clock

Abstract

The present invention relates to a timepiece (100), in particular a wristwatch, comprising a clock generating mechanism (10) and a clock case (11) in which the clock generating mechanism (100) is arranged. The clock generating mechanism (10) comprises a clock generator (1). The clock generator (1) comprises a piezoelectric vibrator (2) and electrodes (8), the piezoelectric vibrator (2) having a length (111), width (112) and height (113) each of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 1.5 mm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a timepiece, particularly a wristwatch, equipped with a timekeeping mechanism. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a timepiece.

Background Art

[0002] Quartz watches in which a crystal oscillator is used as a timekeeping generator are known from the prior art.

[0003] In the case of crystal oscillation, it usually refers to a crystal oscillator in the form of a tuning fork having two fork pieces each. The fork pieces of such a crystal fork oscillator each have a thickness of a fraction of a millimeter. In rare cases, a crystal fork oscillator is not used, and a crystal plate with a thickness of also a fraction of a millimeter or less is used.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In a crystal fork oscillator, a crystal component formed in the shape of a tuning fork is usually embedded in a glass vacuum bell and, in high-quality cases, in a metal vacuum socket. The main reason for placing the surroundings of the crystal oscillator in a vacuum state is that the presence of air or gas around it hinders or slows down the vibration process of the crystal. The higher the air or gas pressure around the crystal oscillator, the higher the attenuation by air and the slower the vibration. Without a vacuum, this can also cause accuracy defects, for example, when going to the mountains with a crystal watch and the frequency of the crystal oscillator or the way the watch runs changes due to the change in air pressure.

[0005] Another important issue for known quartz oscillators is the problem of so-called aging. Quartz oscillators are usually manufactured from synthetic "left-handed" quartz, which is pure silicon oxide. The migration of foreign atoms that erode the quartz leads to changes in oscillation behavior and, consequently, changes in the reference frequency, resulting in a decrease in the timekeeping accuracy of the watch. In particular, the evaporative substances of the adhesive often used to bond the electrodes to the quartz oscillator are a factor that degrades the quartz oscillator over time. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The following describes a clock, particularly a wristwatch, which includes a timekeeping mechanism, and preferably a clock case in which the timekeeping mechanism is housed. The timekeeping mechanism includes a time generator comprising a piezoelectric oscillator and electrodes, the time generator preferably not housed in a vacuum and / or is housed in the open air.

[0007] Preferably, each piezoelectric oscillator has a length, width, and height of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 1.5 mm, more preferably at least 3 mm, and particularly preferably at least 5 mm. Thus, the piezoelectric oscillator has a solid mass that allows it to vibrate stably. In particular, the stability of the oscillator's vibration is ensured without the need for it to be in a vacuum. In this sense, a vacuum socket or vacuum bell for housing the piezoelectric oscillator is unnecessary. Furthermore, the proposed dimensions of the oscillator have the advantage that the oscillator does not degrade at all or very little. Thus, the piezoelectric oscillator meets the technical requirements of a precisely functioning frequency oscillator and therefore functions as a time generator in the timekeeping mechanism of a clock. Moreover, the piezoelectric oscillator can be used as a decorative element of a clock due to its distinctive shape and size, and the elimination of the vacuum socket or vacuum bell. For these reasons, different piezoelectric oscillators can be used as time generators in the timekeeping mechanism. Thus, clocks can be individualized, thereby giving the clock a high-quality feel. Furthermore, piezoelectric oscillators can be selected according to their respective applications in terms of their material properties and piezoelectric or optical properties. In particular, natural or synthetic quartz oscillators, derivatives of quartz (such as natural amethyst or citrine quartz), natural tourmaline crystals, or natural Swiss rock quartz can be used as time generators in the timekeeping mechanisms of watches.

[0008] The length, width, and height of the piezoelectric vibrator extend in the directions of the first, second, and third axes of a three-dimensional coordinate system, where the first, second, and third axes are orthogonal to each other. The coordinate system is preferably located at the vertex of the piezoelectric vibrator.

[0009] Within the scope of this invention, length, width, and height refer to the actually vibrating portion of the piezoelectric vibrator. That is, the length, width, and height of the piezoelectric vibrator correspond to the dimensions of the piezoelectric vibrator related to its vibration. For example, in the case of a tuning fork-shaped piezoelectric vibrator, the fork segments are the actual vibrating parts of the vibrator. This means that the length, width, and height of such a piezoelectric vibrator correspond to the length, width, and height of each fork segment.

[0010] In particular, the length, width, or height of a piezoelectric vibrator as understood within the scope of this invention refers to the dimensions of each individual edge of the vibrator, and not the sum of the dimensions of two edges of the vibrator extending in the same direction if the vibrator is formed such that free space is formed between its edges. In particular, the length, width, or height of a vibrator as referred to within the scope of this invention should be understood as the actual dimensions of each edge of the vibrator, and not the "apparent dimensions" of the entire vibrator if the vibrator is formed such that free space is formed between its two opposing sides. For example, in a piezoelectric vibrator shaped like a tuning fork, if the width of the free space between its two fork pieces is measured and considered, the width of the piezoelectric vibrator is neither the sum of the widths of the two fork pieces nor the apparent width of the vibrator from the apex of one fork piece to the apex of the other fork piece.

[0011] By applying a voltage to the electrodes, the piezoelectric vibrator is made to vibrate. Therefore, the electrodes are appropriately positioned on the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator. One option is that, when attaching the electrodes to the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator, a material bonding method, preferably adhesive bonding, is an appropriate method. Within the scope of the invention, "attached" specifically means that the electrodes are connected to the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator.

[0012] An alternative and suitable option is for the time generator to include an electrode holder, with the electrodes mounted on that electrode holder. The electrode holder and the electrodes mounted on it constitute an electrode structure. In this case, the electrode structure is understood as a separate component from the piezoelectric vibrator. The electrodes are formed on the surface of the electrode holder. In particular, the electrodes may be individual current conductors connected to the surface of the electrode holder. Alternatively, a current-conducting layer may be formed on the surface of the electrode holder.

[0013] The electrode holder should be formed such that, at the maximum vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator, i.e., when the vibrator is physically most deformed, the surface of the electrode holder on which the electrode is formed is either in contact with the piezoelectric vibrator or the vibrator surface to which the voltage is applied, or positioned at a distance from the vibrator or the vibrator surface. In the latter case, the electrode holder must be formed appropriately so that the distance from the electrode is sufficiently small so that the piezoelectric vibration of the vibrator can be started and continued when a voltage is applied to the electrode. In particular, taking into account the volume of the vibrator, the electrode holder is formed to allow deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator in at least one axis perpendicular to the electrical axis, or in a direction parallel to the electrical axis. The electrical axis is defined in particular by the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator on which the piezoelectric vibration of the vibrator is started when a voltage is applied to its surface. The dimensions of the electrode are set particularly appropriately so that the electrode in the direction of the axis that expands due to the piezoelectric vibration completely overlaps with the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator to which the voltage must be applied. The region of the electrode holder, including the surface on which the electrode is positioned, is formed elastically as appropriate. Providing an alternative electrode arrangement that includes electrodes has the advantage that, since the electrodes are not attached to the oscillator, the piezoelectrically initiated vibration of the oscillator is not attenuated by the electrodes.

[0014] The electrode holder can preferably also function as a holder for holding a piezoelectric vibrator. For this reason, it is preferable that the electrode holder has a receiving area or a holding area for receiving or holding a piezoelectric vibrator.

[0015] Taking this into consideration, within the scope of the invention, the phrase "displaced on the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator" concisely means, particularly in relation to electrodes, that it includes both connecting the electrodes to the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator (including cases where the electrodes are integrated with the piezoelectric vibrator) and forming the electrodes separately from the piezoelectric vibrator.

[0016] In the case of a square, the piezoelectric oscillator is set to vibrate as a whole. That is, the entire volume of the piezoelectric oscillator functions as a vibrating body. However, if the direction of vibration is not parallel to the opposite surface, but rather at an angle, then no quartz vibration will occur at that particular location.

[0017] Preferably, the piezoelectric vibrator can be formed as a cube. Within the scope of this invention, the term "cube" should be understood to mean a cubic shape including small deviations. In this regard, a body that is basically cubic in shape but includes rounded or chamfered edges is referred to as a cube within the scope of this invention. In particular, within the scope of this invention, a cubic body with rounded or chamfered edges is referred to as a cube even if the height of the rounded or chamfered area corresponds to a maximum of 20%, preferably a maximum of 10%, of the total height of the body.

[0018] Within the scope of the present invention, the length, width, or height of the piezoelectric vibrator can also be appropriately characterized as thickness, depending on the setting that the vibration direction of the piezoelectric vibrator is set to vibrate in the direction of length, width, or height.

[0019] Preferably, the watch has a see-through area. In this case, the piezoelectric oscillator is formed and positioned within the watch so that it is visible through the see-through area, and thus the piezoelectric oscillator also functions as a gemstone in the watch. Alternatively, the piezoelectric oscillator itself may preferably be formed as a gemstone and positioned within the watch so that it is visible through the see-through area. Thus, the piezoelectric oscillator can function as both the time-generating element of the watch and a decorative stone within the watch.

[0020] Within the scope of this invention, the term “gemstone” is appropriately understood to mean a beveled stone (not a natural crystal), particularly a semi-precious or precious stone. A gemstone appropriately includes a crown and / or pavilion. Within the scope of this invention, the crown is understood particularly to be the region of the gemstone that includes the table facet and / or crown facet. The corresponding pavilion is understood within the scope of this invention, particularly to be the region of the gemstone that includes the pavilion facet and / or tapered region. The crown is preferably separated from the pavilion by a separating edge.

[0021] The see-through area of ​​a watch is preferably located in the area of ​​the watch dial and / or the area of ​​the watch case (e.g., the case back) and / or the watch crystal. It may also be located as a cover glass formed on the watch case in particular. For example, if the case back includes a viewing window, or if the dial is omitted, or if the dial is formed in a partially see-through state, the observer of the watch can see the oscillator through the see-through area of ​​the watch crystal and dial, and also through the viewing window on the back of the watch. The see-through area is formed as an opening in the dial, and the piezoelectric oscillator is positioned at the location of the opening so that the dial does not cover the oscillator. However, the see-through area may also utilize the entire area of ​​the dial, as in watches commonly called so-called skeleton watches, especially when the dial is completely omitted. Alternatively, the see-through area may be formed as a transparent area or rather a viewing window, particularly as a viewing window on the case back. In the case of a watch case that is at least partially transparent, the observer of the watch can directly see the oscillator through the see-through area of ​​the watch case.

[0022] Advantageously, the piezoelectric oscillator has a pavilion having a pavilion surface. In this case, the pavilion angle is selected so that double total internal reflection of light occurs within the pavilion. This ensures that light incident on the oscillator from above exits the oscillator from above. As a result, the brilliance of the oscillator can be increased. It should also be understood that in the configuration of this invention, the piezoelectric oscillator may be formed as a gemstone. Within the scope of the invention, the pavilion angle should be understood as the angle that the pavilion surface has with respect to a plane parallel to the table surface of the oscillator. In this case, the pavilion surface is inclined toward the table surface or with respect to a plane parallel to the table surface of the oscillator. This means that a pavilion surface that is perpendicular to the table surface and parallel to the parallel plane of the oscillator does not contribute to determining the pavilion angle of the oscillator. In other words, a 90-degree angle cannot be understood as the pavilion angle of the oscillator. In particular, the pavilion angle is the angle that the pavilion surface of the oscillator has with respect to the table surface or the parallel plane to which that surface intersects. A plane parallel to the table surface can also be characterized as the table surface plane.

[0023] Furthermore, a piezoelectric oscillator may have multiple surfaces on its bottom surface that form multiple protrusions. The protrusions are arranged such that they form a wavy cross-section. The surfaces of each protrusion are inclined relative to each other at an angle selected so that double total internal reflection of light occurs within each protrusion. As a result, light incident on the oscillator from above and reaching the protrusions is totally reflected within the protrusions and can be emitted again upwards from the oscillator. This means that the piezoelectric oscillator in a watch functions not only as a time-setter but also as a gemstone of the watch. At the same time, the presence of multiple protrusions allows the oscillator to be made smaller in the height direction than an oscillator with a pavilion. This is advantageous when a wristwatch in which a piezoelectric oscillator is located requires miniaturization to differentiate it from other watches. Therefore, oscillators made of materials with a high critical angle, such as tourmaline, can also be used in wristwatches. Tourmaline is particularly advantageous when the oscillator requires a large surface area or a larger table surface for light collection. Otherwise, if the oscillator is made from a material with a high critical angle and has a pavilion, the pavilion and thus the entire oscillator will inevitably need to be quite tall. When using an oscillator made from a material with a high critical angle in a wristwatch, the critical angle should always be considered, because otherwise the oscillator will be too tall and will exceed the space allowed for a wristwatch. However, if the bottom surface of the piezoelectric oscillator is made with the wavy pattern described above, the critical angle can be maintained without increasing the thickness of the oscillator to the required size. Therefore, the same amount of reflected light can be obtained as with an oscillator with a pavilion, while keeping the oscillator "flat".

[0024] Within the scope of the invention, the critical angle is also called the critical angle of internal total internal reflection and represents the minimum angle of incidence (measured from a line perpendicular to the interface) at which a light ray is incident on the interface and at which point the light ray undergoes total internal reflection at the interface.

[0025] Within the scope of the invention, the bottom surface of the piezoelectric oscillator should be understood as the region of the oscillator that faces the watch case and is separated from the watch guard, especially when the oscillator is attached to the watch. On the contrary, the upper surface of the oscillator should be understood as the region of the oscillator that faces the watch guard while being separated from the watch case when the oscillator is attached to the watch. Both the watch guard placed above the watch hands and the back side of the watch, i.e., the window of the back cover, should be understood as watch guards. Formation of a piezoelectric oscillator (time generator) using natural tourmaline as a resonator.

