Visual field evaluation device

Abstract

To provide a field-of-view evaluation apparatus suitable for evaluating a field of view outside a building that a person can view through an opening of the building from a specific point of view inside the building.SOLUTION: A field-of-view evaluation apparatus 1 includes: a region setting unit 12 which sets a central viewing region RA and a surrounding viewing region RB in an image of an opening 7; a total viewing area calculation unit 13 which calculates, as a total viewing area ST, a sum of an area SA of the central viewing region RA and an area SB obtained by multiplying an area SB of the surrounding viewing region RB by a first correction coefficient of less than 1; an outside viewing area calculation unit 14 which calculates, as an outside viewing area St, a sum of an area Sa of an outside field of view included in the central viewing region RA in which an obstacle 5 exists, and an area obtained by multiplying the first correction coefficient by an area Sb of an outside field of view W included in the surrounding viewing region RB in which the obstacle 5 exists; and an evaluation index calculation unit 15 which calculates a field-of-view evaluation index on the basis of a ratio of the outside viewing area St with respect to the total viewing area ST.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a visibility evaluation device for evaluating the visibility of the exterior of a building.

Background Art

[0002] As this type of technology, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a visibility rate calculation device that calculates the visibility rate of an evaluation object viewed from a fulcrum using a virtual space. In this device, after creating a three-dimensional shape model, when there is an obstacle within the field of view, the evaluation object and the obstacle are projected onto a virtual screen, and the visibility rate is calculated from the projected area ratio of these.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, even if the device of Patent Document 1 is used, it is difficult to evaluate the visibility that a person feels when looking at the opening of a building. Specifically, most of the visibility evaluation indices evaluate including factors of the outdoor scenery or specifying the viewing object, and are not uniform indices that can be simply evaluated without including the outdoor situation. Furthermore, since Patent Document 1 does not consider the characteristics of "central vision and peripheral vision" of the human eye, there is a possibility that it is not sufficient to evaluate the actual visibility of the exterior of the building that a person can see.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a visibility evaluation device suitable for evaluating the visibility of the exterior of a building that a person can see through the opening of the building from a specific viewpoint inside the building.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] In view of the above problems, the visibility evaluation device according to the present invention is a visibility evaluation device that evaluates the visibility of the outside of a building, such that a person can see through an opening in the building from a specific viewpoint inside the building, the visibility evaluation device evaluates the visibility when an obstacle exists that obstructs the external view of the outside of the building when the opening is viewed from the viewpoint, the visibility evaluation device comprises a processing device for performing the evaluation, the processing device includes an image registration unit which registers an image of a perspective view of the opening together with the obstacle from the viewpoint, or an image of the opening together with the obstacle taken from the viewpoint, and a central field of view region which is the central field of view of the person when the person views the opening from the viewpoint, The device is characterized by comprising: a region setting unit that sets the peripheral field of view region, which exists around the central field of view region and constitutes the peripheral vision of the person, in the image of the aperture; a total field of view area calculation unit that calculates the total field of view area as the sum of the area of ​​the central field of view region and the area obtained by multiplying the area of ​​the peripheral field of view region by a first correction coefficient of less than 1; an external field of view area calculation unit that calculates the external field of view area as the sum of the area of ​​the external field of view reflected in the central field of view region when the obstacle is present and the area obtained by multiplying the area of ​​the external field of view reflected in the peripheral field of view region when the obstacle is present by the first correction coefficient; and an evaluation index calculation unit that calculates the evaluation index of the visibility based on the ratio of the external field of view area to the total field of view area.

[0007] According to the present invention, the region setting unit sets the central field of view region, which is the central vision of a person, and the peripheral field of view region, which is located around the central field of view region and is the peripheral vision of a person, in the image of the aperture. The total field of view area calculation unit calculates the total field of view area as the sum of the area of ​​the peripheral field of view region multiplied by a first correction coefficient of less than 1. In this way, the calculated total field of view area is an area that takes into account the characteristics of the central and peripheral vision of the human eye.

