earth retaining panels

Abstract

To provide an earth retaining panel which is easy to assemble, can reduce processing costs, and has rigidity according to earth pressure, etc.SOLUTION: An earth retaining panel is used to construct an earth retaining structure in a borehole formed by excavating the ground. The earth retaining panel comprises: a flat-plate like web portion facing a wall surface of the borehole; a flat-plate like first flange portion provided at one opposing end of the web portion in an axial direction of the borehole; and a pair of flat-plate like second flange portions provided at the other opposing end of the web portion in a circumferential direction of the borehole.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Technical Field

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[0001] The present invention relates to a soil retaining panel with high sectional rigidity.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 for example, there is known a soil retaining structure constructed by assembling soil retaining panels having corrugated steel plates in an excavation hole formed by excavating the ground. The soil retaining structure is constructed by stacking, in the hole axis direction, a structure formed by annularly arranging a plurality of soil retaining panels along the wall surface of the excavation hole.

[0003] In the soil retaining structure, as the depth of the excavation hole increases, the earth pressure from the ground side increases, and the rigidity may not be sufficient with only the corrugated steel plate. Also, regardless of the depth, depending on soil conditions etc., there may be cases where earth pressure and water pressure act and the external force is large. Further, as the depth in the hole axis direction increases, the self-weight of the structure arranged above acts on the structure arranged below. Therefore, in the soil retaining structure, at locations where the rigidity is insufficient, an H-shaped steel called a reinforcing ring is sandwiched between adjacent corrugated steel plates vertically to increase the rigidity.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] However, the construction of the reinforcing ring is complicated and time-consuming, so there is a problem that the construction period is prolonged and the construction cost increases. Therefore, a soil retaining panel for constructing a soil retaining structure that can omit the installation of the reinforcing ring is desired.

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems by providing an earth-retaining panel that is easy to assemble, reduces processing costs, and has rigidity corresponding to earth pressure, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The earth retaining panel according to the present invention is an earth retaining panel used to construct an earth retaining structure in an excavated hole formed by excavating the ground, and comprises a flat web portion facing the wall surface of the excavated hole, and a flat portion provided at one of the opposing ends of the web portion in the axial direction of the excavated hole. a pair A first flange portion, and a pair of flat second flange portions provided at the other opposing ends of the web portion in the circumferential direction of the borehole, A reinforcing member is provided, which is positioned to abut against the outer surface of at least one of the pair of first flange portions and extends along the first flange portion, Equipped with The first flange portion has a plurality of connecting holes formed along its longitudinal direction, and the reinforcing member has both ends in the longitudinal direction joined to a pair of the second flange portions, and a plurality of joining holes formed at positions corresponding to the plurality of connecting holes. It is. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] In this invention, a flat web portion is combined with a flat first flange portion and a flat second flange portion, making assembly easy, reducing processing costs, and providing rigidity that can withstand earth pressure and other factors. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a schematic front view showing an example of an earth retaining structure using earth retaining panels according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 2] This is a schematic perspective view showing an example of an earth retaining structure using earth retaining panels according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 3] This is a perspective view of the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 4] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the earth retaining panel according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 5] This is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the earth retaining panels according to Embodiment 1 are arranged vertically and connected. [Figure 6] This is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the earth retaining panels according to Embodiment 1 are arranged and connected in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole. [Figure 7] It is a perspective view showing a modified example of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 8] It is a longitudinal sectional view of the earth-retaining panel of the modified example shown in FIG. 7. [Figure 9] It is an explanatory view showing a state where the earth-retaining panels of the modified example shown in FIG. 7 are arranged vertically and connected. [Figure 10] It is a perspective view showing an example of the corrugated steel sheet used for the earth-retaining structure in Embodiment 1. [Figure 11] It is a longitudinal sectional view of the corrugated steel sheet shown in FIG. 10. [Figure 12] It is a longitudinal sectional view showing different forms of the corrugated steel sheet in Embodiment 1. [Figure 13] It is an explanatory view schematically showing an example of a construction method of an earth-retaining structure using the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 1. [Figure 14] It is a perspective view of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 2. [[ID=2\3]] [Figure 15] It is a longitudinal sectional view of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 2. [Figure 16] [[ID=:28]]It is a perspective view of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 3. [Figure 17] It is a longitudinal sectional view of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 3. [Figure 18] It is a perspective view of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 4. [Figure 19] It is a longitudinal sectional view of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 4. [Figure 20] It is a longitudinal sectional view of Modified Example 1 of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 4. [Figure 21] It is a longitudinal sectional view of Modified Example 2 of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 4. [Figure 22] It is a longitudinal sectional view of Modified Example 3 of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 4. [Figure 23] It is a longitudinal sectional view of Modified Example 4 of the earth-retaining panel according to Embodiment 4.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted or simplified as appropriate. Furthermore, the shape, size, and arrangement of the configurations shown in each drawing can be modified as appropriate within the scope of the present invention. In addition, terms indicating direction (e.g., up, down, left, and right) are used as appropriate to facilitate understanding, but these notations are for the convenience of explanation and do not limit the arrangement, direction, and orientation of the devices, instruments, or parts.

[0011] Embodiment 1. First, an example of a retaining wall structure 100 using the retaining wall panel 1 according to this embodiment 1 will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 is a schematic front view showing an example of a retaining wall structure 100 using the retaining wall panel 1 according to this embodiment 1. Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a retaining wall structure 100 using the retaining wall panel 1 according to this embodiment 1. Note that Figure 2 shows an example extracted from a part of Figure 1.

[0012] The earth retaining structure 100 is, for example, a shaft for constructing the foundation of a structure or a sewer, or a structure such as a water collection well constructed underground. As shown in Figure 1, the earth retaining structure 100 is constructed in a vertical excavation hole 201 formed by excavating the ground 200. The earth retaining structure 100 comprises a first earth retaining structure section 101 constructed by installing earth retaining panels 1, and a second earth retaining structure section 102 constructed by installing corrugated steel plates 5.

