Environmental control system

Abstract

To reduce environmental impact by increasing the efficiency of ventilation fan output to suppress the rise in carbon dioxide concentration inside a tunnel.SOLUTION: An environmental control system 12 comprises a control unit 14 that controls an environment inside a tunnel 10, a blower pipe 46 that is arranged inside the tunnel 10, a fan 44 that blows air to an air pipe 46, and a carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 that is placed inside the tunnel 10 and is capable of detecting carbon dioxide concentration. The control unit 14 adjusts the output of the fan 44 based on the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to an environmental control system. [Background technology]

[0002] Tunnel construction has traditionally been carried out in various locations. During tunnel construction, large amounts of gas and dust are emitted from vehicles and equipment used for work inside the tunnel. If the concentration of gas and dust inside the tunnel becomes too high, it may have a significant impact on the health of the workers engaged in the construction. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a ventilation system that checks the work mode based on the operating status of heavy machinery used for work inside the tunnel and drives a ventilation device based on the confirmed work mode. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-102484 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] In tunnel construction, carbon dioxide is emitted from vehicles and equipment used for work inside the tunnel. Although carbon dioxide is less toxic than carbon monoxide and methane, high concentrations of carbon dioxide can affect the health of workers engaged in construction. However, in conventional environmental control systems such as the ventilation system described in Patent Document 1, it has been common practice to drive the ventilation system based on the operating status of vehicles and equipment used for work inside the tunnel. Although the ventilation system in Patent Document 1 is described as having sensors to detect dust concentration and oxygen concentration inside the tunnel and controlling the ventilation system based on the information detected by these sensors, it does not consider driving the ventilation system based on carbon dioxide concentration.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention aims to reduce environmental impact by improving the efficiency of the output of ventilation fans used to suppress the rise in carbon dioxide concentration inside tunnels. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] An environmental control system according to a first aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems comprises a control unit for controlling the environment inside a tunnel, a blower pipe disposed inside the tunnel, a fan for blowing air to the blower pipe, and a carbon dioxide concentration meter disposed inside the tunnel and capable of detecting carbon dioxide concentration, wherein the control unit adjusts the output of the fan based on the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration meter.

[0007] According to this embodiment, a carbon dioxide concentration meter is installed inside the tunnel, and the output of the fan is adjusted based on the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration meter. Therefore, by driving the ventilation fan, the rise in carbon dioxide concentration inside the tunnel can be suppressed, and the environmental burden can be reduced by optimizing the fan output based on the carbon dioxide concentration inside the tunnel to improve efficiency.

[0008] An environmental control system according to a second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect, carbon dioxide concentration meters are provided at a plurality of locations within the tunnel in the direction in which the tunnel extends.

[0009] According to this embodiment, carbon dioxide concentration meters are provided at multiple locations within the tunnel in the direction in which the tunnel extends. Therefore, even if areas with high carbon dioxide concentrations occur in some parts of the tunnel, this can be suitably detected, and the increase in carbon dioxide concentration in those areas can be suppressed.

[0010] An environmental control system according to a third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the second aspect, the control unit adjusts the output of the fan based on the detection result of the highest carbon dioxide concentration among the plurality of carbon dioxide concentration meters.

[0011] According to this embodiment, the fan output is adjusted based on the detection result of the highest carbon dioxide concentration among multiple carbon dioxide concentration meters. Therefore, it is possible to effectively suppress the carbon dioxide concentration from rising above a predetermined level throughout the tunnel.

[0012] An environmental control system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the control unit controls the wind velocity generated by the fan in the air supply pipe as V (m / s) and the inner diameter of the air supply pipe as A (m 2 ), the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration meter is c (ppm), and the air density is ρ (kg / m³). 3 The method is characterized by calculating the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per second as V·A·ρ·c(mg / s) and adjusting the output of the fan accordingly.

[0013] According to this embodiment, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per second is calculated as V·A·ρ·c (mg / s), and the fan output is adjusted accordingly. By adjusting the fan output in this way, the increase in carbon dioxide concentration inside the tunnel can be suppressed with high precision.

