Method for producing fluorine-containing polymers and fluorine-containing polymers

Abstract

To provide a method for producing a novel fluorinated polymer having various fluorinated groups introduced thereto, and to provide a novel fluorinated polymer.SOLUTION: A method for producing a fluorinated polymer disclosed herein includes the reaction of a polymer including a unit represented by the following formula (I) with a fluorinated compound represented by the following formula (II): R1-X1-(RF1)r-CF2-I, resulting in a fluorinated polymer including a unit represented by the following formula (III).SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to a method for producing fluorine-containing polymers and to fluorine-containing polymers. [Background technology]

[0002] Fluorine-containing polymer materials possess various properties derived from fluorine atoms and are utilized in many fields. Regarding such fluorine-containing polymer materials, Non-Patent Document 1 describes the synthesis of 4'-nonafluorobutylstyrene using 1-iodoperfluorobutane and styrene monomer, and the polymerization of the 4'-nonafluorobutylstyrene to obtain a polymer. Non-Patent Document 2 describes the introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into aromatic polymers such as polystyrene using bis(trifluoroacetyl) peroxide. Non-Patent Document 3 describes the introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into poly(α-methylstyrene) etc. using (perfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate. Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 describe the introduction of a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms into polystyrene using perfluorocarboxylic acid anhydrides. Furthermore, Non-Patent Document 6 describes the synthesis of 1-(5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-octafluoro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethane-1-one using 1,4-diiodoperfluorobutane and 3'-bromo-4'-iodoacetophenone, the reduction and dehydration of the acetyl group of the compound to obtain a vinyl group, and the polymerization of this vinyl group to obtain a polymer. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0003] [Non-Patent Document 1] Flavio Ceretta et al., Conventional radical polymerization and iodine-transfer polymerization of 4'-nonafluorobutyl styrene: Surface and thermal characterizations of the resulting poly(fluorostyrene)s, Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 50, 3202-3212. [Non-Patent Document 2] Yoshio Hayakawa et al., Trifluoromethylation by bis(trifluoroacetyl) peroxide of polymers bearing benzene rings, Polymer, 42, 4081-4086. [Non-Patent Document 3] Hideo Shuyama, Perfluoroalkylation of poly(α-methylstyrene) and poly(phenyl methacrylate), Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 29, 467-470. [Non-Patent Document 4] Sally E Lewis et al., Upcycling aromatic polymers through C-H fluoroalkylation, Chemical Science, 10, 6270-6277. [Non-Patent Document 5] Sally E Lewis et al., Organocatalytic C-H fluoroalkylation of commodity polymers, Polymer Chemistry, 11, 4914-4919. [Non-Patent Document 6] Tatsuo Hisa et al., Synthesis and characterization of a polystyrene-type polymer bearing acyclic perfluoroalkylene group, Polymer, 265 (2023) 1215588. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] Non-patent documents 1 and 6 describe a process that involves producing monomers containing fluorine groups before manufacturing polymers, resulting in a large number of steps and unsatisfactory manufacturing efficiency. Furthermore, non-patent document 1 limits the types of fluorine groups that can be introduced into the monomer.

[0005] On the other hand, while Non-Patent Documents 2-5 introduce fluorine-containing groups into polymers, the bis(trifluoroacetyl) peroxide used in Non-Patent Document 2, the (perfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate used in Non-Patent Document 3, and the perfluorocarboxylic acid anhydrides used in Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 have limited structural variations of fluorine-containing groups, thus limiting the types of fluorine-containing groups that can be introduced into polymers. Furthermore, bis(trifluoroacetyl) peroxide and (perfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate from Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 are known to be explosive. In addition, expensive reagents are required to produce the perfluorocarboxylic acid anhydrides from Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5.

[0006] This disclosure aims to provide a method for producing novel fluorine-containing polymers into which various fluorine-containing groups have been introduced, and novel fluorine-containing polymers. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] This disclosure includes the following aspects: <1> A method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, The following equation (I): [Chemical formula] [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, R f4 , f2 , 6-20 , f2 , , f4 , f3 , <00000​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1, independently in each occurrence. By reacting it with a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following formula (III): [ka] [In formula (III), A, R F1 , X 1 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 And r have the same meaning as above. A method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, comprising obtaining a fluorine-containing polymer containing units represented by .

[0008] <2> A method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, The following equation (I): [ka] [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] A polymer containing units represented by, The following equation (VI): IR 40 -I (VI) [In formula (VI), R 40 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 3-6 [Represents an alkylene group.] By reacting it with a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following formula (VII): [ka] [In formula (VII), A, R 2 , R 3 and R 40 This is synonymous with the above. A method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, comprising obtaining a fluorine-containing polymer containing units represented by .

[0009] <3> The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (IV-a): [ka] [In formula (IV-a), R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. The unit represented by the following formula (IV-b): [ka] [In formula (IV-b), R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom.] Further including one or more units selected from those represented by <1> or <2> The manufacturing method described above.

[0010] <4> The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (Ia): [ka] [In formula (I-1), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. xa represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. Represented by, <1> ~ <3> A manufacturing method described in any one of the following.

[0011] <5> The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (Ib): [ka] [In formula (Ib), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. xb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xb and yb is arbitrary in equation (Ib). Represented by, <1> ~ <3> A manufacturing method described in any one of the following.

[0012] <6> The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (Ic): [ka] [In formula (I-c), A, in each occurrence, independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, R 2 represents, in each occurrence, independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R 3 represents, in each occurrence, independently a C 1-4 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R 11 represents, in each occurrence, independently a C 1-4 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R 12 represents, in each occurrence, independently a C 1-4 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, xc represents an integer from 1 to 10,000, zc represents an integer from 1 to 10,000, The order of existence of the units enclosed in parentheses with xc and zc is arbitrary in formula (I-c).] The production method according to any one of <1> to <3>, represented by

[0013] <7> The polymer is the following formula (I-d): [Chemical formula] [In formula (I-d), A, in each occurrence, independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, R 2 represents, in each occurrence, independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R 3 represents, in each occurrence, independently a C 1-4represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R 5 in each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R 6 in each occurrence, independently represents a C 1-4 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, R 7 in each occurrence, independently represents a C 1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a vinyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a C 1-16 hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 -CO-NR 9 R 10 represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and an iodine atom, R 8 in each occurrence, independently represents a C 1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a sodium cation, a potassium cation, an ammonium cation or a hydrogen atom, R 9 in each occurrence, independently represents a C 1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms or a hydrogen atom, R 10 in each occurrence, independently represents a C 1-16 ​​​​​​​​​​​1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. xd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units xd, yd, and zd, enclosed in parentheses, is arbitrary within equation (Id). Represented by, <1> ~ <3> A manufacturing method described in any one of the following.

[0014] <8> The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (Ie): [ka] [In formula (Ie), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. xe1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xe2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. 'ye' represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of existence of the units xe1, xe2, and ye, enclosed in parentheses, is arbitrary in equation (Ie). Represented by, <1> ~ <3> A manufacturing method described in any one of the following.

[0015] <9> The aforementioned polymer is The following expression (If): [ka] In formula (I-f), A, in each occurrence, independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, R 2 , in each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R 3 , in each occurrence, independently represents a C 1-4 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R<00001​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Represents an alkylene group, R F This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 31 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 7-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. A fluorine-containing polymer containing units represented by .

[0017] <11> The following formula (VII): [Chemical formula] [[END}} [In formula (VII), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, R 2 represents, in each occurrence, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R 3 represents, in each occurrence, independently of each other, a C 1-4 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R 40 represents a C 3-6 alkylene group which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms.] A fluorine-containing polymer containing a unit represented by

[0018] <12> The following formula (III): [[ID=三十七]] [Chemical formula] [[END}} [In formula (III), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, R F1 represents -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q -, Rf represents, in each occurrence, independently of each other, a C 1-16 alkylene group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, R F represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 represents a C 1-16 alkylene group or a single bond which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms, R 1 ) represents a C 1-16 alkyl group, a C which may have one or more substituents,6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. The units represented by, The following equation (VII): [ka] [In formula (VII), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R40 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 3-6 [Represents an alkylene group.] One or more units selected from those represented by, The following equation (IV-a): [ka] [In formula (IV-a), R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. A unit expressed as The following equation (IV-b): [ka] [In formula (IV-b), R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom.] The units represented by, The following equation (IV-c): [ka] [Formula(IV- c ) inside, R 11 This is synonymous with the above, R 13 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Alkyl atoms, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It represents one type selected from among them. R F1 is -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16Represents an alkylene group, R F This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1, independently in each occurrence. A fluorine-containing polymer comprising one or more units selected from those represented by .

[0019] <13> The following equation (Va): [ka] [In formula (Va), A1, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. RF1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 31 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 7-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xa represents an integer between 2 and 10,000. The equation (Va) contains -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 31 The number of [items] is 1 or more. Represented by, <10> or <11> Fluorine-containing polymer described above

[0020] <14> The following equation (Vb): [ka] [In formula (Vb), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] A ring represented by, or by the following formula: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R FEach instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. R 40 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xb and yb is arbitrary in equation (Vb), The equation (Vb) contains -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The number of [items] is 1 or more. Represented by, <12> Fluorine-containing polymers as described above.

[0021] <15> The following equation (Vc): [ka] [In formula (Vc), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 40 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 13C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Alkyl atoms, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It represents one type selected from among them. R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xc represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zc1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zc2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of existence of the units enclosed in parentheses with xc, zc1, and zc2 is arbitrary in equation (Vc), The formula (Vc) contains -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The number of is 1 or more, The asterisks (*) in the expression indicate that the terms are linked together. Represented by, <12> Fluorine-containing polymers as described above.

[0022] <16> The following equation (Vd): [ka] [In formula (Vd), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more types selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. R11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 13 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Alkyl atoms, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It represents one type selected from among them. R 40 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zd1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zd2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xd, yd, and zd is arbitrary in equation (Vd), -CF2-(R) included in equation (Vd) F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The number of is 1 or more, The asterisks (*) in the formula are linked to each other. Represented by, <12> Fluorine-containing polymers as described above.

[0023] <17> The following equation (Ve): [ka] [In formula (Ve), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. R 40 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xe1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xe2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. 'ye' represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of existence of the units xe1, xe2, and ye enclosed in parentheses is arbitrary in equation (Ve), The equation (Ve) contains -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The number of [items] is 1 or more. Represented by, <12> Fluorine-containing polymers as described above.

[0024] <18> The following equation (Vf): [ka] [In formula (Vf), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 13 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Alkyl atoms, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It represents one type selected from among them. R 40C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xf2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zf2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xf, xf2, zf1, and zf2 is arbitrary in equation (Vf), -CF2-(R) included in equation (Vf) F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The number of is 1 or more, The asterisks (*) in the expression indicate that the terms are linked together. Represented by, <12> Fluorine-containing polymers as described above.

[0025] <19> The material comprises a base material and a layer formed on the surface of the base material by a surface treatment agent. The aforementioned substrate is The following equation (I): [ka] [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] The polymer contains units represented by, The aforementioned surface treatment agent The following equation (II): [ka] [In formula (II), R F1 is -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R f2C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. An article containing a fluorine-containing compound represented by [the formula shown].

[0026] <20> This includes reacting a substrate with a surface treatment agent to form a layer on the surface of the substrate. The aforementioned substrate is The following equation (I): [ka] [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] The polymer contains units represented by, The aforementioned surface treatment agent The following equation (II): [ka] [In formula (II), R F1 is -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. A method for producing an article containing a fluorine-containing compound represented by [the formula shown]. [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] According to this disclosure, it is possible to provide a method for producing novel fluorine-containing polymers into which various fluorine-containing groups have been introduced, and novel fluorine-containing polymers. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0028] (Method for producing fluorine-containing polymers) The method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer in this disclosure is: The following equation (I): [ka] [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] A polymer containing units represented by, The following equation (II): [ka] [In formula (II), R F1 is -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -ORf2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. By reacting it with a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following formula (III): [ka] [In formula (III), A, R F1 , X 1 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 And r have the same meaning as above. This includes obtaining a fluorine-containing polymer containing units represented by .

[0029] Furthermore, the method for producing the fluorine-containing polymer of this disclosure is given by the following formula (I): [ka] [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] A polymer containing units represented by, The following equation (VI): IR 40 -I (VI) [In formula (VI), R 40 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 3-6 [Represents an alkylene group.] By reacting it with a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following formula (VII): [ka] [In formula (VII), A, R 2 , R 3 and R 40 This is synonymous with the above. This includes obtaining a fluorine-containing polymer containing units represented by .

[0030] This manufacturing method provides a method for producing novel fluorine-containing polymers into which various fluorine-containing groups have been introduced. In this manufacturing method, a polymer containing styrene units is produced in advance, and then fluorine-containing groups are introduced. Furthermore, since iodide is used for the introduction of the fluorine-containing groups, it is expected that this method will provide fluorine-containing polymers that combine the processability and other properties derived from such polymers with the high chemical and thermal fastness, high water and oil repellency, and low refractive index properties derived from the fluorine-containing groups. Compared to manufacturing methods such as those described in Non-Patent Document 1, which involve synthesizing styrene monomers containing fluorine-containing groups and then polymerizing them, this manufacturing method allows for the production of desired fluorine-containing polymers in a short number of steps and in a simple manner. Moreover, this manufacturing method is applicable in principle to any polymer as long as it contains styrene units, and it is possible to produce corresponding novel fluorine-containing polymers using a wide variety of styrene-unit-containing polymers that are widely available as raw materials. Furthermore, unlike Non-Patent Documents 2 to 5, this manufacturing method uses inexpensive, safe, and easy-to-handle reagents, and since the only reagent that must be added is iodide, it can also be applied to the surface of molded articles of polymers containing styrene units. Furthermore, by using specific iodine compounds containing fluorine groups, it is possible to perfluoroalkylate aromatic rings, which is expected to impart unique properties to polymers.

[0031] The above polymer only needs to contain a unit represented by formula (I), and if the polymer contains two or more units represented by formula (I), the two or more units represented by formula (I) may be the same or different from each other. Similarly, the above fluorine-containing polymer only needs to contain a unit represented by formula (III), and if the fluorine-containing polymer contains two or more units represented by formula (III), the two or more units represented by formula (III) may be the same or different from each other.

[0032] A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle.

[0033] The above aromatic ring may have one or more substituents. 6-20 It may be a group containing an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and one or more C 6-20 Contains aromatic hydrocarbon groups. C contained in the above aromatic ring 6-20 The number of aromatic hydrocarbon groups is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. In the aromatic ring, there are 2 or more C 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon groups may be bonded via single bonds or organic groups. Such organic groups may be linear or branched carbon atoms. 1-4 An example is the alkylene group.