[0026] According to a preferred configuration of the invention, the piezoelectric oscillator of the time generator is a natural tourmaline oscillator having an L axis, three TA axes, and three TS axes. Therefore, the watch of the present invention has the accuracy of a conventional quartz watch having a synthetic crystal oscillator and is still recognized as a high-quality watch. Furthermore, tourmaline has interesting optical and piezoelectric properties that allow for a design with more freedom in the design of the piezoelectric oscillator and thus the watch.

[0027] It should be noted that the L axis, TA axes, and TS axes are basically axes referring to the tourmaline raw crystal (rough stone) from which the tourmaline oscillator is cut out. In other words, the tourmaline raw crystal is described with these axes. However, these axes also exist in the tourmaline oscillator. Therefore, within the scope of the invention, the expression in the form of "L axis / TA axis / TS axis of the tourmaline raw crystal" is regarded as the same as the expression in the form of "L axis / TA axis / TS axis of the tourmaline oscillator". As piezoelectric electrode axes, the TA axis and TS axis of tourmaline are associated with the Y axis and X axis of the crystal crystal.

[0028] Also, regarding the piezoelectric properties of the tourmaline raw crystal, it should be noted that the three TA axes particularly have equivalent properties to each other. Correspondingly, the three TS axes also particularly have equivalent properties to each other regarding the piezoelectric properties of the tourmaline raw crystal. Formation of piezoelectric oscillators (time generators) as natural tourmaline oscillators using tourmaline protocrystals with a trigonal structure.

[0029] Preferably, the tourmaline oscillator can be formed from a tourmaline protocrystal having a trigonal structure (considering the cross-sectional shape of the protocrystal). In other words, the tourmaline oscillator used as a piezoelectric oscillator in this embodiment of the invention is formed from a tourmaline protocrystal that has crystallized into a triangular shape. The expression that the tourmaline protocrystal has a trigonal structure means that the tourmaline protocrystal has a trigonal (triangular) cross-section. In particular, the tourmaline protocrystal has curved, especially convex, triangular sides.

[0030] The L-axis mentioned above corresponds to the crystallographic long axis of tourmaline, which is also called the optical axis. This axis is also called the Z-axis, and sometimes the C-axis. The long axis is the axis that represents the growth direction or crystallization direction of tourmaline. Within the scope of the invention, the axis perpendicular to the crystallographic long axis and passing through the angle spanned by two of the three faces of the tourmaline protocrystal is characterized as the TA axis (TA: triangle - angle). Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, the axis perpendicular to the crystallographic long axis and running substantially parallel to the fundamental direction of one of the three faces of the tourmaline protocrystal is characterized as the TS axis (TS: tourmaline side). The tourmaline protocrystal can be described by a trigonal crystal system. The sides of the trigonal system are assigned to or follow the faces of the tourmaline protocrystal. Thus, the crystallographic long axis is perpendicular to the plane of the trigonal system. Each TA axis is perpendicular to the crystallographic long axis and runs through the angle spanning two of the three sides of the trigonal system. Each TS axis is perpendicular to the crystallographic long axis and runs parallel to one of the three sides of the trigonal system. In other words, each TA axis runs along the angular isosceles line passing through one vertex of the trigonal system, and each TS axis runs parallel to one of the triangular sides of the trigonal system. The L axis, the three TS axes, and the three TA axes are the pressure electrode axes.

[0031] It should be noted that the vibration frequency of a tourmaline oscillator in a given vibration direction is usually calculated according to the formula "F = K x 1000000 / D", where "F" is the vibration frequency in Hz, "K" is a parameter in mm / s, and "D" is the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in each vibration direction in mm.

[0032] A piezoelectric vibrator formed as a natural tourmaline vibrator preferably has a table surface.

[0033] When the tourmaline oscillator blocks the transmission of light in the L-axis direction, it is preferable that the table surface is perpendicular to the TA axis or TS axis.

[0034] The tourmaline oscillator functions as a polarizing filter in the TA and TS axis directions, i.e., at a 90-degree angle to the L axis. Light falling onto the tourmaline oscillator perpendicular to the L axis is polarized as it passes through such an oscillator. In this case, the observer's line of sight relative to the table surface (perpendicular to the table surface) is perpendicular to the L axis.

[0035] Most types of tourmaline (e.g., Brazilian elbaite) almost completely or completely block the transmission of light in the L-axis direction. This means that the transmission of light in the L-axis direction is often reduced to 0% to 5%. Within the scope of this invention, the L-axis of this tourmaline oscillator can be characterized as an "optically closed" or "shielded" axis. Therefore, in this tourmaline oscillator, it is advantageous if the table surface of the piezoelectric oscillator is not perpendicular to the L-axis. This means that, in the above types of tourmaline, it is advantageous if the table surface is formed such that the line of sight of the observer to the table surface (perpendicular to the table surface) is not parallel to the L-axis.

[0036] However, if the tourmaline oscillator allows light to pass through in the L-axis direction, the table surface may preferably be perpendicular to the L-axis, TA-axis, or TS-axis.

[0037] Within the scope of the present invention, an arrangement in which "the elements have a deviation of plus or minus 5 degrees from the normal to each axis, and in special cases up to 10 degrees," can also be characterized as "perpendicular to the axis." Formation of piezoelectric oscillators (time generators) as natural tourmaline oscillators from hexagonal tourmaline protocrystals.

[0038] According to a further preferred configuration of the present invention, the piezoelectric resonator may be a natural tourmaline resonator formed from a tourmaline protocrystal having a hexagonal structure (based on the cross-sectional shape of the protocrystal). The occurrence of a hexagonal structure (based on the cross-sectional shape) is far rarer than that of a trigonal structure. Tourmaline crystals having a hexagonal structure account for less than 10% of all natural tourmaline. In aspects of this invention, a hexagonal structure means that a natural tourmaline resonator crystallized into a hexagonal shape is used as the piezoelectric resonator. The expression that the tourmaline protocrystal has a hexagonal structure means that the tourmaline protocrystal has a hexagonal cross-section.

[0039] Furthermore, in some cases, tourmaline oscillators allow light to pass through along the L-axis. In other words, in this case, the transmission of light along the L-axis is not blocked at all. Such raw crystals are found in certain types of tourmaline (particularly from Africa) and in specific discovery sites and tourmaline mines. Consequently, the hexagonal structure of tourmaline is very often found in tourmaline species in which the flow of light along the L-axis is not blocked. Within the scope of this invention, the L-axis in such tourmaline oscillators can be characterized as an "optically open" axis. This means that, for example, one can see as if looking at colored glass through a tourmaline slice cut perpendicular to the L-axis from a tourmaline raw crystal, and the view is not obstructed, unlike in the case of ordinary tourmaline oscillators (e.g., those from Brazil, which usually have a trigonal structure). For example, optically open and simultaneously hexagonal tourmaline oscillators are found particularly in pink African tourmaline, especially from Nigeria.

[0040] Tourmaline oscillators formed from hexagonal tourmaline crystals and possessing an "optically open" L-axis have been found to exhibit remarkably high piezoelectric vibration properties. In particular, the vibrations of such oscillators are often stronger than those of tourmaline oscillators formed from trigonal tourmaline crystals. Specifically, their piezoelectric vibration properties can be up to 30% higher than those of tourmaline oscillators made from trigonal tourmaline crystals. The hexagonal structure requires less material to be removed during grinding compared to that used with trigonal tourmaline crystals, especially when forming large cubic oscillators. Furthermore, processing tourmaline crystals with an open optical axis and hexagonal shape can be simplified because there is no need to worry about optical hazards associated with a closed or shielded L-axis during the formation process, particularly during the cutting process.

[0041] The L-axis of a natural tourmaline oscillator made from a hexagonal tourmaline protocrystal represents the crystallographic long axis of the tourmaline, similar to the case of a natural tourmaline oscillator made from a trigonal tourmaline protocrystal, and this represents the growth direction or crystallization direction of the tourmaline. The hexagonal tourmaline protocrystal can be described using the hexagonal crystal system. Referring to the hexagonal crystal system, each TA axis passes through two parallel, opposing planes in the hexagonal system, and each TS axis passes through two diagonal vertices in the hexagonal system.

[0042] Preferably, the tourmaline oscillator has a table surface perpendicular to the L-axis, TA-axis, or TS-axis.

[0043] Instead of allowing light transmission in the L-axis direction, it is also possible to block light transmission in the L-axis direction by using a tourmaline oscillator formed from a trigonal tourmaline protocrystal. In this case, the tourmaline oscillator has a table surface perpendicular to the TA axis or TS axis. Formation of a piezoelectric oscillator (time generator) as a natural tourmaline oscillator characterized by an L-axis vibration direction, using tourmaline protocrystals with a trigonal or hexagonal structure as the material.

[0044] Preferably, the electrodes are positioned on the surface of the tourmaline oscillator perpendicular to the L-axis. Here, the direction of the piezoelectric excitation vibration of the tourmaline oscillator is along the L-axis.

[0045] Considering the relationship between the thickness of the tourmaline vibrator in the direction of vibration and the vibration frequency, as described above, placing electrodes on the surface of the tourmaline vibrator perpendicular to the L-axis has the advantage that, when the vibration direction of the tourmaline vibrator is along the L-axis, the value of parameter "K" for the same tourmaline vibrator is little to no dependent on the thickness of the tourmaline vibrator along the L-axis. In other words, this means that the value of parameter "K" is relatively constant when the same tourmaline vibrator is narrowly cut along the L-axis. Therefore, when considering the preparation of a piezoelectric vibrator formed as a tourmaline vibrator, deviations from the processing target of the thickness of the tourmaline vibrator along the L-axis have little to no effect on parameter "K", so the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator can be made relatively accurately proportional to the distance between the two parallel vibration surfaces on which the electrodes are placed, thereby simplifying such adjustments. For a tourmaline vibrator with a vibration direction along the L-axis, parameter "K" is usually between 3.85 and 3.50, although there are individual differences in tourmaline.

[0046] Furthermore, it should be noted that the parameter "K" in the direction along the L-axis is a parameter relatively independent of the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator along the TA-axis and the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator along the TS-axis. In other words, if the tourmaline oscillator has a constant thickness, a constant vibration frequency, and a constant "K" value in the direction of the L-axis, the vibration frequency and the value of the "K" parameter will not change significantly in the direction of the L-axis even if the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator decreases in the direction of the TA-axis or TS-axis. The change in vibration frequency and the value of the parameter "K" due to a decrease in the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in the direction of the TA-axis and / or TS-axis will be approximately 1% to 2% in the direction of the L-axis, depending on the degree of thickness reduction.

[0047] When the time generator includes a piezoelectric oscillator formed as a natural tourmaline oscillator and electrodes positioned on the surface of the tourmaline oscillator perpendicular to the L-axis, the tourmaline oscillator preferably has a pavilion surface that is inclined toward the TS-axis or TA-axis and has two edges parallel to the L-axis. In other words, the inclined pavilion surface that reflects incident light is not inclined toward the L-axis but is inclined toward the TA-axis or TS-axis, and at the same time, the two edges run parallel to the L-axis. If the pavilion surface is inclined toward the TS-axis, the line of sight should be parallel to the TS-axis, and if the pavilion surface is inclined toward the TA-axis, the line of sight should be parallel to the TA-axis. This prevents the light incident on the tourmaline oscillator from being absorbed by the pavilion surface. This always occurs when the L-axis is not optically open.

[0048] Preferably, the pavilion angle is between 40 and 50 degrees, and more preferably a minimum of 42 degrees. A pavilion angle of 42 degrees corresponds to the critical angle of tourmaline. This allows for total internal reflection of light within the tourmaline oscillator.

[0049] The expression that the pavilion surface is inclined toward the TA axis or TS axis is equivalent to saying that the pavilion surface is inclined in the direction of the TA axis or TS axis. In particular, this means that the line passing through the intersection point of the pavilion surface and the plane defined by the TA axis and TS axis intersects on the TA axis or TS axis. Specifically, the pavilion surface has a common edge parallel to the L axis.

[0050] Alternatively, if the time generator includes a piezoelectric oscillator formed as a natural tourmaline oscillator and electrodes positioned on the surface of the tourmaline oscillator perpendicular to the L-axis, the piezoelectric oscillator has multiple surfaces that form multiple protrusions on its bottom surface, which is advantageous. The protrusions are arranged such that they form a wavy cross-section. Each surface of the protrusion has a certain angle with respect to a plane parallel to the table surface of the oscillator, and this angle is between 40 and 50 degrees. Furthermore, it is preferable that the angle be at least 42 degrees. At an angle of 42 degrees, double total internal reflection of light occurs within each protrusion.

[0051] More preferably, each protrusion extends in a direction along the L-axis of the tourmaline oscillator. In other words, in this case, the protrusions are arranged parallel to the L-axis of the tourmaline.

[0052] Furthermore, it is preferable that the table surface of the tourmaline oscillator is perpendicular to the TA axis. In this case, the protrusions are positioned perpendicular to the TS axis.

[0053] Alternatively, the table surface of the tourmaline oscillator can be positioned perpendicular to the TS axis. In this case, the protrusions are positioned perpendicular to the TA axis.

[0054] In particular, if the tourmaline oscillator is made from a trigonal crystal of tourmaline and is of a type that blocks light in a direction parallel to the L-axis, the aforementioned configuration of the tourmaline oscillator has the advantage that the tourmaline oscillator can also be used as a gemstone in a watch. If the table surface is perpendicular to the L-axis, the table surface becomes opaque, and the protrusions located on its underside appear dark. If the surface is inclined toward the L-axis, the dark area of ​​the L-axis is reflected back to the oscillator. Formation of a piezoelectric oscillator (time generator) as a natural tourmaline oscillator characterized by a TA axis vibration direction, using tourmaline protocrystals with a trigonal or hexagonal structure as the material.

