of ≥1.5, or ≥1.6, or ≥1.7, or ≥1.8, or ≥1.9, or ≥2.0 and / or ≤5.0, or ≤4.5, or ≤4.0, or ≤3.5, or ≤3.0, or ≤2.8, or ≤2.7, or ≤2.6, or ≤2.5, or ≤2.4, or ≤2.3, or a first composition according to any one of U], A2]~M2], or A3]~N3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2], or A3]~N3] above. P3] The olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is ≥10,000 g / mol, or ≥15,000 g / mol, or ≥20,000 g / mol, or ≥25,000 g / mol, or ≥30,000 g / mol, or ≥32,000 g / mol, or ≥35,000 g / mol, or ≥38,000 g / mol, or ≥40,000 g / mol, and / or ≤100,000 g / mol, or ≤90,000 g / mol, or ≤ A process according to any one of the above A]~S] or A3]~O3], having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 80,000 g / mol, or ≤75,000 g / mol, or ≤70,000 g / mol, or ≤65,000 g / mol, or ≤60,000 g / mol, or a first composition according to any one of the above U], A2]~M2], or A3]~O3], or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of the above T], V]~M2], or A3]~O3]. Q3] The olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is ≥20,000 g / mol, or ≥30,000 g / mol, or ≥40,000 g / mol, or ≥50,000 g / mol, or ≥60,000 g / mol, or ≥70,000 g / mol, or ≥80,000 g / mol, and / or ≤300,000 g / mol, or ≤250,000 g / mol, or ≤200,000 g / mol A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~P3] above, having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of l, or ≤150,000 g / mol, or ≤120,000 g / mol, or ≤110,000 g / mol, or a first composition according to any one of U], A2]~M2], or A3]~P3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2], or A3]~P3] above. A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~Q3] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has an I10 / I2 ratio of ≥6.0, or ≥6.5, or ≥7.0, or ≥7.5, or ≥8.0 and / or ≤30, or ≤25, or ≤20, or ≤15, or a first composition according to any one of U], A2]~M2], or A3]~Q3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2], or A3]~Q3] above. S3) A first composition comprising at least one filler (component d) in a process according to any one of A] to S] or A3] to R3] above, or a first composition according to any one of U], A2] to M2] or A3] to R3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V] to M2] or A3] to R3] above. The process described in S3] above, or the first composition described in S3] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition described in S3] above, wherein component d is further selected from inorganic fillers and / or organic fillers, from talc, glass fiber, carbon black, carbon fiber, wood fiber, clay, calcium carbonate, TiO2, or any combination thereof, or further selected from talc, glass fiber, carbon black, calcium carbonate, TiO2, or any combination thereof. U3] The process described in S3] or T3] above, or the first composition described in S3] or T3] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition described in any one of S3] or T3] above, wherein the weight ratio of component d to component a is ≥0.010, or ≥0.020, or ≥0.030, or ≥0.040, or ≥0.045, or ≥0.050, and / or ≤1.00, or ≤0.500, or ≤0.400, or ≤0.300, or ≤0.250, or ≤0.200, or ≤0.150, or ≤0.100, or ≤0.080. V3] Component a is in an amount of ≥25.0% by weight, or ≥30.0% by weight, or ≥35.0% by weight, or ≥40.0% by weight, or ≥45.0% by weight, or ≥50.0% by weight, or ≥55.0% by weight, or ≥60.0% by weight, or ≥65.0% by weight, or ≥70.0% by weight, or ≥75.0% by weight, or ≥80.0% by weight, or ≥85.0% by weight, or ≥86.0% by weight, or ≥87.0% by weight, or ≥88.0% by weight, based on the weight of the first composition. The process described in any one of A]~S] or A3]~U3] above, or the first composition described in any one of U], A2]~M2] or A3]~U3] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition described in any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~U3] above. A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~V3] above, wherein component b is present in an amount of ≥0.10% by weight, or ≥0.15% by weight, or ≥0.17% by weight, or ≥0.20% by weight, or ≥0.22% by weight, or ≥0.24% by weight, or ≥0.26% by weight, and / or ≤0.50% by weight, or ≤0.45% by weight, or ≤0.42% by weight, or ≤0.38% by weight, or ≤0.37% by weight, based on the weight of the first composition, or a first composition according to any one of U], A2]~M2] or A3]~V3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~V3] above. X3] A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~W3] above, wherein the weight ratio of component a to component b is ≥150, or ≥170, or ≥200, or ≥210, or ≥220, or ≥230, or ≥235, or ≥240, or ≥245, and / or ≤400, or ≤370, or ≤350, or ≤345, or ≤340, or ≤338, or ≤335; or a first composition according to any one of U], A2]~M2], or A3]~W3] above; or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2], or A3]~W3] above. A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~X3] above, wherein component Y3] c is present in an amount of ≥0.50% by weight, or ≥1.0% by weight, or ≥1.2% by weight, or ≥1.4% by weight, or ≥1.6% by weight, or ≥1.8% by weight, or ≥2.0% by weight, or ≥2.2% by weight, and / or ≤5.0% by weight, or ≤4.5% by weight, or ≤4.0% by weight, or ≤3.8% by weight, or ≤3.6% by weight, or ≤3.4% by weight, or ≤3.2% by weight, or ≤3.0% by weight, or ≤2.8% by weight, according to the process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~X3] above, or a first composition according to any one of U], A2]~M2] or A3]~X3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~X3] above. Z3] The sum of component a and component b is ≥25.0% by weight, or ≥30.0% by weight, or ≥35.0% by weight, or ≥40.0% by weight, or ≥45.0% by weight, or ≥50.0% by weight, or ≥55.0% by weight, or ≥60.0% by weight, or ≥65.0% by weight, or ≥70.0% by weight, or ≥75.0% by weight, or ≥80.0% by weight, or ≥85.0% by weight, or ≥86.0% by weight, or ≥88.0% by weight, or ≥89.0% by weight, based on the weight of the first composition. A process described in any one of A]~S] or A3]~Y3] above, or a first composition described in any one of U], A2]~M2] or A3]~Y3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition described in any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~Y3] above. A4] The sum of