[0034] C may have one or more substituents. 6-20 "C" in groups containing aromatic hydrocarbon groups 6-20 The aromatic hydrocarbon group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and in the case of polycyclic, two or more rings may form a fused ring. It may have one or more substituents. 6-20 "C" in groups containing aromatic hydrocarbon groups 6-20 The aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably C 6-15 It is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably C6-10 It is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group. C may have one or more substituents as described above. 6-20 Examples of "groups containing aromatic hydrocarbon groups" include phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, and biphenyl groups.

[0035] The above aromatic heterocycle may have one or more substituents. 3-20 It can be a group containing an aromatic heterocyclic group, and one or more C 3-20 Contains an aromatic heterocyclic group. C contained in the above aromatic heterocyclic group. 3-20 The number of aromatic heterocyclic groups is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. In such aromatic heterocyclic groups, 2 or more C 3-20 Aromatic heterocyclic groups may be bonded via single bonds or organic groups. Such organic groups may include linear or branched carbon atoms. 1-4 An example is the alkylene group.

[0036] C may have one or more substituents. 3-20 "C" in groups containing aromatic heterocyclic groups 3-20 The "aromatic heterocyclic group" may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and in the case of polycyclic, two or more rings may form a fused ring. It may have one or more substituents. 3-20 "C" in groups containing aromatic heterocyclic groups 3-20 The "aromatic heterocyclic group" is preferably C 3-15 The group is an aromatic heterocyclic group, and more preferably a pyridyl group or a carbazolyl group.

[0037] C may have one or more substituents as described above. 6-20 A group containing an aromatic hydrocarbon group and a C which may have one or more substituents as described above. 3-20 Substituents in groups containing aromatic heterocyclic groups include halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; hydroxyl groups; and C which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms.1-16 Alkyl alkyl group; C 1-16 Alkoxy group; R 23 -O-CO-( However, R 23 C 1-16 Represents an alkyl group); NH2-; R 23 -NH-;R 23 2N-;R 23 Examples include -NH-CO-;Ph2N-;Ph2P-.

[0038] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-16 "C" in alkyl groups 1-16 The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 The alkyl group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C. 1-8 It is an alkyl group, and in one embodiment, a linear or branched C 1-4 The alkyl group is specifically -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH(CH3)2, or -CH(CH3)3.

[0039] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 Alkyl groups are C atoms that are not substituted with a fluorine atom. 1-16 It is an alkyl group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 The alkyl group is preferably substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 1-16 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, and more preferably C 1-6 It is a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0040] C above 1-16 The perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched C group.1-6 These are perfluoroalkyl groups, specifically CF3, -CF2CF3, -CF2CF2CF3, -CF(CF3)2, -CF2CF2CF2CF3, -CF2CF(CF3)2, and -CF(CF3)3.

[0041] C above 1-16 The alkoxy group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 An alkylocoxy group, more preferably a linear or branched C 1-8 An alkyloxy group, which in one embodiment is a linear or branched C 1-4 These are alkoxy groups, specifically -O-CH3, -O-CH2CH3, -O-CH2CH2CH3, -O-CH(CH3)2, -O-CH2CH2CH2CH3, -O-CH2CH(CH3)2, and -OC(CH3)3.

[0042] The above R 23 C represented by 1-16 The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 The alkyl group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C. 1-8 It is an alkyl group, and in one embodiment, a linear or branched C 1-4 The alkyl group is specifically -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH(CH3)2, or -CH(CH3)3.

[0043] In this disclosure, ring A contains -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The structure in which they are bonded is such that the hydrogen atoms in ring A are -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 This means that it is substituted with -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 31Similarly, in the structure in which they are bonded, the hydrogen atoms contained in ring A are -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 31 This means it has been replaced with [something else].

[0044] -CF2-(R in ring A) F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The substitution position may be the p-position, m-position, or o-position relative to the main chain (the carbon atom to which ring A is bonded to the main chain), and is preferably the p-position. Furthermore, the substituent on ring A may be a hydroxyl group or C located at the p-position relative to the main chain. 1-16 In the case of an alkoxy group, -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The substitution position can be around m from the main chain.

[0045] Examples of aromatic rings or aromatic heterocycles represented by A include the following groups: [ka]

[0046] In one embodiment, the aromatic ring or aromatic heteroring represented by A is preferably a ring represented by formula (a-1), (a-2), (a-3), (a-5), (a-6), (a-10), (a-11), (a-12), (a-13), (a-18), (a-20), (a-22), (a-25), (a-26), (a-27), (a-28), (a-29), or (a-30), and more preferably a ring represented by formula (a-1), (a-2), (a-11), (a-12), (a-13), (a-20), (a-22), (a-27), or (a-29). In another embodiment, the aromatic ring or aromatic heterocycle represented by A is preferably a ring represented by formula (a-1), (a-2), (a-3), (a-5), (a-6), (a-10), (a-11), (a-12), (a-18), (a-20), (a-22), (a-25), (a-26), (a-27), (a-28), (a-29), or (a-30), and more preferably a ring represented by formula (a-1), (a-11), (a-12), (a-20), (a-22), (a-27), or (a-29).

[0047] R 2 R represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. In one embodiment, R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, and in another embodiment, 2 This is a fluorine atom.

[0048] R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.

[0049] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-4 The "alkyl group" in alkyl groups may be linear or branched, and preferably linear or branched carbon atoms. 1-3 It is an alkyl group, more preferably C 1-2 Alkyl groups are, in other words, methyl groups and ethyl groups.

[0050] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 The alkyl group is C, which is not substituted with fluorine. 1-4 It is an alkyl group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Alkyl groups are C substituted with fluorine atoms. 1-4 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 1-4 It is a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0051] C above 1-4 The perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-3 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably C 1-2 These are perfluoroalkyl groups, namely trifluoromethyl groups and pentafluoroethyl groups.

[0052] In one embodiment, R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Preferably, it is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, and in another embodiment, R 3 It is preferable that it is a fluorine atom.

[0053] R F1 is -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q - represents

[0054] Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group.

[0055] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-16 "C" in the alkylene group 1-16 The alkylene group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-6 An alkylene group, more preferably a linear C group 1-3 It is an alkylene group.

[0056] The above Rf is preferably a C substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is a fluoroalkylene group, uFC 1-16 A perfluoroalkylene group, more preferably C 1-6 It is a perfluoroalkylene group, and more preferably C 1-3 It is a perfluoroalkylene group.

[0057] C above 1-16 The perfluoroalkylene group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-6 The perfluoroalkylene group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C1-3 perfluoroalkylene group, specifically -CF2-, -CF2CF2-, CF2CF2CF2-, and CF2CF(CF3)-.

[0058] R F R represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. In this disclosure, fluoro(poly)ether group means a fluoroether group and / or a fluoropolyether group. The fluorine-containing polymers of this disclosure are R F By including this, the properties of a fluoro(poly)ether group may be imparted, resulting in improved flexibility, heat resistance, friction properties, stain resistance, and water and oil repellency.

[0059] R F Preferably, the formula is: -(OC4F8) c -(OC3R Fa 6) d -(OC2F4) e -(OCF2) f - [In formula: R Fa In each instance, it is independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom. c, d, e, and f are each independent integers between 0 and 200, and the sum of c, d, e, and f is 1 or greater. The order of existence of each repeating unit enclosed in parentheses with c, d, e, or f is arbitrary in the expression. However, all R Fa If is a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom, then at least one of c, e, and f is 1 or more. This is the group represented by (hereinafter also referred to as the group represented by "PFPE").

[0060] R Fa is preferably a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom. However, all R FaIf is a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom, then at least one of c, e, and f is 1 or more.

[0061] c, d, e, and f may preferably be independent integers between 0 and 100.

[0062] The sum of c, d, e, and f is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, and may be, for example, 15 or more or 20 or more. The sum of c, d, e, and f is preferably 200 or less, more preferably 100 or less, and even more preferably 60 or less, and may be, for example, 50 or less or 30 or less.

[0063] These repeating units may be linear or branched. For example, -(OC4F8)- may be any of -(OCF2CF2CF2CF2)-, -(OCF(CF3)CF2CF2)-, -(OCF2CF(CF3)CF2)-, -(OCF2CF2CF(CF3))-, -(OC(CF3)2CF2)-, -(OCF2C(CF3)2)-, -(OCF(CF3)CF(CF3))-, -(OCF(C2F5)CF2)-, and -(OCF2CF(C2F5))-. -(OC3F6)- (that is, in the above formula, R Fa (where is a fluorine atom) may be any of -(OCF2CF2CF2)-, -(OCF(CF3)CF2)-, and -(OCF2CF(CF3))-, and preferably either -(OCF(CF3)CF2)- or -(OCF2CF(CF3))-. -(OC2F4)- may be either -(OCF2CF2)- or -(OCF(CF3))-.

[0064] In one embodiment, R F Each occurrence is independently represented by the following formula (f1). -(OC3F6) d -(OCF2) f - (f1) [In the formula, d is an integer between 0 and 200, and f is an integer between 1 and 200.]

[0065] In the above formula (f1), OC3F6 is preferably (OCF2CF2CF2), (OCF(CF3)CF2), or (OCF2CF(CF3)), and more preferably (OCF2CF(CF3)). In the above formula (f1), d is preferably an integer between 0 and 100, more preferably between 0 and 50, and even more preferably between 0 and 10. In one embodiment, d is 0. In another embodiment, d is preferably between 1 and 100, more preferably between 2 and 50, and even more preferably between 3 and 10. In the above formula (f1), f is preferably 1 to 100, more preferably 1 to 10, even more preferably 1 to 5, and even more preferably 1 to 3. In one embodiment, f is 1.

[0066] p is either 0 or 1. In one embodiment, p is 0. In another embodiment, p is 1. q is either 0 or 1. In one embodiment, q is 0. In another embodiment, q is 1. r is either 0 or 1. In one embodiment, r is 0. In another embodiment, r is 1.

[0067] X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond.

[0068] C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as described above. 1-16 "C" in the alkylene group 1-16 The alkylene group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 An alkylene group, more preferably a linear or branched C 1-5 It is an alkylene group, and in one embodiment, a branched chain C 2-4 Preferably an alkylene group, in another embodiment a linear C 2-5 It is preferable that the group be an alkylene group.

[0069] In one embodiment, R1 If is an iodine atom and r is 0, then X 1 C represented by 1-16 The alkylene group may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 2-5 It is preferable that the material does not contain alkylene groups, and more preferably that it does not contain C3 alkylene groups which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms.

[0070] C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as described above. 1-16 Examples of halogen atoms in the alkylene group include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, with fluorine atoms and iodine atoms being preferred.

[0071] C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as described above. 1-16 The alkylene group is preferably -CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CF(CF3)-, -CF2CF2CF2-, -CF2CF(CF3)-, -CF2CF2CF2CF2-, -CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2- or -CHI-CH2-CF2CF2CF2-, and more preferably -CF2CF2-, -CF(CF3)-, -CF2CF(CF3)-, -CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2- or -CHI-CH2-CF2CF2CF2-.

[0072] X 1 Preferably, the carbon atoms are linear or branched carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-10 A linear or branched carbon atom which is an alkylene group or a single bond, and more preferably substituted with one or more atoms selected from fluorine and iodine. 1-5 It is an alkylene group or a single bond.

[0073] R 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. C, which represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, and which may preferably be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. It is a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0074] The above R 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms represented by . 1-16 "C" in alkyl groups 1-16 The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 The alkyl group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C. 1-6 It is an alkyl group, and in one embodiment, a linear or branched C 1-4 The alkyl group is specifically -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH(CH3)2, or -CH(CH3)3.

[0075] C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as described above. 1-16 Examples of halogen atoms in alkyl groups include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, with fluorine atoms and iodine atoms being preferred.

[0076] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Alkyl groups are C atoms that are not substituted with halogen atoms.1-16 It is an alkyl group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 The alkyl group is preferably substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 1-16 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, and more preferably C 1-6 It is a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0077] C above 1-16 The perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched C group. 1-6 These are perfluoroalkyl groups, specifically CF3, -CF2CF3, -CF2CF2CF3, -CF(CF3)2, -CF2CF2CF2CF3, -CF2CF(CF3)2, and -CF(CF3)3.

[0078] The above R 1 C may have one or more substituents represented by 6-20 "C" in aromatic hydrocarbon groups 6-20 The aromatic hydrocarbon group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. In the case of polycyclic groups, two or more rings may or may not form a fused ring. It may have one or more substituents. 6-20 "C" in aromatic hydrocarbon groups 6-20 The aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably C 6-15 It is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably C 6-10 It is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a phenyl group.

[0079] C may have one or more substituents as described above. 6-20 Substituents in aromatic hydrocarbon groups include halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; C 1-4 Alkyl alkyl group; C 1-4 Alkoxy group; R 20-O-CO-( However, R 20 C 1-4 Examples include alkyl groups, preferably halogen atoms, and particularly preferably fluorine atoms. 20 C may be a straight chain or a branched chain, preferably a straight chain or a branched chain. 1-3 The alkyl group is preferred, specifically -CH3 and -CH2CH3.

[0080] The above R 1 C represented by 6-20 The aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably has one or more substituents. 6-10 A C is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably having one or more substituents. 6-10 It is an aromatic hydrocarbon group. In one embodiment, the above R 1 C represented by 6-20 The aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably has substituents, and in another embodiment, the above R 1 C represented by 6-20 The aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably does not have substituents.

[0081] The above R 1 In the silsesquioxane residue represented by which there may be one or more substituents, the "silsesquioxane residue" is a monovalent group in which one substituent on the Si of silsesquioxane has been removed, and may have any of the following structures: cage-type, double-decker-type, ladder-type, or random-type, and is preferably a cage-type structure.

[0082] The substituents in the silsesquioxane residue, which may have one or more substituents, are preferably substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-10 Alkyl group; a phenyl group, more preferably substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-6 Alkyl group; phenyl group.

[0083] The above silsesquioxane residue may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as substituents. 1-10 "C" in alkyl groups 1-10 The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably a linear or branched C 1-6 It is an alkyl group, and more preferably an isobutyl group.

[0084] The above silsesquioxane residue may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as substituents. 1-10 Examples of halogen atoms in alkyl groups include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, with fluorine atoms and iodine atoms being preferred.

[0085] The above silsesquioxane residue may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as substituents. 1-10 The alkyl group is preferably -CHI-CH2-CF2CF2-I, -CHI-CH2-CF2CF2CF2CF2-I, -CHI-CH2-CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2-I, and more preferably -CHI-CH2-CF2CF2CF2CF2-I.

[0086] Preferred substituents in the silsesquioxane residue, which may have one or more substituents, are a phenyl group and an isobutyl group.

