Light-emitting devices, electronic devices, and lighting devices

Abstract

To provide a light-emitting apparatus with low consumption power.SOLUTION: A light-emitting apparatus includes a first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer. The first light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer existing between the anode and the cathode. The EL layer includes a layer containing a material whose refractive index to light with a wavelength of 467 nm is 1.75 or less. The first color conversion layer includes a first material that absorbs and emits light. The light emission from the first light-emitting device is delivered to the first color conversion layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to an organic compound, a light-emitting element, a light-emitting device, a display module, and lighting. This relates to lighting modules, display devices, light-emitting devices, electronic equipment, lighting devices, and electronic devices. Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned technical field. One aspect of the technical field relates to a product, method, or method of manufacture. Or, the present invention. One aspect of this is a process, machine, manufacture, or composition. This relates to matter. Therefore, the invention disclosed more specifically in this specification One aspect of the technical field is semiconductor devices, display devices, liquid crystal display devices, light-emitting devices, and lighting devices. A device, an energy storage device, a memory device, an imaging device, a method for driving them, or a method for manufacturing them. This can be given as an example. [Background technology]

[0002] Electroluminescence (EL) using organic compounds The practical application of light-emitting devices (organic EL devices) that utilize these (ence) is progressing. The basic configuration of a light-emitting device is an organic compound layer (EL layer) containing light-emitting material between a pair of electrodes. It is sandwiched in between. A voltage is applied to this device to inject a carrier, and the carrier By utilizing the recombination energy, light emission can be obtained from light-emitting materials.

[0003] Since such light-emitting devices are self-emissive, when used as pixels in a display, they become liquid crystals. Compared to other displays, it has advantages such as higher visibility and the elimination of the need for a backlight, and flat panel displays. It is suitable as an element for sprays. Also, a display using such a light-emitting device One of the major advantages of (I) is that it can be manufactured to be thin and lightweight. Furthermore, it has a very fast response speed. That is also one of its characteristics.

[0004] Furthermore, these light-emitting devices allow for the continuous formation of a light-emitting layer in two dimensions. This allows for the emission of light in a planar manner. This is different from point light sources such as incandescent bulbs and LEDs, This is a characteristic that is difficult to obtain with linear light sources such as fluorescent lamps, and therefore it is a surface light source that can be applied to lighting and the like. It also has high utility value.

[0005] Displays and lighting devices using light-emitting devices in this manner are applicable to a wide range of electronic devices. While suitable, research and development are underway to find light-emitting devices with even better characteristics.

[0006] One of the issues often raised when discussing OLED devices is light extraction. It has low efficiency. In particular, attenuation due to reflection caused by the difference in refractive index of adjacent layers is a problem. This is a major factor that reduces the efficiency of the chair. To mitigate this effect, the inside of the EL layer A configuration has been proposed in which a layer made of a low refractive index material is formed (for example, Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 1). (See Patent Document 1).

[0007] Light-emitting devices with this configuration have higher light extraction efficiency than light-emitting devices with conventional configurations. This makes it possible to create a light-emitting device with high external quantum efficiency, but such low temperature The refractive index layer is placed inside the EL layer without adversely affecting other important properties in the light-emitting device. It is not easy to form, because it requires a low refractive index and high carrier transport properties. This is because reliability is a trade-off when used in light-emitting devices. In organic compounds, carrier transportability and reliability stem from the presence of unsaturated bonds. Large organic compounds with many unsaturated bonds tend to have a high refractive index, which is the reason for this. ru.

[0008] On the other hand, displays using color conversion methods have been put into practical use. A color conversion method is a method that uses color conversion. By irradiating a substance exhibiting toluminescence with light from a light-emitting device, it is possible to produce light of a desired color. It refers to the method of conversion. A color conversion display simply converts the light from the light-emitting device. Compared to displays using a color filter method that cuts off color, the efficiency of photoluminescence Depending on the circumstances, it is easier to obtain a display with less energy loss and lower power consumption. It has certain characteristics. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-207356 [Non-Patent Document 1] Jaeho Lee, et al., "Synergetic electrode architecture for efficient graphene-based flexible organic light-emitting diodes," Nature Communications, June 2, 2016, DOI: 10.1038 / ncomms11791 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0010] Therefore, one aspect of the present invention aims to provide a novel light-emitting device. The objective is to provide a light-emitting device with high efficiency, or a light-emitting device with a long lifespan. The purpose is to provide a light-emitting device with a low driving voltage. .

[0011] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, highly reliable electronic devices or display devices are provided, respectively. The objective is to provide an electronic device with low power consumption or The purpose is to provide each display device.

[0012] The present invention only needs to solve one of the above-mentioned problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] One aspect of the present invention is a light-emitting device having a first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer. The first light-emitting device comprises an anode, a cathode, and a configuration located between the anode and the cathode. It has an EL layer, and the EL layer has a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first color conversion layer has a layer containing a material which absorbs light and emits light A light-emitting device in which light emitted from the first light-emitting device irradiates the first color conversion layer. That is the case.