components a, b, and c is, based on the weight of the first composition, ≥25.0% by weight, or ≥30.0% by weight, or ≥35.0% by weight, or ≥40.0% by weight, or ≥45.0% by weight, or ≥50.0% by weight, or ≥55.0% by weight, or ≥60.0% by weight, or ≥65.0% by weight, or ≥70.0% by weight, or ≥75.0% by weight, or ≥80.0% by weight, or ≥85.0% by weight, ≥86.0% by weight, or ≥88.0% by weight, or ≥90.0% by weight, or ≥91.0% by weight, or ≥ A process described in any one of A]~S] or A3]~Z3] above, or a first composition described in any one of U], A2]~M2] or A3]~Z3] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition described in any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~Z3] above. B4] A first composition comprising component e (at least one "Zn-containing" compound), wherein component e is further selected from ZnO and / or Zn stearate, and further selected from ZnO and Zn stearate, according to the process described in any one of A] to S] or A3] to A4] above, or a first composition described in any one of U], A2] to M2] or A3] to A4] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition described in any one of T], V] to M2] or A3] to A4] above. C4) A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~B4] above, wherein the first composition further comprises a thermoplastic polymer different from the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a in one or more characteristics, for example, the type of monomer, the amount of monomer, the distribution of monomer, the density, the melt index (I2), Mn, Mw, MWD, or any combination thereof, or the first composition according to any one of U], A2]~M2], or A3]~B4] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2], or A3]~B4] above. The further thermoplastic polymer is selected from olefin polymers, ethylene polymers, or propylene polymers. D4] A process according to any one of A]~S] or A3]~C4] above, wherein the first composition further comprises an ethylene / alpha-olefin interpolymer and an ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, or an ethylene / alpha-olefin multiblock interpolymer and an ethylene / alpha-olefin multiblock copolymer, or a process according to any one of U], A2]~M2], or A3]~C4] above, or a crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2], or A3]~C4] above. E4] The first composition comprises: ethylene / alpha-olefin / non-conjugate diene interpolymer, ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, ethylene / alpha-olefin multiblock interpolymer, polyethylene homopolymer, styrene / ethylene interpolymer (e.g., SEBS), EVA, or any combination thereof, further comprising polymers selected from ethylene / alpha-olefin / non-conjugate diene interpolymer, EVA, or combination thereof, or the process described in any one of A]~S] or A3]~C4] above, or the first composition described in any one of U], A2]~M2] or A3]~C4] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition described in any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~C4] above. F4] The process of D4] or E4] above, or the first composition according to D4] or E4] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition according to D4] or E4] above, wherein each interpolymer or copolymer's alpha-olefin is independently C3-C20 alpha-olefin, or C3-C10 alpha-olefin, or C3-C8 alpha-olefin, or one of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, or one of propylene, 1-butene, or 1-octene, or 1-octene. G4) The first composition is heat-treated at a temperature of ≥150°C, ≥155°C, ≥160°C, ≥165°C, ≥170°C, or ≥175°C, in the process described in any one of A] to S] or A3] to F4] above, or the first composition described in any one of U], A2] to M2] or A3] to F4] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition described in any one of T], V] to M2] or A3] to F4] above. H4] The first composition is heat-treated at a temperature of ≤200°C, or ≤195°C, or ≤190°C, or ≤185°C, in the process described in any one of A] to S] or A3] to G4] above, or the first composition described in any one of U], A2] to M2] or A3] to G4] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition described in any one of T], V] to M2] or A3] to G4] above. I4] A crosslinked foamed composition having a tensile strength of ≥1.70 MPa, ≥1.75 MPa, or ≥1.80 MPa, or ≥1.85 MPa, or ≥1.90 MPa, or ≥1.95 MPa and / or ≤10.0 MPa, or ≤5.00 MPa, or ≤4.00 MPa, or ≤3.50 MPa, or ≤3.00 MPa, or ≤2.50 MPa, according to the process described in any one of A] to S] or A3] to H4] above, or according to any one of T], V] to M2] or A3] to H4] above. J4) A crosslinked foamed composition having a 100% modulus of elasticity of ≥0.30 MPa, or ≥0.35 MPa, or ≥0.40 MPa, or ≥0.45 MPa, or ≥0.50 MPa and / or ≤0.90 MPa, or ≤0.80 MPa, or ≤0.70 MPa, or ≤0.67 MPa, according to the process described in any one of A] to S] or A3] to I4] above, or the crosslinked foamed composition described in any one of T], V] to M2] or A3] to I4] above. K4) A cross-linked foamed composition having an elongation percentage of ≥370, or ≥375, or ≥380, or ≥385, or ≥390 and / or ≤470, or ≤460, or ≤450, or ≤445, or ≤440, or ≤435, or ≤430, according to the process described in any one of A]~S] or A3]~J4] above, or a cross-linked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~J4] above. L4) A cross-linked foamed composition having a rebound percentage of ≥50, or ≥55, or ≥60, or ≥65, or ≥67 and / or ≤100, or ≤90, or ≤80, or ≤78, or ≤76, or ≤74, or ≤72, according to the process described in any one of A]~S] or A3]~K4] above, or a cross-linked foamed composition according to any one of T], V]~M2] or A3]~K4] above. An article comprising at least one component formed from the first composition described in any one of the above U), A2-M2, or A3-H4. An article comprising at least one component formed from the crosslinked foam composition described in any one of the above T), V to M2, or A3 to L4. O4] The article described in M4] or N4] above, wherein the article is a shoe, sneaker, boot, or sandal. P4] The article described in M4] or N4] above, wherein the article is a footwear component, an automobile part, a window profile, a tire, a tube, a solar cell module, a cable, or a roof membrane.

