heat exchange device

Abstract

To provide heat exchange equipment which can be miniaturized and can be improved in energy consumption efficiency, has high heat absorption amount and high heat absorption output, and in which degradation of heat exchange performance is hard to occur even when the heat exchange equipment repeatedly absorbs and desorbs a medium.SOLUTION: Heat exchange equipment has: a nanoporous body including nanoporous material which can desorb a fluid refrigerant by being contracted and can adsorb the fluid refrigerant by being expanded; a heat absorbing / generating portion which has a first porous portion disposed in adjacent to a surface of the nanoporous body and can transmit the fluid refrigerant and cannot transmit the nanoporous material, and a second porous portion disposed in adjacent to the first porous portion in a manner of being exposed to a gas phase, having a contact angle (25°C) to the fluid refrigerant smaller than the first porous portion and / or a pore diameter larger than the first porous portion, and having elasticity; a press mechanism performing a motion to apply stress to the heat absorbing / generating portion and a motion to release the stress; and a housing portion housing the heat absorbing / generating portion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a heat exchange device.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, heat exchange devices that heat or cool a target (space or object) by transferring heat have been widely used. For example, Patent Document 1 below discloses an adsorption heat pump (desiccant air conditioner) that uses a high heat source for vaporizing water as a medium, a low heat source for condensing the vaporized moisture, and a desiccant (drying material) for collecting the moisture. In such an adsorption heat pump, generally, porous bodies such as silica gel and zeolite are adopted as the adsorbent used for the desiccant.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, in a conventional adsorption heat pump (desiccant air conditioner), the moving speed of the fluid refrigerant in the porous body is low. Therefore, when the refrigerant molecules evaporate (i.e., absorb heat), the evaporation speed of the refrigerant molecules is low, and it is difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of heat absorption per unit time. In order to promote the evaporation of the refrigerant molecules, a method of increasing the temperature of the porous body can be considered, but this method requires a heater for heat input, which leads to an increase in the size of the device. In addition, energy for operating the heater is required, resulting in a decrease in the energy consumption efficiency.

[0005] Furthermore, there is a need for heat exchange devices with higher heat absorption and heat output, especially for applications such as car air conditioners where installation space is limited. In addition, there is a need for heat exchange devices that do not experience a decrease in heat exchange performance even when the fluid refrigerant is repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and aims to provide a heat exchange device that can be miniaturized and energy consumption efficiency improved, has high heat absorption and heat absorption output, and is less prone to deterioration in heat exchange performance even when a fluid refrigerant is repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The inventors diligently conducted research to solve the above problems. In the process, they used a nanoporous material containing a nanoporous material that can mechanically deform by applying and releasing stress, thereby desorbing and adsorbing a fluid refrigerant, as an adsorbent in a heat exchanger, and directly utilized the latent heat generated by desorption or adsorption as cooling or heating. At this time, they found that the above problems could be solved by using a structure as an absorbent and heat-generating part, in which the nanoporous material is covered with a first porous part that allows fluid refrigerant to pass through but does not allow particles of the nanoporous material to pass through, and a second porous part adjacent to the first porous part and exposed to the gas phase, having a smaller contact angle (25°C) with respect to the fluid refrigerant and / or a larger pore diameter than the first porous part. This led to the completion of the present invention.

[0008] In other words, one embodiment of the present invention is a heat exchange device comprising: a nanoporous body containing a nanoporous material that can contract to desorb a fluid refrigerant and expand to adsorb the fluid refrigerant; a first porous portion disposed adjacent to the surface of the nanoporous body, permeable to the fluid refrigerant but impermeable to the nanoporous material; a second porous portion adjacent to the first porous portion and disposed so as to be exposed to the gas phase, having a contact angle (25°C) with respect to the fluid refrigerant smaller than that of the first porous portion and / or a pore diameter larger than that of the first porous portion, and having elastic heat-absorbing and heating portions; a press mechanism that performs an operation to apply stress to the heat-absorbing and heating portions and an operation to release the stress; and a housing portion that houses the heat-absorbing and heating portions. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a heat exchange device that can be miniaturized and has improved energy consumption efficiency, has high heat absorption and heat absorption output, and does not experience a decrease in heat exchange performance even when a fluid refrigerant is repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional example of the configuration of an air conditioning system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional example of the configuration of a unit body according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows the configuration of the heat-absorbing and heating section 11. Figure 3(A) is a plan view of the heat-absorbing and heating section 11 shown in Figures 1 and 2, viewed from above in the Z-axis direction. Figure 3(B) is a cross-sectional view of the heat-absorbing and heating section 11 shown in Figure 3(A), cut by the YZ plane passing through the line B-B'. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified configuration of the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section 11. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a plan view showing the airflow and extension portion in an air conditioning system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6]Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view obtained by cutting the extension shown in Figure 5 through the YZ plane passing through the line VI-VI'. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows photographs taken with a thermal camera of the press equipment before and after pressing the GMS powder with methanol adsorbed onto it. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a graph showing the temperature change of the copper plate over time, illustrating the results of measuring the heat absorption performance of the heat absorption and heat absorption section samples of Reference Example 2 and Comparative Reference Example 3. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] One embodiment of the present invention is a heat exchange device comprising: a nanoporous body containing a nanoporous material that can contract to desorb a fluid refrigerant and expand to adsorb the fluid refrigerant; a first porous portion disposed adjacent to the surface of the nanoporous body, permeable to the fluid refrigerant but impermeable to the nanoporous material; a second porous portion adjacent to the first porous portion and disposed so as to be exposed to the gas phase, having a contact angle (25°C) with respect to the fluid refrigerant smaller than that of the first porous portion and / or a pore diameter larger than that of the first porous portion, and having elastic heat absorption and heating portion; a press mechanism that performs an operation to apply stress to the heat absorption and heating portion and an operation to release the stress; and a housing portion that houses the heat absorption and heating portion.

[0012] In conventional adsorption heat pumps (desiccant air conditioners), the movement speed of the refrigerant fluid within the porous material is low. Therefore, when the refrigerant molecules evaporate (i.e., absorb heat), the evaporation rate is low, making it difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of absorbed heat per unit time. While raising the temperature of the porous material can be considered to promote the evaporation of refrigerant molecules, this method requires a heater for heat input, leading to a larger device. Furthermore, the energy required to operate the heater reduces energy efficiency.