[0014] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a light-emitting device having a first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer. The apparatus comprises the first light-emitting device having an anode, a cathode, and the anode and the cathode. It has an EL layer located in between, and the EL layer has a refractive index of 1 for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first color conversion layer has a layer with a density of 0.75 or less, and the first color conversion layer has a first substance that absorbs light and emits light. A light-emitting device in which light emitted from the first light-emitting device irradiates the first color conversion layer. That is the case.

[0015] Alternatively, another aspect of the present invention relates to a first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer. A light device comprising the first light-emitting device having an anode, a cathode, the anode, and the cathode It has an EL layer located between the layers, and the EL layer has an emissive layer and a hole injection layer, and the The hole injection layer is provided in contact with the anode, and the hole injection layer is resistant to light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first color conversion layer contains an organic compound having a refractive index of 1.75 or less, and absorbs light. The first material comprises a first light-emitting device that emits light, and the light emitted from the first light-emitting device is the first color conversion It is a light-emitting device that illuminates a layer.

[0016] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, for light with a wavelength of 467 nm Organic compounds with a refractive index of 1.75 or less contain the first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring. A monoamine compound having an aromatic ring, wherein the first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring and the preceding The third aromatic ring is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound, and the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule The proportion of carbon atoms forming bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals is between 23% and 55%. It is a light-emitting device made of mechanical compounds.

[0017] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, for light with a wavelength of 467 nm Organic compounds with a refractive index of 1.75 or less are organic compounds represented by the following general formula (G1). It is a light-emitting device.

[0018] [ka]

[0019] However, in the above general formula (G1), Ar1 , Ar 2 each independently represents a substituent in which a benzene ring or two or three benzene rings are bonded to each other. However, Ar , Ar 1 , Ar 2 one or both of which have one or more hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which carbon forms bonds only with sp3 hybrid orbitals, and the total number of carbon atoms contained in the hydrocarbon groups bonded to Ar and Ar 1 is 8 or more, and the total number of carbon atoms contained in the hydrocarbon groups bonded to at least one of Ar 2 and Ar is 6 or more. When a plurality of linear alkyl groups having 1 or 2 carbon atoms are bonded as the hydrocarbon groups to Ar 1 or Ar 2 , the linear alkyl groups may be bonded to each other to form a ring. In the above general formula (G1), R and R 1 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R 2 and R may be bonded to each other to form a ring. Also, R [[ID=3 may be bonded to each other to form a ring. Also, R and R 1 and R 2 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring. Also, R 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms , and u is an integer from 0 to 4.

[0020] Alternatively, another aspect of the present invention is a light-emitting device having a first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer, wherein the first light-emitting device has an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer located between the anode and the cathode, the EL layer has a light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer, the electron transport layer is located between the light-emitting layer and the cathode, the electron transport layer has a material having a refractive index of 1.75 or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 467 nm, and the first color conversion layer absorbs light between the anode and the cathode, the EL layer has a light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer, the electron transport layer is located between the light-emitting layer and the cathode, the electron transport layer has a material having a refractive index of 1.75 or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 467 nm, and the first color conversion layer absorbs light [[ID=! The electron transport layer is located between the light-emitting layer and the cathode, the electron transport layer has a material having a refractive index of 1.75 or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 467 nm, and the first color conversion layer absorbs light The electron transport layer is located between the light-emitting layer and the cathode, the electron transport layer has a material having a refractive index of 1.75 or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 467 nm, and the first color conversion layer absorbs light A first substance that emits light, wherein the light emitted from the first light-emitting device is the first color change This is a light-emitting device that irradiates the circulation layer.

[0021] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the material having a refractive index of 1.75 or less , a mixed material of an organic compound having electron transport properties and an inorganic compound, wherein the inorganic compound is This is a light-emitting device that uses alkali metal fluorides or alkaline earth metal fluorides.

[0022] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the inorganic compound is an alkali metal. Furthermore, in a light-emitting device in which the concentration of the inorganic compound in the electron transport layer is 50 vol% or more be.

[0023] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the inorganic compound is an alkali metal. Furthermore, the concentration of the inorganic compound in the electron transport layer is 50 vol% or more and less than 95 vol%. It is a light-emitting device.

[0024] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the inorganicization in the electron transport layer This is a light-emitting device in which the concentration of the compound is 20 vol% or higher.

[0025] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the first light-emitting device and the first color change A light-emitting device having a conversion layer, wherein the first light-emitting device comprises an anode, a cathode, and the The device has an anode and an EL layer located between the anode and the cathode, and the EL layer comprises a hole injection layer and light emission The device has a layer and an electron transport layer, and the hole injection layer is located between the anode and the light-emitting layer. The electron transport layer is located between the light-emitting layer and the cathode, and the hole injection layer is 46 The material has an organic compound with a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 7 nm, and the electron transport layer is The material has a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm, and the first color conversion The layer has a first material that absorbs light and emits light, and the light emitted from the first light-emitting device is This is a light-emitting device that irradiates the first color conversion layer.