[0014] An environmental control system according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, comprises a detection unit capable of detecting at least one of carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration, wherein the control unit maximizes the output of the fan regardless of the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration meter if the detection result of at least one of carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration by the detection unit exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0015] According to this aspect, when at least any one of the detection results of the carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration in the detection unit exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the output of the fan is maximized regardless of the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration meter. Therefore, when at least any one of the detection results of the carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration, which are highly toxic to the human body, exceeds a predetermined threshold value, an increase in at least any one of the carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration can be suppressed.

[0016] The environmental control system according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first or second aspect, a display unit for displaying the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration meter is provided in the tunnel excavation face.

[0017] According to this aspect, a display unit for displaying the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration meter is provided in the tunnel excavation face. Therefore, in the tunnel excavation face, an operator can grasp an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration and can quickly execute an operation for suppressing the increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.

[0018] The environmental control system according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the sixth aspect, the display unit is a warning lamp that emits light of different colors according to the carbon dioxide concentration measured by the carbon dioxide concentration meter.

[0019] According to this aspect, the display unit is a warning lamp that emits light of different colors according to the carbon dioxide concentration measured by the carbon dioxide concentration meter. Therefore, in the tunnel excavation face, an operator can easily grasp an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration even from a position away from the display unit.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] [Figure 1] A schematic diagram showing the working state in the tunnel excavation face during drilling and charging operations. [Figure 2] A schematic diagram showing the working state in the tunnel excavation face during blasting operations. [Figure 3] A schematic diagram showing the working state in the tunnel excavation face during overbreak operations. [Figure 4] A schematic diagram showing the working conditions inside a tunnel during smuggling operations. [Figure 5] A schematic diagram showing the working conditions inside the tunnel during spraying work. [Figure 6] A schematic diagram showing the working conditions inside the tunnel during rock bolting work. [Figure 7] A flowchart illustrating an example of an environmental control method performed by the environmental control system of the present invention. [Figure 8] A flowchart showing an example of an environmental control method performed by the environmental control system of the present invention, other than the one shown in Figure 7. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0021] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and they will be described only in the first embodiment, with descriptions of those components omitted in subsequent embodiments.

[0022] <Overview of the Environmental Control System> First, the environmental control system 12 inside the tunnel 10 will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 6. As shown in Figure 1 and other figures, the environmental control system 12 in this embodiment includes a control unit 14, a memory unit 16, a warning light 18, multiple power supply units 20, multiple carbon dioxide concentration meters 22, a ventilation device 24, a dust collector 26, and multiple lights 58 (reference numerals are omitted except in Figure 1).

[0023] In this embodiment, the control unit 14 is installed, for example, in a construction work office located near the outside of the tunnel. In this embodiment, the control unit 14 is configured as a computer composed of multiple electronic components and circuits. The memory unit 16 is electrically connected to the control unit 14 and stores control data from the control unit 14 and environmental data inside the tunnel 10. Specifically, the memory unit 16 stores the ventilation level settings of the ventilation device 24 and dust collector 26 for each work process, the history of work processes in the tunnel 10, etc. Then, the memory unit 16 transmits the necessary data to the control unit 14 in response to commands from the control unit 14.

[0024] In this embodiment, the tunnel 10 is divided into several sections from the excavated portion at its tip (hereinafter referred to as the "face"), that is, from the face to the tunnel entrance Y1. In this embodiment, the face section is denoted by reference numeral 10a, and the sections other than the face (other sections) are denoted by reference numeral 10b.

[0025] In this embodiment, a warning light 18 is provided in the tunnel face section 10a as an example. The warning light 18 serves as a display unit that shows the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 inside the tunnel 10, and more specifically, it is a warning light that emits light of a different color depending on the carbon dioxide concentration measured by the carbon dioxide concentration meter. In this embodiment, the warning light 18 can be illuminated in blue, green, yellow, or red. Because the environmental control system of this embodiment is equipped with a warning light 18 as a display unit that shows the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22, workers inside the tunnel can grasp the rise in carbon dioxide concentration and quickly carry out work to suppress the rise in carbon dioxide concentration. Furthermore, by using the warning light 18 as a display unit that shows the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22, workers inside the tunnel 10 can easily grasp the rise in carbon dioxide concentration even from a position away from the display unit. Workers can then take measures to suppress the rise in carbon dioxide concentration, such as temporarily stopping construction vehicles 38 or work machinery 48 inside the tunnel 10.