[0013] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first retaining wall structure 101 is constructed by stacking multiple layers of a structure 101A, which is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view by arranging retaining wall panels 1 in a ring along the wall surface of the excavation hole 201, in the direction of the hole axis (Y direction). The first retaining wall structure 101 is assembled by arranging the retaining wall panels 1 in a staggered pattern. As shown in Figure 2, L-shaped retaining wall panels 1 for corner sections are placed at the rectangular corners of the structure 101A via corner members 6. Furthermore, the number of retaining wall panels 1 in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the retaining wall structure 100 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is just an example and is not limited thereto.

[0014] On the other hand, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the second earth retaining structure 102 is constructed by stacking multiple layers of a structure 102A, which is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view by arranging corrugated steel plates 5 in a ring shape along the wall surface of the excavation hole 201, in the direction of the hole axis (Y direction). The second earth retaining structure 102 is assembled by arranging the corrugated steel plates 5 in a staggered pattern. Note that the number of corrugated steel plates 5 in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the earth retaining structure 100 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is just an example and is not limited thereto.

[0015] Next, the first earth retaining structure 101 will be described based on Figures 3 to 9, with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the earth retaining panel 1 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the earth retaining panel 1 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the earth retaining panels 1 according to Embodiment 1 are arranged vertically and connected. Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the earth retaining panels 1 according to Embodiment 1 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole 201 and connected.

[0016] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the retaining wall panel 1 constituting the first retaining wall structure 101 comprises a flat web portion 10 facing the wall surface of the excavation hole 201, a pair of first flange portions 11A and 11B provided at one opposing end of the web portion 10 in the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 201, and a pair of second flange portions 12 provided at the other opposing end of the web portion 10 in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole 201. The upper first flange portion 11A forms the upper surface of the retaining wall panel 1. The lower first flange portion 11B forms the lower surface of the retaining wall panel 1. The pair of second flange portions 12 form the left and right sides of the retaining wall panel 1. In this embodiment, "up and down" refers to the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 201, and "left and right" refers to the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavation hole 201.

[0017] As shown in Figure 4, the retaining wall panel 1 has an H-shaped cross-section formed by the web portion 10 and the first flange portions 11A and 11B. The retaining wall panel 1 is formed in a concave shape with the web portion 10, the first flange portions 11A and 11B, and the second flange portion 12, opening towards the inside of the excavation hole 201 and towards the ground, respectively. The width B of the first flange portions 11A and 11B in the radial direction of the excavation hole 201 varies depending on the soil type and depth of the excavation hole 201, but is for example about 100 mm to 400 mm. The height H of the retaining wall panel 1 in the axial direction of the hole (Y direction) is designed in a range of approximately 500 mm to 1000 mm, with 500 mm being the standard, taking into consideration the safety and efficiency of the workers constructing the retaining wall structure 100. The thickness of the web portion 10 is for example about 8 mm. The thickness of the first flange portions 11A and 11B is for example about 12 mm.

[0018] The web portion 10 and the first flange portions 11A and 11B may be formed as rolled H-beams or as built H-beams. A rolled H-beam is an H-beam formed by rolling. A built H-beam is formed by welding together a pair of steel plates that will become the pair of first flange portions 11A and 11B and a steel plate that will become the web portion 10 to form an H shape. Rolled H-beams are preferable for manufacturing earth retaining panels 1 because they can be manufactured at a lower cost than built H-beams.

[0019] As shown in Figure 3, the first flange portions 11A and 11B have multiple connecting holes 11a formed along their longitudinal direction for connecting adjacent retaining walls 1 stacked vertically in the axial direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 201, or for connecting a retaining wall 1 to a corrugated steel plate 5. As shown in Figure 5, adjacent retaining walls 1 are connected by butting the upper first flange portion 11A and the lower first flange portion 11B together and fastening the shaft portion of a bolt 13a inserted through the connecting hole 11a with a nut 13b. The connecting holes 11a are formed on the inside of the excavation hole, offset from the neutral axis. This is so that workers can connect the retaining walls 1 inside the excavation hole 201. Furthermore, the means for connecting the first flange portions 11A and 11B of adjacent retaining walls 1 are not limited to bolts 13a and nuts 13b; for example, connecting devices such as clips may also be used. Furthermore, the number of connecting holes 11a shown in the illustration is just an example and is not limited to this.

[0020] The pair of second flange portions 12 are, for example, made of steel plates with a thickness of approximately 12 mm. The thickness of the second flange portions 12 is determined according to the strength and rigidity required for the earth retaining structure 100. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the pair of second flange portions 12 are joined by welding to both end faces of the web portion 10 and the first flange portions (11A and 11B). Multiple connecting holes 12a are formed in the second flange portions 12 for connecting adjacent earth retaining panels 1 arranged in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavation hole 201. As shown in Figure 6, adjacent earth retaining panels 1 are connected by butting the second flange portions 12 together and fastening the shafts of bolts 14a inserted through each other's connecting holes 12a with nuts 14b. The means for connecting the second flange portions 12 of adjacent earth retaining panels 1 are not limited to bolts 14a and nuts 14b; for example, connecting devices such as clips may also be used. Furthermore, the number of connecting holes 12a shown in the illustration is just an example and is not limited to this.

[0021] Furthermore, if the retaining wall panel 1 is formed by welding the web portion 10 and the first flange portions 11A and 11B together using a built-in H-beam, the thickness of the web portion 10 can be reduced. Therefore, a shape-retaining member (not shown) may be provided between the upper and lower first flange portions 11A and 11B to maintain the shape of the retaining wall panel 1 during manufacturing, transportation, and construction. The shape-retaining member may be composed of a plate-shaped member made of, for example, a steel plate, or a rod-shaped member made of a reinforcing bar. The shape and number of shape-retaining members to be installed will be determined considering, for example, the size and shape of the retaining wall panel 1. Also, the shape-retaining member is not necessarily required and may be omitted. When the web portion 10 and the flange portions 11A and 11B are formed by welding together, as in the case of a built-in H-beam, the connecting hole 11a can be formed near the center of the flange portions 11A and 11B by positioning the web portion 10 closer to the ground.

