Electromedical system for non-invasive diagnosis of neoplastic diseases

Abstract

An electromedical system (1) for non-invasive diagnosis of oncological diseases, comprising an electromagnetic source unit (2), a receiving unit (3), a multi-band and multi-channel antenna (4) and a processing unit (5) with data processing software. The electromagnetic source unit (2) is configured to generate and emit electromagnetic pump signals, electromagnetic probe signals and test and reference signals. The receiving unit (3) is configured to receive and measure the amplitude and phase of the signals generated by the electromagnetic source unit (2) and captured, in use, by the multi-band and multi-channel antenna (4).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications This patent application claims priority from European Patent Applications No. 20217275.5 and No. 21155605.5, filed on December 24, 2020 and February 5, 2021 respectively, and Italian Patent Application No. 102021000032537, filed on December 23, 2021, and the entire disclosure thereof is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to an electro - medical system for non - invasive diagnosis of oncological diseases.

Background Art

[0003] Over the past few decades, various techniques and related devices have been developed to investigate the properties of biological materials.

[0004] For example, using computed tomography, it is possible to generate a three - dimensional image through a series of cross - sectional scans of the body. Most of the activities in the field of image reconstruction are based on the use of X - rays and other narrow - beam transmission radiations, such as gamma rays. The quantity measured and displayed is the absorption of X - rays in each elemental volume within the cross - section of the object.

[0005] Instead of irradiating a selected part of the body with transmission radiation and measuring the amount emitted from the other side, emission tomography measures the transmission radiation emitted by a special radiochemical substance injected into the body and generates an image of the region through which the radiation beam passes. In the case of medical examinations, X - ray tomography poses a health risk due to the effects of ionizing radiation. Research and development in this field are focusing on increasingly sensitive sensors to reduce the dose emitted to the body.

[0006] Other imaging methods use non-ionizing radiation. In ultrasound devices, for example, high-frequency ultrasound pulses are transmitted to the body, and the reflected pulses (echo data) are used to reconstruct an image of the tissue's shape. Although this technique uses non-ionizing radiation, it has several drawbacks, the main being that the echo data often contains considerable noise and its definition is limited, thus restricting its possible applications.

[0007] Complementary techniques for mapping the electrical properties of biomaterials are related to impedance analysis using weak current or microwave tomography techniques. Despite recent developments, these techniques also suffer from the same drawbacks as ultrasonic methods. Bioelectric mapping methods are primarily based on the investigation of the dielectric constant and conductivity of biomaterials.

[0008] Conductivity can be obtained from measurements taken at different radio frequencies by a sensing coil, depending on the amount of imbalance that occurred in a previously stable equilibrium system. Some diagnostic devices work by measuring changes in the electrical constants and conductivity of breast tissue. It is also possible to irradiate target tissue or material with electromagnetic radiation and, using techniques mainly developed for avionics and ground radar systems, detect the scattered electromagnetic radiation to extract the structural properties of the target (in the time and / or frequency domain).

[0009] In the field of diagnostics, some devices also utilize fluorescent radiation stimulated by primary electromagnetic excitation.

[0010] Another class of diagnostic techniques refers to systems based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR devices utilize the fact that atomic nuclei, typically single protons or hydrogen nuclei, have small nuclear momentum and associated spin angular momentum. The combined effect of magnetism and spin momentum causes the nuclei to precess in the direction of the applied magnetic field. In NMR, a magnetic gradient is applied to the sample being examined, causing the nuclei to tend to align in the direction of the static magnetic field, resulting in the mass magnetization of the sample. If the magnetization is then disturbed using further pulses, repolarization occurs based on the spin-lattice relaxation time. The precession frequency, known as the Larmor frequency, is typically detected between 10 and 100 MHz, which requires the application of a high-intensity magnetic field (0.2 to 2.5 Tesla). This is the greatest limitation of this technique.

[0011] It is known that when pulsed EM energy is absorbed by biological tissue using photon-sonic coupling, a portion of the impact energy is converted into acoustic energy. Several devices have been developed to analyze this information and reconstruct images of the biological tissue being examined. Absorption correlates with the dielectric constant, conductivity, and frequency selected to excite the material being examined.

[0012] In the concise and non-extensive review above, all reported techniques are characterized by their ability to investigate specific physical responses of biological targets during examination. These physical responses are typically acquired and measured at the expense of increasing the entropy of the system during examination. This side effect arises from the exposure of the sample during examination to energy emitted by the detection device (X-rays, static magnetic fields, electromagnetic fields, etc.). In some cases, fundamental criticality also emerges; for example, in NMR, further increases in entropy can reduce or even negate the ability to obtain potentially important microscopic information. This is known in the case of nuclear quadrupole resonance, where it is negated by the high static magnetic field of the NMR device.

[0013] Bioelectric properties The discovery of electrical properties in living tissue dates back to 1926, when it was recognized that the dielectric properties of tumors differed significantly from those of healthy tissue when irradiated with electromagnetic (EM) waves at a frequency of approximately 20 kHz.[1] Particularly, and interestingly, Fricke and Morse found that malignant tumors had considerably higher capacitance compared to benign lesions or healthy tissue. They reported the polarization effect of these biological systems and noted that the central (oldest) portion of the tumor had lower capacitance compared to the actively growing edges (capacity decreased with the patient's age).

[0014] The estimation of parameters in the Fricke-Mohrs model of biological tissues is widely used in the processing and analysis of bioelectrical impedance data. More recent studies have confirmed that the dielectric properties of cells depend on their type and physiological state, with MDA-231 human breast cancer cells exhibiting, for example, 11 mF / m², compared to resting T lymphocytes. 2 In contrast to the value of 26mF / m 2 It has the average specific volume of the plasma membrane.[2]

[0015] Without undertaking a lengthy review of results on this topic, I will only cite the recent observation [3] that a well-tuned EM signal can induce self-assembly of tubulin proteins, but has no effect on spontaneous microtubule growth in the absence of EM pumping (see live visualization in [4] where the frequency intervals at which the protein mechanically folds and its structure vibrates electromagnetically are measured). Equally interesting is the dielectrophoretic separation of tumor cells from blood [2] achieved by applying a heterogeneous electric field (of rotational frequencies up to 140 MHz) to a sample.

[0016] Both of the above examples, in particular, illustrate the fact that in biological systems, non-thermal effects occur when an applied electromagnetic field interacts with this biological system. A series of lengthy experimental and theoretical studies have also led to the conclusion that cells become electrically polarized when exposed to an oscillating electric field, which in turn induces polarization (dipole) oscillations in biological systems.