[0013] In contrast, the heat exchange device according to this embodiment uses a nanoporous material as an adsorbent, which includes a nanoporous material that can change the pore size by applying and releasing stress, thereby reversibly causing a gas-liquid phase transition of the fluid refrigerant taken in as a guest molecule. As a result, the nanoporous material, which absorbs or releases heat due to the phase change of the fluid refrigerant, can be used as a heat source to exchange heat with a substance (e.g., air) present outside the containment. In this heat exchange device, the input energy is not heat input from a heater, but rather press from a stress-applying section. Therefore, the heat exchange device can improve its energy consumption efficiency (COP: Coefficient of Performance). Furthermore, since the heat exchange device does not require a heater for heat input, it can be miniaturized.

[0014] Furthermore, the heat exchange device according to this embodiment is characterized by the arrangement of a first porous section adjacent to the surface of the nanoporous body, which is permeable to the fluid refrigerant but impermeable to the nanoporous material. By arranging such a first porous section, it is possible to prevent the nanoporous body from losing its shape or being contaminated with impurities when mechanical stress is applied. As a result, the load can be applied uniformly to the nanoporous body, which can improve the amount of heat absorbed and desorbed. In addition, since a decrease in the amount of adsorption and desorption due to deformation of the nanoporous body is less likely to occur, the amount of heat absorbed and desorbed can be maintained. Moreover, the amount of adsorption and desorption of the fluid refrigerant is improved by controlling the pore diameter of the porous section. That is, if the pore diameter of the porous section is too small compared to the molecular diameter of the fluid refrigerant, the diffusion of the fluid refrigerant is inhibited, and the fluid refrigerant is not sufficiently adsorbed and desorbed. As a result, good heat exchange performance cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the pore diameter of the porous section is too large compared to the secondary particle diameter of the nanoporous material constituting the nanoporous body, the nanoporous material will permeate through the porous section and leak out of the porous section, reducing the amount of adsorption and desorption of the medium. In contrast, by controlling the pore size of the porous section to allow the fluid refrigerant to permeate but prevent the nanoporous material from permeating, it is possible to suppress the leakage of the nanoporous material to the outside of the porous section. At the same time, it is possible to create a structure that selectively allows the fluid refrigerant to permeate without hindering its diffusion. With such a structure, the amount of adsorption and desorption may improve because the diffusion of the fluid refrigerant is not inhibited. In addition, a decrease in the amount of adsorption and desorption is less likely to occur due to the nanoporous material permeating through the porous section and leaking out to the outside of the porous section. As a result, the amount of heat absorbed and released may improve. Furthermore, the decrease in heat absorbed and released is less likely to occur even when stress is repeatedly applied and released.

[0015] Furthermore, in the process of studying the heat exchange device having the above configuration, the inventors expected that the fluid refrigerant adsorbed on the nanoporous material would desorb in the state of vapor (gas) with the application of stress and contribute to achieving efficient cooling. However, when an actual experiment was conducted, it was surprisingly found that at least a part of the desorbing fluid refrigerant might leak from the nanoporous material in the liquid state. If the leaked liquid-state fluid refrigerant can be efficiently evaporated, the cooling efficiency of the heat exchange device can be effectively improved. Therefore, as a configuration for efficiently evaporating the fluid refrigerant leaked in the liquid state from the above-described first porous part, the inventors tried arranging a second porous part adjacent to the first porous part and exposed to the gas phase. Then, by making the contact angle of the second porous part smaller than that of the first porous part or making the pore diameter of the second porous part larger than that of the first porous part, it became possible to efficiently evaporate the fluid refrigerant leaked in the liquid state from the first porous part, and a remarkable improvement in cooling efficiency was realized.

[0016] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention should be determined based on the description in the claims and is not limited only to the following embodiments. Note that the dimensional ratios in the drawings are exaggerated for the convenience of explanation and may be different from the actual ratios.

[0017] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention three-dimensionally. The air conditioner 200 shown in FIG. 1 can be applied to, for example, a car air conditioner (cooling) that cools the interior (inside air) of an automobile.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 1, the air conditioner 200 includes a heat exchange unit 100 (an example of the "heat exchange device" according to one embodiment of the present invention) and an air conduction passage 150 through which air flows. The air conduction passage 150 may also be referred to as a duct. The heat exchange unit 100 includes a unit main body 1 and a pressing mechanism 3 that sandwiches the unit main body 1 from both sides in the thickness direction (for example, the Z-axis direction). The pressing mechanism 3 sandwiches and fixes one or more unit main bodies 1 between a first clamping body 31 and a second clamping body 32. For example, while maintaining the state in which a plurality of unit main bodies 1 are fixed, the pressing mechanism 3 applies stress to the heat absorption and heat generation portions 11 (for example, see FIG. 2) of the plurality of unit main bodies 1 or releases the applied stress by moving the shaft portion 33 in the axial direction.

[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the unit main body 1 according to the present embodiment three-dimensionally. As shown in FIG. 2, the unit main body 1 has a heat absorption and heat generation portion 11 having elasticity, a heat conduction portion 12 that is in direct or indirect contact with the heat absorption and heat generation portion 11 and conducts the heat of the heat absorption and heat generation portion 11, and a housing portion 13 that houses the heat absorption and heat generation portion 11 and the heat conduction portion 12. In the present embodiment, the unit main body 1 has a plurality of heat conduction portions 12. The plurality of heat conduction portions 12 sandwich the heat absorption and heat generation portion 11 from both sides in the thickness direction (for example, the Z-axis direction). Two heat conduction portions 12 sandwich one heat absorption and heat generation portion 11 from both sides in the Z-axis direction. In the present embodiment, the heat conduction portion 12 has a contact portion 121 that is in thermal contact with a first porous portion (details will be described later) inside the housing portion 13 and an extension portion 122 that extends outward from the housing portion 13. In FIGS. 1 and 2, three or more heat conduction portions 12 may be housed in one housing portion 13 to constitute one unit main body 1. For example, all the heat conduction portions 12 may be arranged in one housing portion 13 to constitute one unit main body 1.