[0026] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, obtained from the above first light-emitting device This is a light-emitting device whose emission spectrum peak wavelength is located between 440 nm and 520 nm. .

[0027] Alternatively, another aspect of the present invention relates to a first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer. A light device comprising the first light-emitting device having an anode, a cathode, the anode, and the cathode It has an EL layer located between the holes, and the EL layer comprises a hole injection layer, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer. The hole injection layer is located between the anode and the light-emitting layer, and the electron transport layer is The hole injection layer is located between the light-emitting layer and the cathode, and the hole injection layer is emitting light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The electron transport layer has an organic compound with a refractive index of 1.75 or less, and the electron transport layer has a wavelength of 467 nm. The material has a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light, and the first color conversion layer absorbs light A first light-emitting material is provided, and the light emitted from the first light-emitting device is transmitted to the first color conversion layer It is a light-emitting device that is irradiated onto something.

[0028] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the first material is a quantum dot. It is a light-emitting device.

[0029] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the first light-emitting device is minutely resonant. It is a light-emitting device with a specific structure.

[0030] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the light-emitting device further comprises a second light The device comprises an optical device, a third light-emitting device, and a second color conversion layer, wherein the second light-emitting device The chair and the third light-emitting device have the same structure as the first light-emitting device, The second color conversion layer has a second substance that absorbs and emits light, and the emission spectrum of the first substance The peak wavelength of the culvert and the peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the second substance are different, and the This is a light-emitting device in which light emitted from the second light-emitting device is irradiated onto the second color conversion layer.

[0031] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the second material is a quantum dot. It is a light-emitting device.

[0032] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the emission spectrum of the first substance The peak wavelength is located between 500 nm and 600 nm, and the emission spectrum of the second material is This is a light-emitting device whose wavelengths exist between 600 nm and 750 nm.

[0033] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the light-emitting device further comprises a fourth light The optical device and the fourth light-emitting device have a third color conversion layer, and the first light-emitting device Having the same structure as the chair, the third color conversion layer has a third substance that absorbs and emits light. The peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the third substance is located between 560 nm and 610 nm. This is a light-emitting device in which light emitted from the fourth light-emitting device is irradiated onto the third color conversion layer. .

[0034] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, the third substance comprises a rare earth element in the above configuration. It is a light-emitting device.

[0035] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the rare earth element is europium, ce It is a light-emitting device that is at least one of yttrium and lium.

[0036] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, the third material is a quantum dot in the above configuration. It is a light-emitting device.

[0037] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the emission obtained from the third color conversion layer This is a light-emitting device whose light spectrum exhibits two peaks.

[0038] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the emission obtained from the third color conversion layer This is a light-emitting device that emits white light.

[0039] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the light-emitting device comprises a plurality of light-emitting layers It is a light-emitting device that has [a certain characteristic].

[0040] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, charge emission between the plurality of light-emitting layers It is a light-emitting device that has a bio-layer.

[0041] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the first light-emitting device emits blue light. It is a light-emitting device that exhibits [a certain characteristic].

[0042] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, the light-emitting device comprises a color filter The first color conversion layer is positioned between the first light-emitting device and the color filter. It is a light-emitting device that is placed in a location.

[0043] Alternatively, another aspect of the present invention is a light-emitting device as described above, and a sensor, an operating box It is an electronic device having a tongue, speaker, or microphone.

[0044] Alternatively, another aspect of the present invention is a light-emitting device as described above, and a transistor, Alternatively, it is a light-emitting device having a substrate.

[0045] Alternatively, another aspect of the present invention comprises the light-emitting device described in any of the above descriptions and a housing. It is a lighting device.

[0046] In this specification, the term "light-emitting device" includes image display devices that use light-emitting devices. Also, connectors, such as anisotropic conductive film or TCP (Tape) may be attached to the light-emitting device. Module with Carrier Package attached, print to TCP A module equipped with a wiring board, or a light-emitting device, with COG (Chip On Glas Modules in which ICs (integrated circuits) are directly mounted using method s) may also be included as light-emitting devices. Yes, they do. Furthermore, lighting fixtures and the like may have light-emitting devices. [Effects of the Invention]

[0047] One aspect of the present invention can provide a novel light-emitting device, or a device with good light-emitting efficiency. We can provide optical devices. Or, we can provide light-emitting devices with a good lifespan. Alternatively, a light-emitting device with a low driving voltage can be provided.

[0048] Alternatively, another aspect of the present invention provides reliable electronic devices or display devices, respectively. This is possible. Alternatively, another aspect of the present invention is an electronic device or display device with low power consumption. Each of these can be provided.