[0073] Test method Gel permeation chromatography The chromatography system consisted of a PolymerChar GPC-IR (Valencia, Spain) high-temperature GPC chromatograph equipped with an internal IR5 infrared detector (IR5). The autosampler oven compartment was set to 160 degrees Celsius, and the column compartment to 150 degrees Celsius. The column consisted of four AGILENT "Mixed A" 30 cm, 20 micron linear mixed-bed columns. The chromatography solvent was 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene containing 200 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The solvent source was spurged with nitrogen. The injection volume used was 200 microliters, and the flow rate was 1.0 ml / min.

[0074] Calibration of the GPC column set was performed using 21 narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene standards with molecular weights ranging from 580 to 8,400,000, prepared in six "cocktail" mixtures with at least a 10-fold gap between individual molecular weights. The standards were purchased from Agilent Technologies. Polystyrene standards were prepared at a concentration of 0.025 grams per 50 ml of solvent for molecular weights greater than 1,000,000, and 0.05 grams per 50 ml of solvent for molecular weights less than 1,000,000. The polystyrene standards were dissolved at 80 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes with gentle stirring. The peak molecular weights of the polystyrene standards were converted to polyethylene molecular weights using Equation 1 (as described in Williams and Ward, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Let., 6, 621 (1968)): M ポリエチレン =A × (M ポリスチレン ) B (Equation 1) (wherein M is the molecular weight, A has a value of 0.4315, and B is equal to 1.0).