[0020] By adopting the configurations shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, heat exchange occurs between the extension portion 122 and a substance (for example, air) existing outside the housing portion 13 in each of the plurality of unit main bodies 1.

[0021] Figure 3 shows the configuration of the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section 11. Figure 3(A) is a plan view of the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section 11 shown in Figures 1 and 2, viewed from above in the Z-axis direction. Figure 3(B) is a cross-sectional view of the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section 11 shown in Figure 3(A), cut by the YZ plane passing through the line B-B'. As shown in Figure 3, in the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section 11, the nanoporous body 11a is formed into a plate-like shape and is further surrounded by a first porous section 11b. In this embodiment, three such packaging bodies, each consisting of a nanoporous body 11a and a first porous section 11b, are stacked, and a second porous section 11c is arranged to cover the outer periphery. In this embodiment, since the nanoporous body 11a is elastic, the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section 11 is also elastic. "Elasticity" means the property of being able to reversibly deform significantly and recover to almost its original shape when stress is released, even if it shrinks due to external stress. The elastic limit of the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section 11 is designed to be greater than the stress required to desorb the fluid refrigerant. The elastic limit of the heat absorption / heating section 11 is preferably designed appropriately according to the cooling scale of the target application of the air conditioning system 200. The main components of the heat exchange unit 100 will be described below.

[0022] (Nanoporous material) The nanoporous body 11a is a structure comprising a nanoporous material (nanoporous material) that can contract to desorb a fluid refrigerant and expand to adsorb the fluid refrigerant. The nanoporous body may be a structure comprising, for example, a plurality of particles and a binder that binds the plurality of particles together, wherein each of the plurality of particles is a nanoporous material (i.e., has a plurality of nano-level pores). Alternatively, the nanoporous body may be a structure that does not include a binder and is composed only of a nanoporous material.

[0023] Furthermore, "nanoporous" means having multiple nano-level pores. Nano-level pores are preferably micropores or mesopores with a diameter of 0.5 to 100 nm, more preferably 0.7 to 50 nm, and even more preferably 0.7 to 6 nm. The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) defines pores with a diameter of 2 nm or less as micropores, pores with a diameter of 2 to 50 nm as mesopores, and pores with a diameter of 50 nm or more as macropores.

[0024] Generally, solid surfaces have high potential energy due to van der Waals forces, which have the effect of condensing the molecules of fluid refrigerants. When a medium is adsorbed onto a nanoporous material, it is surrounded by tiny pore walls at the nanoscale, so the potential energy due to van der Waals forces (physical adsorption forces) on the solid surface is remarkably high. In this case, the fluid refrigerant in a gaseous state is adsorbed onto the pore walls of the nanoporous material at the density of a liquid. That is, adsorption onto a nanoporous material is a phenomenon equivalent to a phase change from gas to liquid, and the heat of adsorption is approximately equal to the latent heat of condensation. Thus, when a fluid refrigerant is adsorbed onto a nanoporous material, it undergoes a phase change from gas to liquid. Conversely, the inventors had expected that when the fluid refrigerant desorbs, it would undergo a phase change from liquid to gas, but it was found that in reality, some of it desorbs in a liquid state, and other parts desorb in a gaseous state. The medium with liquid density inside the pores adsorbed onto the pore walls of the nanoporous material is in equilibrium with vapor at a pressure lower than the saturated vapor pressure.

[0025] The nanoporous material constituting the nanoporous body is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can contract to desorb the fluid refrigerant and expand to adsorb the fluid refrigerant, but it is preferably an elastic material.

[0026] The nanoporous material is preferably composed mainly of carbon. Here, "primarily composed of carbon" is a concept that includes both being composed solely of carbon and being substantially composed of carbon, and other elements may be included. "Substantially composed of carbon" means that 90% or more by mass of the total, preferably 95% or more by mass, 98% or more by mass, or 99% or more by mass (upper limit: 100% by mass) of the total is composed of carbon. Examples of such materials include carbon materials that contain a single-layer graphene backbone and have the porosity and elastic properties necessary for the desorption and adsorption of the medium. Specifically, examples include zeolite templated carbon (ZTC), graphene mesosponge (GMS), and carbon mesosponge (CMS). Zeolite template carbon (hereinafter referred to as "ZTC"), graphene mesosponge (hereinafter referred to as "GMS"), and carbon mesosponge (hereinafter referred to as "CMS") all consist of a single-layer graphene skeleton and possess the porosity and elastic properties necessary for the desorption and adsorption of fluid refrigerants.

[0027] ZTC is composed of a single layer of graphene sheet. Furthermore, uniform pores (approximately 1.2 nm in diameter) are arranged regularly in three dimensions and interconnected, resulting in an extremely high BET specific surface area and pore volume (maximum BET specific surface area of ​​4100 m²). 2 It is known that ZTC has a pore volume of 1.8 cc / g. Methods for producing ZTC are described in Nishihara, H. et al., Chemistry-European Journal 15, 5355 (2009), etc.

[0028] GMS is a sponge-like mesoporous material with tiny pores of about 6 nm, where the majority of the pore walls are composed of single-layer graphene, and it has an extremely high BET specific surface area (approximately 2000 m²) comparable to activated carbon. 2It possesses ( / g). On the other hand, unlike activated carbon and carbon black, it contains almost no graphene edges that cause corrosion, and therefore has excellent corrosion resistance (oxidation resistance). Furthermore, due to the properties of graphene, which is both flexible and tough, GMS has excellent flexibility and elasticity, and can be reversibly elastically deformed from a pore diameter of approximately 5.8 nm to approximately 0.7 nm. The method for manufacturing GMS is described in Nishihara, H. et al., Advanced Functional Materials, Vol.26, 2016, 6418-6427. CMS can be obtained as a precursor to the above GMS and has spherical mesopores similar to the above GMS.

[0029] The BET specific surface area of ​​nanoporous materials is not particularly limited, but for example, 800-4200 m² 2 The range is / g. This allows for an increase in the amount of adsorption by the medium.

