Water quality management methods, water quality management equipment, water quality management systems, and water quality management programs

Abstract

To provide a water quality management method, a water quality management device, a water quality management system, and a water quality management program capable of providing information to improve water quality in water supply place with accuracy.SOLUTION: A water quality management method in accordance with the present invention is provided with steps of acquiring water quality information on supply water at least in one water supply water, and controlling water processing at a water distribution pond based on the water quality information.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a water quality management method, a water quality management device, a water quality management system, and a water quality management program. [Background technology]

[0002] The chlorine concentration in tap water is required to be maintained at 0.1 mg / L or higher according to the Water Supply Act. Therefore, in water treatment processes, it is necessary to adjust the water at the water supply source to achieve an appropriate chlorine concentration. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for predicting the amount of chemicals to be injected into the water to be treated based on predicted information regarding the raw water flowing into the water treatment process. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-168618 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] However, the above system was insufficient to accurately and appropriately measure the residual chlorine concentration in water supply areas, and further improvements were desired. This problem applies not only to chlorine concentration but also to water quality information in general, such as color and turbidity. The present invention was made to solve this problem and aims to provide a water quality management method, water quality management device, water quality management system, and water quality management program that can provide information to accurately improve water quality in water supply areas. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The water quality management method according to the present invention comprises the steps of acquiring water quality information of water supplied at at least one water supply station, and controlling the treatment of water in a water reservoir based on the water quality information.

[0006] The water quality management device according to the present invention includes a water quality information acquisition unit that acquires water quality information of water supplied at at least one water supply point, and an output unit that outputs the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the distribution tank based on the water quality information at the water supply point in order to adjust the residual chlorine concentration at the water supply point.

[0007] The water quality management system according to the present invention includes a measuring device that measures water quality information at least at a water supply point, a water quality information acquisition unit that acquires the water quality information from the measuring device, and an output unit that outputs the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the distribution tank based on the water quality information at the water supply point in order to adjust the residual chlorine concentration at the water supply point.

[0008] The water quality management program according to the present invention causes a computer to execute steps of acquiring the residual chlorine concentration of water supplied at at least one water supply point and outputting the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the distribution tank based on the water quality information at the water supply point in order to adjust the residual chlorine concentration at the water supply point.

Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide information for accurately improving the water quality at the water supply point.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010] [Figure 1] It is a diagram showing an example of the outline of the management area managed by the water quality management system according to the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the water quality management system according to the present invention. [Figure 3] It is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of the water quality management device. [Figure 4] [[ID=三十四]]It is a block diagram showing the software configuration of the water quality management device. [Figure 5] It is a flowchart showing the water quality management method. [Figure 6]This figure shows another schematic example of a management area managed by the water quality management system according to the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the water quality management system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The water quality management system according to this embodiment is a system for controlling the residual chlorine concentration of water in a distribution reservoir within a water treatment facility based on the residual chlorine concentration of water measured at the water supply point. As shown in Figure 1, this system is used for water quality management of water in a management area of ​​a single water treatment facility (distribution reservoir). In this management area, a water supply network (not shown) is formed to supply water from the distribution reservoir, and water is supplied to water supply points within the water supply network. The management area includes various facilities such as household facilities (single-family homes, apartments, etc.), public facilities, and water treatment plants, and the water supply equipment of these facilities can serve as water supply points. In this specification, in this management area, the water supply point furthest from the distribution reservoir will be referred to as the terminal water supply point, and the other water supply points will be referred to as intermediate water supply points. In addition, water supply points near the outer edge of the management area may also be referred to as terminal water supply points. In this example, water distributed from the reservoir is supplied to intermediate and terminal water supply areas, respectively, or it is supplied to the terminal water supply area via the intermediate water supply area. In this specification, when the term "water supply area" is used, it refers to both the terminal and intermediate water supply areas.