[0017] To recognize relevant scientific literature, it is also reported here that the dielectric properties of a cell are determined by the morphology of the cell surface, the dimensions of the cell, and other biochemical factors. These effects can be included (within 10% of the actual values, with a 90% confidence level) in the specific dielectric model referenced in [2].

[0018] Therefore, under appropriate boundary conditions, the problem of biological diseases can be analyzed as anisotropy with respect to the medium (body) through which the exploratory electromagnetic field penetrates.

[0019] In fact, cells that form living tissues communicate through gap junctions, which allow the passage of ions and other signaling molecules between cells. This establishes electrical connections between cells. Biological membranes form systems with a high level of molecular integration, where chemical, lipid, structural protein, and enzymatic components interact with each other, binding together to form a basic and unified structure.

[0020] Cells in diseased tissues, particularly tumor cells, are characterized by different forms of atypia (metabolic, biochemical, and coordinated behavior), with pathogenic membrane changes involved at both the intracellular vesicle and cell surface levels. Surfaces are typically electrostatically charged, which determines mutual attraction or repulsion. Tissue cells attract and adhere to one another through both the presence of glycoprotein binding substances and the action of ions that neutralize surface charges and form bridges between cells. All cells exhibit an electronegative surface. In tumor cells, the electronegativity of the cell surface increases, which is related to an increase in sialic acid. Electronegativity is not counteracted by calcium ions, and its importance in adhesion is well known. In tumors, extracellular calcium content is reduced, preventing adhesion.

[0021] In addition to adhesion, the fundamental role of proteins in cells should also be mentioned. In fact, their job is to form and maintain the membrane's bilipid layer, within which they are free to move, either by translation or rotation, depending on the fluidity of the lipid layer. This property changes significantly in the case of tumors.

[0022] Finding new targets for the study and understanding of tumor cells is one of the greatest challenges in current medical research. In particular, predicting whether a tumor is progressing or going into remission is a critical priority. To this end, various approaches have been attempted to predict the behavior of tumor cells before and after the initiation of treatment.

[0023] Another important point to consider is undoubtedly that during tumor progression, changes occur not only in the macroscopic structure and viscoelasticity of cells, but also in the microscopic dynamics within them. This occurs because changes in cell morphology and pleoforming naturally affect the pathways through which organelles, water, and other biomolecules can move. Curiously, despite this idea being established and the fact that cells primarily contain water molecules, there has been little research focusing on the properties of water inside and outside cells and relating them to the behavior of tumor cells.

[0024] Given the properties of the cell medium, changes in the characteristics and properties of water may correlate with single or individual types of movement, and this distinction may be key to explaining how and why water dynamics change within cells with different prognoses [5]. Possible differences can be traced back to different ways in which water can interact within the complex cellular environment. Weakly interacting water molecules behave similarly to free water, at approximately 3 × 10⁶ at 37°C. -9 m 2 While scattering occurs with a scattering coefficient of 1 / s, water molecules trapped by folded proteins, cell membranes, and organelles exhibit different properties, for example, because their mobility and therefore effective scattering are limited [6].

[0025] Changes in the scattering coefficient can also have a significant impact on the tissue's response when exposed to an electromagnetic field, explaining how the phenomenon of electromagnetic interaction varies as the prognosis of cells differs, and thus potentially representing a new means of specific information transmission.

[0026] Generally, at the cell membrane level, the following different events are known. · Loss of contact inhibition, · Decrease in adhesiveness, · Increase in mobility, · Increase in the presence of bound water.

[0027] These phenomena lead to the conclusion that the onset of disease creates new degrees of freedom with respect to the electronic and ionic charges involved in cell exchange dynamics.

[0028] Furthermore, the detachment of cells from tumors and the binding of tumor cells to bone are strongly influenced by cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix adhesion, attributes that give tumors quantifiable biophysical properties. These properties are the elasticity of the tumor (a measure of the tumor's ability to deform in response to an applied stress), the viscosity of the tumor (an indicator of cell motility within the tumor), and the density of the tumor (the dynamic and complex manifestation of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion). These phenomena are essential for investigating the biophysical and biomolecular changes associated with the malignant progression of tumors.

[0029] Various adhesion factors have been studied as markers for the presence of cancer.

[0030] For example, hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan, regulates cell adhesion and migration. Hyaluronidase (HAase), an endoglycosidase, breaks down HA into small angiogenic fragments. Using assays similar to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, increased HA levels (3–8 times) were observed in prostate cancer tissue (CaP) compared to normal tissue (NAP) and benign tissue (BPH) [7]. The majority of HA (75–80%) in prostate tissue was found in the free form. Primary CaP fibroblasts and epithelial cells secreted 3–8 times more HA than NAP and BP cultures, respectively. Only CaP epithelial cells and established CaP strains secreted HAasi, and its secretion increased with tumor stage and metastasis.

[0031] Stromal and epithelial expression patterns of HA and HYAL1 were observed in CaP tissue. High HA coloration was observed in tumor-associated stroma, while HYAL1 coloration in tumor cells increased with tumor stage and metastasis.

[0032] While HA of higher or intermediate molecular weight was found in all tissues, HA fragments were found only in CaP tissue. In particular, high-quality CaP tissue exhibiting high levels of HA and HYAL1 contained fragments of angiogenic HA. Interstitial epithelial expression of HA and HYAL1 can promote angiogenesis in CaP and may function as charge vectors for electromagnetic interactions.

[0033] Clearly, the greater freedom of movement of these available charges, typical in pathological conditions (rotational motion, ionic flow), can be used to investigate the biophysical state of tissues through electromagnetic interactions.

[0034] When irradiated by an electromagnetic field, molecules such as water and proteins attempt to minimize the potential energy of their dipoles by forming lines along the field's polarization.

[0035] Spectroscopic analysis reveals that the rotational motion of water molecules bound to polymers resonates at frequencies of 100-1000 MHz, and this can be used to provide a high-information signal. However, the technical challenge lies in converting this signal, as its intensity is extremely weak.

[0036] Traditional biology has primarily focused on the ultrastructure of biomaterials, i.e., cellular or molecular structures as in molecular biology or microbiology, provided by physicochemical concepts. However, biomaterials have recently come to be recognized as electromagnetic assemblies and complex electrical network systems. Consequently, various new mechanical, electromagnetic, and electrodynamic effects are being described in the latest literature, and cumulatively, not only for the electrical properties and functions of the biomaterials themselves, but also for the interaction between biomaterials and external electromagnetic fields as a coherent whole, considering synergistic effects.

