Plastic oil conversion apparatus and method
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 神原 一喜
- Filing Date
- 2022-06-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-03
Smart Images
Figure 0007898694000001 
Figure 0007898694000002
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for decomposing waste containing plastic (including waste tires; the same shall apply hereinafter) with superheated steam to produce oil, i.e., for oilification.
Background Art
[0002] In recent years, the development of oilification apparatuses for extracting oil from waste containing plastic has been underway. For example, there is an oilification decomposition apparatus in which waste plastic or the like is placed in a decomposition tank and heated from the outside to heat the temperature of the plastic to about 400°C, which is its thermal decomposition temperature, for thermal decomposition to extract oil. In such an apparatus, since the thermal conductivity of plastic tends to be low, the treatment efficiency may not increase unless the inside of the apparatus is heated to nearly 800°C, which poses a problem in terms of safety. Therefore, in order to enhance safety, the following types of apparatuses have been proposed.
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
[0003]
Patent Document 1
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0004] According to the invention of Patent Document 1, plastic is charged into a reaction tank, steam is introduced into a steam introduction layer, the steam in the steam introduction layer is superheated by a heating device and the reaction tank is heated, the steam is ejected into the reaction tank by a steam ejection nozzle, and the plastic is reacted to decompose oil, and the steam and the oil can be discharged outside the reaction tank through a discharge section. According to this, it is said that plastic or the like can be decomposed under normal pressure and the safety can be enhanced. However, there remains room for improvement to provide an apparatus that can oilify plastic with a simpler structure, more efficiently, and more safely.
[0005] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method that can convert plastics into oil with a simpler configuration, higher decomposition efficiency, and greater safety. [Means for solving the problem]
[0006] The present invention relates to a reaction vessel into which a material to be processed, including plastic, is charged, A boiler that heats water to generate steam, A heating means for heating the temperature inside the reaction vessel, A steam injection means for injecting steam into the reaction vessel, The reaction vessel is equipped with a discharge means for discharging the vaporized substance that has vaporized in the reaction vessel, The heating means heats the internal temperature of the reaction vessel to 400°C or higher. The steam injection means provides steam generated by the boiler at a temperature of 100°C to 130°C. Heating to over 400℃ Injected into the reaction vessel This generates subcritical water. , The discharge means is characterized by discharging the vaporized substance to the outside of the reaction vessel and maintaining the pressure inside the reaction vessel at approximately atmospheric pressure. And, A reaction vessel into which materials to be processed, including plastics, A boiler that heats water to generate steam, A heating means for heating the temperature inside the reaction vessel, A steam injection means for injecting steam into the reaction vessel, Using an oil conversion apparatus equipped with a discharge means for discharging the vaporized substance vaporized in the reaction tank, The heating means is used to heat the internal temperature of the reaction vessel to 400°C or higher. The steam injection means provides steam generated in the boiler at a temperature of 100°C to 130°C. Heating to over 400℃ Inject into the reaction vessel by generating subcritical water , The above problem was solved by a method of oil conversion characterized by discharging the vaporized substance to the outside of the reaction vessel using the discharge means and maintaining the pressure inside the reaction vessel at approximately atmospheric pressure. [Effects of the Invention]
[0007] According to the present invention, when steam between 100°C and 130°C is injected into a reaction vessel heated to over 400°C, the steam rapidly reaches a critical temperature of 374.1°C. Consequently, the volume of the steam expands by approximately 317 times, creating a reaction pressure that transforms it into subcritical water. This water provides a radical reaction field to the organic materials and organic compounds being treated, while also inducing a hydrolysis separation reaction. As a result, vaporizable substances such as oil are discharged from the reaction vessel by a discharge means, while non-vaporizable substances remain as solids inside the reaction vessel. Thus, in the present invention, since it is only necessary to heat the reaction vessel to over 400°C and inject steam between 100°C and 130°C into it, a safer and more efficient oil conversion apparatus and method can be achieved. Furthermore, since the discharge mechanism releases the vaporized material to the outside of the reaction vessel, maintaining the pressure inside the vessel at approximately atmospheric pressure, there is no need to increase the strength of the reaction vessel. This allows for a simpler oil conversion system, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.
[0008] Furthermore, if the system is configured to include a desalination means that oxidizes the vaporized substance discharged by the discharge means to separate water and oil, it becomes easier to extract the oil.
[0009] Furthermore, if the heating means consists of a heat source and a heating tank into which the hot air heated by the heat source is supplied, and is further equipped with a heat exhaust means for discharging the hot air, it becomes easier to maintain the temperature inside the reaction vessel at a predetermined temperature.
[0010] Furthermore, if the heating means is configured not to heat the discharge means, the subcritical water 1 will be discharged as high-temperature steam, preventing the subcritical water 1 from leaking outside the reaction vessel, thus further enhancing safety.