[0012] <1. System Overview> Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the schematic configuration of a water quality management system according to this embodiment. As shown in Figure 2, this system comprises a plurality of measuring devices 1 and a water quality management device 2 connected to these measuring devices 1 via a line such as the Internet. Measuring devices 1 are devices that measure the residual chlorine concentration of water at a water supply site. Measuring devices 1 can be known residual chlorine meters, or, for example, a device that estimates the residual chlorine concentration from the color of photographed water. Measuring devices 1 and the water quality management device 2 can be directly connected via a line, or the residual chlorine concentration acquired by measuring device 1 can be input to a mobile terminal such as a personal computer, tablet, or smartphone and transmitted to the water quality management device via the mobile terminal. Alternatively, an application capable of estimating the residual chlorine concentration from the color of photographed water can be installed on the mobile terminal, and the estimated residual chlorine concentration can be directly transmitted to the water quality management device 2 via the mobile terminal. Thus, measuring devices 1 capable of transmitting residual chlorine concentration to the water quality management device 2, a combination of measuring devices 1 and a mobile terminal, or a mobile terminal capable of calculating residual chlorine concentration correspond to the measuring devices of the present invention.

[0013] <2. Hardware configuration of the water quality management system> Figure 3 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the water quality management device 2. This water quality management device 2 is a computer in which a control unit 21, a memory unit 22, an external interface 23, and a communication interface 24 are electrically connected. Such a computer can be a general-purpose personal computer, a dedicated computer, or a tablet computer. Furthermore, the water quality management device 2 can be configured with multiple computers. In Figure 3, the external interface 23 and the communication interface 24 are referred to as "external I / F" and "communication I / F," respectively.

[0014] The control unit 21 includes a CPU, RAM, ROM, etc., and is configured to perform various information processing based on programs and data. The storage unit 22 is composed of an auxiliary storage device such as an HDD or SSD, and stores the water quality management program 221, water supply station measurement data 222, water reservoir measurement data 223, control data 224, and various data for driving the water quality management device 2. The water quality management program 221 is a program for calculating the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the water reservoir based on the residual chlorine concentration of the water supply station transmitted from the measuring device 1.

[0015] The water supply station measurement data 222 is the residual chlorine concentration of the water at each water supply station, and is data measured by the measuring device 1 at each water supply station. The water reservoir measurement data 223 is the residual chlorine concentration of the water measured at the water reservoir. The control data 224 is various data for controlling the treatment of water in the water reservoir, including the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the water reservoir calculated by the water quality management program, the amount of chemicals injected into the water reservoir to adjust the residual chlorine concentration, and the data from each water supply station used in equation (1) described later.

[0016] The external interface 23 is an interface for connecting to an external device and is configured appropriately depending on the external device to be connected. In this embodiment, the external interface 23 is connected to the display device 4 and the input device 5. The display device 4 is, for example, a display and is used to display the inputs, outputs, etc., described above. The display is not particularly limited, and a known liquid crystal display or the like can be used. The input device 5 is a keyboard, mouse, etc., and is used to perform the inputs described above. In addition, various external devices can be connected to the external interface 23 as appropriate. For example, a touch panel display that serves as both the display device 4 and the input device 5 can be used.

[0017] The communication interface 24 is, for example, a wired LAN (Local Area Network) module, a wireless LAN module, etc., and is an interface for wired or wireless communication. In other words, the communication interface 24 is an example of a communication unit configured to communicate with the measuring device 1 (or mobile terminal) or other devices.

[0018] The specific hardware configuration of the water quality management device 2 can be appropriately modified by omitting, substituting, and adding components depending on the embodiment. For example, the control unit 21 may include multiple processors. The control unit 21 may also be configured using an FPGA. The storage unit 22 may be configured using RAM and ROM included in the control unit 21.