[0049] Furthermore, the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. The embodiment does not necessarily have to have all of these effects. Furthermore, other effects are... This will become clear from the description in the specification, drawings, claims, etc., and the specification, drawings Furthermore, it is possible to extract other effects from the descriptions in the claims and other documents. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0050] [Figure 1] Figures 1(A), (B), and (C) are conceptual diagrams of a light-emitting device. [Figure 2] Figures 2(A), (B), and (C) are schematic diagrams of the light-emitting device. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the light-emitting device. [Figure 4] Figures 4(A), (B), and (C) are conceptual diagrams of the light-emitting device. [Figure 5] Figures 5(A), (B), and (C) are conceptual diagrams of the light-emitting device. [Figure 6] Figures 6(A) and 6(B) are conceptual diagrams of a passive matrix type light-emitting device. [Figure 7] Figures 7(A) and 7(B) are conceptual diagrams of an active matrix type light-emitting device. [Figure 8] Figures 8(A) and 8(B) are conceptual diagrams of an active matrix type light-emitting device. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a conceptual diagram of an active matrix type light-emitting device. [Figure 10] Figures 10(A),(B1),(B2), and(C) are diagrams representing electronic devices. [Figure 11] Figures 11(A), (B), and (C) are diagrams representing electronic devices. [Figure 12] Figure 12 shows an in-vehicle display device and lighting system. [Figure 13] Figures 13(A) and 13(B) are diagrams representing electronic devices. [Figure 14] Figures 14(A), (B), and (C) are diagrams representing electronic devices. [Figure 15] Figure 15 shows the measured refractive index data of the dchPAF. [Figure 16] Figure 16 shows the measured refractive index data of chBichPAF. [Figure 17] Figure 17 shows the measured refractive index data for dchPASchF. [Figure 18] Figure 18 shows the measured refractive index data for chBichPASchF. [Figure 19] Figure 19 shows the measured refractive index data for SchFB1chP. [Figure 20] Figure 20 shows the measured refractive index data for mmtBuBichPAF. [Figure 21] Figure 21 shows the measured refractive index data for dmmtBuBiAF. [Figure 22] Figure 22 shows the measured refractive index data for mmtBuBimmtBuPAF. [Figure 23] Figure 23 shows the measured refractive index data for dchPAPrF. [Figure 24] Figure 24 shows the measured refractive index data for mmchBichPAF. [Figure 25] Figure 25 shows the measured refractive index data for mmtBumTPchPAF. [Figure 26] Figure 26 shows the measured refractive index data for CdoPchPAF. [Figure 27] Figure 27 shows the emission spectrum used in the calculation. [Figure 28] Figure 28 shows the calculated relationship between the refractive index of the color conversion layer (QD layer) and the amount of light reaching the color conversion layer. [Figure 29] Figure 29 shows the luminance-current density characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and light-emitting device 2. [Figure 30] Figure 30 shows the current efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and light-emitting device 2. [Figure 31]Figure 31 shows the luminance-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and light-emitting device 2. [Figure 32] Figure 32 shows the current-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and light-emitting device 2. [Figure 33] Figure 33 shows the blue index-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and light-emitting device 2. [Figure 34] Figure 34 shows the emission spectra of light-emitting device 1 and light-emitting device 2. [Figure 35] Figure 35 shows the refractive indices of dchPAF and PCBBiF. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is as follows Not limited to the description, the form and details thereof may be described without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the invention can be modified in various ways. Therefore, the present invention is as follows: This should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the embodiments.

[0052] (Embodiment 1) In recent years, color conversion technology using quantum dots (QDs) has been used in liquid crystal displays. It is being put into practical use in fields such as ray. QD is a semiconductor nanocrystal with a size of several nanometers. , 1 x 10 3 From 1 × 10 6 It is composed of about 100 atoms. QDs are composed of electrons and holes. As a result of the excitons being confined within it, their energy states become discrete, Furthermore, the energy shifts depending on the size. That is, quantum particles composed of the same material Even with the same QD, the emission wavelength differs depending on the size, so the size of the QD used should be changed. This allows for easy adjustment of the emission wavelength.

[0053] Furthermore, because QDs have a discrete nature that limits phase relaxation, the peak width of the emission spectrum is narrow. High-quality color purity can be obtained from the emission. In other words, by using a color conversion layer with QDs... Therefore, it is possible to obtain light emission with high color purity, and it complies with the BT.2020 standard and BT.210 standard. It is also possible to obtain emission that covers the Rec.2020 color gamut, which is standardized by the 0 standard. be.

[0054] Color conversion layers using QDs, like color conversion layers using organic compound light-emitting materials, are luminescent devices. The light-emitting device absorbs light emitted from the source and re-emits it through photoluminescence. It converts light into light with longer wavelengths. Therefore, the color conversion layer is applied to display applications. In order to reproduce full color, the blue color, which has the shortest wavelength among the three primary colors, is required. The system employs a configuration that obtains light from a light-emitting device and then converts it into green and red light through color conversion.

