Tunnel spraying construction method

Abstract

To provide a spray construction device that can perform efficient spraying work without interference between multiple spray nozzles.SOLUTION: A spraying construction device 1 for spraying a hardening material onto a tunnel excavation face includes a base machine 2 with traveling means, a first boom 3 that has a base 31 attached to the front surface 21 of a base machine, a first spray nozzle 33 attached to the tip 32 of the first boom, a second boom 4 that extends from a swivel part 41 attached to the top surface 22 of the base machine so as to be movable in the fore-and-aft direction of the vehicle, and a second spray nozzle 4 that is attached to the tip 42 of the second boom.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a spraying construction device for spraying a curing material such as sprayed concrete onto an excavation surface of a tunnel, and a spraying construction method for a tunnel.

Background Art

[0002] In the construction of mountain tunnels, while performing excavation work such as breaking the ground with a breaker, by spraying quick-setting sprayed concrete onto the excavation surface, it is possible to reinforce immediately even if peeling occurs on the face. In short, it is desired that the excavation work be carried out without impairing the stability of the face.

[0003] Therefore, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, by using a spraying device in which nozzles for spraying lining materials are provided on the tip sides of three actuators, it is possible to improve the work efficiency of the spraying work.

[0004] Also, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, a large-scale spraying work device for tunnel construction provided with a spraying nozzle at the tip of a long manipulator is known so that it can pass through the upper region of the earth and sand in front of the face generated by excavation.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] However, even if multiple spray nozzles are provided as disclosed in Patent Document 1, if the base of the boom supporting them is concentrated at the front of the vehicle, when spraying is performed simultaneously with the spray nozzles on both the upper and lower booms, interference may occur as described later, and it cannot necessarily be said that efficient spraying work can be performed.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a spraying apparatus and a tunnel spraying method that enable efficient spraying without interference between multiple spraying nozzles. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a spray application apparatus for spraying a hardening agent onto the excavated surface of a tunnel, comprising: a base machine having a means of travel; a first boom with its base attached to the front of the base machine; a first spray nozzle attached to the tip of the first boom; a second boom extending from a slewing section attached to the upper surface of the base machine so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle; and a second spray nozzle attached to the tip of the second boom, wherein the slewing section is positioned higher than the base of the first boom, and the second boom is longer than the first boom.

[0009] Here, the slewing section can be positioned at a height of 2m or more above the ground contact surface of the base machine, and the movement of the second boom can be restricted from horizontal to elevation.

[0010] Furthermore, the invention of a tunnel spraying construction method is a tunnel spraying construction method using the above-described spraying construction apparatus, characterized by comprising the steps of setting the rotating section behind the vehicle from the base of the first boom and moving the second boom and the first boom toward the elevation angle, and spraying the hardening material onto the excavation surface using both the first spraying nozzle and the second spraying nozzle which are facing the excavation surface.

[0011] Another invention for a tunnel spraying method is characterized by comprising the steps of setting the movement of the second boom to be restricted from horizontal to elevation, and spraying the hardening material onto the excavation surface using both the first spraying nozzle and the second spraying nozzle, which are facing the excavation surface. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] The spraying construction apparatus and tunnel spraying construction method of the present invention, configured in this manner, includes a first boom having a first spraying nozzle whose base is attached to the front of the base machine, as well as a second spraying nozzle positioned at the tip of a second boom extending from a swivel section attached to the upper surface of the base machine so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

[0013] If the mounting positions of the spray nozzle booms to the base machine are at different heights, the two booms will not interfere with each other, allowing for simultaneous spraying on specific locations in the upper and lower halves of the tunnel face, or on each of them.

[0014] Furthermore, by retracting the second boom of the upper second spray nozzle towards the rear of the vehicle, the spraying range of the lower first spray nozzle's first boom can be extended upwards. In short, by increasing the range and time that can be sprayed using both the first and second spray nozzles, more efficient spraying can be performed, such as by shortening the working time.