[0008] Next, the external field of view area calculation unit calculates the external field of view area as the sum of the area of ​​the building's external field of view that is reflected in the central field of view area when an obstacle is present, and the area obtained by multiplying the area of ​​the external field of view that is reflected in the peripheral field of view area when an obstacle is present by a first correction coefficient. Here, the calculated external field of view area is the area obtained by correcting the area of ​​the external field of view that is reflected in the peripheral field of view area when an obstacle is present by a first correction coefficient of less than 1. In this way, the calculated external field of view area is an area that takes into account the characteristics of central vision and peripheral vision of the human eye.

[0009] The evaluation index calculation unit calculates a visibility evaluation index based on the ratio of the external field of view area calculated by the external field of view area calculation unit to the total field of view area calculated by the total field of view area calculation unit. Therefore, the calculated visibility evaluation index is a numerical indicator that represents the visibility of the external field of view from the building's openings to the outside of the building, taking into account the characteristics of central and peripheral vision of the human eye, even in the presence of obstacles. In this way, visibility can be quantified and evaluated using the visibility evaluation index.

[0010] Here, the first correction coefficient is not particularly limited as long as it is greater than 0 and less than 1, and more preferably, the first correction coefficient is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5. By setting the first correction coefficient within this range, the difference in visual field characteristics between the central visual field and the peripheral visual field can be numerically differentiated. If the first correction coefficient is less than 0.1, the difference in visual field characteristics between the central visual field and the peripheral visual field will be overestimated. The reason the lower limit of the first correction coefficient is set to 0.1 is that in the peripheral visual field, a person's visual acuity is at its lowest point of 1 / 10. On the other hand, if the first correction coefficient exceeds 0.5, the difference in visual field characteristics between the central visual field and the peripheral visual field will be underestimated. This first correction coefficient may be set according to a person's age. For example, since the peripheral visual field deteriorates above a certain age, the first correction coefficient may be set to decrease with increasing age above that certain age.

[0011] In a more preferred embodiment, the opening is covered with a light-transmitting plate that transmits natural light, and the evaluation index calculation unit calculates the visibility evaluation index by multiplying the ratio of the external viewing area to the total viewing area by a second correction coefficient based on the transmittance of natural light of the light-transmitting plate.

[0012] In this embodiment, the visibility changes because the openings in the building are covered with translucent panels such as glass or resin plates. Therefore, in this embodiment, the evaluation index calculation unit calculates the visibility evaluation index by multiplying the ratio of the external viewing area to the total viewing area by a second correction coefficient based on the transmittance of natural light through the translucent panel. This makes it possible to calculate the visibility evaluation index with greater accuracy by taking into account the visibility due to the translucent panel.

[0013] Here, the second correction coefficient is set to 1 when there is no light-transmitting plate, and when there is a light-transmitting plate, the transmittance of natural light through the light-transmitting plate itself may be used as the second correction coefficient. However, in a more preferred embodiment, when the second correction coefficient is b, the transmittance is R, and the constant is n, the evaluation index calculation unit sets the second correction coefficient to b = R n It is calculated using the formula (where n is in the range of 0.30 to 0.40).

[0014] According to this embodiment, the second correction coefficient is calculated using an equation based on Stevens' Law, so that a correction can be made that takes into account the actual appearance based on the transmittance of a light-transmitting plate such as a glass plate. That is, the transmittance R represents the intensity of the light stimulus entering the person's eye, and the magnitude of the person's visual perception is expressed using the transmittance R, R n It has been found that this can be expressed as (where n is in the range of 0.30 to 0.40). Therefore, using this formula, the second correction coefficient can be converted from the transmittance of the light-transmitting plate to the magnitude of human eye perception, and a field of view evaluation index can be calculated that matches the actual external field of view seen by a person through the light-transmitting plate. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] According to the present invention, it is possible to more accurately calculate a visual field evaluation index that a person can be seen through an opening of a building from a specific viewpoint inside the building.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view for explaining an external visual field of an opening of a building to be evaluated by the visual field evaluation apparatus according to the present embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a system including the visual field evaluation apparatus according to the present embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a processing apparatus of the visual field evaluation apparatus shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an opening of a building as seen from the viewpoint shown in FIG. 1 together with a vertical louver. [Figure 5] FIG. 20 is a perspective view for explaining a region setting unit for an opening of the building in FIG. 4. [Figure 6] (a) is a diagram for explaining the area of the central visual field region by the total visual field area calculation unit, and (b) is a diagram for explaining the area of the peripheral visual field region by the total visual field area calculation unit. [Figure 7] (a) is a diagram for explaining the area of the external visual field projected into the central visual field region by the external visual field area calculation unit, and (b) is a diagram for explaining the area of the external visual field projected into the peripheral visual field region in a state where an obstacle exists. [Figure 8] FIG. 29 is a work flow diagram of the visual field evaluation apparatus according to the present embodiment.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] Hereinafter, the visual field evaluation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

