Energy storage device

Abstract

To provide a structure of a power storage device in which side reactions other than a battery reaction, such as discoloration of a separator, are unlikely to occur by solving a problem in which, when cellulose is used as the separator, an ionic liquid is impregnated with cellulose, and when charging and discharging are repeated with this separator in contact with the surface of the current collector, the separator is discolored.SOLUTION: A separator impregnated with an ionic liquid is a power storage device having a structure that does not come into contact with the surface of a current collector. The separator has a tubular shape, a bag shape, or a sheet shape. The separator has cellulose. The power storage device with the ionic liquid is volatile and flame retardant. The power storage device can be bent.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to an energy storage device. An energy storage device is defined as an element having an energy storage function. This refers to all types of devices. Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned technical field. i. The technical field of one aspect of the invention disclosed herein relates to a product, method, or manufacturing method. This is what it is. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, and This relates to composition of matter. Therefore, to be more specific The technical fields of one aspect of the present invention disclosed herein include semiconductor devices, display devices, Liquid crystal display devices, light-emitting devices, lighting devices, energy storage devices, memory devices, imaging devices, and methods for driving them. Examples include, or, methods for manufacturing them. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, non-aqueous secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and lithium-ion capacitors have been developed. Development of various energy storage devices, such as LICs and air batteries, is actively underway. In particular, high output and high Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, which have high energy density, are used in mobile phones, smartphones, and laptops. Computers and other portable information terminals, portable music players, digital cameras and other electrical equipment, This includes medical devices, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), electric vehicles (EVs), or plug-in hybrid vehicles. Next-generation clean energy vehicles such as hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and the development of the semiconductor industry. Along with this, demand for it is rapidly expanding, and it is becoming a source of rechargeable energy for modern information technology companies. It has become an indispensable part of the meeting.

[0003] Most commonly used lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are made of ethylene carbonate and propylene. Carbonate, fluorinated cyclic ester, fluorinated chain ester, fluorinated Organic solvents such as cyclic ethers or fluorinated chain ethers, and lithium ions Using a non-aqueous electrolyte (also called a non-aqueous electrolyte or simply an electrolyte) containing a lithium salt having Here, fluorinated cyclic esters refer to cyclic esters having alkyl fluoride. This refers to cyclic esters, like esters, in which hydrogen atoms in a compound are replaced by fluorine atoms. Therefore, fluorinated linear esters, fluorinated cyclic ethers or fluorinated In the case of chain ethers, this refers to those in which hydrogen atoms in the compound are replaced by fluorine atoms.

[0004] However, organic solvents are volatile and have a low flash point, and this organic solvent is lithium iodine When used in secondary batteries, internal issues such as internal short circuits and overcharging can occur in lithium-ion secondary batteries. There is a possibility that lithium-ion secondary batteries may rupture or catch fire due to rising temperatures. Some organic solvents undergo hydrolysis to produce hydrofluoric acid, which corrodes metals. Therefore, there are concerns about the reliability of the battery.

[0005] Considering the above issues, an ionic liquid that is non-volatile and flame-retardant is used in lithium-ion secondary batteries. It is being considered for use as a non-aqueous solvent for non-aqueous electrolytes in ponds. For example, ethylmethyl Ionic liquids containing midazolium (EMI) cations, or N-methyl-N-propyl propyl ions. Examples include ionic liquids containing perizinium (PP13) cations (see Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-331918 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] Unlike polymer solid electrolytes, ionic liquids can be impregnated into separators. By impregnating as described above, the energy storage device can be made thinner. A thin energy storage device is easier to bend. It is lightweight.

[0008] However, side reactions other than the battery reaction may occur. Reaction generation due to these side reactions Depending on the material, energy storage devices can sometimes deteriorate.

[0009] For example, if cellulose is used as a separator, the ionic liquid will be impregnated into the cellulose. If this separator is repeatedly charged and discharged while in contact with the surface of the current collector, the separator will It was found that it discolors.

[0010] The discolored separator contained reaction products. This is a cycle measurement for the energy storage device. During this process, the separator reacts with the ionic liquid and the positive electrode current collector, causing side reactions other than the battery reaction. This is thought to be because a high voltage is applied to the positive electrode current collector located on the outside. This is considered to be the reason for inducing the side reaction. The above side reaction resulted in inferior cycle characteristics. It is thought that this accelerated the transformation.

[0011] Furthermore, it is believed that the above-mentioned side reactions can occur not only in the positive electrode current collector but also in the negative electrode current collector. When the negative electrode is positioned on the outside, the surface of the negative electrode current collector comes into contact with the separator. This is because the conditions under which high voltage is applied to the negative electrode current collector are the same as those for the positive electrode current collector. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] In view of the above, one aspect of the present invention relates to an energy storage device having an ionic liquid and a separator. This provides a structure that is less likely to produce reaction products.

[0013] One aspect of the present invention relates to an energy storage device in which an ionic liquid is impregnated in a separator, and the reaction It provides a structure that is less likely to produce products.

[0014] One aspect of the present invention provides a novel energy storage device.

[0015] One aspect of the present invention is an energy storage device having a structure in which the separator does not come into contact with the surface of the current collector. Current collectors include positive electrode current collectors and negative electrode current collectors.

[0016] In the above structure, there is no problem even if the separator is in contact with the active material. Therefore, If the structure has active material on both sides of the current collector, then the current collector surface will not come into contact with the separator. Data can be placed.

[0017] One aspect of the present invention is that the separator is cylindrical and easy to handle, and the separator This prevents short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0018] One aspect of the present invention has a laminated structure in which a plurality of negative electrodes and positive electrodes are arranged in sequence. The separator can surround any electrode other than the outer electrode. Do not place a separator between the electrodes.

[0019] One aspect of the present invention is an energy storage device having a structure in which an electrolyte is in contact with the separator. When an ionic liquid is used as the electrolyte, the separator is impregnated with the ionic liquid.

[0020] One aspect of the present invention is an energy storage device having cellulose as a separator.

[0021] One aspect of the present invention is that, in the area not in contact with the current collector, the separator takes on a variety of shapes. It is possible. For example, a separator can have an opening. The parator is positioned so as not to short-circuit the positive and negative electrodes, and so as not to come into contact with the current collector. Place it there.

[0022] One aspect of the present invention is a flexible energy storage device. In the flexible energy storage device, the separator is open Forming the mouth section makes it easier to bend. Note that describing these issues does not preclude the existence of other issues. This does not mean that all of these problems are solved. Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention does not necessarily solve all of these problems. It is not necessary. Furthermore, other issues will naturally be identified from the description in the specification, drawings, claims, etc. This becomes clear, and other issues can be extracted from the description in the specification, drawings, claims, etc. It is possible to release it. [Effects of the Invention]

[0023] According to one aspect of the present invention, reaction products are less likely to be generated, and deterioration of the characteristics of the energy storage device is prevented. It is possible.

[0024] According to one aspect of the present invention, since an ionic liquid is used, an energy storage device using other electrolytes is not available. In comparison, this provides an energy storage device that exhibits low volatility and flame retardancy.

[0025] According to one aspect of the present invention, a novel energy storage device can be provided.

[0026] Furthermore, the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. One embodiment does not necessarily have to possess all of these effects. Furthermore, other effects may be considered. This will become clear from the description in the specification, drawings, claims, etc., and the specification, drawings It is possible to extract effects other than those mentioned above from the descriptions in the surfaces, claims, etc. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0027] [Figure 1] A diagram illustrating the structure of an energy storage device according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] A diagram illustrating the structure of an energy storage device according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] A diagram illustrating the structure of a separator according to one embodiment. [Figure 4] A diagram illustrating the structure of an energy storage device according to one embodiment. [Figure 5] A diagram illustrating the structure of an energy storage device according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] A diagram illustrating the structure of a separator according to one embodiment. [Figure 7] A diagram illustrating the structure of an energy storage device according to one embodiment. [Figure 8] A graph illustrating the cycle characteristics of an energy storage device according to one embodiment. [Figure 9] A diagram illustrating electrical equipment. [Figure 10] A diagram illustrating electrical equipment. [Figure 11] A diagram illustrating electrical equipment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0028] Embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, its form and details may be modified in various ways. Those skilled in the art will readily understand what is possible. Therefore, the present invention is as shown in the following embodiments. The description is not limited to the contents of the above. Therefore, the same reference numeral is used in common across different drawings for parts that are the same or have similar functions. I will omit the explanation of that repetition.