[0055] Preferably, the electrodes are placed on the surface of the tourmaline oscillator, and these surfaces are positioned perpendicular to the TA axis and parallel to the L axis. In this case, the direction of the piezoelectric excitation vibration of the tourmaline oscillator is along the TA axis. Here, it is even more preferable that the electrodes are parallel to the TS axis. In the case of a tourmaline oscillator made from a trigonal crystal, the electrodes are formed parallel to the trigonal bisector and parallel to the L axis.

[0056] The direction along the TA axis is characterized by its high practicality and ease of processing. In the case of the TA axis direction, there are always two clear criteria that allow for immediate recognition of how to cut the tourmaline to obtain the correct planes in a trigonal crystal. First, a plane can be easily placed at the center of a rounded triangular face. On the other hand, there is an edge opposite this triangular face, which represents each point of the trigonal system on the trigonal plane. Therefore, a plane can be quickly and accurately placed on the tourmaline crystal without lengthy investigation, which is very important for frequency stabilization.

[0057] Furthermore, the tourmaline oscillator exhibits stronger piezoelectric vibration characteristics along the TA axis than along the L axis.

[0058] It should be noted that the parameter "K" in the TA axis direction of the aforementioned formula used to calculate the oscillator depends on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in the TA axis direction. In particular, and surprisingly, if the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in the TA axis direction decreases, the value of parameter "K" does not increase, or only increases very slightly.

[0059] To numerically represent the behavior of this tourmaline oscillator, the following table provides example values ​​for the parameter "K" in the TA axis direction of a typical Brazilian tourmaline oscillator, and the corresponding values ​​for the vibration frequency that depend on the thickness in the TA axis direction of the tourmaline oscillator. As can be seen from the table, when the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator decreases in the TA axis direction, the value of the parameter "K" of this tourmaline oscillator decreases. However, in this case, the decrease in the value of the parameter "K" due to the decrease in the thickness in the TA axis direction of the tourmaline oscillator is slight. This can also be applied to other tourmaline oscillators from trigonal or hexagonal tourmaline crystals with vibration directions along the TA axis.

[0060] [Table 1]

[0061] Furthermore, it should be noted that the value of the parameter "K" in the TA axis direction is smaller than that in the L axis direction. Formation of a piezoelectric oscillator (time generator) as a natural tourmaline oscillator characterized by a TS axis vibration direction, using tourmaline protocrystals with a trigonal or hexagonal structure as the material.

[0062] Preferably, the electrodes can be placed on the surface of the tourmaline oscillator, and these surfaces should be positioned perpendicular to the TS axis and parallel to the L axis. In this case, the direction of the piezoelectric excitation vibration of the tourmaline oscillator is along the TS axis. Furthermore, the electrodes should be positioned parallel to the TA axis.

[0063] The vibration direction along the TS axis is advantageous because the piezoelectric vibrator in the TS axis direction exhibits the maximum piezoelectric vibration characteristics while minimizing the amount of material waste. Furthermore, the value of the parameter "K" in the TS axis direction is the smallest compared to that in the L axis direction or the TA axis direction.

[0064] The high piezoelectric vibration characteristics of the oscillator in the TS axis direction mean that the oscillator vibrates more strongly in this axis direction. This has fundamental importance in the long term. This is because when the oscillator vibrates more easily and strongly, less current is required to vibrate it. The oscillation circuit set up to vibrate the oscillator requires less load for this purpose. Saving power means reducing power consumption, which from an energy conservation perspective means operating the clock without batteries or, if the clock is battery-powered, significantly extending battery life.

[0065] From the perspective of cutting waste, when the vibration direction of a tourmaline oscillator obtained from a raw tourmaline crystal aligns with the TS axis, the ratio of the weight of the raw material to the weight after grinding is approximately 2:1. On the other hand, for other vibration directions of the tourmaline oscillator, the ratio of the weight of the raw material to the weight after grinding is at least 5:1, or may be even more unfavorable. Therefore, having the vibration direction of the tourmaline oscillator align with the TS axis offers a significant economic advantage.

[0066] The lowest value of the parameter "K" is of utmost importance because this value can drop to as low as 2.0 at high frequencies, such as 888888 Hz. Therefore, when the thickness is approximately 2 mm or less, a ground tourmaline oscillator will have vibration frequencies of 888888 Hz or 1 MHz. Thus, so-called "tourmaline needles" can be used. A "tourmaline needle" is a very thin tourmaline rod with a thickness of less than 3.5 mm, usually less than 3.0 mm. Such tourmaline rods are available on the market at a cost of only 5% per gram compared to the price of ordinary tourmaline crystals. When the very favorable price of the raw material for "tourmaline needles" is calculated in combination with the low weight loss due to grinding, a tourmaline oscillator made from a "tourmaline needle" will cost less than 1% of a tourmaline oscillator ground from ordinary tourmaline crystals, for example, if cut along the L-axis.

[0067] In the formula mentioned above for determining the vibration frequency, which depends on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in the TS axis direction, it should be noted that the parameter "K" depends solely on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in the TS axis direction.

[0068] To numerically represent the behavior of this tourmaline oscillator, the following table shows example values ​​for the TS axis direction parameter "K" of a typical Brazilian tourmaline oscillator and the corresponding vibration frequencies that depend on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in the TS axis direction.

[0069] [Table 2]

[0070] The TS axis parameter "K" is lower than the TA axis parameter "K" and decreases rapidly as the tourmaline plate becomes thinner.

[0071] In a tourmaline oscillator with vibration direction along the TS axis, the tourmaline oscillator preferably has a pavilion surface inclined toward the TA axis. Preferably, the pavilion angle is between 40 and 50 degrees, and more preferably at a minimum of 42 degrees.

[0072] When adding a pavilion face to the bottom surface of a tourmaline oscillator, the shape of the trigonal tourmaline crystal is optimally utilized when forming a tourmaline oscillator from a tourmaline crystal with a trigonal structure. The dependence of the parameter "K" in the TA axis direction and TS axis direction depends on the thickness in the other two axes.

[0073] Another surprising phenomenon is that the values ​​of the parameter "K" in the TA axis direction and the parameter "K" in the TS axis direction depend not only on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in each direction, but also on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in each of the other two axes. In other words, the value of the parameter "K" in the TA axis direction depends not only on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in the TA axis direction as described above, but also on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillators in the L axis direction and the TS axis direction. Similarly, the value of the parameter "K" in the TS axis direction depends not only on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillator in the TS axis direction as described above, but also on the thickness of the tourmaline oscillators in the L axis direction and the TA axis direction.

[0074] The following is an mathematical example to explain the behavior of this tourmaline oscillator.

[0075] Let's assume the oscillator has a thickness of 3.05 mm in the TS axis direction, the parameter "K" in the TS axis direction is 2.55, and in that case the vibration frequency in the TS axis direction is 835 kHz. Let's assume the thickness of the oscillator in the L axis direction is, for example, 5 mm. If we keep the thickness in the L axis direction from 5 mm to 4 mm while keeping the thickness of the oscillators in the TA axis direction the same, the vibration frequency of the oscillator in the TS axis direction changes from approximately 835 kHz to 855 kHz (or similarly, it changes to a different value depending on the individual tourmaline). This means that even when the thickness in the TS axis direction is the same 3.05 mm, the tourmaline oscillator will have a higher vibration frequency of 855 kHz, and the parameter "K" value will be 2.61.

[0076] By reducing the thickness in the L-axis direction, the vibration frequency and the value of the parameter "K" in the TA-axis and TS-axis directions can be changed by up to 10%.

[0077] It is highly beneficial to note the dependence of the parameter "K" on the TA and TS axes, and the fact that the vibration frequencies in each direction depend on the thickness of the other two axes. This is because it allows us to form a tourmaline oscillator with a predetermined vibration frequency along one of these axes from a tourmaline protocrystal, by changing the thickness of the tourmaline protocrystal along the other two axes.

[0078] This is particularly advantageous when providing a tourmaline oscillator with a vibration direction along the TA axis.

[0079] To accurately cut the TS plane with such an oscillator, it is best to first cut the plane in the TA direction. After that, the TS plane can be positioned perpendicular to the TA plane. However, when fine-tuning the vibration frequency of a tourmaline oscillator, especially when placing electrodes on the tourmaline oscillator, it is extremely convenient if the final remaining cut can be performed, even temporarily, while the electrodes are already in place, and if the vibration frequency can be measured during the cutting process.

[0080] However, the TA surface cannot be cut while the electrode is already positioned on the TA surface. In such cases, the electrode will have to be cut again.

[0081] To solve this problem, the TA surface can be pre-cut to an accuracy of, for example, 4% or 5%, and the electrodes can then be placed, or more specifically, mounted, on the TA surface. In this way, frequency adjustment can be performed by cutting the remaining surface, especially the TS surface.

[0082] For example, if the target vibration frequency in the TA axis direction is 888888 Hz, the tourmaline crystal is first cut so that the vibration frequency in the TA axis direction is approximately 880000 Hz. Then, electrodes are placed specifically on the TA surface, and the oscillator is measured during further cutting. Next, the TS surface, which is perpendicular to the TA surface and parallel to the L axis, is cut. While the TS surface is being cut, the piezoelectric excitation vibration in the TA direction is constantly measured. Then, when the vibration frequency reaches 888888 Hz, the cutting operation is stopped. The electrode mounting method described above becomes increasingly important when attaching electrodes to the oscillator, because the attachment of electrodes itself changes the frequency again. Incidentally, the frequency usually decreases when electrodes are attached. In order to obtain a perfectly accurate frequency when cutting tourmaline, in any case, electrodes must be placed, and specifically attached, before the final polishing and grinding.

[0083] Otherwise, the crystals will have to be removed. In particular, the crystals must have the putty removed from the cutting holder at each intermediate check to confirm that the desired vibration frequency is achieved. This is because, in order to cut the raw tourmaline crystals, the raw tourmaline crystals are usually bonded to the grinding pins with putty. Therefore, the crystals must be removed, cleaned, measured with an oscilloscope, reapplied with putty, and fixed to the grinding pliers. Furthermore, the old surface must be readjusted on the grinding disc before continuing the cutting process. This results in a time loss of about one hour at each intermediate check. At least 20 intermediate checks are required to grind the raw tourmaline crystals to produce an accurate vibration frequency down to 1 Hz. This is because the frequency cannot be calculated through the geometric shape of the tourmaline. Each raw tourmaline crystal has a certain variation in its K value. Therefore, the thickness of the grinding plate cannot be used as a reference for the vibration frequency. Formation of piezoelectric oscillators as natural tourmaline oscillators with vibration directions at an angle of 40 to 50 degrees with respect to the L-axis, from tourmaline protocrystals with a trigonal or hexagonal structure.

[0084] All vibrators, regardless of their material, suffer from the problem that their vibration frequency changes immediately when their temperature changes. This is an unavoidable phenomenon because the speed of sound changes with the temperature of the resonant medium. The speed of sound is usually faster in a cold tourmaline vibrator than in a warm one. Therefore, as the temperature rises, the frequency of the tourmaline vibrator decreases.

[0085] Therefore, the accuracy of a clock derived from a piezoelectric oscillator depends on how large the fluctuation in the oscillation frequency is due to temperature changes.

[0086] It is possible to compensate for changes in vibration frequency due to temperature using a compensation mechanism. However, depending on the material of the piezoelectric vibrator, the compensation process can be complex and may involve a large amount of current consumption.

[0087] To stabilize the vibration frequency of a tourmaline oscillator regardless of temperature changes without requiring a correction mechanism, a configuration has been proposed in which electrodes are positioned on specific surfaces of the tourmaline oscillator. Each of these specific surfaces has one edge that forms an angle of 40 to 50 degrees, preferably 45 degrees, with respect to the L axis, and the other edge that forms the other edge parallel to its TA axis or TS axis. In other words, the electrodes are positioned such that one edge of the surface provided for this purpose has an angle of 40 to 50 degrees, preferably 45 degrees, with respect to the L axis, and the other edge runs parallel to the TS axis or TA axis.

[0088] In other words, the direction of the piezoelectric excitation vibration of the tourmaline oscillator deviates from the three related axes of the tourmaline oscillator, namely the L axis, TA axis, and TS axis, and utilizes the polarity that exists between the L axis and the TA axis, and between the L axis and the TS axis.

[0089] Preferably, the tourmaline oscillator may have a table surface. Preferably, the table surface has one edge that is at an angle of 40 to 50 degrees, preferably 45 degrees, with respect to the L axis, and the other edge that is parallel to the TA axis or TS axis.

[0090] Preferably, the tourmaline resonator may have a pavilion surface inclined toward the normal to the table surface of the piezoelectric resonator. In particular, the pavilion angle is between 40 and 50 degrees, preferably at least 42 degrees. Alternatively, the piezoelectric resonator may have multiple surfaces on its bottom surface inclined toward the normal to the table surface of the piezoelectric resonator, forming multiple protrusions. Here, the protrusions are arranged such that they form a wavy cross-section. Each protrusion surface has an angle with respect to a plane parallel to the table surface of the tourmaline resonator. The angle is between 40 and 50 degrees, preferably at least 42 degrees.

[0091] Within the scope of this invention, surprisingly, we found that this direction differs from any of the three polarity axes of the tourmaline oscillator, has piezoelectric vibration characteristics of 40% to 50% of the TS axis, and is typically more than twice that of the L axis.

[0092] In particular, the accuracy of watches with tourmaline oscillators having such vibration directions is generally three times higher, and in certain cases, up to 10 times higher than watches with tourmaline oscillators having vibration directions along the L, TA, and TS axes. The dependence of the parameter "K" on the dimensions of the L-axis, TA-axis, and TS-axis of the tourmaline oscillator, particularly in directions with angles of 40 to 50 degrees, especially 45 degrees, relative to the L-axis.

