Pneumatic membrane gas storage for storing hydrogen gas at low pressure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of gas storage systems and concerns a pneumatic membrane gas reservoir (1) for storing hydrogen gas at low pressure, comprising: a bag-like first membrane (10) adapted to delimit a hydrogen storage chamber (C1); a second membrane (20) adapted to partially delimit a pressurized chamber (C2) at least partially overlapped by the storage chamber (C1); a second membrane (20) placed on the first membrane (10), fixed impermeably at least to the second membrane (20) and arranged together with the first membrane (10) on the outside of the gas reservoir (1). a third membrane (30) adapted to define a cavity (2) opening towards the side; hydrogen supply and discharge means associated with the storage chamber (C1); means for pressurizing the pressurized chamber (C2) with air; mechanical fastening means (4) against the base surface (S) of the first membrane (1), the second membrane (20) and the third membrane (30); a natural passive ventilation system for ventilating any hydrogen losses to the outside, comprising a duct (5) adapted to connect the cavity (2) through the pressurized chamber (C2) to the outside environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of gas storage systems, and more particularly to a pneumatic membrane gas storage vessel for storing hydrogen gas at low pressure.

Background Art

[0002] A pneumatic membrane gas storage vessel, also called a membrane gas holder or a pressure gas holder, generally comprises a first membrane defining the boundary of a gas storage chamber on a gas-impermeable base surface, and a second membrane adapted to create a pressurized chamber (usually air) adjacent to the gas storage chamber.

[0003] This base surface may be, for example, a liquid surface or another membrane joined to the first membrane along an edge.

[0004] In addition to partially defining the boundary of the pressurized air chamber, the second membrane serves to protect the innermost membrane from the climate, atmospheric agents, and impacts on the outer body.

[0005] The storage chamber is connected to supply and discharge pipes for the gas contained therein. In contrast, the pressurized chamber is connected to an auxiliary air fan and enables a specific pressure to be maintained therein. Thus, the pressing force applied by the pressurized chamber to the gas storage chamber enables the gas to be supplied at a desired pressure depending on the use of the gas.

[0006] These two chambers are fixed to the ground along the edge of the gas storage vessel and comprise air and gas discharge valves to control the operating pressure.

[0007] These membranes are generally made of a flexible material such as a polyester fiber fabric and are covered or coated with a layer of a plastic material such as PVC.

[0008] To ensure the operation and safety of membrane gas storage devices, the impermeability of the chamber is of paramount importance. In fact, there should be no passage of gas from the storage chamber to the pneumatic chamber, nor vice versa, and no loss of gas or air to the outside.

[0009] Impermeability between chambers is, in practice, dependent on the integrity of the first membrane and the sealing of the lower edge of the base surface of the gas storage container.

[0010] If a crack, even a very small one, occurs in the first membrane, particularly at the joints between the various elements forming the first membrane, or at the flanged connections, or if there is an incomplete seal at the lower edge of the membrane, or if the material is even slightly porous, gas may transfer from the storage chamber to the air pressurized chamber. This always occurs from the gas chamber to the air chamber because the gas pressure is equal to the air pressure, in addition to the pressure increase caused by the weight of the first membrane. It should be kept in mind that even a small leak of gas into the air chamber is sufficient to form an explosive mixture inside this chamber, posing a very serious safety risk.

[0011] The importance of chamber sealing and impermeability is greater in the case of gas storage devices adapted for storing hydrogen in a gaseous state.

[0012] Due to its small molecular size, hydrogen can pass through even the smallest porous membranes much more easily than other flammable gases such as methane.

[0013] Hydrogen molecules have a very low ignition point. A small spark generated by friction, or an increase in static charge on a surface, is sufficient to cause an explosion.

[0014] Hydrogen molecules are further characterized by their wide explosive range in air mixtures. Hydrogen begins to explode at a concentration of 4 vol% in air and remains in a potentially explosive atmosphere up to a concentration of 75.6 vol% in air.