[0019] <3. Software configuration of the water quality management system> Figure 4 shows an example of the software configuration of a water quality management device. In the water quality management device 2, the following processes are performed. Specifically, the control unit 21 of the water quality management device 2 loads the water quality management program 221 stored in the memory unit 22 into RAM, and then the CPU interprets and executes the water quality management program 221, functioning as a data acquisition unit (water quality information acquisition unit) 211 and an output unit 212 as shown in Figure 4.

[0020] The data acquisition unit 211 receives residual chlorine concentration data from the measuring device 1 at each water supply station. The data acquisition unit 211 also receives residual chlorine concentration data from water reservoirs. The residual chlorine concentration data from the reservoirs may be transmitted from the reservoir facilities, or the measured residual chlorine concentration can be manually entered directly.

[0021] The output unit 212 calculates the residual chlorine concentration of water in the water reservoir so that the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the water supply area is equal to or greater than a specified value (target value). For this reason, a predetermined value for residual chlorine concentration is set for each water supply area. For example, the residual chlorine concentration at the terminal water supply area in a managed area is set to 0.1 mg / L or higher under the Waterworks Act. However, a higher predetermined value, such as 0.15 mg / L or higher, or 0.20 mg / L or higher, can also be set. In addition, the residual chlorine concentration at intermediate water supply areas is set so that the residual chlorine concentration at the terminal water supply area is equal to or greater than a specified value. For example, if the residual chlorine concentration at a certain intermediate water supply area is 0.5 mg / L or higher, the residual chlorine concentration at a terminal water supply area further from the water reservoir can be set to 0.1 mg / L. Therefore, if it can be confirmed that the residual concentration at that intermediate water supply area is 0.5 mg / L or higher, it is possible to confirm that the residual chlorine concentration at the terminal water supply area is equal to or greater than the specified value without measuring the residual chlorine concentration at that terminal water supply area.

[0022] Thus, the predetermined values ​​of residual chlorine concentration at terminal water supply stations and each intermediate water supply station, and the relationship between the predetermined values ​​of residual chlorine concentration at each terminal water supply station and each intermediate water supply station are predetermined and stored in the storage unit 22 as the control data 224 described above.

[0023] The output unit 212 operates as follows: First, it determines whether the residual chlorine concentration of the water at the terminal water supply station or intermediate water supply station is equal to or greater than the specified value. For example, if the specified value for the terminal water supply station is 0.50 mg / L, and the measured residual chlorine concentration at the terminal water supply station is 0.50 mg / L or higher, then the residual chlorine concentration at the terminal water supply station is appropriate, and there is no need to adjust the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the distribution reservoir. On the other hand, if the residual chlorine concentration of the water at the terminal water supply station is less than 0.50 mg / L, for example, 0.40 mg / L, then the residual chlorine concentration at the terminal water supply station is not appropriate, and it is necessary to adjust the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the distribution reservoir.

[0024] In this case, the deviation between the measured residual chlorine concentration at the end water supply area and the specified value is obtained. In the above example, since this deviation is 0.10 mg / L, the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the water distribution tank is set so that the residual chlorine concentration at the end water supply area increases by 0.10 mg / L or more. At this time, the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the water distribution tank is calculated by the following formula (1).

[0025] Let the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the water distribution tank be C in , in [mg / L], and the residual chlorine concentration of the water measured at the water supply area be C TP [mg / L]. The relationship is expressed by the following formula (1). C TP / C in =exp(-kxt b ) (1) However, k is the overall residual chlorine concentration reduction rate coefficient [hr -1 , and t b is the residence time [hr], and these are set for each water supply area. k is a coefficient set for each water supply area according to the water temperature, water quality, etc., and t b is the residence time of the water from the water distribution tank to the water supply area.

[0026] Thus, since k and t b are values set for each water supply area, formula (1) is different for each water supply area. Specifically, the residual chlorine concentration C in of the water in the water distribution tank is calculated as follows. For example, for the above water supply area, when k = 0.11583 and t b = 6, the value on the left side of the above formula (1) is 0.5. That is, the residual chlorine concentration C in [mg / L] in the water distribution tank is twice the residual chlorine concentration C TP [mg / L] of the water in the water supply area. Therefore, if the above deviation is 0.10 mg / L, it is necessary to inject chemicals so that the residual chlorine concentration increases by 0.20 mg / L or more in the water distribution tank.

