Plumbing fixtures

Abstract

To provide a plumbing component having both good antiviral property and durability.SOLUTION: A plumbing component includes a base material, and a surface layer provided on the base material, wherein the surface layer contains an acrylic resin, particles and an inorganic antiviral agent as main components, the particles are particles containing a (meth)acrylic resin as a main component, the inorganic antiviral agent contains an inorganic carrier and an inorganic active ingredient carried on the inorganic carrier, and a ratio of the volume of the inorganic antiviral agent included in a region (hereinafter referred to as "target region") above the particles at least partially included in a region (hereinafter referred to as "2 μm region") between the outermost surface of the surface layer and a position with a depth of 2 μm in a direction vertical to the base material direction from the outermost surface, to the volume of the region between the outer surface of the surface layer and the position with a depth of 2 μm in a direction vertical to the base material direction from the outermost surface is 20% or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to plumbing components. More specifically, it relates to plumbing components that combine antiviral properties and durability. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, to impart desired functions to plumbing components, a surface layer having the desired function is provided on the surface of the base material of the plumbing component. Pathogens such as viruses may adhere to the surface of plumbing components, and people touch the surface of plumbing components with their hands, therefore good hygiene is required for plumbing components. On the other hand, to maintain hygiene, plumbing components are frequently cleaned, and their surfaces are subjected to loads (e.g., sliding forces) resulting from cleaning. Therefore, plumbing components are required to have the performance (durability) to withstand these loads.

[0003] For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-233946 (Patent Document 1) describes a member having a hydrophilic surface layer formed on a substrate, wherein the surface layer contains particles of a specific size (Claims, etc.). Specifically, the surface layer is described as containing methacrylate having sulfonic acid groups and acrylic resin beads in a coating film mainly composed of acrylic resin (Examples 1 to 5). According to Patent Document 1, particles such as acrylic resin beads impart anti-slip properties to the surface layer (paragraphs 0026, 0029, etc.). Furthermore, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2015-212324 (Patent Document 2) proposes a coating for further improving the hydrophilicity of the surface layer of water-related articles (paragraph 0007, etc.). Specifically, it is proposed that by blending a volatile compound having polymerizable groups and hydrophilic groups (for example, hydroxymethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) with methacrylate having sulfonic acid groups in the coating, the segregation of methacrylate having sulfonic acid groups onto the coating surface is promoted during the coating film manufacturing process, resulting in higher hydrophilicity.

[0004] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-60119 (Patent Document 3) describes a flooring material having an outermost layer, and it is specifically stated that this outermost layer contains urethane acrylate as the main component, inorganic particles (silica particles) and resin beads (urethane beads) as particulate components, and an antibacterial agent (Ag-Cu compound) (paragraph 0062). According to Patent Document 1, the resin beads, which are harder than urethane acrylate, impart abrasion resistance to the flooring material (paragraph 0029, etc.), and the inorganic particles impart a matte finish to the flooring material (paragraph 0025, etc.).

[0005] Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-48412 (Patent Document 4) describes providing an antibacterial protective layer on the surface of a decorative material (Claim 3, etc.), and specifically states that this protective layer includes a polyether-based urethane acrylate as the main component, a spherical filler (silica), and a spherical antibacterial agent (paragraph 0064). According to Patent Document 2, a decorative material with excellent abrasion resistance can be obtained by using spherical fillers and antibacterial agents (paragraph 0007, etc.). Furthermore, according to Figures 2, 3, and 5 of Patent Document 2, it is understood that both the spherical filler and the spherical antibacterial agent exist in a uniformly dispersed state within the protective layer.

[0006] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-202835 (Patent Document 5) describes a decorative panel having an organic resin layer (visible light reflective layer) on a substrate, wherein the organic resin layer contains photocatalyst-supporting particles, some of which are embedded within the layer and the rest are exposed outside the layer, and a visible light-responsive photocatalyst is supported on the exposed surface of the photocatalyst-supporting particles (Claims, Figure 2, etc.). According to Patent Document 3, by embedding a portion of the photocatalyst-supporting particles within the organic resin layer, adhesion between the organic resin layer and the photocatalyst-supporting particles is ensured, and by exposing the rest of the photocatalyst-supporting particles outside the organic resin layer and supporting a visible light-responsive photocatalyst on the exposed surface, it is possible to suppress the shedding of the visible light-responsive photocatalyst while enabling the stable expression of antiviral function (Paragraph 0015, etc.). [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-233946 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2015-212324 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-60119 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-48412 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-202835 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0008] The inventors of this invention aimed to realize a novel configuration that can further impart antiviral properties to a surface layer containing (meth)acrylic resin and (meth)acrylic particles, taking into consideration the various performance requirements for plumbing components. However, they discovered a novel problem: simply adding an inorganic antiviral agent to the surface layer did not provide sufficient antiviral properties. They also confirmed that the surface's protrusions were worn away by sliding, reducing its slip resistance. To address these issues, the inventors discovered that by segregating the inorganic antiviral agent near the surface of the surface layer, specifically by segregating the inorganic antiviral agent on or above the surface of the (meth)acrylic particles, it is possible to improve the durability of the surface layer and impart good antiviral properties to it. This invention is based on these findings.

[0009] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a water-related component that combines good antiviral properties with durability. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] Furthermore, the plumbing component according to the present invention is It includes a base material and a surface layer provided on the base material, The surface layer contains a (meth)acrylic resin, particles, and an inorganic antiviral agent. The particles are particles made of a (meth)acrylic resin. The inorganic antiviral agent contains an inorganic carrier and an inorganic active ingredient supported on the inorganic carrier. In a region between the outermost surface of the surface layer and a position 2 μm deep perpendicular to the substrate direction from the outermost surface (hereinafter referred to as the "2-μm region"), and in an upper region of the particles at least a part of which is included in the 2-μm region (hereinafter referred to as the "target region"), the ratio of the volume of the inorganic antiviral agent contained in the target region to the volume of the target region is 20% or more.

Advantages of the Invention

[0011] [[ID=I2]] According to the present invention, a water-related member having both good antiviral properties and durability is provided.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] [Figure 1] It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the water-related member according to the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a conceptual diagram for explaining the "2-μm region" and the "specific region" in the surface layer included in the water-related member according to the present invention. [Figure 3] It is a cross-sectional observation image of the sample of Example 1. [Figure 4] It is a cross-sectional observation image of the sample of Comparative Example 1.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013] Plumbing fixtures An example of the water-related member according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The water-related member 1 includes a substrate 2 and a surface layer 3 provided on the substrate 2. The surface layer 3 contains a (meth)acrylic resin 4, particles 5, and an inorganic antiviral agent 6.

[0014] surface layer The surface layer 3 is described below.

[0015] State of existence of inorganic antiviral agents on the surface layer In the present invention, the ratio of the volume of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the target region to the volume of the region above the particle 5, which is located between the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer and a position perpendicular to the surface layer 7 in the direction of the substrate at a depth of 2 μm (hereinafter referred to as the "2 μm region"), and in which at least a part of the particle 5 is included within the 2 μm region (hereinafter referred to as the "target region"), is 20% or more. Preferably, it is 30% or more. This makes it possible for the inorganic antiviral agent 6 to exist in a high volume fraction on or above the surface of the particle 5, that is, in a region near the surface of the surface layer 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that in the surface layer 3, the inorganic antiviral agent 6 exists in a high volume fraction so as to cover the particle 5 in the region between the particle 5 and the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer.