[0075] A quintic polynomial was used to fit the respective polyethylene equivalent calibration points. A slight adjustment (approximately 0.375 to 0.445) was made for A to correct for column resolution and band expansion effects so that linear homopolymer polyethylene standards could be obtained at 120,000 Mw. The total theoretical plate count of the GPC column set was performed using decane (prepared with 0.04 g in 50 ml of TCB and dissolved for 20 minutes with gentle stirring). Plate count (Equation 2) and symmetry (Equation 3) were measured with 200 microliter injections according to the following equations.

[0076]

number

[0077]

number

[0078] Samples were prepared semi-automatically using PolymerChar "Instrument Control" software, with a target weight of 2 mg / ml. The solvent (containing 200 ppm BHT) was added to a vial pre-spurged with nitrogen and sealed with a septum via a PolymerChar high-temperature autosampler. The samples were dissolved at 160 degrees Celsius for 2 hours under low-speed shaking.

[0079] The calculations of Mn(GPC), Mw(GPC), and Mz(GPC) were based on GPC results using the PolymerChar GPC-IR chromatograph's internal IR5 detector (measurement channel) according to Equations 4-6, using PolymerChar GPCOne® software, an IR chromatogram with the baseline subtracted at each equally spaced data retrieval point (i), and the polyethylene equivalent molecular weight obtained from the narrow standard calibration curve of point (i) from Equation 1. Equations 4-6 are as follows:

[0080]

number

[0081] To monitor deviations over time, a flow rate marker (decane) was introduced into each sample via a micropump controlled by a PolymerChar GPC-IR system. This flow rate marker (FM) was used to linearly correct the pump flow rate (apparent flow rate) for each sample by matching the RV (RV(FM sample)) of each decane peak within the sample with the RV (RV(FM calibrated)) of the decane peak within a narrow standard calibration. Any temporal changes in the decane marker peak were then assumed to be related to a linear shift in the overall flow rate (effective flow rate). To facilitate the highest accuracy of RV measurements of the flow rate marker peaks, a least-squares fitting routine was used to fit the peaks of the flow rate marker concentration chromatogram to a quadratic equation. The first derivative of the quadratic equation was then used to solve for the true peak location. After calibrating the system based on the velocity marker peaks, the effective flow rate (with respect to a narrow standard calibration) was calculated using Equation 7: Flow rate (effective) = Flow rate (apparent) × (RV (FM calibrated) / RV (FM sample)) (Equation 7). The velocity marker peaks were processed via PolymerChar GPCOne® software. An acceptable flow rate correction is such that the effective flow rate is within ±0.7% of the apparent flow rate.

[0082] Melt Index The melt index I2 (or melt index, MI) of ethylene-based polymers is measured according to ASTM D-1238, under conditions of 190°C / 2.16 kg (melt index I10 is 190°C / 10.0 kg). I10 / I2 was calculated from the ratio of I10 to I2. The melt flow rate MFR of propylene-based polymers is measured according to ASTM D-1238, under conditions of 230°C / 2.16 kg.

[0083] density Polymer plaques for density analysis were prepared using ASTM D4703. The density of each polymer was measured using ASTM D792, Method B.

[0084] NMR (13C and 1H) characterization of terpolymers For the 13C NMR experiment, the sample was dissolved in tetrachloroethane-d2 (with or without 0.025 M Cr(acac)3) in 10 mm NMR tubes. The concentration was approximately 300 mg / 2.8 mL. Each tube was then heated in a heating block set to 110 °C. The sample tubes were repeatedly vortexed and heated to obtain a homogeneous fluid. The 13C NMR spectrum was obtained using a BRUKER AVANCE 600 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 10 mm C / H DUAL cryoprobe. The following acquisition parameters were used: relaxation time of 60 seconds, 12.0 μs 90-degree pulse, and 256 scans. The spectral center was 100 ppm and the spectral width was 250 ppm. All measurements were performed at 110 °C without rotating the sample. The 13C NMR spectrum was referenced to the solvent resonance peak at 74.5 ppm. For samples containing Cr, data was acquired with a "7-second relaxation time" and 1024 scans. "Silane mol% (silane monomer)" was calculated based on the SiMe carbon resonance integral for the integrals of the CH2 carbon associated with the ethylene unit and the CH / CH3 carbon associated with the octene unit. "Molly octene (or other α-olefin)" was calculated similarly, referring to the CH / CH3 carbon associated with octene (or other α-olefin).