[0015] Furthermore, because the two booms are mounted at different heights, and the slewing section of the upper second boom is located more than 2 meters above the base machine's ground contact surface, a limiter can be applied to prevent the second boom from tilting downwards from the horizontal, thus preventing a decrease in safety compared to the conventional case of using a single boom. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0016] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the spray application apparatus of this embodiment. [Figure 2] It is an explanatory view schematically showing the vertical movement range of the second boom. [Figure 3] It is an explanatory view of the spraying construction situation by two spraying nozzles as seen from the back side of the spraying construction apparatus. [Figure 4] It is an explanatory view illustrating the spraying construction situation by two spraying nozzles. [Figure 5] It is an explanatory view schematically showing the situation of spraying construction on the upper half surface and the lower half surface of the face respectively.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing the configuration of the spraying construction apparatus 1 of the present embodiment.

[0018] The spraying construction apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is used for spraying a hardening material such as quick-setting sprayed concrete on an excavation surface such as a tunnel face. At the excavation site of a tunnel such as a mountain tunnel, after excavation and blasting, the excavation situation of the excavation surface such as the face is confirmed, and for the parts with insufficient excavation, additional excavation (rock breaking) is performed with an excavator such as a breaker.

[0019] And, simultaneously with the excavation work of rock breaking by this breaker, the spraying construction of sprayed concrete by the spraying construction apparatus 1 is carried out, so that even if skin loss of the face occurs, it can be reinforced immediately. That is, the excavation work can be carried out without impairing the stability of the face surface.

[0020] As shown in FIG. 1, the spraying construction apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a base machine 2, a first boom 3 having a base 31 attached to the front of the vehicle of the base machine 2, a first spraying nozzle 33 attached to the tip 32 of the first boom 3, a second boom 4 extending from a swivel part 41 attached to the upper surface side of the base machine 2 so as to be movable in the vehicle longitudinal direction, and a second spraying nozzle 43 attached to the tip 42 of the second boom 4.

[0021] The vehicle to be the base machine 2 is not particularly limited, and it can be used by improving a general spraying machine with self-propelled traveling means such as tires and crawlers.

[0022] The base machine 2 is equipped with at least two spraying booms. The boom can directly use the spraying boom provided in the base machine 2 or can be used after improving the basket boom.

[0023] Of the at least two spraying booms, the first boom 3 has its base 31 attached, for example, at the center in the vehicle width direction at a low position near the front surface 21 of the base machine 2. The first boom 3 can swing in the left - right direction and undulate in the up - down direction around the base 31.

[0024] When using the spraying machine with an electra as the base machine 2, the tip 32 of the first boom 3 is equipped with a spraying nozzle serving as the first spraying nozzle 33. Sprayed concrete can be discharged forward from the discharge port at the tip of the first spraying nozzle 33.

[0025] Of the at least two spraying booms, the second boom 4 can be used by improving, for example, the basket boom provided in the base machine 2. The second boom 4 extends from a swivel part 41 attached to the upper surface 22 of the base machine 2 so as to be movable in the vehicle front - rear direction.

[0026] Since the second boom 4 must be able to arrange the discharge port of the second spraying nozzle 4 three at the same position as the discharge port of the first spraying nozzle 33 in the vehicle front - rear direction even when the swivel part 41 serving as the base moves behind the base 31 of the first boom 3, the length of the second boom 4 at its maximum extension is longer than that of the first boom 3.

[0027] The slewing section 41 can be any mechanism that can rotate the second boom 4 in the left-right direction or raise and lower it in the up-down direction. Furthermore, the slewing section 41 can be moved to any position along a guide that extends in the front-rear direction of the vehicle on the upper surface 22 of the base machine 2.

[0028] When using a basket boom, the tip 42 of the second boom 4 is formed in a basket shape, so a spray nozzle, which will be the second spray nozzle 43, is attached to its lower surface, for example. The configuration of the second spray nozzle 43 is the same as that of the first spray nozzle 33, and spray concrete can be discharged forward from the discharge port at the tip.

[0029] The first spray nozzle 33 and the second spray nozzle 43 are supported by a support arm (not shown) that allows the position of the discharge port to be moved back and forth, or rotated to change the direction of the discharge port.

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the vertical range of motion of the second boom 4. Since the second boom 4 rises and falls around the pivot section 41, the distance from the construction base surface SB when the second boom 4 is horizontal is determined by the height at which the pivot section 41 is positioned.

[0031] For example, if the upper surface 22 of the base machine 2 is at a position 2m or more higher than the tire contact surface, the slewing section 41 will be positioned 2m or more higher than the construction base surface SB. Furthermore, a mechanical or electronic limiter function can be used to prevent the second boom 4 from moving toward the downward angle, in other words, to restrict its movement from the horizontal to the upward angle.