[0016] The inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the region between the particle 5 and the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3 has a volume ratio of 20% or more, which allows the surface layer 3 to exhibit good antiviral properties. Furthermore, since the inorganic antiviral agent 6 has an active ingredient supported on an inorganic carrier, it has high hardness due to the inorganic carrier. Therefore, because the inorganic antiviral agent 6 with high hardness is present in a high volume ratio on or above the surface of the particle 5, it is also possible to improve the durability of the surface layer 3. Thus, the water-related component 1 according to the present invention can combine good antiviral properties and durability.

[0017] <Method for confirming the presence of inorganic antiviral agents on the surface layer> The presence of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 on the surface layer 3 can be confirmed by analyzing scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the cross-section of the water-related component 1. For example, the presence can be confirmed by the following method.

[0018] <Cross-sectional observation> Cut the plumbing component 1 to an appropriate size and sandwich it with a BUEHLER UniClip. Then, attach transparent packing tape (3M Japan, Scotch 315) to one side of the holder of the Sankei embedded clearing ring (outer diameter: 1.25 inches), and place the clip holding the sample vertically in the part of the holder where the tape is attached. Pour a mixture of Kemet Japan Technovit main agent and Kemet Japan Technovit hardener in a 1:2 ratio into the holder where the sample is placed and stir. After that, degassing treatment is performed. Specifically, place it in a vacuum chamber, reduce the pressure with a ULVAC G-50SA vacuum pump, and leave it to stand for 5 minutes in an environment of 0.09 MPa pressure. After that, leave it to stand for 16 hours in an environment of 30°C to cure. The cured epoxy resin in which the sample is embedded (hereinafter referred to as the embedding resin) is removed from the holder and polished to a thickness of approximately 2 mm using #600 abrasive paper on a polishing machine (PRESI Mecatech250) to expose the sample from the embedding resin. Then, the sample is buffed with an aqueous solution containing diamond particles (9 μm), then buffed with an aqueous solution containing diamond particles (3 μm), and then buffed with an aqueous solution containing alumina abrasive (φ0.5 μm) to obtain a mirror-finish cross-section of the sample.

[0019] The obtained mirror cross-section is observed using a desktop scanning electron microscope (JEOL JCM-7000). A backscattered electron image is captured with the interface between the surface layer and the substrate positioned below the observed image and horizontal to the observed image, thereby obtaining an observed image of the cross-section. Using this observed image of the cross-section, the volume ratio of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the region between the particle 5 and the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3 is determined.

[0020] <Volume ratio of inorganic antiviral agents present in the region between the particles and the outermost surface layer> In the present invention, the volume ratio of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the region between the particle 5 and the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3 is calculated using the cross-sectional observation image obtained from the above cross-sectional observation, as described below. Specifically, it is defined by the area ratio (c') of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the region between the particle 5 and the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3. That is, the area ratio of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the region between the particle 5 and the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3 in the cross-sectional observation image is considered to be the volume ratio of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the region between the particle 5 and the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3 in the (actual) surface layer 3.

[0021] The method for calculating the area ratio (c') is explained below. First, in the cross-sectional observation image, the region between the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3 and a position 2 μm deep perpendicular to the substrate direction from the outermost surface 7 (the 2 μm region) is identified. Next, particles that are included in at least a portion of the 2 μm region are identified (hereinafter also referred to as "specific particles"). Then, the area (a) of the region within the 2 μm region and above the specific particles, that is, the region from the surface of the specific particles that is included in the 2 μm region to the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3 (the target region), is determined. Figure 2 shows conceptual diagrams of the 2 μm region and the target region. Furthermore, the area (b) of all inorganic antiviral agents 6 present in the target region is determined.

[0022] Here, in the cross-sectional observation image, the target region is binarized into black and white based on brightness, and the white areas are determined to be regions where the inorganic antiviral agent 6 is present. In the cross-sectional observation image, the inorganic antiviral agent 6 appears whiter compared to the (meth)acrylic resin 4 and particles 5 contained in the surface layer 3. Therefore, by adjusting the binarization threshold so that the inorganic antiviral agent 6 can be identified by visual inspection, the sum of the areas of the white-looking regions can be determined to be the area (b) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the target region.

[0023] The ratio (c) of the area (b) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the target region to the area (a) of the target region is calculated using the following formula (1). c(%)=b / a×100 Formula (1)

[0024] Furthermore, the above cross-sectional observation is performed on one sample in three fields of view. For each of the three cross-sectional images obtained from these three fields of view observations, calculations are performed using equation (1) to obtain three (c) values. The average value (c') of these values ​​is taken as the ratio of the area of ​​the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the target region to the area of ​​the target region.

[0025] Surface segregation rate of inorganic antiviral agents In the present invention, it is preferable that the inorganic antiviral agent 6 is segregated with a high volume fraction near the surface of the surface layer 3. For example, it is more preferable that the total volume of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the upper half region of the surface layer 3 is 70% or more, and even more preferable that it is 75% or more, of the total volume of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the entire region of the surface layer 3. This makes it possible to further enhance the antiviral properties and durability of the surface layer 3. In the present invention, the ratio of the total volume of inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the upper half of the surface layer 3 to the total volume of inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the entire surface layer 3 is defined by the surface segregation rate (f) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6, which is calculated using the cross-sectional observation image obtained from the above cross-sectional observation. That is, the surface segregation rate (area %) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 in the cross-sectional observation image is considered to be the surface segregation rate (volume %) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 in the (actual) surface layer 3.

[0026] <Surface segregation rate (f) of inorganic antiviral agents> The surface segregation rate (f) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 is calculated using the following formula (2) as the ratio of the total area (e) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained on the surface side of the surface layer 3 to the total area (d) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the entire surface layer 3 in the cross-sectional observation image obtained from the above cross-sectional observation. f(%)=e / d×100 Formula (2)

[0027] The area (d) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the entire surface layer 3 is determined as follows: In the cross-sectional observation image obtained from the above cross-sectional observation, the upper end of the surface layer 3 is determined by visual inspection as the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3, and the lower end of the surface layer 3 is determined as the backmost surface of the surface layer 3. In the region between the outermost surface 7 and the backmost surface of the surface layer 3, the region corresponding to the inorganic antiviral agent 6 is extracted by visual inspection, and the sum of the areas of the extracted regions is taken as the area (d) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the entire surface layer 3.

[0028] The area (e) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained on the surface side of the surface layer 3 is determined as follows: In the cross-sectional observation image, perpendicular lines are drawn from each point (e.g., each pixel) on the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3 to the outermost surface of the surface layer 3, and the midpoints of each perpendicular line are extracted. The line connecting these midpoints is defined as the central plane of the surface layer 3. Next, the region between the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3 and the central plane of the surface layer 3 is defined as the surface side region of the surface layer 3. This surface side region of the surface layer 3 is binarized into black and white based on brightness, and the white areas are identified as regions where the inorganic antiviral agent 6 is present and extracted visually. The area of ​​the extracted white areas is measured, and the sum of these areas is defined as the area (e) of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained on the surface side of the surface layer 3.

[0029] Components contained in the surface layer The following describes each component contained in surface layer 3.

[0030] (Meth)acrylic resin (Meth)acrylic resin 4 refers to a resin having (meth)acrylic groups or a resin obtained by further polymerization of (meth)acrylic resin. In this invention, "(meth)acrylic" means acrylic and methacrylic. (Meth)acrylic resin 4 may be, for example, polymethyl methacrylate resin, (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer polymer, methacrylic acid ester copolymer polymer, reactive urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, reactive urethane (meth)acrylate polymer, reactive (meth)acrylic polymer, etc.