[0018] 1. Regarding the opening 7 of the building 100 and the vertical louver (obstacle) 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view for explaining an external view W of an opening 7 of a building 100 to be evaluated by a visual field evaluation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the visual field evaluation apparatus 1 is an apparatus that evaluates the visual field of the outside of the building that can be seen by a person P through the opening 7 of the building 100 from a specific viewpoint F in the interior 21 of the building 100.

[0019] In the present embodiment, the visual field evaluation apparatus 1 evaluates how much of the external view W outside the building 100 can be seen from a specific viewpoint F where a person P in the interior 21 views an opening 7 such as a window formed in the wall portion 4 of the building 100. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the visual field evaluation apparatus 1 evaluates the visual field of the external view W in a state where a vertical louver 5 (obstacle) exists as a window accessory in the opening 7 of the building 100.

[0020] The vertical louver 5 has a plurality of long louver members 51, 51,... extending along the vertical direction and is attached to the outer wall of the building 100 with a space therebetween in the horizontal direction. In the present embodiment, as an example, a vertical louver 5 that constitutes a part of the building 100 is illustrated. However, for example, as long as it is an obstacle that obstructs the external view W outside the building, it is not limited to this, and for example, a waist wall, a horizontal louver, or a blind may be used.

[0021] 2. Regarding the hardware configuration of the visual field evaluation apparatus 1 As hardware, the visual field evaluation apparatus 1 has a processing device 具有 a storage unit 10A composed of a ROM, a RAM, etc., and an arithmetic unit 10B composed of a CPU, etc. The storage unit 10A records an image of a perspective view of the opening 7 together with the obstacle from a specific viewpoint F, an evaluation program for visual field, etc., and the arithmetic unit 10B executes an evaluation program, etc.

[0022] The visual field evaluation apparatus 1 may include an input device 31 and an output device 32. In this case, the input device 31 and the output device 32 are connected to the processing device 10. In the present embodiment, a touch panel display in which the input device 31 and the output device 32 are integrated may be used.

[0023] The input device 31 receives data such as the perspective view image and evaluation program described above. In this embodiment, the input device 31 may, for example, receive image data captured by an imaging device (not shown) that captures images from a specific viewpoint F. The data received by the input device 31 is stored in the storage unit 10A. The output device 32 displays the image data captured by the imaging device 20, the perspective view image described above, and the calculation results calculated by the calculation unit 10B.

[0024] 3. Software configuration of the processing unit 10 In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the processing device 10 includes at least an image registration unit 11, a region setting unit 12, a total field of view area calculation unit 13, an external field of view area calculation unit 14, and an evaluation index calculation unit 15.

[0025] 3-1. About the image registration unit 11 The image registration unit 11 stores an image of a perspective view of the opening 7, along with the vertical louvers 5 which are obstacles, from a specific viewpoint F of the interior 21 shown in Figure 1. Specifically, as shown in Figure 4, the image stores an image of the opening 7, which corresponds to the inside of the window frame, as seen from the specific viewpoint F, and an image of the vertical louvers 5, which are present in the opening 7 and are equipped with multiple slat members 51, 51, ...