[0037] In the physical world, the structure and properties of materials can be described in two ways: the microstructure in terms of particles (atoms, molecules, and / or elementary particles) and the macrostructure in terms of a continuum (medium or fluid). Similarly, the structure and properties of biomaterials can also be described in two ways: the microstructure in terms of cells, molecules, and basic "biologically closed electrical circuits," and the macrostructure in terms of a continuum (fluid). [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0038] Therefore, there is a recognized need in this field for non-invasive diagnostic methods to identify neoplastic diseases.

[0039] The object of the present invention is to provide an electromedical system for the non-invasive diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. [Means for solving the problem]

[0040] According to the present invention, an electromedical system as claimed in the appended claims is provided. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0041] [Figure 1] This is a simplified diagram of a synchronous field and a biological oscillator. [Figure 2] This figure shows the competition between slow external vibrations (frequency W and force F0) and rapid internal vibrations (frequency ω0) when W << ω0. According to F. Kaiser [9], if W << ω0 and F0 grow in directions abcdef, the internal vibrations of the irradiated system must gradually reduce their frequency until they synchronize with the external frequency. Phases bcde represent transient moments in the vibration disturbance. [Figure 3] Graph A shows the case where the frequency of the external vibration is approximately equal to the frequency of the internal system (λ≒ω0). After a certain external radiation time, an amplitude jump in the internal vibration is obtained by resonance, preserving the same frequency. If λ<<ω0, after a certain time the system vibrates at frequency λ and a lower amplitude (Graph B). [Figure 4] This diagram illustrates the phenomenon of a phase-conjugate mirror. To achieve the described effect, two waves, called pump waves, coming from both directions, are radiated onto a nonlinear medium. When a third (probe) signal wave is transmitted onto the medium, it generates a fourth wave (idler) that propagates backward in time with respect to the signal. [Figure 5] This is a block diagram of an electromedical system. [Figure 6] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the functional configuration of the beam of the source unit of the electromedical system. [Figure 7] This diagram schematically illustrates that the formation of parametric instability depends on the state of the tissue's complex arrangement. [Figure 8] This figure shows the transmission to the antenna of the system in Figure 5 of the homeostatic state detected by the receiving unit of the system in Figure 5 based on the received field map, in the case of healthy tissue. [Figure 9]This figure shows the transmission to the antenna of the system in Figure 5 of the state of homeostasis detected by the receiving unit of the system in Figure 5 based on the received field map in the case of diseased tissue. [Figure 10] Figure 5 is a circuit block diagram of the receiving unit of the electromedical system. [Figure 11] This diagram shows the architecture of a receive chain on a single bandwidth. [Figure 12] This diagram schematically shows the configuration of the antenna array. [Figure 13] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit block diagram of the probe for the electromedical system. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0042] Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can manufacture and use it. Various modifications to the embodiments described will be immediately apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles described can be applied to other embodiments and uses without departing therefrom, as defined in the accompanying claims. Accordingly, the present invention should not be considered to be limited to the embodiments described and illustrated, but rather to be given the broadest scope according to the described and claimed features.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly used by those with ordinary experience in the art relating to this invention. In the event of any inconsistency, this description, including the definitions provided, shall be binding. Furthermore, these examples are provided purely for illustrative purposes and should not be considered limiting.

[0044] In particular, the block diagrams included in the figures attached and described below should not be understood as representing structural features, i.e., structural limitations, but rather as representing functional features, i.e., the inherent characteristics of the device, and should be defined by the resulting effects, i.e., functional limitations and how they can be implemented in various ways, and thus, for example, how their functionality (possibilities of function) can be protected.

[0045] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments described herein, several specific embodiments will be referenced and described using specific language. The terminology used herein is for the sole purpose of describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0046] synchronization The subject of the novel extraction method described herein is to obtain information useful for understanding and analyzing the state of biological tissues by non-invasive electromagnetic means and without the use of ionizing radiation. Considering the above introductory premise, the phenomenon of "synchronization" is mentioned, though not exclusively.

[0047] The history of synchronization dates back to the 17th century when the Dutch scientist Christian Huygens reported his observations on the behavior of two newly invented pendulum clocks that synchronized with each other through oscillating mechanical coupling. This invention greatly improved timekeeping accuracy and helped address the problem of determining longitude.

[0048] In the mid-19th century, Sir Rayleigh, in his book "The Theory of Sound," described the intriguing phenomenon of synchronization in acoustic systems. "When two organ pipes of the same pitch are placed side by side, complexity arises, which frequently causes actual problems. In extreme cases, the pipes may diminish each other and become silent. Even with moderate mutual influence, despite the unavoidable small differences, the pipes may come to play in perfect harmony." Thus, Rayleigh observed not only the mutual synchronization when two different but similar pipes begin to play in harmony, but also the correlational effect of vibration damping when coupling causes the suppression of vibrations in the interacting system.

[0049] In many natural situations, interactions exist between several oscillators. If two oscillators (whether mechanical or not) can change their rhythm, then a number of systems can also do so.

[0050] Apart from the various possible dynamic systems and coupling configurations between oscillators, a key aspect of the overall behavior of a group of interacting oscillators is the transition from a disordered state to a synchronous state (a more ordered state) when the strength of coupling between systems exceeds a critical threshold. The Kuramoto model [8] constitutes a simplified explanation of the dynamics of a group of interacting oscillators and describes the mechanism of the birth and maintenance of synchronization.

[0051] In the original version, this is distributed according to the probability density g(ω) and coupled to natural frequencies ω in proportion to the sine of the phase difference. i A phase θ having i We present this as a population of N oscillators with (t).

[0052]

number

[0053] The coefficient 1 / N guarantees good behavior of the model at the thermodynamic limit N→∞, while K represents the coupling strength. Clearly, at K=0, the oscillator has its natural frequency, ω i They evolve accordingly.

[0054] This equation therefore describes the dynamics of a population of oscillators coupled on any topology. It can be used, for example, as a model for the dynamics of a power distribution network or for biological systems interacting at various levels.

[0055] The present invention is based on the availability of an electronic architecture in which an active oscillator, whose frequency is agile in its operating band (i.e., free), acts as an active stimulus to a more or less complex group of oscillators that form a single unit of the biomaterial to be examined. The operating band of the active oscillator is the specific characteristic frequency ω of the oscillator to be synchronized. i It is assumed to be proportional to [the given value]. The coupling vector between the active oscillator and the interacting oscillator consists of the electromagnetic field of the stimulus.