[0055] In other words, the characteristics of the blue light-emitting device used in displays employing a color conversion method. This will govern many of its characteristics, resulting in a blue light-emitting device with better performance. That is what is required.

[0056] A light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1(A), includes a light-emitting device 207 and a color conversion layer It has a pixel 208 with 205, and the light emitted from the light-emitting device 207 undergoes color conversion. The configuration is such that light is incident on layer 205. The light-emitting device 207 has a first electrode 201 and a second An EL layer 202 is provided between the electrode 203 and the other element. Furthermore, the color conversion layer 205 has quantum dots. Preferably, it contains a function that absorbs incident light and emits light of a predetermined wavelength. It has the following characteristics. When the color conversion layer 205 contains quantum dots, the peak width of the emission spectrum is narrow. It is possible to obtain light emission with good color purity.

[0057] The above-mentioned color conversion layer 205 has the function of absorbing incident light and emitting light of a predetermined wavelength. The substance contains a material, but the material having the function of emitting light of the specified wavelength is: It is possible to use various luminescent materials, such as inorganic and organic materials that exhibit toluminescence. Yes, in particular, quantum dots (QDs), which are inorganic materials, exhibit the peak of the emission spectrum as described above. It has a narrow beam width and produces light with good color purity. Furthermore, being an inorganic material, it has inherent stability. It is also suitable for reasons such as its superior performance and its theoretical internal quantum efficiency of nearly 100%.

[0058] The color conversion layer 205 containing quantum dots is coated with a solvent in which the quantum dots are dispersed, dried, and baked. It can be formed by creating a system in which quantum dots are dispersed beforehand. A new method has also been developed. Color separation can be achieved using droplet ejection methods such as inkjet, or printing. After applying it to the surface and fixing it through drying, firing, or solidification, photolithography is performed. This can be done by etching using a tool or similar method.

[0059] Quantum dots include Group 14 elements, Group 15 elements, Group 16 elements, and multiple Group 14 elements. Compounds consisting of elements from groups 4 to 14 and elements from group 16, and elements from group 2. Compounds of element and group 16 elements, compounds of group 13 elements and group 15 elements, and group 13 elements Compounds with Group 17 elements, compounds with Group 14 and Group 15 elements, and compounds with Group 11 and Group 1 Compounds with Group 7 elements, iron oxides, titanium oxides, chalcogenide spinels, and various semiconductors. Examples include nano-sized particles such as clusters and metal halogen perovskites. .

[0060] Specifically, cadmium selenide (CdSe), cadmium sulfide (CdS), and cadmium telluride. Dominium (CdTe), zinc selenide (ZnSe), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfide (Z nS), zinc telluride (ZnTe), mercury sulfide (HgS), mercury selenide (HgSe), Mercury telluride (HgTe), indium arsenide (InAs), indium phosphide (InP) Gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium phosphide (GaP), indium nitride (InN), Gallium nitride (GaN), indium antimonide (InSb), gallium antimonide (GaSb), aluminum phosphide (AlP), aluminum arsenide (AlAs), anti Aluminum monide (AlSb), lead(II) selenide (PbSe), lead(II) telluride (PbTe), lead(II) sulfide (PbS), indium selenide (In2Se3), te Indium luuride (In2Te3), indium sulfide (In2S3), gallium selenide (Ga2Se3), arsenic(III) sulfide (As2S3), arsenic(III) selenide (As 2Se3), arsenic(III) telluride (As2Te3), antimony(III) sulfide (S b2S3), antimony(III) selenide (Sb2Se3), antimony(I) telluride II)(Sb2Te3), bismuth(III)(Bi2S3) sulfide, bismuth selenide ( (III)(Bi2Se3), bismuth(III)(Bi2Te3), silicon(S) i) Silicon carbide (SiC), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), selenium (Se), tetraphosphate Lu (Te), boron (B), carbon (C), phosphorus (P), boron nitride (BN), phosphide Boron (BP), boron arsenide (BAs), aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum sulfide (Al2S3), barium sulfide (BaS), barium selenide (BaSe), barium telluride Calcium (BaTe), calcium sulfide (CaS), calcium selenide (CaSe), tetraphosphate Calcium uluride (CaTe), beryllium sulfide (BeS), beryllium selenide (Be Se), beryllium telluride (BeTe), magnesium sulfide (MgS), magnesium selenide Nesium (MgSe), germanium sulfide (GeS), germanium selenide (GeSe ), germanium telluride (GeTe), tin(IV) sulfide (SnS2), tin(II) sulfide (SnS), tin(II) selenide (SnSe), tin(II) telluride (SnTe), oxide Lead(II) (PbO), copper(I) fluoride (CuF), copper(I) chloride (CuCl), copper bromide (I)(CuBr), copper(I) iodide (CuI), copper(I) oxide (Cu2O), selenide Copper(I)(Cu2Se), nickel(II) oxide(NiO), cobalt(II) oxide(C) oO), cobalt(II) sulfide (CoS), triiron tetroxide (Fe3O4), iron(II) sulfide (FeS), manganese(II) oxide (MnO), molybdenum(IV) sulfide (MoS2), Vanadium(II) oxide (VO), vanadium(IV) oxide (VO2), tungsten oxide Fluorine (IV) (WO2), tantalum (V) (Ta2O5), titanium dioxide (TiO2, T i2O5, Ti2O3, Ti5O9, etc.), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), germanium nitride (Ge3N4), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), Barium titanate (BaTiO3), a compound of selenium, zinc, and cadmium (CdZnSe ), compounds of indium, arsenic, and phosphorus (InAsP), compounds of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur Substance (CdSeS), compound of cadmium, selenium, and tellurium (CdSeTe), indium and gallium and arsenic compounds (InGaAs), indium, gallium and selenium compounds ( InGaSe), a compound of indium, selenium, and sulfur (InSeS), copper, indium, and Examples include sulfur compounds (e.g., CuInS2) and combinations thereof. , but not limited to these. Also, so-called alloy-type quantum dots, whose composition can be expressed in any ratio. You may also use "t". For example, CdS x Se (1-x) (where x is any number from 0 to 1) These alloy-type quantum dots can change their emission wavelength by changing x, thus producing blue light. This is one effective method for obtaining colored light emission.