[0026] Although not shown in Figures 1 to 6, it is desirable to install the warning lights 18 not only in the tunnel face section 10a but also in the section 10b other than the tunnel face. However, something other than the warning lights 18 may be used as a display unit to show the detection results of the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 inside the tunnel 10. For example, a monitor may be installed as a display unit and the carbon dioxide concentration may be displayed on the monitor.

[0027] Here, the carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 are placed at appropriate intervals in the tunnel face section 10a and other sections 10b within the tunnel 10. Each of these meters is capable of detecting carbon dioxide concentration, as well as carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration. In other words, each of the multiple carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 also serves as a detection unit for carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration. Thus, the carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 can detect the concentration of dust generated in the excavation and concrete spraying work in the tunnel face section 10a, the concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide generated during blasting in the tunnel face section 10a, and the concentration of exhaust gases such as carbon dioxide generated by construction vehicles 38 and work machinery 48 within the tunnel 10. The detected dust and gas concentrations are then transmitted to the control unit 14.

[0028] As described above, in the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment, the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 also serves as a detection unit capable of detecting carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration. However, a separate detection unit for detecting carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration may be provided in addition to the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22. Furthermore, the detection unit may be configured to detect concentrations of gases other than carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration, such as oxygen concentration.

[0029] The power supply unit 20 is installed in the tunnel face section 10a inside the tunnel 10. Alternatively, the power supply unit 20 may be installed outside the tunnel 10, or at appropriate intervals from the tunnel entrance Y1 toward the tunnel face section 10a. Note that in Figures 1 to 6, only the power supply unit 20 installed in the tunnel face section 10a is shown, and power supply units 20 installed in other sections 10b and outside the tunnel 10 are not shown.

[0030] In this embodiment, the power supply unit 20 is electrically connected to an external power supply (not shown) located outside the tunnel. The power supply unit 20 is configured to be wired to work machines 48 such as a drill jumbo 28 and a concrete spraying machine 30 via power cables. The power supply unit 20 supplies power to the work machines 48 connected to the power cables. An ammeter 32 is also provided inside the power supply unit 20. The ammeter 32 is electrically connected to the control unit 14. In this embodiment, the ammeter 32 measures the current value of the work machines 48 connected to the power supply unit 20. The ammeter 32 transmits the measured current value to the control unit 14.

[0031] Furthermore, the entrants 34 entering the tunnel 10 are equipped with a communication terminal 36. In this embodiment, the entrants 34 include not only workers engaged in excavation work in the tunnel 10, but also those who enter the tunnel temporarily. Construction vehicles 38 entering the tunnel 10 are also equipped with a communication terminal 36. In this embodiment, construction vehicles 38 include, for example, dump trucks 40, truck mixers 42, explosives transport vehicles, mortar transport vehicles, etc.

[0032] The communication terminal 36 transmits location information to a receiving unit (not shown) indicating which section of the tunnel face 10a and other sections 10b the tunnel workers 34 or construction vehicles 38 are located in within the tunnel 10. The receiving unit then transmits the received location information to the control unit 14. In this embodiment, as an example, among the tunnel workers 34 and construction vehicles 38 equipped with communication terminals 36, the receiving unit collects location information only from the communication terminals 36 of the workers 34 engaged in tunnel excavation work and the dump truck 40 and truck mixer 42 among the construction vehicles 38, and transmits the received location information to the control unit 14. For example, the type of tunnel workers 34 and construction vehicles 38 is determined and collected based on the individual identification IDs of the communication terminals 36 equipped on the tunnel workers 34 and construction vehicles 38.

[0033] The ventilation device 24 is configured to ventilate the tunnel 10. For example, the ventilation device 24 includes a fan 44 installed outside the tunnel 10 and a blower pipe 46 that guides the air drawn in by the fan 44 to the tunnel face 10a and blows the air out into the tunnel face 10a. In this embodiment, the ventilation device 24 is configured to supply air from outside the tunnel 10 to the tunnel face 10a, but it may also be configured to draw the gas in the tunnel face 10a into the blower pipe 46 and exhaust it outside the tunnel 10. In other words, the ventilation method using the ventilation device 24 in this embodiment includes not only the dilution method but also the forced ventilation method.