[0087] R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, preferably substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, preferably C 1-16 Represents an alkyl group.

[0088] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-16 "C" in alkyl groups 1-16The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably a linear or branched C 1-10 The alkyl group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C. 1-5 It is an alkyl group, and particularly preferably C 1-2 It is an alkyl group.

[0089] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-16 The alkyl group is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a pentafluoroethyl group.

[0090] R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom.

[0091] C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as described above. 1-16 "C" in alkyl groups 1-16 The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably a linear or branched C 1-10 The alkyl group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C. 1-5 It is an alkyl group, and particularly preferably C 1-2 It is an alkyl group.

[0092] C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as described above. 1-16 Examples of halogen atoms in alkyl groups include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, with fluorine atoms being preferred.

[0093] R f3 C may preferably be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-5 It is an alkyl group or a fluorine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom.

[0094] R f4Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. In one embodiment, R f4 R is a hydrogen atom, and in another embodiment, f4 This is a fluorine atom.

[0095] R 1 If is an iodine atom, then in the unit represented by formula (III), R 1 This is replaced by a bonding hand, and such R 1 X that binds 1 However, other aromatic rings (R above) 1 However, -X 1 -(R F1 ) r The aromatic ring is not linked via -CF2-, and may be linked to an aromatic ring other than an aromatic ring contained in another unit represented by formula (I). This disclosure should not be interpreted as limiting to any particular theory, but the above structure can be considered as follows: That is, in the method for producing the fluorine-containing polymer of this disclosure, the iodine atom of the compound represented by formula (II) is abstracted to become a reaction site and bonds to the aromatic ring of the unit represented by formula (I), thereby obtaining the structure represented by formula (III). 1 If R is an iodine atom, 1 The iodine atom corresponding to this can similarly be abstracted and bonded to other aromatic rings. 1 The same applies when the substituent of the group represented by contains an I atom, and the group bonded to such an I atom may also be bonded to another aromatic ring.

[0096] R 1 C may preferably be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f42. C, which is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, and more preferably is substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. It is a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0097] R 40 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group.

[0098] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 3-6 The "alkylene group" in the alkylene group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched carbon. 3-5 An alkylene group, more preferably a linear C 3-5 The alkylene group is, namely, a propylene group, a butylene group, or a pentanediyl group, and a linear butylene group is particularly preferred.

[0099] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 3-6 The alkylene group is a carbon atom that is not substituted with fluorine. 3-6 It is an alkylene group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 3-6 The alkylene group is a C atom substituted with a fluorine atom. 3-6 It is a fluoroalkylene group, uFC 3-6 It is a perfluoroalkylene group.

[0100] C above 3-6 The perfluoroalkylene group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 3-5A perfluoroalkylene group, more preferably a linear C group. 3-5 The perfluoroalkylene group is, namely, a hexafluoropropylene group, an octafluorobutylene group, or a decafluoropentanediyl group, with a linear octafluorobutylene group being particularly preferred.

[0101] In one embodiment, R 40 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 3-5 It is preferable that the group be an alkylene group.

[0102] * represents a bond.

[0103] The polymer described above may contain units other than those represented by formula (I). Examples of such units include those derived from monomers containing ethylenic double bonds.

[0104] Specifically, the above polymer is The following equation (IV-a): [ka] [In formula (IV-a), R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom. The -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with -O-. The units represented by, The following equation (IV-b): [ka] [In formula (IV-b), R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom.] Preferably, it further includes one or more units selected from the units represented by .

[0105] By including the unit represented by formula (IV-a) in the polymer, superior properties such as mechanical strength, heat resistance, oil resistance, and chemical resistance may be further imparted. By including the unit represented by formula (IV-b) in the polymer, superior properties such as extensibility, mechanical strength, processability, elasticity, and flexibility may be imparted.

[0106] The above polymer may contain two or more units represented by formula (IV-a) or formula (IV-b). When the polymer contains two or more units represented by formula (IV-a) or formula (IV-b), the two or more units represented by formula (IV-a) may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units represented by formula (IV-b) may be the same or different from each other.

[0107] R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. In one embodiment, R 5 is a hydrogen atom, and in another embodiment, R 5 This is a fluorine atom.

[0108] R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 This represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom.

[0109] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-4 The "alkyl group" in alkyl groups may be linear or branched, and preferably linear or branched carbon atoms. 1-3 It is an alkyl group, more preferably C 1-2 Alkyl groups are, in other words, methyl groups and ethyl groups.

[0110] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 The alkyl group is C, which is not substituted with fluorine. 1-4It is an alkyl group. In another aspect, the C1-4 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more of the above fluorine atoms is a C 1-4 fluoroalkyl group, more preferably a C 1-4 perfluoroalkyl group.

[0111] [[ID=~]] The above C 1-4 perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably a linear or branched C 1-3 perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a C 1-2 perfluoroalkyl group, that is, a trifluoromethyl group or a pentafluoroethyl group.

[0112] In one aspect, R 6 is preferably an unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. In another aspect, R 6 is preferably a C 1-4 fluoroalkyl group or a fluorine atom substituted by one or more fluorine atoms. In yet another aspect, R 6 is preferably a chlorine atom.

[0113] R 7 represents, in each occurrence, independently of each other, a C 1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a vinyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a C 1-16 hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 -CO-NR 9 R 10 a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and an iodine atom.

[0114] In the above C 1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, the "C 1-16 alkyl group" may be linear or branched, preferably a linear or branched C1-10 The alkyl group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C. 1-8 It is an alkyl group, and in one embodiment, a linear or branched C 1-4 The alkyl group is specifically -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH(CH3)2, or -CH(CH3)3.

[0115] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 Alkyl groups are C atoms that are not substituted with a fluorine atom. 1-16 It is an alkyl group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 The alkyl group is preferably substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 1-16 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, and more preferably C 1-6 It is a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0116] C above 1-16 The perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched C group. 1-6 These are perfluoroalkyl groups, specifically CF3, -CF2CF3, -CF2CF2CF3, -CF(CF3)2, -CF2CF2CF2CF3, -CF2CF(CF3)2, and -CF(CF3)3.

[0117] In one embodiment, the vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms is preferably -CH=CH2, and in another embodiment, it is preferably -CF=CF2.

[0118] C above 1-16 The hydroxyalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C1-10 A hydroxyalkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched C group. 1-8 A hydroxyalkyl group, which in one embodiment is a linear or branched C 1-4 These are hydroxyalkyl groups, specifically -CH2-OH, -CH2CH2-OH, -CH2CH2CH2-OH, -CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3, and -CH2CH2CH2CH2-OH.

[0119] R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 This represents an alkyl group, sodium cation, potassium cation, ammonium cation, or hydrogen atom.

[0120] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-16 "C" in alkyl groups 1-16 The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 The alkyl group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C. 1-8 It is an alkyl group, and in one embodiment, a linear or branched C 1-4 The alkyl group is specifically -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH(CH3)2, or -CH(CH3)3.

[0121] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 Alkyl groups are C atoms that are not substituted with a fluorine atom. 1-16 It is an alkyl group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 The alkyl group is preferably substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 1-16 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, and more preferably C 1-6It is a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0122] C above 1-16 The perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched C group. 1-6 These are perfluoroalkyl groups, specifically CF3, -CF2CF3, -CF2CF2CF3, -CF(CF3)2, -CF2CF2CF2CF3, -CF2CF(CF3)2, and -CF(CF3)3.

[0123] In one embodiment, R 8 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is preferably an alkyl group, and in another embodiment, R 8 It is preferable that it be a hydrogen atom.

[0124] R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.

[0125] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-16 "C" in alkyl groups 1-16 The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 The alkyl group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C. 1-8 It is an alkyl group, and in one embodiment, a linear or branched C 1-4 The alkyl group is specifically -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH(CH3)2, or -CH(CH3)3.

[0126] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16Alkyl groups are C atoms that are not substituted with halogen atoms. 1-16 It is an alkyl group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 The alkyl group is preferably substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 1-16 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, and more preferably C 1-6 It is a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0127] C above 1-16 The perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched C group. 1-6 These are perfluoroalkyl groups, specifically -CF3, -CF2CF3, -CF2CF2CF3, -CF(CF3)2, -CF2CF2CF2CF3, -CF2CF(CF3)2, and -CF(CF3)3.

[0128] In one embodiment, R 9 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is preferably an alkyl group, and in another embodiment, R 9 It is preferable that it be a hydrogen atom.

[0129] R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.

[0130] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-16 "C" in alkyl groups 1-16 The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-10 The alkyl group is, more preferably, a linear or branched C. 1-8is an alkyl group, and in one embodiment, is a linear or branched C 1-4 alkyl group, and specifically, can be -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)3.

[0131] In one embodiment, the C 1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more of the above fluorine atoms is a C 1-16 alkyl group not substituted by a halogen atom. In another embodiment, the C 1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more of the above fluorine atoms is preferably a C 1-16 fluoroalkyl group, more preferably a C 1-16 perfluoroalkyl group, and still more preferably a C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl group.

[0132] The above C 1-16 perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably a linear or branched C 1-10 perfluoroalkyl group, and still more preferably a linear or branched C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, and specifically, can be -CF3, -CF2CF3, -CF2CF2CF3, -CF(CF3)2, -CF2CF2CF2CF3, -CF2CF(CF3)2, -CF(CF3)3.

[0133] In one embodiment, R 10 is preferably a C 1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more of the above fluorine atoms, and in another embodiment, R 10 is preferably a hydrogen atom.

[0134] R 9 and R 10These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-.

[0135] R 9 and R 10 The nitrogen atom-containing ring that can be formed together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded may be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of members in such a ring may be, for example, 5 to 10 members, and preferably 5 to 6 members. It is preferable that the -CH2- on such a ring is substituted with -O-.

[0136] Examples of such rings include pyrrolidine rings, pyrroline rings, piperidine rings, piperazine rings, morpholine rings, and thiomorpholine rings, with morpholine rings being preferred.

[0137] R 7 In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 Preferably an alkyl group; in another embodiment, preferably a vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; in yet another embodiment, C 1-16 Preferably a hydroxyalkyl group; in another embodiment, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 Preferably, it is one selected from the nitrile group; in yet another embodiment, it is preferably one selected from the hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, chlorine atom and iodine atom.

[0138] R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.

[0139] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above. 1-4The "alkyl group" in alkyl groups may be linear or branched, and preferably linear or branched carbon atoms. 1-3 It is an alkyl group, more preferably C 1-2 Alkyl groups are, in other words, methyl groups and ethyl groups.

[0140] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 The alkyl group is C, which is not substituted with fluorine. 1-4 It is an alkyl group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Alkyl groups are C substituted with fluorine atoms. 1-4 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 1-4 It is a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0141] C above 1-4 The perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-3 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably C 1-2 These are perfluoroalkyl groups, namely trifluoromethyl groups and pentafluoroethyl groups.

[0142] In one embodiment, R 11 This is C that is not substituted with a fluorine atom. 1-4 Preferably, it is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, and in another embodiment, R 11 C is a carbon atom substituted with a fluorine atom. 1-4 It is preferable that the atom is a fluoroalkyl group or a fluorine atom.

[0143] R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 This represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom.

[0144] C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms as described above.1-4 The "alkyl group" in alkyl groups may be linear or branched, and preferably linear or branched carbon atoms. 1-3 It is an alkyl group, more preferably C 1-2 Alkyl groups are, in other words, methyl groups and ethyl groups.

[0145] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 The alkyl group is C, which is not substituted with fluorine. 1-4 It is an alkyl group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Alkyl groups are C substituted with fluorine atoms. 1-4 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 1-4 It is a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0146] C above 1-4 The perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 1-3 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably C 1-2 These are perfluoroalkyl groups, namely trifluoromethyl groups and pentafluoroethyl groups.

[0147] In one embodiment, R 12 This is C that is not substituted with a fluorine atom. 1-4 Preferably, it is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, and in another embodiment, R 12 C is a carbon atom substituted with a fluorine atom. 1-4 Preferably, R is a fluoroalkyl group or a fluorine atom, and in yet another embodiment, 12 It is preferable that this is a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom.

[0148] R in equation (IV-a) 5 , R 6 , R 7 For example, R 5 is a hydrogen atom, and R 6 is a hydrogen atom, and R7 A combination in which the atom is a hydrogen atom; R 5 is a hydrogen atom, and R 6 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 It is an alkyl group, R 7 A combination in which the atom is a hydrogen atom; R 5 is a hydrogen atom, and R 6 C 1-4 It is an alkyl group, R 7 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 A combination of alkyl groups; R 5 is a hydrogen atom, and R 6 is a hydrogen atom, and R 7 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 A combination of alkyl groups; R 5 is a hydrogen atom, and R 6 is a hydrogen atom, and R 7 C 1-16 A combination of hydroxyalkyl groups; R 5 is a hydrogen atom, and R 6 is a hydrogen atom, and R 7 A combination in which the group is a nitrile group; R 5 is a hydrogen atom, and R 6 is a hydrogen atom, and R 7 A combination in which the atom is a chlorine atom; R 5 is a hydrogen atom, and R 6 is a hydrogen atom, and R 7 A combination in which the atom is an iodine atom; R 5 is a fluorine atom, R 6 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 It is an alkyl group or a fluorine atom, R 7 Examples include combinations in which the atom is a fluorine atom.

[0149] R in equation (IV-b) 11 , R 12 For example, R 11 is a hydrogen atom, and R 12 A combination in which the atom is a hydrogen atom; R 11 is a hydrogen atom, and R 12C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Examples include combinations of alkyl groups or hydrogen atoms.

[0150] If the above polymer contains a unit represented by formula (IV-b), in the reaction between the above polymer and the compound represented by formula (II), the compound represented by formula (II) may be added to the internal diene of the unit represented by formula (IV-b). Such an addition may occur between the I- and R of the compound represented by formula (II). 1 -X 1 -(R F1 ) r -CF2- and -CR in the unit represented by formula (IV-b) 12 =CCR 12 - An attachment to two carbon atoms; R of a compound represented by formula (II) 1 When R is an iodine atom, 1 An iodine atom represented by and -X 1 -(R F1 ) r -CF2-I and -CR in the unit represented by formula (IV-b) 12 =CR 12 - A configuration in which the carbon atoms are attached to two carbon atoms; a configuration combining these configurations, i.e., a configuration in which the carbon atoms are attached to two carbon atoms; and a configuration combining these configurations, i.e., a configuration in which the carbon atoms are attached to two carbon atoms. 12 =CR 12 -This may be an additional form.