[0085] For the 1H NMR experiment, each sample was dissolved in tetrachloroethane-d2 (with or without 0.001 M Cr(acac)3) in an 8 mm NMR tube. The concentration was approximately 100 mg / 1.8 mL. Each tube was then heated in a heating block set to 110°C. The sample tubes were repeatedly vortexed and heated to obtain a homogeneous fluid. The 1H NMR spectrum was obtained using a BRUKER AVANCE 600 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 10 mm C / H DUAL cryoprobe. A standard single-pulse 1H NMR experiment was performed. The following acquisition parameters were used: relaxation time of 70 seconds, 17.2 μs 90-degree pulse, 32 scans. The spectral center was 1.3 ppm and the spectral width was 20 ppm. All measurements were performed at 110°C without rotating the samples. The 1H NMR spectrum was referenced to a resonance peak of 5.99 ppm for the solvent (residual protonated tetrachloroethane). For samples containing Cr, data was acquired with a relaxation time of 16 seconds and 128 scans. Silane mol% (silane monomer) was calculated based on the integral of SiMe proton resonance relative to the integrals of the CH2 proton associated with the ethylene unit and the CH3 proton associated with the octene unit.

[0086] Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the Tm, Tc, Tg, and crystallinity of ethylene-based (PE) and propylene-based (PP) samples. Each sample (0.5 g) was compressed into a film at 190°C for 2 minutes at 5000 psi. Approximately 5–8 mg of film sample was weighed and placed in a DSC pan. The lid was pressed onto the pan to ensure a sealed atmosphere. The sample dish was placed in a DSC cell and then heated at a rate of approximately 10°C / min to 180°C for PE (230°C for PP). The sample was held at this temperature for 3 minutes. The sample was then cooled at a rate of 10°C / min to -60°C for PE (-90°C for PP) and held isothermally at that temperature for 3 minutes. Next, the sample was heated at a rate of 10°C / min until completely melted (second heating). Unless otherwise specified, the melting point (Tm) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of each polymer were determined from the second thermal curve, and the crystallization temperature (Tc) was determined from the first cooling curve. Typically, the peak temperatures of Tm and Tc were recorded. The percentage of crystallinity can be calculated by dividing the heat of fusion (Hf) determined from the second thermal curve by the theoretical heat of fusion of 292 J / g for PE (165 J / g for PP), and multiplying this amount by 100 (for example, crystallinity % = (Hf / 292 J / g) × 100 (for PE)).

[0087] experiment material The polymers and additives are listed in Table 1 below.

[0088] [Table 1]

[0089] Polymer synthesis and properties Interpolymers, SiH-POE D and SiH-POE E, were prepared in a 1-gallon polymerization reactor filled with hydraulic pressure and operated under steady-state conditions. The solvent was ISOPAR-E supplied by ExxonMobil Chemical Company. 5-Hexenyldimethylsilane (HDMS), supplied by Gelest, was used as the ter monomer and purified with AZ-300 alumina supplied by UOP Honeywell before use. HDMS was supplied to the reactor as a 22 wt% solution in ISOPAR-E. The reactor temperature was measured at or near the outlet of the reactor. The interpolymers were isolated and pelletized. The polymerization conditions are listed in Tables 2B-2D, and the catalysts and co-catalysts are listed in Table 2A. The polymer properties are shown in Tables 3A and 3B.

[0090] [Table 2]

[0091] [Table 3]

[0092] [Table 4] * The amount in "ppm" is based on the weight of each catalyst supply solution.

[0093] [Table 5] * The amount in "ppm" is based on the weight of the co-catalyst supply solution. ** The amount of Al in "ppm" based on the weight of the co-catalyst supply solution.

[0094] [Table 6] * Silane mol% based on the total moles of monomers in the polymer, determined by 1H NMR. ** Calculated from mol%, based on the weight of the interpolymer, and represents silane weight %. F:HDMS = 5-hexenyldimethylsilane.