[0029] (Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, the structure of a secondary battery is such that a cylindrical separator is arranged to surround the negative electrode. explain.

[0030] Figure 1(A) is a perspective view showing multiple negative electrodes and multiple positive electrodes as electrodes. Let's designate one of the poles, the negative pole, as 101. Let's designate two of the multiple positive poles as 102 and 103. The positive electrode 102 is positioned on the outside of the laminated structure. The positive electrode 103 is positioned on the outside of the laminated structure. It is positioned inside the structure. Each electrode is provided with a tab 116. The tabs are positioned so that they overlap, and the negative terminal tabs overlap.

[0031] Figure 1(B) shows a corresponding cross-sectional view of the laminated structure at A1-A2 in Figure 1(A).

[0032] The positive electrode is positioned opposite the negative electrode, and they overlap each other. This allows you to increase the capacity.

[0033] The negative electrode 101 has a negative electrode current collector 111, and active material 122 is present on both sides of the negative electrode current collector 111. It has the same structure. The other negative electrodes have the same structure. These negative electrodes are arranged inside the layered structure. It is.

[0034] The positive electrode 102 has a positive electrode current collector 112a and has an active material 123a on one side. The positive electrode 102, which has material 123a, is positioned on the outside of the stacked structure in Figure 1. The positive electrode current collector 112a is on the outside of the energy storage device, and the surface of the positive electrode current collector 112a is exposed. The inner positive electrode 103 has a positive electrode current collector 112b and active material 123b on both sides. The other positive electrodes positioned inside the layered structure have the same structure.

[0035] The separator 113 is positioned to surround the negative electrode 101. Exposed positive electrode current collector The separator 113 should be positioned so that it does not come into contact with 112a.

[0036] As shown in Figure 1(B), the negative electrode 101, positive electrode 102, and positive electrode 103 are connected to the outer casing 150 It is housed in the outer casing 150, which is filled with ionic liquid 151. Separator 113 may be impregnated with ionic liquid 151. If impregnated, polymer solid electrolyte Compared to other methods, this allows for a thinner energy storage device.

[0037] The separator 113 only needs to surround the negative electrode 101. The end 114 of the separator 113 Therefore, it is good if the separators 113 are in close contact with each other. That is, the ends 11 of the separators 113 In step 4, the separators 113 can be brought into close contact with each other, thereby fixing the negative electrode 101 in place.

[0038] In an energy storage device, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are in close contact with each other. Making the energy storage device thinner Yes, it's possible. The positive and negative electrodes can be fixed in place.

[0039] A battery is formed in the regions where the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material face each other. The capacity of the energy storage device can be increased.

[0040] In Figures 1(A) and (B), some steps are omitted, but to set the battery capacity to 300mAh... The energy storage device has the following layered structure: Five positive electrodes 103, each with active material on both sides, There are two positive electrodes 102 with active material on one side, and six negative electrodes 101 with active material on both sides. The number of sheets and the number of separators 113 were set to 6. Note that the arrangement of the separators will affect the separators. The number of components can be reduced. A lighter energy storage device can be provided.

[0041] A set of batteries is formed in the region where the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material face each other, as shown in Figure 1. The energy storage devices A) and (B) have a structure in which 12 sets of batteries are stacked. Based on the battery capacity The number of layers can be determined.

[0042] The separator 113 is positioned to surround the negative electrode 101. Considering the problems of the conventional example, The parator 113 only needs to be positioned so that it does not come into contact with the surface of the positive electrode current collector 112a. The electrodes surrounded by the separator 113 can be any electrodes that have active material on both sides.

[0043] Although not shown in Figures 1(A) and (B), the surface of the positive electrode current collector 112a is exposed on the outside. A protective film may be formed against it. The protective film contains ionic liquids compared to cellulose. These are materials that do not require immersion, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, and nylon. Polyester, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene Materials such as lafluoroethylene can be used.

[0044] The constituent materials and other elements of the above structure will now be explained.

[0045] <About separators> A separator is placed between the positive and negative electrodes to prevent contact between them. The separator has micropores so as not to hinder the movement of ions between the positive and negative electrodes. These micropores allow the passage of electrolytes other than solids. The separator is used in energy storage devices. Depending on the environment in which it will be used, it is best to choose one that does not change its state easily. Fewer is preferable. Even if a change of state occurs, it is sufficient if the positive and negative electrodes do not come into contact.

[0046] The separator can be made of, for example, cellulose. The thickness of the separator is 5 The particle size should be between 100 μm and 40 μm and 60 μm. The separator may have a laminated structure. The same separator material may be laminated, or different separator materials may be laminated. The materials may be laminated.

[0047] A cylindrical shape is preferable for ease of handling. This is because, after sealing in the negative electrode, etc., it can be positioned so as to overlap with the positive electrode, etc.

[0048] If it is cylindrical, even if the energy storage device is bent, the positive and negative electrodes are less likely to come into contact, which is preferable. It is difficult. When bending the energy storage device, even if the negative electrode shifts from its designated position, the cylindrical separator will... If the negative electrode is sealed, it can be prevented from protruding from the separator.

[0049] Such a cylindrical shape is one having a first opening and a second opening. It is positioned opposite the second opening. The cylindrical part has a hollow structure.

[0050] A positive or negative electrode is sealed into the above hollow structure. Separates are used to make it thin and flat. The positive and negative electrodes are brought into close contact. The hollow structure will be compressed.

[0051] The separator may have a bag-like shape. The bag-like shape has one opening. The bag-like shape is cylindrical. Compared to that, it has fewer openings, but it shares the common feature of having a hollow structure. The positive or negative electrode within the air structure is less exposed, and contact between the positive and negative electrodes is reduced. .

[0052] Considering the function of the separator, it may be in the form of a thin film (sheet). Multiple thin films A positive or negative electrode can be placed between the separators.

[0053] <About ionic liquids> Ionic liquids are salts in a liquid state and have high ion mobility (conductivity). The body contains cations and anions. Ionic liquids are imidazolium-based ionic liquids, or There are pyridinium-based ionic liquids.

[0054] Examples of cations in ionic liquids include heterocyclic cations, aromatic cations, and quaternary ammonium cations. Thione, quaternary sulfonium cation, quaternary phosphonium cation, tertiary sulfonium cation ON, acyclic quaternary ammonium cation or acyclic quaternary phosphonium cation, aromatic Examples include cations, etc. However, the cations are not limited to these.

[0055] As anions in ionic liquids, monovalent amide anions, monovalent methide anions, and f Luorosulfonate anion (SO3F - ), perfluoroalkyl sulfonate anion, Tetrafluoroborate (BF4 - ), perfluoroalkyl borate, hexafluoro Phosphate (PF6) - Examples include ) or perfluoroalkyl phosphates, etc. And, as a monovalent amide anion, (Cn F 2n+1 (SO2)2N - (0 ≦ n ≦ 3 )、Examples of the monovalent cyclic amide-based anion include CF2(CF2SO2)2N - and so on . Examples of the monovalent methide-based anion include (C n F 2n+1 (SO2)3C - (0 ≦ n ≦ 3), Examples of the monovalent cyclic methide-based anion include CF2(CF2SO2)2C - (CF3SO2 ) and so on. Examples of the perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid anion include (C m F 2m+1 S O3) - (0 ≦ m ≦ 4) and so on. Examples of the perfluoroalkyl borate include {BF n (C m H k F 2m+1-k ) 4-n} - (0 ≦ n ≦ 3, 1 ≦ m ≦ 4, 0 ≦ k ≦ 2m) and so on There are. Examples of the perfluoroalkyl phosphate include {PF n (C m H k F<00…… The anion is not limited to these.

[0056] As the ionic liquid, the following general formula (G1) can be used.