[0151] In the manufacturing method of this disclosure, the compound represented by formula (II) is mainly ring A or may contain -CR in the polymer. 12 =CCR 12 -It is thought to act on the carbon atom bonded to ring A, and R acts on the carbon atom. 1 -X 1 -(R F1 ) r -CF2- may be added.

[0152] The number-average molecular weight of the above polymer is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0153] In this disclosure, the number-average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the converted value using polystyrene as the standard sample can be used as the number-average molecular weight.

[0154] In one embodiment, the polymer is The following equation (Ia): [ka] [In formula (Ia), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. xa represents an integer between 2 and 10,000. It is represented as follows.

[0155] The representation of the above polymer by formula (Ia) is expected to enable the provision of a fluorine-containing polymer that combines properties derived from styrene units, such as processability, with properties derived from fluorine-containing groups, such as high chemical and thermal fastness, high water and oil repellency, low refractive index, low dielectric properties, transparency, and fluorescein properties.

[0156] The polymer described above may contain two or more units enclosed in parentheses with the prefix xa. If it contains two or more such units, the two or more units enclosed in parentheses with the prefix xa may be the same or different from each other.

[0157] A, R 2 , R 3 This is synonymous with the above. xa represents an integer between 2 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000.

[0158] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 It may be an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. In another embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 is a fluorine atom, R 3 This could be a fluorine atom.

[0159] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Ia) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 2,000 to 200,000.

[0160] In another embodiment, the polymer is The following equation (Ib): [ka] [In formula (Ib), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 A vinyl group C which may be substituted with an alkyl group or one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom. The -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. xb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xb and yb is arbitrary in equation (Ib). It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0161] By representing the above polymer with formula (Ib), even better properties such as oil resistance, chemical resistance, heat resistance, and mechanical strength can be imparted.

[0162] The above polymer may contain two or more units denoted as xb or yb and enclosed in parentheses. If it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted as xb and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted as yb and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other.

[0163] A, R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 This is synonymous with the above. xb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. yb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000.

[0164] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 5 R is a hydrogen atom, 6 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 It is an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a chlorine atom, R 7 This can be a nitrile group or a hydrogen atom. In another embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 5 R is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, 6 is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and R 7 This can be one of the atoms selected from hydrogen, fluorine, and iodine.

[0165] The polymer described above may be a random copolymer in which units denoted as xb and enclosed in parentheses and units denoted as yb and enclosed in parentheses are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer containing blocks made up of units denoted as xb and enclosed in parentheses and blocks made up of units denoted as yb and enclosed in parentheses.

[0166] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Ib) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0167] In another embodiment, the polymer is The following equation (Ic): [ka] [In formula (Ic), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. xc represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zc represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xc and zc is arbitrary in equation (Ic). It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0168] By representing the above polymer with formula (Ic), it is possible to impart superior properties such as extensibility, elasticity, flexibility, mechanical strength, and processability.

[0169] The above polymer may contain two or more units denoted by xc or zc and enclosed in parentheses. If it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted by xc and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted by zc and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other.

[0170] A, R 2 , R 3 , R 11 , R 12 This is synonymous with the above. xc represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. zc represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 50,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000.

[0171] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 11 R is a hydrogen atom, 12 is C 1-4 It may be an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.

[0172] The polymer represented by the above formula (Ic) may be a random copolymer in which units enclosed in parentheses with xc and units enclosed in parentheses with zc are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer containing blocks of units enclosed in parentheses with xc and blocks of units enclosed in parentheses with zc.

[0173] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Ic) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0174] In yet another embodiment, the polymer is The following formula (Id): [ka] [In formula (Id), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom. R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. The -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. xd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units xd, yd, and zd, enclosed in parentheses, is arbitrary within equation (Id). It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0175] The above polymer can be represented by formula (Id) to provide properties such as superior processability, flexibility, heat resistance, oil resistance, chemical resistance, extensibility, elasticity, and mechanical strength.

[0176] The above polymer may contain two or more units denoted as xd, yd, or zd and enclosed in parentheses. If it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted as xd and enclosed in parentheses may be identical or different from each other, the two or more units denoted as yd and enclosed in parentheses may be identical or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted as zd and enclosed in parentheses may be identical or different from each other.

[0177] A, R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 This is synonymous with the above. xd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. yd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. zd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000.

[0178] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 5 R is a hydrogen atom, 6 R is a hydrogen atom, 7 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is an alkyl group or a nitrile group, R 11 R is a hydrogen atom, 12 is C 1-4 It may be an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.

[0179] The polymer represented by the above formula (Id) may be a random copolymer in which units denoted by xd and enclosed in parentheses, units denoted by yd and enclosed in parentheses, and units denoted by zd and enclosed in parentheses are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer containing blocks of units denoted by xd and enclosed in parentheses, blocks of units denoted by yd and enclosed in parentheses, and blocks of units denoted by zd and enclosed in parentheses. Furthermore, if the polymer is a block copolymer, the arrangement of the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xd, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with yd, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zd is not particularly limited. The blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xd, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with yd, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zd may be arranged in this order, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xd, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zd, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with yd may be arranged in this order.

[0180] Furthermore, the polymer represented by the above formula (Id) may be a graft copolymer in which the units enclosed in parentheses with xd and / or the units enclosed in parentheses with yd are grafted onto the carbon atoms contained in the unit enclosed in parentheses with zd; or it may be a mixture of a copolymer of the units enclosed in parentheses with xd and yd and a polymer of the unit enclosed in parentheses with zd.

[0181] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Id) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0182] In yet another embodiment, the polymer is The following equation (Ie): [ka] [In formula (Ie), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom. The -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. xe1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xe2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. 'ye' represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of existence of the units xe1, xe2, and ye, enclosed in parentheses, is arbitrary in equation (Ie). It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0183] By representing the above polymer by formula (Ie), even better properties such as processability, flexibility, elasticity, mechanical strength, oil resistance, chemical resistance, and heat resistance can be imparted. Furthermore, by using a raw material skeleton in the form of a block polymer as described above, the resulting material may possess properties as a thermoplastic elastomer, dispersant, and polymer emulsifier.

[0184] The above polymer may contain two or more units that are denoted as xe1, xe2, or ye and enclosed in parentheses. If it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted as xe1 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, the two or more units denoted as xe2 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted as ye and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other.

[0185] A, R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 This is synonymous with the above. xe1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. ye represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. xe2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000.

[0186] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 5 is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and R 6 is C 1-4 R is an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. 7 This can be one of the atoms selected from hydrogen, fluorine, and iodine.

[0187] The polymer represented by the above formula (Ie) may be a random copolymer in which units labeled xe1 and enclosed in parentheses, units labeled ye and enclosed in parentheses, and units labeled xe2 and enclosed in parentheses are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer containing a block made up of units labeled xe1 and enclosed in parentheses, a block made up of units labeled xe2 and enclosed in parentheses, and a block made up of units labeled y2 and enclosed in parentheses. The following formula: [ka] It is preferable that the polymer is a block copolymer represented by the formula shown. Furthermore, if the polymer is a block copolymer, the arrangement of the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xe1, blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with ye, and blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xe2 is not particularly limited. For example, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xe1, blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with ye, and blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xe2 may be arranged in this order.

[0188] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Ie) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0189] In yet another embodiment, the polymer is The following expression (If): [ka] [Formula(I- f ) inside, In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. xf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xf2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zf represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units denoted by xf1, xf2, and zf and enclosed in parentheses is arbitrary within the expression (If). It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0190] By representing the above polymer with formula (If), even better properties such as extensibility, elasticity, flexibility, processability, and mechanical strength can be imparted. Furthermore, by using a raw material skeleton in the form of a block polymer as described above, the resulting material may possess properties as a thermoplastic elastomer, dispersant, and polymer emulsifier.

[0191] The polymer described above may contain two or more units denoted as xf1, xf2, or zf and enclosed in parentheses. If it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted as xf1 and enclosed in parentheses may be identical or different from each other, the two or more units denoted as xf2 and enclosed in parentheses may be identical or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted as zf and enclosed in parentheses may be identical or different from each other.

[0192] A, R 2 , R 3 , R 11 , R 12 This is synonymous with the above. xf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. xf2 represents an integer between 1 and 10000, preferably between 5 and 5000, more preferably between 10 and 5000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5000. zf represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000.

[0193] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 11 R is a hydrogen atom, 12 is C 1-4 It may be an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.

[0194] The polymer represented by the above formula (If) may be a random copolymer in which units labeled xf1 and enclosed in parentheses, units labeled zf and enclosed in parentheses, and units labeled xf2 and enclosed in parentheses are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer containing blocks of units labeled xf1 and enclosed in parentheses, blocks of units labeled xf2 and enclosed in parentheses, and blocks of units labeled zf and enclosed in parentheses. The following formula: [ka] It is preferable that the polymer is a block copolymer represented by the formula shown. Furthermore, if the polymer is a block copolymer, the arrangement of the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xf1, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zf, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xf2 is not particularly limited. For example, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xf1, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zf, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xf2 may be arranged in this order.

[0195] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (If) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0196] The amount of the compound represented by formula (II) above may be preferably 1 mol% to 600 mol%, more preferably 10 mol% to 200 mol%, relative to 100 mol% of the unit represented by formula (I) above.

[0197] The reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (II), and the reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (VI) may be carried out under light irradiation. Such light irradiation is preferably ultraviolet irradiation and is carried out by irradiating with light of a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm, for example, 350 to 380 nm.

[0198] The light source used for such light irradiation is not particularly limited, but examples include LEDs, mercury lamps, xenon lamps, UV lamps, halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, sunlight, and indoor light, with LEDs being preferred.

[0199] The reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (II), and the reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (VI), can preferably be carried out using a basic compound, a catalyst, a one-electron reducing agent, or a radical generating agent.

[0200] Examples of the basic compounds mentioned above include inorganic bases such as Cs2CO3, K2CO3, Na2CO3, Li2CO3, CsF, CsHCO3, KHCO3, NaHCO3, and LiHCO3; amine compounds such as triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylenediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetraethylenediamine, pyrrolidine, pyridine, colidine, ammonia, dimethylamine, and DBU; tributylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, triarylphosphines, and disubstituted phosphines, with Cs2CO3 being preferred.

[0201] Examples of the catalysts mentioned above include transition metal complexes, organic dye compounds, and enamine compounds.

[0202] Examples of central metal species found in the above transition metal complexes include cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium, rhenium, iridium, zinc, nickel, palladium, osmium, and platinum.

[0203] Examples of the above organic pigment compounds include rose bengal, erythrosine, eosin (e.g., eosin B, eosin Y), acriflavin, lipoflavin, thionine, phenoxazine, and phenothiazine.

[0204] The above enamine compound [ka] The structure is represented by aldehydes. [ka] [In the formula, R 51 R is a phenyl group or a benzyl group, 52 This is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a phenyl group. and pyrrolidines [ka] [In the formula, R 53 This is a hydrogen atom or a bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methoxymethyl group. This is a chemical species generated by the reaction. A pre-synthesized enamine compound may be added, or the aldehyde and pyrroles may be added directly to generate a catalyst in the reaction system.

[0205] Examples of the above-mentioned aldehydes include 3-phenyl-2-methylpropanal, 2-phenylpropanal, diphenylacetaldehyde, and phenylacetaldehyde.

[0206] Examples of the above-mentioned pyrrolidines include pyrrolidine and (S)-2-[3,4-bis(dimethoxyphenyl)methoxymethyl]pyrrolidine.

[0207] Examples of the above-mentioned one-electron reducing agent include sodium thiosulfate, lithium dithionite, sodium dithionite, potassium dithionite, cesium dithionite, copper(I) iodide, copper(I) bromide, copper(I) chloride, triethylamine, tributylamine, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylphosphonium iodide, ascorbic acid, ascorbate, zinc powder, indium powder, magnesium powder, etc. Preferably, it is sodium thiosulfate, sodium dithionite, copper(I) iodide, or copper(I) bromide, and particularly preferably sodium thiosulfate or sodium dithionite.

[0208] Examples of the radical generating agents mentioned above include organic peroxides, inorganic peroxides, and organic azo compounds, with organic peroxides being preferred. While not limited to the following, examples of organic peroxides include benzoyl peroxide, inorganic peroxides include potassium persulfite, and organic azo compounds include azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).

[0209] The reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (II), and the reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (VI), is preferably carried out in a solvent. Such solvents are not particularly limited, but examples include dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, dichloropentafluoropropane (HCFC-225), perfluoroaliphatic hydrocarbons having 5 to 12 carbon atoms (e.g., perfluorohexane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane); polyfluoroaromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene); polyfluoroaliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., C6F 13CH2CH3 (e.g., AsahiClean® AC-6000 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (e.g., Zeolora® H manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.); hydrofluoroethers (HFE) (e.g., perfluoropropyl methyl ether (C3F7OCH3) (e.g., Novec® 7000 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), perfluorobutyl methyl ether (C4F9OCH3) (e.g., Novec® 7100 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), perfluorobutyl ethyl ether (C4F9OC2H5) (e.g., Novec® 7200 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), perfluorohexyl methyl ether (C2F5CF(OCH3)C3F7) (e.g., Novec® 7300 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), etc., such as alkylperfluoroalkyl Examples of solvents include ethers (perfluoroalkyl groups and alkyl groups may be linear or branched), or CF3CH2OCF2CHF2 (e.g., AsahiClean® AE-3000 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.); sulfone solvents (e.g., dimethyl sulfone, sulforane); ether solvents (e.g., tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 4-methyltetrahydropyran, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, tetraglycerides); acetonitrile; nitromethane; amide solvents (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N'-dimethylpropyleneurea, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone); ester solvents (e.g., ethyl acetate, butyl acetate); ketone solvents (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone), etc.

[0210] The reaction temperature in the reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (II), and the reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (VI), is preferably 0 to 60°C, more preferably 10 to 40°C, for example, room temperature.

[0211] The reaction time in the reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (II), and the reaction between the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (VI), may be, for example, 10 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours.

[0212] (Fluorine polymer-containing polymer) This disclosure includes, The following equation (III-a): [ka] [In formula (III-a), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 is -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 31 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 7-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2Rf3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. This also includes fluorine-containing polymers that include units represented by .

[0213] Furthermore, this disclosure includes the following formula (VII): [ka] [In formula (VII), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 40 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 3-6 [Represents an alkylene group.] This also includes fluorine-containing polymers that include units represented by .

[0214] The above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer has a structure in which fluorine-containing groups are introduced into styrene units, and can possess properties such as processability derived from styrene units, as well as properties such as high chemical and thermal fastness, high water and oil repellency, and low refractive index derived from fluorine-containing groups.