[0011] Furthermore, by configuring the reaction vessel to maintain an internal temperature of 500°C or lower, the possibility of a steam explosion is reduced, resulting in a more safer handling and more efficient decomposition liquefaction apparatus and method.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0012] [Figure 1] Schematic diagram of the oilification device of the present invention. [Figure 2] Diagram explaining the state of water in relation to temperature and pressure.
Modes for Carrying Out the Invention
[0013] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
[0014] As shown in FIG. 1, the oilification device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a reaction tank 10, a heating means 20, a steam injection means 30, and a discharge means 40, and may additionally include an exhaust heat means 50 and a desalting means 60.
[0015] The reaction tank 10 is configured to be able to load therein an object to be treated containing plastic (including waste plastic and waste tires. The same shall apply hereinafter). The reaction tank 10 may be formed of a material that can withstand the heat transmitted from the heating means 20. Further, the internal structure of the reaction tank 10 may be devised so that heat convection easily occurs inside the reaction tank 10.
[0016] The heating means 20 can utilize a known heat source as long as it can heat the inside of the reaction tank 10 to 400°C or higher (preferably 400°C or higher and 500°C or lower) and maintain that temperature range. Although it is also possible to configure such that the heat source directly hits the reaction tank 10, as shown in the figure, it is preferable to use a heating tank in which warm air heated by a heat source that surrounds the outside of the reaction tank 10 is sent in. Thereby, it is easy to uniformly heat the reaction tank 10 and it is easy to make the temperature inside the reaction tank 10 a predetermined temperature. Note that, as the heat source, for example, a burner or an electric furnace can be used.
[0017] The steam injection means 30 is, for example, a nozzle that communicates with the inside of the reaction vessel 10 and is configured to inject steam at a temperature of 100°C to 130°C into the inside of the decomposition vessel 10. It is desirable that the steam injection pressure and injection volume be adjustable. Although a diagrammatic explanation is omitted, steam at a temperature of 100°C to 130°C can be generated in the amount necessary for oil conversion by heating water in a boiler.
[0018] In the oil conversion apparatus 100, the heating means 20 heats the inside of the reaction vessel 10 to 400°C or higher (preferably 400°C to 500°C), and the steam injection means 30 injects steam at 100°C to 130°C into the reaction vessel 10. As a result, the steam inside the reaction vessel 10 rapidly reaches a critical temperature of 374.1°C, and the minute volume of steam expands by approximately 317 times due to the rapid increase in temperature. This creates a reaction pressure on the steam, which becomes subcritical water 1, providing a radical reaction field to the organic and organic compounds being processed, as well as causing a hydrolysis separation reaction. Thus, from the organic and organic compounds, vaporizable substances such as oil become vaporized substances, while non-vaporizable substances remain as solids inside the reaction vessel 10. Thus, in this invention, plastics can be converted into oil by heating the reaction vessel 10 to 400°C or higher (preferably 400°C to 500°C) and injecting steam at 100°C to 130°C into it, making the process safer and more efficient. Most waste plastics can be decomposed by heating the reaction vessel 10 to 400°C to 450°C, but in the case of waste tires, decomposition is possible by heating the reaction vessel to a temperature higher than 450°C (preferably 450°C to 500°C).
[0019] The vaporized substance is discharged to the outside of the reaction vessel 10 by the discharge means 40. The discharge means 40 can be a simple tubular exhaust pipe as long as it can discharge the vaporized substance that has vaporized inside the reaction vessel 10 to the outside of the reaction vessel 10, but a pressure valve or a blower or suction device directed to the outside of the reaction vessel 10 can also be provided as needed. The discharge means 40 discharges the vaporized substance to the outside of the reaction vessel 10 and maintains the pressure inside the reaction vessel 10 at approximately atmospheric pressure (including a pressure slightly higher than atmospheric pressure). This can be achieved by devising the shape and size of the pipe, or by linking a pressure sensor installed inside the reaction vessel 10 with a discharge adjustment mechanism that adjusts the discharge amount. In this way, by having the discharge means 40 maintain the pressure inside the reaction vessel 10 at approximately atmospheric pressure, there is no need to increase the strength of the walls of the reaction vessel 10 more than necessary, so the oil conversion device 100 can be made simpler and manufacturing costs can be reduced.
[0020] Here, by configuring the heating means 20 not to heat the discharge means 40, the subcritical water 1 generated inside the reaction vessel 10 is discharged as high-temperature steam by the discharge means 40, preventing the subcritical water 1 from leaking outside the reaction vessel 10, thus further enhancing safety.