[0031] The presence of (meth)acrylic resin in the surface layer can be confirmed by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Specifically, the surface layer is scraped off and analyzed using FT-IR. The following are known to be typical peaks observed with FT-IR. From these peaks, it is possible to determine whether (meth)acrylic resin is present. 2990cm -1 : Methyl group CH asymmetric stretching 2950cm -1 : Methyl group CH symmetrical stretching 1725cm -1 : Ester group C=O stretching vibration 1435cm -1 : Methylene group CH symmetry angle (scissors) 1145cm -1 : Ester group CO stretch 750cm -1 : Methylene group CH asymmetric in-plane angle deformation (lateral oscillation) Since FT-IR is affected by the components contained in the surface layer, accuracy can be improved by analyzing it using GC-MS. The mass spectrum obtained by GC-MS is compared with a peak library and analyzed. In this way, it is possible to determine whether or not the surface layer contains (meth)acrylic resin.

[0032] The amount of (meth)acrylic resin 4 contained in the surface layer 3 is preferably 30% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less. This makes it possible to create a highly durable surface layer.

[0033] The method for calculating the amount of (meth)acrylic resin 4 contained in the surface layer 3 is explained below. First, a sample containing the surface layer 3 is embedded in epoxy resin and polished to obtain a mirror cross-section of the surface layer 3. A single field of view is captured using a scanning electron microscope (for example, JEOL JCM-7000 desktop scanning electron microscope) to obtain an observation image. This observation image of the surface layer 3 is saved as an electronic file in grayscale 24-bit BMP format. The number of pixels of the surface layer 3 in the saved observation image is calculated. Next, the number of pixels of each particle 5 and each inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the surface layer 3 is calculated. Using these calculated pixel counts, the amount (area %) of (meth)acrylic resin 4 contained in the surface layer 3 is calculated from the following formula. Amount of (meth)acrylic resin 4 [area %] = (number of pixels of each particle 5 + number of pixels of each inorganic antiviral agent 6) / number of pixels of surface layer 3 × 100

[0034] In carrying out the above, in the grayscale SEM image, the inorganic antiviral agent 6 appears whiter compared to the (meth)acrylic resin 4 contained in the surface layer 3, so the white areas are identified as the inorganic antiviral agent 6. Also, since the particles 5 appear blacker compared to the (meth)acrylic resin 4 contained in the surface layer 3, the black areas are identified as particles 5. The number of black pixels (particles 5) and white pixels (inorganic antiviral agent 6) are counted.

[0035] particle The particles 5 contained in the surface layer 3 are made of (meth)acrylic resin. This improves the adhesion between the (meth)acrylic resin 4 and the particles 5. In other words, it prevents the (meth)acrylic resin 4 or particles 5 from detaching from the surface layer 3. As a result, the overall durability of the surface layer 3 can be improved. The particles 5 are sometimes also referred to as "(meth)acrylic particles 5".

[0036] The (meth)acrylic resin constituting particle 5 refers to a resin having (meth)acrylic groups or a resin obtained by further polymerization of (meth)acrylic resin, similar to (meth)acrylic resin 4. The (meth)acrylic resin constituting particle 5 may be, for example, polymethyl methacrylate resin, (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer polymer, (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer polymer, reactive urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, reactive urethane (meth)acrylate polymer, reactive (meth)acrylic polymer, etc.

[0037] The shape of the (meth)acrylic particles 5 may be spherical, ellipsoidal, geometric, rod-shaped, fibrous, or irregular. Among these, a spherical shape is preferred. This allows the surface shape of the surface layer to be rounded. As a result, it is possible to suppress snagging of objects on the surface layer, for example, when brushes, sponges, cloths, etc. are slid over it during cleaning. Consequently, the durability of the surface layer can be improved.

[0038] The volume-average particle diameter of the (meth)acrylic particles 5 is preferably larger than the volume-average particle diameter of the inorganic carrier contained in the inorganic antiviral agent 6 described later. This makes it easier for the inorganic antiviral agent 6 to be present on or above the surface of the (meth)acrylic particles 5 in the surface layer 3, enabling the surface layer 3 to possess both antiviral properties and durability. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the average volume particle diameter of the (meth)acrylic particles 5 is at least twice the average volume particle diameter of the inorganic carrier contained in the inorganic antiviral agent 6. This makes it easier for the inorganic antiviral agent 6 to be present on or above the surface of the (meth)acrylic particles 5, thereby further improving the antiviral properties and durability of the surface layer 3.

[0039] The volume-average particle size of the (meth)acrylic particles 5 is preferably larger than the film thickness of the surface layer 3, which will be described later. This makes it possible to obtain the anti-slip properties and aesthetic appeal required for the water-related component 1.

[0040] The amount of (meth)acrylic particles 5 contained in the surface layer 3 is preferably 10% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less. This makes it possible for the surface layer 3 to exhibit durability while ensuring good slip resistance and aesthetic appeal (for example, a uniform, matte finish).

[0041] Inorganic antiviral agents The inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the surface layer 3 comprises an inorganic carrier and an inorganic active ingredient supported on the inorganic carrier. Such an inorganic antiviral agent 6 is preferable for bathroom fixtures with a surface layer that people touch with their hands, etc., because it has lower skin irritation than organic antiviral agents.

[0042] Inorganic carriers that can be used include zeolite, (calcium) apatite, zirconia, zirconium phosphate, calcium phosphate, zinc calcium phosphate, silica gel, calcium silicate, magnesium aluminosilicate, titanium dioxide, potassium titanate, silica, alumina, soluble glass, and thiosulfite.

[0043] As inorganic active ingredients, metal ions can be used, such as silver ions, copper(I) ions, copper(II) ions, zinc ions, gold ions, cobalt ions, nickel ions, palladium ions, iron(III) ions, aluminum(III) ions, zirconium(II) ions, manganese(II) ions, barium(II) ions, calcium(II) ions, and sodium ions. Of these, silver ions, copper(I) ions, copper(II) ions, and zinc ions are preferred, with silver ions being more preferred. Silver ions can exhibit antiviral activity in smaller amounts compared to other metal ions.

[0044] Preferably, the volume-average particle size of the inorganic carrier contained in the inorganic antiviral agent 6 is smaller than the volume-average particle size of the (meth)acrylic particles 5. This makes it easier for the inorganic antiviral agent 6 to be present on or above the (meth)acrylic particles 5 in the surface layer 3, enabling the surface layer 3 to possess both antiviral properties and durability. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the average volume particle diameter of the inorganic carrier contained in the inorganic antiviral agent 6 is half or less of the average volume particle diameter of the (meth)acrylic particles 5. This makes it easier for the inorganic antiviral agent 6 to be present on or above the (meth)acrylic particles 5, thereby further improving the antiviral properties and durability of the surface layer 3.

[0045] The amount of inorganic antiviral agent 6 contained in the entire surface layer 3 is more preferably 0.3% by weight or more and 4% by weight or less. This allows the inorganic antiviral agent 6 to exist on or above the surface layer 3 in a desired volume percentage while exhibiting good antiviral properties. As a result, the surface layer 3 can possess both antiviral properties and durability. Furthermore, discoloration of the surface layer 3 can be suppressed.

[0046] The amount of the active ingredient supported on the inorganic support is preferably, for example, 0.2% by mass or more.