[0015] As described above, conventional membrane gas storage devices have certain limitations and disadvantages in specific applications involving hydrogen.

[0016] The first membrane of PVC-coated polyester fibers that defines the boundary of the gas storage chamber cannot guarantee impermeability.

[0017] Hydrogen permeability means that even at low pressures (positive pressure range of a few millibars), a certain amount of hydrogen always passes through the first storage membrane, bringing hydrogen into the air volume enclosed between the first gas storage membrane and the pressurized membrane at the top.

[0018] This poses a clear danger, as the entire volume of the gas storage container accumulates hydrogen up to the point where it enters the high-risk area for explosion (equivalent to ATEX Zone 0).

[0019] Even worse, the presence of constant ventilation flowing over the first gas storage membrane, coming from auxiliary fans used to supply and pressurize the gas storage, can create a risk of locally charging this surface, carrying static charges that even a small spark could trigger an explosion.

[0020] In an attempt to address at least some of these challenges, which require strict adherence to leakage, pneumatic gas storage devices are known, which are equipped with a third membrane that is mounted on the first membrane described above and is impermeable to at least the second membrane described above.

[0021] This third membrane is adapted to work in cooperation with the second membrane to define the boundary of the pressurized chamber and, together with the first membrane, to define a cavity that leads to the outside.

[0022] The presence of the third membrane, which cooperates with the second membrane to define the boundary of the pressure chamber, increases the degree of isolation between the two chambers and reduces the risk of gas leaking from the storage chamber and entering the pressure chamber. In fact, the third membrane forms an additional barrier against the passage of gas from one chamber to the other. Any gas losses from the storage chamber are trapped in the cavity between the first and third membranes. These leaks can flow outwards. This is because the pressure in this space is in direct contact with the atmosphere and is significantly lower than both the gas pressure and the air pressure in the pressure chamber, but this discharge can only occur in the free space between the lower edges of the membranes, which is actually close to the ground fixing system.

[0023] Conversely, hydrogen has a very low molecular weight and tends to accumulate at the top of the cavity and push upwards, so it is impossible for hydrogen to escape into the atmosphere through the free space between the lower edges of the membranes.

[0024] 1m 3 Considering that 1m of hydrogen is equal to the weight of approximately 10% of the air volume, each m of hydrogen generates a vertical buoyancy of approximately 0.9 kg. 3 generates a vertical buoyancy of approximately 0.9 kg.

[0025] Therefore, the presence of hydrogen in the cavity tends to stagnate in the upper volume of the cavity, and it is unlikely that hydrogen will flow towards the opening along the lower edge of the membrane.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0026] The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks and disadvantages.

[0027] The main object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic membrane gas storage device provided with a gas storage chamber and a pressurization chamber adjacent thereto, which significantly reduces the penetration of hydrogen into the pressurization chamber for safety and reliability advantages. More specifically, the object of the present invention is to ensure that any hydrogen loss due to the porosity of the membrane or coming from specific points in the storage chamber flows outward instead of penetrating into the air pressurization chamber, thereby avoiding a fire or explosion of the gas storage device.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0028] These objects are achieved by a pneumatic membrane gas storage device for storing hydrogen gas at low pressure, which comprises: - a bag-shaped first membrane adapted to define the boundary of a hydrogen storage chamber placed on a base surface; - a second membrane adapted to partially define a pressurization chamber at least partially overlapped with this storage chamber; - a third membrane placed on and installed on the first membrane, impermeable to at least the second membrane, adapted to cooperate with the second membrane to define the boundary of the above pressurization chamber, and together with the first membrane, adapted to define a cavity leading to the outside of the pneumatic gas storage device; - means for supplying and discharging hydrogen associated with the storage chamber; - pressurization means for the pressurization chamber by air, comprising fan means and valve means for adjusting and discharging the air contained in the pressurization chamber; - mechanical fixing means for the first, second, and third membranes to the above base surface; and characterized in that it comprises a duct adapted to connect the above cavity to the external environment through the pressurization chamber, and a natural passive ventilation system adapted to ventilate any hydrogen loss outward.