[0021] The heat exhaust means 50 can be simply a tubular heat exhaust pipe, as long as it can exhaust the heat generated by the heating means 20, but it can also be equipped with a blower or suction device as needed. In particular, if the heating means 20 is a heating tank into which hot air heated by a heat source is supplied, it can be configured to discharge this hot air. It may also be configured to adjust the amount of heat exhausted so that the temperature inside the reaction tank 10 is maintained at 400°C or higher (preferably 400°C to 500°C).
[0022] A known desalination apparatus can be applied as long as the desalination means 60 can oxidize the vaporized substance discharged from the reaction vessel 10 by the discharge means 40 and separate it into water and oil. By providing the desalination means 60, the oil that has been converted into oil can be easily extracted. In addition, a blower or suction device may be provided to efficiently introduce the vaporized substance into the desalination means 60. Furthermore, a heat exchanger may be provided between the reaction vessel 10 and the desalination means 60 in order to bring the vaporized substance flowing into the desalination means 60 to a desired temperature.
[0023] Using the oil conversion apparatus 100 described above, the material to be processed, including plastics, can be converted into oil as follows. First, the heating means 20 heats the internal temperature of the reaction vessel 10 into which the material to be processed is placed to 400°C or higher (preferably 400°C to 500°C), and the steam injection means 30 injects steam at 100°C to 130°C into the reaction vessel 10. As a result, the steam inside the reaction vessel 10 rapidly reaches a critical temperature of 374.1°C, and the minute volume of steam expands by approximately 317 times due to the rapid increase in temperature. This creates a reaction pressure on the steam, which becomes subcritical water 1, providing a radical reaction field to the organic and organic compounds in the material to be processed, as well as causing a hydrolysis separation reaction. Thus, from the organic and organic compounds, vaporizable substances such as oil become vaporized substances, while non-vaporizable substances remain as solids inside the reaction vessel 10.
[0024] Next, the vaporized substance is discharged to the outside of the reaction vessel 10 by the discharge means 40, and at this time, the pressure inside the reaction vessel 10 is maintained at approximately atmospheric pressure. As a result, the steam injected into the reaction vessel 10 by the steam injection means 30 reacts with subcritical water 1 inside the reaction vessel 10 and is then discharged from the discharge means 40 not as subcritical water 1, but as high-temperature steam containing the vaporized substance. Therefore, it becomes possible to produce subcritical water 1, which is dangerous to handle and has high production costs, safely and at low cost.
[0025] If the oil conversion device 100 is equipped with a desalination means 60, the vaporized substance discharged by the discharge means 40 is sent to the desalination means 60, where it is subjected to an oxidation reaction to separate it into water and oil.
[0026] Thus, with the oil conversion method using the oil conversion apparatus 100, when steam is injected into the reaction vessel 10, the pressure inside the reaction vessel 10 is approximately atmospheric pressure, so it is not necessary to increase the steam injection pressure unnecessarily, thus improving safety. In addition, inside the reaction vessel 10, the pressure increases as individual water droplets of steam are heated and expand, but this is reduced by the discharge means 40, so the pressure inside the reaction vessel 10 becomes approximately atmospheric pressure. As a result, there is no need to increase the strength of the reaction vessel 10, so the oil conversion apparatus 100 can be made simpler, and manufacturing costs can be reduced. Furthermore, an oil film is formed on the inner wall of the reaction vessel 10 as the oil of the material to be processed vaporizes and adheres to it, which prevents the oxidation reaction of the subcritical water 1.
[0027] Next, with reference to Figure 2, the characteristics of supercritical water, subcritical water 1, and subcritical water 2 will be described. Supercritical water is a fluid with a temperature of 374.1°C or higher and a pressure of 22.1 MPa (218 atmospheres) or higher. The density of supercritical water is the same as that of liquid water in a greenhouse (1 g / cm³). 3 Its viscosity is about 0.03 to 0.4 times that of water vapor at 100°C and 0.1 MPa, and it is tens to hundreds of times larger than that of water vapor. Its viscosity is as low as that of a gas, its self-diffusion coefficient is somewhere between that of a liquid and a gas, and it is an active fluid with high kinetic energy and a density about 1 / 10 that of a liquid. By controlling the temperature and pressure, it is possible to continuously and significantly control everything from macroscopic physical properties such as density and solubility to microscopic physical properties and structures such as the solvation structure of fluid molecules. It is easy to control elements that greatly affect the reaction field, such as dielectric constant and ion product, and it is a single solvent, exhibiting properties ranging from water-soluble to water-insoluble, and can provide everything from ionic reaction fields to radical reaction fields. Supercritical water has a strong oxidizing power that can corrode even precious metals that are said to be resistant to corrosion. Cellulose, dioxins, and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), which are stable substances at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, can also be decomposed in supercritical water. However, it is also difficult to handle because of its extremely high oxidizing power.