[0057] [Chemical formula]

[0058] The anion (A - ) in the general formula (G1) is a monovalent amide-based anion, a monovalent methide-based a ​​​​​​​anion, fluorosulfonate anion (SO3F - ), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid Anions, tetrafluoroborate (BF4 - ), perfluoroalkyl borate, also is hexafluorophosphate (PF6 - ), using perfluoroalkyl phosphates, etc. It can be. And as a monovalent amide anion, (C n F 2n+1 SO2 )2N - (0≦n≦3), monovalent cyclic amide anions include CF2(CF2SO2) )2N - These include (C n F 2n+1 SO2)3C - (0≦n≦3), a monovalent cyclic methide anion is CF2(CF2SO2)2 C - Examples include (CF3SO2). Perfluoroalkyl sulfonate anions include, (C m F 2m+1 SO3) - Examples include (0≦m≦4). Perfluoroalkyl borates. As for, {BF n (C m H k F 2m+1-k ) 4-n} - (0≦n≦3, 1≦m≦4, Examples include {PF (0 ≤ k ≤ 2m)). Perfluoroalkyl phosphates include {PF n (C m H k F 2m+1-k ) 6-n} - (e.g., 0≦n≦5, 1≦m≦4, 0≦k≦2m) Anions are not limited to these.

[0059] In the cation of general formula (G1), R 1 ~R 5 This refers to hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms with 1 or more carbon atoms. Any of the alkyl groups, methoxy groups, methoxymethyl groups, or methoxyethyl groups with a value of 0 or less It represents R. 1 ~R 5 One of them is an alkyl group or methoxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms. If it is either a methoxymethyl group or a methoxyethyl group, the other four are hydrogen atoms. That is. R 1 ~R 5 Two of these are alkyl groups, methoxy groups, and groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. If it is either a methoxymethyl group or a methoxyethyl group, the other three are hydrogen atoms. Yes. 1 ~R 5 Three of these are alkyl groups, methoxy groups, and methyl groups, which have 1 to 20 carbon atoms. If it is either a toxicmethyl group or a methoxyethyl group, the other two are hydrogen atoms. R 1 ~R 5 Four of these are alkyl groups, methoxy groups, and metyo groups, which have 1 to 20 carbon atoms. If it is either a ximethyl group or a methoxyethyl group, the other is a hydrogen atom. .

[0060] As a general formula (G1), the specific structure of the cation is, for example, structural formula (100) or... Formula (116) is an example. Note that the R of the cation of general formula (G1) 1 and R 5 is, Piperi Gin's N + and R 3 It exhibits symmetry with respect to the line segment connecting and . Also, the general formula (G1) Thione's R 2 and R 4 The following also exhibits symmetry. For example, the following structural formula (101), or structure In equation (102), the cation R 1, or R 2 This shows a version in which a methyl group has been introduced. These equivalent structural formulas are not shown. That is, in structural formula (101), R 1 Instead teR 5 Structural formula having a methyl group, in structural formula (102) R 2 Instead of R 4 methyl The structural formulas containing the group are equivalent to structural formula (101) and structural formula (102), respectively, and are the same Due to its properties, it is not shown in the illustration. The same applies to the other structural formulas below. Note that it is a cation. This is not limited to these.

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[0063] The following general formula (G2) can be used as the ionic liquid.

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[0065] Anion (A) in the general formula (G2) - ) are monovalent amide anions, monovalent methide anions anions, fluorosulfonate anions, fluoroalkyl sulfonate anions, tetraf Luoroborates, fluoroalkylborates, hexafluorophosphates, or fluoloborates It represents one of the oroalkyl phosphates. Note that anions are not limited to these. do not have.

[0066] In the cation of general formula (G2), R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R 2 to R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 5 represents a main chain composed of 4 or more atoms selected from the atoms C, O, Si, N, S, and P

[0067] Also, a substituent may be introduced into the main chain of R 5 . Examples of the substituent to be introduced include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and the like

[0068] In the general formula (G2), the substituent having a main chain composed of 4 or more atoms selected from the atoms C, O, Si, N, S, and P is R , but it is not limited to this, and R 5 or R 2 or R 3 may be a substituent having a main chain composed of 4 or more atoms selected from the atoms C , O, Si, N, S, and P. Also, there may be a plurality of substituents having a main chain composed of 4 or more atoms selected from the atoms C, O, Si, N, S, and P. For example, substituents such as R and R , R 1 and R 5 , R 2 and R 5 , R 2 and R 3 , R 1 ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ The single bond between oxygen atoms is very fragile and highly reactive, potentially making it explosive. Therefore, it is not suitable for energy storage devices.

[0070] For example, structural formula (201) to structural formula are examples of cations in the above general formula (G2). (243), Structural formula (301) to Structural formula (327), Structural formula (401) to Structural formula (4) 04), Structural formula (501) to Structural formula (527), Structural formula (601) to Structural formula (604) ), structural formula (701) to structural formula (704), structural formula (801) to structural formula (804), Structural formulas (901) to (904) and structural formulas (911) to (923) are examples. It is possible. Furthermore, cations are not limited to these.

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[0088] [Chemical formula]

[0089] In the above structural formula, when the substituents on N are different, the symmetry decreases, resulting in a decrease in the melting point. Therefore, for example, it is possible to suppress a decrease in ionic conductivity even in an environment lower than room temperature. [[ID=十六]]It is possible to.

[0090] In addition, by introducing an electron-donating substituent such as a methyl group or a methoxy group into the heterocyclic ring, the electron density of the heterocyclic ring can be attenuated, and a stable potential range (also referred to as a potential window) can be widened, and the reduction resistance becomes stronger. Therefore, the cycle characteristics when used in a power storage device can be improved. The electron density of the heterocyclic ring can be attenuated, and a stable potential range (also referred to as a potential window) can be widened, and the reduction resistance becomes stronger. Therefore, the cycle characteristics when used in a power storage device can be improved. Since the reduction resistance becomes stronger, the cycle characteristics when used in a power storage device can be improved. Note that it is more effective to introduce the electron-donating substituent at the ortho position of the heterocyclic ring.

[0091] In addition, as the ionic liquid, the general formula (G3) shown below can be used.

[0092] [Chemical formula]

[0093] The anion (A - ) in the general formula (G3) is a monovalent amide-based anion, a monovalent methide-based anion, a fluorosulfonic acid anion (SO3F ), a perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid anion, a tetrafluoroborate (BF4 - ), a perfluoroalkyl borate, and also a hexafluorophosphate (PF6 - ), a perfluoroalkyl phosphate, etc. can be used. And as the monovalent amide-based anion, (C - ) can be used. And as the monovalent amide-based anion, (C n F2n+1 SO2 )2N - (0≦n≦3), monovalent cyclic amide anions include CF2(CF2SO2) )2N - These include (C n F 2n+1 SO2)3C - (0≦n≦3), a monovalent cyclic methide anion is CF2(CF2SO2)2 C - Examples include (CF3SO2). Perfluoroalkyl sulfonate anions include, (C m F 2m+1 SO3) - Examples include (0≦m≦4). Perfluoroalkyl borates. As for, {BF n (C m H k F 2m+1-k ) 4-n} - (0≦n≦3, 1≦m≦4, Examples include {PF (0 ≤ k ≤ 2m)). Perfluoroalkyl phosphates include {PF n (C m H k F 2m+1-k ) 6-n} - (e.g., 0≦n≦5, 1≦m≦4, 0≦k≦2m) Anions are not limited to these.

[0094] In the cation of general formula (G3), R 1 This represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. And, R 2 ~R 5 Of these, one or two are alkyl groups, methyl groups, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It represents one of the following groups: a methyl group, a methoxymethyl group, or a methoxyethyl group, and the other three or two are Let's consider it a hydrogen atom.

[0095] In the general formula (G3), examples of the cation include structural formulas (250) to structural formula (2 69). Note that the R of the cation in the general formula (G3) 2 and R 5 are symmetric about the line segment connecting the midpoint of the N of pyrrolidine + and R 3 and R 4 . Also, the R of the cation in the general formula ( G3) and R 3 and R 4 similarly have symmetry.