[0027] Subsequently, the output unit 212 calculates the injection amount of the chemical to be injected into the water distribution tank from the calculated residual chlorine concentration C in of the water distribution tank. For example, for the residual chlorine concentration C inA table showing the relationship between the calculated amount of chemicals injected and the calculated amount of chemicals can be created in advance. Subsequently, the water reservoir injects the calculated amount of chemicals. The chemicals are known chemicals for adjusting the chlorine concentration, such as sodium hypochlorite. The residual chlorine concentration C of the water reservoir is calculated by the output unit 212. in The amount of chemicals injected can be output in various ways, such as being displayed on the display device 4, stored in the memory unit 22, printed on paper, transmitted to various devices other than the water quality management device 2, stored on a storage medium other than the memory unit 22, sent via email, or notified by voice.

[0028] <4. Examples of water quality management methods> Next, an example of a water quality management method using the above system will be explained with reference to Figure 5. First, the residual chlorine concentration C at the terminal water supply point is measured using measuring device 1. TP (S1) The measured residual chlorine concentration C is measured using the measuring device 1 or the operator's mobile terminal, etc. TP The data is transmitted to the water quality control device 2 (S2). The water quality control device 2 receives the residual chlorine concentration C TP However, it is determined whether the residual chlorine concentration at the measured terminal water supply point is below the specified value (S3). If the measured residual chlorine concentration is above the specified value (NO in S3), the process is terminated. In other words, it is determined that water with an appropriate residual chlorine concentration is being supplied to the terminal water supply point.

[0029] On the other hand, if the measured residual chlorine concentration is below the specified value (YES in S3), the water quality management device 2 calculates the appropriate residual chlorine concentration C in the water reservoir using formula (1) corresponding to the measured terminal water supply station. in The residual chlorine concentration C is then calculated (S4). in Based on this, the water quality management device 2 calculates the amount of chemical to be injected into the water reservoir (S5). Finally, the calculated amount of chemical is injected into the water reservoir (S6). The injection of the chemical may be carried out by machinery in the water reservoir equipment based on the results of S5, or it may be carried out manually by operators or other personnel. In addition to the water quality management device calculating the injection amount in S5, the residual chlorine concentration C calculated in S4 is also used. inThe operator may calculate it based on this. Also, the residual chlorine concentration C calculated in S4 in This can be output using the various methods described above.

[0030] In this example, the terminal water supply station is selected as the water supply station, and an appropriate residual chlorine concentration C is set in the water reservoir. in The residual chlorine concentration C was calculated using the intermediate water supply source. in It is also possible to calculate this.

[0031] <5. Calibration of Equation (1)> Next, we will explain the calibration of equation (1). The value of k in equation (1) may change depending on water temperature, water quality, etc. Therefore, if the water temperature, water quality, etc. change, the value of k will change, and the correct C will be determined by equation (1). in There is a risk that it may not be possible to calculate the correct C. in To calculate this, it is necessary to adjust k to a value appropriate for the water temperature and water quality at that time. This point will be explained below.

[0032] For example, as in the example above, if the residual chlorine concentration of the water at the terminal water supply is 0.40 mg / L, the current amount of chemicals injected will not result in the correct residual chlorine concentration at the terminal water supply. Therefore, at the water reservoir, an arbitrary amount of chemicals greater than the current amount of chemicals injected (in the example above, a chemical that increases the residual chlorine concentration by 0.20 mg / L or more) is injected, and the residual chlorine concentration at the water reservoir is increased C in Measure it.