[0093] The table below shows example values ​​for the parameter "K" of a tourmaline oscillator in a direction at a 45-degree angle to the L-axis, and its corresponding vibration frequency, in relation to the dimensions of the tourmaline oscillator in the L-axis direction, TA axis, and TS axis.

[0094] [Table 3]

[0095] As can be seen from the table, the parameter "K" of the tourmaline oscillator in the direction at a 45-degree angle to the L-axis changes most significantly by reducing the dimensions of the tourmaline oscillator in the direction of the TS-axis. A reduction from 3.5 mm to 2.8 mm increases the vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator in the direction at a 45-degree angle to the L-axis by 10%.

[0096] On the other hand, when the dimensions are reduced in the direction of the TA axis, the vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator in the direction at a 45-degree angle with respect to the L axis hardly changes. When the tourmaline oscillator in the direction of the TA axis is shortened from 3.3 mm to 2.9 mm, the vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator in the direction at a 45-degree angle with respect to the L axis increases by only a slight 0.5%.

[0097] When the tourmaline oscillator in the L-axis direction is shortened from 6.4 mm to 5.85 mm, the vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator in the direction at a 45-degree angle to the L-axis increases by 2%. Formation of piezoelectric oscillators as natural tourmaline oscillators from tourmaline protocrystals with structures other than trigonal or hexagonal structures

[0098] According to a further preferred configuration of the present invention, the piezoelectric oscillator may be a natural tourmaline oscillator formed from a tourmaline protocrystal having a structure between a trigonal and a hexagonal structure. This means that the tourmaline protocrystal has a cross-section between a triangle and a hexagon or other shapes. Piezoelectric oscillator (time generator) formed as rubellite

[0099] A more preferred configuration of the present invention uses rubellite (rubellite crystal) as tourmaline. Rubellite belongs to a special type of tourmaline. In particular, rubellite is a type of "elbaite," a mineral in the tourmaline group.

[0100] The first advantage of rubellite is its beautiful, bright, and intense red color, sometimes appearing ruby-colored. Therefore, rubellite is suitable for use in time-setters, which also serve as gemstones in watches. The second advantage is that rubellite does not have a "closed" optical axis. This means that there is no need to pay attention to potential optical properties when cutting rubellite. This simplifies the processing of rubellite crystals to provide rubellite oscillators. Configuration of a piezoelectric vibrator (time generator) related to vibration frequency

[0101] Regardless of the direction of vibration or the material on which the piezoelectric vibrator is formed, it is preferable that the piezoelectric vibrator has vibration frequencies consisting of only the numerical value 8 or only the numerical values ​​8 and 0 in the direction of vibration of the piezoelectrically excited vibration. In other words, this means that it is preferable for the vibration frequencies in the Hz or kHz region to consist of only the numerical value 8. That is, it is preferable for the vibration frequencies to be 8888Hz, 88888Hz, 888888Hz, 8888888Hz, 8kHz, 88KHz, 888KHz, or 8888KHz.

[0102] This allows the vibration frequency to be easily reduced to 8Hz, which is an ideal frequency for avoiding skipping, or at least visible skipping, of the second hand on a mechanical watch display.

[0103] Furthermore, such vibration frequencies can be used as standard frequencies for watches with piezoelectric oscillators formed as tourmaline oscillators. Therefore, they can be provided as standard electronic components for all applications. Otherwise, each different application of the tourmaline oscillator in a watch would require a different vibration frequency, necessitating the complete redesign of the watch's electronic components for that new application, or at least the use of a programmable chip. This programmable chip would be programmed with the specific vibration frequencies required for each application of the tourmaline oscillator. As can be understood from the above explanation, the vibration frequencies proposed here—that is, vibration frequencies with values ​​consisting only of the number 8 or only the numbers 8 and 0—are ideal vibration frequencies for multiple applications of the tourmaline oscillator. For example, such vibration frequencies can be used for tourmaline oscillators that function not only as time-generating devices but also as gemstones in watches (especially wristwatches), or for watches with high-frequency oscillators where particularly accurate operation is desired.

[0104] To ensure vibration frequencies with only the value 8 in the Hz or kHz range, the raw crystal is cut in an appropriate manner to achieve the desired vibration frequency. The optimal choice for this purpose is a tourmaline raw crystal cut to a vibration frequency of 888888 Hz or 888 kHz. The reasons are as follows:

[0105] First, a frequency divider can be used to halve the vibration frequency, starting at 888888Hz, and this process can be repeated three times. In the second step, the frequency obtained from these three halves (intermediate frequency) of 111111Hz is counted down using a pulse counter to obtain a frequency of 1Hz. In this way, the combination of frequency division and countdown saves power consumption to obtain a frequency of 1Hz because frequency division reduces the counting activity of the pulse counter to 1 / 8. If the vibration frequency is 888KHz, or 888000Hz, the frequency can be raised to 13875Hz by halving it six times consecutively, and then the pulse counter can be used to count down to a frequency of 1Hz or between 1Hz and 10Hz.

[0106] Generally, the procedure of first halving the vibration frequency to an intermediate frequency, especially using a first step of halving it multiple times, and then counting down from that intermediate frequency to the desired frequency, is particularly advantageous in terms of current consumption for piezoelectric oscillators with high vibration frequencies (e.g., 8.88 MHz or 10 MHz) compared to simply counting down the vibration frequency.

[0107] Within the scope of the present invention, the desired frequency can also be characterized as a useful frequency.

[0108] If you want to avoid, or at least avoid visible, skipping of the second hand on a watch's mechanical display, you can do so by using a pulse counter to reduce the oscillation frequency from 888888Hz to 8Hz. 8Hz is an ideal useful signal frequency for a second hand that moves in a way that is not visible to the eye. Furthermore, by dividing it into three and a half segments, the 8Hz frequency can be reduced to 1Hz. Depending on the type of gear train, this can make the transmission of the watch's gear train easier.

[0109] When the vibration frequency is 888888Hz or 888KHz, the tourmaline oscillator cut to the TS axis becomes a plate approximately 2mm thick. The thickness varies depending on the type of tourmaline and the size of the plate. In this respect, this thickness is easy to process. This thickness is ideal, especially for tourmaline oscillators that are not used optically. Here too, tourmaline is sufficiently robust and can avoid long-term deterioration.

[0110] When the vibration frequencies are 888888Hz and 888KHz, cutting along the L-axis results in tourmaline oscillator dimensions that are ideal for a wristwatch. The thickness along the L-axis is approximately 4.3mm, which is an ideal size for a visible tourmaline oscillator.

[0111] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the piezoelectric vibrator is a tourmaline vibrator, with a vibration frequency of 888888 Hz or 888 kHz, a length, width, and height of 8.88 mm, and a weight of 8.88 carats. That is, when a raw crystal of tourmaline is cut to a vibration frequency of 888888 Hz or 888 Hz, the tourmaline vibrator has only one numerical value at all points, namely the numerical value 8, or the numerical value 8 and the numerical value 0. That is, this tourmaline vibrator is 8.88 mm long, 8.88 mm wide, 8.88 mm high, weighs 8.88 carats, and has a vibration frequency of 888888 Hz or 888 kHz. This combination cannot be achieved with other vibration frequencies. For example, it would be impossible to find a tourmaline vibrator that is 6.66 mm long, 6.66 mm wide, 6.66 mm high, and simultaneously weighs 6.66 carats. Furthermore, it's unlikely that a tourmaline oscillator exists with a length, width, and height of 9.99 mm and a weight of 9.99 carats. Therefore, if you want to cut a very special stone (for example, for an expensive desk clock), only a tourmaline oscillator with a vibration frequency of 888888 Hz or 888 kHz could have a size and weight that is exactly 8.

[0112] Preferably, the piezoelectric vibrator has an oscillation frequency in the direction of the piezoelectrically excited vibration, and this oscillation frequency can be adjusted to a desired frequency, particularly 1 Hz or 8 Hz, by halving it multiple times. In other words, the oscillation frequency is preferably a multiple of 2. For this purpose, it is advantageous for a clock to have a frequency divider set to bring the oscillation frequency of the time generator to a desired frequency, particularly 1 Hz or 8 Hz. This means that it can be easily adjusted to the desired frequency. If the desired frequency is 1 Hz, the second hand of the clock's mechanical display can move in seconds. If the desired frequency is 8 Hz, the clock's second hand does not skip every second, but rather glides smoothly across the dial as described above. This improves the subjective visual impression of the clock because the skipping of the second hand is eliminated, or at least not visible to the observer of the clock.

[0113] For example, if the oscillation frequency of a piezoelectric vibrator is 32768 Hz and the desired frequency is 1 Hz, the oscillation frequency needs to be halved 15 times using a frequency divider. If the desired frequency is 8 Hz, the oscillation frequency needs to be halved 12 times using a frequency divider.

[0114] Preferably, the clock further includes an oscillator circuit configured to vibrate a piezoelectric oscillator. In this case, the excitation frequency is preferably lower than the natural frequency of the piezoelectric oscillator. This prevents the vibration from dropping if the natural frequency shifts slightly (for example, due to temperature changes). The oscillator circuit is preferably part of the timekeeping mechanism.

[0115] According to a preferred configuration of the invention, the oscillation circuit is preferably composed of a trimmer capacitor (particularly a type including a capacitive diode), and the oscillation frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator is adjusted by adjusting the capacitance of the trimmer capacitor (particularly the capacitance of the capacitive diode) with an electrical signal.

[0116] In this case, it is preferable that the control unit is configured to adjust the electrical signal according to the temperature of the time generator and / or the temperature of a clock near the time generator. For this purpose, it is preferable to store the temperature-dependent value (reference value of the electrical signal corresponding to the temperature) and / or the function value of the electrical signal according to the temperature in a register and / or memory unit.

[0117] In particular, it should be noted that the configuration of this temperature compensation oscillation circuit excludes those having a length, width, and height of at least 1 mm each, and can also be used with a piezoelectric vibrator of at least 1.5 mm in size.

[0118] The current required to drive the oscillator circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator can preferably be supplied from a rechargeable battery that can be charged by an energy harvesting device. The energy harvesting device preferably includes one or more solar cells.

[0119] If the watch is formed as a wristwatch, the energy harvesting device may preferably include at least one thermocouple (preferably a Peltier element) and / or at least one solar cell. The energy harvesting device may preferably be located inside the watch case. For example, the dial can be formed as a solar panel, or a solar cell can be placed beneath a translucent dial. A thermocouple can be incorporated, for example, into the back cover of the watch case, where it generates electricity from the temperature difference between the skin and the surroundings of the watch (and thus the rest of the watch). Solar cells and thermocouples can also be incorporated into the watch strap. For example, it is possible to use a textile that functions as a thermocouple. Such a textile watch band can also be powered, for example, by a rechargeable battery. Mechanical watch mechanism

[0120] In a preferred configuration of the clock, the clock includes a gear train. In this case, the timekeeping mechanism further includes a mechatronic mechanism (electromechanical device). The mechatronic mechanism operates using a useful signal based on the vibration frequency of a piezoelectric oscillator and engages directly or indirectly with the gear train in a clock-synchronous manner. In particular, the mechatronic mechanism engages with the gear train repressively, directly or indirectly, to alternately stop and release the gear train. Thus, this clock does not keep time by the speed of the gear train due to the oscillating wheels, but rather its timing is controlled via a frequency control device (mechatronic mechanism). Here, the driving energy of the gear train is supplied by a mechanical drive mechanism. In other words, inaccurate mechanical wheels are replaced by the timekeeping mechanism described above.

[0121] Therefore, the advantages of both hand-wound or automatic mechanical watches and quartz watches are combined in a single watch by controlling the automatic or hand-wound mechanical operation with the electronic frequency of the time generator. In this case, the time generator can be based on a piezoelectric oscillator. Furthermore, the frequency determination unit can also consider oscillator systems employing other mechanisms, such as optical fibers or oscillators based on arbitrary references, rather than simple oscillators. Since the proposed watch does not have a wheel, all mechanical influences that affect the timekeeping and thus the watch's accuracy are eliminated. The reference frequency used to keep time corresponds to the oscillation frequency of the time generator and is not affected by the wearer's movements. This makes it possible to create a mechanical watch that is far more accurate than conventional mechanical watches with wheels in terms of driving the gear train.

[0122] Since the mechatronic mechanism operates using useful signals, and these signals can be generated based on the vibration frequency of a time generator, the mechatronic mechanism should be understood as frequency-controllable, or rather, frequency-controlled.

[0123] According to one option, the mechatronic mechanism engages with the gear train indirectly. Within the scope of the present invention, "indirectly" means, in particular, that at least one further component is located between the mechatronic mechanism and the gear train. That is, since the clock is configured to operate the mechatronic mechanism using the above-mentioned useful signals, the mechatronic mechanism engages with the gear train indirectly and restrainingly.

[0124] Preferably, this clock is equipped with an escapement for its purpose. The escapement engages with the gear train. In this case, the mechatronic mechanism drives the escapement. This means that in the configuration of this clock, the mechatronic mechanism is operated using a useful signal, and as a result, the mechatronic mechanism engages with the gear train via the escapement. In other words, in this case, the escapement corresponds to at least one further component described above and is located between the mechatronic mechanism and the gear train.

[0125] Preferably, the escapement includes a runaway wheel and a restraining piece. The restraining piece is used to restrain the runaway wheel. Here, the mechatronic mechanism is arranged to drive the restraining piece, and the runaway wheel is engaged with the gear train.

[0126] In particular, the escapement is formed as an anchor escapement, and the restraining piece is formed as an anchor. Here, the escape wheel can also be characterized as an anchor wheel.

[0127] According to another preferred configuration of the present invention, the mechatronic mechanism can engage with the gear train directly or immediately. "Directly" or "immediately" means, in particular within the scope of the present invention, that no other components are located between the mechatronic mechanism and the gear train. This means that the mechatronic mechanism engages with the gear train directly and in a clock-synchronous manner, since the clock is configured such that the mechatronic mechanism operates using the aforementioned useful signals.