[0022] Figure 7 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the retaining wall panel 1 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the modified retaining wall panel 1 shown in Figure 7. As the depth of the excavation hole 201 increases, the soil pressure from the ground side of the retaining wall structure 100 increases, and the structure may not have sufficient rigidity. In addition, regardless of the depth, soil pressure and water pressure may act on the structure, resulting in large external forces depending on the soil conditions. To address such cases, the retaining wall panel 1 may be configured to include reinforcing members 15 that extend along the longitudinal direction of the first flange portions 11A and 11B, and are provided on the upper surface of the first flange portion 11A and the lower surface of the first flange portion 11B, as shown in Figures 7 and 8.

[0023] The reinforcing member 15 is made of angle steel, and is positioned with one inner surface of the L-shape facing the outer surfaces of the first flange portions 11A and 11B. As shown in Figure 7, the reinforcing member 15 is positioned sandwiched between a pair of second flange portions 12, with both longitudinal ends abutting against the inner surfaces of the second flange portions 12, and both ends being welded to the inner surfaces of the second flange portions 12. The width of the second flange portions 12 is formed to match the width dimension of the reinforcing member 15 in the short direction.

[0024] Furthermore, the reinforcing member 15 may be configured such that both ends in the longitudinal direction are positioned on the lower or upper end surface of the second flange portion 12 and joined to the outer surface of the second flange portion 12. In short, as long as both ends in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing member 15 can be joined to the second flange portion 12, it may be joined to the inner surface of the second flange portion 12 or to the outer surface of the second flange portion 12.

[0025] On the other hand, the reinforcing member 15 is not joined to the first flange portions 11A and 11B, and is positioned with one inner surface of the L-shape in contact with the outer surfaces of the first flange portions 11A and 11B. In this way, the reinforcing member 15 is integrated with the first flange portions (11A and 11B) and the second flange portion 12. It should be noted that the reinforcing member 15 does not need to be joined to the first flange portions 11A and 11B, but there is no particular problem if it is joined to the first flange portions 11A and 11B by welding, for example. For example, if the reinforcing member 15 has a long longitudinal length, it may be intermittently welded to the first flange portions 11A and 11B in order to maintain its shape.

[0026] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7, the reinforcing member 15 has connecting holes 15a formed at positions corresponding to the connecting holes 11a formed in the first flange portions 11A and 11B of the earth retaining panel 1.

[0027] Although the diagram shows the reinforcing member 15 positioned opposite each of the first flange portions 11A and 11B, it is not limited to this configuration and may be provided only on the upper first flange portion 11A or the lower first flange portion 11B. Furthermore, the reinforcing member 15 is not limited to the angle steel shown in the diagram, but may be made of H-shaped steel or channel steel, or it may be formed by combining steel plates to create an H-shape, T-shape, L-shape, concave shape, etc.

[0028] Figure 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a modified example of the retaining wall panel 1 shown in Figure 7, arranged vertically and connected. When the retaining wall panels 1 shown in Figures 7 and 8 are arranged vertically and connected, as shown in Figure 9, one outer surface of each reinforcing member 15 is abutted vertically, aligning the positions of the connecting hole 11a and the joining hole 15a, passing the shaft portion of the bolt 13a through the connecting hole 11a and the joining hole 15a, and fastening the shaft portion with a nut 13b. In this way, the reinforcing members 15 of vertically adjacent retaining wall panels 1 are joined and connected together with the first flange portions 11A and 11B of the retaining wall panel 1 using bolts 13a and nuts 13b.

[0029] Furthermore, as described above, the reinforcing member 15 may be formed by combining H-shaped steel, channel steel, or steel plates to create an H-shape or concave shape. Even in this case, a sufficient gap can be secured between the web portion 10 of the retaining wall panel 1 and the flange of the H-shaped steel or channel steel. Therefore, the work of bolting together the first flange portions 11A and 11B of vertically adjacent retaining wall panels 1, and the work of bolting together the second flange portions 12 of horizontally adjacent retaining wall panels 1 can be easily performed.

[0030] When connecting the retaining wall panel 1 shown in Figure 3 at the top and the retaining wall panel 1 shown in Figure 7 at the bottom, the first flange portion 11B of the upper retaining wall panel 1 is abutted against one outer surface of the reinforcing member 15 of the lower retaining wall panel 1, aligning the positions of the connecting holes 11a and joining holes 15a. Then, bolts 13a are inserted through the connecting holes 11a and joining holes 15a of the lower retaining wall panel 1 and the connecting hole 11a of the upper retaining wall panel 1, and the shaft portion of the bolts 13a is fastened with nuts 13b. In this way, the reinforcing member 15 of the lower retaining wall panel 1, together with the first flange portion 11A, is joined to the first flange portion 11B of the upper retaining wall panel 1 with bolts 13a and nuts 13b. The same procedure is used when connecting the retaining wall panel 1 shown in Figure 3 at the bottom and the retaining wall panel 1 shown in Figure 7 at the top.

[0031] Next, the second earth retaining structure 102 will be described based on Figures 10 to 12, with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 10 is a perspective view showing an example of a corrugated steel plate 5 used in the earth retaining structure 100 in Embodiment 1. Figure 11 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the corrugated steel plate 5 shown in Figure 10.

[0032] The corrugated steel sheet 5 is formed by bending so that its corrugated cross-section is angular, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, for example. The corrugated steel sheet 5 has a thickness of approximately 2.7 mm to 7 mm. The corrugated steel sheet 5 has circumferential flange portions 50 provided along the upper and lower edges, and axial flange portions 51 provided along both longitudinal edges. The circumferential flange portions 50 are formed by bending the corrugated steel sheet 5 so that it protrudes from the upper and lower edges toward the interior of the borehole 201. The axial flange portions 51 are formed by plates welded to both longitudinal edges of the corrugated steel sheet 5.