[0096] In the following structural formula (251) or structural formula (252), the R of the cation<00,00133>, or R 3 is shown with a methyl group introduced, but based on the above symmetry, equivalent structural formulas are not shown in the figure . That is, in structural formula (251), when R is replaced with R 2 and R 5 [[ID=?]]has a methyl group, the structural formula, and in structural formula (252), when R is replaced with R 3 and R 4 has a methyl group, the structural formula is respectively , equivalent to structural formula (251) and structural formula (252), and has the same properties, so it is not shown . Also, the same applies to the following other structural formulas. Note that the cation is not limited to these .

[0097]

Chemical formula

[0098] Also, ionic liquids such as those with a 5-membered ring like general formula (G2) and general formula (G 3) have lower viscosity and improved ionic conductivity than ionic liquids with a 6-membered ring like general formula (G1).

[0099] Also, as the ionic liquid, it may contain a spiro ring compound. For example, as the spiro ring Using a compound represented by the following general formula (G4), which combines a five-membered ring and a five-membered ring is possible.

[0100]

Chemical formula

[0101] The anion (A - ) in the general formula (G4) is a monovalent amide-based anion, a monovalent methide-based anion, a fluorosulfonic acid anion (SO3F - ), a perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid anion, a tetrafluoroborate (BF4 - ), a perfluoroalkylborate, or also a hexafluorophosphate (PF6 - )]] - ), a perfluoroalkylphosphate, etc. can be used. And as the monovalent amide-based anion, (C n F 2n+1 SO2 )2N - (0≦n≦3), and as the monovalent cyclic amide-based anion, CF2(CF2SO2 )2N - etc. exist. As the monovalent methide-based anion, (C n F 2n+1 SO2)3C - (0≦n≦3), and as the monovalent cyclic methide-based anion, CF2(CF2SO2)2 C - (CF3SO2) etc. exist. As the perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid anion, (C m F 2m+1 SO3) - (0≦m≦4) etc. exist. As the perfluoroalkylborate is {BF n (C m H<000s01s6>F 2m+1-k ) 4-n} -(0≦n≦3, 1≦m≦4, Examples include {PF (0 ≤ k ≤ 2m)). Perfluoroalkyl phosphates include {PF n (C m H k F 2m+1-k ) 6-n} - (e.g., 0≦n≦5, 1≦m≦4, 0≦k≦2m) Anions are not limited to these.

[0102] In the cation of general formula (G4), R 1 ~R 8 A hydrogen atom has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The linear or branched alkyl groups below, linear or branched groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A chain-like alkoxy group, or a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Represents a cyalkyl group.

[0103] Furthermore, the spiro ring may be a combination of a five-membered ring and a six-membered ring. For example, the general formula shown below ( G5) can be used. However, the cations are not limited to these.

[0104] [ka]

[0105] Anion (A) in the general formula (G5) - ) are monovalent amide anions, monovalent methide anions anion, fluorosulfonate anion (SO3F - ), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid Anions, tetrafluoroborate (BF4 - ), perfluoroalkyl borate, also is hexafluorophosphate (PF6 - ), using perfluoroalkyl phosphates, etc. It can be. And as a monovalent amide anion, (Cn F 2n+1 SO2 )2N - (0≦n≦3), monovalent cyclic amide anions include CF2(CF2SO2) )2N - These include (C n F 2n+1 SO2)3C - (0≦n≦3), a monovalent cyclic methide anion is CF2(CF2SO2)2 C - Examples include (CF3SO2). Perfluoroalkyl sulfonate anions include, (C m F 2m+1 SO3) - Examples include (0≦m≦4). Perfluoroalkyl borates. As for, {BF n (C m H k F 2m+1-k ) 4-n} - (0≦n≦3, 1≦m≦4, Examples include {PF (0 ≤ k ≤ 2m)). Perfluoroalkyl phosphates include {PF n (C m H k F 2m+1-k ) 6-n} - (e.g., 0≦n≦5, 1≦m≦4, 0≦k≦2m) Anions are not limited to these.

[0106] In the cation of general formula (G5), R 1 ~R 9 A hydrogen atom has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The linear or branched alkyl groups below, linear or branched groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A chain-like alkoxy group, or a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Represents a cyalkyl group.

[0107] In addition to the above spiro rings, combinations of five-membered rings and seven-membered rings, combinations of six-membered rings and seven-membered rings, combinations of seven-membered rings and seven-membered rings, etc. may also be used. General formula (G4), general formula (G5) , spiro rings combined with a five-membered ring and a seven-membered ring, spiro rings combined with a six-membered ring and a seven-membered ring, and spiro rings combined with a seven-membered ring and a seven-membered ring. Specific examples of the cations of these spiro rings include, for example, structural formula (13 00) to structural formula (1497). Similar to general formula (G3), structural formulas with the same properties and equivalence based on symmetry are described while avoiding duplication. Note that the cations are not limited to these.

[0108] [Chemical formula]

[0109] [Chemical formula]

[0110] [Chemical formula]

[0111] [Chemical formula]

[0112] [Chemical formula]

[0113] [Chemical formula]

[0114] [Chemical formula] ​

[0115]

change

[0116]

change

[0117]

change

[0118]

change

[0119]

change

[0120]

change

[0121]

change

[0122]

change

[0123]

change

[0124]

change

[0125]

change

[0126] Furthermore, examples of electrolytes to be dissolved in the above compound include LiPF6, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiBF4, LiAlCl4, LiSCN, LiBr, LiI, Li2S O4, Li2B 10 Cl 10 Li2B 12 Cl 12 LiCF3SO3, LiC4F9 SO3, LiC(CF3SO2)3, LiC(C2F5SO2)3, LiN(CF3SO 2)2, LiN(FSO2)2, LiN(C4F9SO2)(CF3SO2), LiN( One lithium salt such as C2F5SO2)2, or any combination of two or more of these. It can be used in combination and in proportion.

[0127] <About the positive electrode current collector> The positive electrode current collector is made of materials such as stainless steel, gold, platinum, zinc, iron, copper, aluminum, and titanium. Highly conductive materials such as silicon and its alloys can be used. Elements that improve heat resistance, such as titanium, neodymium, scandium, and molybdenum, are added. Aluminum alloys can be used. Furthermore, they react with silicon to form silicides. It may be formed from a metallic element that reacts with silicon to form a silicide. For example, zirconium, titanium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, Examples include molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, and nickel. Positive electrode current collectors are foil-shaped, plate-shaped, etc. Appropriate shapes such as sheet, mesh, perforated metal, and expanded metal can be used. This can be done. The positive electrode current collector should preferably have a thickness of 10 μm to 30 μm.

[0128] <Regarding the positive electrode active material> For the positive electrode active material, compounds such as LiFeO2, LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, V2 O5, Cr2O5, MnO2, etc. can be used as materials.

[0129] Or, a lithium-containing composite salt (general formula LiMPO4 (M is one or more of Fe(II), Mn(II ), Co(II), Ni(II))) can be used. Representative examples of the general formula LiMPO 4 include LiFePO4, LiNiPO4, LiCoPO4, LiMnPO 4, LiFe a Ni b PO4, LiFe a Co b PO4, LiFe a Mn b PO4, Li Ni a Co b PO4, LiNi a Mn b PO4 (a + b is 1 or less, 0 < a < 1, 0 < b < 1), LiFe c Ni d Co e PO4, LiFe c Ni d Mn e PO4, LiNi c Co d Mn e PO4 (c + d + e is 1 or less, 0 < c < 1, 0 < d < 1, 0 < e < 1), LiF e f Ni g Co h Mn<于 i PO4 (f + g + h + i is 1 or less, 0 < f < 1, 0 < g < 1, 0 <h < 1, 0 < i < 1), etc. of lithium compounds can be used as the active material.

[0130] Or, the general formula Li2MSiO4 (M is Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) Lithium-containing composite salts such as Ni(II) (one or more) can be used. General formula Li2 Typical examples of MSiO4 include Li2FeSiO4, Li2NiSiO4, and Li2CoS iO4, Li2MnSiO4, Li2Fe k Ni l SiO4, Li2Fe k Co l SiO 4. Li2Fe k Mn l SiO4, Li2Ni k Co l SiO4, Li2Ni k Mn l S iO4(k+l is less than or equal to 1, 0 <k<1、0<l<1)、Li2Fe m Ni n Co q SiO 4. Li2Fe m Ni n Mn q SiO4, Li2Ni m Co n Mn q SiO4(m+n+ q is less than or equal to 1, 0 <m<1、0<n<1、0<q<1)、Li2Fe r Ni s Co t Mn u SiO4(r+s+t+u is less than or equal to 1, 0 <r<1、0<s<1、0<t<1、0<u<1 Lithium compounds such as ) can be used as materials.