[0095] [Table 7]

[0096] Study 1 - Foams - Crosslinked Foam Compositions - APRR and Mechanical Properties The first compositions for this study are listed in Table 4.

[0097] [Table 8]

[0098] Preparation of the first composition A polymer (SiH-POE E or ENGAGE 8100) was added to a 1.5-liter Banbury mixer and equilibrated at approximately 80°C to 100°C (ambient atmosphere). After the polymer melted (approximately 5 minutes), zinc oxide, zinc stearate, stearic acid, and talc were added. Finally, a foaming agent (AS9000) and peroxide (DCP) were added, and the composition was mixed for a further 3 to 5 minutes, for a total mixing time of 15 minutes, to form a rubbery first composition (pre-crosslinked and pre-foamed).

[0099] Preparation of foam samples (Ban foam - crosslinked and foamed composition). The first rubbery composition was transferred to a roll mill (Collin) equilibrated at approximately 70°C (ambient pressure) to form a blank (approximately 5 mm thick). The blanket was cut into squares (approximate dimensions: 100 mm x 100 mm x 5 mm), and each square was placed in a van foam mold (7 inches x 7 inches x 0.5 inches) and equilibrated at 130°C (to form the shape - no significant chemical reaction occurs at this temperature). After heat-treating the sample in the mold for 9 minutes, it was pressed at 10 tons for 4 minutes. The sample was then transferred between two plates in a blow press machine (NC-S-420, Feng Cheih Precision Machinery Corp.), each plate was equilibrated at 180°C, and pressed at 100 kg / cm². 2 The Van foam was formed by holding it under pressure for 10 minutes (composition temperature 180°C ± 10°C). Once the pressure was released, the Van foam was quickly removed from the blow press and placed on several non-stick sheet ventilation hoods. The Van foam was cooled overnight and then sliced ​​for testing.

[0100] Cutting and slicing of foam First, each van foam was cut into small foam plaques (6 inches x 6 inches) using a vertical band saw. Foam density, foam hardness, foam shrinkage, and foam rebound were measured for the small foam plaques (skin layer).

[0101] Using a laboratory-scale horizontal band saw, thin slices (approximately 3 mm thick) were cut from the plaque. These thinner slices (skin layers) were used to measure tensile and tear properties.

[0102] Durometer hardness Hardness was the average of five readings measured across the entire surface of the sample. The Asker C method was used according to ASTM D2240.

[0103] density of foam Each block of foam was cut into 55mm x 50mm (length x width) blocks. The thickness depended on the expansion ratio of the foam. Next, these cubes were weighed using a balance scale. The density of the foam was calculated as follows.

[0104]

number

[0105] Oven shrinkage The foam sample was cut using a vertical band saw, and its width (WI) and length (LI) were measured. The foam sample was placed in a preheated air-circulating oven, equilibrated at 70°C, and removed after 40 minutes. After cooling at room temperature for 30 minutes, the width (WF) and length (LF) were measured again. The formula used to calculate the shrinkage of the foam sample is Δ={1-[(WF+LF) / (WI+LI)]} * It is 100.

[0106] Dropped ball rebound A 5 / 8-inch diameter steel ball was dropped onto a van foam sample from a height of 500 mm to determine the rebound % or elasticity %. Rebound % = [(Rebound height (mm) / 500 mm)] * 100]. The rebound height was measured with a ruler.

[0107] Tension Each layer of van foam, approximately 3 mm thick, was analyzed according to ASTM D638 Mechanical Properties Evaluation (Tensile) at a strain rate of 500 mm / min.

[0108] Compression permanent strain Compression set (C-Set) was measured according to ASTM D395 Method B under 50% compression conditions at 50°C for 6 hours. For each composition, two buttons with a diameter of 26 mm and a thickness of 10 mm ± 0.5 mm were cut from the van foam. Each button was tested and the average value was reported.

[0109] tear Type C tear strength was measured according to ASTM D624. Split tear strength was measured at a test speed of 2 inches / minute using a specimen with dimensions of 6 inches (length) × 1 inch (width) × 0.4 inches (thickness) and a notch depth of 1 to 1.5 inches.