[0030] The nanoporous material may be in powder form. The size of the nanoporous material powder is not particularly limited as long as it does not permeate the porous portion, but for example, the average secondary particle diameter is 0.5 to 1000 μm, preferably 5 to 500 μm, and more preferably 10 to 100 μm. The value of the average secondary particle diameter of the nanoporous material shall be the value calculated as the average value of the particle diameters of particles observed in several to tens of fields of view using an observation means such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, "particle diameter" shall mean the maximum distance between any two points on the contour line of the observed particle.

[0031] When a nanoporous material contains a binder, the binder is not particularly limited, but examples include thermoplastic polymers such as polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (including compounds in which hydrogen atoms are substituted with other halogen elements), polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, polybutene, polyethernitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyamide, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer and its hydrogenated products, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer and its hydrogenated products, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polychloropolymer, etc. Examples include fluororesins such as chlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF); vinylidene fluoride-based fluororubbers such as vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-based fluororubbers (VDF-HFP-based fluororubbers), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene-based fluororubbers (VDF-HFP-TFE-based fluororubbers), vinylidene fluoride-pentafluoropropylene-based fluororubbers (VDF-PFP-based fluororubbers), vinylidene fluoride-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene-based fluororubbers (VDF-PFMVE-TFE-based fluororubbers), vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene-based fluororubbers (VDF-CTFE-based fluororubbers); and epoxy resins. Among these, polyimide, styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxymethylcellulose, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, and polyamide are more preferred. Two or more types of binders may be used in combination.In particular, it is preferable to use a combination of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder. In this case, the mixing ratio of CMC and SBR is not particularly limited, but for example, the mass ratio of CMC to SBR (CMC / SBR) is preferably 0.5 to 2, and more preferably 1.1 to 1.6, in terms of solid content.

[0032] When a nanoporous body is constructed by bonding nanoporous materials using a binder, the binder content in the nanoporous body is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 5 to 30% by mass in terms of solid content relative to the total mass of the nanoporous body. If the binder content is 5% by mass or more, the retention force of the nanoporous body increases, and a more durable nanoporous body can be obtained. On the other hand, if the binder content is 30% by mass or less, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the amount of adsorbed adsorbate that can be adsorbed by the binder penetrating into the nanoporous material. Furthermore, a binder mass ratio of 15 to 25% by mass is preferable because it further improves durability and suppresses the decrease in adsorption amount. When two or more types of binders are used in combination, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the nanoporous body does not contain a binder. Specifically, the binder content is, for example, 1% by mass or less, preferably 0.5% by mass or less, on a solid content basis, relative to the total mass of the nanoporous body. By not using a binder, the binder does not deform and absorb displacement when stress is applied, so the load can be applied uniformly to the nanoporous material. In addition, it is possible to prevent the binder from deforming and crushing the pores of the nanoporous body. As a result, the diffusion of the fluid coolant is not inhibited and desorption is promoted, so the endothermic output and amount of heat absorbed may increase. Furthermore, by not including a binder, the amount of heat absorbed per unit mass of the nanoporous body may increase. Also, for similar reasons, it is preferable that the nanoporous body is composed only of nanoporous material. Specifically, the nanoporous material content is, for example, 98% by mass or more, preferably 99% by mass or more, and more preferably 99.5% by mass or more, on a solid content basis, relative to the total mass of the nanoporous body. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nanoporous body does not contain a binder and is composed only of nanoporous material.

[0034] (First porous section) The first porous portion 11b has pores that are permeable to the fluid coolant but not to the nanoporous material, and is positioned adjacent to the surface of the nanoporous body 11a. Preferably, it is positioned so as to be in contact with at least a portion of the surface of the nanoporous body 11a. For example, the first porous portion 11b is positioned in one or more locations among the following: between the press mechanism 3 and the nanoporous body 11a, on the opposite side of the press mechanism 3 across the nanoporous body 11a, and on the side of the nanoporous body 11a. Preferably, the first porous portion 11b is positioned between the press mechanism 3 and the nanoporous body 11a. More preferably, the first porous portion is positioned between the press mechanism 3 and the nanoporous body 11a and on the opposite side of the press mechanism 3 across the nanoporous body 11a. Particularly preferably, the first porous portion 11b is positioned so as to cover the entire nanoporous body 11a. This can make the effects of the present invention more pronounced.

[0035] The pore diameter of the first porous portion 11b should be such that it allows the fluid refrigerant to pass through but does not allow the nanoporous material constituting the nanoporous body 11a to pass through. Preferably, it is smaller than the average secondary particle diameter of the nanoporous material and larger than the size of the fluid refrigerant.

[0036] Furthermore, it is preferable that the first porous portion 11b is elastic and harder than the nanoporous body 11a. This allows the press mechanism 3 to apply stress to the nanoporous body 11a via the first porous portion 11b.

[0037] The first porous portion 11b is positioned adjacent to the surface of the nanoporous body 11a, thereby supporting the nanoporous body 11a and suppressing deformation of the nanoporous body 11a. This allows the load to be applied uniformly to the nanoporous body 11a when stress is applied. Therefore, the diffusion of the fluid coolant is not inhibited and desorption is promoted, which is preferable. In addition, since the deformation of the nanoporous body 11a can prevent the pores of the nanoporous body 11a from collapsing, the heat absorption output and heat absorption amount may increase.

[0038] The pore diameter of the first porous portion 11b is preferably 2a (mm) or less with respect to the contact radius a (mm) represented by the following formula (1).

[0039]

number

[0040] In equation (1) above, P is the stress (N), ν1 and ν2 are the Poisson's ratios of the nanoporous material and the first porous part, respectively, E1 and E2 are the Young's modulus (MPa) of the nanoporous material and the first porous part, respectively, and R1 and R2 are the radii of curvature (mm) of the nanoporous material and the first porous part, respectively.

[0041] The above equation (1) (Hertz's formula) represents the contact radius of the nanoporous material when a press load is applied to it, and indicates how much the nanoporous material deforms in response to the load. If the pore diameter of the first porous section is 2a (mm) or less, when stress is applied to the nanoporous material, the area in contact between the nanoporous material and the parts of the surface of the first porous section other than the openings becomes sufficiently large. When stress is applied to the nanoporous material, the load is applied to this contact area, so with this configuration, the load can be applied more uniformly to the nanoporous material, which can further promote the desorption of the fluid coolant. As a result, the responsiveness of the fluid coolant can be further improved, and the heat absorption output and heat absorption amount can be further increased.