[0026] In Figure 4, the image of the opening 7 includes an image of the external field of view W, but as is clear from the visibility evaluation method described later, the image to be evaluated does not necessarily have to include an image corresponding to the external field of view W. The image of the vertical louvers 5, which correspond to obstacles, is a perspective view from a specific viewpoint F, a one-point perspective view created with respect to the center of the line of sight of person P in the room 21, and is an image of the vertical louvers 5 present in the opening 7, and the image may be generated by drafting. Therefore, the image registered in the image registration unit 11 may be an image generated by drafting, as long as it can identify the shape and size of the opening 7 from that viewpoint F and the obstacles present in the opening 7.

[0027] In addition, for example, an image captured by an imaging device from a specific position (viewpoint F) inside a room 21 within building 100 may be used. In this case, an image of the opening 7 corresponding to the window frame and an image of an obstacle (vertical louver) inside it are pre-separated from the image captured by the imaging device and registered in the image registration unit 11. Alternatively, for example, an image captured by an imaging device may be input to the processing unit 10, and image processing, machine learning, etc., may be used to automatically separate the image of the opening 7 corresponding to the window frame and the image of an obstacle (vertical louver) inside it within the processing unit 10, and these images may be registered.

[0028] 3-2. Regarding the area setting unit 12 The region setting unit 12 will be explained with reference to Figures 1 and 5. As shown in Figures 1 and 5, the region setting unit 12 sets a central field of view region RA, which is the central field of view of person P, and a peripheral field of view region RB, which is located around the central field of view region RA and is the peripheral field of view of person P, in the image of the opening 7 when person P views the opening 7 from a predetermined viewpoint F in the room 21.

[0029] Specifically, in this embodiment, first, as shown in Figures 1 and 5, with the line of sight CL of person P directed slightly above the center of the opening 7 (center of the window), the overall central field of view R1, which is person P's central vision, is approximately elliptical in shape, and the overall peripheral field of view R2, which is person P's peripheral vision, is set from a predetermined viewpoint F. Here, from the predetermined viewpoint F, the central field of view RA, which is included in the image (area) of the opening 7, and the peripheral field of view RB, which is included in the image (area) of the opening 7, are set from person P's overall central field of view R1.

[0030] In other words, the central field of view region RA is the region where the overall central field of view region R1 and the region of the aperture 7 overlap, and in this embodiment, it is the region where a part of the overall central field of view region R1 is missing. The peripheral field of view region RB is the region where the overall peripheral field of view region R2 and the aperture 7 overlap, and in this embodiment, the peripheral field of view region RB is entirely included in the overall peripheral field of view region R2, so it is the region of the aperture 7 excluding the central field of view region RA. The boundaries of each of these regions can be identified by the pixels of the image.

[0031] Here, generally speaking, the overall central visual field area R1 visible in central vision is preferably, from a medical standpoint, the range in which information can be instantaneously received by eye movements alone (effective field of view). For example, the effective field of view may be set to a range of 30° horizontally (15° to the left and right of the center line) and 20° vertically (8° above and 12° below the center line), with the line of sight CL of person P as the center line. Therefore, the area projected onto the image of the aperture 7 (a roughly elliptical area) that fills this range of field of view angles may be defined as the central visual field area RA.

[0032] Furthermore, the overall peripheral vision area R2 visible in peripheral vision is preferably, from a medical standpoint, an area that has low information discrimination ability but influences the subjective spatial coordinate system (guided field of view). For example, the guided field of view may be set to a range of 100° horizontally (50° to the left and right of the center line) and 85° vertically (35° above and 50° below the center line), with the line of sight CL of person P as the center line. Therefore, the area projected onto the image of aperture 7 (a roughly elliptical area), excluding the central field of view area RA described above, may be defined as the peripheral vision area RB, so as to satisfy this range of field of view angles.

[0033] Furthermore, the setting method described above is common, and if the central visual field region RA and peripheral visual field region RB are set using the same method for multiple visual fields to evaluate their visibility, then their visibility can be evaluated relatively. Therefore, the method of setting the regions is not limited.