[0215] The fluorine-containing polymers of this disclosure only need to contain one or more units selected from formula (III-a) and formula (VII). If the fluorine-containing polymer contains two or more units selected from formula (III-a) and formula (VII), the two or more units selected from formula (III-a) and formula (VII) may be the same or different from each other.

[0216] A, R 2 , R 3 , R 40 , R F1 , X 1 And r have the same meaning as above.

[0217] R 31 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 7-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0218] C may have one or more substituents as described above. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, a silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, R 1 C may have one or more substituents in 6-20 This is synonymous with an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, and R f2, R f3 , R f4 This is synonymous with the above.

[0219] C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as described above. 7-16 "C" in alkyl groups 7-16 The alkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 7-10 Alkyl group, more preferably linear or branched C 7-8 It is an alkyl group.

[0220] C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms as described above. 7-16 Examples of halogen atoms in alkyl groups include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, with fluorine atoms being preferred.

[0221] In one embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 7-16 Alkyl groups are C atoms that are not substituted with a fluorine atom. 7-16 It is an alkyl group. In another embodiment, C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 7-16 The alkyl group is preferably substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 7-16 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, and more preferably C 7-10 It is a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0222] C above 7-16 The perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably linear or branched C 7-10 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched C group. 7-8 It may be a perfluoroalkyl group.

[0223] R 31 C may preferably be substituted with one or more halogen atoms.7-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. It is a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0224] The above polymer is The following equation (III): [ka] [In formula (III), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 is -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. The units represented by, The following equation (VII): [ka] [In formula (VII), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 40 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 3-6 [Represents an alkylene group.] One or more units selected from those represented by, The following equation (IV-a): [ka] [In formula (IV-a), R 5Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom. The -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with -O-. A unit expressed as The following equation (IV-b): [ka] [In formula (IV-b), R11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents alkyl groups, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, or chlorine atoms. The unit is represented by ], and The following equation (IV-c): [ka] [In formula (IV-c), R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 13 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Alkyl atoms, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It represents one type selected from among them. R F1 is -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R f2C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. Preferably, it includes one or more units selected from the units represented by .

[0225] The inclusion of the unit represented by formula (IV-a) in the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer may impart even better properties such as processability, flexibility, and heat resistance, and the inclusion of the unit represented by formula (IV-b) in the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer may impart even better properties such as extensibility.

[0226] The polymer may contain two or more units represented by formula (IV-a), formula (IV-b), or formula (IV-c). When the polymer contains two or more units represented by formula (IV-a), formula (IV-b), or formula (IV-c), the two or more units represented by formula (IV-a) may be the same or different from each other, the two or more units represented by formula (IV-b) may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units represented by formula (IV-c) may be the same or different from each other.

[0227] R F1 , Rf, R F , X 1 , R 1 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R11 , R 12 , R 40 , R f2 , R f3 , R f4 p, q, and r are equivalent to those above.

[0228] R 13 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Alkyl atoms, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It represents one type selected from among them.

[0229] R 13 C, which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms represented by , 1-4 Alkyl groups are R 12 C, which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms represented by , 1-4 This is synonymous with alkyl groups, and in one embodiment, preferably linear or branched C 1-3 It is an alkyl group, more preferably C 1-2 It may be an alkyl group, and in another embodiment, preferably a C substituted with a fluorine atom. 1-4 It is a fluoroalkyl group, uF C 1-4 It is a perfluoroalkyl group, and more preferably C 1-2 These can be perfluoroalkyl groups, namely trifluoromethyl groups and pentafluoroethyl groups.

[0230] In one embodiment, R 13 This is C that is not substituted with a fluorine atom. 1-4 Alkyl, -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 Preferably, it is a hydrogen atom or an iodine atom, and in another embodiment, R 13 C is a carbon atom substituted with a fluorine atom.1-4 Fluoroalkyl-CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 Preferably, it is a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, and in another embodiment, R 13 -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 Preferably, it is a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0231] With respect to the total amount of the above fluorine-containing polymer (100 mol%), the proportion of the unit represented by formula (III-a) is preferably 1 mol% to 70 mol%, more preferably 20 mol% to 70 mol%, and even more preferably 30 mol% to 65 mol%. In this disclosure, the content of each unit can be calculated based on the composition of the preparation.

[0232] Furthermore, the fluorine atom content in the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer may be preferably 1% to 50% by mass, and more preferably 10% to 40% by mass, of 100% by mass of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer. In this disclosure, the fluorine atom content can be measured by mass spectrometry.

[0233] The number-average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing polymer having the unit represented by the above formula (III-a) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0234] In one embodiment, the fluorine-containing polymer is The following equation (Va): [ka] [In formula (Va), A1, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 31 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 7-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f42. Represents a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 40 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xa represents an integer between 2 and 10,000. The equation (Va) contains -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 31 The number of [items] is 1 or more. It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0235] The above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer, represented by formula (Va), is expected to exhibit properties such as processability derived from styrene units, as well as properties such as high chemical and thermal fastness, high water and oil repellency, and low refractive index derived from fluorine-containing groups.

[0236] The above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer may contain two or more units enclosed in parentheses with the prefix xa. If it contains two or more such units, the two or more units enclosed in parentheses with the prefix xa may be the same or different from each other.

[0237] A, R F1 , Rf, R F , X 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 31 , R 40 , R f2 , R f3 , R f4 p, q, r, and xa are equivalent to those above. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, preferably 0 or 1.

[0238] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 It may be an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. In another embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 is a fluorine atom, R 3 This could be a fluorine atom.

[0239] In the fluorine-containing polymer represented by the above formula (Va), not all repeating units are necessarily units represented by the above formula (III-a), and in the fluorine-containing polymer, -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 31 The number of units should be 1 or more. In other words, it is sufficient that it contains at least the unit represented by the above formula (III-a). The proportion of the unit represented by the above formula (III-a) is preferably 1 mol% to 70 mol%, more preferably 20 mol% to 70 mol%, and even more preferably 30 mol% to 65 mol%, based on 100 mol% of the total amount of the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Va).

[0240] In one embodiment, equation (Va) is given by the following equation (V-a1): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0241] In another embodiment, equation (Va) is given by the following equation (V-a2): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0242] Furthermore, the fluorine atom content in the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Va) may be preferably 1% to 50% by mass, and more preferably 10% to 40% by mass, of 100% by mass of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer.

[0243] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Va) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0244] In another embodiment, the fluorine-containing polymer is The following equation (Vb): [ka] [In formula (Vb), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. R 40 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xb and yb is arbitrary in equation (Vb), The equation (Vb) contains -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The number of [items] is 1 or more. It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0245] The above fluorine-containing polymer can be represented by formula (Vb), which can further impart properties such as improved processability, flexibility, heat resistance, oil resistance, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength.

[0246] The above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer may contain two or more units denoted as xb or yb and enclosed in parentheses. When it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted as xb and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted as yb and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other.

[0247] A, R F1 , Rf, R F , X 1 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 40 , R f2 , R f3 , R f4 p, q, r, s, xb, and yb have the same meaning as above.

[0248] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3R is a hydrogen atom, 5 R is a hydrogen atom, 6 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 It is an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a chlorine atom, R 7 This can be a nitrile group or a hydrogen atom. In another embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 5 R is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, 6 is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and R 7 This can be one of the atoms selected from hydrogen, fluorine, and iodine.

[0249] With respect to 100 mol% of the total amount of the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Vb) above, the proportion of the unit represented by formula (III-a) above is preferably 1 mol% to 35 mol%, more preferably 3 mol% to 30 mol%, and even more preferably 5 mol% to 25 mol%.

[0250] Furthermore, the fluorine atom content in the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Vb) may be preferably 1% to 25% by mass, and more preferably 5% to 20% by mass, of 100% by mass of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer.

[0251] In one embodiment, equation (Vb) is the following equation (V-b1): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0252] In another embodiment, equation (Vb) is given by the following equation (V-b2): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0253] The above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer may be a random copolymer in which units denoted as xb and enclosed in parentheses and units denoted as yb and enclosed in parentheses are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer containing blocks consisting of units denoted as xb and enclosed in parentheses and blocks consisting of units denoted as yb and enclosed in parentheses.

[0254] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Vb) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0255] In another embodiment, the fluorine-containing polymer of the present disclosure is The following equation (Vc): [ka] [In formula (Vc), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 13 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Alkyl atoms, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It represents one type selected from among them. R 40C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xc represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zc1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zc2 represents an integer between 0 and 10,000. The order of existence of the units enclosed in parentheses with xc, zc1, and zc2 is arbitrary in equation (Vc), The formula (Vc) contains -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The number of is 1 or more, The asterisks (*) in the expression indicate that the terms are linked together. It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0256] By representing the above polymer with formula (Vc), it is possible to impart better properties such as extensibility.

[0257] The above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer may contain two or more units denoted as xc, zc1, or zc2 and enclosed in parentheses. When it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted as xc and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, the two or more units denoted as zc1 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted as zc2 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other.

[0258] A, R F1 , Rf, R F , X 1 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 40 , R f2 , R f3 , R f4 p, q, r, s, and xc are synonymous with the above. zc1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. zc2 represents an integer between 0 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. The sum of zc1 and zc2 is preferably an integer between 1 and 10,000, more preferably an integer between 5 and 5,000, even more preferably an integer between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably an integer between 20 and 5,000.

[0259] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 11 R is a hydrogen atom, 12 is C 1-4 It is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 13 is C 1-4 Alkyl alkyl group, -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X1 -R 1 It could be a hydrogen atom or an iodine atom.

[0260] With respect to 100 mol% of the total amount of the fluorine-containing polymer represented by the above formula (Vc), the proportion of the unit represented by formula (III-a) is preferably 1 mol% to 70 mol%, more preferably 5 mol% to 60 mol%, and even more preferably 10 mol% to 50 mol%.

[0261] Furthermore, the fluorine atom content in the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Vc) may be preferably 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer.

[0262] In one embodiment, equation (Vc) is given by the following equation (V-c1): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0263] In another embodiment, equation (Vc) is given by the following equation (V-c²): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0264] The fluorine-containing polymer represented by the above formula (Vc) may be a random copolymer in which units enclosed in parentheses with xc and units enclosed in parentheses with zc1 and / or zc2 are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer containing blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xc and blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zc1 and / or zc2.

[0265] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Vc) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0266] In yet another embodiment, the fluorine-containing polymer of the present disclosure is The following equation (Vd): [ka] [In formula (Vd), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CRf4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom. R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 13 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Alkyl atoms, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It represents one type selected from among them. R 40 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zd1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zd2 represents an integer between 0 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xd, yd, zd1, and zd2 is arbitrary in equation (Vd), -CF2-(R) included in equation (Vd) F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The number of is 1 or more, The asterisks (*) in the formula are linked to each other. It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0267] The above polymer, when represented by formula (Vd), can be given properties such as superior processability, flexibility, heat resistance, oil resistance, chemical resistance, extensibility, elasticity, and mechanical strength.

[0268] The above polymer may contain two or more units that are denoted as xd, yd, zd1, or zd2 and enclosed in parentheses. If it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted as xd and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, the two or more units denoted as yd and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, the two or more units denoted as zd1 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted as zd2 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other.

[0269] A, R F1 , Rf, R F , X 1 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 40 , R f2 , R f3 , R f4 p, q, r, s, x, and yd are equivalent to those above. zd1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. zd2 represents an integer between 0 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. The sum of zd1 and zd2 is preferably an integer between 1 and 10,000, more preferably an integer between 5 and 5,000, even more preferably an integer between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably an integer between 20 and 5,000.

[0270] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 5 R is a hydrogen atom, 6 R is a hydrogen atom, 7 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-16 It is an alkyl group or a nitrile group, R 11 R is a hydrogen atom, 12 is C 1-4 It is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 13 is C 1-4 Alkyl alkyl group, -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It could be a hydrogen atom or an iodine atom.

[0271] With respect to 100 mol% of the total amount of the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Vd) above, the proportion of the unit represented by formula (III-a) above is preferably 1 mol% to 50 mol%, more preferably 3 mol% to 40 mol%, and even more preferably 5 mol% to 30 mol%.

[0272] Furthermore, the fluorine atom content in the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Vd) may be preferably 1% to 50% by mass, and more preferably 5% to 40% by mass, of 100% by mass of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer.

[0273] In one embodiment, equation (Vd) is given by the following equation (V-d1): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0274] In another embodiment, equation (Vd) is given by the following equation (V-d2): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0275] The polymer represented by the above formula (Vd) may be a random copolymer in which units denoted by xd and enclosed in parentheses, units denoted by yd and enclosed in parentheses, and units denoted by zd1 and / or zd2 and enclosed in parentheses are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer comprising blocks of units denoted by xd and enclosed in parentheses, blocks of units denoted by yd and enclosed in parentheses, and blocks of units denoted by zd1 and / or zd2 and enclosed in parentheses. Furthermore, if the polymer is a block copolymer, the arrangement of the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xd, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with yd, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zd1 and / or zd2 is not particularly limited. The blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xd, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with yd, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zd1 and / or zd2 may be arranged in this order. The blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xd, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zd1 and / or zd2, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with yd may be arranged in this order.

[0276] Furthermore, the polymer represented by the above formula (Vd) may be a graft copolymer in which the unit enclosed in parentheses with xd and / or the unit enclosed in parentheses with yd is grafted onto the carbon atoms contained in the unit enclosed in parentheses with zd1; or it may be a mixture of a copolymer of the unit enclosed in parentheses with xd and yd and a polymer of the unit enclosed in parentheses with zd1 and / or zd2.

[0277] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Vd) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0278] In yet another embodiment, the fluorine-containing polymer of the present disclosure is The following equation (Ve): [ka] [In formula (Ve), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 5 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 6 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 7 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C 1-16 Hydroxyalkyl group, -CO-OR 8 , -CO-NR 9 R 10 It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R 8 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R 9 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence.1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 10 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R 9 and R 10 These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH2- on the ring may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. R 40 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xe1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xe2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. 'ye' represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of existence of the units xe1, xe2, and ye enclosed in parentheses is arbitrary in equation (Ve), The equation (Ve) contains -CF2-(R F1 )r -X 1 -R 1 The number of [items] is 1 or more. It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0279] By representing the above polymer with formula (Ve), even better properties such as processability, flexibility, elasticity, mechanical strength, oil resistance, chemical resistance, and heat resistance can be imparted. Furthermore, by using a raw material skeleton in the form of a block polymer as described above, the resulting material can possess properties as a thermoplastic elastomer, dispersant, and polymer emulsifier.

[0280] The above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer may contain two or more units that are denoted as xe1, xe2, or ye and enclosed in parentheses. When it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted as xe1 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, the two or more units denoted as xe2 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted as ye and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other.