[0042] Furthermore, the pore diameter of the first porous portion is preferably 65% ​​or less of the average secondary particle diameter of the nanoporous material. When a load is applied to the nanoporous material, it may deform. If the pore diameter of the first porous portion is 65% or less of the average secondary particle diameter of the nanoporous material, the pore diameter can be smaller than or equal to the diameter of the contact surface with the first porous portion when stress is applied to the nanoporous material. As a result, the area in contact between the nanoporous material and the part of the surface of the first porous portion other than the openings becomes sufficiently large. When stress is applied to the nanoporous body, the load is applied to this contact area, so with this configuration, the load can be applied more uniformly to the nanoporous body, and the desorption of the fluid coolant may be further promoted. As a result, the endothermic output and amount of heat absorbed may be further improved. From this viewpoint, the pore diameter of the first porous portion is preferably 130 μm or less.

[0043] The lower limit of the pore diameter of the first porous portion is not particularly limited as long as it allows the fluid refrigerant to permeate. Preferably, the pore diameter of the first porous portion is 0.1λ or greater, where λ is the mean free path of the gas molecules of the fluid refrigerant. For example, if the medium is methanol (molecular diameter 0.38 nm), the mean free path λ at the pressure when methanol is supplied (16937 Pa, which is the saturated vapor pressure of methanol at 25°C) is calculated to be 0.378 μm. If the fluid refrigerant is ethanol, λ is calculated to be 0.81 μm. Therefore, the pore diameter of the first porous portion is preferably 0.04 μm or greater, more preferably 0.05 μm or greater, and even more preferably 0.06 μm or greater. Within the above range, since gas diffusion within the pores is a region in which both Knudsen diffusion and molecular diffusion contribute, adsorption and desorption of fluid refrigerant molecules and the accompanying gas-liquid phase transition can proceed more effectively. In particular, when the fluid refrigerant is ethanol, the effects of the present invention can be obtained even more significantly within the above range. Similarly, if the pore diameter of the first porous portion is 10λ or less, gas diffusion within the pores is a region where both Knudsen diffusion and molecular diffusion contribute, allowing adsorption and desorption of fluid refrigerant molecules and the associated gas-liquid phase transition to proceed more effectively. From this viewpoint, the pore diameter of the first porous portion is, for example, 8 μm or less, preferably 5 μm or less, and more preferably 3 μm or less. When the fluid refrigerant is ethanol, the pore diameter of the first porous portion is preferably 3 μm or less.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pore diameter of the first porous portion is, for example, 20 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less, even more preferably 5 μm or less, even more preferably 3 μm or less, even more preferably 1 μm or less, even more preferably 0.5 μm or less, and even more preferably 0.2 μm or less. Alternatively, the pore diameter of the first porous portion is preferably 0.04 μm or more, more preferably 0.05 μm or more, and even more preferably 0.06 μm or more. In this specification, the pore diameter of the first porous portion and the second porous portion described later refer to the minor axis diameter of the inscribed circle of the pore. The pore diameters of these porous portions can be measured using observation means such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM). If the porous portion has pores of different sizes and shapes, the value calculated as the arithmetic mean thereof shall be adopted.

[0045] The first porous portion is not particularly limited, but is preferably composed of a resin such as polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, or polyester. Such resins can be heat-sealed at low temperatures, simplifying the manufacturing process. This reduces costs and improves the efficiency of the manufacturing process. Among these, polypropylene is preferred because its melting point is approximately 160°C, making it suitable for heat sealing, and thus the above effects can be obtained more significantly.

[0046] The first porous portion is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the form of a film. The thickness of the first porous portion is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 to 100 μm, and preferably 10 to 50 μm. The porosity of the first porous portion is also not particularly limited, but is, for example, 30 to 70%, and preferably 40 to 60%. A commercially available porous film having a predetermined pore size may be used as the first porous portion.

[0047] (Second porous section) The second porous portion 11c is positioned adjacent to the first porous portion 11b and exposed to the gas phase. Preferably, it is positioned in contact with at least a portion of the first porous portion 11b. For example, the second porous portion 11c is positioned between the press mechanism 3 and the first porous portion 11b, and at one or more locations on the side of the first porous portion 11b. Preferably, the second porous portion 11c is positioned to cover the entire outer circumference of the first porous portion 11b. This can make the effects of the present invention more pronounced.

[0048] The second porous portion 11c has one of the following characteristics: (1) its contact angle (25°C) with respect to the fluid refrigerant is smaller than that of the first porous portion 11b, (2) its pore diameter is larger than that of the first porous portion 11b, or (1) and (2) are both.

[0049] Furthermore, it is preferable that the second porous portion 11c is also elastic and harder than the nanoporous body 11a. This allows the press mechanism 3 to apply stress to the nanoporous body 11a via the second porous portion 11c.

[0050] In this embodiment, with respect to the second porous portion 11c, if (1) the contact angle with respect to the fluid refrigerant (25°C) is smaller than that of the first porous portion 11b, then the second porous portion 11c has superior wettability with respect to the fluid refrigerant compared to the first porous portion 11b. Therefore, the movement of the fluid refrigerant, which leaks from the nanoporous material 11a in a liquid state in response to the application of stress, from the first porous portion 11b to the second porous portion 11c is promoted. Furthermore, the presence of the second porous portion 11c significantly increases the area over which the fluid refrigerant can evaporate compared to the case where it is not present. As a result, the fluid refrigerant that has moved to the second porous portion 11c can be efficiently vaporized, and as a result, efficient cooling is achieved.

[0051] In Figure 1, when the press mechanism 3 applies stress to the heat-absorbing and heating section 11 via the housing section 13, the pores of the nanoporous material 11a constituting the heat-absorbing and heating section 11 contract, and the fluid refrigerant adsorbed on the pore walls of the nanoporous material 11a desorbs from the pore walls. At this time, the fluid refrigerant adsorbed at liquid density is released to the outside of the nanoporous material, partly as a liquid and partly as a gas. The heat exchange unit 100 can cool the target (e.g., air) by utilizing the latent heat of vaporization during this desorption as cooling energy. Furthermore, as described above, the fluid refrigerant desorbed in a liquid state efficiently vaporizes through the first porous material 11b and the second porous material 11c, and the latent heat of vaporization at that time can further cool the target (e.g., air).