[0047] Other ingredients Sulfonic acid group or sulfonic acid base In the present invention, it is preferable that the surface layer contains sulfonic acid groups or sulfonic acid bases at least on its surface. This makes it possible to impart hydrophilicity to the surface layer. As a result, drainage and drying properties are improved, the adhesion of dirt such as limescale due to residual water is suppressed, and the adhesion of oil can also be suppressed. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface layer contains sulfonic acid groups or sulfonic acid bases on its surface. According to a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface layer contains more sulfonic acid groups or sulfonic acid bases on its surface than in its interior. That is, it is more preferable that the sulfonic acid groups or sulfonic acid bases are segregated on the surface of the surface layer. Compounds that provide sulfonic acid groups or sulfonic acid bases to the surface layer will be described later.

[0048] Surface properties of the surface layer In the present invention, since the surface layer 3 has the above-described structure, it can have the following surface characteristics.

[0049] <Hardness> In this invention, the hardness of the surface layer can be expressed using pencil hardness as an indicator. The pencil hardness of the surface layer is preferably 1H or higher, and more preferably 5H or higher. This makes it possible to increase the durability of the surface layer. Therefore, even if cleaning by sliding is repeated, damage to the surface of the surface layer can be prevented. The pencil hardness of the surface layer can be measured according to the scratch hardness (pencil method) JIS K 5600-5-4.

[0050] <Surface roughness> In the present invention, the surface roughness (Ra) of the surface layer is preferably 0.1 or higher, and more preferably 2.0 or higher. This provides a surface with high slip resistance. Furthermore, although the surface of the surface layer becomes uneven, making it easier for stress to be placed on it during sliding, in the present invention, since the inorganic antiviral agent 6 is present on or above the surface of the (meth)acrylic particles 5, good durability that can withstand such stress is also obtained.

[0051] The surface roughness (Ra) of the surface layer can be measured using, for example, a stylus-type surface roughness measuring instrument (SURFCOM 15OODX, manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.). The measurement conditions can be as follows. (Measurement conditions) Measurement type: Roughness measurement Measurement length: 10mm Cutoff wavelength: 0.25 mm Measurement range: ±128.0 μm Speed: 0.3mm / s Cutoff type: Gaussian

[0052] <Slip resistance when wet> Because the surface layer has the above-described structure, it has good slip resistance. For example, the slip resistance of surface layer 3 can be evaluated using the slip resistance of the surface layer when wet as an indicator. For example, 2 mL of deionized water can be dropped onto the surface of the surface layer using a dropper, and the slip resistance when wet can be evaluated by pressing the palm of a hand against it.

[0053] <Design property> Since the surface layer has the above-described configuration, it has good design properties. For example, it is possible to ensure a uniform and matte design property. The design property can be evaluated, for example, by measuring the glossiness. Specifically, it can be evaluated by measuring the glossiness at 60° of the surface layer using a gloss meter (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. VG7000). Also, the appearance of the surface layer (such as the presence or absence of dullness and luster) may be visually evaluated.

[0054] Film thickness of the surface layer The film thickness of the surface layer 3 may be appropriately determined according to the use of the water-related member 1. In the present invention, the film thickness of the surface layer 3 is preferably 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less. When the film thickness is 20 μm or less, sedimentation of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 during the production of the surface layer can be suppressed, and the inorganic antiviral agent 6 can be easily present near the surface of the surface layer. When the film thickness is 5 μm or more, it becomes easy to form a uniform film.

[0055] <Method for measuring the film thickness of the surface layer> The film thickness t of the surface layer 3 can be calculated from the weight of the surface layer. First, the initial weight of the base material is measured. Next, the weight of the water-related member after forming the surface layer 3 on the base material, that is, the weight of the water-related member, is measured. The weight of the base material is subtracted from the weight of the water-related member to obtain the weight of the surface layer 3. Here, assuming that the surface layer 3 is uniformly formed on the base material, the film thickness (t) of the surface layer 3 is calculated from the following formula. Film thickness t (μm) of surface layer 3 = Weight (g) of surface layer 3 ÷ Surface area (cm 2 ) of the surface of the base material ÷ Density (g / cm 3 ) of surface layer 3 × 10 4

[0056] The film thickness t of the surface layer can also be obtained by a method other than the above measurement method. For example, methods such as observing and measuring the cross-section of the water-related member 1 with a microscope, and measuring with a reflectance film thickness meter can be mentioned. The following are examples of methods for observing and measuring the cross-section of the plumbing component 1 using a microscope. The surface layer 3 is identified in the cross-section of the plumbing component 1 to be evaluated. For example, the surface layer 3 is prepared by polishing or other means until the boundary line between the surface layer 3 and other layers (substrate 2 or intermediate layer) can be distinguished. The cross-section obtained by polishing can be observed with a microscopic observation device, and the thickness of the surface layer 3 can be measured. If the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer and the interface between the surface layer 3 and, for example, the substrate 2 have poor linearity, making it difficult to determine the distance between the interfaces, the thickness of the surface layer 3 may be measured by dividing the area of ​​the cross-section of the surface layer 3 included in the observation image by the length of a straight line approximating the interface between the surface layer 3 and the substrate 2 in the observation image. Alternatively, in order to determine and use the length of the interface between the surface layer 3 and the substrate, when obtaining an observation image with microscopic observation, the observation image may be taken in a state where the interface between the surface layer 3 and the substrate 2, and a straight line approximating the interface, are horizontal in the observation image. Microscopic observation methods used for observation include, for example, optical microscopes, digital microscopes, SEM (scanning electron microscopes), TEM (transmission electron microscopes), and EDS / EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) mapping. In particular, observation using backscattered electron images with an SEM is suitable for the above observations because it can easily capture material differences within the surface layer 3 with high resolution.

[0057] In the present invention, it is preferable that the (meth)acrylic particles 5 are embedded in the surface layer 3. This makes it possible to obtain durability while ensuring the slip resistance and aesthetic appeal of the surface layer.

[0058] Composition for forming a surface layer A composition for forming the surface layer 3 will now be described. The composition preferably contains a film-forming component, particles 5, and an inorganic antiviral agent 6. The film-forming component is a (meth)acrylic monomer, oligomer, or polymer that hardens to become a (meth)acrylic resin 4. The particles 5 and the inorganic antiviral agent 6 have already been described. <Membrane-forming components> In the present invention, it is preferable to use a polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomer, oligomer, or polymer having three or more functional groups in one molecule as the film-forming component. This makes it possible to form a three-dimensional highly crosslinked coating film of the cured product of the composition (i.e., "surface layer 3"). As a result, surface layer 3 can have good durability. It is more preferable that the polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomer, oligomer, or polymer has five or more functional groups. This makes the coating film more highly crosslinked, improving the durability of surface layer 3.

[0059] In the present invention, the film-forming component preferably contains 10% by weight or more of a polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomer, oligomer, or polymer having three or more functional groups in one molecule, and more preferably 20% by weight or more. This enhances the durability of the surface layer.

[0060] In the present invention, the functional group is preferably an ethylenically unsaturated group. Ethylenelycol is highly reactive and can increase the hardness of the surface layer. The ethylenically unsaturated group is preferably a vinyl group, an acryloyl group, or a methacryloyl group, and more preferably an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group.

[0061] Examples of (meth)acrylic monomers (oligomers) having three or more functional groups include ethoxylated isocyanuric acid triacrylate, ε-caprolactone-modified tris-(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, ethoxylated glycerin triacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, polytetramethylene glycol diacrylate, glycerin triacrylate ethoxylate, and dipentaerythritol polyacrylate.

[0062] <Solvent> In the present invention, the composition may contain a solvent to improve wettability to the substrate or to adjust the viscosity of the composition. For example, the composition preferably contains about 60% by weight of a solvent. Examples of such solvents, from the viewpoint of compatibility with other compounds contained in the composition, include, but are not limited to, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, IPA (isopropanol), and n-butanol; cellosolves such as methoxyethanol and methoxypropanol; ketones such as acetone and MEK (methyl ethyl ketone); ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, THF (tetrahydrofuran), toluene, PEGMEA (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate), DMF (N,N'-dimethylformamide); and water. Multiple types of solvents may be mixed and used as needed.