[0028] Subcritical water 1 is water vapor at a high temperature of 374.1°C or higher, but at a high pressure that does not reach the critical pressure of 22.1 MPa. Like supercritical water, it is active water vapor (classified as a gas) with high kinetic energy, providing a range of reaction fields from ionic to radical, but it does not become a supercritical fluid. By increasing the temperature or pressure, it can become closer to a supercritical fluid. For example, at 700°C and 10 MPa with a dielectric constant of 1.1, it will begin to dissolve organic substances with low dielectric constants, such as benzene.
[0029] Subcritical water 2 is a high-temperature, high-pressure liquid water with a large hydrolytic capacity at 150-350°C and 0.5-25 MPa. While supercritical water and subcritical water 1 have dielectric constants of around 1-10, subcritical water 2 has a dielectric constant of 15-45, making it a weakly to moderately polar solvent. Its ionic product is also lower than that of supercritical water and subcritical water 1, ranging from 10⁻¹⁵ to 10⁻²⁹ mol² / kg. 2 In contrast, the concentration drops to approximately 10⁻¹² to 10⁻¹¹, making it easier to handle than supercritical water or subcritical water.
[0030] As described above, supercritical water and subcritical water exhibit properties ranging from water-soluble to water-insoluble while being a single solvent, depending on the temperature and pressure, and can provide a range of reaction fields from ionic to radical. Therefore, by selecting the temperature and pressure, they can be used in a variety of applications.
[0031] The oil conversion apparatus and method of the present invention have great social significance because they can be effectively used for waste that is difficult or costly to treat in waste disposal. Specifically, they can reduce social risks by processing infectious medical waste on-site, handle mixed waste such as marine waste (beach debris, etc.) without salt treatment, separate impurities from waste oil and reuse it as fuel, and in some cases convert industrial waste containing chemical substances into oil.
[0032] As described above, the present invention provides an apparatus and method that can convert plastics into oil with a simpler configuration, higher decomposition efficiency, and greater safety. [Explanation of symbols]
[0033] 10 reaction vessels 20 Heating means 30 Steam injection means 40 Means of discharge 50 Heat dissipation means 60 Desalination means 100 Oil conversion equipment
Claims
1. A reaction vessel into which materials to be processed, including plastics, A boiler that heats water to generate steam, A heating means for heating the temperature inside the reaction vessel, A steam injection means for injecting steam into the reaction vessel, The reaction vessel is equipped with a discharge means for discharging the vaporized substance that has vaporized in the reaction vessel, The heating means heats the internal temperature of the reaction vessel to 400°C or higher. The steam injection means generates subcritical water by injecting steam generated in the boiler at a temperature of 100°C to 130°C into the reaction vessel heated to 400°C or higher. The discharge means is characterized by discharging the vaporized substance to the outside of the reaction vessel and maintaining the pressure inside the reaction vessel at approximately atmospheric pressure. Oil conversion equipment.
2. The vaporized substance discharged by the aforementioned discharge means is subjected to an oxidation reaction, and the water and It further includes a desalting means for separating the oil. The oil conversion apparatus according to claim 1.
3. The heating means includes a heat source and a mechanism that supplies warm air heated by the heat source. It consists of a heating tank, The system further comprises a heat exhaust means for discharging the aforementioned hot air. The oil conversion apparatus according to claim 1.
4. The heating means is configured not to heat the discharge means. The oil conversion apparatus according to claim 1.
5. The heating means heats the internal temperature of the reaction vessel to 500°C or less. An oil conversion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A reaction vessel into which materials to be processed, including plastics, A boiler that heats water to generate steam, A heating means for heating the temperature inside the reaction vessel, A steam injection means for injecting steam into the reaction vessel, Using an oil conversion apparatus equipped with a discharge means for discharging the vaporized substance vaporized in the reaction tank, The heating means is used to heat the internal temperature of the reaction vessel to 400°C or higher. The steam generated in the boiler at a temperature of 100°C to 130°C by the steam injection means is injected into the reaction vessel heated to 400°C or higher to produce subcritical water. The discharge means is used to discharge the vaporized substance to the outside of the reaction vessel, thereby maintaining the pressure inside the reaction vessel at approximately atmospheric pressure. Oil conversion method.
7. The aforementioned oil conversion apparatus further comprises a desalination means, The desalination means oxidizes the vaporized substance discharged by the discharge means, separating water and oil. The method for oil conversion according to claim 6.
8. The aforementioned oil conversion apparatus further comprises a heat dissipation means, The heating means comprises a heat source and a heating tank into which hot air heated by the heat source is supplied. The aforementioned heat dissipation means discharges the hot air. The method for oil conversion according to claim 6.
9. The heating means is configured not to heat the discharge means. The method for oil conversion according to claim 6.
10. The heating means is used to heat the internal temperature of the reaction vessel to 500°C or less. A method for oil conversion according to any one of claims 6 to 9.