[0029] Advantageously, the surface of the third membrane facing the first membrane is shaped to define a channel together with the first membrane, so that any hydrogen leaks are collected and sent from the cavity towards the duct.

[0030] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the surface of the third film facing the first film is provided with a spacer means relative to the first film, creating a channel in the cavity.

[0031] Alternatively, these spacer means are selected from a continuous shape, a discontinuous gap material, or a surface-generated undulation.

[0032] In a preferred variation of the present invention, at least the second and third films are made of an antistatic material.

[0033] According to another aspect of the present invention, the above-mentioned mechanical fixing means is: - A gasket positioned on the base surface and adapted to surround the pneumatic gas storage unit; -A flange, fitted on top of this gasket and also adapted to surround the pneumatic gas storage unit; - Multiple bolts adapted to hold this flange in place on the gasket; Equipped with, At least the edges of the second and third films are overlapped and fastened between the gasket and the flange.

[0034] According to a possible embodiment, the duct comprises a bellows-type flexible pipe having first and second ends, the first end being hydraulically connected to a third membrane by a first hole, and the second end being connected to the outside by a second hole provided in the second membrane.

[0035] Preferably, the bellows-type flexible pipe includes reinforcing rings positioned transversely to the folds of the bellows.

[0036] Furthermore, the duct includes an elastic means of a coil spring positioned between the first and second ends of the flexible pipe.

[0037] According to another aspect of the present invention: - The second end of the flexible pipe is equipped with a flange; - The second membrane is equipped with a protective cap for the duct, which is installed near the second hole.

[0038] More preferably, the pneumatic gas storage device is: - A hydrogen detection sensor, located at the top of the pressurized chamber near the second pore in the second membrane; - Multiple lightning rod antennas positioned around the perimeter, It is equipped with.

[0039] In a particularly preferred modification, the first membrane comprises a bottom membrane and a covering membrane, which are impermeable and fitted together to form a bag-shaped storage chamber.

[0040] According to a possible variation of the embodiment, the pneumatic gas storage device comprises a fourth membrane positioned above the base surface and below the first membrane, which is impermeable to the third membrane and creates an extension of the cavity to enclose the storage chamber as a whole.

[0041] Furthermore, the pneumatic gas storage unit is equipped with a belt made of nonwoven fabric, which is inserted between the first membrane and the fourth membrane and adapted to occupy the extension of the cavity.

[0042] Preferably, the fourth membrane has an edge positioned to be clamped between the gasket and flange of the fixing means and is connected to at least the edges of the second and third membranes.

[0043] The main advantage obtained by using the present invention lies in the presence of the gas storage container inside a passive natural ventilation system, thereby allowing hydrogen resulting from possible leaks and losses arising from the permeability of the first membrane to flow freely upward inside the duct passing through the pressurized chamber and out into the atmosphere. This eliminates the risk of hydrogen accumulating within the volume of the gas storage container.

[0044] The flexible corrugated pipe from which the duct is generated creates a continuous channel with variable length and a shape that restricts the passage of hydrogen to the inside of the volume formed between the first and second membranes.

[0045] The channels present in the aforementioned cavities, which collect and transport any hydrogen loss, favorably allow hydrogen that permeates through the storage membrane to flow upward, partly due to its extremely light weight.

[0046] The spacer means present on the surface of the third membrane facing the cavity create drainage and transport channels with lower resistance to flow, given the low permeability of the third membrane.

[0047] The antistatic material on which the film is formed can limit the generation and localized accumulation of static charge. The generation and localized accumulation of static charge can lead to dangerous electrical discharges, which can trigger explosions if the hydrogen concentration in the atmosphere is greater than 4%.

[0048] Reinforcing rings installed transversely on the flexible pipe provide safety and resist the forces generated by the pressure of compressed air inside the pressurized chamber.

[0049] Elastic means provided along the flexible pipe keep the flexible pipe primarily in a vertical position throughout all loading and unloading steps of the chamber, which is bounded by the first storage membrane, thereby allowing hydrogen to flow out naturally and optimally.