[0033] Next, the residual chlorine concentration C at the terminal water supply station or intermediate water supply station. TP Measure the residual chlorine concentration C. TP If the value is below the specified level, the amount of chemical injected is insufficient. Therefore, increase the injection amount and then re-check the residual chlorine concentration C. in Measure the residual chlorine concentration C. TP If the value is within the specified range, it means that the appropriate amount of chemicals has been injected into the water reservoir. Thus, the residual chlorine concentration C at the water supply site is determined. TP Residual chlorine concentration C when it exceeds the specified valueTP , C in Substitute this into equation (1) to calculate k. Therefore, this k will be suitable for the current water temperature and water quality, and the calibration of equation (1) will be completed.

[0034] <6. Features> As described above, this embodiment provides the following advantages. Conventionally, in order to ensure an appropriate residual chlorine concentration in the water supply area, the residual chlorine concentration was adjusted using only information from the water treatment facility (reservoir). As a result, depending on the actual retention time and water usage, the residual chlorine concentration set in the reservoir may not meet the predetermined value when actually used. In contrast, this embodiment adjusts the residual chlorine concentration using the residual chlorine concentration of the water supply area. That is, by considering the actual conditions of the water supply area and utilizing the residual chlorine concentration obtained at the water supply area, an appropriate residual chlorine concentration is calculated in the reservoir. Therefore, this embodiment can provide information for accurately calculating the residual chlorine concentration in the reservoir.

[0035] <7. Variation> Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Furthermore, the following modifications can be combined as appropriate.

[0036] (1) In the above embodiment, the residual chlorine concentration C of one water supply station (terminal water supply station and intermediate water supply station) TP Based on this, residual chlorine concentration C in Although the residual chlorine concentration C of multiple water supply stations is being calculated, TP Based on residual chlorine concentration C in This can be calculated. For example, in the example shown in Figure 6, two intermediate regions and one terminal region are shown. Each intermediate region contains multiple adjacent intermediate water sources. On the other hand, the terminal region contains a terminal water source and multiple intermediate water sources adjacent to it.

[0037] In this case, residual chlorine concentration C TP The residual chlorine concentration C of one water supply stationTP Instead, it is calculated from multiple water sources within the area. For example, the average, median, and mode of all or some of the water sources within the area are used to determine the residual chlorine concentration C in that area. TP Using equation (1), the residual chlorine concentration C in This allows for the calculation of residual chlorine concentrations at multiple water supply points. By using these residual chlorine concentrations at multiple water supply points, the residual chlorine concentration at the water reservoir can be calculated with high accuracy. From this perspective, water supply points included in a single area have statistically close residual chlorine concentrations C TP It is preferable that the water supply is a place where measurement tends to occur.

[0038] (2) In the above embodiment, a lower limit of the residual chlorine concentration is defined as a default value, but an upper limit can also be set. This is because if the residual chlorine concentration is too high, for example, the formation of trihalomethanes may become a problem. Therefore, the measured residual chlorine concentration C TP Using formula (1), the residual chlorine concentration C within the predetermined range is determined so that it falls within the predetermined range. in It is possible to calculate this.

[0039] (3) In the above embodiment, the residual chlorine concentration C in the water quality control device 2 in The amount of chemical to be injected is calculated from the residual chlorine concentration C in After calculating the amount of chemicals to be injected, the amount of chemicals to be injected can also be calculated using equipment other than the water quality management device 2 or by manual. Furthermore, in the water quality management method of the present invention, "control of water treatment in the water reservoir" refers to, for example, adjusting the amount of chemicals injected, as well as controlling the residual chlorine concentration C in This also means calculating [the value].