[0063] <Polymerization initiator> In the present invention, as described later, it is preferable that the composition contains a polymerization initiator in order to cure (polymerize) the uncured film of the composition. When curing (polymerizing) the uncured film of the composition by heat, the composition may contain known radical polymerization initiators, curing catalysts, polymerization accelerators, etc. As thermal polymerization initiators, for example, azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, benzoyl peroxide, etc. may be used. When curing (polymerizing) the uncured film of the composition with radiation, such as active energy rays like ultraviolet light or visible light, the composition may contain known photopolymerization initiators. For example, benzophenone, (±)-camphorquinone, acetophenone, 4'-hydroxyacetophenone, 3-methylbenzophenone, 1,4-dibenzoylbenzene, 1-benzoylcyclohexanol, 2-chlorothioxanthone, etc. are used. A mixture of 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone and benzophenone in a weight ratio of 1:1 is preferred as the photopolymerization initiator.

[0064] <Curing catalyst> In the present invention, the composition may contain a curing catalyst. Examples include dinonylnaphthalene disulfonic acid catalysts, dinonylnaphthalene (mono)sulfonic acid catalysts, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid catalysts, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid catalysts (blocked acid catalysts), p-toluenesulfonic acid catalysts (blocked acid catalysts), phosphoric acid catalysts, phosphoric acid blocked catalysts, and tin catalysts.

[0065] <Other ingredients> Compounds having a sulfonic acid group or a sulfonic acid base In the present invention, the composition may include, for example, a compound having a sulfonic acid group or sulfonic acid base and at least one ethylenically unsaturated group in its molecule, as a compound that provides a sulfonic acid group or sulfonic acid base to the surface layer. Specifically, examples include sodium or potassium salts of 2-((meth)acryloyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid, 3-((meth)acryloyloxy)propane-1-sulfonic acid, and acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid. Preferably, linear alkyl sulfonic acids having a (meth)acryloyloxy group and their salts, such as 2-((meth)acryloyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid and potassium 3-((meth)acryloyloxy)propane-1-sulfonic acid (potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate). Furthermore, compounds having a sulfonic acid group or a sulfonic acid base and at least one ethylenically unsaturated group in the molecule can also be used, such as methacrylic sulfonic acid, sodium or potassium salts of p-styrene sulfonic acid, alkyl sulfosuccinate alkenyl ether salts, polyoxyethylene (meth)acrylate sulfate salts, alkyl sulfosuccinate alkenyl ester salts, and glycerol-1-allyl-3-alkylphenyl-2-polyoxyethylene sulfate.

[0066] Volatile compounds In the present invention, the composition may include, for example, a volatile compound having a smaller molecular weight than the above-mentioned compounds containing sulfonic acid groups or sulfonic acid bases, and having one ethylenically unsaturated group and one hydrophilic group in its molecule, as a compound capable of segregating sulfonic acid groups or sulfonic acid bases on the surface of the surface layer. Specifically, examples include hydroxymethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and its structural isomers, hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate and its structural isomers, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acryloylmorpholine, N-vinylformamide, (meth)acrylic acid, etc. Among these, hydroxymethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, and (meth)acrylic acid are preferred from the viewpoint of compatibility with compounds containing sulfonic acid groups or sulfonic acid bases.

[0067] pigment In the present invention, the composition may contain pigments. For example, it may contain zinc oxide, lead white, lithopone, titanium dioxide, precipitated barium sulfate and palite powder, red lead, iron oxide red, lead yellow, zinc yellow (zinc yellow type 1, zinc yellow type 2), ultramarine blue, Prussian blue (potassium iron ferrocyanide), carbon black, and the like.

[0068] UV absorber In the present invention, the composition may contain an ultraviolet absorber. For example, it may contain ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, octyl methoxycinnamate, ethylhexyl paramethoxycinnamate, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, t-butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, octyl triazone, octocrylene, and the like.

[0069] Method for preparing the surface layer In the present invention, the method for producing the surface layer 3 is not particularly limited as long as it is a method that can segregate the inorganic antiviral agent 6 near the surface of the surface layer 3 in a high volume ratio. For example, it can be produced by the following method.

[0070] <Preparation of base material> First, prepare the substrate 2. If necessary, perform pretreatment on the substrate surface. For example, an intermediate layer may be formed on the substrate surface.

[0071] <Coating process> Next, a composition for forming a surface layer is applied to the substrate 2. As the composition, for example, a composition containing a film-forming component, particles 5, and an inorganic antiviral agent 6 can be used, as described above. Alternatively, two types of compositions can be prepared and applied separately. In this case, first, composition C1 without an inorganic antiviral agent is applied to form a (wet) coating of composition C1. Then, composition C2 containing an inorganic antiviral agent is applied on the (wet) coating of composition C1 to form a (wet) coating of composition C2. According to one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the composition C1 applied in the first layer contains only the film-forming component described later and (meth)acrylic particles 5, and the composition C2 applied in the second layer contains only the film-forming component and an inorganic antiviral agent 6. Furthermore, according to another aspect of the present invention, two or more (meth)acrylic particles 5 with different volume-average particle diameters may be prepared, two or more compositions containing each of them may be prepared, and the compositions containing the (meth)acrylic particles 5 with the largest volume-average particle diameter may be applied two or more times in sequence, arranging the (meth)acrylic particles 5 to physically suppress the sedimentation of the inorganic antiviral agent 6, and then the compositions containing the inorganic antiviral agent 6 may be applied. This makes it more certain that the inorganic antiviral agent 6 will be segregated near the surface of the surface layer 3 at a high volume ratio. In the present invention, known methods such as brush coating, spray coating, dip coating, spin coating, and curtain coating can be used as methods for applying the composition to a substrate.

[0072] <Drying process> Next, the (wet) coatings of the compositions formed on the substrate 2 (if two types of compositions are applied, the (wet) coatings of composition C1 and composition C2) are dried to obtain an uncured film. At this time, it is sufficient to dry the (wet) coatings, and if necessary, they may be dried by heating. By (heating) drying, the solvent and, if applicable, volatile compounds contained in the (wet) coatings are volatilized.

[0073] As for the heating and drying method, known methods such as drying by infrared radiation or hot air can be used. The heating temperature is usually room temperature to 200°C, preferably 35°C to 150°C, and more preferably 40°C to 100°C. The drying time may be appropriately determined within a range that allows sufficient volatilization of the solvent.

[0074] <Curing process> Next, the uncured film is cured. That is, the film-forming component (a compound containing a sulfonic acid group or a sulfonic acid base, depending on the case) is copolymerized. As a curing method, known methods such as thermosetting, active energy ray curing, or a combination thereof can be used.

[0075] When polymerization curing is performed by thermal curing, the polymerization initiator described above can be used. Furthermore, as for the heating method, known methods such as heating by infrared radiation or hot air can be used, similar to the drying process of the (wet) coated material described earlier. In the case of thermal curing, the drying process and curing process of the (wet) coated material can also be performed simultaneously in a single step.

[0076] When polymerization curing is performed using active energy rays, the radiation can be visible light in the 400-800 nm range, ultraviolet light below 400 nm, or electron beams, but ultraviolet light is preferred because it allows polymerization to be performed simply and in a short time. When curing is performed using ultraviolet light, a known photopolymerization initiator is used. Examples of ultraviolet light sources include low-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, xenon lamps, gallium lamps, metal halide lamps, ultraviolet lasers, deep ultraviolet LED lamps, and sunlight. The irradiation atmosphere may be in the atmosphere or under an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.