[0110] Gel fraction (gel %) The gel fraction was determined by the hot xylene extraction method. Approximately 0.1 g of cross-linked foamed polymer composition (taken from van foam) was weighed and designated as the test specimen weight W1. The weighed sample was placed in a 150 mL round-bottom flask, and 100 mL of xylene was added to this flask. The mixture was refluxed under heating with a mantle heater for 6 hours. The residue remaining after dissolution in the round-bottom flask was then separated by filtration through a 100 mesh metal mesh, and the separated product was dried in a vacuum dryer at 80°C for more than 8 hours. The weight of the resulting dried product (W2) was measured. Gel % = [(W2 / W1) × 100].

[0111] Acetophenone concentration A portion of the van foam (approximately 2.8 g) was cut off and sealed in an aluminum bag. The foam was transferred to a sealed vial, and the vial was heated via headspace GC. Acetophenone was evaporated from the vial and quantified by headspace GC. The GC conditions are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0112] [Table 9]

[0113] [Table 10]

[0114] Here, the acetophenone retention rate is denoted as "APRR" as shown below.

[0115]

number

[0116] For example, for IE-1, the acetophenone concentration was 196.19 ppm (test data), and the amount of DCP filling in the formulation was 0.4 / 109.9 = 0.00364, or 3640 ppm. Therefore, the APRR for IE-1 is determined as follows:

[0117]

number

[0118] APRR results are shown in Table 7. ENGAGE 8100 was selected as a comparison resin due to its density, melt index, and comonomer being comparable to that of SiH-POE E. To compare foam performance, the amounts of foam package (AC9000) and additive package (ZnO, ZnSt, HOSt, and TALC 1250) in IE-1 and CE-1 were kept the same (Table 7). The experimental results indicate that the peroxide filler content in CE-1 needs to be twice as high as in IE-1 (0.8 vs. 0.4) to satisfy equivalent performance characteristics, such as hardness, tensile strength, split tear strength, rebound, and compression set. As seen in Table 7, only about 5% acetophenone was detected in IE-1 compared to about 11% in CE-1. Another comparison group with a higher expansion ratio (e.g., IE-2 and CE-2) yielded similar observations (approximately 5% APRR (IE-2) vs. approximately 9% (CE-2)) when other performance characteristics were maintained at the same level. Further reduction of the DCP filling amount in ENGAGE 8100 (CE-3 and CE-4) from 0.8 phr to 0.51 phr sacrificed properties such as tensile strength or compression set, but did not improve the APRR value (no decrease in APRR was observed).

[0119] [Table 11] * APRR = Acetophenone concentration / DCP concentration * 100%.

[0120] Odor ranking A human panel of three participants was used to rank the odors of the present invention (IE-1 and IE-2) and comparative (CE-1 to CE-4) foams. Each participant ranked the odor intensity of one van foam per composition according to the following ranking scale: rank 0 (no odor), rank + (low odor, similar to existing BIPB cured foam), rank ++ (moderate odor, between existing BIPB cured foam and existing DCP cured foam), rank +++ (high odor, similar to existing DCP cured foam). The results are shown in Table 8, indicating that IE-1 and IE-2 have significantly reduced odor compared to existing DCP cured foam.

[0121] [Table 12]

[0122] Therefore, the composition of the present invention has been developed that significantly reduces the odor associated with "DCP cured packages" while still providing excellent properties in the final foam product, such as foam density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation, rebound, compression set, tear, and shrinkage.

[0123] Study 2 - Foams - Crosslinked Foam Compositions - Gel Content and Mechanical Properties Table 9 shows the composition, gel content, and mechanical properties of the foams. Each composition and each van foam was prepared as described above for Study 1. Each van foam was cut as described in Study 1. Each foam (skin layer) was characterized by gel content, density, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, rebound, and compression set according to the respective test methods described above for Study 1.

[0124] [Table 13]