[0128] Regardless of whether the mechatronic mechanism directly or indirectly engages with the gear train, the mechatronic mechanism can be formed as an actuator according to preferred embodiments of the present invention. Within the scope of the present invention, a drive device or component that converts electrical signals into mechanical motion is characterized as an actuator.

[0129] Particularly preferably, the actuator may have a magnetic armature and a magnetic coil. Here, the magnetic coil is configured to move the magnetic armature using a useful signal.

[0130] Alternatively, the mechatronic mechanism can preferably be formed as a stepping motor. This configuration of the mechatronic mechanism is particularly advantageous when the mechatronic mechanism engages directly with the gear train in a clock-synchronous manner.

[0131] To generate the aforementioned useful signals, the time generation mechanism may preferably include an electronic useful signal generator, which includes a (sole) pulse counter (integrator). The integrator is preferably programmed to a predetermined oscillation frequency of the time generator. The integrator is preferably designed to count the clock signal of the time generator or a signal based on the clock signal of the time generator. The useful signal generator is configured to generate a useful signal when the count value of the counted clock signal of the time generator or a signal based on the clock signal of the time generator equals a predetermined count value.

[0132] Preferably, the clock includes a control unit configured to modify a predetermined count value in accordance with the temperature of the time generator and / or the temperature of the clock around the time generator. For this purpose, it is preferable that a temperature-dependent predetermined count value (a predetermined count value assigned to a temperature) and / or a function of the predetermined count value corresponding to the temperature is stored in a register / memory unit.

[0133] To provide a piezoelectric vibrator, the raw crystal is first appropriately cut, and its vibration frequency is measured. Next, the integrator is precisely programmed to this vibration frequency; that is, the predetermined count value of the integrator is set based on the measured vibration frequency. However, it is also possible to cut the raw crystal to a predetermined vibration frequency. In this case, the integrator is also programmed based on the predetermined vibration frequency.

[0134] Furthermore, to generate the above-mentioned useful signals, the electronic useful signal generator may preferably include (only) a frequency divider. The frequency divider is set to divide or halve a predetermined vibration frequency of the time generator. In particular, the predetermined vibration frequency corresponds to a multiple of 2, especially a power of 2, for example, 524288 Hz or 1048576 Hz. In this case, the predetermined vibration frequency can preferably be divided to 1 Hz or another frequency, for example, 8 Hz, using the frequency divider. The divided vibration frequency corresponds to a useful signal for operating the mechatronic mechanism. For example, with a useful signal of 8 Hz, the second hand will skip 8 times per second, but it should be noted that this will not be perceived as "skipping" by the person looking at the clock.

[0135] The term "only," as used in conjunction with the terms pulse counter or frequency divider, particularly within the scope of the present invention, means that only one of two types of electronic components, namely a pulse counter or a frequency divider, is provided in the useful signal generating device to generate a useful signal based on a predetermined oscillation frequency of a time generator.

[0136] However, a combination of a frequency divider and a pulse counter is also possible for generating a useful signal. In other words, an electronic useful signal generator can include both a frequency divider and a pulse counter to generate a useful signal. In this case, the frequency divider is preferably placed before the pulse counter from the viewpoint of signal transmission. A preferred method is to achieve an intermediate frequency by dividing a predetermined oscillation frequency of a time generator by half in the first step, especially by repeated halving, using a frequency divider. In the second step, the intermediate frequency can be made into a desired frequency or a useful frequency. The procedure of reaching an intermediate frequency by dividing a predetermined oscillation frequency by half in the first step, especially by repeated halving, and then counting down the intermediate frequency to a desired frequency in the second step is particularly effective for clocks that include a time generator with a high oscillation frequency, for example, 8.88 MHz or 10 MHz. This allows for current savings compared to simply counting down the oscillation frequency.

[0137] Furthermore, the time generation mechanism may preferably include an output section. In the case of an electronic useful signal generator including only a pulse counter, it is desirable that the output section be configured to output a useful signal when the count value of the counted clock signal equals a predetermined count value. In the case of an electronic useful signal generator including only a frequency divider, it is desirable that the output section be configured to output a useful signal based on the output signal of the frequency divider. In the case of an electronic useful signal generator including both a pulse counter and a frequency divider, it is advantageous that the output section be configured to output a useful signal when the count value of the counted clock signal of the time generator equals a predetermined count value. Here, the predetermined count value is preferably set based on an intermediate frequency achieved by the frequency divider.

[0138] The watch is preferably an automatic winding wristwatch. An automatic winding wristwatch is a mechanical wristwatch in which a mainspring stores energy and converts that energy into the rotational motion of the watch hands. In particular, the mainspring is automatically wound in small steps by a rotor using a gear drive as the wearer's arm moves. This type of watch is also called an automatic winding watch or a self-winding watch. On the other hand, the watch may also be a hand-wound mechanical wristwatch.

[0139] In this case, it is preferable that the mechatronics mechanism is configured to operate to drive the gear train when the tension of the drive spring is depleted. As a result of this configuration, kinetic energy flows from the mechatronics mechanism to the gear train, and the mechatronics mechanism drives the gear train. This pre-drive is performed in a clock-synchronous manner according to a useful signal. This provides the watch with a long power reserve.

[0140] When a watch is designed as an automatic winding wristwatch, a device for disconnecting the mainspring from the gear train and escape wheel is preferably provided. As a result, when the mechatronic mechanism drives the gear train, the mainspring can be prevented from being wound by the mechatronic mechanism.

[0141] In watches that include an escapement, it is preferable that the mechatronics mechanism is configured to activate the escapement so that it drives the gear train when the tension of the mainspring is depleted. To achieve this in a watch with an escapement formed as an anchor escapement, it is necessary to appropriately balance the design of the bifurcated pawl of the escapement's anchor (restraining piece), the setting angle of both pawls, and the shape of the teeth of the escape wheel with the setting angle.

[0142] If the mechatronic mechanism is formed as a stepper motor, it is preferable that the stepper motor is configured to start driving the gear train when the tension of the mainspring is exhausted.

[0143] If the above-described time-generating mechanism is used in place of the wheel, or in place of the wheel and escapement, an automatic winding watch can be obtained that is far more accurate than a conventional automatic winding watch with a wheel and escapement. Furthermore, the required current is supplied from a current source. Possible current sources include, for example, a rechargeable battery, a solar cell, a thermogenerator, or a combination thereof. However, the current demand required by these current sources can be partially reduced by the automatic winding mechanism of the automatic winding watch.

[0144] The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a clock, particularly a wristwatch. The method provides a time-generating mechanism comprising a time generator including a piezoelectric oscillator and electrodes, preferably a method for inserting the time-generating mechanism into a clock case.

[0145] Preferably, each piezoelectric vibrator has a length, width, and height of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 1.5 mm, more preferably at least 3 mm, and especially preferably at least 5 mm.

[0146] It should be noted that the characteristics of clocks mentioned above are also related to the methods of manufacturing clocks. This means that these characteristics can be combined with the methods of manufacturing clocks.

[0147] A preferred method is for the piezoelectric vibrator to have a predetermined vibration frequency.

[0148] Furthermore, this method may include the following steps: providing a pulse counter configured to count the clock signal of a time generator; providing an output unit; storing a predetermined count value, which can be derived from a predetermined vibration frequency, in the memory of the pulse counter or the output unit; configuring the output unit to output a useful signal when the count value of the clock signal of the time generator, counted by the pulse counter, is equal to a predetermined count value; and mounting the time generator, pulse counter, and output unit to a clock.

[0149] Preferably, the step of providing a time generation mechanism includes providing an arbitrary piezoelectric vibrator, generating vibrations in the piezoelectric vibrator, and measuring the vibrating piezoelectric vibrator using a frequency counter to determine its vibration frequency. In this case, the measured vibration frequency corresponds to a predetermined vibration frequency. Thus, any piezoelectric vibrator can be used, or a piezoelectric vibrator can be made by appropriately processing a raw crystal, its measured vibration frequency is used as the predetermined vibration frequency, and a predetermined count value is derived from that predetermined vibration frequency.

[0150] According to a preferred embodiment, the step of providing a time generation mechanism includes selecting a vibration frequency as a predetermined vibration frequency and forming a piezoelectric vibrator from a raw crystal, in particular by other shaping methods such as cutting or etching, or by microfabrication by material removal using a laser, so that the vibrator has the predetermined vibration frequency. In other words, the piezoelectric vibrator is appropriately formed so that its final shape has a vibration frequency that is intentionally selected. That is, a piezoelectric vibrator with a random vibration frequency is not formed.

[0151] Therefore, a clock can be equipped with a clock-making mechanism in which a piezoelectric oscillator for its clock-making device has an individualized oscillation frequency according to the wishes of the clock's owner, especially the wearer in the case of a wristwatch. For example, the wearer's birthday can be selected as the oscillation frequency of the piezoelectric oscillator of the first clock-making device.

[0152] A method is further proposed to provide a tourmaline resonator having a predetermined vibration frequency of piezoelectric excitation vibration in a vibration direction along the L-axis, TA-axis, TS-axis, or a direction having an inclination of 40 to 50 degrees, particularly 45 degrees, with respect to the L-axis. This method includes the steps of cutting a tourmaline protocrystal in the vibration direction of the tourmaline resonator, positioning and adding electrodes perpendicular to the vibration direction of the tourmaline protocrystal, measuring the tourmaline protocrystal in the vibration direction, and while the electrodes are positioned and added, cutting the tourmaline protocrystal in a direction from the group of L-axis, TA-axis, TS-axis, or in a direction having an inclination of 40 to 50 degrees, particularly 45 degrees, with respect to the L-axis which does not correspond to the vibration direction, particularly during measurement, until a predetermined vibration frequency is achieved.

[0153] Within the scope of this invention, the vibration direction is, in particular, the direction of the current passing through the piezoelectric vibrator, or in other words, the direction in which the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is excited by the current. For example, if the electrodes are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the L-axis of the tourmaline vibrator, the direction of the current is parallel to the L-axis. In this case, the vibration direction is therefore along the L-axis.

[0154] It should be noted that the headings included in the above explanation are provided specifically to improve the readability of the text and are not restrictive to the subsequent explanatory sections.

[0155] Further details, features, and advantages of the invention are derived from the following description and the drawings of embodiments, where identical and accordingly functionally identical parts are designated by the same reference numerals. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0156] [Figure 1]This is a schematic, simplified plan view of a clock according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic perspective view of a tourmaline protocrystal with a tricrystalline structure. [Figure 3] This is a schematic perspective view of a tourmaline oscillator according to the first embodiment of the invention. [Figure 4] Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of the tourmaline protocrystal on which the tourmaline oscillator is formed. [Figure 5] Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of the crystal before the formation of the tourmaline oscillator shown in Figure 3, which was cut from the original tourmaline crystal. [Figure 6] Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the tourmaline oscillator as seen from the right. [Figure 7] This is a schematic, simplified plan view of a clock according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] This is a schematic, simplified perspective view of a tourmaline oscillator according to a second embodiment of the invention. [Figure 9] Figure 8 is a schematic, simplified front view of a tourmaline oscillator. [Figure 10] Figure 8 is a schematic, simplified plan view of a tourmaline oscillator. [Figure 11] This is a schematic perspective view of a tourmaline oscillator according to a third embodiment of the invention. [Figure 12] Figure 11 is a schematic perspective view of the tourmaline protocrystal on which the tourmaline oscillator is formed. [Figure 13] Figure 12 is a schematic, simplified front view of a tourmaline protocrystal. [Figure 14] This is a schematic perspective view of a tourmaline oscillator according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. [Figure 15] Figure 14 is a schematic perspective view of the tourmaline protocrystal on which the tourmaline oscillator is formed. [Figure 16] This is a schematic perspective view of a tourmaline oscillator according to the fifth embodiment of the invention. [Figure 17] Figure 16 is a schematic perspective view of the tourmaline protocrystal on which the tourmaline oscillator is formed. [Figure 18] This is a schematic perspective view of a tourmaline oscillator according to the sixth embodiment of the invention. [Figure 19] Figure 18 is a schematic perspective view of the tourmaline protocrystal on which the tourmaline oscillator is formed. [Figure 20] This is a schematic, simplified plan view of a clock according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 21] This is a schematic, simplified diagram of the components of a clock according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 22] This is a schematic, simplified plan view of a clock according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 23] This is a schematic, simplified diagram of a clock component according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 24] This is a schematic, simplified diagram of a time generation mechanism having a piezoelectric oscillator and electrode arrangement. [Figure 25] This is a schematic, simplified diagram of the timekeeping mechanism of a clock according to the present invention. [Figure 26] This is a schematic, simplified diagram of another timekeeping mechanism for a clock according to the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0157] In the following, the clock 100 according to the present invention and the timekeeping mechanism 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 to 7.

[0158] As seen in Figure 1, the clock 100 is formed as a wristwatch and has two attachment points 14 for a watch strap. However, the clock 100 could also be a wall clock, a grandfather clock, or any other type of clock.

[0159] The clock 100 includes a clock case 11 and a crystal 15 positioned on top of it. The clock 100 further has a dial 12 and three hands 13 for indicating hours, minutes, and seconds. The hands 13 are components of a mechanical clock display device 102.

[0160] The timekeeping mechanism 10 includes a timekeeping generator 1 containing a piezoelectric vibrator 2, which reliably generates a useful signal based on the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator 2. The useful signal is input to a drive device 101 for moving the hands 13. The useful signal can also be characterized as a clock signal for use within the scope of the present invention. How the useful signal can be generated will be described in detail later.

[0161] To vibrate the piezoelectric vibrator 2, the time generation mechanism 10 further includes an oscillation circuit 115.