[0077] Performance of plumbing components Antiviral As described above, the plumbing component according to the present invention has good antiviral properties. In the present invention, the antiviral properties of the plumbing component 1 (i.e., the surface layer 3) are preferably such that the antiviral activity value obtained by the following test method in accordance with JIS R1756 (2020) dark place is 2 or higher. <Method for evaluating antiviral activity> The antiviral properties of water-related component 1 will be evaluated according to JIS R1756 (2020) in the dark. Specifically, an antiviral test will be conducted using bacteriophage Qβ, and the antiviral activity value (V) in the dark will be calculated using the following formula. Antiviral activity value: V = Log10 (UV / TV) TV: Bacteriophage infectivity titer (pfu) 24 hours after bacteriophage solution administration. UV: Bacteriophage infectivity titer (pfu) immediately after bacteriophage droplet application.

[0078] durability As described above, the plumbing components according to the present invention have high durability. In the present invention, durability refers to the ability to sufficiently withstand the load applied when sliding a brush, sponge, cloth, etc., across the surface of the surface layer 3 during cleaning. The durability of the surface layer can be evaluated, for example, as follows. A sample of a water-related component is fixed to a wear and friction tester (Tester Industries Co., Ltd. AB-504 Washability Tester). Next, an appropriate amount of detergent is dropped into the center of the sample. A brush or similar object is fixed to the tester, a weight is placed on the brush, and the brush is slid over the sample. Subsequently, the surface of the sample is observed with an SEM, and the wear state can be evaluated, for example, based on the degree of chipping of (meth)acrylic particles 5.

[0079] Applications of plumbing components The plumbing components according to the present invention are used, for example, in toilets, bathrooms, kitchens, vanity units, etc. Specifically, they are used as bathroom wall materials, bathroom floor materials, bathroom counters, bathtubs, bathtub rims, bathroom window materials, bathroom door materials, shower booth wall materials, bathroom mirrors, vanity units, washbasins, kitchen counters, kitchen doors, storage shelves, storage boards, toilets, toilet seats, bidet toilet seats and their washing nozzles, drains, faucets, range hood materials, etc., but are not limited to these.

[0080] Base material for plumbing fixtures In the present invention, the base material 2 of the water-related component 1 is not particularly limited. Examples of materials for the base material 2 include metal, glass, resin, paper, and wood-based materials. Among these, a resin material is preferred. Examples of resin materials include thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins. As a thermosetting resin, one or more selected from urea resin, melamine resin, phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, and silicon resin can be used. As the thermoplastic resin, one or more can be selected from polypropylene resin (PP), polyethylene resin (PE), polyacetal resin (POM), polybutylene terephthalate resin (PBT), polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC), polystyrene resin (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer resin (ABS), polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS), polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET), polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA), polyamide resin (PA), polyether ether ketone resin (PEEK), polytrimethylene terephthalate resin (PTT), polycarbonate resin (PC), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (tetrafluoroethylene resin). In the present invention, it is preferable to use a thermoplastic resin as the resin. More preferably, it is preferable to use one or more selected from PP, PE, POM, PBT, PVC, ABS, PPS, PET, PMMA, PA, and PC as the resin. Of these, one or more selected from PP, POM, PBT, ABS, and PMMA are preferred. In the present invention, since the surface layer 3 contains (meth)acrylic resin 4, the acrylic resin material substrate 2 has good affinity (e.g., adhesion) with the surface layer 3. Furthermore, the shape of the substrate 2 is not particularly limited and can be a planar shape or a three-dimensional shape.

[0081] In the present invention, the surface layer 3 may be formed directly on the surface of the substrate 2, or another layer may be formed between the substrate 2 and the surface layer 3. For example, an intermediate layer may be formed between the substrate 2 and the surface layer 3 to enhance adhesion. [Examples]

[0082] The present invention will be specifically described based on the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0083] 1. Preparation <particle> The following three types of particles were prepared. • Organic particle 1: (meth)acrylic particles with a volume-average particle diameter of 6 μm • Organic particles 2: (meth)acrylic particles with a volume-average particle diameter of 19 μm • Organic particles 3: (meth)acrylic particles with a volume-average particle diameter of 35 μm

[0084] <Inorganic antiviral agents> An inorganic antiviral agent was prepared by supporting 0.2% by mass of silver ions on zirconium phosphate (volume-average particle size: 1.5 μm) as an inorganic carrier.

[0085] <Base material> An acrylic sheet with PMMA as the main component (size: 100mm x 100mm x 2mm, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Acrylite EX®) was prepared (substrate S).

[0086] <Paint> A solution containing 26.5 g of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate as a film-forming component, 11.5 g of an acrylic oligomer having three or more ethylene groups, 0.6 g of a mixture of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and benzophenone in a weight ratio of 1:1 as a photopolymerization initiator, and 44 g of 2-methoxyethanol as a solvent was stirred with a stirrer for 60 minutes to prepare paint 1.

[0087] 2. Preparation of the composition Paint 1 and the materials shown in Table 1 below were mixed in the amounts shown in the table to obtain a solution. The mixture was then stirred with a stirrer for 60 minutes to prepare compositions 1 to 10. The amounts of each material shown in Table 1 are the amounts (weight %) when the amount of Paint 1 is considered to be 100% by weight.

[0088] [Table 1]

[0089] 3. Preparation of water-related component samples Example 1 Composition 2 was applied to the substrate S by spray coating using a spray gun (Meiji Kikai Seisakusho Finer II) to a film thickness of approximately 8-12 μm. Subsequently, Composition 1 was applied using a spray gun (Meiji Kikai Seisakusho Finer II) to a film thickness of approximately 3 μm. After that, the samples were heated and dried in a forced-air constant-temperature incubator (Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. DKN402) at 60°C for 6 minutes to evaporate the solvent. After that, the samples were removed from the forced-air constant-temperature incubator and cured in an ultraviolet curing device (Panasonic Electric Works ANUP4154) equipped with a high-pressure mercury lamp at an integrated light intensity of 1000 mJ / cm². 2 The sample for Example 1 was prepared by curing it with ultraviolet light in such a manner.

[0090] Example 2 Samples for Example 2 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that composition 3 was used instead of composition 2.

[0091] Example 3 Composition 4 was applied to the substrate S by spray coating using a spray gun (Meiji Kikai Seisakusho Finer II) to a coating thickness of approximately 4-5 μm. Subsequently, Composition 1 was applied using a spray gun (Meiji Kikai Seisakusho Finer II) to a coating thickness of approximately 1-2 μm. After that, a sample of Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0092] Example 4 Sample for Example 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that composition 5 was used instead of composition 2.

[0093] Comparative Example 1 Composition 6 was applied to the substrate S by spray coating using a spray gun (Meiji Machine Works Finer II) to a coating thickness of approximately 11-15 μm. Then, it was heated and dried for 6 minutes in a 60°C forced-air constant-temperature incubator (Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. DKN402). Afterward, it was cured using an ultraviolet curing device equipped with a high-pressure mercury lamp (Panasonic Electric Works ANUP4154) at an integrated light intensity of 1000 mJ / cm². 2 The sample for Comparative Example 1 was prepared by curing it with ultraviolet light in such a manner.