[0061] Quantum dot structures include core type, core-shell type, and core-multishell type. Either of these may be used, but another inorganic material with a wider band gap should be used to cover the core. By forming a shell with the material, defects and dangling bonds present on the nanocrystal surface are removed. This reduces the impact of [unclear]. As a result, the quantum efficiency of light emission is greatly improved, thus reducing the core -It is preferable to use shell-type or core-multishell type quantum dots. Shell material Examples include zinc sulfide (ZnS) and zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0062] Furthermore, because quantum dots have a high proportion of surface atoms, they are highly reactive and prone to aggregation. Therefore, a protective agent is attached to the surface of the quantum dots, or a protective group is provided. Preferably, the protective agent is attached or a protective group is provided. It can prevent aggregation and increase solubility in solvents. It also reduces reactivity and improves electrical stability. It is also possible to improve qualitative properties. Examples of protective agents (or protecting groups) include polyoxygen. Polyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as lenoleyl ethers, tripropyl phosph Tributylphosphine, trihexylphosphine, trioctylphosphine, etc. Lyalkylphosphines, polyoxyethylene n-octylphenyl ether, polyoxy Polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers such as ethylene n-nonylphenyl ether L-types, tri(n-hexyl)amines, tri(n-octyl)amines, tri(n-decyl) Tertiary amines such as amines, tripropylphosphine oxide, tributylphosphine oxide Oxide, trihexylphosphine oxide, trioctylphosphine oxide, tridecyl Organophosphorus compounds such as phosphosphine oxide, polyethylene glycol dilaurate, poly Polyethylene glycol diesters such as ethylene glycol distearate, and also, Organic nitrogen compounds such as nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds like lysine, lutidine, colidine, and quinolines, Hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine , aminoalkanes such as hexadecylamine and octadecylamine, dibutyl sulfide Dialkyl sulfides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and dibutyl sulfoxide Organic sulfur compounds such as sulfur-containing aromatic compounds including chlorosulfoxides and thiophenes, palmitic Higher fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, alcohols, and sorbitan fatty acid Polyesters, fatty acid-modified polyesters, tertiary amine-modified polyurethanes, polyethylene imitation Examples include n-types.

[0063] If the substance contained in the color conversion layer 205 is a QD, the QD will emit light from near its own emission wavelength to short waves. It has a continuous absorption spectrum with high absorption intensity at shorter wavelengths on the longer side. Therefore, multiple If the display requires a specific light emission color, the light emission contained within the light-emitting device of each color pixel will be used. The central material can be a common material, and as shown in Figure 1(B), a light-emitting device is used for each pixel color. This eliminates the need for differentiating between materials, allowing for the relatively inexpensive manufacture of light-emitting devices.