[0281] A, R F1 , Rf, R F , X 1 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 40 , R f2 , R f3 , R f4 p, q, r, s, xe1, xe2, and ye are equivalent to those above.

[0282] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 5 is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and R 6 is C 1-4R is an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. 7 This can be one of the atoms selected from hydrogen, fluorine, and iodine.

[0283] The proportion of the unit represented by formula (III-a) relative to the total amount of the fluorine-containing polymer represented by the above formula (Ve) is preferably 1 mol% to 35 mol%, more preferably 3 mol% to 30 mol%, and even more preferably 5 mol% to 25 mol%. In the above formula (Ve), the unit represented by formula (III-a) is -[CR 2 2-CR 3 (A-(CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 31 ) s )]-, and,-[CR 3 (A-(CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 31 ) s )-CR 2 2] - Both are included.

[0284] Furthermore, the fluorine atom content in the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Ve) may be preferably 1% to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5% to 20% by mass, of 100% by mass of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer.

[0285] In one embodiment, equation (Ve) is given by the following equation (V-e1): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0286] In another embodiment, equation (Ve) is given by the following equation (V-e2): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0287] The polymer represented by the above formula (Ve) may be a random copolymer in which units labeled xe1 and enclosed in parentheses, units labeled ye and enclosed in parentheses, and units labeled xe2 and enclosed in parentheses are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer containing a block made up of units labeled xe1 and enclosed in parentheses, a block made up of units labeled xe2 and enclosed in parentheses, and a block made up of units labeled y2 and enclosed in parentheses. The following formula: [ka] Alternatively, the following formula: [ka]

[0288] It is preferable that the block copolymer is represented by . Furthermore, if the polymer is a block copolymer, the arrangement of the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xe1, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with ye, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xe2 is not particularly limited. For example, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xe1, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with ye, and the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xe2 may be arranged in this order.

[0289] The number-average molecular weight of the polymer represented by the above formula (Ve) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0290] In yet another embodiment, the above-mentioned fluoropolymer is The following equation (Vf): [ka] [In formula (Vf), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: [ka] The ring represented by and the following equation: [ka] Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R F1 In each occurrence, -(Rf) is independent. p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R 2 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 11 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R 12 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R 13 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-4 Alkyl atoms, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF 2 -(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It represents one type selected from among them. R 40 C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. 3-6 Represents an alkylene group, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xf2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zf2 represents an integer between 0 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xf1, xf2, zf1, and zf2 is arbitrary in equation (Vf), -CF2-(R) included in equation (Vf) F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 The number of is 1 or more, The asterisks (*) in the formula are linked to each other. It is preferable that it be represented as follows:

[0291] By representing the above polymer by formula (Vf), even better properties such as extensibility, elasticity, flexibility, processability, and mechanical strength can be imparted. Furthermore, by using a raw material skeleton in the form of a block polymer as described above, the resulting material can possess properties as a thermoplastic elastomer, dispersant, and polymer emulsifier.

[0292] The above polymer may contain two or more units that are denoted as xf1, xf2, zf1, or zf2 and enclosed in parentheses. If it contains two or more of these units, the two or more units denoted as xf1 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, the two or more units denoted as xf2 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, the two or more units denoted as zf1 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other, and the two or more units denoted as zf2 and enclosed in parentheses may be the same or different from each other.

[0293] A, R F1 , Rf, R F , X 1 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 40 , R f2 , Rf3 , R f4 p, q, r, s, xf1, and xf2 are equivalent to those above. zf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. zf2 represents an integer between 0 and 10,000, preferably between 5 and 5,000, more preferably between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably between 20 and 5,000. The sum of zf1 and zf2 is preferably an integer between 1 and 10,000, more preferably an integer between 5 and 5,000, even more preferably an integer between 10 and 5,000, and even more preferably an integer between 20 and 5,000.

[0294] In one embodiment, A is an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and R 2 R is a hydrogen atom, 3 R is a hydrogen atom, 11 R is a hydrogen atom, 12 is C 1-4 It is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R 13 is C 1-4 Alkyl alkyl group, -CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 It could be a hydrogen atom or an iodine atom.

[0295] The proportion of the unit represented by formula (III-a) relative to the total amount of the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Vf) is preferably 1 mol% to 70 mol%, more preferably 5 mol% to 70 mol%, and even more preferably 10 mol% to 65 mol%. In formula (Vf), the unit represented by formula (III-a) is -[CR 2 2-CR 3 (A-(CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 31 ) s )-, and,-[-CR 3 (A-(CF2-(RF1 ) r -X 1 -R 31 ) s )-CR 2 2] - Both are included.

[0296] In one embodiment, equation (Vf) is given by the following equation (V-f1): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0297] In another embodiment, equation (Vf) is given by the following equation (V-f2): [ka] It can be represented as follows.

[0298] Furthermore, the fluorine atom content in the fluorine-containing polymer represented by formula (Vf) may be preferably 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer.

[0299] The fluorine-containing polymer represented by the above formula (Vf) may be a random copolymer in which units denoted by xf1 and enclosed in parentheses, units denoted by zf1 and / or zf2 and enclosed in parentheses, and units denoted by xf2 and enclosed in parentheses are randomly arranged, or it may be a block copolymer containing blocks of units denoted by xf1 and enclosed in parentheses, blocks of units denoted by xf2 and enclosed in parentheses, and blocks of units denoted by zf1 and / or zf2 and enclosed in parentheses. The following formula: [ka] Also, the following formula: [ka]

[0300] It is preferable that the block copolymer is represented by the above. Furthermore, when the fluorine-containing polymer is a block copolymer, the arrangement of the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xf1, blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zf1 and / or zf2, and blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xf2 is not particularly limited. For example, the blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xf1, blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with zf1 and / or zf2, and blocks consisting of units enclosed in parentheses with xf2 may be arranged in this order.

[0301] The number-average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing polymer represented by the above formula (Vf) is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000, and even more preferably 7,000 to 200,000.

[0302] The above fluorine-containing polymer may include structures resulting from side reactions, for example, in the unit represented by formula (I), R 3 R 1 -X 1 -(R F1 ) r -CF2- is introduced into the structure, i.e., -[CR 2 2-C(-CF2-(R F1 ) r -X 1 -R 1 )(-A)]- may be included.

[0303] (Goods) The material comprises a base material and a layer formed on the surface of the base material by a surface treatment agent. The aforementioned substrate is The following equation (I): [ka] [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] The polymer contains units represented by, The aforementioned surface treatment agent The following equation (II): [ka] [In formula (II), R F1 is -(Rf) p -R F -(O) q - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C 1-16 Represents an alkylene group, R F This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R 1 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 C which may have an alkyl group, one or more substituents. 6-20 Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR f2 , -OR f2 , -SO2R f3 ,-CR f4 =CR f4 2. Represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R f2 C may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R f3 C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. 1-16 Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R f4 Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. Articles containing fluorine-containing compounds represented by are also included in the technical scope of this disclosure.

[0304] Since the articles of this disclosure have fluorine-containing organic groups attached to a substrate containing a polymer containing the unit represented by formula (I) above, they are expected to further possess properties such as processability derived from such polymer, as well as properties such as high chemical and thermal fastness, high water and oil repellency, and low refractive index derived from the fluorine-containing groups.

[0305] In one embodiment, the article is The material comprises a base material and a layer formed on the surface of the base material by a surface treatment agent. The aforementioned substrate is The following equation (I): [ka] [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R 3 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 1-4 [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] The polymer contains units represented by, The above surface treatment agent The following equation (VI): IR 40 -I (VI) [In formula (VI), R 40 C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 3-6 [Represents an alkylene group.] It may contain fluorine-containing compounds represented by [the formula shown].

[0306] The above-mentioned substrate may contain a polymer that includes the unit represented by formula (I), and is preferably a polymer represented by formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), or (If).

[0307] The above-mentioned substrate may consist solely of a polymer containing the unit represented by formula (I), or it may be a combination of a polymer containing the unit represented by formula (I) and other materials. Such other materials may include any suitable materials such as glass, other resins, metals (elementary metals such as aluminum, copper, and iron, or alloys containing such elemental metals), ceramics, semiconductors (silicon, germanium, etc.), fur, leather, wood, paper, ceramics, stone, and fabric.

[0308] The above-mentioned substrate may be in the form of powder, film, plate, film, pellet, molded body (various parts, etc.), or irregular shape. The above-mentioned substrate may be, for example, an adhesive or bonding agent (bond) before or after curing. By reacting it with a fluorine-containing compound represented by formula (II) or formula (VI) before curing, a fluorine-containing organic group can be uniformly introduced into the adhesive or bonding agent, and by reacting it with a fluorine-containing compound represented by formula (II) or formula (VI) after curing, a fluorine-containing organic group can be introduced into the surface of the cured product. The surface area of ​​the substrate on which the layer should be formed with the above-mentioned surface treatment agent only needs to be at least a portion of the substrate surface and can be appropriately determined according to the intended use and specific specifications of the article to be manufactured. For example, it is possible to introduce fluorine-containing organic groups to only a portion of the surface of the molded article.

[0309] The above surface treatment agent contains a compound represented by formula (II) or formula (VI). In one embodiment, the surface treatment agent may further contain, in addition to the compound represented by formula (II) or formula (VI), a basic compound, a catalyst, a one-electron reducing agent, a radical generating agent, a solvent, etc. As such basic compound, catalyst, one-electron reducing agent, radical generating agent, and solvent, compounds similar to those described in manufacturing method 1 can be used.

[0310] (Method of manufacturing articles) A method for manufacturing an article of the present disclosure comprises reacting the above-mentioned substrate with the above-mentioned surface treatment agent to form a layer on the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a polymer containing a unit represented by formula (I), and the surface treatment agent comprises a compound represented by formula (II) or formula (VI).

[0311] According to the method for manufacturing articles of this disclosure, a fluorine-containing organic group is imparted to a substrate containing a polymer containing the unit represented by formula (I) above. Therefore, it is expected that properties such as processability derived from the polymer, as well as properties such as high chemical and thermal fastness, high water and oil repellency, and low refractive index derived from the fluorine-containing group, can be further imparted.

[0312] The above reaction may be carried out under light irradiation. Such light irradiation is preferably ultraviolet irradiation and can be carried out by irradiating with light of a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm, for example, 350 nm to 380 nm. The light source used for such light irradiation can be the light source described in the manufacturing method.

[0313] The reaction temperature in the above reaction is preferably 0 to 60°C, more preferably 10 to 40°C, for example, room temperature. The reaction time in the above reaction is, for example, 10 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours.

[0314] The method for manufacturing the above article may further include removing unreacted surface treatment agents and / or by-products after forming a layer on the surface of the substrate. The removal of unreacted surface treatment agents and / or by-products may be carried out by one or more selected from washing or drying. Articles from which unreacted surface treatment agents and / or by-products have been removed are also included in the technical scope of the articles of this disclosure. [Examples]

[0315] The present invention will be further described in detail by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0316] (Example 1) Polystyrene (15) (M n = 1.1 × 10 4 M w / M n To a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.02), perfluorooctyl iodide (10 mol%), 5 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was stirred and irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, 7 mol% of the total benzene ring was found to be C8F 17 The polymer 16(M) into which the group was introduced n = 1.2 × 10 4 M w / M n (=1.16) was obtained in isolation yield of 92%. [ka]

[0317] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.07 (br), 6.57 (br), 1.84 (br), 1.43 (br), 0.71 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -81.23 (3F, br), -111.03 (2F, br), -122.37 (8F, br), -123.20 (2F, br), -126.61 (2F,br).

[0318] (Example 2) Polystyrene (15) (Total amount of aromatic rings is 0.5 mmol) (M n = 1.4 × 10 4 M w / M n To a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.03), iodide (17) (50 mol%), 5 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with 365 nm LED light and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 18(M) was obtained in which 37 mol% of the total benzene ring had three C2F4OCF groups introduced. n = 2.8 × 10 4 M w / M n (=2.2) was obtained in isolation yield of 89%. [ka]

[0319] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.04 (br), 6.54 (br), 1.78 (br), 1.41 (br), 0.69 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -55.69 (3F, br), -86.91 (2F, br), -89.68 (2F, br), -114.85 (2F, br).

[0320] (Example 3) Polystyrene (15) (Total amount of aromatic rings is 0.5 mmol) (Mn = 1.1 × 10 4 M w / M n To a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.02 benzene rings, Tg=84°C), 50 mol% iodide (19), 5 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with 365 nm LED light and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 20(M) was obtained, in which 29 mol% of the total benzene rings had a perfluoropolyether skeleton derived from the starting material iodide. n = 1.3 × 10 4 M w / M n A polymer (=1.5) was obtained with an isolation yield of 35%. DSC measurement revealed that the glass transition point (Tg) of the obtained polymer was 45°C, which is lower than that of the raw material polystyrene, confirming that a more flexible material was obtained. [ka]

[0321] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.04 (br), 6.55 (br), 1.80 (br), 1.41 (br), 0.69 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -80.55 (3F, br), -83.84 (2F, br), -85.13 (2F, br), -87.43 (3F, br), -89.22 (2F, br), -114.88 (2F, br), -146.25 (1F, br).

[0322] (Example 4) Polystyrene (15) (Total amount of aromatic rings is 0.5 mmol) (M n = 1.1 × 10 4 Mw / M n To a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (=1.02), 1 equivalent of perfluoroisopropyl iodide, 5 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with 365 nm LED light and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 21(M) was obtained in which perfluoroisopropyl groups were introduced into 31 mol% of the total benzene ring. n = 1.4 × 10 4 M w / M n =1.11) was obtained. [ka]

[0323] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.03 (br), 6.52 (br), 1.41 (br), 0.69 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -72.65 (6F, br), -74.62 (6F, br), -76.31 (6F, br), -179.22 (1F, br), -180.18 (1F, br), -183.03 (1F, br).

[0324] (Example 5) Polystyrene (15) (Total amount of aromatic rings is 0.5 mmol) (M n = 1.1 × 10 4 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (=1.02), 1 equivalent of ethyl iododifluoroethyl acetate, 5 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with 365 nm LED light and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 22(M) was obtained, in which the ethyl difluoroethyl skeleton corresponding to 11 mol% of the total benzene ring was introduced. n = 1.2 × 10 4 M w / M n (=1.04) was obtained in isolation yield of 82%. [ka]

[0325] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.08 (br), 6.57 (br), 1.83 (br), 1.41 (br), 0.71 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ = -103.60 (2F, br).