[0033] Multiple connecting holes 50a are formed along the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavated hole 201 in the circumferential flange portion 50 for connecting adjacent corrugated steel plates 5 stacked vertically in the hole axis direction (Y direction), or for connecting corrugated steel plates 5 to earth retaining panels 1. Adjacent corrugated steel plates 5 are connected by butting the circumferential flange portions 50 together and fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through the connecting holes 50a with nuts, for example. Adjacent earth retaining panels 1 and corrugated steel plates 5 are connected by butting the first flange portion 11A or 11B with the circumferential flange portion 50 and fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through the connecting holes 11a and 40a with nuts. Note that the means for connecting the circumferential flange portions 50 of adjacent corrugated steel plates 5 are not limited to bolts and nuts; for example, connecting devices such as clips may be used. Furthermore, the means for connecting adjacent earth retaining panels 1 and corrugated steel plates 5 are not limited to bolts and nuts; for example, connectors such as clips may be used. Also, the number of connecting holes 50a shown in the illustration is just an example and is not limited thereto.

[0034] Multiple connecting holes 51a are formed along the axial direction (Y direction) of the borehole 201 in the axial flange portion 51 for connecting adjacent corrugated steel plates 5 arranged in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the borehole 201. Adjacent corrugated steel plates 5 in the circumferential direction (X direction) are connected by butting the axial flange portions 51 together and fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through the connecting holes 51a with nuts. Note that the means for connecting the axial flange portions 51 of adjacent corrugated steel plates 5 in the circumferential direction (X direction) are not limited to bolts and nuts, and connecting devices such as clips may also be used. Also, the number of connecting holes 51a shown is just an example and is not limited thereto.

[0035] Figure 12 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing different forms of the corrugated steel plate 5 in Embodiment 1. The corrugated steel plate 5 may also be a liner plate with a sine curve-shaped corrugated cross section, as shown in Figure 12. In the earth retaining structure 100, the earth pressure from the ground increases as the depth of the excavation hole 201 increases, and furthermore, the self-weight of the structure 102A located above acts on the structure 102A located below. Therefore, depending on the shape and size of the earth retaining structure 100 and the magnitude of the earth pressure from the ground, a corrugated steel plate 5 that is bent so that the corrugated cross section is angular is appropriately selected and used, as well as a corrugated steel plate 5 with a sine curve-shaped corrugated cross section.

[0036] Note that the corrugated steel sheets 5 shown in Figures 10 to 12 are examples and are not limited to these configurations. The corrugated steel sheets 5 may have other corrugated cross-sections.

[0037] Next, an example of a construction method for the earth retaining structure 100 described above will be explained with reference to Figure 13. Figure 13 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing an example of a construction method for an earth retaining structure 100 using the earth retaining panel 1 according to Embodiment 1. First, as shown in Figure 13(A), an excavation hole 201 for constructing the earth retaining structure 100 is formed in the ground 200. The excavation hole 201 is formed with an outer diameter that is, for example, about 20 cm larger than the outer diameter of the earth retaining structure 100. The depth of the excavation hole 201 is, for example, about 0.5 m to 1.5 m. Then, the corrugated steel plate 5 is arranged in a ring along the wall surface of the excavation hole 201 to assemble the structure 102A.

[0038] Structure 102A is assembled by sequentially arranging corrugated steel plates 5 along the circumferential direction of the wall surface of the excavated hole 201, and connecting adjacent corrugated steel plates 5 on the left and right with bolts and nuts. The corrugated steel plates 5 of the upper structure 102A and the corrugated steel plates 5 of the lower structure 102A are connected with bolts and nuts. The corrugated steel plates 5 of the upper structure 102A and the corrugated steel plates 5 of the lower structure 102A are arranged in a staggered pattern, with their positions in the circumferential direction being offset. This makes it possible to suppress variations in strength and rigidity at each position in the circumferential direction of the earth retaining structure 100. However, if the axial flange portion 51 of the corrugated steel plates 5 has sufficient thickness, they may be installed continuously in the hole axis direction (Y direction) without being arranged in a staggered pattern. In this way, a part of the earth retaining structure 100 is constructed by stacking multiple layers of structure 102A along the hole axis direction (Y direction) (3 layers in the illustrated example).

[0039] Next, as shown in Figure 13(B), the uppermost structure 102A is fixed to the ground 200 with a grid 300, and then the excavated hole 201 outside the structure 102A is backfilled with excavated soil. Note that the means for fixing the uppermost structure 102A to the ground 200 is not limited to the grid 300, and concrete may be used, for example.

[0040] Then, as shown in Figure 13(C), while excavating the ground, structures 102A and 101A are assembled to construct the second retaining wall structure 102 and the first retaining wall structure 101, and the excavation continues to a predetermined depth. After the uppermost structure 102A is fixed with the crisscross 300, a retaining wall panel 1 is placed at the lower end of the lowest structure 102A, along the circumferential direction of the wall surface of the excavation hole 201, and the retaining wall panel 1 is connected to the lowest corrugated steel plate 5 with bolts and nuts, and adjacent retaining wall panels 1 on the left and right are connected to each other with bolts and nuts to construct structure 101A. In addition, concrete or mortar is filled between the corrugated steel plate 5 and the excavation hole 201 as backfill injection material.

[0041] Thus, the earth retaining structure 100 is constructed by stacking annular structures 101A and 102A, as shown in Figure 1, in multiple layers along the axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 201, in a vertical excavation hole 201 formed by excavating the ground 200. The earth retaining structure 100 is not limited to the rectangular shape shown in Figure 1, and may be circular, oval-shaped, or U-shaped, such as a horseshoe, in plan view. The earth retaining panels 1 and corrugated steel plates 5 shall be constructed in a shape that corresponds to the shape of the earth retaining structure 100.

[0042] Furthermore, the second retaining wall structure 102 is not limited to the four stages shown in the figure, but may have one or more stages. Also, the retaining wall structure 100 in this embodiment is not limited to having a second retaining wall structure 102 constructed of corrugated steel plates 5 and a first retaining wall structure 101 constructed of retaining wall panels 1, and although not shown in the figure, it may consist only of the first retaining wall structure 101 constructed of retaining wall panels 1. In addition, the retaining wall structure 100 may be constructed by combining retaining wall panels 1 of other configurations with the retaining wall panels 1 according to Embodiment 1.