[0052] Here, the value of the contact angle (25°C) of the second porous portion 11c with respect to the fluid refrigerant is preferably 5° or more, preferably 10° or more, more preferably 15° or more, and even more preferably 20° or more smaller than the value of the contact angle of the first porous portion 11b. Furthermore, the value of the contact angle (25°C) of the second porous portion 11c with respect to the fluid refrigerant cannot be uniquely defined as it varies depending on the type of fluid refrigerant used in the heat exchanger, but for example, the value of the contact angle with methanol is preferably 20 to 80°, more preferably 30 to 80°, even more preferably 35 to 75°, and particularly preferably 40 to 70°. There are no particular restrictions on the value of the contact angle (25°C) of the first porous portion 11b with respect to the fluid refrigerant, but the value of the contact angle with methanol is preferably 40 to 95°, more preferably 50 to 95°, even more preferably 55 to 90°, and particularly preferably 60 to 85°. Note that the contact angle is an average value (the average value obtained when the contact angle is measured multiple times while keeping the occupancy rate (degree of saturation) of the liquid filling the pores of the porous part 11 constant).

[0053] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if the second porous portion 11c has a larger pore diameter than the first porous portion 11b, the fluid refrigerant leaking from the nanoporous body 11a in a liquid state due to the application of stress is promoted to move from the first porous portion 11b, which has a smaller pore diameter, to the second porous portion 11c, which has a larger pore diameter. The presence of the second porous portion 11c significantly increases the area over which the fluid refrigerant can evaporate compared to the case where it is not present. Therefore, the fluid refrigerant that has moved to the second porous portion 11c can be efficiently vaporized, resulting in efficient cooling.

[0054] In Figure 1, when the press mechanism 3 applies stress to the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section 11 via the housing section 13, the movement of the leaked refrigerant fluid from the first porous section 11b to the second porous section 11c is promoted, and efficient cooling can be achieved through the same mechanism as in (1) above.

[0055] Here, the pore diameter of the second porous portion 11c is preferably 1.1 times or more, more preferably 10 times or more, more preferably 100 times or more, and even more preferably 1000 times or more, compared to the pore diameter of the first porous portion 11b. Furthermore, the pore diameter of the second porous portion 11c is preferably 0.01 μm or more, more preferably 0.1 μm or more, and even more preferably 1 μm or more. On the other hand, the pore diameter of the second porous portion is, for example, 5000 μm or less, more preferably 3000 μm or less, and more preferably 1000 μm or less.

[0056] The second porous section is also not particularly limited, but is preferably made of a resin such as polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, or polyester. Such resins can be heat-sealed at low temperatures, simplifying the manufacturing process. This reduces costs and improves the efficiency of the manufacturing process. Among these, polypropylene is preferred because its melting point is approximately 160°C, making it suitable for heat sealing, and thus the above effects can be more pronounced. The second porous section is also not particularly limited, but is preferably in the form of a mesh, woven fabric, or sponge. It may also be a material that has undergone surface treatment such as plasma treatment to reduce the contact angle with the fluid coolant. The thickness of the second porous section (width in Figure 3(B)) is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 to 100 mm, preferably 10 to 5 mm. The porosity of the second porous section is also not particularly limited, but is preferably greater than that of the first porous section, for example, 40 to 95%, preferably 50 to 90%. A commercially available resin sponge can also be used for the second porous section.

[0057] Preferably, at least a portion of the second porous portion 11c is interposed between a plurality of first porous portions 11b, as shown in Figure 4. This configuration increases the contact area between the first porous portion 11b and the second porous portion 11c. As a result, the evaporation of the refrigerant fluid that leaks out in a liquid state is further promoted, and the cooling efficiency can be further improved.

[0058] Furthermore, it is preferable that at least a portion of the surface of the second porous portion 11c exposed to the gas phase has an uneven shape. This configuration increases the contact area between the second porous portion 11c and the gas phase. As a result, evaporation of the fluid refrigerant leaked in the liquid state is further promoted, and the cooling efficiency can be further improved. It should be noted that "having an uneven shape" on the surface of the second porous portion means that there are recesses and protrusions on the surface of the second porous portion that are larger in size than the pore diameter. In this case, it is even more preferable that the second porous portion 11c has a hollow structure, that the internal surface of the hollow structure is exposed to the gas phase, and that at least a portion of the internal surface has an uneven shape. Examples of a second porous portion having such a configuration include nets, woven fabrics, and sponges made of hollow fibers having slits or internal cavities.

[0059] (Heat conduction part) The heat exchange device according to this embodiment preferably further includes a heat conduction section 12 made of a heat conductor such as copper or aluminum, in addition to the heat absorption and heating section 11, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. A preferred embodiment of the heat conduction section 12 is, for example, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, a contact section 121 that is in contact with and thermally connected to the heat absorption and heating section 11 inside the housing section 13, and an extension section 122 that extends from the housing section 13 to the outside. Inside the housing section 13, the heat conduction section 12 may have at least a portion of the first porous section 11b, or at least a portion of the second porous section 11c, thermally connected to the heat conduction section. However, from the viewpoint of achieving more efficient heat transfer, it is preferable that at least a portion of the second porous section 11c is thermally connected to the heat conduction section. Due to the presence of such a heat conduction section 12, when the fluid refrigerant desorbs and evaporates, the temperature of the heat conduction section 12 in contact with the heat absorption and heating section 11 (for example, the first porous section 11b and / or the second porous section 11c) decreases as the temperature of the heat absorption and heating section 11 decreases. As a result, the extension 122 of the heat conduction section 12 can exchange heat with the air outside the containment section 13 by convection or radiation, thereby cooling the air.

[0060] The shape of the heat conduction part is not particularly limited and may be a metal foil such as copper or aluminum, or it may be in the form of a mesh. The thickness of the metal foil is also not particularly limited, but for example it is 1 to 1000 μm.