[0034] In this embodiment, the ventilation device 24 is controlled by the control unit 14. More specifically, the control unit 14 adjusts the amount of air sent into the tunnel 10, i.e., the airflow rate of the ventilation device 24, by adjusting the output of the fan 44, i.e., the rotational speed of the fan 44. In this embodiment, the control unit 14 can set the rotational speed of the fan 44 in four stages, as an example. Specifically, the control unit 14 can set the ventilation level of the ventilation device 24 to a low-speed level, a medium-speed level, a high-speed level, and a maximum level. In this embodiment, the ventilation volume (m³) of the ventilation device 24 3 ( / min) is, for example, 1000 (m) at low speed levels. 3( / min), 1600 (m) at medium speed levels 3 / min), 2000 (m) at high speed levels. 3 / min), at the maximum level 2400 (m 3 It is set to / min.

[0035] Furthermore, the dust collector 26 is located inside the tunnel 10, particularly in the face section 10a. In this embodiment, the dust collector 26 inhales the gas containing dust in the face section 10a, removes the dust inside the dust collector 26, and discharges the dust-free gas from the dust collector 26. In this embodiment, the dust collector 26 also includes a device capable of processing not only dust but also gases such as gases generated by blasting and exhaust gases.

[0036] In this embodiment, the dust collector 26 is also electrically connected to the control unit 14. The control unit 14 can adjust the amount of gas containing dust etc. sucked into the dust collector 26. In this embodiment, the dust collector 26 is set to allow adjustment of the gas intake amount in four stages, similar to the ventilation device 24. That is, the control unit 14 can set the intake amount, i.e., the ventilation level of the dust collector 26, to low speed level, medium speed level, high speed level, and maximum level. In this embodiment, not only the dilution containment method, which is a ventilation method that uses the dust collector 26, but also the suction collection method that uses a suction expandable air duct is included as a ventilation method.

[0037] <Overview of work inside the tunnel> Next, an overview of the work inside the tunnel 10 will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 6. In this embodiment, the control unit 14 is capable of controlling the ventilation level of the ventilation device 24 and the dust collector 26 based on the position information of at least one of the workers 34 and the construction vehicle 38, and the current value of the work machine 48.

[0038] In this embodiment, as an example, among the workers 34 and construction vehicles 38 equipped with communication terminals 36, the receiving unit (not shown) collects only the location information of the communication terminals 36 of the workers 34 engaged in tunnel excavation work in the tunnel 10, and the dump truck 40 and truck mixer 42 of the construction vehicles 38. The received location information is transmitted to the control unit 14 and used to control the ventilation system 24 and dust collector 26. For example, the type of worker 34 and construction vehicle 38 is determined and collected based on the individual identification IDs of the communication terminals 36 equipped on the workers 34 and construction vehicles 38, and the received location information is transmitted to the control unit 14 and used to control the ventilation system 24 and dust collector 26.

[0039] In this embodiment, the current value of the work machine 48 more specifically refers to the current values ​​of the work machine that operates using electricity as power, the drill jumbo 28 that generates exhaust gas, and the concrete spraying machine 30 used for work that generates a lot of dust. Here, threshold values ​​are set for the current values ​​of the drill jumbo 28 and the concrete spraying machine 30, respectively.

[0040] In this embodiment, the environmental control system 12 uses the positional information of the tunnelers 34, dump truck 40, and truck mixer 42 within the tunnel 10, as well as the current values ​​of the drill jumbo 28 and concrete spraying machine 30, as control parameters. When some of these control parameters are met, the control unit 14 determines that the process currently being carried out inside the tunnel 10 is a work process corresponding to the combination of control parameters.