[0050] More advantageously, the tension generated by the elastic means creates a vertical upward tension in the third membrane near the fixed point of the flexible pipe, resulting in the creation of a cleavage point that facilitates the natural upward accumulation of the hydrogen flow.

[0051] These and other advantages will become clearer and more apparent from the description of the invention below, with the help of the figures illustrating some examples of embodiments, which are provided as non-limiting examples. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0052] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view of the pneumatic membrane gas storage device according to the present invention, along a vertical plane. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a bottom view of the components of the pneumatic gas storage device. [Figure 3a] Figure 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing various possible variations of the embodiment. [Figure 3b] Figure 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing various possible variations of the embodiment. [Figure 3c] Figure 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing various possible variations of the embodiment. [Figure 4] This is a cross-sectional view of the pneumatic membrane gas storage device according to the present invention, along a vertical plane, partially filled with hydrogen and in operation. [Figure 5] Figure 1 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the ground anchorage of the pneumatic gas storage device. [Figure 6] This is a cross-sectional view of a specific variation of an embodiment of a pneumatic gas storage device according to the present invention, which is also related to a ground anchoring system. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0053] Figure 1 illustrates a pneumatic membrane gas storage device 1 for storing hydrogen at low pressure.

[0054] The entire pneumatic gas storage unit 1 is advantageously placed on and fixed to a base surface S formed by an impermeable concrete base.

[0055] The pneumatic gas storage device 1 of the present invention comprises a first membrane 10 and a second membrane 20. The first membrane 10 defines the boundary of the hydrogen gas storage chamber C1, while the second membrane 20 partially defines the boundary of the air pressurized chamber C2.

[0056] The first membrane 10 is made in one piece and can be closed on its own to form a bag shape, or, as in the exemplified variation, comprises a bottom membrane 10a and a covering membrane 10b, which are impermeable and fixed to each other by welding along their respective edges to form a storage chamber C1.

[0057] Gas supply and discharge means (not shown) are connected to storage chamber C1, while pressurizing means are connected to pressurizing chamber C2.

[0058] The gas supply and discharge means in the first storage membrane 10 includes a suitable pipe and flanged connection, while the pressurizing means preferably includes a fan 3 (or air compressor) and a pipe 24 connected to the second membrane 20.

[0059] The pneumatic gas storage unit 1 is equipped with a third membrane 30, which is mounted on top of the first membrane 10 and fixed impermeably to at least the second membrane 20, and is adapted to cooperate with the second membrane 20 to define the boundary of the pressurized chamber C2 and, together with the first membrane 10, to define a cavity 2 that is open to the outside of the pneumatic gas storage unit 1.

[0060] For this purpose, the pneumatic gas storage unit 1 is equipped with a passive natural ventilation system, which is adapted to ventilate any hydrogen loss toward the outside, and a duct 5 is adapted to pass through a pressurized chamber C2 and connect the cavity 2 to the external environment.

[0061] Referring in detail to Figure 2, the lower surface of the third membrane 30, that is, the surface facing the first membrane 10, is shaped to define the channel 6 associated with them, and to collect and transport any hydrogen loss that penetrates through the first membrane 10 and accumulates in the cavity 2.

[0062] Channel 6 is responsible for directing hydrogen towards the top of cavity 2, and then towards duct 5.

[0063] To create a channel 6 within the cavity 2, the surface of the third membrane 30 facing the first membrane 10 is provided with spacer means 7 relative to the first membrane 10, i.e., continuous or discontinuous protruding elements. These are obtained from or added to the membrane.

[0064] The spacer means 7 is selected from a continuous outer shape arranged radially below the surface of the third film, or a discontinuous gap material uniformly installed below this surface.

[0065] Figures 3a, 3b, and 3c illustrate various types of spacer means 7, which protrude significantly or only slightly, and are separated by large or small distances.