[0064] Figure 1(B) shows, as an example, pixels that emit blue, green, and red light. 208B is blue. This is the first pixel that emits color light. The first pixel 208B is connected to the first electrode 201B and the second electrode It has poles 203, one of which is the anode and the other is the cathode. Alternatively, one may be a reflective electrode and the other a semi-transparent, semi-reflective electrode. Similarly, green light emission A second pixel 208G exhibiting a certain light emission, and a third pixel 208R exhibiting red light emission are shown in the figure. The first electrode 201G and the second electrode 203, and the first electrode 201R and It also has a second electrode 203. In Figure 1(B), the first electrodes 201B, 201G and The configuration is such that electrode 201R is both a reflective electrode and an anode, and the second electrode 203 is a semi-transparent, semi-reflective electrode. This illustrates the first electrode 201B to the first electrode 201R, which are formed on the insulator 200. Also, to prevent light from mixing with adjacent pixels, a black matrix is ​​placed between pixels. It is preferable that a rix 206 is provided. The black matrix 206 is an inkjet It can also serve as a bank for forming the color conversion layer using methods such as the ETT method.

[0065] Furthermore, Figure 1(C) shows pixels that emit four colors of light: blue, green, red, and white. 208W This is the fourth pixel, which emits white light. The fourth pixel 208W is connected to the first electrode 201W, It has a second electrode 203, one of which is the anode and the other is the cathode. In these cases, one may be a reflective electrode and the other a semi-transparent, semi-reflective electrode. The pole 201W is formed on the insulator 200. Also, to prevent light from mixing with adjacent pixels Therefore, it is preferable to provide a black matrix 206 between pixels. The rack matrix 206 also serves as a bank when forming the color conversion layer using inkjet methods, etc. You can sleep.

[0066] First electrodes 201B, 201G, 2 in the first pixels 208B to the fourth pixels 208W An EL layer 202 is sandwiched between 01R, 201W and the second electrode 203. Even if 202 is common to the first pixel 208B through the fourth pixel 208W, it can be separated. While it's acceptable to have them, having them common across multiple pixels makes manufacturing easier and is more cost-effective. Furthermore, the EL layer 202 is usually composed of multiple functionally separated layers, but some of them are multiple The data is shared across a number of pixels, although some parts may be independent for each pixel.

[0067] The first pixel 208B to the fourth pixel 208W are connected to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the EL layer. The first light-emitting device 207B, the second light-emitting device 207G, and the third light-emitting device are composed of the above. It has a vice 207R and a fourth light-emitting device 207W. See Figure 1(B) and In (C), the first pixel 208B to the fourth pixel 208W have a common EL layer 202. An example of such a configuration was provided.

[0068] The first light-emitting device 207B to the fourth light-emitting device 207W are connected to a first electrode and a second electrode By using one of the electrodes as a reflective electrode and the other as a semi-transparent semi-reflective electrode, a micro-resonant structure can be created. It can be a light-emitting device having the following. The wavelengths at which resonance is possible are the wavelengths of the reflecting electrode. This is determined by the optical distance 209 between the surface and the surface of the semi-transparent, semi-reflective electrode. By setting the wavelength to be resonated to λ, and the setting to an integer multiple of λ / 2, light of wavelength λ is amplified. This is possible. The optical distance 209 is the distance between the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, and a part of the electrode in the EL layer. This can be adjusted by forming a transparent electrode layer on the reflective electrode, etc. Figure 1(B) In the light-emitting device shown in Figure 1(C), the EL layer is the first light-emitting device 207B to the fourth light-emitting device Since it is common to the 207W and the light-emitting central material is also the same, the optical properties of the light-emitting device Since distance 209 is common to the first pixel 208B through the fourth pixel 208W, it can be easily formed. This is possible. Furthermore, if the EL layer 202 is made differently for each pixel, the EL An optical distance of 209 should be formed in accordance with the light from the layer.

[0069] The protective layer 204 is provided on the second electrode 203. Also, the first light-emitting device 207B A protective layer 2 is added to protect the fourth light-emitting device 207W from substances and environmental factors that could adversely affect it. 04 may be provided. The protective layer 204 may contain oxides, nitrides, fluorides, sulfides, Ternary compounds, metals, or polymers can be used, for example, aluminum oxide, acid Hafnium oxide, hafnium silicate, lanthanum oxide, silicon oxide, strontium titanate M, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, Yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, scandium oxide, erbium oxide, vanadium oxide Or materials containing indium oxide, etc., or aluminum nitride, hafnium nitride, silicon nitride, Tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, niobium nitride, molybdenum nitride, zirconium nitride or nitride Materials containing gallium, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, titanium and aluminum Oxides containing aluminum, oxides containing aluminum and zinc, sulfurs containing manganese and zinc Contains sulfides including cerium and strontium, erbium and aluminum. Materials containing oxides, yttrium, and zirconium, etc., can be used. Cut.

[0070] Furthermore, by bonding the color conversion layer and the light-emitting device with a resin having an appropriate refractive index, the light-emitting layer The light emitted can reach the color conversion layer in greater quantities. As a result, the color conversion layer Because the light is intensified, it becomes possible to manufacture a highly efficient light-emitting device. The resin having the appropriate refractive index mentioned above is It may also serve as the protective layer 204, or it may be further provided between the protective layer 204 and the color conversion layer. It is acceptable to include it. The refractive index of the resin is preferably 1.4 to 2.0, and preferably 1.7. It is more preferable that the refractive index is between 1.9 and 1.9. By having this feature, it is possible to reduce light loss due to thin-film modes and obtain a more efficient light-emitting device. can.