[0162] The drive unit 101 includes a drive element that can be directly connected to the mechanical clock display device 102. Alternatively, in addition to the drive element, the drive unit 101 may also include a converter that connects the drive element to the mechanical clock display device 102 and is formed as a gear train that converts the movement of the drive element into the movement of the mechanical clock display device 102. In particular, the drive element can be formed as an electric stepper motor, especially a rave stepper motor, or other types of electromechanical drive.

[0163] As can be seen further from Figure 1, the timekeeping mechanism 10, the drive unit 101, and the mechanical clock display device 102 are located inside the clock case 11 beneath the dial 12.

[0164] In this embodiment, the time generator 1 includes a piezoelectric vibrator 2 formed as a tourmaline vibrator 2 (Figure 3) made from the tourmaline raw crystal 20 shown in Figure 4.

[0165] First, with reference to Figure 2, the general structure of the tourmaline protocrystal 20 and its piezoelectric properties will be described.

[0166] In particular, Figure 2 shows that the tourmaline protocrystal 20 has a triangular crystal structure. That is, the tourmaline protocrystal 20 crystallizes in a triangular shape. The tourmaline protocrystal 20 has an L axis 501, a TA axis 502 (TA: Triangle-Angle), and a TS axis 503 (TS: Tourmaline-side). The L axis 501 corresponds to the first crystal axis, the TA axis 502 corresponds to the second crystal axis, and the TS axis 503 corresponds to the third crystal axis 503.

[0167] In particular, the L-axis 501 corresponds to the major axis of the crystal axis of the tourmaline protocrystal 20. The TA-axis 502 is perpendicular to the L-axis 501 and passes through the angle formed between the first face 21 and the second face 22 of the tourmaline protocrystal 20. The TS-axis 503 of the tourmaline protocrystal 20 is perpendicular to the L-axis 501 and basically runs almost parallel to the basic direction of the slightly curved third face 23 of the tourmaline protocrystal 20.

[0168] The tourmaline protocrystal 20 can be described by a trigonal system 24, or rather, the cross section of the tourmaline protocrystal 20 perpendicular to the L-axis 501 can be approximated by a trigonal system 24 whose planes are associated with, or conform to, planes 21, 22, and 23 of the tourmaline protocrystal 20. Thus, the L-axis 501 is perpendicular to the plane of the trigonal system 24, the TA-axis 502 is perpendicular to the L-axis 501 and passes through the angle formed between two of the three sides of the trigonal system 24. The TS-axis 503 is perpendicular to the L-axis 501 and runs parallel to one of the three sides of the trigonal system 24.

[0169] Since the L-axis 501, TA-axis 502, and TS-axis 503 are polar axes, the tourmaline raw crystal 20 has piezoelectric vibration characteristics along these axes. To demonstrate this effect, Figure 2 shows a first tourmaline plate 25, a second tourmaline plate 27, and a third tourmaline plate 29 cut from the tourmaline raw crystal 20. In particular, the first tourmaline plate 25 is cut perpendicular to the L-axis 501, the second tourmaline plate 27 is cut perpendicular to the TA-axis 502, and the third tourmaline plate 503 is cut perpendicular to the TS-axis 503. Therefore, the normal vector 26 of the main surface of the first tourmaline plate 25 is parallel to the first L-axis 501, the normal vector 28 of the main surface of the second tourmaline plate 27 is parallel to the TA-axis 502, and the normal vector 30 of the main surface of the third tourmaline plate 25 is parallel to the TS-axis 503.

[0170] When a voltage is applied to each main surface and the main surface opposite it, the first tourmaline plate 25 of the tourmaline plates 25, 27, and 29 vibrates in the direction of the L axis 501, the second tourmaline plate 27 vibrates in the direction of the TA axis 502, and the third tourmaline plate 29 vibrates in the direction of the TS axis 503. The tourmaline plates can also be cut from the tourmaline raw crystal 20 at an angle of 45 degrees to the L axis 501.

[0171] The piezoelectric vibration characteristics of the tourmaline raw crystal 20 are lowest in the L-axis direction and highest in the TS-axis direction. The piezoelectric vibration characteristics of the tourmaline raw crystal 20 in the TA-axis direction correspond to something between the piezoelectric vibration characteristics of the tourmaline resonator 20 in the L-axis direction and the piezoelectric vibration characteristics in the TS-axis direction.

[0172] Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the tourmaline oscillator, which functions as the time generator 1 of the clock 100 in this embodiment. It can be seen that the electrode 8 is positioned on a plane 4 perpendicular to the L-axis 501 of the tourmaline oscillator. In other words, the direction of the piezoelectric excitation vibration of the tourmaline oscillator is along the L-axis 501.

[0173] By a preferred method, the tourmaline oscillator has a length 111, a width 112, and a height 113, each at least 1 mm, preferably at least 1.5 mm. These dimensions allow the tourmaline oscillator to vibrate stably when a voltage is applied to the electrode 8, without having to place it in a vacuum. Furthermore, these dimensions of the tourmaline oscillator ensure that degradation of the tourmaline oscillator is eliminated or minimized. Thus, the vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator does not change or is minimally affected over time, and the accuracy of the clock 100 also remains essentially unchanged.

[0174] Figure 3 further shows that the tourmaline oscillator is formed as a beveled stone. In particular, the tourmaline oscillator has a crown 50 and a pavilion 60. The crown 50 has a crown surface 51 and a table surface 52, and the pavilion 60 has a pavilion surface 61. In this case, the table surface 52 is perpendicular to the TA axis 502. The pavilion surface 61 is inclined with respect to the TA axis 502, and each has two edges 610 which run parallel to the L axis 501.

[0175] To manufacture a tourmaline oscillator, a cubic portion is first cut from the tourmaline crystal 20 shown in Figure 4. The cut cube 200 shown in Figure 5 is then cut to a suitable shape so that the crown 50 and pavilion 60 of the tourmaline oscillator shown in Figure 3 are formed.

[0176] In order for the tourmaline oscillator to exhibit its optical properties and function as the gemstone 1 of the watch 100, the watch 100 has a see-through region 114 as shown in Figure 7, through which the tourmaline oscillator is visible. In this embodiment, the see-through region 114 includes the crystal 15 and an opening 120 in the dial 12. In particular, the tourmaline oscillator is positioned below the opening 120 and is visible through the crystal 15 and the opening 120 in the dial 12. Specifically, the tourmaline oscillator is positioned together with the crown 50 so that its table surface 52 faces the crystal 15. In a further example of the watch 100, a viewing window may be provided at the location of the opening 120 in the dial 12.

[0177] Furthermore, the dial of the watch 100 can be omitted. In this case, the see-through area 114 will be provided by the crystal 15. Here, it is preferable that the table surface 52 corresponding to the crown 50 faces the crystal 15. In another configuration of the watch 100, the see-through area 114 can also be provided in the watch case 11. In particular, the watch case back may be made transparent and used as the see-through area.

[0178] In any case, the person looking at the clock can directly see the table surface 51. In particular, the viewer's line of sight relative to the table surface 52 (perpendicular to the table surface 52) is perpendicular to the L-axis 501 of the tourmaline oscillator and parallel to the TA-axis 502.

[0179] To increase the brilliance of the tourmaline oscillator, the pavilion angle 611 of the tourmaline oscillator shown in Figure 6 is 42 degrees. Therefore, the pavilion angle 611 is selected so that double total internal reflection of light occurs within the pavilion 60 of the tourmaline oscillator.

[0180] To illustrate this aspect, the guidance of light within the tourmaline oscillator is represented by an arrow 700 as shown in Figure 6. Light entering the tourmaline oscillator from above through the crown 50 or table surface 52 is totally reflected inside the pavilion surface 61 and exits the tourmaline oscillator upwards again through the crown 50 or table surface 52.

[0181] Figures 8, 9, and 10 show the time generator 1 of a clock 100 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 is a perspective view of the time generator 1, Figure 9 is a side view of the time generator 1, and Figure 10 is a top view of the time generator 1.

[0182] Similar to the time generator 1 according to the first embodiment, the time generator 1 according to the second embodiment also includes a piezoelectric resonator 2 formed as a tourmaline resonator having electrodes 8 disposed thereon. The electrodes 8 are positioned on the surface 4 of the tourmaline resonator perpendicular to the L-axis 501. The table surface 52 of the tourmaline resonator is perpendicular to the TA-axis 502.

[0183] However, the tourmaline oscillator according to the second embodiment differs from the tourmaline oscillator according to the first embodiment in that the tourmaline oscillator according to the second embodiment has a plurality of surfaces 62 on its bottom surface, which form a plurality of protrusions 63. In particular, two surfaces 62 that are inclined toward each other form the protrusions 63.

[0184] As shown in Figures 8 to 10, the protrusions 63 are arranged to form a wavy cross-section extending in the direction of the TS axis 503. In this case, the protrusions 63 are arranged parallel to the L axis 501. In particular, each protrusion 63 extends in the direction of the L axis 501.

[0185] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 9, each surface 62 of the projection 63 is formed at an angle 612 with respect to a plane parallel to the table surface 52, which enables total internal reflection of light at the surface 62. In particular, the angle 612 is 42 degrees or greater. In other words, each surface 62 is inclined toward the TA axis 502 at an angle 612 of 42 degrees or greater, which causes double total internal reflection of light to occur within the tourmaline oscillator.

[0186] In Figure 9, to illustrate this embodiment, the guidance of light within the tourmaline oscillator is shown by arrow 701. Light entering the tourmaline oscillator from above through the crown 50 or table surface 52 undergoes total internal reflection inside the surface 62 of the projection 63 and exits the tourmaline oscillator upwards again through the crown 50 or table surface 52.

[0187] Figures 11, 12, and 13 illustrate the time generator 1 of a clock 100 according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0188] Similar to the time generator 1 according to the first embodiment, the time generator 1 according to the third embodiment includes a piezoelectric vibrator 2 formed as a tourmaline vibrator having electrodes 8 disposed thereon.

[0189] However, in the tourmaline resonator according to the third embodiment, the electrode 8 is not positioned on a plane 4 perpendicular to the L-axis 501 of the tourmaline resonator as shown in the first embodiment, but rather on a plane 4 parallel to the L-axis 501 and perpendicular to the TS-axis 503. Therefore, the direction of the piezoelectric excitation vibration of the piezoelectric resonator according to the third embodiment runs along the TS-axis 503.

[0190] Here, the table surface 52 of the tourmaline oscillator is perpendicular to the TA axis 502. The pavilion surface 61 is inclined toward the TA axis 502 at an angle equal to the pavilion angle 611. In this case, the edge 610 of the pavilion surface 61 extends parallel to the L axis 501.

[0191] To form a tourmaline oscillator according to the third embodiment, a tourmaline protocrystal 20 is cut as shown in Figure 13. Preferably, the tourmaline protocrystal 20 has the shape of a tourmaline needle. The trigonal structure of the tourmaline protocrystal 20 can be suitably utilized when adding pavilion faces 61 to the tourmaline protocrystal 20.

[0192] Figures 14 and 15 show the time generator 1 of a clock 100 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0193] Similar to the time generator 1 according to the first embodiment, the time generator 1 according to the fourth embodiment also includes a piezoelectric vibrator 2 formed as a tourmaline vibrator having electrodes 8 disposed thereon.

[0194] However, the tourmaline resonator according to the fourth embodiment differs from the tourmaline resonator according to the first embodiment in that the tourmaline resonator according to the fourth embodiment includes an electrode 8 positioned on a surface 4 of the tourmaline resonator that is perpendicular to the TA axis 502 and parallel to the L axis 501. Here, the direction of vibration of the piezoelectric excitation vibration of the tourmaline resonator is along the TA axis 502.

[0195] Another difference between the tourmaline oscillator according to the fourth embodiment and the tourmaline oscillator according to the first embodiment is that the tourmaline oscillator according to the fourth embodiment does not have a beveled pavilion that can reflect incident light. Therefore, the tourmaline oscillator does not function as a gemstone in the watch 100.

[0196] In this case, the time generator 1 may be completely covered by the dial 12.

[0197] Figures 16 and 17 show the time generator 1 of a clock 100 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0198] Similar to the time generator 1 according to the first embodiment, the time generator 1 according to the fifth embodiment includes a piezoelectric vibrator formed as a tourmaline vibrator on which electrodes 8 are placed.

[0199] In the tourmaline oscillator according to the fifth embodiment, the electrodes 8 are arranged on the surface 4 of the tourmaline oscillator, and these surfaces have an angle of 400 with respect to the L-axis 501. In particular, the angle 400 is between 40 and 50 degrees, preferably 45 degrees.

[0200] In this case, each surface 4 includes two edges 401 positioned relative to the L-axis 501 at the aforementioned angle 400, and two further edges 402 parallel to the TA-axis 502.

[0201] This means that the direction of the piezoelectric excitation vibration of the tourmaline oscillator utilizes a polarity located between the L-axis 501 and the TA-axis 502, deviating from the three related axes of the tourmaline oscillator, namely the L-axis 501, the TA-axis 502, and the TS-axis 503.

[0202] In particular, the tourmaline oscillator of the above-described embodiment can be made from rubellite.

[0203] Figures 18 and 19 show the time generator 1 of the clock 100 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[0204] Similar to the time generator 1 according to the first embodiment, the time generator 1 according to the sixth embodiment includes a piezoelectric vibrator formed as a tourmaline vibrator on which electrodes 8 are placed.

[0205] However, in the tourmaline oscillator according to the sixth embodiment, the electrode 8 is positioned on a surface 4 that is perpendicular to the TS axis 503 and parallel to the TA axis 502, and the table surface 52 is perpendicular to the L axis 501.

[0206] As can be seen from Figure 19, the tourmaline protocrystal 20 on which the tourmaline oscillator according to the sixth embodiment is formed has a hexagonal structure, in contrast to the trigonal structure of the tourmaline protocrystal 20 on which the tourmaline oscillator according to the first embodiment is formed.