[0041] Here, Figure 1 shows the state of drilling and explosive charging, which are routine operations inside tunnel 10. The following will explain the routine operations inside tunnel 10 in order. In Figure 1, when the tunnel worker 34 is positioned in the face section 10a and other sections 10b, and the drill jumbo 28 is connected to the power supply unit 20 and in operation, the control unit 14 selects the corresponding work process from the combination of control parameters and determines that drilling and explosive charging are being performed. The control unit 14 then operates the ventilation unit 24 and the dust collector 26.

[0042] Once the drill jumbo 28 has completed drilling a hole for loading explosives at the tip of the tunnel face section 10a (drilling operation), a gunpowder transport vehicle (not shown), which is one of the construction vehicles 38, enters the tunnel 10 and moves to the tunnel face section 10a. Then, the workers 34 set the explosives transported by the gunpowder transport vehicle into the hole drilled by the drill jumbo 28 (loading operation). Then, the drill jumbo 28 is moved out of the tunnel face section 10a and stopped at its parking position inside the tunnel 10. As a result, workers 34 are positioned in the tunnel face section 10a and other sections 10b. In other words, the control parameters for the blasting process are met. Based on this, the control unit 14 determines that the work process has transitioned from drilling and loading to blasting. Then, after confirming safety, the 34 miners detonate the explosives placed at the tip of the working face section 10a, as shown in Figure 2 (blasting operation). At this time, gas is generated by the explosion of the explosives.

[0043] Next, as shown in Figure 3, a dump truck 40 enters the tunnel 10 and moves to the tunnel face section 10a. The control unit 14 then receives the position information of the dump truck 40 in the tunnel face section 10a. As a result, the dump truck 40 is positioned in the tunnel face section 10a, and the tunnel workers 34 are positioned in the tunnel face section 10a and other sections 10b. In other words, the control parameters for the excavation work are met. The control unit 14 then determines that the operation has transitioned from blasting to excavation. Also, as shown in Figure 3, once the dump truck 40 is positioned in the tunnel face section 10a, the backhoe 50 begins loading the rocks and soil that have been broken up by blasting. This operation generates exhaust gases from the engines of the dump truck 40 and the backhoe 50, as well as dust from rocks and soil, in the tunnel face section 10a.

[0044] Next, when the dump truck 40 loaded with rocks and soil moves out of the tunnel 10 from the face section 10a, the control unit 14 recognizes that the workers 34 are located in the face section 10a and other sections 10b. In other words, the control parameters for the shoveling operation are met. Note that the parameters for shoveling and blasting operations are the same, but as an example, the control unit 14 determines that the current operation is a shoveling operation based on the sequence of regular operations stored in the memory unit 16 and the position information of the dump truck 40 obtained in the previous process. In the shoveling operation shown in Figure 4, the large breaker 52 shapes the surface of the ground at the front and sides of the face section 10a. At this time, fine fragments of excavated rock are generated.

[0045] Next, when the large breaker 52 is moved out of the face section 10a, and then, as shown in Figure 5, the truck mixer 42 is positioned in the face section 10a and the concrete spraying machine 30 is operational, the control unit 14 determines that the work has transitioned from shoveling to spraying.

[0046] Next, after the concrete spraying machine 30 has moved away from the tunnel face section 10a and stopped, as shown in Figure 6, when the tunnelers 34 are positioned in the tunnel face section 10a and other sections 10b, and the drill jumbo 28 is connected to the power supply unit 20 and becomes operational, the control unit 14 determines that the operation has transitioned from spraying to rock bolting. Subsequently, at the tip of the tunnel face section 10a, the drill jumbo 28 drives rock bolts 56 into the soil from the wall of the tunnel 10 toward the outer periphery. Once the rock bolting is completed, the operation proceeds directly to drilling and explosive charging (see Figure 1).

[0047] Furthermore, the support structure assembly work may be performed in conjunction with the rock bolt work, or before the rock bolt work, while appropriately carrying out spraying work to assemble the support structure 54. In this case, the control parameter conditions for the support structure assembly work and the rock bolt work may be the same. In this case, for example, the control unit 14 can determine which work is currently being performed based on the number of times the concrete spraying machine 30 has been operated. In addition, in this embodiment, a communication terminal 36 may be provided on the explosives transport vehicle (not shown). This allows the control unit 14 to determine that the work process has switched from at least the rock bolt work to the drilling and explosives loading work when the explosives transport vehicle enters the tunnel 10 and is located in the face section 10a.