[0061] Furthermore, if each heat-absorbing and heating section 11 comprises multiple packaging bodies, each containing a nanoporous body 11a wrapped in a first porous section 11b, a laminated structure as shown in Figure 3(b) can be formed by stacking multiple such packaging bodies in the direction of stress application. This facilitates the transport of the fluid coolant to the nanoporous body 11a, thereby further enhancing the heat exchange performance. The number of layers is not particularly limited, but for example, it can range from 2 to 400. The laminated structure can be easily fabricated by constructing the first porous section 11b from the resin described above and enclosing the nanoporous body 11a by heat fusion.

[0062] Furthermore, as an example of the arrangement of the above-mentioned laminated structure, it is also possible to use multiple laminated structures arranged side by side in the X and Y directions, with the stacking direction of the laminated structure being the Z direction. In the X and Y directions, the laminated structures may be in contact with each other or separated from each other. By doing so, it becomes easier to transport the fluid coolant to the nanoporous material, thereby further improving the heat exchange performance.

[0063] (Fluid refrigerant) Examples of fluid refrigerants include water or alcohol. Examples of alcohols include methanol or ethanol. A fluid means a liquid, a gas, or a mixture of a liquid and a gas. Among these, methanol is preferred as the fluid refrigerant. Methanol has a strong interaction with carbon and is easily adsorbed onto nanoporous materials made of carbon. Furthermore, the difference in the amount of adsorption (desorption) before and after stress application is particularly large at low temperatures. Therefore, especially when carbon material is used for the nanoporous material, the amount of desorption when stress is applied increases, and the amount of cooling can increase further.

[0064] (Press mechanism) The press mechanism 3 performs the operations of applying stress to the heat-absorbing and heating section 11 and releasing the said stress. In this way, the press mechanism 3 can control the pore size of the nanoporous material 11a contained in the heat-absorbing and heating section 11 by applying external stress. The pore size of the nanoporous material 11a changes when stress is applied or released, causing the fluid coolant taken into the pores to reversibly undergo a gas-liquid phase transition.

[0065] The configuration of the press mechanism 3 is not particularly limited, as long as it can reciprocate in a direction approaching and moving away from the nanoporous material 11a to apply and release stress to the nanoporous material 11a. For example, the press mechanism 3 can be a mechanical press that utilizes the rotational motion of a motor or a hydraulic press that utilizes fluid pressure such as hydraulics. The press mechanism 3 can apply a stress of, for example, 10 to 100 MPa to the nanoporous material 11a.

[0066] (Detention area) The housing section 13 is a container having a space inside for housing the heat-absorbing section 11 and, if necessary, the heat-conducting section 12. The inside of the housing section 13 is maintained at a low pressure, such as a vacuum or near-vacuum. Therefore, the fluid refrigerant can undergo a phase change from liquid to gas at relatively low temperatures.

[0067] The housing section 13 is preferably made of a material with excellent thermal conductivity, and is preferably made of a metal such as aluminum (Al) or copper (Cu). This allows the heat exchange unit 100 to efficiently exchange heat with the target (e.g., air) through the housing section 13.

[0068] (Control Unit) The heat exchange unit 100 may further include a control unit (not shown). This control unit controls, for example, the operation of the press mechanism 3. The control unit is composed of, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM (Random Access Memory), and a recording medium. The CPU reads a program recorded on the recording medium into the RAM, etc., and performs processing and calculations of the information. In this way, the control unit realizes control of the operation of the press mechanism 3.

[0069] Figure 5 is a plan view showing the airflow 152 and the extension 122 in the air conditioning system 200 according to this embodiment. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the extension 122 shown in Figure 5, cut by the YZ plane passing through the line VI-VI'. The arrows shown in Figures 5 and 6 indicate the airflow (i.e., air current) of the airflow 152. As shown in Figure 5, the air conditioning system 200 includes a blower 151. The blower 151 is connected to the air passage 150 and blows air 152 into the air passage 150. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the extension 122 is, for example, plate-shaped.

[0070] The extension portion 122 is positioned such that the side surface 122c of the plate faces the direction of air flow 152, and the main surface 122a of the plate is parallel or nearly parallel to the direction of air flow 152. In other words, the extension portion 122 is positioned along the direction of air flow 152. The direction of air flow 152 is the direction in which the air flows, and in Figures 5 and 6, it is the direction of the Y-axis arrow.

[0071] A gap G is provided between one extension portion 122 and the other extension portion 122 adjacent to each other in the Z-axis direction. Air 152 flows through the gap G between the extension portions 122. At this time, the air 152 exchanges heat with the main surface 122a of the extension portion 122 facing the gap G by convection or radiation. Because the extension portions 122 are arranged along the direction of air flow 152, the air conditioning unit 200 can efficiently exchange heat between the extension portions 122 and the air 152 while suppressing airflow resistance, and can obtain cool air with high efficiency.

[0072] As described above, the air conditioning system 200 according to this embodiment comprises a heat exchange unit 100, an air passage 150 through which the air 152 that is heat-exchanged by the heat exchange unit 100 flows, and a blower 151 that causes the air 152 to flow within the air passage 150. With this configuration, the heat exchange unit 100 can exchange heat with a substance (for example, air) outside the containment unit 13, using the heat-absorbing / heat-generating section 11, which absorbs or generates heat due to a phase change of a heat-absorbing / heat-generating material, as a heat source. In the heat exchange unit 100, the input energy is the press load from the press mechanism 3, rather than heat input from a heater. Therefore, the air conditioning system 200 can improve its energy efficiency (COP: Coefficiency Of Performance). Furthermore, since the air conditioning system 200 does not require a heater for heat input, it can be miniaturized.

[0073] The following embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention: a heat exchange device according to claim 1 having the features of claim 2; a heat exchange device according to claim 2 having the features of claim 3; a heat exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 having the features of claim 4; a heat exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 having the features of claim 5; and a heat exchange device according to claim 5 having the features of claim 6. [Examples]

[0074] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0075] (Preparation of GMS) GMS has a single-layer graphene backbone and exhibits high porosity and elasticity. The synthesis method for GMS is cited from Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, 2016, 6418-6427.