[0032] By restricting the range of motion of the second boom 4 in this way, since the height of the worker W generally does not exceed 2m, it becomes possible to have them work safely even in front of the base machine 2.

[0033] Next, a tunnel spraying method using the spraying apparatus 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 3-5. The following explanation will use the excavation work of a mountain tunnel using the NATM method as an example.

[0034] When constructing a tunnel using the NATM method, rapid-setting sprayed concrete is applied to soft ground or ground with well-developed cracks using a spraying device 1 from behind the excavation equipment such as breakers and backhoes, and heavy machinery such as wheel loaders, while excavation is carried out. This prevents the collapse of the ground and allows for safe excavation.

[0035] Furthermore, if the boom configuration of the spraying device 1 is such that the entire boom, including the second spray nozzle 43, is at a height of 2m or more above the construction base surface SB when the second boom 4 is extended horizontally, then by providing a limiter function to prevent the second boom 4 from being tilted downwards, it becomes unnecessary to require people to be cleared from around the spraying boom. For example, in an emergency when the second boom 4 is extended, workers W can pass under the second boom 4 to evacuate.

[0036] Furthermore, if the minimum height of the second boom 4, one of the two booms (3,4), is 2m or more and exceeds the height of worker W, the situation of being trapped between the two booms (3,4) holding the spray nozzles (33,43) will not occur, so safety will not be reduced compared to the case where only one boom is used.

[0037] By the way, in order to speed up the construction of spraying work such as face spraying on tunnel faces and primary and secondary spraying around shoring using a spraying machine, it is desirable to add booms equipped with spraying nozzles. However, simply adding spraying nozzles is not enough, and in the following cases, adding them may not lead to an improvement in construction efficiency.

[0038] For example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a spraying device is known in which the number of spraying nozzles is increased to two by attaching the bases of the booms in parallel, either left and right or up and down, at the same position in the tunnel excavation direction (the front and rear direction of the vehicle).

[0039] When using such a spraying device for mirror spraying, even if the excavation face is divided into areas above and below or to the left and right, the booms of the two areas will interfere with each other at the boundary between the divided areas. This necessitates operations to avoid interference, which reduces construction efficiency.

[0040] Furthermore, when performing primary and secondary spraying of tunnel support structures, if the booms are positioned side-by-side, it is not possible to simultaneously apply spraying to only the right or left side of the tunnel using both spraying nozzles, thus rendering the additional spraying ineffective.

[0041] On the other hand, if the booms are arranged vertically, the lower boom will be obstructed by the upper boom, and when performing spraying work on the right front (lower right side of the face) and the left front (lower left side of the face), it will not be possible to use both spray nozzles simultaneously, thus negating the benefits of the additional nozzles.

[0042] The spray application apparatus 1 of this embodiment, developed to solve these problems, has booms (3, 4) equipped with spray nozzles (33, 43) arranged in two stages, approximately vertically, and the swivel section 41, which forms the base of the upper second boom 4, can be moved further rearward than the base 31 of the lower first boom 3.

[0043] Two booms (3,4) that can swing up and down and left and right are positioned at different heights on the front 21 and top 22 of the spraying device 1, so that, as shown in Figure 3, spraying can be performed simultaneously on both the left and right sides using both booms (3,4).

[0044] Figure 3 schematically shows a situation where spraying is being carried out on the left side (left-hand side) of the lower half T2 of the tunnel face T, which is the excavation surface, using two spray nozzles (33, 43). The reason why spraying can be carried out efficiently by using multiple spray nozzles (33, 43) simultaneously is that the heights of the bases (31, 41) of the two booms (3, 4) are separated by H, so that interference does not occur even when they are moved at the same time.

[0045] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, by retracting the slewing section 41, which forms the base of the second boom 4 on the upper surface 22, towards the rear of the vehicle, the primary spraying near the top of the upper half surface T1 of the tunnel face T can be carried out simultaneously by the two upper and lower booms (3, 4).

[0046] In Figure 4, the bases (31,41) of the two booms (3,4) are separated by a distance L in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Therefore, even when the booms (3,4) are moved at the same elevation angle θ, no interference occurs. Furthermore, even when the elevation angle of the first boom 3 increases by α, no interference occurs between the spray nozzles (33,43). As a result, by simultaneously spraying a narrow area near the top of the upper half T1 using the two spray nozzles (33,43), the stability of the excavated surface can be ensured in a short time.