[0066] The undulations on the surface of the third membrane 30 can be even more sufficient to create a channel 6 in the cavity 2. If the two membranes 10 and 30 are in direct contact, the undulations on the underside of the third membrane 30 create a tiny empty channel into which hydrogen penetrates and flows upward.

[0067] For this purpose, the first film 10 is made of a fabric coated with PVC on both sides, while the third film 30 is also made of a fabric, but the surface in contact with the first film 10 is coated with a material having lubricating properties other than PVC, preferably silicone, thereby preventing the films from adhering to each other and leaving an accumulation space for the penetrating hydrogen.

[0068] The duct 5 comprises a bellows-type flexible pipe 15 having a first end 15' and a second end 15'', the first end 15' being hydraulically connected to a third membrane 30 by a first hole 13, and the second end 15'' being connected to the outside by a second hole 14 provided in the second membrane 20.

[0069] Holes 13 and 14 are both located at the top of their respective membranes 30 and 20.

[0070] The second end 15'' of the flexible pipe 15 is provided with a flange 17 for fixing to the second membrane 20.

[0071] To prevent rain or other objects from entering from the outside, the second membrane 20 is equipped with a protective cap 18 for the duct 5 at the second hole 14.

[0072] The flexible pipe 15 creates a closed continuous channel, which connects the cavity 2 to the external environment and passes through the pressurized chamber C2 for hydrogen to pass through.

[0073] For example, by creating a flexible pipe 15 using a deformable bellows made of rubber, it is possible to compensate for any mutual movement between the membranes 30 and 20.

[0074] To optimize the natural flow of hydrogen out into the atmosphere, elastic means 16 are inserted into the flexible pipe 15 to allow it to maintain a continuous channel, primarily in a vertical position, and in fact, it keeps tension applied to the third membrane 30.

[0075] The coil spring type elastic means 16 is positioned between the first end 15' and the second end 15'' of the flexible pipe 15.

[0076] Furthermore, the bellows-type flexible pipe 15 preferably includes reinforcing rings (not shown) positioned transversely at the folds of the bellows.

[0077] To improve its functionality, the pneumatic gas storage unit 1 is equipped with various safety measures and devices.

[0078] To reduce the risk of the second membrane 20 becoming charged near the flange 17 for securing the flexible pipe 15, the second membrane is made of an antistatic material. Similarly, the third membrane 30 is also made of an antistatic material.

[0079] The gas storage unit 1 is equipped with a valve 25 for regulating and discharging pressurized air, which is located at the top of the second membrane 20 to allow air present in the pressurized chamber C2 to flow out, and to dilute and remove any potential hydrogen leaks resulting from a tear or damage in the third membrane 30 into the atmosphere.

[0080] Furthermore, this gas storage unit is equipped with a lightning protection antenna 22 around it, which further eliminates the risk of ignition due to aerial discharge.

[0081] Finally, the gas storage unit 1 is equipped with a hydrogen leak sensor 19 located near the top of the outer second membrane 20. In the event of significant damage, the sensor can notify the user of the presence of an explosive mixture of hydrogen in the air, thereby triggering an alarm that allows the plant operator to immediately shut off the flow of hydrogen to the gas storage unit and empty the remaining contents by a ventilation valve (not shown) specially provided in the gas line.

[0082] Referring in detail to Figures 5 and 6, the mechanical fixing means 4 for the membranes 10, 20, and 30 to the base surface S of the pneumatic gas storage unit 1 is illustrated.

[0083] Regarding the operation of the pneumatic gas storage unit 1, it is important that all three membranes 10, 20, and 30 are impermeable and fixed to each other, and the mechanical fixing means 4 is also of the airtight type.

[0084] Once the first membrane 10 coating membrane 10b is welded to the corresponding bottom membrane 10a, it stretches to create a free end 11.