[0034] 3-3. About the total field of view area calculation unit 13 The total field of view area calculation unit 13 will be explained with reference to Figures 6(a) and (b). The total field of view area calculation unit 13 calculates the total field of view area ST as the sum of the area SA of the central field of view area RA shown in Figure 6(a) and the area SB of the peripheral field of view area RB shown in Figure 6(b) multiplied by a first correction coefficient a of less than 1. Specifically, the total field of view area ST can be expressed by the following formula (1). ST = SA + SB × a ... (1)

[0035] The sum of the area SA of the central field of view region RA and the area SB of the peripheral field of view region RB is the area of ​​aperture 7. These areas may be calculated from the number of pixels, and the field of view evaluation index V, which will be described later, is a ratio, so it may also be the number of pixels itself.

[0036] As shown in equation (1), by multiplying the area SB of the peripheral visual field RB by a first correction coefficient a of less than 1, the characteristic of the human eye that the peripheral visual field RB is more difficult to see than the central visual field RA can be quantitatively expressed using the area SA of the central visual field RA and the area SB of the peripheral visual field RB.

[0037] Here, the first correction coefficient a is not particularly limited as long as it is greater than 0 and less than 1, but it is preferable that the first correction coefficient a is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5. By setting the first correction coefficient a to this range, the difference in field of view characteristics between the central field of view region RA and the peripheral field of view region RB can be numerically differentiated.

[0038] Here, if the first correction coefficient a is less than 0.1, the difference in visual field characteristics between the central visual field region RA and the peripheral visual field region RB will be overestimated. The reason the lower limit of the first correction coefficient a is set at 0.1 is because in the peripheral visual field region RB, a person's visual acuity is at its lowest point of 1 / 10. On the other hand, if the first correction coefficient a exceeds 0.5, the difference in visual field characteristics between the central visual field region RA and the peripheral visual field region RB will be underestimated.

[0039] Furthermore, this first correction coefficient may be set according to the person's age. For example, the peripheral visual field area RB decreases above a certain age. Therefore, the input device 31 may be used to input the age of person P, and the total visual field area calculation unit 13 may set the first correction coefficient a such that, above that certain age, the first correction coefficient a decreases as the age increases.

[0040] 3-4. Regarding the external field of view area calculation unit 14 The external field of view area calculation unit 14 will be explained with reference to Figures 7(a) and (b). The external field of view area calculation unit 14 calculates the external field of view area St as the sum of the area Sa of the external field of view Wa projected into the central field of view area RA when the vertical louvers (obstacles) 5 shown in Figure 7(a) are present, and the area Sb of the external field of view Wb projected into the peripheral field of view area RB when the vertical louvers (obstacles) 5 are present, multiplied by the second correction coefficient b. Specifically, the external field of view area St can be expressed by the following equation (2). St = Sa + Sb × b ... (2)

[0041] Here, the area Sa of the external field of view Wa reflected in the central field of view RA is the area of ​​the hatched portion in Figure 7(a). Specifically, the area Sa of the external field of view Wa can be calculated by subtracting the area La of the vertical louvers 5 present in the central field of view RA (in Figure 7(a), this is the combined area of ​​the five slat members 51 drawn in perspective) from the area SA of the central field of view RA.

[0042] Similarly, the area Sb of the external field of view Wb reflected in the peripheral field of view RB is the area of ​​the hatched portion in Figure 7(b). Specifically, it can be calculated by subtracting the area Lb of the vertical louvers 5 present in the peripheral field of view RB (in Figure 7(b), this is the combined area of ​​the vane members 51 drawn in perspective) from the area SB of the peripheral field of view RB.

[0043] Furthermore, if the unit of the total field of view ST is the number of pixels, the external field of view ST may be calculated from the number of pixels, and the field of view evaluation index V, which will be described later, is a ratio, so it may be the number of pixels itself.

[0044] As shown in equation (2), by multiplying the area Sb of the external field of view Wb reflected in the peripheral field of view RB by a first correction coefficient a, which is less than 1 and the same value as in equation (1), the characteristic of the human eye that the peripheral field of view RB is more difficult to see than the central field of view RA can be expressed quantitatively, in the same way as in equation (1).

[0045] 3-5. Regarding the Evaluation Index Calculation Unit 15 The evaluation index calculation unit 15 calculates a field of view evaluation index V based on the ratio of the external field of view area St calculated by the external field of view area calculation unit 14 to the total field of view area ST calculated by the total field of view area calculation unit 13.