[0094] Comparative Example 2 Composition 8 was applied to the substrate S by spray coating using a spray gun (Meiji Kikai Seisakusho Finer II) to a film thickness of approximately 8-12 μm. Subsequently, Composition 7 was applied using a spray gun (Meiji Kikai Seisakusho Finer II) to a film thickness of approximately 3 μm. After that, it was heated and dried for 6 minutes in a 60°C forced-air constant temperature incubator (Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. DKN402). After that, it was cured in an ultraviolet curing device equipped with a high-pressure mercury lamp (Panasonic Electric Works ANUP4154) with an integrated light intensity of 1000 mJ / cm². 2 The coating film was cured by irradiating it with ultraviolet light in such a manner, and a sample of Comparative Example 2 was prepared.

[0095] Comparative Example 3 A sample for Comparative Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as for Comparative Example 1, except that composition 9 was used instead of composition 6.

[0096] Comparative Example 4 Composition 10 was applied to the substrate S by spray coating using a spray gun (Meiji Machine Works Finer II) to a coating thickness of approximately 11-15 μm. Then, it was heated and dried for 6 minutes in a 60°C forced-air constant-temperature incubator (Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. DKN402). Afterward, it was cured using an ultraviolet curing device equipped with a high-pressure mercury lamp (Panasonic Electric Works ANUP4154) at an integrated light intensity of 1000 mJ / cm². 2 The sample for Comparative Example 4 was prepared by curing it with ultraviolet light in such a manner.

[0097] 4. Evaluation The following evaluations were performed on each sample that was prepared.

[0098] (1) Surface coating hardness test For each sample, the pencil hardness was measured according to the scratch hardness (pencil method) JIS K 5600-5-4. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0099] (2) Cross-sectional observation Each sample was cut to a size of 5mm x 7mm x 2mm and sandwiched between BUEHLER UniClip clips. Transparent packing tape (3M Japan, Scotch 315) was then applied to one side of a holder made of Sankei embedded clear ring (outer diameter: 1.25 inches), and the clips holding the samples were placed vertically on the tape-applied portion inside the holder. A mixture of Kemet Japan Technovit main agent and Kemet Japan Technovit hardener in a 1:2 ratio was mixed and poured into the holder containing the samples. Subsequently, a degassing treatment was performed. Specifically, the container was placed in a vacuum chamber, the pressure was reduced using a ULVAC G-50SA vacuum pump, and it was left to stand for 5 minutes under a pressure of 0.09 MPa. After that, it was left to stand for 16 hours at 30°C to cure. The cured epoxy resin in which the sample was embedded (hereinafter referred to as the embedding resin) was removed from the holder, and approximately 2 mm was removed using #600 abrasive paper on a polishing machine (PRESI Mecatech250) to expose the sample from the embedding resin. Subsequently, the sample was buffed with an aqueous solution containing diamond particles (9 μm), then with an aqueous solution containing diamond particles (3 μm), and then with an aqueous solution containing alumina abrasive (φ0.5 μm) to obtain a mirror-finish cross-section of the sample.

[0100] The obtained mirror cross-section was observed using a desktop scanning electron microscope (JEOL JCM-7000). A backscattered electron image was captured with the interface between the surface layer and the substrate positioned below the observed image and horizontal to the observed image, thereby obtaining an observed cross-sectional image. The observed cross-sectional image was saved as an electronic file in 24-bit grayscale BMP format and used for the measurements and calculations described in (3) to (5) below. As representative examples, the observed cross-sectional images of the samples from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Figures 3 and 4.

[0101] (3) Amount of particles contained in the surface layer (volume %) The amount of particles present in the surface layer (c) was calculated using the following formula (1) as the ratio of the area of ​​the particle portion (b) in the cross-sectional view of the surface layer to the cross-sectional area (a) of the surface layer in the cross-sectional view obtained in "(2) Cross-sectional observation" above. c[volume%]=b / a×100 Equation (1)

[0102] The cross-sectional area of ​​the surface layer (a) and the area of ​​the particle portion included in the cross-section of the surface layer (b) were analyzed using image processing software (WinROOF2017, manufactured by Mitani Corporation) and derived using the following method. First, the outer perimeter of the surface layer in the cross-sectional observation image was visually determined, and the perimeter was manually drawn using the measurement mode "Polygon". Then, the area enclosed by the perimeter was extracted as the cross-section of the surface layer, and the area of ​​the extracted region was defined as the cross-sectional area (a) of the surface layer. Next, the particle portions in the cross-sectional observation image were visually identified and manually extracted using a three-pointed circle. The sum of the areas of the extracted three-pointed circles was defined as the area (b) of the particle portion included in the cross-section of the surface layer. Furthermore, the above "(2) Cross-sectional observation" was performed on one sample in three fields of view. For each of the three cross-sectional observation images obtained from these three fields of view, calculations using equation (1) were performed to obtain three (c) values. The average value of these was taken as the amount of particles (c') contained in the surface layer of the sample. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0103] (4) Surface segregation rate of inorganic antiviral agents The surface segregation rate (f) of the inorganic antiviral agent was calculated using the following formula (2) as the ratio of the total area (e) of the inorganic antiviral agent contained on the surface side of the surface layer to the total area (d) of the inorganic antiviral agent contained in the entire surface layer in the cross-sectional observation image obtained in "(2) Cross-sectional observation" above. f[volume%]=e / d×100 Equation (2)

[0104] The area (d) of the inorganic antiviral agent contained in the entire surface layer was determined as follows: In the cross-sectional observation image obtained in "(2) Cross-sectional observation" above, the upper edge of the surface layer was determined by visual inspection to be the outermost surface of the surface layer, while the lower edge of the surface layer, which corresponds to the interface between the surface layer and the substrate, was determined to be the backmost surface of the surface layer. In the region between the outermost surface and the backmost surface of the surface layer, the region corresponding to the inorganic antiviral agent was extracted by visual inspection, and the sum of the areas of the extracted regions was taken as the area (d) of the inorganic antiviral agent contained in the entire surface layer.

[0105] The area (e) of the inorganic antiviral agent contained on the surface side of the surface layer was determined as follows: In the cross-sectional observation image, perpendicular lines were drawn from each point on the outermost surface of the surface layer (e.g., each pixel) to the outermost surface of the surface layer. The midpoints of these perpendicular lines were extracted, and the line connecting these midpoints was defined as the central plane of the surface layer. Next, the region between the outermost surface and the central plane of the surface layer was defined as the surface-side region of the surface layer. This surface-side region of the surface layer was binarized into black and white based on brightness, and the white areas were identified as regions where the inorganic antiviral agent was present and extracted visually. The area of ​​the extracted white areas was measured, and the sum of these areas was defined as the area (e) of the inorganic antiviral agent contained on the surface side of the surface layer. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0106] (5) Area ratio of inorganic antiviral agents present in the region between the particles and the outermost surface of the surface layer Using the cross-sectional observation images obtained in "(2) Cross-sectional observation" described above, the area ratio (c') of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the region between particle 5 and the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer was determined by the method described below. The method for calculating the area ratio (c') is explained below. First, in the cross-sectional observation image, the region between the outermost surface of the surface layer and a position 2 μm deep in the direction from that outermost surface to the backmost surface (2 μm region) was identified. Next, particles that are at least partially contained within the 2 μm region were identified (specific particles). Then, the area (a) of the region within the 2 μm region and above the specific particles, that is, the region from the surface of the specific particles that is included in the 2 μm region to the outermost surface of the surface layer (target region), was determined. Furthermore, the area (b) of the inorganic antiviral agent contained in the target region was determined. The target region was binarized into black and white based on brightness, and the white areas were determined to be regions where the inorganic antiviral agent is present. The ratio (c) of the area of ​​the inorganic antiviral agent (b) present in the target region to the area of ​​the target region (a) was calculated using the following formula (1). c(%)=b / a×100 Formula (1)