[0048] As described above, the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment includes a control unit 14 for controlling the environment inside the tunnel 10, a ventilation pipe 46 located inside the tunnel 10, a fan 44 for supplying air to the ventilation pipe 46, and a carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 located inside the tunnel 10 capable of detecting carbon dioxide concentration. The control unit 14 is configured to adjust the output of the fan 44 based on the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 during each operation: drilling and charging work in Figure 1, blasting work in Figure 2, excavation work in Figure 3, shoveling work in Figure 4, spraying work in Figure 5, and rock bolt work in Figure 6. Therefore, the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment can suppress the rise in carbon dioxide concentration inside the tunnel 10 by driving the ventilation fan 44, and can reduce the environmental burden by optimizing the output of the fan 44 based on the carbon dioxide concentration inside the tunnel 10 to improve efficiency. Therefore, a specific example of an environmental control method that can be implemented using the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment, with the aim of suppressing the rise in carbon dioxide concentration inside the tunnel 10 by the control unit 14, will be described below with reference to the flowcharts in Figures 7 and 8.

[0049] <Example of environmental control method using a control unit> The environmental control method of this embodiment can be performed before the start of each operation, during each operation, or after the completion of each operation, in each operation: the drilling and explosive charging operation in Figure 1, the blasting operation in Figure 2, the scraping operation in Figure 3, the shoveling operation in Figure 4, the spraying operation in Figure 5, and the rock bolting operation in Figure 6. In other words, the environmental control method of this embodiment, represented by the flowchart in Figure 7, can be performed repeatedly and continuously during a desired period before the start of each operation, during each operation, or after the completion of each operation. However, the environmental control method of this embodiment can also be performed only in the scraping operation, which tends to have a high emission rate of carbon dioxide, among the operations. Conversely, the environmental control method of this embodiment can also be performed in operations other than the drilling and explosive charging operation and the rock bolting operation, which tend to have a low emission rate of carbon dioxide, among the operations.

[0050] When the environmental control method of this embodiment is started, first, in step S110, the control unit 14 inputs the detection results of gases such as carbon dioxide and dust concentrations from each carbon dioxide concentration meter 22. As described above, the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment is equipped with a plurality of carbon dioxide concentration meters 22, and each carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 is capable of detecting carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration and dust concentration in addition to carbon dioxide concentration. Therefore, in step S110, the control unit 14 also inputs the detection results of carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration and dust concentration in addition to carbon dioxide concentration.

[0051] Next, in step S120, the control unit 14 determines whether the values ​​of the gas concentrations other than carbon dioxide and the dust concentrations detected in step S110 by each carbon dioxide concentration meter 22, such as carbon dioxide concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, and methane concentration, and the dust concentration, are below a threshold. The respective gas concentrations and dust concentrations are stored in the storage unit 16. If the control unit 14 determines in step S120 that all gas concentrations other than carbon dioxide and the dust concentrations are below the threshold, the process proceeds to step S130. On the other hand, if the control unit 14 determines in step S120 that any one of the gas concentrations other than carbon dioxide and the dust concentrations is not below the threshold, the process proceeds to step S220. As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment is equipped with carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 at multiple locations inside the tunnel 10 in the direction in which the tunnel 10 extends. The control unit 14 then makes the decision in step S120 based on the detection results of the highest gas concentration and dust concentration among the multiple carbon dioxide concentration meters 22.

[0052] In step S130, the control unit 14 determines whether the carbon dioxide concentration detected in each carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 in step S110 is less than 1000 ppm. If the control unit 14 determines in step S130 that the carbon dioxide concentration in all of the carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 is less than 1000 ppm, the process proceeds to step S140. In step S140, the control unit 14 controls the warning light 18 to illuminate in blue. Then, the process proceeds to step S150, where the control unit 14 drives the ventilation fan 44 at a low speed, ending the flow of the environmental control method in this embodiment. On the other hand, if the control unit 14 determines in step S130 that the carbon dioxide concentration in any of the carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 is 1000 ppm or higher, the process proceeds to step S160.