[0326] (Example 6) Polystyrene (15) (Total amount of aromatic rings is 0.5 mmol) (M n = 1.1 × 10 4 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (=1.02), 1-bromo-2-iodotetrafluoroethane (50 mol%), 5 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with 365 nm LED light and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 23(M) was obtained in which 30 mol% of the entire benzene ring had C2F4Br groups introduced. n = 1.2 × 10 4 M w / M n A quantitative result of 1.04 was obtained. [ka]

[0327] 1 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.04 (br), 6.51 (br), 1.83 (br), 1.41 (br), 0.69 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -65.16 (2F, br), -108.24 (2F, br)

[0328] (Example 7) Polystyrene (15) (Total amount of aromatic rings is 0.5 mmol) (M n = 1.1 × 10 4 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.02), iodide (24) (50 mol%), 5 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 25(M) was obtained in which 15 mol% of the entire benzene ring had a C2F4OC2F4Br group introduced. n = 1.3 × 10 4 M w / M n A quantitative result of 1.51 was obtained. [ka]

[0329] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.05 (br), 6.55 (br), 1.79 (br), 1.41 (br), 0.70 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -69.89 (2F, br), -87.00 (2F, br), -87.99 (2F, br), -114.97 (2F, br).

[0330] (Example 8) Polystyrene (15) (Total amount of aromatic rings is 0.5 mmol) (M n = 1.1 × 10 4 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.02), 1,6-diiodoperfluorohexane (50 mol%), 5 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was stirred and irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, 11 mol% of the total benzene ring contained C6F 12 The target polymer 27(M) into which the I group was introduced. n = 1.3 × 10 4 M w / M n Compound 2.3) was obtained with an isolation yield of 75%. It was confirmed that 1 mol% of the total benzene rings formed a cross-linked structure, but the obtained polymer was soluble in chloroform and THF. [ka]

[0331] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.06 (br), 6.56 (br), 1.58 (br), 0.70 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -59.35 (2F, br), -111.10 (2F, br), -113.52 (2F, br), -121.54 (6F, br), -121.88 (6F, br)

[0332] (Example 9) Poly(α,β,β-trifluorostyrene)(28)(Total aromatic ring content 0.5 mmol)(M n = 5.5 × 10 4 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (=8.31), 1 equivalent of perfluoropropyl iodide, 5 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with 365 nm LED light and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 29(M) was obtained in which 43 mol% of the total benzene ring had C3F7 groups introduced. n = 2.4 × 10 5 M w / M n (=3.43) was obtained in isolation yield of 69%. [ka]

[0333] 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3):δ= 7.14 (br), 6.93 (br), 6.54 (br), 5.74 (br) 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) :δ= -80.5 (3F, br), -81.1 (3F, br), -108.2 (3F, br), -109.4 (2F, br), -113.05 (2F, br), -127.31 (2F, br), -175.2 (2F, br)

[0334] (Example 10) A copolymer (commonly known as AS resin) in which the molar composition ratio of acrylonitrile to styrene is 2:3 (30) (total amount of benzene rings is 0.5 mmol) (M n = 6.1 × 10 4 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (4.92), 1 equivalent of perfluoropropyl iodide, 5 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with 365 nm LED light and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 31(M) was obtained in which 13 mol% of the total benzene ring had a C3F7 group introduced. n = 2.7 × 10 4 M w / M n (=1.42) was obtained with an isolation yield of 12%. [ka]

[0335] Spectrum of compound 31 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3):δ= 7.13 (br), 6.75 (br), 2.55 (br), 1.61 (br), 1.42 (br) 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) :δ= -80.5 (3F, br), -112.4 (2F, br), -127.0 (2F, br)

[0336] (Example 11) A resin sample plate containing acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and styrene components, ABS, natural color (AS ONE "product number 3-3262-01") (32) (total amount of benzene rings is 0.5 mmol) (M n = 5.8 × 10 4 M w / M nA solution of 3.15 (C3F7) was dissolved in 5 mL of dichloromethane, and 1 equivalent of perfluoropropyl iodide, 5 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous cesium carbonate were added. The mixture was then irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 2 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as the poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as the poor solvent. As a result, a target polymer 33(M3F7) with a total of 0.0754 mmol of C3F7 groups and a fluorine content of 13 wt% was obtained. n = 5.7 × 10 4 M w / M n It was found that the result was =3.58). [ka]

[0337] Spectrum of compound 33 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3):δ= 7.13 (br), 6.75 (br), 2.56 (br), 2.03 (br), 1.61 (br) 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) :δ= -80.4 (3F, br), -81.0 (3F, br), -112.2 (2F, br), -126.9 (2F, br)

[0338] (Example 12) Block copolymer containing 29% by weight of polystyrene units (commonly known as hydrogenated styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (SEBS)) (34) (total amount of aromatic rings is 0.5 mmol) (M n = 1.2 × 10 5 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (=1.23), 1 equivalent of perfluoropropyl iodide, 5 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 3 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 3 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 35(M) was obtained in which 21 mol% of the total benzene ring had a C3F7 group introduced. n = 9.6 × 10 4 M w / M n (=1.51) was obtained with an isolation yield of 88%. [ka]

[0339] Spectrum of compound 35 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3):δ= 7.05 (br), 6.56 (br), 1.84 (br), 1.68 (br), 1.43 (br), 1.26 (br), 1.08 (br), 0.83 (br) 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) :δ= -80.5 (3F, br), -81.2 (3F, br), -112.0 (2F, br), -114.8 (2F, br), -125.1 (2F, br), -127.0 (2F, br)

[0340] (Example 13) Block copolymer containing 30% by weight of polystyrene units (commonly known as styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (SBS)) (36) (192 mg) (M n = 1.5 × 10 5 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.17), perfluoropropyl iodide (1 equivalent relative to the total amount of benzene rings), 5 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 1.5 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 2 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitation using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purification was performed by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 37(M) with a fluorine content of 12% by weight was obtained. n = 2.5 × 10 4 M w / M n (=3.53) was obtained in an isolated yield of 211 mg. [ka]

[0341] Spectrum of compound 37 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3):δ= 7.08 (br), 6.58 (br), 5.42 (br), 4.96 (br), 4.08 (br), 2.08 (br), 2.03 (br), 1.43 (br) 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) :δ= -80.8 (3F, br), -81.2 (br), -110.4 (2F, br), -111.14 (2F, br), -114.8 (2F, br), -121.6 (2F, br), 122.3 (2F, br), -125.6 (2F, br), 128.2 (2F, br)

[0342] (Example 14) Block copolymer containing 22% by weight of polystyrene units (commonly known as styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (SIS)) (38) (240 mg) (M n = 2.3 × 10 5 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.22), perfluoropropyl iodide (1 equivalent relative to the total amount of benzene rings), 5 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 1.5 equivalents (1 mL) of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 2 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitation using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purification was performed by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 39(M) with a fluorine content of 23% by weight was obtained. n = 9.8 × 10 4 M w / M n (=3.54) was isolated and yielded a yield of 323 mg. [ka]

[0343] Spectrum of compound 39 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3):δ= 7.07 (br), 6.57 (br), 5.12 (br), 4.75(br), 4.67 (br),4.48 (br), 2.03 (br), 1.67 (br), 1.59 (br), 1.43 (br) 19 F NMR (471MHz, CDCl3) :δ= -80.5 (3F, br), -80.9 (3F, br), -81.1 (3F, br), -111.4 (2F, br), -125.6 (2F, br), -128.2 (2F, br)

[0344] (Example 15) Polystyrene (15) (M n = 5.8 × 10 3 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (=1.03), 0.5 equivalents of diiodoperfluorobutyl, 5 equivalents of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 1.5 equivalents of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a dichloromethane / water (5 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 40(M) was obtained in which 30 mol% of the total benzene ring had a C4F8 group introduced. n = 8.9 × 10 3 M w / M n (=1.12) was obtained with an isolation yield of 63%. The fluorine content was 10% by mass. [ka]

[0345] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 6.99 (br), 6.43 (br), 1.46 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -103.34 (br), -134.83 (br)

[0346] (Example 16) Polystyrene 41 (M n = 8.9 × 10 3 M w / M n To a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.03), 0.2 to 1 equivalent of perfluoropropyl iodide, 3 equivalents of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 1.5 equivalents of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a dichloromethane / water mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymers 41a to 41d were obtained, in which 23 to 102 mol% of the total benzene ring had C3F7 groups introduced. The introduction rate was determined using α,α,α-trifluorotoluene as a reference substance.19 The measurement was performed by 1F NMR. [ka]

[0347] Table 1 shows the results of measuring the contact angles with water and with n-dodecane for polystyrene 41 and polymers 41a to 41d. [Table 1]

[0348] The contact angle was measured using the following method. A polymer solution was prepared by dissolving the polymer in toluene (30% by mass) to a concentration of 30% by mass. This polymer solution was spin-coated onto a silicon wafer and heated and dried at 110°C to prepare a film of the polymer on the silicon wafer. Contact angle measurements were performed at 25°C using a wettability evaluation device (contact angle meter) LSE-ME5 (manufactured by NIC Co., Ltd.). Specifically, a substrate with a polymer film to be measured was placed horizontally, and the liquid to be measured (water or n-dodecane) was dropped onto its surface from a microsyringe. A still image was captured with a video microscope one second after dropping to measure the static contact angle. The static contact angle was measured at three points on the substrate with different surface treatment layers, and the average value was used.

[0349] (Example 17) Polystyrene 42 (M n = 8.9 × 10 3 M w / M nTo a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (=1.03), 0.5 to 1 equivalent of a compound represented by RfI (where Rf represents the group shown in Table 2), 3.0 equivalents of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 1.5 equivalents of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a dichloromethane / water mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymers 42a to 42f were obtained, in which 17 to 79 mol% of the total benzene ring had Rf groups introduced. The introduction rate was determined using α,α,α-trifluorotoluene as a reference substance. 19 The measurement was performed by 1F NMR. [ka]

[0350] The following table shows the results of measuring the contact angles with water and with n-dodecane for polystyrene 42 and polymers 42a to 42f. [Table 2]

[0351] (Example 18) Polystyrene 43 (M n = 8.9 × 10 3 M w / M n For a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (=1.03), the following formula is used: [ka] 0.5 equivalents of the compound represented by (where Rf represents the group shown in Table 3), 3.0 equivalents of aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution, and 1.5 equivalents of aqueous cesium carbonate solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a dichloromethane / water mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 43a(M) was obtained in which Rf groups were introduced into 44 mol% of the entire benzene ring. n= 1.4 × 10 4 M w / M n (=1.06) was obtained with an isolation yield of 69%. The fluorine content in polymer 43a was 40% by mass. The introduction rate was determined using α,α,α-trifluorotoluene as the reference substance. 19 The measurement was performed by 1F NMR. [ka]

[0352] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.03 (br), 6.50 (br), 1.77 (br), 1.40 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -68.55 (br), -111.19 (br), -120.68 (br), -121.94 (br)

[0353] (Example 19) Polystyrene 44 (M n = 8.9 × 10 3 M w / M n For a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (=1.03), the following formula is used: [ka] 0.5 equivalents of the compound represented by (RfI), 3.0 equivalents of aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution, and 1.5 equivalents of aqueous cesium carbonate solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a dichloromethane / water mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 44a(M) was obtained in which Rf groups were introduced into 19 mol% of the entire benzene ring. n = 1.6 × 10 4 M w / M n(=1.08) was obtained with an isolation yield of 118%. The fluorine content in polymer 44a was 41% by mass. The introduction rate was determined using α,α,α-trifluorotoluene as the reference substance. 19 The measurement was performed by 1F NMR. [ka]

[0354] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.04 (br), 6.56 (br), 3.92 (br), 1.80 (br), 1.42 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -80.87 (br), -83.12 (br), -84.92 (br), -85.89 (br), -114.93 (br), -132.30 (br), -145.96 (br)

[0355] The contact angle, advance angle, receding angle, and sliding angle with respect to water were measured for polystyrene 44 and polymer 44a, and the results are shown in the table below.

[0356] [Table 3]

[0357] The forward angle, backward angle, and sliding angle were measured using the following method. A polymer solution was prepared by dissolving the polymer in toluene (30% by mass) to a concentration of 30% by mass. This polymer solution was spin-coated onto a silicon wafer and heated and dried at 110°C to prepare a film of the polymer on the silicon wafer. The forward angle, backward angle, and sliding angle measurements were performed in a 25°C environment using a wettability evaluation device (contact angle meter) LSE-ME5 (manufactured by NIC Co., Ltd.). Specifically, a substrate with a polymer film to be measured was placed horizontally, and the liquid to be measured (water or n-dodecane) was dropped onto its surface from a microsyringe. The substrate was then gradually tilted from a horizontal position, and the tilt angle at which the droplet slid was defined as the sliding angle, the contact angle at the front of the droplet as the forward angle (θa), and the contact angle at the rear of the droplet as the backward angle (θr).