[0046] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the opening 7 is covered with a glass plate (translucent plate) 71 that transmits natural light, and the evaluation index calculation unit 15 also takes into account the effect of this glass plate 71 on how the external field of view W appears. Specifically, the evaluation index calculation unit 15 calculates the field of view evaluation index V by multiplying the ratio of the external field of view area St to the total field of view area ST by a second correction coefficient b based on the transmittance of natural light of the glass plate 71.

[0047] Specifically, the visual field evaluation index V can be expressed by the following formula (3). Note that the visual field evaluation index V is a dimensionless quantity that can be expressed as a percentage. V = St / ST × b × 100 …(3)

[0048] Here, the second correction coefficient b may be, for example, the transmittance of natural light through the glass plate (translucent plate) 71 itself. However, it is known that humans have a visual characteristic in which the field of view seen through a translucent plate such as a glass plate becomes easier to see as the transmittance increases in the range where the transmittance of the translucent plate is low, but in the range where the transmittance is high, there is no change in ease of seeing even if the transmittance increases.

[0049] Based on these visual characteristics, when the second correction coefficient is denoted as b, the transmittance of the glass plate (translucent plate) 71 is R, and the constant is n, the evaluation index calculation unit 15 calculates the second correction coefficient b using the following formula (4). However, n is in the range of 0.30 to 0.40. b=R n …(4)

[0050] The second correction coefficient b utilizes the equation (4), which is based on Stevens' law, and therefore allows for correction that takes into account the actual appearance based on the transmittance R of a light-transmitting plate such as a glass plate 71. In other words, transmittance R represents the intensity of the light stimulus entering a person's eye, and the magnitude of that person's visual perception can be expressed using transmittance R, R n It is known that this can be expressed as (where n is in the range of 0.30 to 0.40). Therefore, using this formula, the second correction coefficient b can be converted from the transmittance R of the light-transmitting plate to the magnitude of human eye perception, and a visual field evaluation index V can be calculated that matches the actual external field of view E seen by a person through the light-transmitting plate.

[0051] The following describes the workflow of the visibility evaluation device 1 according to this embodiment, with reference to Figure 8. First, in step S1, the image registration unit 11 registers images of the opening 7 and the vertical louvers 5 (obstacles) of the building 100. The images to be registered may include an image of the opening 7 as seen from a specific viewpoint F, and a perspective view (one-point perspective) of the vertical louvers 5 of the opening 7, or they may be images captured by an imaging device, for example.

[0052] Next, in step S2, the region setting unit 12 sets the image of the aperture 7 to include the central field of view region RA, which is the central field of view for person P when they view the aperture 7 from a predetermined viewpoint F in the room 21, and the peripheral field of view region RB, which is located around the central field of view region RA and is the peripheral field of view for person P.

[0053] Next, in step S3, the total field area calculation unit 13 sets a first correction coefficient a, and then uses equation (1) to calculate the total field area ST as the sum of the area SA of the central field area RA and the area SB of the peripheral field area RB multiplied by a first correction coefficient a of less than 1.

[0054] Next, in step S4, the external field of view area calculation unit 14 calculates the area Sa of the external field of view Wa that is projected onto the central field of view area RA when the vertical louvers (obstacles) 5 are present. In step S5, the area Sb of the external field of view Wb that is projected onto the peripheral field of view area RB when the vertical louvers (obstacles) 5 are present is calculated.

[0055] Next, in step S6, the external field of view area calculation unit 14 calculates the external field of view area St using equation (2) described above, by summing the area Sa of the external field of view Wa that is projected onto the central field of view area RA calculated in step S5 with the area Sb of the external field of view Wb that is projected onto the peripheral field of view area RB calculated in step S6, multiplied by the second correction coefficient b. Specifically, the external field of view area St can be expressed by equation (2) described above.

[0056] Next, in step S7, the external field of view area calculation unit 14 calculates the second correction coefficient b using the above-described equation (4). In this case, the transmittance R in equation (4) is the transmittance of natural light of the light-transmitting plate (glass plate 71) (specifically, the value obtained by dividing the amount of light with the light-transmitting plate per unit area by the amount of light without the light-transmitting plate, the transmittance listed in the catalog, etc.). For n, a value such as 0.33 is used.