[0076] Alumina nanoparticles (Sasol, SBa200) were placed in an electric furnace and heated to 1173K in a nitrogen atmosphere. Once 1173K was reached, the nitrogen gas was switched to 20 vol% methane and 80 vol% nitrogen, and carbon was deposited on the surface of the alumina nanoparticles by CVD for 2 hours. After that, the flow was switched to nitrogen only, and the material was cooled to room temperature. The resulting carbon-coated alumina nanoparticles were immersed in hydrofluoric acid (47 wt%, Wako Pure Chemical Industries) to remove the alumina nanoparticles. The resulting mesoporous carbon was calcined in an argon atmosphere (10 Pa) at 2073K to obtain GMS.

[0077] GMS mainly consists of single-layer graphene and possesses high elasticity. Following the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-138620, it was confirmed that the shape of GMS can be reversibly deformed by applying stress. Furthermore, following the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-138620, the desorption / adsorption curves of methanol were measured for GMS under no stress (303K) and under stress of 80 MPa (288K, 293K, 298K, 303K), confirming that desorption / adsorption of methanol and liquid / gas phase change occur reversibly by applying / releasing stress to GMS.

[0078] Furthermore, the average secondary particle size of the obtained GMS powder was measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found to be 20 μm.

[0079] [Reference example 1] GMS powder was placed in a resin mesh pack, methanol was adsorbed onto it, and then it was pressed using a press machine. Figure 7 shows the state of the press machine before and after this pressing process, as captured by a thermal camera. As shown in Figure 7, it can be seen that the liquid methanol flows out of the pack after the pressing process. From this, it is suggested that nanoporous materials such as GMS are suitable as adsorbents in a heat exchange device according to one embodiment of the present invention, and that the cooling efficiency can be improved by further arranging a second porous section in addition to the first porous section.

[0080] [Reference example 2] (Preparation of packaging samples) As the first porous part, a polypropylene (PP) film (pore size 0.064 μm, porosity 55%, thickness 25 μm, contact angle to methanol (25°C) 40°, manufactured by Cellgard Co., Ltd.) was prepared. This polypropylene film was folded and two sides were heat-sealed with a heat sealer to form a bag, and 13 mg of the above GMS powder was placed through the open side. Then, the open side was heat-sealed to create a pack (packaged sample) (14 mm × 14 mm × 0.5 mm) in which the first porous part was arranged around the nanoporous body.

[0081] (Arrangement of the second porous section) A laminated structure was obtained by stacking five of the packaging samples prepared above. Meanwhile, a polypropylene (PP) sponge (pore size 0.5 μm, porosity 75%, contact angle to methanol (25°C) 20°) was prepared as a second porous section. This sponge was cut out and placed on the outer surface of the laminated structure prepared above, excluding the two surfaces perpendicular to the stacking direction, with a width of 1 cm, and fixed with tape. In this way, the heat-absorbing section sample of this reference example was prepared.

[0082] [Comparison Example 3] As the first porous section, a polypropylene (PP) filter cloth (air permeability 7 cm / s, thickness 0.32 mm, manufactured by Nakao Filter Co., Ltd.) was prepared. Two of these polypropylene filter cloths were stacked and three sides were heat-sealed together using a heat sealer to form a bag, and 20 mg of the above-mentioned GMS powder was placed through the open side. Then, the open side was heat-sealed again, and the outside of the heat-sealed area was cut off to obtain a packaged sample (14 mm × 14 mm × 1.1 mm).

[0083] On the other hand, for the second porous section, a sample of the heat-absorbing section of this comparative reference example was prepared using the same procedure as in Reference Example 2 described above.

[0084] [Evaluation of heat absorption performance] The heat absorption performance of the heat absorption section samples obtained in Reference Example 2 and Comparative Reference Example 3 above was evaluated.

[0085] First, each sample was immersed in methanol for 1 hour. After that, the methanol on the sample surface was removed, and the sample was placed on the stage of the experimental apparatus. A copper (Cu) plate, which serves as a heat conductor, was placed on the top surface and set using a jig. Then, the copper plate was pressed from above with a piston at 80 MPa. The temperature change of the copper plate during this process was measured using a thermometer. The results are shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 is a graph showing the temperature change of the copper plate over time, showing the results of measuring the heat absorption performance of the heat absorption and heat absorption section samples of Reference Example 2 and Comparative Reference Example 3. As shown in Figure 8, it was confirmed that the temperature change during heat absorption (temperature drop of the copper plate) was larger in the sample of Reference Example 2, which has a second porous section with a predetermined configuration, compared to Comparative Reference Example 3, which does not have such a second porous section. [Explanation of symbols]

[0086] 1 unit body, 3 Press mechanism, 11. Heat-absorbing and heat-generating section, 11a Nanoporous material, 11b First porous section, 11c Second porous section, 12 Heat conduction section, 13 containment section, 31 first clamping body; 32 second clamping body; 33 Shaft section, 100 heat exchange units, 121 Contact area, 122 Extension, 122a main surface, 122c side, 150 air passages, 151 Blower, 152 Air, 200 Air conditioning equipment, G Gap.

Claims

1. A nanoporous body comprising a nanoporous material that can contract to detach a fluid refrigerant and expand to adsorb the fluid refrigerant, A first porous portion is disposed adjacent to the surface of the nanoporous body, is permeable to the fluid refrigerant, and does not permeate the nanoporous material, A second porous portion is provided adjacent to the first porous portion and is arranged to be exposed to the gas phase, having a contact angle (25°C) with respect to the fluid refrigerant that is smaller than that of the first porous portion, and / or having a larger pore diameter than that of the first porous portion. A heat-absorbing and heat-generating part having elasticity, A press mechanism that performs the operation of applying stress to the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section and the operation of releasing the stress, A housing section for housing the heat-absorbing and heat-generating section, A heat exchanger having

2. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, further comprising a heat conduction portion having a contact portion that contacts and is thermally connected to the heat absorption portion inside the housing portion, and an extension portion that extends outward from the housing portion.

3. The heat exchange apparatus according to claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the second porous portion is thermally connected to the heat conduction portion.

4. The heat exchange apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least a portion of the second porous portion is interposed between a plurality of the first porous portions.

5. The heat exchange apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the second porous portion exposed to the gas phase has an uneven shape.

6. The heat exchange apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second porous portion has a hollow structure, the inner surface of the hollow structure is exposed to the gas phase, and at least a portion of the inner surface has an uneven shape.

Images