[0056] One of the most important aspects for a method and apparatus to function correctly is the use of both: (i) The corresponding frequency band between the stimulation oscillator frequency and the bio-oscillating frequency, (ii) A coupling coefficient K that can be experimentally calibrated and thus allows the synchronization phenomenon to be converted into the interference mode described below.

[0057] If the coupling vector is to be an electromagnetic field, then it is clear that the oscillators in the network must have the privilege of interacting with, for example, the stimulation field of an active oscillator. In fact, the field will primarily act on the ionic charges and dipole moments belonging to the biomolecular structure.

[0058] The active source must be free to interact with the fundamental components of the biomedium to create a specific coupling pattern, related to the principle of minimizing the energy of the overall eigenstates, which describes the coupled system formed by the active external source and the passive network of oscillators.

[0059] The following demonstrates that, under stimulation (pump) conditions, the vibrating material behaves in a very specific way relative to the probe field.

[0060] The frequency-based explanation of the collective behavior of bio-oscillators synchronized by a stimulating field (see also Figure 1) is provided by F. Kaiser's theory [9]. The collective motion of tissues is hypothetically defined to have an oscillation frequency of ω0. In the interaction model between non-ionizing radiation and biomaterials, Kaiser considers the competitive interaction that can occur between the low-frequency external electromagnetic oscillations (slow oscillations) and high-frequency internal oscillations (rapid oscillations) of the irradiated biological system, as well as the interaction governed by the external oscillation frequency W, the internal oscillation frequency ω0, and the force F0 of the external oscillations (see Figure 2).

[0061] It has been shown that when an internal vibration of frequency ω0 is disturbed by a force F0 and an external vibration of a much lower frequency W than ω0, the internal vibration enters a series of quasi-periodic, irregular, or aperiodic states as F0 increases until it becomes perfectly synchronized. At this point, the internal vibration synchronizes with the new externally set frequency W and its original frequency, and oscillates with a constant amplitude F0. This phenomenon is highly dependent on W and F0.

[0062] It should be noted that during the time t required for complete synchronization of the internal vibrations with the newly set external values ​​W and F0, there are moments when the internal vibration phenomenon reaches quasi-periodic and aperiodic states. At the end of the synchronization process, when the frequency and intensity of the internal vibrations stabilize at the externally set values, a new vibrational order is reached in the sense that the molecular process acted upon by the external radiation continues regularly, but with the new frequency and intensity values ​​(see example in Figure 2).

[0063] In F. Kaiser's model, other interactions between external and internal vibrations are possible (Graph A in Figure 3). If the frequency W of the external vibration is equal to the frequency ω0 of the internal vibration process, then after a certain external stimulus time, there will be an amplitude jump in the internal vibration, but this will maintain the same frequency (resonant excitation). On the other hand, if the frequency W is much lower than the frequency ω0, then after time t, the amplitude and frequency W will jump to vibrations with lower amplitudes and frequencies (Graph B in Figure 3).

[0064] Operating principle: Biophase coupling Nonlinear and parametric processes are central to wave propagation modes in complex environments. They are central to many applications in high-frequency optics and acoustics.

[0065] In optics, it is well known that phase conjugation can be generated through processes such as four-wave mixing, creating a "phase conjugate mirror" (see Figure 4). When a monochromatic source point emits a wave through an optically nonlinear crystal, the phase conjugate mirror generates a backpropagating wave that refocuses at the same location as the light source. This behavior demonstrates how crystals behave like time-reversal devices under these conditions.

[0066] It is important to note that the effect of the pump wave is equivalent to time modulation of the refractive index at twice the frequency of the signal being used.

[0067] Recently, the possibility of obtaining phase conjugation on sound waves in liquids through the induction of Faraday instability

[10] has been discovered and demonstrated. In this case, pumping is performed mechanically with a single source of vibration, which causes the liquid to vibrate in competition with gravity.

[0068] This document discloses the ability of a biomedium to behave like a phase-conjugate mirror when stimulated by an electromagnetic pump.

[0069] In the extracellular space, there is a large amount of water in which many ions are dissolved. When the frequency of the external pumping field causes charge anisotropy (separation of positive ions from negative ions) due to the fact that opposite signs are accelerated in both directions, a strong local electrostatic force is generated that attempts to reabsorb the spatial anisotropy in some way.

[0070] High-frequency vibrations, when the separation between positive and negative ions can no longer be ignored, induce spatiotemporal modulation of the local dielectric constant in biomedium, similar to plasma vibrations.

[0071] In the present invention, an electromedical system 1 for the non-invasive diagnosis of neoplastic diseases is used to activate phase coupling in a biomedium (i.e., the patient).

[0072] The steps for activating phase coupling in a biomedium are therefore as follows: a) The electromagnetic pump signal is activated by an oscillator, particularly one with frequency agility, which is preferably, but not required, varied in separate subbands in the range of 300 MHz to 2800 MHz, for example, 900 MHz to 960 MHz, 1800 MHz to 1920 MHz, etc., although not required. The electromagnetic pump signal acts as an activation-driving stimulus for a passive bio-oscillator (charge). The coupling vector is the electromagnetic field due to the radiation pressure connected to it, mainly on the longitudinal field component. The stimulation frequency should be close to that of the possible oscillations of the bio-oscillator (usually, but not required, 20% of the nominal frequency value). b) After a pre-stimulation period that can vary from a few seconds to 30 seconds, the fundamental oscillators of the biomedium resonate and enter a synchronized, coherent state. c) The synchronized coherent structure of the medium exhibits spatiotemporal modulation of the dielectric constant for a period equal to twice the stimulation period.

[0073] In this invention, the electromagnetic pump signal constitutes parametric excitation of biological tissue, comparable to a state of Faraday instability. If the tissue is outside its homeostatic state, the periodic oscillation of the stimulus induces a coherent destabilization, similar to Faraday instability at a liquid interface (see, for example, Figure 7). This instability can be detected by interacting it with a second electromagnetic probe signal, which represents the biological medium.

[0074] If the frequency of the electromagnetic probe signal is equal to half the frequency of the electromagnetic pump signal, and equal to the modulation frequency of the dielectric transmittance, the interaction of the involved signals will invert both in time and in the wave vector, resulting in the generation of an idler beam in response.

[0075] Therefore, we have disclosed that a biomaterial in a disordered state, and thus far from homeostasis, synchronized by an electromagnetic pump signal, acts like a phase-conjugate mirror to a second incident beam, generating a third response beam that is inverted in both time and direction of propagation.