[0207] Similar to the tourmaline protocrystals 20 in Figures 2 and 4, the hexagonal tourmaline protocrystal 20 has an L-axis 501, three TA axes 502, and three TS axes 503. Since the TA axes 502 and TS axes are equivalent to each other, only one TA axis 502 and one TS axis 503 of the tourmaline protocrystal 20 are shown in Figure 19. For comparison between the trigonal and hexagonal tourmaline protocrystals 20, a trigonal structure 24 is also depicted in Figure 19, which can be used to explain the trigonal tourmaline protocrystal 20. The hexagonal tourmaline protocrystal 20 can be explained using a hexagonal crystal system that coincides with the hexagonal cross-section of the tourmaline protocrystal 20 in this case.

[0208] The tourmaline raw crystal 20 in Figure 19, and the tourmaline oscillator in Figure 18, like several types of tourmaline such as Nigerian pink tourmaline, have the property of transmitting light in the direction of the L axis 501. This has the advantage that light passing through the table surface 52 of the tourmaline oscillator is not absorbed by it. Furthermore, the tourmaline oscillator in Figure 18 has a piezoelectric excitation vibration direction in the direction of the TS axis 503, and this direction has stronger piezoelectric vibration characteristics compared to the direction of the L axis 501 or the TA axis 502.

[0209] To provide the time generation mechanism 10 according to the above-described embodiment, first, an arbitrary tourmaline oscillator can be provided. Here, "arbitrary" means that the tourmaline raw crystal can be cut first without worrying about the vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator to be formed. In this case, after the tourmaline oscillator is made, vibrations of the tourmaline oscillator can be generated, and the vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator can be measured using a frequency integrator to determine its vibration frequency.

[0210] Alternatively, the vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator can be selected in advance. In this case, the vibration frequency is the vibration frequency that the time oscillator 1 of the time generation mechanism 10, which includes the tourmaline oscillator, will have. Subsequently, the tourmaline crystal is formed so that the tourmaline oscillator has the selected vibration frequency. In other words, the tourmaline oscillator only needs to be formed in its final form to have a vibration frequency that is intentionally selected, rather than arbitrary.

[0211] In this case, the time generation mechanism 10 preferably includes a useful signal generation device that includes a pulse counter and an output unit. The pulse counter is set to count the clock signal of the time generator 1, which is formed as a tourmaline oscillator. The output unit is set to output a useful signal when the count value of the clock signal of the time generator 1 is equal to a predetermined count value. In other words, the useful signal generation device is set to generate a useful signal when the count value of the clock signal of the time generator 1 is equal to a predetermined count value, and the output unit is set to output that useful signal. The predetermined count value can be derived from a predetermined vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator, and in particular, the value can be stored in the memory of the pulse counter or the output unit.

[0212] The time generator 1, including the tourmaline oscillator according to the embodiment described above, has a selected vibration frequency in a suitable manner in its vibration direction, and its frequency value is preferably composed of only the number 8 or only 8 and 0. In particular, the vibration frequency can be 8888Hz, 88888Hz, 888888Hz, 8888888Hz, 8kHz, 88KHz, 888KHz, or 8888KHz. Preferably, the vibration frequency is 888888Hz or 888kHz, the length 111, width 112, and height 113 of the tourmaline oscillator are each 8.88 mm, and the weight of the tourmaline oscillator is 8.88 carats.

[0213] To reiterate, the time generation mechanism 10 may include a pulse counter and an output unit, and can generate useful signals according to the above operating method. For example, if the tourmaline oscillator has an oscillation frequency of 888888 Hz, when a predetermined count value is equal to 111111, the pulse counter can be used to reduce it to 8 Hz.

[0214] Furthermore, the tourmaline oscillator has a selected vibration frequency in its vibration direction, and it is possible to adjust this frequency by performing a halving operation multiple times to a desired frequency, particularly 1 Hz or 8 Hz. For this purpose, the time generation mechanism 10 can use a frequency divider set to reduce the vibration frequency of the tourmaline oscillator to a desired frequency, particularly 1 Hz or 8 Hz, instead of a pulse counter. A useful signal of the desired frequency can be output by the frequency divider itself or by another output unit.

[0215] It should also be noted that the time generation mechanism 10 can include both a pulse counter and a frequency divider. For example, if the tourmaline oscillator has a high vibration frequency, for example 888888Hz, the vibration frequency can be halved three times using the frequency divider in the first step. In the second step, the intermediate frequency 111111Hz present at the output of the frequency divider can be reduced to 1Hz using the pulse counter. To do this, it is necessary to set a predetermined count value of the pulse counter to 111111.

[0216] Figures 20 and 21 relate to a clock 100 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

[0217] In particular, the clock 100 is formed as an automatic winding mechanical clock and includes a time generation mechanism 10 comprising a time generator 1 which includes a piezoelectric oscillator 2, an escapement 105, a gear train 104, and a mechanical time display device 102 including three hands 13. Alternatively, the clock 100 can also be formed as a hand-wound mechanical clock.

[0218] The timekeeping mechanism 10 of the clock 100 according to the seventh embodiment may preferably include the components of the timekeeping mechanism 10 of the embodiments described above. In particular, the timekeeping generator 1 here may preferably be formed in the same way as the timekeeping generator 1 of the embodiments described above.

[0219] However, the timekeeping mechanism 10 of the clock 100 according to the seventh embodiment further includes a mechatronic mechanism 106. In particular, it can be deduced from Figure 21 that the mechatronic mechanism 106 is formed as an actuator including a magnetic armature (magnetic core) 107 and a magnetic coil 108. Here, the magnetic coil 108 interacts with the magnetic armature 107. Specifically, the magnetic coil 108 is configured to move the magnetic armature 107 when energized.

[0220] The mechatronic mechanism 106 is operated in accordance with a useful signal based on the vibration frequency of the time generator 1. As a result, the mechatronic mechanism 106, in particular the magnetic armature 107, engages with the gear train 104 in a clock-synchronous manner.

[0221] As can be seen in Figure 20, the escapement 105 is positioned between the time generation mechanism 10 (particularly the mechatronics mechanism 106) and the gear train 104. Therefore, the mechatronics mechanism 106, in particular the magnetic armature 107, indirectly engages with the gear train 104 via the escapement 105. The escapement 105 is drivable by the mechatronics mechanism 106.

[0222] In particular, the mechatronic mechanism 106 indirectly engages with the gear train 104 in a restrictive manner in order to stop and then release the gear train 104.

[0223] Furthermore, as can be explained from Figure 21, the escapement 105 includes an escape wheel 109 and a retaining piece 110, and in particular has a configuration as an anchor escapement. In this case, the escape wheel 109 is engaged with the gear train 104, and the magnetic armature 107 can engage with the retaining piece 110 by its operation. In particular, the retaining piece 110 is driveable by the magnetic armature 107.

[0224] In particular, the magnetic coil 108 forms / removes a magnetic field according to the period of the useful signal, causing the magnetic armature 107 to move back and forth according to the period of the useful signal. The magnetic armature 107 then engages with the stopper piece 110, and this action replaces the operation of the conventional wheel in a mechanical clock.

[0225] Therefore, clock 100 can be timed more accurately.

[0226] Figures 22 and 23 relate to a clock 100 according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

[0227] The clock 100 according to the eighth embodiment differs from the clock 100 according to the seventh embodiment in that the clock 100 according to the eighth embodiment is not provided with an escapement.

[0228] In this configuration of the clock 100, the mechatronics mechanism 106 is configured and set to directly engage with the gear train 104 in a clock-synchronous manner. Therefore, the timekeeping mechanism 10 of the clock 100 according to the eighth embodiment performs the combined role of a conventional wheel and a conventional escapement.

[0229] In particular, the mechatronic mechanism directly engages with the gear train 104 in a restraining manner, stopping and releasing the gear train 104 alternately.

[0230] In the clock 100 according to the eighth embodiment, the mechatronic mechanism 106 is also formed as an actuator including a magnetic armature 107 and a magnetic coil 108.

[0231] Therefore, the magnetic armature 107 directly engages with the gear train 104 in a clock-synchronous manner.

[0232] However, the mechatronics mechanism 106 can also be formed as a stepper motor and directly engage with the gear train 104 using a clock synchronization method.

[0233] In this case, the electric stepper motor is configured to directly engage with the gear train 105. In such a configuration, it is desirable that the clock's mainspring and electric stepper motor are configured such that the mainspring does not possess the force to further rotate the electric stepper motor when there is no power supply to the electric stepper motor. In this respect, the electric stepper motor replaces conventional wheels and conventional escapements. Furthermore, when the mainspring (drive spring) of the clock 100 is fully unwound, the electric stepper motor functions advantageously as a drive element for driving the mechanical clock display device 102, particularly a drive element for moving the hands 13.

[0234] Except for the features of the clock 100 described in this embodiment, its operating method basically corresponds to that of the clock 100 according to the seventh embodiment. However, here, the mechatronics mechanism 106 does not control the escapement, but instead directly controls the gear train 104, thereby synchronizing the gear train 104 with the clock.

[0235] In the embodiments described above, the electrodes 8 are shown in the drawings as electrodes attached to the surface 4 of each piezoelectric vibrator 2. That is, the electrodes 8 are connected to the surface 4 of the piezoelectric vibrator 2. In particular, the electrodes 8 are substantially attached to, or preferably bonded to, the surface 4 of the piezoelectric vibrator 2.

[0236] However, it is possible that electrode 8 is not connected to piezoelectric vibrator 2, but is formed as a separate component.

[0237] Figure 24 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the electrode arrangement 9, in which electrodes 8 formed independently of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 are provided.

[0238] The electrode arrangement 9, formed as a separate component from the piezoelectric vibrator 2, includes an electrode holder 7 to which the electrode 8 is attached.

[0239] The electrode 8 is formed on the surface of the electrode holder 7. In particular, the electrode 8 can be an independent current-conducting member connected to the surface 70 of the electrode holder 7. Alternatively, the electrode 8 may be formed as a current-conducting layer on the surface 70 of the electrode holder 7.

[0240] By applying a voltage to electrode 8, the piezoelectric vibrator is made to vibrate.

[0241] It is desirable that the electrode holder 7 is configured such that, at the maximum vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator 2, i.e., at the maximum mechanical deformation of the vibrator 2, the surface 70 of the electrode holder 7 on which the electrode 8 is formed is in contact with the piezoelectric vibrator 2 or its surface 4 to which an electrical voltage must be applied, or is configured to be spaced apart from the vibrator 2 or its surface 4.

[0242] In the latter case, the electrode 8 does not contact the piezoelectric vibrator 2. Here, it is desirable to set the distance between the electrode holder 7 and the electrode 8 to a distance short enough that the piezoelectric vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 can be started and maintained when a voltage is applied to the electrode 8. The distance between each surface 70 of the electrode holder 7 and the corresponding surface 4 of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 is preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm. In this case, electrical charge is transferred to the piezoelectric vibrator 2 only by the charge field (electric field) without direct contact with the piezoelectric vibrator 2. Therefore, the piezoelectric vibrator 2 can expand and contract accordingly.

[0243] The electrode arrangement 9 is also preferably used as a holder for holding the piezoelectric vibrator 2. For this purpose, the electrode holder 9 preferably has a receiving area (holding area) 90 for receiving and holding the piezoelectric vibrator 2.

[0244] Using electrode arrangement 9, the piezoelectric vibrator can be vibrated without damping, taking into account the damping normally caused by electrode 8.

[0245] Figure 25 shows the timekeeping mechanism 10 within the clock 100 according to the present invention.

[0246] The time generation mechanism 10 includes a useful signal generator 116 which includes a pulse counter 119 equipped with a comparator 121. The pulse counter 119 is formed to count the clock signal of the time generator 1.

[0247] The useful signal generator 116 is configured to generate a useful signal based on the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator 2. In particular, the useful signal generator 116 is configured to generate a useful signal when the count value of the clock signal counted by the time generator is equal to a predetermined count value.

[0248] Optionally, the useful signal generator 116 may also include a frequency divider 117. In this case, the pulse counter 119 is configured to count a signal based on the clock signal of the time generator, in this case the output signal of the frequency divider 117. The useful signal generator 116 is configured to generate a useful signal when the count value of the counted output signal of the frequency divider is equal to a predetermined count value.

[0249] The time generation mechanism 10 further includes an output unit 118 configured to output a useful signal generated by the useful signal generation device 116.

[0250] Preferably, the time generation mechanism 10 includes a control unit 122 configured to correct a predetermined count value according to the temperature of the time generator 1 and / or the temperature of the clock 100 around the time generator 1.

[0251] For this purpose, it is desirable to store in the memory unit 123 a reference table of temperature-dependent predetermined count values ​​(predetermined count values ​​assigned to temperature) and / or a function of predetermined count values ​​corresponding to the temperature of the time generator 1 and / or the temperature of the clock 100 around the time generator 1. The control unit 122 and the memory unit 123 can preferably be configured as part of the microcontroller 130.

[0252] The clock 100 preferably includes a temperature sensor 131 for detecting the current temperature of the time generator 1 and / or the temperature of the clock 100 around the time generator 1. The temperature sensor 131 can also be integrated into the microcontroller 130.

[0253] The control unit 122 preferably reads the temperature sensor 131 periodically and calculates a relevant predetermined count value using a stored function or retrieves those values ​​from a stored table. It is preferable to write this to the memory of the comparator 121. As a result, the useful signal generator 116 generates a useful signal when the count value of the clock signal of the time generator 1 counted by the pulse counter 119, or the count value of the output signal of the frequency divider 117 if a frequency divider 117 is provided as described above, is equal to the aforementioned relevant predetermined count value (corrected count value), i.e., a predetermined count value related to the current temperature.

[0254] This makes it possible to compensate for the temperature-dependent vibration frequency deviation of the piezoelectric oscillator 2.