[0057] Finally, in step S8, the evaluation index calculation unit 15 uses the above-described formula (3) to calculate the field of view evaluation index V by multiplying the ratio of the external field of view area St calculated in step S6 to the total field of view area ST calculated in step S3 by the second correction coefficient b calculated in step S7.

[0058] According to this embodiment, the calculated visibility evaluation index V is an index that numerically represents the visibility of the external field of view W, taking into account the characteristics of central and peripheral vision of the human eye, while the vertical louvers (obstacles) 5 are present. In this way, visibility can be quantified and evaluated using the visibility evaluation index. In particular, in this embodiment, the visibility evaluation index can be easily calculated simply by registering a perspective view of the vertical louvers (obstacles) 5 in the opening 7 of the building 100 or an equivalent image. [Examples]

[0059] Below, based on the examples and reference examples 1-4, we calculated the evaluation index for the visibility of the external field of view through the openings of a building.

[0060] [Example 1] In Example 1, the visibility evaluation index V was calculated using the model illustrated in the first embodiment. Here, as shown in Table 1, in order to perform a correction that takes into account the visibility characteristics, the first correction coefficient a was set to 0.1, and the total field of view area ST and the external field of view area St were calculated, and the ratio of the external field of view area St to the total field of view area ST (area ratio St / ST due to the vertical louvers 5) was calculated. As a result, St / ST was 75.8%.

[0061] Next, a second correction coefficient b was calculated as a visual characteristic. Here, in equation (4), 0.600 was used for the transmittance R of the glass plate 71, and 0.33 was used for n. As a result, the second correction coefficient was 0.844. By multiplying St / ST by b, the visual field evaluation index V was obtained to be 63.8%.

[0062] [Example 2] The visual field evaluation index V was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that only the correction using the first correction coefficient a was performed, and the correction using the second correction coefficient b was not performed (specifically, the first correction coefficient a was set to 0.1 and the second correction coefficient b was set to 1.000), and the visual field evaluation index V was calculated using equation (3). The results are shown in Table 1. Note that the evaluation index V calculated in Example 2 is a value that takes into account the visual field characteristics of the human eye, compared to the evaluation index V of Comparative Example 1, which will be described later.

[0063] [Comparative Example 1] The visibility evaluation index V was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the visibility evaluation index V was calculated using formula (3) without applying the first correction coefficient a or the second correction coefficient b (specifically, the first correction coefficient a was set to 1.0 and the second correction coefficient b to 1.000). In other words, the visibility evaluation index V of Comparative Example 1 corresponds to the ratio of the area of ​​the external field of view visible from the vertical louvers to the total area of ​​the opening. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] [Comparative Example 2] The visibility evaluation index V was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the correction using the first correction coefficient a was not performed, and only the second correction coefficient b was applied (specifically, the first correction coefficient a was set to 1.0, and the second correction coefficient b was set to the transmittance of the glass plate 71 of 0.600), and the visibility evaluation index V was calculated using equation (3). In other words, the evaluation index V calculated in Comparative Example 2 is the same as the evaluation index V in Comparative Example 1, but with the transmittance of the light-transmitting plate taken into account. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] [Comparative Example 3] The visual field evaluation index V was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the first correction coefficient a was not used, and only the second correction coefficient b was used (specifically, the first correction coefficient a was set to 1.0, and the second correction coefficient b was set to 0.843, as in Example 1), and the visual field evaluation index V was calculated using equation (3). In other words, the evaluation index V calculated in Comparative Example 3 is a value that takes into account the visual characteristics (Stevens's Law) due to the glass plate, compared to the evaluation index V of Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0066] [Table 1]

[0067] Comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 1, the visual field evaluation index V for Example 2 was higher than that of Comparative Example 1. This is because Example 2 takes into account the visual field characteristics of the eye, and this result can be said to be reasonable from the perspective of how the actual external field of vision appears.