[0043] As described above, the earth retaining panel 1 according to this embodiment 1 comprises a flat web portion 10 facing the wall surface of the excavation hole 201, flat first flange portions 11A and 11B provided at one opposing end of the web portion 10 in the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 201, and a pair of flat second flange portions 12 provided at the other opposing end of the web portion 10 in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavation hole 201. Therefore, since the earth retaining panel 1 according to this embodiment 1 is constructed by combining the flat web portion 10, the flat first flange portion 11 and the flat second flange portion 12, it is easy to assemble and reduces processing costs. Furthermore, since it can have rigidity corresponding to earth pressure, it can be used in excavation holes 201 where large earth pressures act or in deep parts of the excavation hole 201.

[0044] Embodiment 2. Next, the retaining wall panel 2 according to this second embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 14 and 15. Figure 14 is a perspective view of the retaining wall panel 2 according to the second embodiment. Figure 15 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the retaining wall panel 2 according to the second embodiment. Note that components identical to those described in the retaining wall panel 1 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted as appropriate.

[0045] As shown in Figures 14 and 15, the retaining wall panel 2 according to this second embodiment comprises a flat web portion 10 facing the wall surface of the excavation hole 201, a pair of first flange portions 11A and 11B provided at one opposing end of the web portion 10 in the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 201, and a pair of second flange portions 12 provided at the other opposing end of the web portion 10 in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole 201. The upper first flange portion 11A forms the upper surface of the retaining wall panel 1. The lower first flange portion 11B forms the lower surface of the retaining wall panel 1. The pair of second flange portions 12 form the left and right sides of the retaining wall panel 2.

[0046] The retaining wall panel 2 has a groove-shaped cross-section formed by the web portion 10 and the first flange portions 11A and 11B. The retaining wall panel 2 has a concave shape formed by the web portion 10, the first flange portions 11A and 11B, and the second flange portion 12, opening toward the inside of the excavation hole 201. The width B of the first flange portions 11A and 11B in the radial direction of the excavation hole 201 varies depending on the soil type and depth of the excavation hole 201, but is for example about 100 mm to 400 mm. The height H of the retaining wall panel 2 in the axial direction of the hole (Y direction) is designed in a range of approximately 250 mm to 1000 mm, with a standard of 500 mm, taking into consideration the safety and efficiency of the workers constructing the retaining wall structure 100. The thickness of the web portion 10 is for example about 9 mm. The thickness of the first flange portions 11A and 11B is for example about 13 mm.

[0047] The web portion 10 and the first flange portions 11A and 11B are channel steel formed by rolling. Alternatively, the web portion 10 and the first flange portions 11A and 11B may be formed by welding together a pair of steel plates that will form the first flange portions 11A and 11B and a steel plate that will form the web portion 10 to create a channel shape. Since channel steel formed by rolling can be manufactured at a lower cost than channel steel formed by welding steel plates, it is suitable for manufacturing the earth retaining panel 2.

[0048] As shown in Figure 14, the first flange portions 11A and 11B have multiple connecting holes 11a formed along their longitudinal direction for connecting adjacent retaining panels 1 stacked vertically in the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavated hole 201, or for connecting a retaining panel 1 with a corrugated steel plate 5. In the second embodiment, the connecting holes 11a of the retaining panel 2 are formed along the center of the first flange portions 11A and 11B. The retaining panel 2 may be moved by lifting it with a crane or the like using the connecting holes 11a. Therefore, considering the balance of weight when lifted with a crane or the like, the connecting holes 11a may be formed offset towards the web portion 10.

[0049] The other components are the same as those of the retaining wall panel 1 according to Embodiment 1 described above. For example, in the retaining wall panel 2 according to Embodiment 2, reinforcing members 15 may be provided on the first flange portions 11A and 11B to increase the cross-sectional rigidity.

[0050] Embodiment 3. Next, the retaining wall panel 3 according to this third embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 16 and 17. Figure 16 is a perspective view of the retaining wall panel 3 according to this third embodiment. Figure 17 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the retaining wall panel 3 according to this third embodiment. Note that components identical to those of the retaining wall panel 1 described in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted as appropriate.

[0051] As shown in Figures 16 and 17, the retaining wall panel 3 according to this third embodiment comprises a flat web portion 10 facing the wall surface of the excavation hole 201, a pair of first flange portions 11A and 11B provided at one opposing end of the web portion 10 in the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 201, and a pair of second flange portions 12 provided at the other opposing end of the web portion 10 in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole 201. The upper first flange portion 11A forms the upper surface of the retaining wall panel 3. The lower first flange portion 11B forms the lower surface of the retaining wall panel 3. The pair of second flange portions 12 form the left and right sides of the retaining wall panel 3. The retaining wall panel 3 also has a first planar portion 16 protruding from the middle of the web portion 10 and provided in parallel with the first flange portions 11A and 11B, and a second planar portion 17 provided at the tip of the first planar portion 16 and provided in parallel with the web portion 10.

[0052] The web portion 10, the first flange portions 11A and 11B, the first flat portion 16, and the second flat portion 17 are formed by combining two angle steels 30 and 31, which have an L-shaped cross-section, and one H-shaped steel 32. Specifically, the H-shaped steel 32 is positioned between the angle steel 30, which is positioned at the top, and the angle steels 30 and 31, and the H-shaped steel 32 are joined by welding. The angle steels 30 and 31 are positioned such that one bent surface protrudes toward the inside of the borehole 201, and the other bent surface is aligned with the borehole axis direction (Y direction). The upper end surface of one flange portion of the H-shaped steel 32 is welded to the end surface of the bent surface of the upper angle steel 30, which is aligned with the borehole axis direction (Y direction). The lower end surface of one flange portion of the H-shaped steel 32 is welded to the end surface of the bent surface of the lower angle steel 31, which is aligned with the borehole axis direction (Y direction). Furthermore, angle steels 30 and 31 and H-shaped steel 32 may be bolted together, for example, using splice plates. Alternatively, the bent surfaces of angle steels 30 and 31 along the hole axis direction (Y direction) and the flange portion of H-shaped steel 32 may be bolted together with a partial overlap.