[0085] In the variation shown in Figure 5, the mechanical fixing means 4 is: - A gasket 8, positioned on the base surface S and adapted to surround the pneumatic gas storage unit 1; - A flange 9, which is installed on top of the gasket 8 and is also fitted to surround the pneumatic gas reservoir 1; - Multiple anchoring bolts 12 or steel tie rods adapted to hold the flange 9 in place on the gasket 8; Equipped with, The edges 11, 21, and 31 of the films 10, 20, and 30 are overlapped and fastened between the gasket 8 and the flange 9.

[0086] The anchoring bolts 12 ensure mechanical spot fixing of the flange 9 to the base surface S, while the gasket 8 ensures uniform contact with the base surface S.

[0087] Referring in detail to Figure 6, the pneumatic gas storage unit 1 is equipped with a fourth membrane 40, which is positioned above the base surface S and below the bottom surface 10a of the first membrane 10.

[0088] The fourth membrane 40 is impermeable to the third membrane 30, creating an extension of the cavity 2, which in turn encloses the storage chamber C1 entirely.

[0089] Thus, the cavity 2, located below the gas storage unit 1, collects any hydrogen losses directed toward the base surface S and directs them toward the natural passive ventilation system 5.

[0090] The fourth membrane 40 has the same characteristics as the third membrane 30 and is therefore made of an antistatic fabric coated with PVC, with only the side facing the bottom membrane 10a covered with silicone.

[0091] The gas storage unit 1 comprises a belt 23 made of TNT, inserted between the bottom membrane 10a of the first membrane 10 and the fourth membrane 40, which is adapted to occupy the aforementioned extension of the cavity 2 and to act as a spacer between the two membranes 10 and 40, and as a disperser for hydrogen loss.

[0092] Due to the weight of the gas storage device, the channel resists in the extension of cavity 2, making it difficult to collect and transport hydrogen. This is overcome by using the minute channels present in the TNT belt 23.

[0093] To ensure the continuity of the cavity 2 around the entire circumference of the storage chamber C1, the third membrane 30 and the fourth membrane 40 must be sealed to each other in an airtight manner.

[0094] Using the mechanical fixing means 4 described above, the free edge 41 of the fourth membrane 40 is also placed beneath the pre-connected edges 21 and 31 of the two membranes 20 and 30, which are already impermeable to each other and fixed together, and is positioned between the gasket 8 and the flange 9.

[0095] In this case, the bag-shaped first membrane 10 is provided with discontinuous fixing portions (not shown) arranged radially in the shape of bands, which are similarly fastened by fixing means 4 between the gasket 8 and the flange 9, which have the sole function of holding the bag in place in the storage chamber C1.

[0096] Alternatively, if the first membrane 10 has a free edge 11, an opening will be provided at the free edge 11, which will be located near the chamber C1 and adapted to connect the lower part of the cavity to the upper part to help the hydrogen rise toward the duct 5.

[0097] Referring in detail to Figures 4 and 6, the operation of the pneumatic membrane gas storage device 1 according to the present invention is illustrated.

[0098] During the operation of the pneumatic gas storage unit 1, the storage chamber C1 is either filled with hydrogen or emptied, changing its shape and volume. Meanwhile, the pressurized chamber C2, which follows the change in volume, is maintained at a specific pressure level by the pressurizing means described above.

[0099] In the adjacent chamber C1, the pressing force applied by chamber C2 allows the gas to be delivered at the desired pressure and facilitates the emptying of storage chamber C1.

[0100] Any hydrogen escaping from the storage chamber C1 into the space between the first membrane 10 and the third membrane 30, and, where applicable, the fourth membrane 40, is collected in the resulting cavity 2 and released directly into the atmosphere through a passive natural ventilation system, i.e., the duct 5, preventing hydrogen from penetrating the pressurized chamber C2 and the resulting risk of fire or explosion.

[0101] In detail, any hydrogen loss is released to the outside through the flexible bellows pipe 15. The flexible bellows pipe 15 connects the top of the third membrane 30, where hydrogen pushed upward tends to accumulate, to the external environment above the pressurized chamber C2.