[0053] In step S160, the control unit 14 determines whether the carbon dioxide concentration detected in each carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 in step S110 is less than 2000 ppm. If the control unit 14 determines in step S160 that the carbon dioxide concentration in all of the carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 is less than 2000 ppm, the process proceeds to step S170. In step S170, the control unit 14 controls the warning light 18 to illuminate green. Then, the process proceeds to step S180, where the control unit 14 drives the ventilation fan 44 at a medium speed, ending the flow of the environmental control method in this embodiment. On the other hand, if the control unit 14 determines in step S160 that the carbon dioxide concentration in any of the carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 is 2000 ppm or higher, the process proceeds to step S190.

[0054] In step S190, the control unit 14 determines whether the carbon dioxide concentration detected in each carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 in step S110 is less than 5000 ppm. If the control unit 14 determines in step S190 that the carbon dioxide concentration in all of the carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 is less than 5000 ppm, the process proceeds to step S200. In step S200, the control unit 14 controls the warning light 18 to illuminate yellow. Then, the process proceeds to step S210, where the control unit 14 drives the ventilation fan 44 at a high speed, ending the flow of the environmental control method in this embodiment. On the other hand, if the control unit 14 determines in step S190 that the carbon dioxide concentration in any of the carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 is 5000 ppm or higher, the process proceeds to step S220. In step S220, the control unit 14 controls the warning light 18 to illuminate red. Then, proceeding to step S230, the control unit 14 drives the ventilation fan 44 to its maximum level, ending the flow of the environmental control method of this embodiment.

[0055] Next, an embodiment of the environmental control method represented by the flowchart in Figure 8 will be described. Each step of the environmental control method represented by the flowchart in Figure 8 includes the same steps as each step of the environmental control method represented by the flowchart in Figure 7, with only the order of the steps being slightly different. Therefore, a detailed explanation of each step will be omitted. In the environmental control method represented by the flowchart in Figure 8, the flow of the environmental control method of this embodiment ends upon completion of step S150, and returns to step S120 upon completion of steps S180, S210, and S230. In other words, the environmental control method represented by the flowchart in Figure 8 controls the fan 44 to be driven according to the carbon dioxide concentration, and ultimately drives the fan 44 at a low speed.

[0056] As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment is equipped with carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 at multiple locations within the tunnel 10 in the direction in which the tunnel 10 extends. Therefore, the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment can suitably detect areas with high carbon dioxide concentrations within the tunnel 10 and suppress the rise in carbon dioxide concentration in those areas.

[0057] Furthermore, in the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment, in steps S130, S160, and S190, the control unit 14 adjusts the output of the fan 44 based on the detection result of the highest carbon dioxide concentration among the multiple carbon dioxide concentration meters 22. Therefore, the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment can effectively suppress the carbon dioxide concentration from rising above a predetermined concentration throughout the entire tunnel 10.

[0058] However, it is not limited to such a method. For example, the average value of the detection results of the carbon dioxide concentrations of a plurality of carbon dioxide concentration meters 22 may be obtained, and the output of the fan 44 may be adjusted based on this average value. Further, in addition to the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration of the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22, the carbon dioxide concentration may be calculated from the power consumption of the entire environmental control system 12, the driving status of the entire working machine 48, etc., and the output of the fan 44 may be adjusted while performing corrections based on the calculation results.

[0059] Also, as described above, the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 of this embodiment can also detect the carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration in addition to the carbon dioxide concentration. That is, it can be said that the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment includes a detection unit capable of detecting at least one of the carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration. And, as represented by the above steps S120 and S230, when at least one of the detection results of the carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration by the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 as the detection unit exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the output of the fan 44 is maximized regardless of the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration of the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22. Therefore, when at least one of the detection results of the carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration, which are highly toxic to the human body, exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the environmental control system 12 of this embodiment can suppress an increase in at least one of the carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration.