[0053] The web section 10 is divided into three parts along the hole axis direction (Y direction): an upper section 10a, a middle section 10b, and a lower section 10c. The upper section 10a and the upper first flange section 11A of the web section 10 are formed from a single angle steel 30. The lower section 10c and the lower first flange section 11B of the web section 10 are formed from a single angle steel 31. The middle section 10b, the first flat section 16, and the second flat section 17 of the web section 10 are formed from an H-shaped steel 32. The middle section 10b and the second flat section 17 of the web section 10 correspond to the flanges of the H-shaped steel 32. The first flat section 16 corresponds to the web of the H-shaped steel 32.

[0054] The width B of the first flange portions 11A and 11B in the radial direction of the excavation hole 201 varies depending on the soil type and depth of the excavation hole 201, but is approximately 100 mm to 400 mm. The height H of the retaining wall panel 3 in the axial direction (Y direction) of the hole is designed to be approximately 500 mm, with a standard of 500 mm, taking into consideration the safety and efficiency of the workers constructing the retaining wall structure 100. The thickness of the web portion 10 is approximately 12 mm as an example. The thickness of the first flange portions 11A and 11B is approximately 12 mm as an example.

[0055] The two angle steels 30 and 31 and the one H-shaped steel 32 are each formed by rolling. However, the angle steels 30 and 31 may be formed by welding two steel plates together to create an angled shape. The H-shaped steel 32 may also be formed by welding a pair of steel plates that form the flange and a steel plate that forms the web together. Since the angle steels 30 and 31 and the H-shaped steel 32 formed by rolling can be manufactured at a lower cost than structures formed by welding steel plates, they are suitable for manufacturing the earth retaining panel 3.

[0056] Furthermore, the earth retaining panel 3 may be formed by welding together a web portion 10, a pair of first flange portions 11A and 11B, a first flat portion 16, and a second flat portion 17, each made from a single steel plate. Alternatively, the earth retaining panel 3 may be formed by using channel steel for the web portion 10 and the pair of first flange portions 11A and 11B, and welding together a steel plate that will become the first flat portion 16 and a steel plate that will become the second flat portion 17.

[0057] The other components are the same as those of the retaining wall panel 1 according to Embodiment 1 described above. For example, in the retaining wall panel 3 according to Embodiment 3, reinforcing members 15 may be provided on the first flange portions 11A and 11B to increase the cross-sectional rigidity.

[0058] Embodiment 4. Next, the retaining wall panel 4 according to this embodiment 4 will be described with reference to Figures 18 and 19. Figure 18 is a perspective view of the retaining wall panel 4 according to embodiment 4. Figure 19 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the retaining wall panel 4 according to embodiment 4. Note that components identical to those of the retaining wall panel 1 described in embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted as appropriate.

[0059] As shown in Figures 18 and 19, the retaining wall panel 4 according to this fourth embodiment comprises a flat web portion 10 facing the wall surface of the excavation hole 201, a pair of first flange portions 11A and 11B provided at one opposing end of the web portion 10 in the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 201, and a pair of second flange portions 12 provided at the other opposing end of the web portion 10 in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole 201. The upper first flange portion 11A forms the upper surface of the retaining wall panel 4. The lower first flange portion 11B forms the lower surface of the retaining wall panel 4. The pair of second flange portions 12 form the left and right sides of the retaining wall panel 4. The retaining wall panel 4 also has a first planar portion 16 that protrudes from the middle of the web portion 10 and is provided in parallel with the first flange portions 11A and 11B.

[0060] The web portion 10, the first flange portions 11A and 11B, and the first planar portion 16 are formed by stacking two channel steel sections 40 and 41, each having a groove-shaped cross-section, vertically. The two channel steel sections 40 and 41 are stacked along the hole axis direction (Y direction) such that their opening faces face the excavation side. The web portion 10 is divided into two parts, an upper section 10a and a lower section 10c, along the hole axis direction (Y direction). The upper section 10a of the web portion 10 is formed by the web of the upper channel steel section 40. The lower section 10c of the web portion 10 is formed by the web of the lower channel steel section 41. The upper first flange portion 11A is formed by the upper flange of the upper channel steel section 40. The lower first flange portion 11B is formed by the lower flange of the lower channel steel section 41. The first flat section 16 is formed by overlapping the lower flange of the upper channel steel 40 and the upper flange of the lower channel steel 41 and joining them by welding or bolting.

[0061] The width B of the first flange portions 11A and 11B in the radial direction of the excavation hole 201 varies depending on the soil type and depth of the excavation hole 201, but is approximately 100 mm to 400 mm. The height H of the retaining wall panel 4 in the axial direction (Y direction) of the hole is designed to be approximately 500 mm, with a standard of 500 mm, taking into consideration the safety and efficiency of the workers constructing the retaining wall structure 100. The thickness of the web portion 10 is approximately 12 mm as an example. The thickness of the first flange portions 11A and 11B is approximately 12 mm as an example.

[0062] The channel steel sections 40 and 41 are formed by rolling. However, the channel steel sections 40 and 41 may also be formed by welding together multiple steel plates to create a channel shape. Since the channel steel sections 40 and 41 formed by rolling can be manufactured at a lower cost than those formed by welding steel plates, they are suitable for manufacturing the earth retaining panels 4.

[0063] Furthermore, the retaining wall panel 4 may be formed by welding together a web portion 10, a pair of first flange portions 11A and 11B, and a first flat portion 16, each made from a single steel plate. Alternatively, the retaining wall panel 4 may be formed by using channel steel for the web portion 10 and the pair of first flange portions 11A and 11B, and welding together a steel plate to form the first flat portion 16. Moreover, the retaining wall panel 4 is not limited to a configuration in which two channel steels 40 and 41 are stacked vertically. The retaining wall panel 4 may be formed by stacking three or more steel materials with a channel-shaped cross-section vertically. In this case, there will also be multiple first flat portions 16.