[0107] Furthermore, the above "(2) Cross-sectional observation" was performed on one sample in three fields of view. For each of the three cross-sectional observation images obtained from these three fields of view observations, calculations using equation (1) were performed to obtain three (c) values. The average value (c') of these values ​​was taken as the ratio of the area of ​​the inorganic antiviral agent present in the target region to the area of ​​the target region. The area ratio (c') was considered to be the volume ratio of the inorganic antiviral agent 6 present in the region between the particles 5 and the outermost surface 7 of the surface layer 3. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0108] (6) Durability evaluation Each sample was cut to a size of 100mm x 40mm x 2mm and fixed to a wear friction tester (Tester Industries Co., Ltd. AB-504 Washability Tester). Next, approximately 20-30mL of Look Bathroom Polishing Agent (LION Corporation) was directly dropped into the center of the cut sample. A nylon floor brush (TOTO Corporation EKL00034) was cut to 25mm and fixed to the tester. A weight was placed on the brush, and the brush was slid back and forth 50 times over the cut sample. Next, the wear condition (breakage of organic particles) of the cut sample surface was observed using SEM. Specifically, the SEM (KEYENCE VHX-D510) was set to a tilt angle of 60 degrees, and the surface was observed. The durability of the surface layer was evaluated according to the evaluation criteria below. The results are shown in Table 2. (Evaluation Criteria) ○: No defects were observed in the majority of organic particles. ×: Defects were observed in the majority of organic particles.

[0109] (7) Evaluation of antiviral activity The antiviral activity of Sample 1 from Example and the sample from Comparative Example 1 was evaluated according to JIS R1756 (2020) dark conditions. Specifically, an antiviral test was conducted using bacteriophage Qβ, and the antiviral activity value (V) in the dark was calculated using the following formula. Antiviral activity value: V = Log 10 (UV / TV) TV: Bacteriophage infectivity titer (pfu) 24 hours after bacteriophage solution administration. UV: Bacteriophage infectivity titer (pfu) immediately after bacteriophage droplet application. When the antiviral activity value V ≥ 2, the sample was judged to exhibit good antiviral activity. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0110] (8) Evaluation of slip resistance <Surface roughness measurement> For each sample, the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the surface layer was measured using a stylus-type surface roughness analyzer (SURFCOM 15OODX, manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.). Measurements were performed three times for each sample, and the average value was used as the surface roughness of the surface layer. The measurement conditions were as follows. The results are shown in Table 2. (Measurement conditions) Measurement type: Roughness measurement Measurement length: 10mm Cutoff wavelength: 0.25 mm Measurement range: ±128.0 μm Speed: 0.3mm / s Cutoff type: Gaussian

[0111] <Evaluation of slip resistance when wet> Two mL of deionized water was dropped onto the surface of each sample using a dropper, and the slip resistance when wet was evaluated by pressing a palm against the surface. The slip resistance of the sample in Comparative Example 4 was compared with that of the other samples, and the slip resistance of the samples in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 2. (Evaluation Criteria) ○: Significantly less slippery compared to the sample in Comparative Example 4. △: Slightly less slippery compared to the sample in Comparative Example 4. ×: The slip resistance was equivalent to or worse than that of the sample in Comparative Example 4.

[0112] (9) Evaluation of design quality <Measurement of glossiness> The gloss level of each sample at 60° was measured using a gloss meter (VG7000, Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.). The results are shown in Table 2.

[0113] <Visual inspection of appearance> The appearance of each sample was evaluated visually according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 2. (Evaluation Criteria) ○: Excellent matte finish △: Has a matte finish. ×: Poor matte finish, resulting in a glossy appearance.

[0114] [Table 2] [Explanation of Symbols]

[0115] 1: Plumbing fixtures 2: Base material 3: Surface layer 4: (Meth)acrylic resin 5: Particles 6: Inorganic antiviral agents 7: The outermost surface of the surface layer

Claims

1. A water-related component comprising a base material and a surface layer provided on the base material, The surface layer comprises (meth)acrylic resin, particles, and an inorganic antiviral agent. The aforementioned particles are particles made of (meth)acrylic resin, The inorganic antiviral agent comprises an inorganic carrier and an inorganic active ingredient supported on the inorganic carrier. A plumbing component in which the ratio of the volume of an inorganic antiviral agent contained in the target region to the volume of the region above the particles (hereinafter referred to as the "target region"), which is located between the outermost surface of the surface layer and a position perpendicular to the substrate direction at a depth of 2 μm from the outermost surface (hereinafter referred to as the "2 μm region"), and in which at least a portion of the particles are included within the 2 μm region, is 20% or more.

2. The ratio (volume %) of the total volume of the inorganic antiviral agent contained in the upper half region of the surface layer to the total volume of the inorganic antiviral agent contained in the entire region of the surface layer is 70% or more (where the entire region of the surface layer is the region between the outermost surface and the outermost back surface (hereinafter referred to as "region 1") when the upper end in the direction opposite to the substrate direction of the surface layer is considered as the outermost surface of the surface layer, and the lower end in the substrate direction of the surface layer is considered as the outermost back surface of the surface layer in the cross-sectional observation image obtained by observing the cross-section of the water-related component with a scanning electron microscope; the table The upper half region of the surface layer is the region between the outermost surface and the central surface (hereinafter referred to as "region 2") when, in the cross-sectional observation image, perpendicular lines are drawn from each point on the outermost surface of the surface layer to the outermost surface of the surface layer, the midpoints of each perpendicular line are extracted, and the line connecting these midpoints is considered to be the central surface of the surface layer; the ratio (area %) of the total area of ​​the region corresponding to the inorganic antiviral agent in region 1 to the total area of ​​the region corresponding to the inorganic antiviral agent in region 2 is considered to be the ratio (volume %). ), the plumbing member according to claim 1.

3. The water-related component according to claim 1, wherein the volume-average particle diameter of the inorganic carrier contained in the inorganic antiviral agent is smaller than the volume-average particle diameter of the particles.

4. The plumbing component according to claim 1, wherein the pencil hardness of the surface layer is 1H or higher.

5. The volume-average particle diameter of the aforementioned particles is greater than the average thickness of the surface layer, and the average thickness is given by the following formula, assuming that the surface layer is uniformly formed on the substrate: Average surface layer thickness (μm) = Weight of surface layer (g) ÷ Surface area of ​​substrate (cm²) ÷ Density of surface layer (g / cm³) × 10⁴ (Here, the weight of the surface layer (g) is calculated by subtracting the weight of the base material (g) from the weight of the plumbing components (g).) A plumbing component according to claim 1, calculated from the above.

6. The plumbing member according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the surface layer is 0.1 or greater.

7. The water-related component according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the surface layer is 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

8. The water-related component according to claim 1, wherein the particles are embedded in the surface layer.

9. The water-related component according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic support is one or more selected from the group consisting of zeolite, apatite, zirconia, zirconium phosphate, calcium phosphate, zinc calcium phosphate, silica gel, calcium silicate, magnesium aluminosilicate, titanium oxide, potassium titanate, silica, alumina, soluble glass, and thiosulfite.

10. The plumbing component according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is one or more selected from the group consisting of silver ions, copper ions, and zinc ions.

11. The water-related component according to claim 1, wherein the volume-average particle diameter of the inorganic carrier contained in the inorganic antiviral agent is half or less of the average volume particle diameter of the particles.

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