[0358] (Example 20) Polystyrene 45 (M n = 8.9 × 10 3 M w / M n To a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.03), 0.5 equivalents of a compound represented by RfI (where Rf represents the group shown in Table 4), 3.0 equivalents of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 1.5 equivalents of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a dichloromethane / water mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymers 45a to 45b were obtained, in which 19 to 69 mol% of the total benzene ring had Rf groups introduced. The introduction rate was determined using α,α,α-trifluorotoluene as a reference substance. 19 The measurement was performed by 1F NMR. [ka]

[0359] The contact angle, advance angle, receding angle, and sliding angle with respect to n-dodecane were measured for polystyrene 45 and polymers 45a to 45b, and the results are shown in the table below. [Table 4]

[0360] (Example 21) Polyvinyl naphthalene 46 (M n = 4.4 × 103 M w / M n To a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (2.28), 0.5 to 1 equivalent of perfluoropropyl iodide, 3.0 equivalents of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 1.5 equivalents of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a dichloromethane / water mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymers 46a to 46b were obtained, in which 37 to 53 mol% of the total benzene ring had perfluoropropyl groups introduced. The introduction rate was determined using α,α,α-trifluorotoluene as a reference substance. 19 The measurement was performed by 1F NMR. [ka]

[0361] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.98 (br), 1.43 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -80.58 (br), -105.47 (br), -112.08 (br), -125.08 (br), -126.61 (br)

[0362] (Example 22) Poly(4-chloro)styrene 47 (Mw=3.9×10) 4 To a 5 mL dichloromethane solution of benzene rings (Mw / Mn=3.17), 1.0 equivalent of perfluoropropyl iodide, 3.0 equivalents of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 1.5 equivalents of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitation using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purification was performed by reprecipitation using a dichloromethane / water mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 47a (Mw=3.9 × 10¹⁶) was obtained in which perfluoropropyl groups were introduced into 8 mol% of the total benzene rings. 4Polymer 47a (Mw / Mn = 3.17) was obtained with an isolation yield of 69%. The fluorine content of polymer 47a was 7% by mass. [ka]

[0363] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.04 (br), 6.40 (br), 2.02 (br), 1.91 (br), 1.83 (br), 1.59 (br), 1.32 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -80.58 (br), -81.27 (br), -108.49 (br), -113.04 (br), -122.86 (br), -123.40 (br), -124.16 (br), -125.27 (br), -126.66 (br)

[0364] (Example 23) To a 5 mL dichloromethane solution of polystyrene-poly(α-methyl)styrene copolymer 48 (styrene[x]:α-methylstyrene[y]=2:1), 1.0 equivalent of perfluoropropyl iodide, 3.0 equivalents of aqueous sodium thiosulfate, and 1.5 equivalents of aqueous cesium carbonate were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitation using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purification was performed by reprecipitation using a dichloromethane / water mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the target polymer 48a (Mw=4.9×10) with a fluorine content of 38 wt% was obtained. 3 A yield of 30.1 mg of (Mw / Mn=1.41) was obtained through isolation. [ka]

[0365] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.10 (br), 6.89 (br), 6.67 (br), 1.56 (br), 1.05 (br), 0.72 (br), 0.40 (br), 0.05 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -80.60 (br), -112.24 (br), -126.75 (br), -127.00 (br), -127.17 (br), -127.61 (br)

[0366] (Example 24) Polystyrene (49) (M n = 8.9 × 10 3 M w / M n To a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.03), 50 mol% perfluorocyclohexyl iodide, 3 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 1.5 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitated using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purified by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, cC6F was found to be present in 28 mol% of the total benzene ring. 11 The polymer 49a(M) into which the group was introduced n = 1.3 × 10 4 M w / M n (=1.04) was obtained in isolation yield of 94%. [ka] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.03 (br), 6.49 (br), 1.77 (br), 1.41 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -118.73 (br), -119.52 (br), -122.13 (br), -122.87 (br), -123.19 (br), -123.96 (br), -133.22 (br), -134.01 (br), -138.81 (br), -139.56 (br), -141.84 (br), -142.60 (br)

[0367] (Example 25) Polystyrene (50) (M n = 8.9 × 10 3 M w / M n To a 5 mL solution of dichloromethane (1.03), perfluorodecyl iodide (30 mol%), 3 equivalents (1 mL) of sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and 1.5 equivalents (1 mL) of cesium carbonate aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was irradiated with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was reprecipitation using methanol as a poor solvent, and further purification was performed by reprecipitation using a methanol / water (3 / 2) mixed solvent as a poor solvent. As a result, the fluorine content was 39% by mass, with 20 mol% of the total benzene ring being C 10 F 21 The polymer 50a(M) into which the group was introduced n = 1.3 × 10 4 M w / M n (=1.11) was obtained in isolation yield of 91%. [ka] 1 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ= 7.04 (br), 6.56 (br), 1.82 (br), 1.43 (br) 19 F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ= -81.42 (br), -111.15 (br), -122.39 (br), -123.32 (br), -126.76 (br)

Claims

1. A method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, The following equation (I): 【Chemistry 1】 [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. １－４ [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] A polymer containing units represented by, The following equation (II): 【Chemistry 2】 [In formula (II), R Ｆ１ is -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1, independently in each occurrence. By reacting a fluorine-containing compound represented by under ultraviolet irradiation, the following formula (III): 【Transformation 3】 [In formula (III), A, R Ｆ１ , X １ , R １ , R ２ , R ３ And r have the same meaning as above. A method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, comprising obtaining a fluorine-containing polymer containing units represented by .

2. A method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, The following equation (I): 【Chemistry 4】 [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. １－４ [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] A polymer containing units represented by, The following equation (VI): I-R ４０ -I (VI) [In formula (VI), R ４０ C ３－６ This represents a fluoroalkylene group. By reacting a fluorine-containing compound represented by under ultraviolet irradiation, the following formula (VII): 【Transformation 5】 [In formula (VII), A, R ２ , R ３ and R ４０ This is synonymous with the above. A method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, comprising obtaining a fluorine-containing polymer containing units represented by .

3. The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (IV-a): 【Transformation 6】 [In formula (IV-a), R ５ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ６ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R ７ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C １－１６ Hydroxyalkyl groups, -CO-OR ８ , -CO-NR ９ R １０ It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R ８ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R ９ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R １０ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R ９ and R １０ These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH on the ring ２ The - may be substituted with one or more of the following selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. The unit is represented by the following formula (IV-b): 【Transformation 7】 [In formula (IV-b), R １１ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ [Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom.] The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising one or more units selected from those represented by .

4. The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (I-a): 【Transformation 8】 [In formula (I-1), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. xa represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, as represented by the method described in claim 1 or 2.

5. The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (I-b): 【Chemistry 9】 [In formula (I-b), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ５ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ６ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R ７ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C １－１６ Hydroxyalkyl groups, -CO-OR ８ , -CO-NR ９ R １０ It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R ８ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R ９ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R １０ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R ９ and R １０ These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH on the ring ２ The - may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. xb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xb and yb is arbitrary in equation (I-b). The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, as represented by the method described in claim 1 or 2.

6. The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (I-c): 【Chemistry 10】 [In formula (I-c), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １１ represents, independently for each occurrence, a C １－４ alkyl group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R １２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. xc represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zc represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xc and zc is arbitrary in equation (I-c). The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, as represented by the method described in claim 1 or 2.

7. The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (I-d): 【Chemistry 11】 [In formula (I-d), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ５ represents, independently at each occurrence, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R ６ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R ７ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C １－１６ Hydroxyalkyl groups, -CO-OR ８ , -CO-NR ９ R １０ It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R ８ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R ９ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R １０ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R ９ and R １０ These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH on the ring ２ The - may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. R １１ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. xd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units xd, yd, and zd, enclosed in parentheses, is arbitrary in equation (I-d). The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, as represented by the method described in claim 1 or 2.

8. The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (I-e): 【Chemistry 12】 [In formula (Ie), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ５ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ６ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R ７ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C １－１６ Hydroxyalkyl groups, -CO-OR ８ , -CO-NR ９ R １０ It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R ８ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R ９ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R １０ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R ９ and R １０ These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH on the ring ２ The - may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. xe1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xe2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. 'ye' represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of existence of the units denoted by xe1, xe2, and ye, enclosed in parentheses, is arbitrary in equation (I-e). The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, as represented by the method described in claim 1 or 2.

9. The aforementioned polymer is The following equation (I-f): 【Chemistry 13】 [In formula (If), In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １１ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. xf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xf2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zf represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units denoted by xf1, xf2, and zf and enclosed in parentheses is arbitrary in equation (I-f). The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, as represented by the method described in claim 1 or 2.

10. The following equation (III-a): 【Chemistry 14】 [In formula (III-a), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R Ｆ１ is -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ３１ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. ７－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. A fluorine-containing polymer containing units represented by .

11. The following equation (VII): 【Chemistry 15】 [In formula (VII), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ４０ C ３－６ This represents a fluoroalkylene group. A fluorine-containing polymer containing units represented by .

12. The following equation (III): 【Chemistry 16】 [In formula (III), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R Ｆ１ is -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. The units represented by, The following equation (VII): 【Chemistry 17】 [In formula (VII), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ４０ C ３－６ This represents a fluoroalkylene group. One or more units selected from those represented by, The following equation (IV-a): [Chemistry 18] [In formula (IV-a), R ５ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ６ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R ７ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C １－１６ Hydroxyalkyl groups, -CO-OR ８ , -CO-NR ９ R １０ It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R ８ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R ９ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R １０ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R ９ and R １０ These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH on the ring ２ The - may be substituted with one or more of the following selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. A unit expressed as The following equation (IV - b): 【Chemistry 19】 [In formula (IV-b), R １１ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ [Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom.] The units represented by, The following equation (IV-c): 【Chemistry 20】 [In formula (IV-c), R １１ This is synonymous with the above, R １３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Alkyl alkyl groups, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R １ It represents one type selected from among them. R Ｆ１ is -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1, independently in each occurrence. A fluorine-containing polymer comprising one or more units selected from those represented by .

13. The following equation (V-a): 【Chemistry 21】 [In formula (V-a), A1, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: 【Chemistry 22】 The ring represented by and the following equation: 【Chemistry 23】 Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R Ｆ１ In each occurrence, independently, -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ３１ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. ７－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ４０ In each occurrence, C is independent. ３－６ Represents a fluoroalkylene group, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xa represents an integer between 2 and 10,000. -CF included in equation (V-a) ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R ３１ The number of these is 1 or more. The fluorine-containing polymer according to claim 10 or 11, represented by

14. The following equation (V - b): 【Chemistry 24】 [In formula (V-b), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: 【Chemistry 25】 The ring represented by and the following equation: 【Chemistry 26】 Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R Ｆ１ In each occurrence, independently, -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ５ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ６ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R ７ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C １－１６ Hydroxyalkyl groups, -CO-OR ８ , -CO-NR ９ R １０ It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R ８ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R ９ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R １０ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R ９ and R １０ These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH on the ring ２ The - may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. R ４０ In each occurrence, C is independent. ３－６ Represents a fluoroalkylene group, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yb represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xb and yb is arbitrary in equation (V-b), -CF included in equation (V-b) ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R １ The number of these is 1 or more. The fluorine-containing polymer according to claim 12, as represented by the above.

15. The following equation (V - c): 【Chemistry 27】 [In formula (Vc), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: 【Chemistry 28】 The ring represented by and the following equation: 【Chemistry 29】 Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R Ｆ１ In each occurrence, independently, -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １１ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R ４０ In each occurrence, C is independent. ３－６ Represents a fluoroalkylene group, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R １３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Alkyl alkyl groups, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R １ It represents one type selected from among them. R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xc represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zc1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zc2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xc, zc1, and zc2 is arbitrary in equation (V-c), -CF included in formula (V-c) ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R １ The number of such items is 1 or more. The asterisks (*) in the formula indicate that the elements are linked together. The fluorine-containing polymer according to claim 12, as represented by the above.

16. The following equation (V - d): 【Transformation 30】 [In formula (Vd), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: 【Chemistry 31】 The ring represented by and the following equation: 【Chemistry 32】 Represents one or more types selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R Ｆ１ In each occurrence, independently, -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ５ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ６ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R ７ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C １－１６ Hydroxyalkyl groups, -CO-OR ８ , -CO-NR ９ R １０ It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R ８ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R ９ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R １０ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R ９ and R １０ These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH on the ring ２ The - may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. R １１ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R １３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Alkyl alkyl groups, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R １ It represents one type selected from among them. R ４０ In each occurrence, C is independent. ３－６ Represents a fluoroalkylene group, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and the -CH on the ring. ２ The - may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. yd represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zd1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zd2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of the units enclosed in parentheses with xd, yd, zd1, and zd2 is arbitrary in equation (V-d), -CF included in formula (V-d) ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R １ The number of such items is 1 or more. The asterisks (*) in the formula are linked to each other. The fluorine-containing polymer according to claim 12, as represented by the above.

17. The following equation (V - e): 【Transformation 33】 [In formula (Ve), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: 【Transformation 34】 The ring represented by and the following equation: 【Chemistry 35】 Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R Ｆ１ In each occurrence, independently, -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R ５ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ６ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R ７ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Alkyl group, vinyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, C １－１６ Hydroxyalkyl groups, -CO-OR ８ , -CO-NR ９ R １０ It represents one selected from a nitrile group, a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom. R ８ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents alkyl groups, sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, or hydrogen atoms. R ９ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R １０ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, Or, R ９ and R １０ These may, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring containing a nitrogen atom, and the -CH on the ring ２ The - may be substituted with one or more selected from -O-, -S-, and -NH-. R ４０ In each occurrence, C is independent. ３－６ Represents a fluoroalkylene group, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xe1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xe2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. 'ye' represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of existence of the units enclosed in parentheses with xe1, xe2, and ye is arbitrary in equation (V-e), -CF included in equation (V-e) ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R １ The number of these is 1 or more. The fluorine-containing polymer according to claim 12, as represented by the above.

18. The following equation (V - f): 【Transformation 36】 [In formula (Vf), A2, in each occurrence, is independently expressed by the following formula: 【Chemistry 37】 The ring represented by and the following equation: 【Transformation 38】 Represents one or more selected from the ring represented by In each instance, A independently represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R Ｆ１ In each occurrence, independently, -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ Each instance independently represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group. X １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R １ C may be independently substituted by one or more halogen atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ２ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １１ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom. R １２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Represents an alkyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or chlorine atom. R １３ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－４ Alkyl alkyl groups, hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, and -CF ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R １ It represents one type selected from among them. R ４０ In each occurrence, C is independent. ３－６ Represents a fluoroalkylene group, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. q is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. r is either 0 or 1 independently in each occurrence. s represents an integer between 0 and 5, independently in each occurrence. xf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. xf2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zf1 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. zf2 represents an integer between 1 and 10,000. The order of existence of the units denoted by xf, xf2, zf1, and zf2 and enclosed in parentheses is arbitrary in equation (V-f), -CF included in equation (V-f) ２ - (R Ｆ１ ) ｒ -X １ -R １ The number of such items is 1 or more. The asterisks (*) in the formula indicate that the elements are linked together. The fluorine-containing polymer according to claim 12, as represented by the above.

19. The material comprises a base material and a layer formed on the surface of the base material by a surface treatment agent. The aforementioned substrate is The following equation (I): 【Chemistry 39】 [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. １－４ [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] The polymer contains units represented by, The aforementioned surface treatment agent The following equation (II): 【Chemistry 40】 [In formula (II), R Ｆ１ is -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. An article containing a fluorine-containing compound represented by [the formula shown].

20. This includes reacting a substrate with a surface treatment agent under ultraviolet irradiation to form a layer on the surface of the substrate. The aforementioned substrate is The following equation (I): 【Chemistry 41】 [In formula (I), A represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle. R ２ This represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. R ３ C may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. １－４ [Represents an alkyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom.] The polymer contains units represented by, The aforementioned surface treatment agent The following equation (II): 【Chemistry 42】 [In formula (II), R Ｆ１ is -(Rf) ｐ -R Ｆ - (O) ｑ - represents, Rf may be independently substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence of C １－１６ Represents an alkylene group, R Ｆ This represents a divalent fluoro(poly)ether group, X １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkylene group or a single bond, R １ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ C, which may have one or more substituents, such as an alkyl group. ６－２０ Aromatic hydrocarbon group, silsesquioxane residue which may have one or more substituents, -COOR ｆ２ , -OR ｆ２ , -SO ２ R ｆ３ , -CR ｆ４ =CR ｆ４ ２ , represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, R ｆ２ C may be independently substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in each occurrence. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, R ｆ３ C may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. １－１６ Represents an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. R ｆ４ Each instance independently represents either a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. p is either 0 or 1, q is either 0 or 1, r is either 0 or 1. A method for producing an article containing a fluorine-containing compound represented by [the formula shown].

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