[0076] Since the response wave is refocused to any initial source, a reverse non-invasive procedure allows for the external evaluation and measurement of specific properties of the material under inspection, namely those in a state of non-homeostasis.

[0077] Methods and Systems Tumor cell membranes are well known to have different electrochemical properties and charge distributions compared to normal tissue

[11] . Since homeostasis is completely lost in tissues where tumor neoplasia is present, it is possible to analyze this by the method and electromedical system 1 of the present invention.

[0078] Figures 7, 8, and 9 schematically illustrate the different results obtained during the application of the method and electromedical system 1 according to the present invention.

[0079] Among the many changes compared to healthy cells, tumor cells have lower potassium concentrations and higher sodium and (above all) water content than normal cells [12-14]. Consequently, cancer cells exhibit a higher dielectric constant and interact differently from normal cells when an external electromagnetic field is applied. This property is utilized by conventional imaging systems that use a search electromagnetic field (microwave tomography).

[0080] This invention does not use the principle of radio wave tomography.

[0081] The electromedical system 1 for applying the method described above essentially consists of an electromagnetic source unit 2, a receiving unit 3, multiband and multichannel antennas 4, and software installed on a computer (processing unit 5) for processing data, all of which are appropriately connected to each other (see Figure 5).

[0082] In other words, the present invention describes an electromedical system 1 for the non-invasive diagnosis of neoplastic diseases, comprising an electromagnetic source unit 2, a receiving unit 3, a multiband and multichannel antenna 4, and a processing unit 5 equipped with data processing software.

[0083] The electromagnetic source unit 2 forms the active generation and transmission portion of the electromedical system 1. The electromagnetic source unit 2 is configured to generate and radiate electromagnetic pumps, probes, and test and reference signals.

[0084] In particular, with the appropriate configuration, the signal can be emitted by physically separate radio frequency antennas and generators, or the signal emission and / or generation parts can be shared. The electromagnetic source unit 2 produces several spectral and spatial field components, which have specific roles and functions. In terms of radiation characteristics, the near-field component acts essentially reactively with the oscillators of the bio-network and acts as a pump stimulus. Interacting with the material being pumped, the radiation field (probe field) component interacts electromagnetically with the vibrating material and initiates coherent motion through interaction with the electromagnetic pump signal.

[0085] In particular, the electromagnetic source unit 2 may include a pump antenna and a probe antenna that emit an electromagnetic pump signal and an electromagnetic probe signal, respectively.

[0086] To implement adaptive techniques for finding the best pump synchronization frequency, arbitrary modulation can be superimposed on the radiated signal, usually in continuous wave (CW). The frequency of the electromagnetic pump signal may, but not necessarily, vary in separate subbands in the range of 300 MHz to 2800 MHz. Since the probe frequency is equal to half the pump frequency, the frequencies of the probe and test and reference electromagnetic signals will consequently be confined to the upper band.

[0087] To obtain effective scanning simultaneously across several frequency bands, a harmonic generator (of electromagnetic source unit 2) can be used, with various fundamental and harmonic bands acting as pumps and probes, and also being interchangeable.

[0088] In other words, the electromagnetic source unit 2 may include a harmonic generator that generates electromagnetic pump signals and electromagnetic probe signals.

[0089] Signal generation must ensure frequency agility, which is the function of frequency isolation between the pump source and the bio-oscillator. Typically, tuning and synchronization to the frequency of a passive bio-oscillator requires a value of 20% of the nominal frequency. This frequency agility can be achieved by a free oscillator or by scanning the frequency controlled through analog and / or digital technology.

[0090] The amplitude of the signal transmitted in the region of contact with biological tissue is preferably, though not essential, in the range of 2 V / m to 20 V / m. This level of amplitude can be used as a synchronization parameter. Synchronization is related to nonlinear phenomena.

[0091] In further detail, the electromagnetic source unit 2 includes an antenna that emits electromagnetic pump signals and electromagnetic probe signals.

[0092] Preferably, the antenna of the electromagnetic source unit 2 has impedance matching in the operating bandwidth to enable an accurate radiation level equal to a reflection loss of -20 dB.

[0093] The receiving unit 3 is configured to receive signals generated by the electromagnetic source unit 2, which are captured by the multiband and multichannel antenna 4, and to measure their amplitude and phase.

[0094] The multiband and multichannel antenna 4 acts as a spatial and spectral filter by its radiative configuration, which is an array of independently separated elements appropriately distributed in space, for example, to map the distribution of the received field.

[0095] The optical fiber link 6 (of the electromedical system 1) connects the electromagnetic source unit 2 to the local oscillator of the receiving unit 3, thereby enabling the reception of a field that is coherent in terms of amplitude and phase. Commands and control signals also travel along the optical fiber 6 between the receiving unit 3 and the electromagnetic source unit 2.

[0096] The receiving unit 3 must be able to receive signals that correlate with itself in space and time, and demodulate those signals if necessary. The modulation of the test and reference signals can be intentionally provided by the electromagnetic source unit 2, but it can also be superimposed on the test and reference signals and associated with phenomena such as the micro-Doppler phenomenon, which suggests the oscillatory dynamics within carriers of information about the order or disorder of homeostasis in the biomedium, i.e., tissue. Analysis of the superimposed modulation is considered important for the identification of any major biomolecular assemblies (proteins, bound water, ions, etc.) that constitute the synchronized bio-oscillators.

[0097] Multi-channel and multi-frequency reception must be performed in real time and simultaneously on all channels, or, if a switching system is used, the switching must be fast enough to allow spatial mapping of the signal's phase and amplitude so that the latency for reading is negligible compared to the physical changes in the signal to be received. Consequently, the switching and reading of the signal must be performed with an overall period of less than 0.04 seconds for each measurement frame.

[0098] The computer (processing unit 5) uses software to enable the real-time display of the signal amplitude measured by the receiving unit 3 on the screen.

[0099] The diagnosis of homeostasis is performed based on signals indicating the presence of the above state, obtained by measuring detected interferences through a biological phase-coupled mechanism. Appropriate selection rules and algorithms combining the analysis of various signals are fundamental to identifying critical thresholds and interference levels. This concept is also schematically illustrated in Figures 8 and 9.

[0100] The logic of electromedical system 1 is derived from the interaction between the collective and coordinated effects induced by the electromagnetic pump signal and the electromagnetic probe signal. Phase-conjugate signals and , test and reference signals to It is based on the interference electromagnetic interaction between them.