[0131] Furthermore, the carrier ions may include alkali metal ions other than lithium ions, or alkaline earth metals. In the case of metal ions, the positive electrode active material layer consists of the above-mentioned lithium compound and lithium-containing composite salt. In this case, instead of lithium, alkali metals (for example, sodium or potassium, etc.) Earth metals (e.g., calcium, strontium, barium, beryllium, magnesium) You may also use (such as zinc).

[0132] The positive electrode active material layer may contain, in addition to the positive electrode active material, a conductive additive and a binder (binding agent). stomach.

[0133] <About the negative electrode current collector> The negative electrode current collector is made of a highly conductive material that does not alloy with carrier ions such as lithium. It has a material. For example, stainless steel, iron, copper, nickel, or titanium can be used. Furthermore, the negative electrode current collector can be foil-shaped, plate-shaped (sheet-shaped), mesh-shaped, perforated metal-shaped, extract A shape such as pandometal can be used as appropriate. The negative electrode current collector has a thickness of 10 μm or more. It is best to use particles with a size of 30 μm or less.

[0134] <About the negative electrode active material> The negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of intercalating and deintercalating carrier ions. Examples include lithium metal, carbon-based materials, silicon, silicon alloys, and tin. Carbon-based materials capable of lithium ion insertion and removal include amorphous or crystalline materials. A carbon material having the properties of, for example, powdered or fibrous graphite can be used.

[0135] The negative electrode active material layer may contain, in addition to the negative electrode active material, a conductive additive and a binder (binding agent). stomach.

[0136] In this embodiment, the structure of an energy storage device having a separator surrounding the negative electrode has been described, but the separator The design should ensure that the meter does not come into contact with the surface of the current collector.

[0137] With the above structure, in an energy storage device having an ionic liquid and a separator, reaction generation It is possible to provide a structure that is less prone to the formation of unwanted substances.

[0138] In this embodiment, one aspect of the present invention has been described. Or, other embodiments may be described. In this context, one aspect of the present invention will be described. However, this aspect of the present invention is not limited to these. Not done. In other words, various aspects of the invention are described in this embodiment and other embodiments. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to a specific aspect. For example, one aspect of the present invention As an example, an example of its application to lithium-ion secondary batteries has been shown, but one aspect of the present invention is this This is not limited to the present invention. Depending on the circumstances, one aspect of the present invention may apply to various situations. Secondary batteries, lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion polymer secondary batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel Lu-cadmium batteries, nickel-iron batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, silver oxide-zinc batteries Ponds, solid-state batteries, air batteries, primary batteries, capacitors, or lithium-ion capacitors, This may also be applied to the following. Or, for example, depending on the circumstances, the present invention may be applied to the following. One embodiment of the present invention does not need to be applied to lithium-ion secondary batteries. Also, for example, one embodiment of the present invention While an example using an ionic liquid has been shown as an embodiment, the present invention is not limited thereto. Not possible. In some cases, or depending on the circumstances, one aspect of the present invention may use various materials. It may be. Or, for example, depending on the circumstances, in one aspect of the present invention This does not require the use of ionic liquids.

[0139] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, the arrangement of the positive and negative electrodes described in the above embodiment is in a different form. Let's explain this using Figure 2. Specifically, it is a structure in which the negative electrode is placed on the outside.

[0140] The perspective view shown in Figure 2 illustrates the electrodes, including multiple negative electrodes and multiple positive electrodes. The negative electrode 101 is located on one side, and the separator 113 is positioned to surround the positive electrode 102. The negative electrode is positioned opposite the positive electrode, and they overlap each other.

[0141] The negative electrode 101 has a negative electrode current collector 111a and has an active material 122a on one side. The negative electrode 101, which has material 122a, is located on the outside of the stacked structure in Figure 2, and the negative electrode collects current. The surface of body 111a is exposed. The negative electrode 104 has a negative electrode current collector 111b and active material on both sides. It has quality 122b. The other negative electrodes located inside the laminated structure have the same configuration.

[0142] Unlike the above embodiment, the separator 113 is arranged to surround the positive electrode 102. The separator 113 should be positioned so as not to come into contact with the surface of the negative electrode current collector 111a. The electrodes surrounded by separator 113 have active material on both sides. Separator of this embodiment Option 113 is also preferable because it does not come into contact with the surface of any of the current collectors.

[0143] Although not shown in Figure 2, a protective film is formed over the negative electrode current collector 111a which is exposed on the outside. It may be done. The protective film, compared to cellulose, is one that does not impregnate with ionic liquid. For example, polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, nylon, polyester, Lysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, etc. These materials can be used.

[0144] Otherwise, it is the same as the above embodiment, the positive electrode and negative electrode are housed in the outer casing, and inside the outer casing It can take the form of a structure filled with an ionic liquid. Separator 113 is an ionic liquid It may be impregnated with [something].

[0145] In this embodiment, the number of stacked positive and negative electrodes can be determined based on the battery capacity. ru.

[0146] In the structure shown in Figure 2, the separator 113 does not come into contact with the surface of the current collector. In a power storage device having an ionic liquid and a separator, the generation of reaction products occurs. It can provide a structure that is difficult to modify.

[0147] Configurations not shown in this embodiment can be appropriately represented by using the configurations disclosed in the above embodiment. It is possible.

[0148] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, a separator of a different shape from the separator described in the above embodiments is used. The separator will be explained using Figure 3. In this embodiment, the separator has an opening.

[0149] As shown in the top view of Figure 3(A), the first separator 113a has a first opening 14 A second separator 113b is provided, and a second opening 142 is provided in the second separator 113b. The negative electrode 101 is exposed through the first opening 141, and the positive electrode 103 is exposed through the second opening 142. To be exposed.

[0150] If there is an opening in the separator, it is possible that the positive and negative electrodes will short-circuit. As shown in Figure 3(A), the first separator 113a surrounds the negative electrode, and the second separator 113b has a structure that surrounds the positive electrode, and the first opening 141 does not overlap with the second opening 142. By arranging them in this way, the above short circuit can be prevented.

[0151] The first separator 113a and the second separator 113b are cylindrical, bag-shaped, or sheet-shaped. It may have.

[0152] The first separator 113a and the second separator 113b can be impregnated with an ionic liquid. When impregnated with the ionic liquid, the separator expands in the planar direction, so the areas of the first opening portion 141 and the second opening portion 142 may shrink. Taking the case where three first opening portions 141 and two second opening portions 142 are provided as an example. The number of the first opening portions 141 may be equal to the number of the second opening portions 142. The length (t1) of the first opening portion 141 is determined based on the width (t2) of the negative electrode 101. When t1 < t2 is satisfied, the end portion of the negative electrode 101 is not exposed from the first opening portion 141, which is preferable. When t1 > t2 is satisfied, the end portion of the negative electrode 101 is separated from the separator 113a, which is preferable.

[0153] The length (t3) of the second opening portion 142 is determined based on the width (t4) of the positive electrode 103. When t3 < t4 is satisfied, the end portion of the positive electrode 103 is not exposed from the second opening portion 142, which is preferable. When t3 > t4 is satisfied, the end portion of the positive electrode 103 is separated from the separator 113b, which is preferable. The width (d1) of the first opening portion 141 is determined based on the width (d2) between the first opening portion where the first opening portion is not provided and the first opening portion. The width (d3) of the second opening portion 142 is determined based on the width (d2) between the first opening portion where the first opening portion is not provided and the first opening portion. When d2 > d1 and d2 > d3 are satisfied, the negative electrode 101 exposed from the first opening portion 141 and the positive electrode 103 exposed from the second opening portion 142 come into contact.

[0154]

[0155]

[0156] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​There's nothing to do.

[0157] When multiple first openings 141 are provided in the first separator 113a, their relative shapes They can be equal. Their shapes may be different. The second opening 142 is the second separator If multiple units are provided on 113b, their shapes can be made identical. That's fine.