[0125] As shown in Table 9, each composition of the present invention provided a crosslinked foam with better crosslink density (here, gel content of 78% to 82%) and superior mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and elongation. It should be noted that composition CE-5 had a very low gel percentage (0.2% by weight), and composition CE-6 had a very high gel percentage (95.1% by weight). Neither composition was suitable for foam formation. This application provides, for example, the following inventions: [1] A process for forming a crosslinked foam composition, comprising the following components: a) At least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) A process comprising heat-treating a first composition comprising at least one blowing agent. [2] The process according to [1], wherein the crosslinked foam composition (C) has a reduced acetophenone residue rate (APRR) compared to a similar composition (SC) containing the same components, except that the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is replaced with a similar olefin polymer containing the same monomer type as the interpolymer of component a, and the olefin polymer does not contain the "at least one Si-H group", the similar olefin polymer having a density within ±0.005 g / cc of the density of component a, a melt index (I2) within ±0.5 g / 10 min of the melt index of component a, and the reduction in APRR (%) = {[((APRR of (SC)) - ((APRR of (C))] / ((APRR of (SC))} x 100. [3] The process according to [1] or [2], wherein the crosslinked foamed composition has an acetophenone residue rate (APRR) of ≤12%. [4] The process according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the crosslinked foam composition has a gel content (gel%) of 30% to 85% by weight. [5] Component b is given by formula P: [ka] The process described in any one of the above [1] to [4], selected from (wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R2, R3, R5, and R6 are each independently alkyl or H). [6] The process described in [5] above, wherein formula P is a dicumyl peroxide. [7] The process according to any one of the above [1] to [6], wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer. [8] The process according to any one of [1] to [7] above, wherein the first composition is heat-treated at a temperature of 150°C to 200°C. [9] A first composition comprising the following components: a) At least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) A first composition comprising at least one foaming agent.

[10] Component b is given by formula P: [ka] The first composition according to [9] above, selected from (wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R2, R3, R5, and R6 are each independently alkyl or H).

[11] The first composition according to [9] or

[10] above, wherein formula P is a dicumyl peroxide.

[12] The first composition according to any one of the above [9] to

[11] , wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer.

[13] The first composition according to any one of the above [9] to

[12] , wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a density of 0.855 g / cc to 0.940 g / cc.

[14] The first composition according to any one of the above [9] to

[13] , wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a melt index (I2) of 0.2 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min.

[15] The first composition according to any one of the above [9] to

[14] , wherein the weight ratio of component a to component b is 150 to 400.

[16] A crosslinked foamed composition formed from the first composition described in any one of the above items [9] to

[15] .

[17] The crosslinked foamed composition according to

[16] , wherein the crosslinked foamed composition (C) has a reduced acetophenone residue rate (APRR) compared to a similar composition (SC) containing the same components, except that the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is replaced with a similar olefin polymer containing the same monomer type as the interpolymer of component a, and the olefin polymer does not contain the "at least one Si-H group", the similar olefin polymer has a density within ±0.005 g / cc of the density of component a, a melt index (I2) within ±0.5 g / 10 min of the melt index of component a, and the reduction in APRR (%) = {[(APRR of (SC)) - (APRR of (C))] / (APRR of (SC))} x 100.

[18] The crosslinked foamed composition according to

[16] or

[17] , wherein the crosslinked foamed composition has an acetophenone residue rate (APRR) of ≤12%.

[19] The crosslinked foamed composition according to any one of the above

[16] to

[18] , wherein the crosslinked foamed composition has a gel content (gel%) of 30% to 85% by weight.

[20] An article comprising at least one component formed from the crosslinked foam composition described in any one of the above

[16] to

[19] .

Claims

1. A process for forming a crosslinked foam composition, comprising the following components: a) At least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si-H group, b) Dikmyl peroxide, and c) A process comprising heat-treating a first composition comprising at least one blowing agent.

2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinked foam composition (C) has a reduced acetophenone residue rate (APRR) compared to a similar composition (SC) containing the same components, except that the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is replaced with a similar olefin polymer containing the same monomer type as the interpolymer of component a, and the olefin polymer does not contain the "at least one Si-H group", the similar olefin polymer has a density within ±0.005 g / cc of the density of component a, and a melt index (I2) within ±0.5 g / 10 min of the melt index of component a, and the reduction in APRR (%) = {[(APRR of (SC) - APRR of (C)] / (APRR of (SC)} x 100.

3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crosslinked foam composition has an acetophenone residue rate (APRR) of ≤12%.

4. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crosslinked foam composition has a gel content (gel%) of 30% to 85% by weight.

5. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer.

6. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first composition is heat-treated at a temperature of 150°C to 200°C.

7. A first composition comprising the following components: a) At least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si-H group, b) Dikmyl peroxide, and c) A first composition comprising at least one foaming agent.

8. The first composition according to claim 7, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer.

9. The first composition according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a density of 0.855 g / cc to 0.940 g / cc.

10. The first composition according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a melt index (I2) of 0.2 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min.

11. The first composition according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the weight ratio of component a to component b is 150 to 400.

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