Claims

1. A pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) for storing hydrogen at low pressure, A bag-shaped first membrane (10) is fitted to define the boundary of the hydrogen storage chamber (C1) placed on the base surface (S), A second membrane (20) is fitted to partially define the boundary of a pressurized chamber (C2) which is superimposed on the hydrogen storage chamber (C1), at least in part. A third membrane (30) is installed on top of the first membrane (10), fixed impermeably to at least the second membrane (20), adapted to cooperate with the second membrane (20) to define the boundary of the pressurized chamber (C2), and together with the first membrane (10) to define a cavity (2) that extends outward from the pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1), A means for supplying and discharging hydrogen is associated with the hydrogen storage chamber (C1), The pressurizing means for pressurizing the pressurizing chamber (C2) by air includes a fan means (3) and a valve means for adjusting and discharging the air contained in the pressurizing chamber (C2), Mechanical fixing means (4) for the first film (10), the second film (20), and the third film (30) to the base surface (S), Equipped with, Here, the pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) is, A pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) is characterized by comprising a natural passive ventilation system adapted to ventilate any hydrogen leakage toward the outside, including a duct (5) that passes through the pressurized chamber (C2) and is adapted to connect the cavity (2) to the external environment.

2. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the third membrane (30) facing the first membrane (10) is formed to define a channel (6) together with the first membrane (10), and any hydrogen leakage is collected and sent from the cavity (2) toward the duct (5).

3. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the surface of the third membrane (30) facing the first membrane (10) is provided with a spacer means (7) relative to the first membrane (10), and the channel (6) is created in the cavity (2).

4. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the spacer means (7) is selected from a continuous outer shape, a discontinuous gap material, or undulations generated on the surface.

5. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the second membrane (20) and the third membrane (30) are made of an antistatic material.

6. The mechanical fixing means (4) is A gasket (8) is positioned on the base surface (S) and is adapted to surround the pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1). A flange (9) is installed on the gasket (8) and is also fitted to surround the pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1). A plurality of anchoring bolts (12) are fitted to hold the flange (9) in a predetermined position on the gasket (8). To be equipped with, At least the edges (21, 31) of the second membrane (20) and the third membrane (30) are overlapped and fastened between the gasket (8) and the flange (9), A pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

7. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the duct (5) comprises a bellows-type flexible pipe (15) having a first end (15') and a second end (15''), the first end (15') being fluidly connected to the third membrane (30) by a first hole (13), and the second end (15'') being connected to the outside by a second hole (14) provided in the second membrane (20).

8. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the bellows-type flexible pipe (15) is provided with a reinforcing ring arranged transversely to the flexible pipe (15) at the folds of the bellows.

9. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the duct (5) comprises a coil spring elastic means (16) disposed between the first end (15') and the second end (15'') of the flexible pipe (15).

10. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the second membrane (20) comprises a protective cap (18) for the duct (5) installed in the second hole (14).

11. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a hydrogen detection sensor (19) installed at the top of the pressurizing chamber (C2) near the second hole (14) of the second membrane (20).

12. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first membrane (10) comprises a bottom membrane (10a) and a covering membrane (10b), which are impermeable to each other and fixed together to form the hydrogen storage chamber (C1).

13. A pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a fourth membrane (40) is disposed on the base surface (S) and below the first membrane (10), the fourth membrane (40) is impermeable to the third membrane (30) and generates an extension of the cavity (2) to surround the hydrogen storage chamber (C1) as a whole.

14. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 13, further comprising a belt (23) inserted between the first membrane (10) and the fourth membrane (40), made of TNT and adapted to occupy the extension of the cavity (2).

15. A fourth membrane (40) is positioned on the base surface (S) and below the first membrane (10), wherein the fourth membrane (40) is impermeable to the third membrane (30) and creates an extension of the cavity (2) to surround the hydrogen storage chamber (C1) as a whole. The pneumatic membrane gas storage device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the fourth membrane (40) has an edge portion (41) positioned to be fastened between the gasket (8) and the flange (9) of the mechanical fixing means (4), and is connected to at least the edge portions (21, 31) of the second membrane (20) and the third membrane (30).

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