[0064] The other components are the same as those of the retaining wall panel 1 according to Embodiment 1 described above. For example, in the retaining wall panel 4 according to Embodiment 4, reinforcing members 15 may be provided on the first flange portions 11A and 11B to increase the cross-sectional rigidity.

[0065] Modify 1 to 4 of the retaining wall panel 4 according to this embodiment 4 will be described with reference to Figures 20 to 23. Figure 20 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of Modify 1 of the retaining wall panel 4 according to embodiment 4. Figure 21 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of Modify 2 of the retaining wall panel according to embodiment 4. Figure 22 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of Modify 3 of the retaining wall panel according to embodiment 4. Figure 23 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of Modify 4 of the retaining wall panel according to embodiment 4.

[0066] The earth retaining panel 4A shown in Figure 20 has a structure that enhances rigidity by providing a stiffening member 7 with an H-shaped cross-section between the upper channel steel 40 and the lower channel steel 41, which are arranged vertically along the hole axis direction (Y direction). The stiffening member 7 is an H-shaped steel formed by rolling, but a built H-shaped steel may also be used. In the case of a built H-shaped steel, steel plates may be combined to form an H shape, or two channel steels may be combined to form an H shape. The stiffening member 7 is provided with the upper surface of the web 70 in contact with the lower flange of the upper channel steel 40, and the lower surface of the web 70 in contact with the upper flange of the lower channel steel 41. The web 70 of the stiffening member 7 and the lower flange of the upper channel steel 40 are welded or bolted together. Also, the web 70 of the stiffening member 7 and the upper flange of the lower channel steel 41 are welded or bolted together. Furthermore, the stiffening member 7 has one flange 71 positioned on the outer surface side of the web portion 10, and the other flange 72 positioned in front of the first planar portion 16. Both longitudinal ends of the stiffening member 7 are welded and joined to a pair of second flange portions 12. Note that the stiffening member 7 is not limited to a size that fits within the range of the second flange portion 12, as shown in Figure 20; for example, flanges 71 and 72 may extend beyond the second flange portion 12.

[0067] Furthermore, the stiffening member 7A shown in Figure 21 is a steel material with an L-shaped cross-section. The stiffening member 7A may be an angle steel formed by rolling, or it may be a structure formed by combining steel plates to create an L-shape. The stiffening member 7A is provided with one flat portion 70A in contact with the lower flange of the upper channel steel 40 on its upper surface, and the lower portion 70A in contact with the upper flange of the lower channel steel 41 on its lower surface. The flat portion 70A of the stiffening member 7A and the lower flange of the upper channel steel 40 are joined by welding or bolts. The flat portion 70A of the stiffening member 7A and the upper flange of the lower channel steel 41 are also joined by welding or bolts. In addition, both longitudinal ends of the stiffening member 7A are welded and joined to a pair of second flange portions 12. The other flat portion 71A of the stiffening member 7A is positioned in front of the first flat portion 16. By positioning the other flat portion 71A of the stiffening member 7A in this manner, the neutral axis of the retaining panel 4A approaches the central axis, resulting in a well-balanced cross-section. Although the other flat portion 71A of the stiffening member 7A is positioned downwards in Figure 21, it may also be positioned upwards.

[0068] The stiffening member 7B shown in Figure 22 is a steel material with a T-shaped cross-section. As shown in Figure 22, the stiffening member 7B may be formed by combining two angle steels 70B and 71B formed by rolling, or, although not shown, it may be made of a T-shaped steel formed by rolling. Alternatively, it may be made by combining steel plates to form a T-shaped cross-section. The stiffening member 7B is welded or bolted to the upper and lower channel steels 40 and 41. In addition, both longitudinal ends of the stiffening member 7B are welded to a pair of second flange portions 12. Note that one of the T-shaped planes of the stiffening member 7B is positioned in front of the first plane portion 16. This is to bring the neutral axis of the earth retaining panel 4A closer to the central axis and create a well-balanced cross-section.

[0069] Furthermore, the stiffening member 7C shown in Figure 23 is a steel material with a concave cross-section. The stiffening member 7C may be a channel steel formed by rolling, or it may be a structure in which steel plates are combined to form a concave cross-section. The stiffening member 7C is welded or bolted to the upper and lower channel steels 40 and 41. In addition, both longitudinal ends of the stiffening member 7C are welded to a pair of second flange portions 12. Note that although the flanges of the stiffening member 7C are positioned downwards in Figure 23, they may also be positioned upwards.

[0070] Furthermore, the retaining wall panel 4A may be formed by stacking three or more steel members having a groove-shaped cross-section. In this case, stiffening members (7, 7A, 7B, 7C) are provided between at least one pair of adjacent channel steel members.

[0071] Furthermore, instead of the channel steel 40 and 41 shown in Figures 20 to 23, the retaining wall panel 4A may use corrugated steel plates that have been bent so that the corrugated cross section is angular, as shown in Figures 10 and 11. Alternatively, instead of the channel steel 40 and 41 shown in Figure 20, the retaining wall panel 4A may use corrugated steel plates that have been bent so that the corrugated cross section is sine curve, as shown in Figure 12. In this case, similar to the channel steel 40 and 41 described above, the stiffening member 7 is provided with the upper surface of the web 70 in contact with the lower flange (circumferential flange portion 50) of the upper corrugated steel plate, and the lower surface of the web in contact with the upper flange (circumferential flange portion 50) of the lower corrugated steel plate. The web 70 of the stiffening member 7 and the lower flange of the upper corrugated steel plate are welded or bolted together.

[0072] Although the earth retaining panels (1-4A) have been described above based on embodiments, the configuration is not limited to the embodiments described above. The configuration of the earth retaining panels (1-4A) described above is just an example, and some of the components may be omitted, or other components may be included. Furthermore, earth retaining panel 1 may be formed so that the cross-section of the web portion 10 and the pair of second flange portions 12 is H-shaped. Similarly, earth retaining panel 2 may be formed so that the cross-section of the web portion 10 and the second flange portions 12 is groove-shaped. Also, the construction method of the earth retaining structure 100 described with reference to Figure 13 is just an example and is not limited to the embodiments described above. In short, the earth retaining panels (1-4A) include the range of design changes and application variations that are normally performed by those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical concept.