[0255] Since the internal temperature of clock 100 generally changes only slowly, this compensation process does not need to be performed frequently; it only needs to be done every few minutes. Therefore, the energy consumption required for this calculation is minimal.

[0256] Figure 26 illustrates the timekeeping mechanism 10 within the clock 100 according to the present invention.

[0257] Unlike the time generation mechanism 10 in Figure 25, the current time generation mechanism 10 does not have a pulse counter.

[0258] Furthermore, Figure 26 shows an oscillation circuit 115 for exciting the piezoelectric vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 of the time generator 1.

[0259] The oscillator circuit 115 includes a capacitive diode 132, which operates preferably in reverse (i.e., with virtually no current flowing). The oscillation frequency of the crystal oscillator 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance of the capacitive diode 132, particularly the junction capacitance. The junction capacitance depends in a defined manner on the applied reverse voltage. Thus, such a diode represents a variable capacitance capacitor (trimmer capacitor).

[0260] The memory unit 123 stores a function or reference table that indicates what reverse voltage needs to be applied to the capacitive diode 132 as a function of the temperature of the time generator 1 or the ambient temperature around the time generator 1. Based on this, the correct value for temperature compensation corresponding to its junction capacitance can be obtained. In particular, the reference table may include temperature-dependent reverse voltage values ​​(planned reverse voltage values ​​assigned to temperature). Specifically, the function is a function of temperature-dependent reverse voltage values.

[0261] The control unit 122 reads the temperature sensor, identifies the associated voltage value, and applies it to the capacitive diode, specifically via the analog output of the microcontroller 130.

[0262] This makes it possible to compensate for the temperature-dependent vibration frequency deviation of the piezoelectric oscillator 2.

[0263] It should be noted that the time generator 1 of the time generation mechanism 10 in Figures 25 and 26 can be formed as any of the time generators 1 described above. Accordingly, the time generation mechanism 10 in Figures 25 and 26 can be provided to the clock 100 described above. This means in particular that the temperature compensation described with reference to Figures 25 and 26 can be implemented in the clock 100 described above.

[0264] However, it should be noted that the time generation mechanism 10 shown in Figures 25 and 26 can also be implemented for temperature compensation in conjunction with a piezoelectric vibrator that does not have a length, width, or height of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 1.5 mm.

[0265] In addition to the description of the above invention, for the purpose of its supplementary disclosure, the reference signs in the drawings of the invention from FIGS. 1 to 26 are explicitly described below.

Description of Signs

[0266] 1 Hour generator 2 Piezoelectric vibrator 4 Surface 7 Electrode holder 8 Electrode 9 Electrode arrangement 10 Hour generating mechanism 11 Watch case 12 Dial 13 Hand 14 Port 15 Windshield 20 Tourmaline raw crystal 21 First face <00世界上最幸福的人00917>22 Second face 23 Third face 24 Trigonal system 25 First tourmaline plate [[ID=4世界上最幸福的人5]]26 Normal vector 世界上最幸福的人 27 Second tourmaline plate 28 Normal vector 29 Third tourmaline plate 30 Normal vector 50 Crown 51 Crown surface 52 Table surface 60 Pavilion 61 Pavilion surface 62 Face 63 Projection 90 Attachment area 100 Watch 101 Driving device 102 Mechanical watch display device 104 Wheel train 105 Escapement 106 Mechatronics mechanism part 107 Magnetic armature 108 Magnetic coil 109 Gang wheel [[ID=世界上最幸福的人89]]110 Suppression piece 111 Length 112 Width 113 Height 114 Transparent area 115 Oscillation circuit 116 Useful signal generation device 117 Frequency divider<000095·1>118 Output section 119 Pulse counter 120 Opening 121 Comparator 122 Control unit 123 Memory unit 130 Microcontroller 131 Temperature sensor 132 Varicap diode 200 Notch 400 Angle 401 Edge 402 Edge 501 L axis 502 TA axis 503 TS axis 610 Edge 611 Pavilion angle 612 Angle 700 Arrow ·701 Arrow

Claims

1. It is a clock (100), The watch comprises a timekeeping mechanism (10) and a watch case (11) on which the timekeeping mechanism (10) is arranged. The aforementioned time generation mechanism (10) includes a time generator (1), The aforementioned time generator (1) includes a piezoelectric vibrator (2) and an electrode (8), The length (111), width (112), and height (113) of the piezoelectric vibrator (2) are each 1 mm or more. The clock (100) has a transparent area (114), The piezoelectric vibrator (2) is formed and arranged within the clock (100) such that it is visible through the transparent region (114) of the clock (100). As a result, the piezoelectric vibrator functions as a gemstone in the clock (100).

2. The watch (100) is a wristwatch, as described in claim 1.

3. The clock (100) according to claim 1, wherein the length (111), width (112), and height (113) of the piezoelectric vibrator (2) are each 1.5 mm or more.

4. The piezoelectric vibrator (2) has a pavilion (60) including a pavilion surface (61), and the pavilion angle (611) is selected so that double total internal reflection of light occurs within the pavilion (60). or The clock (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric vibrator (2) has a plurality of surfaces (62) on its bottom surface, the plurality of surfaces (62) form a plurality of protrusions (63), the plurality of protrusions (63) are arranged to form a wavy cross-section, and the surfaces (62) of each of the protrusions (63) are arranged at an angle (612) selected to cause double total internal reflection of light within the protrusions (63).

5. The clock (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric oscillator (2) is a natural tourmaline oscillator having an L axis (501), three TA axes (502), and three TS axes (503).

6. The watch (100) according to claim 5, wherein the tourmaline oscillator is formed from a tourmaline protocrystal having a trigonal or hexagonal structure.

7. The clock (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that the tourmaline oscillator includes a table surface (52) perpendicular to the L axis (501), TA axis (502), or TS axis (503).

8. The watch (100) according to claim 7, wherein the tourmaline oscillator allows light to pass through in the direction of the L axis (501).

9. The clock (100) according to claim 5, wherein the tourmaline oscillator includes a table surface (52) perpendicular to the TA axis (502) or the TS axis (503).

10. The watch (100) according to claim 9, wherein the tourmaline oscillator prevents light transmission in the direction of the L axis (501).

11. The clock (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrode (8) is positioned on the surface (4) of the tourmaline oscillator which is perpendicular to the L-axis (501).

12. The tourmaline oscillator has a pavilion surface (61) inclined toward the TS axis (503) or the TA axis (502), and each surface of the pavilion surface (61) includes two edges (610) running parallel to the L axis (501). or The clock (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that the tourmaline oscillator has a plurality of surfaces (62) on its bottom surface, the plurality of surfaces (62) form a plurality of protrusions (63), the plurality of protrusions (63) are arranged to form a wavy cross-section, and each surface (62) of the protrusion (63) has an angle (612) between 40 and 50 degrees with respect to a plane parallel to the table surface (52) of the tourmaline oscillator.

13. The clock (100) according to claim 12, wherein the pavilion angle (611) is between 40 and 50 degrees.

14. The clock (100) according to claim 13, wherein the pavilion angle (611) is 42 degrees or more.

15. The clock (100) according to claim 12, wherein the angle (612) is 42 degrees or more.

16. The clock (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrode (8) is positioned on the surface (4) of the tourmaline oscillator which is perpendicular to the TA axis (502) and parallel to the L axis (501).

17. The clock (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrode (8) is positioned on the surface (4) of the tourmaline oscillator which is perpendicular to the TS axis (503) and parallel to the L axis (502).

18. The clock (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that the tourmaline oscillator has a pavilion surface (61) that is inclined toward the TA axis (502).

19. The clock (100) according to claim 18, wherein the pavilion angle (611) is between 40 and 50 degrees.

20. The clock (100) according to claim 19, wherein the pavilion angle (611) is 42 degrees or more.

21. The electrode (8) is positioned on the surface (4) of the tourmaline oscillator, and each surface (4) has an edge (401) that is at an angle (400) between 40 and 50 degrees with respect to the L axis (501), and an edge (402) that is parallel to the TA axis (502) or the TS axis (503). and / or, The tourmaline oscillator has a table surface, the table surface including an edge that is at an angle between 40 and 50 degrees with respect to the L axis (501) and an edge that is parallel to the TA axis (502) or TS axis (503). and / or, The clock (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that the tourmaline oscillator has a pavilion surface inclined toward the normal vector of the table surface of the piezoelectric oscillator, or the piezoelectric oscillator has a plurality of surfaces on each bottom surface inclined toward the normal vector of the table surface of the piezoelectric oscillator, the plurality of surfaces forming a plurality of protrusions, the protrusions arranged such that the protrusions form a wavy cross-section, and the surface of each protrusion is at an angle between 40 and 50 degrees with respect to a plane parallel to the table surface of the tourmaline oscillator.

22. The clock (100) according to claim 21, wherein the angle (400) is 45 degrees.

23. The clock (100) according to claim 21, wherein the edge of the table surface is at a 45-degree angle with respect to the L-axis (501).

24. The clock (100) according to claim 21, wherein the pavilion angle is between 40 and 50 degrees.

25. The clock (100) according to claim 24, wherein the pavilion angle is 42 degrees or more.

26. The clock (100) according to claim 21, wherein the surface of each of the protrusions is at an angle of 42 degrees or more with respect to a plane parallel to the table surface of the tourmaline oscillator.

27. The clock (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric oscillator is a natural tourmaline oscillator formed from a tourmaline protocrystal having a structure between trigonal and hexagonal crystals.

28. The clock (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric vibrator (2) is rubellite.

29. The piezoelectric vibrator (2) has a vibration frequency in its vibration direction, The clock (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of the vibration frequency is either 8 or 8 and 0.

30. The clock (100) according to claim 29, wherein the vibration frequency is 8888 Hz, 88888 Hz, 888888 Hz, 8888888 Hz, 8 kHz, 88 kHz, 888 kHz, or 8888 kHz.

31. The clock (100) according to claim 29, wherein the piezoelectric oscillator is a tourmaline oscillator having an oscillation frequency of 888888 Hz or 888 kHz, a length (111), a width (112), and a height (113) of 8.88 mm each, and a weight of 8.88 carats.

32. The piezoelectric vibrator (2) has a vibration frequency in its vibration direction, The clock (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration frequency is obtained by repeatedly halving a desired frequency multiple times.

33. The clock (100) according to claim 32, wherein the desired frequency is 1 Hz or 8 Hz.

34. The aforementioned clock includes a frequency divider, The clock (100) according to claim 32, wherein the frequency divider is set to set the vibration frequency of the time generator to a desired frequency.

35. The clock (100) according to claim 34, wherein the desired frequency is 1 Hz or 8 Hz.

36. The clock (100) according to claim 1, further comprising a vibration circuit (115) configured to vibrate the piezoelectric vibrator.

37. The vibration circuit (115) includes a trimmer capacitor for setting the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator (2) by setting the capacitance of the trimmer capacitor using an electrical signal. The clock (100) according to claim 36, wherein the control unit is configured to set the electrical signal according to the temperature of the time generator (1) and / or the temperature of the clock (100) around the time generator (1).

38. The clock (100) according to claim 37, wherein the vibration circuit (115) includes a capacitive diode for setting the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator (2) by setting the capacitance of the capacitive diode according to the electrical signal.

39. The aforementioned clock further includes a gear train, The aforementioned time generation mechanism (10) further includes a mechatronics mechanism (106), The clock (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechatronic mechanism (106) operates using a useful signal based on the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator (2), and the mechatronic mechanism (106) directly or indirectly engages with the gear train (104) in a clock-synchronous manner.

40. The clock (100) according to claim 39, wherein the mechatronic mechanism (106) indirectly engages with the gear train (104), and the clock (100) includes an escapement (105) that engages with the gear train (104) and is driveable by the mechatronic mechanism (106).

41. The clock (100) according to claim 39, wherein the mechatronic mechanism (106) is formed as an actuator.

42. The clock (100) according to claim 41, wherein the actuator has a magnetic armature (107) and a magnetic coil (108), and is configured to actuate the magnetic armature (107) using the useful signal.

43. The clock (100) according to claim 39, characterized in that the mechatronic mechanism (106) is formed as a stepping motor.

44. The clock (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the timekeeping mechanism (10) includes a useful signal generating device that generates a useful signal based on the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator (2).

45. The useful signal generating device has an integrator that counts the clock signal of the time generator (1) or the clock signal generated from the clock signal of the time generator (1), The clock (100) according to claim 44, wherein the useful signal generating device is configured to generate the useful signal when the count value of the clock signal of the counted clock signal of the time generator (1) or the signal based on the clock signal of the time generator (1) is equal to a predetermined count value.

46. The clock (100) according to claim 44, wherein the control unit is configured to correct a predetermined count value according to the temperature of the time generator (1) and / or the temperature of the clock (100) around the time generator (1).

47. The clock (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode (8) is attached to the piezoelectric vibrator (2), or the time generator (1) includes an electrode arrangement (9) having an electrode holder (7), and the electrode (8) is attached to the electrode holder (7).

48. A method for manufacturing a clock (100), A step of providing a time generation mechanism (10) which includes a time generator (1) including a piezoelectric vibrator (2) and an electrode (8), wherein the length (111), width (112), and height (113) of the piezoelectric vibrator (2) are each 1 mm or more, and Steps include: arranging the timekeeping mechanism (10) inside the watch case (11), Includes, The clock (100) has a transparent area (114), The piezoelectric vibrator (2) is formed and arranged within the clock (100) such that it is visible through the transparent region (114) of the clock (100). A method for manufacturing a clock (100), wherein the piezoelectric vibrator functions as a gemstone in the clock (100).

49. The method for manufacturing a watch (100) according to claim 48, wherein the watch (100) is a wristwatch.

50. A method for manufacturing a clock (100) according to claim 48, wherein the length (111), width (112), and height (113) of the piezoelectric vibrator (2) are each 1.5 mm or more.

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