[0101] The coherent radiation beam emanating from the transmitter of this electromedical system 1 locally excites dipole resonant oscillations to transmit energy transport in biological systems.

[0102] In tumor metabolism, the nonlinear coupling of elastic and dipole vibrations of DNA, proteins, and membranes in a state of non-homeostasis with respect to pump signals leads to a transition of the system to a state of parametric Faraday instability (see also Figure 7).

[0103] Under the influence of the radiation of this invention, the induced parametric instability behaves like a biophase-conjugate mirror, and its activation is identified and quantified by mapping the field received from antenna 4 (see also Figure 7). The diagnosis of the above state, which also defines the level of diagnosis and prognosis of the altered biological state, is therefore a simple and immediate process based on the correlation phase between the disease and the detected field distribution.

[0104] The receiving unit 3 is connected to an array of independent antennas, which, in their configuration, allow for the analytical reconstruction of the incident wavefront resulting from the interaction of the field of the electromagnetic source unit 2 with the biological tissue. A holographic algorithm enables the real-time graphical display of qualitative information regarding the health of the tissue on the display 15, which can then be quantified in a subsequent post-processing phase and correlated with a database of already stored experimental data. Machine learning and classification phases are part of the post-processing subsystem.

[0105] As a non-limiting application example of this method and system, the procedure according to the present invention for extracting information on the homeostasis of prostate tissue is described.

[0106] Because the examination is non-invasive, it can be performed directly on the patient without the risk of side effects. The patient stands in front of the array of antennas 4 at a distance of 110-160 centimeters from here. Once all receiving and transmitting devices associated with the electromagnetic source unit 2 and receiving unit 3 are connected and activated, as in the configuration of Figure 5, the pump antenna (of the electromagnetic source unit 2) that emits an electromagnetic pump signal is positioned near the prostatic organ. The pump antenna must be positioned in the area of ​​an anatomical window, as used in ultrasound examinations, through which the stimulation signal can reach the tissue of the organ being examined. In the case of the prostate, the anatomical window that can be used is the area above the perineum and pubis. The source (antenna) that produces the electromagnetic probe signal is also positioned in the same anatomical window. The electromagnetic probe signal interacts with the tissue as described in the previous paragraph. As shown in the diagrams of Figures 5 and 12, the array of antennas 4 receives the interference signal. The organ is explored by moving the source (probe 8) and rotating the source relative to the body axis, while keeping it in contact with the epidermis as much as possible, albeit through tight clothing.

[0107] The wavefront representation received from the array represents the phase-conjugated level measurements obtained within the stimulated tissue.

[0108] system The electromedical system 1 for the non-invasive diagnosis of neoplastic diseases essentially consists of an electromagnetic source unit 2, a receiving unit 3, multiband and multichannel antennas, and software installed on a computer (processing unit 5) for data processing, all of which are appropriately connected and interact with each other, as already described.

[0109] The electromagnetic source unit 2 forms the active generation and transmission portion of the system, from which the pump, probe, and test and reference signals are generated and emitted.

[0110] In this implementation, the electromagnetic source unit 2 is housed in a handpiece (probe 8), which can be held in the hand and used to scan the area being examined. In particular, the probe 8 is configured to be positioned in contact with the area of ​​the patient being examined during scanning.

[0111] The electromagnetic source unit 2 includes a free oscillator 9 capable of generating RF signals at the fundamental frequency, in the UHF band frequencies, and at its harmonics. The handpiece (probe 8) also includes a high-speed optical fiber transmitter 19, in addition to a power supply circuit and control circuit (e.g., for monitoring the correct operation of the oscillator and the battery charge status) (with a relatively high-capacity lithium battery 10), which extracts a portion of the signal from the oscillator 9 and transmits it in the optical fiber 6. The probe 8 also includes a circuit for managing the charging of the lithium battery using a 5V external power supply 11 (e.g., standard USB). In particular, the probe 8 also includes a battery charger 17.

[0112] The handpiece (on probe 8) has four control buttons 12 labeled A, B, C, and D. A key press must be indicated along with information about which key was pressed, and for this purpose, a circuit enabling optical carriers on the fiber is used. The "key press" event and "key number" information are transmitted by coded modulation of the optical signal. This modulated signal can also transmit other information regarding the operating status of probe 8 and the battery charge level.

[0113] The receiving unit 3 includes three receiving channels 21 that simultaneously receive signals transmitted by probe 8 at the fundamental frequency and at the second and third harmonics. Each receiving channel 21 includes an I / Q mixer with an amplifier 13, a radio frequency filter 14, and a low-pass filter at its output, which receives in-phase and perpendicular-phase components of the received signal relative to the transmitted signal, thus enabling amplitude and phase measurements.

[0114] The local oscillator signal begins with the test and reference signals received from the probe 8 via the optical fiber 6 and is generated for each of the receiving channels 21 by appropriate amplifiers 13 and filters 14 (fundamental frequency F1) and multipliers x2 (frequency F2) and x3 (frequency F3). Thus, the received signal and the local oscillator signal are essentially the same frequency, and the output of the I / Q mixer is represented by a DC voltage proportional to the amplitude of the received signal, multiplied by the sine and cosine waves of the phase difference between the received signal and the reference signal, respectively.

[0115] Any extraband disturbances present even at frequencies very close to the measurement frequency can be induced as vibrational signals at the output of the I / Q mixer and removed by the low-pass low-frequency filtering stage.

[0116] Antenna 4 includes dipole elements 7 (suggestively, but not exclusively, 9, 32, 64, or 128 elements), receives in a wide bandwidth, has reduced dimensions (suggestively, but not exclusively, a few centimeters), and enables measurement of the electromagnetic field generated by probe 8 interacting with a part or organ of the patient being examined at different points on a surface, given, suggestively, located at a distance of 1 m to 2 m.

[0117] The receiving element 7 of antenna 4 may be a passive broadband element (e.g., a biconical dipole or Vivaldi antenna) or an element that resonates at one of the received frequencies, typically the probe frequency (e.g., an inductively or capacitively charged dipole). These elements are isolated from the signal cable by, for example, a ferrite balun.

[0118] The receiving element 7 of antenna 4 can also be composed of an active element (for example, a very small dipole for a given wavelength with an integrated broadband amplifier). In this case, sufficient measurement sensitivity can be achieved with a very small receiving element, and thus it is possible to reduce the spacing between measurement points (for example, 1 / 5 to 1 / 10 of the wavelength) and measure the signal received on the measurement surface.