[0158] The first opening 141 may have a different shape from the second opening 142. For example, The shape of the first opening 141 is circular, and the second opening 142 may be rectangular. The opening 141 may be of a different size from the second opening 142. 41 may be an opening smaller in width than the second opening 142. For example, as shown in Figure 3(B). A slit-shaped opening 143 may be provided. The positive electrode and This is preferable because it reduces the area of ​​the negative electrode.

[0159] By making the shape of the first opening 141 and the second opening 142 different, the positive electrode Furthermore, a short circuit between the negative electrodes may be prevented.

[0160] In the separator 113a having a slit-shaped opening as shown in Figure 3(B), the opening It is good to have many of the 143s. The negative electrode 101 is exposed through the slit-shaped opening 143. However, to prevent short circuits, a separator is placed on the positive terminal side. The second opening 142 is It may also be in a lid-like form.

[0161] Figure 3(C) shows the third opening 144a and the fourth opening 144b. Third opening The cut side of 144a may be different from the cut side of the fourth opening 144b.

[0162] When bending the energy storage device, it is preferable to use a separator having the above-mentioned opening. Even in this state, the separator does not wrinkle and becomes easy to bend. However, the positive and negative electrodes do not protrude from the above-mentioned openings, thus preventing short circuits. ru.

[0163] Configurations not shown in this embodiment can be appropriately represented by using the configurations disclosed in the above embodiment. It is possible.

[0164] (Embodiment 4) Any of the energy storage devices described in the above embodiments can be bent. Now, let's explain what happens when the energy storage device is bent, using Figure 4.

[0165] Figure 4 shows the bent shapes of the negative electrode 101 and the positive electrode 102. For clarity, The negative electrode 101 and the positive electrode 102 are arranged with a gap between them, but they are not arranged in close proximity. That is, the negative electrode 101 is connected via the separator 113 surrounding the negative electrode 101. It is positioned in contact with the positive electrode 102.

[0166] Figure 4 shows one negative electrode 101 and one positive electrode 102, but in the above embodiment... Alternatively, a structure in which multiple positive electrodes and multiple negative electrodes are stacked may be used.

[0167] The negative electrode 101 has a negative electrode current collector 111 and a negative electrode active material 122. The active material 122 is They are provided on both sides of the negative electrode current collector 111. When the negative electrode is located on the outside of the laminated structure, The active material is provided on one side of the negative electrode current collector 111.

[0168] The positive electrode 102 has a positive electrode current collector 112 and a positive electrode active material 123. The active material 123 is They are provided on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 112. When the positive electrode is located on the outside of the stacked structure, The active material is provided on one side of the positive electrode current collector 112.

[0169] In this way, the energy storage device can be bent. Furthermore, because the separator is impregnated with ionic liquid, it is less likely to wrinkle when the energy storage device is bent. This is preferable. Even when the energy storage device is bent, the separator does not come into contact with the surface of the current collector. Therefore, side reactions are less likely to occur, which is preferable.

[0170] Configurations not shown in this embodiment can be appropriately represented by using the configurations disclosed in the above embodiment. It is possible.

[0171] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, when the energy storage device is bent, an opening is provided in the separator. This will be explained using Figures 5 and 6.

[0172] When bending, if an opening is provided in the separator as shown in the above embodiment, Good. It makes the energy storage device easier to bend.

[0173] Figure 5(A) shows a cross-sectional view of the energy storage device in a bent state. Separator surrounding the negative electrode 101. 113a has a first opening 145. The first opening 145 is the separator 113a It is provided on both sides. The negative electrode 101 has a negative electrode current collector 111 and a negative electrode active material 122. The negative electrode active material 122 is provided on both sides of the negative electrode current collector 111.

[0174] The separator 113b surrounding the positive electrode 102 has a second opening 146. 146 is provided on both sides of separator 113b. Positive electrode 102 is positive electrode current collector 11 It has 2 and a positive electrode active material 123. The positive electrode active material 123 is on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 112. It is provided.

[0175] The first opening 145 is positioned so as not to overlap with the second opening 146. If they overlap, This is because the positive and negative electrodes short-circuit.

[0176] Separator 113a and separator 113b are each impregnated with an ionic liquid. It is less prone to wrinkles when worn.

[0177] Due to its layered structure, each electrode has a different radius of curvature. The electrodes with shorter radii of curvature, which are placed on the inside, Compared to electrodes with a long radius of curvature that are positioned on the outside, the number of apertures in the separator is small. Good. That is, when bending the energy storage device, for electrodes in a laminated structure, the electrodes located on the outside It is best to reduce the number of separator openings from the pole towards the inner electrodes. If there are many openings in the inner separator, the radius of curvature is short, and the separator encloses The electrodes and separator may separate.

[0178] Figure 5(B) shows a corresponding diagram of the negative electrode 101 viewed from above. Figure 5(B) shows the B1-B2 cross section. This corresponds to the negative electrode 101 in Figure 5(A). The direction in which the energy storage device is bent is direction 147. The first opening 145 has a first opening 145a and a second opening 145b. The active material 122 is exposed through opening 145a and the second opening 145b. The location of the cut in part 145a is different from the location of the cut in the second opening 145b. The side of the first opening 145a with the cutout is the same as the side of the second opening 145b with the cutout. It faces the side. Separator corresponding to the structure shown in Figure 3(C) in the above embodiment. This is an example.

[0179] The opening of the separator may use any of the structures shown in the above embodiment. By providing a notch on the side parallel to direction 147, the energy storage device becomes easier to bend.

[0180] As shown in the above embodiment, the structure in Figure 3(C) is such that multiple cuts are made in the direction of bending. By placing the sides parallel to 147 on opposite sides, the energy storage device can be easily bent. ru.

[0181] The longer side 148 of the opening should be positioned so as to intersect with the bending direction 147. It becomes easier to bend the object.

[0182] As shown in Figure 6, the long side direction 152 of the opening 149 is parallel to the bending direction 147. You may arrange them in such a way.

[0183] The separator 113b surrounding the positive electrode 102 can also be provided with a similar opening.

[0184] Regardless of the structure, compared to a configuration in which no opening is provided in the separator, It becomes easier to bend the object.

[0185] Configurations not shown in this embodiment can be appropriately represented by using the configurations disclosed in the above embodiment. It is possible.

[0186] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, when the energy storage device is bent, another method is used to provide an opening in the separator. The configuration will be explained using Figure 7.

[0187] As shown in Figure 7(A), the separator 113a surrounding the negative electrode 101 has a first opening 14 It has 5. The negative electrode 101 has a negative electrode current collector 111 and active material 122 provided on both sides thereof. The separator 113b surrounding the positive electrode 102 has a second opening 146. 02 has a positive electrode current collector 112 and active material 123 provided on both sides thereof.

[0188] The number of second openings 146 is greater than the number of first openings 145. Curves positioned on the inside By increasing the number of separator openings for electrodes with a short radius of error, the energy storage device can be bent. It will become cheaper.

[0189] In the above structure, when the energy storage device is bent, the active material and the separator may separate. This is because, when bending, there is a difference in the elasticity of the active material and the separator. Yes. Therefore, as shown in Figure 7(B), for the active material 123 of the positive electrode 102 which is arranged on the inside In addition, an opening 153 may be provided in conjunction with the second opening 146.

[0190] In either configuration, compared to a configuration in which no opening is provided in the separator, bending and It will decrease.

[0191] Configurations not shown in this embodiment can be appropriately represented by using the configurations disclosed in the above embodiment. It is possible.

[0192] (Embodiment 7) An energy storage device according to one aspect of the present invention can be used as a power source for various electrical devices that are driven by electricity. It is possible to be there.