[0068] Comparing Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the visual field evaluation index V for Comparative Example 1 was smaller than that for Comparative Example 2. This is a result of taking into account the transmittance and visual characteristics of the glass plate, and it can be said that this relationship is reasonable.

[0069] Furthermore, comparing Comparative Example 2 with Comparative Example 3, the visual field evaluation index V for Comparative Example 3 was higher than that for Comparative Example 2. In fact, in the model shown in Figure 2, if the second correction coefficient b is used as is, with the transmittance of the glass plate being 0.600, the visual field evaluation index V for Comparative Example 2 becomes an extremely low value of 37.8%, which differs significantly from how the actual external field of view appears. Therefore, as in Comparative Example 3, by taking into account the visual characteristics of the glass plate (Stevens's Law) in addition to the evaluation index V of Comparative Example 1, it is possible to more closely approximate how the actual external field of view appears.

[0070] From the above results, as shown in Examples 1 and 2, it is necessary to take into account the visual field characteristics of the human eye when calculating the evaluation index V using the first correction coefficient a. Furthermore, to improve the accuracy of the evaluation index V, it is preferable to use the second correction coefficient b, and in particular, it is even more preferable to take into account the visual characteristics of the glass plate (Stevens's Law) using the second correction coefficient b, as in Example 1.

[0071] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various design modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as described in the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0072] 1: Field of view evaluation device, 5: Vertical louver (obstacle), 7: Aperture, 10: Processing device, 11: Image registration unit, 12: Area setting unit, 13: Total field of view area calculation unit, 14: External field of view area calculation unit, 15: Evaluation index calculation unit, 21: Indoors, 100: Building, 21: Indoors, F: Viewpoint, RA: Central field of view area, RB: Peripheral field of view area, SA: Area of ​​central field of view area, Sa: Area of ​​external field of view reflected in central field of view area, SB: Area of ​​peripheral field of view area, Sb: Area of ​​external field of view W reflected in peripheral field of view area when an obstacle is present, ST: Total field of view area, St: External field of view area, V: Evaluation index, W: External field of view

Claims

1. A visibility evaluation device for evaluating the visibility of the outside of a building, such that a person can be seen through an opening in the building from a specific viewpoint inside the building, The aforementioned visibility evaluation device evaluates the visibility when an obstruction is present that obstructs the external view of the building's exterior when the opening is viewed from the aforementioned viewpoint. The aforementioned visual field evaluation device includes a processing device for performing the evaluation, The aforementioned processing apparatus is An image registration unit that registers a perspective view image of the opening together with the obstacle from the aforementioned viewpoint, or an image of the opening together with the obstacle from the aforementioned viewpoint, A region setting unit sets the image of the opening to include a central field of view region, which is the person's central field of view when the person views the opening from the aforementioned viewpoint, and a peripheral field of view region, which is located around the central field of view region and is the person's peripheral field of view. A total field of view area calculation unit calculates the total field of view area as the sum of the area of ​​the central field of view area and the area obtained by multiplying the area of ​​the peripheral field of view area by a first correction coefficient of less than 1. An external field of view area calculation unit calculates the external field of view area as the sum of the area of ​​the external field of view that is reflected in the central field of view area when the obstacle is present, and the area obtained by multiplying the area of ​​the external field of view that is reflected in the peripheral field of view area when the obstacle is present by the first correction coefficient. An evaluation index calculation unit calculates the evaluation index for visibility based on the ratio of the external field of view area to the total field of view area, A visual field evaluation device characterized by comprising the following features.

2. The visual field evaluation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first correction coefficient is in the range of 0.1 to 0.

5.

3. The aforementioned opening is covered with a light-transmitting plate that allows natural light to pass through. The visibility evaluation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaluation index calculation unit calculates the visibility evaluation index by multiplying the ratio of the external field of view area to the total field of view area by a second correction coefficient based on the transmittance of natural light of the light-transmitting plate.

4. When the second correction coefficient is b, the transmittance is R, and the constant is n, the evaluation index calculation unit calculates the second correction coefficient as b = R ｎ The visual field evaluation device according to claim 3, characterized in that it is calculated using the formula (where n is in the range of 0.30 to 0.40).

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