[0119] Referring particularly to Figure 10, the signals received from each single element 7 of the antenna 4 are transmitted to the receiving unit 3 by a highly isolated high-frequency switching device 19 (suggestively at least 80 dB). This highly isolated switching device 19 can consist of a switch and one or more lightly isolated circuit breakers (e.g., 40 dB each) to obtain the required level of isolation. The switch and circuit breakers must consist of PIN diodes, MOSFET switches, or equivalent systems to reduce switching time (suggestively to the order of 1 μs).

[0120] The input switch (switch device 19) allows the input of the receiving unit 3 to be isolated from the antenna 4, and also enables connection to an internal signal generator to perform zero setting and calibration of the I / Q mixer for the three receiving channels 21.

[0121] The broadband signal coming from the selected antenna 4 is then separated into three principal components (fundamental, second, and third harmonics) by the separator filter 20 (diplexer) (of the receiving unit 3) and transmitted to three receiving channels 21.

[0122] Referring particularly to Figure 11, the controller 18 of the receiving unit 3 controls the input switches and circuit breakers, and reads the amplitudes of signals I (in-phase) and Q (out-of-phase) by a suitable separate A / D converter 22 with a short conversion time (suggestively less than 1 μs per sample). To optimize the acquisition speed and isolation between receiving channels 21, two A / D converters 22 are used for each receiving channel 21 (to read signals I and Q23 simultaneously).

[0123] Furthermore, to improve the sensitivity of the receiving unit 3, it is also possible to take an average of several consecutive measurements. Suggestively, with the above A / D conversion speed, averaging 256 times per antenna 4 and receiving channel 21 would allow for more than 20 measurements per second on the antenna 4 equipped with 128 receiving elements 7.

[0124] Furthermore, the controller 18 also periodically performs zero setting and calibration measurements of the receiving channel 21, measures the frequency of the signal received from the probe 8, and measures the internal temperature of the I / Q mixer (for any correction of its temperature response).

[0125] All measured data, and in particular the signal data read for each element of antenna 4 and for the three frequency bands, are then transmitted to the computer (processing unit 5) for subsequent processing, presentation of results (in memory 16), and storage. The data is transmitted to the computer (processing unit 5) via the LAN network and the TCP / IP protocol.

[0126] The firmware of the controller 18 of the receiving unit 3 is configured so that the receiving unit 3 can operate completely independently of the controller 18. The firmware of the receiving unit 3 periodically and sequentially performs zero setting and calibration measurements, temperature measurements, and measurements of signals received from all elements 7 of the antenna 4.

[0127] All measured data from each single measurement cycle is then transmitted in a single data package with appropriate coding to minimize the size and load on the LAN network. The coding used and the speed of the LAN network (suggestively 100 Mbps or more) are more than sufficient to transmit all data measured in real time with the maximum number of antenna elements scheduled during the measurement.

[0128] Low-level operations in the receiving unit 3 are performed by hardware devices interfaced with the microprocessor of the receiving unit 3, and therefore it is natural and appropriate that these operations are locally managed by the internal microprocessor.

[0129] Higher-level operations are performed by code running on the embedded operating system (Linux) or by code running on a PC / external console. In the second case, it is easier to make changes to the software, and therefore, after estimating the impact on throughput, this second option, which is not essential but convenient, was chosen.

[0130] In short, the functions implemented on the microprocessor of the receiving unit 3 include one or more of the following: 1. Initialization and configuration of micro peripherals, 2. Initialization and configuration of the chip of the receiving unit 3. 3. Managing procedural parameters that will be read from files, especially, • Requests to write / read registers at a low level. • Average calculation at A / D module speed, • Request to write / read operating parameters, • Execute offset zero setting. • Request for scanning of a predefined set of antennas. • Request for measurement of frequency only. • Management of interrupt service functions such as timers / counters for frequency measurement. • Coding of messages received from probe 8 by modulation of the optical signal in optical fiber 6 (key type, probe 8 status, battery voltage, etc.) • Management and notification of abnormal conditions, 4. The following cyclic transmission (UDP streaming): • Parameters arriving from probe 8 (button status, battery voltage, probe 8 status, etc.) • Reading the frequency, • Receiver chip temperature, • Samples of zero and calibration I, Q for each of the three channels 21 • Read the (I1, Q1, I2, Q2, I3, Q3) n values, which are repeated for n=1...N, up to now, for N=9.

[0131] Processing unit 5 includes the following: a) A unit for managing the reception of packages arriving from receiving unit 3 via Ethernet, which performs the following: • Receiving measurement data via UDP streaming and organizing it into an appropriate structure. • Receive and decode timing values ​​coming from the button on probe 8. b) A unit for processing measurement data, here • Calibration is applied to the raw data. The module and phase for each channel of each antenna 4 are calculated. The actual frequency is calculated starting from the raw value. A data structure is constructed containing the time series of images coming from the three channels 21 (circular buffer of the array 2D cluster). c) Control and display unit, here The state machine continues to track the operational context (live / freeze / slow motion / save measurement / ... / error), The current image (array 2D cluster) (state: live), the last image acquired before stopping (state: frozen), or an image selected by the operator (state: slow motion) is sent to the display section. • The selected image is saved to disk (a context-dependent title is suggested to the operator, selectable via a button from a small, predefined set).

[0132] The measurement phase can be remotely driven by four buttons using an optical fiber transmission channel. This allows the operator to: • Freeze the live image displayed on the screen. • Select the signal pattern that appears best (using a slow-motion effect). • Assign the measurement to one of the physical locations (this will be used for the final statistics). • Save the interrelated data in this way. • Return to measurement mode.

[0133] This software can display the presence of system malfunctions on the screen in the following cases, through indicators provided by graphs, icons, and specific text messages: • The data line is not functioning / does not exist / is occupied by another application. • Frequencies outside the range • Lack of high frequency • Battery charge level.

[0134] The correct operation of the electromedical system 1 is highlighted by graphic messages and icons.

[0135] The main characteristics of the system configuration are therefore one or more of the following: • Testing of the receiving unit 3 via optical fiber 6 and transmission of a reference signal by probe 8. This solution limits the possibility of measurement interference due to reference signal transmission connections (e.g., via coaxial cable). • Directly locking the receiving unit 3 onto the signal transmitted by probe 8. This solution completely eliminates the risk of the receiver locking onto an undesirable signal and maximizes the rejection of interference from other signals that may be present in the RF band. Furthermore, the above configuration allows for simultaneous measurement of the in-phase and perpendicular-phase components (or equivalently, amplitude and phase) of the received signal. • Use of an array antenna 4 equipped with switched receiving elements 7. In this way, it is possible to measure the field generated by the probe 8 interacting with the patient's body at different points on a surface (antenna surface) located at a given distance, and thus obtain more information to improve the reliability of the diagnosis. • Use of separate A / D converters to rapidly convert and transmit data to three receiving channels 21 (and relative filters and diplexers 20) and controller 18. This configuration makes it possible to perform measurements at high speed and on the three frequencies of the system (fundamental, second, and third harmonics), and thus construct an image (amplitude and phase) of the field distribution on the surface of antenna 4 in real time.