[0040] (4) When using equation (1), weighting can be applied depending on the type of water supply site and the type of person performing the measurement. For example, those engaged in water quality management and those who collect data frequently can be given higher weighting because the accuracy of the water quality information they provide is likely to be higher. As an example of weighting, those engaged in water quality management can be assigned 0.8, and others who are not familiar with water quality management can be assigned 0.2. In this case, for example, if the specified value for residual chlorine concentration at a water supply site within an area that is roughly the same distance from the reservoir is 0.5 mg / L, and the residual chlorine concentration measured by a water quality management worker is 0.7 mg / L, and the residual chlorine concentration measured by someone unfamiliar with water quality management is 0.6 mg / L, then the residual chlorine concentration at the water supply site within that area can be calculated as (0.7 mg / L × 0.8 + 0.6 mg / L × 0.2) / (0.8 + 0.2) = 0.68 mg / L. Since this value is higher than the specified value, it is judged to be acceptable. Furthermore, if there are multiple individuals involved in water quality management and others who are not familiar with water quality management, the measured values ​​(for example, the above 0.7 mg / L and 0.6 mg / L) can be averaged.

[0041] Furthermore, weighting can be applied according to the distance from the reservoir. For example, water supply points near the reservoir can be given greater weight. This has the advantage of having fewer uncertain factors such as pipe materials and pipe distances. On the other hand, water supply points far from the reservoir can also be given greater weight. In this case, areas with higher risk can be given a higher weight.

[0042] (5) In the above embodiments, the water quality management method, water quality management device, water quality management system, and water quality management program were described in S1 to S6 of Figure 5. However, the object of the present invention is to provide information for accurately improving the water quality at the water supply site. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the residual chlorine concentration C measured by at least steps S3 and S4 is TP The input is the residual chlorine concentration C. inIt is sufficient if the output is as follows. Therefore, steps S5 and S6 in the above embodiment are additional and should be performed as needed. Also, regardless of steps S1 and S2, the measured residual chlorine concentration C TP However, residual chlorine concentration C in It should serve as input for calculating [the value].

[0043] (6) In the above embodiment, the residual chlorine concentration C of the terminal water supply was measured. TP The deviation between the current value and the specified value is calculated, and based on this deviation, the difference between the current residual chlorine concentration in the water reservoir and the required residual chlorine concentration is calculated from equation (1). However, the residual chlorine concentration C of the terminal water supply station is measured without calculating the deviation. TP Based on equation (1), the required residual chlorine concentration C in the water reservoir is calculated. in It is also possible to calculate it directly.

[0044] (7) In the above embodiment, residual chlorine concentration is used as water quality information, but other information may also be used. For example, the chromaticity or turbidity of the water can be used as water quality information, and even if such water quality information is used, the method shown in the above embodiment can be used to treat the water in the reservoir to improve the chromaticity or turbidity. It is not necessary to use the numerical value of residual chlorine concentration itself as water quality information, but data such as numerical values ​​corresponding to it (for example, normalized numerical values) can be used, and such data can also be included in residual chlorine concentration, etc. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0045] 1: Measuring device 2:Water quality control device 21: Data acquisition unit (water quality information acquisition unit) 22: Arithmetic section

Claims

1. Multiple measuring devices for measuring the residual chlorine concentration of water supplied at multiple water supply points, The system comprises a water quality management device that can communicate with the aforementioned multiple measuring devices via a network, The water quality management device includes a data acquisition unit that acquires multiple residual chlorine concentration measurement values ​​transmitted from the multiple measuring devices and the residual chlorine concentration of water in the water reservoir. The system includes a control unit that calculates the amount of chemicals to be injected into the water reservoir based on the measured values ​​and the residual chlorine concentration of the water in the reservoir. The control unit is characterized by applying weighting to the measured value according to the type of person who performed the measurement, and weighting according to the distance from the water reservoir to the water supply site, and then calculating the amount of chemicals to be injected into the water reservoir. Water quality management system.

2. The control unit further comprises weighting the measured values ​​according to the type of person who performed the measurement, calculating a weighted average of the multiple measured values, and calculating the amount of drug to be injected based on the weighted average. The water quality management system according to claim 1.

3. The water quality management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the weighting according to distance, the control unit sets a higher weight for the measured value at the water supply site located near the water reservoir, or a higher weight for the measured value at the water supply site located far from the water reservoir.

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