[0193] Examples of electrical equipment using an energy storage device according to one aspect of the present invention include a display device and a lighting device. Desktop or notebook personal computers, Blu-ray discs (Bl Playback of still images or videos stored on recording media such as U-ray Disc (registered trademark). Image playback devices, mobile phones, smartphones, personal digital assistants, portable game consoles, electronic devices Book readers, video cameras, digital still cameras, high-frequency heating devices such as microwave ovens, electricity Rice cookers, electric washing machines, air conditioning equipment such as air conditioners, electric refrigerators, electric freezers, Examples include electric refrigerators and freezers, DNA storage freezers, and dialysis machines. Also, from energy storage devices... Mobile devices propelled by electric motors using electricity are also included in the category of electrical equipment. Examples of the above-mentioned mobile devices include electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles that combine internal combustion engines and electric motors. Examples include cars (hybrid cars) and motorized bicycles, including electric-assist bicycles.

[0194] Furthermore, the above electrical equipment requires a power storage device (referred to as the main power supply) to cover almost all of its power consumption. Thus, an energy storage device according to one aspect of the present invention can be used. Furthermore, the above electrical equipment is above This system supplies power to electrical equipment in the event of a power outage from the main power supply or commercial power supply. As a power storage device (referred to as an uninterruptible power supply) that can perform this function, a power storage device according to one aspect of the present invention is used. It is possible to do so. In addition, the above electrical equipment can receive power from the main power supply or commercial power supply. A power storage device (called an auxiliary power source) that supplies power to electrical equipment in parallel with the power supply. As such, an energy storage device according to one aspect of the present invention can be used.

[0195] Figure 9 shows the specific configuration of the above electrical equipment. In Figure 9, the display device 5000 is an energy storage device. This is an example of an electrical device using device 5004. Specifically, the display device 5000 is used for TV broadcasting. This corresponds to a receiving display device, and consists of a housing 5001, a display unit 5002, a speaker unit 5003, and a storage unit. It has an electrical device 5004, etc. The energy storage device 5004 is installed inside the housing 5001. The display device 5000 can also receive power from the commercial power supply, or from the energy storage device 50 The power stored in 04 can also be used. Therefore, in the event of a power outage, etc., power can be supplied from the commercial power source. Even when a power supply is unavailable, the energy storage device 5004 can be used as an uninterruptible power supply, Device 5000 will become available for use.

[0196] The display unit 5002 has light-emitting elements such as liquid crystal display devices and organic EL elements in each pixel. Optical devices, electrophoresis display devices, DMDs (Digital Micromirror Dev ice), PDP (Plasma Display Panel), FED (Field Semiconductor display devices such as Emission Displays can be used.

[0197] In addition to being used for receiving TV broadcasts, the display devices are also used for personal computers and for displaying advertisements. This includes all information display devices.

[0198] In Figure 9, the fixed lighting device 5100 is an electrical device using the energy storage device 5103. This is one example. Specifically, the lighting device 5100 consists of a housing 5101, a light source 5102, and a power storage device. It has components such as 5103. In Figure 9, the energy storage device 5103 is connected to the housing 5101 and the light source 5102. The example shows a case where it is installed inside the ceiling 5104, but the energy storage device 5103 may be located inside the housing 5101. The lighting device 5100 is a commercial electric It can receive power from a power source, or it can use power stored in the energy storage device 5103. It is also possible to do so. Therefore, even when power cannot be supplied from the commercial power source due to a power outage, By using the energy storage device 5103 as an uninterruptible power supply, the lighting device 5100 can be used. ru.

[0199] Figure 9 illustrates a fixed lighting device 5100 installed on the ceiling 5104. However, in one aspect of the present invention, the energy storage device is located in a place other than the ceiling 5104, for example, the side wall 5105, the floor 5 106, It can also be used in fixed lighting devices installed in windows 5107, etc., and on a tabletop It can also be used in lighting fixtures and other similar devices.

[0200] Furthermore, the light source 5102 can be an artificial light source that uses electricity to artificially produce light. Yes, it is possible. Specifically, this includes discharge lamps such as incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent lamps, and LEDs and organic EL elements. Optical elements are an example of the artificial light sources mentioned above.

[0201] In Figure 9, the air conditioner having an indoor unit 5200 and an outdoor unit 5204 is This is an example of an electrical device using the energy storage device 5203. Specifically, the indoor unit 5200 is a housing It has components such as 5201, an air outlet 5202, and a power storage device 5203. In Figure 9, the power storage device 5203 However, although the example shows the case where it is installed in the indoor unit 5200, the energy storage device 5203 is in the outdoor unit It may be provided in 5204. Alternatively, it may be provided in both the indoor unit 5200 and the outdoor unit 5204. A power storage device 5203 may be provided. The air conditioner draws power from the commercial power supply. It is also possible to receive power from the power supply, or to use the power stored in the energy storage device 5203. In particular, both the indoor unit 5200 and the outdoor unit 5204 are equipped with energy storage devices 5203. In cases where power cannot be supplied from the commercial power source due to a power outage or other reasons, in one aspect of the present invention By using a certain energy storage device 5203 as an uninterruptible power supply, it is possible to use an air conditioner. It becomes Noh.

[0202] Note that in Figure 9, a separate-type air conditioner consisting of an indoor unit and an outdoor unit is shown. As an example, an integrated air conditioner has both the indoor and outdoor unit functions in a single housing. A power storage device, which is one aspect of the present invention, can also be used as the conditioner.

[0203] In Figure 9, the electric refrigerator 5300 is an example of an electrical appliance using a power storage device 5304. Specifically, the electric refrigerator-freezer 5300 consists of a casing 5301, a refrigerator door 5302, and a refrigerator. It has a freezer door 5303, a power storage device 5304, etc. In Figure 9, the power storage device 5304 is located in the housing. It is located inside the 5301. The electric refrigerator 5300 is powered by commercial power. It can receive power, or it can use the power stored in the energy storage device 5304. In other words, even when power cannot be supplied from the commercial power source due to a power outage, the energy storage device 5304 By using it as an uninterruptible power supply, the 5300 electric refrigerator / freezer can be used.

[0204] Of the electrical appliances mentioned above, high-frequency heating devices such as microwave ovens and electric rice cookers are included. Air conditioning equipment requires high power in a short amount of time. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the power that cannot be supplied by the commercial power supply. As an auxiliary power source to assist, by using a power storage device according to one aspect of the present invention, electrical equipment This can prevent exceeding the specified power consumption of the commercial power supply during use.

[0205] Furthermore, during periods when electrical equipment is not in use, especially the total amount of electricity that can be supplied by the commercial power source... During periods when the proportion of electricity actually used (called the electricity usage rate) is low, energy storage is used. By storing power in the device, the increase in power usage outside of the above-mentioned time period is suppressed. It is possible. For example, in the case of the electric refrigerator 5300, when the temperature is low, the refrigerator door 530 2. At night when the freezer door 5303 is not opened or closed, power is stored in the energy storage device 5304. And as the temperature rises, the refrigerator door 5302 and the freezer door 5303 are opened and closed. During the daytime, by using the energy storage device 5304 as an auxiliary power source, the daytime power usage rate can be reduced. It can be kept low.

[0206] Furthermore, this embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with the configurations described in other embodiments. This is possible.

[0207] (Embodiment 8) Next, as an example of an electrical device equipped with a power storage device according to one aspect of the present invention, a portable information terminal... I will explain about that.

[0208] Figure 10(A) shows a schematic diagram of the front side of the mobile information terminal 650. Figure 10(B) shows the front side of the mobile information terminal. A schematic diagram of the back of the end 650 is shown. The portable information terminal 650 consists of a housing 651 and a display unit 652 (front). Includes display unit 652a and display unit 652b), power switch 653, light sensor 654, It has a camera lens 655, a speaker 656, a microphone 657, and a power supply 658. do.

[0209] Display units 652a and 652b are touch panels, and are used for inputting text. Keyboard buttons can be displayed as needed, and fingers or styluses can be placed on the corresponding keyboard buttons. Text input can be performed by touching the keyboard button. By not displaying the text and instead using a finger or stylus to directly write characters or draw pictures on the display unit 652a, The characters and images can be displayed on the display unit 652a.

[0210] Furthermore, the display unit 652b shows the functions that can be performed by the portable information terminal 650. By touching the marker indicating the desired function with a finger or stylus, the mobile information terminal 65 0 performs the function in question. For example, touching marker 659 performs the function of a telephone. This allows for communication using speaker 656 and microphone 657. It is possible.