[0060] Here, when the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 1000 ppm, the control unit 14 is at a low speed level of 1000 (m 3 / min), when the carbon dioxide concentration is 1000 ppm or more and less than 2000 ppm, it is at a medium speed level of 1600 (m 3 / min), when the carbon dioxide concentration is 2000 ppm or more and less than 5000 ppm, it is at a high speed level of 2000 (m 3 / min), and when the carbon dioxide concentration is 5000 ppm or more, it is at a maximum level of 2400 (m 3The output of fan 44 is adjusted so that the ventilation rate is V (m / s) and A (m 2 ), the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration meter 22 is denoted as c (ppm), and the air density is denoted as ρ (kg / m³). 3 In this case, the carbon dioxide emissions per second are calculated as V·A·ρ·c (mg / s), and the method for adjusting the output of the fan 44 based on the calculation result corresponds to this. By adjusting the output of the fan 44 in this way, the increase in carbon dioxide concentration inside the tunnel 10 can be suppressed with high precision.

[0061] In detail, assuming that the airflow rate Q of fan 44 is the same as the gas discharged from tunnel 10, then Q = V·A(m 3 The result is ( / s). However, if the fan 44 has a built-in inverter, the value of the airflow rate Q can also be derived from the inverter. The increase in carbon dioxide concentration Δc(ppm) due to tunnel construction is given by Δc(ppm) = c(ppm) - c0(ppm), where c0(ppm) is the typical carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Note that c0(ppm) can be calculated using, for example, the typical carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere of 400 ppm, or the carbon dioxide concentration can be measured and the measurement result can be used. Also, when c(ppm) is converted to mass concentration, the density of the atmosphere is given by ρ(mg / m³). 3 If we assume that ρ·c(mg / m³), then 3 ) . Then, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per unit time (1 s) is Q·ρ·c (mg / s), that is, V·A·ρ·c (mg / s). And, if the sampling time (interval) is Δt, the cumulative amount of carbon dioxide emitted is ΣQ·ρ·c·Δt (mg).

[0062] It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these modifications are also included within the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0063] 10...Tunnel, 10a...Face section, 10b...Section other than face, 12...Environmental control system, 14...Control unit, 16...Memory unit, 18...Warning light, 20...Power supply unit, 22...Carbon dioxide concentration meter (detection unit), 24...Ventilation system, 26...Dust collector, 26a...Suction telescopic air duct, 28...Drill jumbo, 30...Concrete spraying machine, 32...Ammeter, 34...Tunnel entrant, 36...Communication terminal, 38...Construction vehicle, 40...Dump truck, 42...Truck mixer, 44...Fan, 46...Air duct, 48...Working machinery, 50...Backhoe, 52...Large breaker, 54...Shoring, 56...Rock bolt, 58...Lighting, Y1...Tunnel entrance

Claims

1. A control unit that controls the environment inside the tunnel, A ventilation pipe is placed inside the tunnel, A fan that blows air onto the aforementioned air supply pipe, A carbon dioxide concentration meter, which is placed inside the tunnel and capable of detecting the carbon dioxide concentration, Equipped with, The control unit is characterized by adjusting the output of the fan based on the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration meter, calculating the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per second as V・A・ρ・c (mg / s), where V (m / s) is the wind speed generated by the fan in the air supply pipe, A (m²) is the inner cross-sectional area of ​​the air supply pipe, c (ppm) is the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration meter, and ρ (kg / m³) is the air density.

2. In the environmental control system according to claim 1, An environmental control system characterized by providing carbon dioxide concentration meters at multiple locations within the tunnel in the direction in which the tunnel extends.

3. In the environmental control system according to claim 2, The control unit is characterized by adjusting the output of the fan based on the detection result of the highest carbon dioxide concentration among the plurality of carbon dioxide concentration meters.

4. In the environmental control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is equipped with a detection unit capable of detecting at least one of the following: carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration. The control unit is characterized in that, if the detection result of at least one of the carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and dust concentration detected by the detection unit exceeds a predetermined threshold, it maximizes the output of the fan regardless of the detection result of the carbon dioxide concentration meter.

5. In the environmental control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, An environmental control system characterized by having a display unit inside the tunnel that shows the detection results of the carbon dioxide concentration meter.

6. In the environmental control system according to claim 5, The environmental control system is characterized in that the display unit is a warning light that emits light of a different color depending on the carbon dioxide concentration measured by the carbon dioxide concentration meter.

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