[0047] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the situation in which the upper half T1 and lower half T2 of the tunnel face T are sprayed using two spray nozzles (33, 43). In this embodiment, the spraying device 1 has two booms (3, 4) with spray nozzles (33, 43) at different heights, so that the two booms (3, 4) can spray the upper half T1 and lower half T2 without interference.

[0048] As described above with reference to Figures 3 and 4, by simultaneously applying spray coating using two spray nozzles (33, 43) positioned opposite each other at specific locations, the excavation surface can be stabilized in a short time. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 5, by moving two non-interfering booms (3, 4) independently, the upper half T1 and lower half T2 of the right or left half of the excavation face T can be simultaneously sprayed using opposing spray nozzles (33, 43), thereby reducing working time.

[0049] Next, the operation of the spraying application apparatus and tunnel spraying application method of this embodiment will be described. In this configuration, the spray application apparatus 1 has a first boom 3 with a first spray nozzle 33 whose base 31 is attached near the front surface 21 of the base machine 2, and a second spray nozzle 43 is also positioned at the tip 42 of the second boom 4, which extends from a swivel section 41 attached to the upper surface 22 of the base machine 2 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction of the vehicle.

[0050] Here, as shown in Figures 3 and 5, if the height of the mounting positions of the spray nozzles (33, 43) booms (3, 4) to the base machine 2 is separated by a distance H, the two booms (3, 4) will not interfere with each other, and spraying can be performed simultaneously on specific locations on the upper half T1 and lower half T2 of the tunnel face T, or on the upper half T1 and lower half T2 respectively.

[0051] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, by moving the swivel section 41 of the second boom 4 of the upper second spray nozzle 43 backward towards the rear of the vehicle, and creating a gap L in the front-rear direction of the vehicle between the bases (31, 41), the spraying range of the first boom 3 of the lower first spray nozzle 33 can be extended upward by, for example, an elevation angle α.

[0052] In this way, the range and time over which spraying can be performed simultaneously by the first spray nozzle 33 and the second spray nozzle 43 increases, which allows for more efficient spraying work, such as by shortening the working time.

[0053] Furthermore, the two booms (3, 4) are mounted at different heights, and the swivel section 41 of the upper second boom 4 is located more than 2m above the ground contact surface of the base machine 2. By applying a limiter to prevent the second boom 4 from tilting downwards from the horizontal, one of the two booms (3, 4) will exceed the height of worker W.

[0054] With this configuration, even if two spray nozzles (33, 43) are added, they will not be trapped between the two booms (3, 4). Therefore, compared to the case where only one boom is used, the safety will not be reduced by the addition of nozzles.

[0055] While embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and any design modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are included in the present invention.

[0056] For example, in the above embodiment, a spray application device 1 was described in which spray nozzles (33, 43) are attached to the tips of two booms (3, 4), respectively. However, the invention is not limited to this, and a spray application device may be configured to have three or more booms with spray nozzles attached to a base machine. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0057] 1: Spray application equipment 2: Base machine 21: Front (front of the vehicle) 22:Top surface 3: The first boom 31: Base 32:Tip 33: First spray nozzle 4: The second boom 41: Swivel section 42:Tip 43: Second spray nozzle T: Face (excavation surface)

Claims

[Claim 1] A spray application device for spraying a hardening agent onto the excavation surface of a tunnel, A base machine having a means of propulsion, A first boom, the base of which is attached to the front of the vehicle of the aforementioned base machine, A first spray nozzle attached to the tip of the first boom, A second boom extending from a slewing section mounted on the upper surface of the base machine so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, It comprises a second spray nozzle attached to the tip of the second boom, The slewing section is positioned higher than the base of the first boom, and the second boom is longer than the first boom. A tunnel spraying method using a spraying device in which the slewing section is positioned at a height of 2m or more above the ground surface of the base machine, and the movement of the second boom is restricted from horizontal to elevation, The steps include setting the movement of the second boom to be restricted from horizontal to elevation, A tunnel spraying construction method characterized by comprising the step of spraying the hardening material onto the excavation surface using both the first spraying nozzle and the second spraying nozzle, which are positioned opposite the excavation surface.

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