[0073] The earth retention panels (1-4A) described above may also include combinations of the features shown in the following appendices 1-10. These combinations are shown below.

[0074] (Note 1) A retaining wall panel used to construct a retaining wall structure in an excavated hole formed by excavating the ground, A flat, plate-shaped web portion facing the wall surface of the aforementioned borehole, A flat plate-shaped first flange portion is provided at one of the opposing ends of the web portion in the bore axial direction of the borehole, A retaining panel comprising: a pair of flat, plate-shaped second flange portions provided at the other opposing ends of the web portion in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole.

[0075] (Note 2) The earth retaining panel as described in Appendix 1, wherein the web portion and the first flange portion form an H-shaped cross-section.

[0076] (Note 3) The earth retaining panel as described in Appendix 2, wherein the web portion and the first flange portion are made of H-shaped steel formed by rolling.

[0077] (Note 4) The earth retaining panel as described in Appendix 1, wherein the cross-section of the web portion and the first flange portion is formed in a groove shape.

[0078] (Note 5) The earth retaining panel as described in Appendix 4, wherein the web portion and the first flange portion are made of channel steel formed by rolling.

[0079] (Note 6) The earth retaining panel according to Appendix 1, further having a first planar portion that protrudes from the middle portion of the web portion and is provided in parallel with the first flange portion.

[0080] (Note 7) The earth retaining panel according to Appendix 6, further comprising a second planar portion provided at the tip of the first planar portion and arranged in parallel with the web portion.

[0081] (Note 8) The earth retaining panel as described in Appendix 6, wherein the web portion, the first flange portion, and the first planar portion are formed by stacking a plurality of steel materials having a groove-shaped cross-section.

[0082] (Note 9) The earth retaining panel according to Appendix 8, wherein a stiffening member is provided between at least one pair of adjacent steel members.

[0083] (Note 10) The earth retaining panel as described in Appendix 9, wherein the stiffening member is a steel material having an H-shaped, L-shaped, T-shaped, or concave cross-section.

[0084] (Note 11) The earth retaining panel as described in Appendix 7, wherein the web portion, the first flange portion, the first planar portion, and the second planar portion are formed by combining two steel members having an L-shaped cross-section and one steel member having an H-shaped cross-section placed between the steel members.

[0085] (Note 12) The reinforcing member further extends along the first flange portion and is provided on at least one of the pair of first flange portions, The earth retaining panel according to any one of the appendices 1 to 9, wherein the reinforcing member has both ends extending along the first flange portion joined to a pair of the second flange portions. [Explanation of symbols]

[0086] 1, 2, 3, 4, 4A Earth retaining panel, 5 Corrugated steel plate, 6 Corner member, 7, 7A, 7B, 7C Stiffening member, 10 Web section, 10a Upper section, 10b Middle section, 10c Lower section, 11A, 11B First flange section, 11a Connecting hole, 12 Second flange section, 12a Connecting hole, 13a Bolt, 13b Nut, 14a Bolt, 14b Nut, 15 Reinforcement member, 15a Joining hole, 16 First flat section, 17 Second flat section, 30, 31 Angle steel, 32 H-beam, 40, 41 Channel steel, 50 Circumferential flange section, 50a Connecting hole, 51 Axial flange section, 51a Connecting hole, 70 Web, 71, 72 Flange, 70A, 71A Flat section, 70B, 71B Angle steel, 100 earth retaining structure, 101 first earth retaining structure, 101A structure, 102 second earth retaining structure, 102A structure, 200 ground, 201 excavation hole, 300 grid.

Claims

1. A retaining wall panel used to construct a retaining wall structure in an excavated hole formed by excavating the ground, A flat, plate-shaped web portion facing the wall surface of the aforementioned borehole, A pair of flat plate-shaped first flange portions are provided at one opposing end of the web portion in the bore axial direction of the borehole, A pair of flat, plate-shaped second flange portions are provided at the other opposing end of the web portion in the circumferential direction of the borehole, The device comprises a reinforcing member that is positioned to abut against the outer surface of at least one of the pair of first flange portions and extends along the first flange portion, The first flange portion has a plurality of connecting holes formed along its longitudinal direction. The reinforcing member is a retaining panel in which both ends in the longitudinal direction are joined to a pair of second flange portions, and a plurality of joining holes are formed at positions corresponding to a plurality of connecting holes.

2. The earth retaining panel according to claim 1, wherein the web portion and the first flange portion have a cross-section that is H-shaped.

3. The earth retaining panel according to claim 2, wherein the web portion and the first flange portion are made of H-shaped steel formed by rolling.

4. The earth retaining panel according to claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the web portion and the first flange portion is formed in a groove shape.

5. The earth retaining panel according to claim 4, wherein the web portion and the first flange portion are made of channel steel formed by rolling.

6. The earth retaining panel according to claim 1, further comprising a first planar portion that protrudes from the middle portion of the web portion and is provided in parallel with the first flange portion.

7. The earth retaining panel according to claim 6, further comprising a second planar portion provided at the tip of the first planar portion and arranged in parallel with the web portion.

8. The earth retaining panel according to claim 6, wherein the web portion, the first flange portion, and the first planar portion are formed by stacking a plurality of steel materials having a groove-shaped cross-section.

9. The earth retaining panel according to claim 8, wherein a stiffening member is provided between at least one pair of adjacent steel members.

10. The earth retaining panel according to claim 9, wherein the stiffening member is a steel material having an H-shaped, L-shaped, T-shaped, or concave cross-section.

11. The earth retaining panel according to claim 7, wherein the web portion, the first flange portion, the first planar portion, and the second planar portion are formed by combining two steel members having an L-shaped cross-section and one steel member having an H-shaped cross-section placed between the steel members.

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