[0211] The mobile information terminal 650 includes a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and other detection devices (not shown) that detect tilt. It has a built-in ) Therefore, by orienting the housing 651 vertically or horizontally, the display unit 652a The display unit 652b can switch between display orientations such as vertical or horizontal. ru.

[0212] Furthermore, the mobile information terminal 650 is equipped with an optical sensor 654, and the mobile information terminal 650 The display unit 652a and the display unit 652 are operated according to the amount of ambient light detected by the light sensor 654. The brightness of element b can be optimally controlled.

[0213] The personal information terminal 650 is equipped with a power supply 658, and the power supply 658 is powered by a solar cell 660. and has a charge / discharge control circuit 670. Note that in Figure 10(C) the charge / discharge control circuit 670 As an example, a configuration having a battery 671, a DC-DC converter 672, and a converter 673 The configuration is shown, and the battery 671 has the energy storage device described in the above embodiment. It is.

[0214] In addition, the 650 mobile information terminal can also display various other types of information (still images, videos, text images, etc.). Functions to display ), calendar, date or time, etc. on the display unit, Touch input function for operating or editing displayed information, various software (P It can have processing control functions, etc., through a program.

[0215] The solar cell 660 attached to the portable information terminal 650 powers the display unit or video signal It can be supplied to the processing unit, etc. Note that the solar cell 660 is on one or both sides of the housing 651. It can be installed on the surface, and a configuration can be made to efficiently charge the battery 671. Furthermore, if an energy storage device according to one aspect of the present invention is used as the battery 671, miniaturization can be achieved. It has advantages such as being able to measure.

[0216] Furthermore, the configuration and operation of the charge / discharge control circuit 670 shown in Figure 10(B) are shown in Figure 10( The explanation will be given using the block diagram shown in C). Figure 10(C) shows a solar cell 660, battery Lee 671, DC-DC converter 672, converter 673, switch SW1 to SW3 The display unit 652 is shown, and the battery 671, DC-DC converter 672, The converter 673 and switches SW1 to SW3 are connected to the charge / discharge control circuit 67 shown in Figure 10(B). This corresponds to the value 0.

[0217] First, let's explain an example of operation when electricity is generated by the solar cell 660 using ambient light. The electricity generated by solar cell 660 is used to provide the voltage necessary to charge battery 671. The DC-DC converter 672 performs either a boost or a buck. Then, the display unit 652 operates as follows: When power from solar cell 660 is used, switch SW1 is turned ON, and converter 6 73 will boost or lower the voltage to the required level for the display unit 652. Also, the display unit 65 If you do not want to display in step 2, turn SW1 off and SW2 on and set the battery 671 The configuration should be such that it charges the device.

[0218] The solar cell 660 is shown as an example of a power generation method, but it is not particularly limited to this. Other power generation methods such as piezoelectric elements (piezo elements) and thermoelectric elements (Peltier elements) The configuration may also include charging the battery 671. For example, power can be transmitted and received wirelessly (contactless). This configuration involves a contactless power transmission module that charges via a wireless connection, or a combination of other charging methods. That is also acceptable.

[0219] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention includes the energy storage device described in the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 1. It goes without saying that this is not limited to the mobile information terminal shown in 0. Furthermore, this embodiment is This can be implemented in appropriate combination with the configurations described in other embodiments.

[0220] (Embodiment 9) Furthermore, an example of a mobile device, which is an example of an electrical device, will be explained using Figure 11.

[0221] The energy storage device described in the previous embodiment can be used as a control battery. The battery can be charged via plug-in technology or external power supply via contactless charging. It is possible. Furthermore, if the moving object is a railway electric vehicle, power supply from overhead lines or conductive rails is available. It can be charged by supplying power.

[0222] Figure 11 shows an example of an electric vehicle. The electric vehicle 680 has a battery 681 It is equipped with the following. The power of battery 681 is adjusted by the control circuit 682. The power is supplied to the drive unit 683. The control circuit 682 includes a ROM, RAM, and CPU (not shown). It is controlled by a processing device 684 having the following features.

[0223] The drive unit 683 consists of a DC motor or an AC motor alone, or a motor and an internal combustion engine. It is composed of a combination of the following. The processing unit 684 receives the driver's operation information of the electric vehicle 680 ( Information about acceleration, deceleration, stopping, etc., and driving conditions (such as uphill and downhill driving conditions, and the load on the drive wheels). Based on the input information (such as data), a control signal is output to the control circuit 682. Control circuit 682 The electrical energy supplied from the battery 681 is controlled by the control signal of the processing unit 684. The output of the drive unit 683 is controlled by adjusting the following. If an AC motor is installed, see the diagram. Although not explicitly stated, it also incorporates an inverter that converts direct current to alternating current.

[0224] Battery 681 can be charged by external power supply via plug-in technology. Yes, it is possible. For example, you can charge the battery 681 from a commercial power source via a power plug. It is converted to a constant DC voltage with a constant voltage value via a conversion device such as an AC / DC converter. This can be done by mounting a power storage device according to one aspect of the present invention as the battery 681. This can contribute to increasing battery capacity and improving convenience. Furthermore, improvements to the characteristics of the battery 681 will allow the battery 681 itself to be made smaller and lighter. If this is possible, it will contribute to reducing the weight of the vehicle, thereby improving fuel efficiency.

[0225] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention is that if it includes the energy storage device described in the above embodiment, Figure 1 It goes without saying that this is not limited to the electric vehicle shown in 1. Furthermore, this embodiment is not limited to other... This can be implemented in combination with the configuration described in the embodiment. [Examples]

[0226] The cycle characteristics were obtained using the structure of the energy storage device shown in Figure 1 of the above embodiment 1. Figure 8 The figure shows the cycle characteristics of the energy storage device shown in Figure 1 of the above embodiment 1.

[0227] Figure 8 shows the cycle characteristics, which are compared to those of a secondary battery in which reaction products have been produced. The rate of decrease in capacity slowed down. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0228] 101 Negative electrode 102 Positive electrode 103 Positive electrode 104 Negative electrode 111 Negative electrode current collector 111a Negative electrode current collector 111b Negative electrode current collector 112 Positive electrode current collector 112a Positive electrode current collector 112b Positive electrode current collector 113 Separator 113a Separator 113b Separator 114 End 116 tabs 122 Active material 122a Active material 122b Active material 123 Active material 123a Active material 123b Active material 141 Opening 142 Opening 143 Opening 144a opening 144b opening 145 Opening 145a opening 145b opening 146 Opening 147 directions 148 Long side direction 149 Opening 150 Exterior 151 Ionic Liquids 152 Long side direction 153 Opening 650 Mobile Information Terminals 651 cabinet 652 Display section 652a Display section 652b Display section 653 Power switch 654 Light Sensor 655 Camera Lens 656 speakers 657 Microphone 658 Power supply 659 markers 660 solar cells 670 Charge / Discharge Control Circuit 671 Battery 672 DC-DC converter 673 Converter 680 Electric Vehicles 681 Battery 682 Control Circuit 683 Drive unit 684 Processing Unit 5000 display devices 5001 enclosure 5002 Display section 5003 Speaker section 5004 Energy Storage Device 5100 Lighting device 5101 enclosure 5102 Light source 5103 Energy storage device 5104 Ceiling 5105 Side wall 5106 floor 5107 Window 5200 indoor unit 5201 enclosure 5202 Air outlet 5203 Energy storage device 5204 Outdoor unit 5300 Electric Refrigerator / Freezer 5301 enclosure 5302 Refrigerator door 5303 Freezer door 5304 Energy storage device

Claims

[Claim 1] An energy storage device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, a first separator, a second separator, and an ionic liquid, The first electrode is positioned opposite the second electrode, The first electrode comprises a first current collector and a first active material. The first electrode is surrounded by the first separator, The second electrode comprises a second current collector and a second active material. The second electrode is surrounded by the second separator, The first separator has a plurality of first openings, The second separator has a plurality of second openings, The first active material is provided on both sides of the first current collector. The second active material is provided on both sides of the second current collector. The first opening and the second opening are arranged so as not to overlap. The number of the second openings is less than the number of the first openings. The second electrode has a shorter radius of curvature than the first electrode. The first electrode is an energy storage device in which a first active material is exposed from the first opening.

Images