[0136] References [1] H. Fricke and S. Morse, The Electric Capacity of Tumors of the Breast, J. Cancer Res. 16 (1926) 340. [2] PRC Gascoyne et al., Dielectrophoretic Separation of Cancer Cells from Blood, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 33 (1997) 670. [3] S. Sahu et al., Live Visualizations of Single Isolated Tubulin Protein Self-Assembly via Tunneling Current: Effect of Electromagnetic Pumping During Spontaneous Growth of Microtubule, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7303. [4] See the two movies on: http: / / www.nature.com / article-as-sets / npg / srep / 2014 / 141203 / srep07303 / etref / srep07303-s3.avi; e http: / / www.nature.com / article-as-sets / npg / srep / 2014 / 141203 / srep07303 / etref / srep07303-s2.avi [5] M.L. Martins, A.B. Dinitzen, E. Mamontov, et al. Water dynamics in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: a neutron scattering descriptive study, Sci Rep 9, 8704 (2019). [6] R.C. Ford, et al. Inelastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering Measurements of Intact Cells and Tissues and Detection of Interfacial Water, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 4682- 4688 (2004). [7] B. Vinata, Lokeshwar, Diego Rubinowicz, Grethchen, L. Schroeder, E. Forgacsi, J. D. Minna, N. L. Block, and M. Nadji, and B. L. Lokeshwar, Stromal and Epithelial Expression of Tumor Markers Hyaluronic Acid and HYAL1 Hyaluronidase in Prostate Cancer, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 276, 11922-11932, 2001. [8] Y. Kuramoto (1984). Chemical Oscillations, Waves, and Turbulence. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. [9] F. Kaiser (1988) Theory of Non-Linear Excitations, in: Frohlich H. (eds) Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. V. Bacot, G. Durey, A. Eddi, M. Fink, E. Fort, Phase-conjugate mirror for water waves driven by the Faraday instability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 2019 Apr 30;116(18):8809-8814. JC Cure, On the Electrical Characteristics of Cancer. Second International Congress of Electrochemical Treatment of Cancer, Jupiter (Florida), October 1995.

[10] CD Cone, Variation of the Transmembrane Potential Level as a Basic Mecha-nism of Mitosis Control, Oncology 24 (1970) 438.

[11] CD Cone, The Role of Surface Electrical Transmembrane Potential in Normal and Malignant Mitogenesis, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 238 (1975) 420.

[12] FW Cope, A Medical Application of the Ling Association-Induction Hypothesis: The High Potassium, Low Sodium Diet of the Gerson Cancer Therapy, Physiol. Chem. Phys. 10 (1978) 465. [Explanation of symbols]

[0137] 1. Electromedical System 2 Electromagnetic source unit 3. Receiving Unit 4 Antennas, multiband and multichannel antennas 5 Processing Units 6. Optical fiber, optical fiber link 7. Dipole element 8 probes 9. Oscillator 10 Lithium Batteries 11 External power supply 12 control buttons 13 Amplifier 14. Filters, radio frequency filters 15 displays 16 memory 17 Battery charger 18 controllers 19. High-speed fiber optic transmitter 19 Switching devices, high-isolation high-frequency switching devices 20 Separator filter 21 Receiving Channels 22 A / D converters 23 Signal

Claims

1. Electromagnetic source unit (2), Receiving unit (3), A multiband and multichannel antenna (4), A processing unit (5) equipped with data processing software, Includes, The electromagnetic source unit (2) is configured to generate and emit electromagnetic pump signals, electromagnetic probe signals, and test and reference signals. The receiving unit (3) is configured to receive signals generated by the electromagnetic source unit (2) and captured by the multiband and multichannel antenna (4) during use, and to measure the amplitude and phase of the electromedical system (1), The electromedical system (1) is configured to analyze the electromagnetic interaction between the phase-conjugated signal obtained by the interaction of the collective and coordinated effects induced by the electromagnetic pump signal and the electromagnetic probe signal, and the test and reference signals. The electromagnetic source unit (2) is configured such that the pump signal frequency changes in separate subbands in the range of 300 MHz to 2800 MHz, and the frequencies of the electromagnetic probe signal and the test and reference signals are equal to half the pump frequency. Electromedical system for non-invasive diagnosis of neoplastic diseases (1).

2. The electromedical system according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic pump signal is configured to cause parametric excitation of biological tissue.

3. The electromedical system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electromagnetic source unit (2) may include a harmonic generator for generating the electromagnetic pump signal and the electromagnetic probe signal.

4. The electromedical system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electromagnetic source unit (2) includes a free oscillator configured to generate RF signals at a fundamental frequency, at a UHF band frequency, and at its harmonics.

5. The electromedical system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a probe (8) in which the electromagnetic source unit (2) is housed, the probe (8) being handheld and configured for use in scanning an area under examination.

6. The electromedical system according to claim 5, wherein the receiving unit (3) includes three receiving channels for simultaneously receiving signals transmitted by the probe (8) at the fundamental frequency and at second and third harmonics.

7. The system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the probe (8) also includes a power supply circuit, a control circuit, and a high-speed optical fiber transmitter (19) that extracts a portion of the signal from the oscillator of the electromagnetic source unit (2) and transmits it in an optical fiber.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the receiving unit (3) is configured to receive signals and correlate them in space and time.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the multiband and multichannel antenna (4) is configured to act as a spatial and spectral filter by its radiating configuration, which is an array of independent, isolated receiving elements (7) that are dispersed in space to map the distribution of received signals.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the antenna (4) is configured to receive in a broadband and enable measurement of an electromagnetic field generated by the probe (8), and includes a dipole element (7) that interacts with a part or organ of the patient being examined at different points on a surface located at a given distance.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the dipole element (7) is a passive broadband element, an element that resonates at one of the received frequencies, or an active element.

12. The electromedical system according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising a highly insulated high-frequency switch device (19) configured to enable the transmission of signals received by each dipole element (7) to the receiving unit (3).

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