[0071] Furthermore, the first pixel 208B emits light without going through the color conversion layer, and therefore, among the three primary colors of light, it emits light that is the most... It is also preferable that the pixels emit high-energy blue light. In the case where the light emitted by the first light-emitting device 207B to the fourth light-emitting device 207W is the same color In addition, blue light emission is preferred. In this case, the light-emitting center included in these light-emitting devices While using the same material is cost-effective, using different luminescence-centering materials is also acceptable. stomach.

[0072] Furthermore, if a different light-emitting device is not created for each pixel color, the light-emitting device will The emission from the luminescent central material is blue emission (the peak wavelength of the emission spectrum is from 440 nm to 5 The wavelength is preferably 20 nm, preferably around 420 nm to 480 nm. The peak wavelength of a substance's emission spectrum is calculated from the PL spectrum in solution. Since the relative permittivity of the organic compounds constituting the EL layer of the chair is approximately 3, the light emission of the light-emitting device To avoid discrepancies with the spectrum, the ratio of solvents used to bring the luminescent central substance into a solution state is The dielectric constant is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less at room temperature, and more preferably 2 or more and 5 The following are the specifics: hexane, benzene, toluene, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Examples include chloroform, chlorobenzene, and dichloromethane. Also, at room temperature A solvent with a dielectric constant of 2 to 5, high solubility, and general-purpose properties is more preferable, for example, Tol It is preferable that it be ene or chloroform.

[0073] The color conversion layer 205G contains a material that absorbs light from the second light-emitting device 207G and emits light. The light emitted from the second light-emitting device 207G is incident on the color conversion layer 205G, and the wavelength is long. Green light (with a peak wavelength of emission spectrum of 500 nm to 600 nm, preferably 50 It is converted from 0nm to 560nm and then emitted. Similarly, 205R is also a color conversion layer, and the color changes The replacement layer 205R contains a material that absorbs light from the third light-emitting device 207R and emits light. The light emitted from the third light-emitting device 207R is incident on the color conversion layer 205R, and the wavelength Long red light (with a peak wavelength of emission spectrum from 600 nm to 750 nm, preferably 6 The color is converted from approximately 10nm to 700nm and then extruded. Color conversion layer 205G and color conversion layer 205R absorbs light sufficiently from the light-emitting device and transmits as little light as possible from the light-emitting device. It is preferable that the product contains a substance that performs color conversion, such as QD, at a certain concentration.

[0074] Similarly, 205W is a color conversion layer, and the color conversion layer 205W contains a fourth light-emitting device 207W. It contains a substance that absorbs light and emits light. Light emitted from the fourth light-emitting device 207W. This is incident on the color conversion layer 205W, and long-wavelength yellow light (with a peak wavelength of 5 in its emission spectrum) is incident on the color conversion layer 205W. The light is converted to approximately 60nm to 610nm, preferably 580nm to 595nm, and then injected. The color conversion layer 205W contains rare earth elements such as europium, cerium, and yttrium. It contains at least one or more elements and efficiently converts blue light emission to yellow light emission. Yes, it is possible. The 205W color conversion layer performs color conversion to the extent that it transmits light from the light-emitting device to a moderate degree. It contains a substance that converts light through the 205W color conversion layer and transmits light through the 205W color conversion layer. The light from the light-emitting devices mixes to produce white light emission.

[0075] Furthermore, each of these pixels may also have a color filter.

[0076] In a light-emitting device having such a configuration, the light that reaches the color conversion layer is absorbed by electrodes or the like. Optical loss due to condensation, optical loss due to evanescent mode, and bonded trees The amount obtained after removing optical loss due to light confinement resulting from the refractive index step difference between the oil and the light-emitting device is... Therefore, it is required to reduce these losses.

[0077] Thus, the light-emitting device 207 is a light-emitting device having a configuration as shown in FIGS. 2(A) to (C). The light-emitting device used in the light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention will be described below. .

[0078] The light-emitting device shown in FIG. 2(A) has a first electrode 101, a second electrode 102, and an EL layer 103, and the EL layer includes at least a layer made of a material having a low refractive index. The refractive index is the refractive index of blue light emitted by the light-emitting central substance (the peak wavelength of the emission spectrum is from 440 nm to 520 nm, preferably about 420 nm to 480 nm), for example, a layer made of a material having a refractive index of 1.75 or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 467 nm is included. The EL layer 103 has a light-emitting layer 113, and in addition to a hole injection layer 111 and / or a hole transport layer 112, an electron transport layer 114 and / or an electron injection layer 115, it may have various functional layers. The light-emitting layer 113 contains a light-emitting material, and the light-emitting device 207 obtains light emission from the light-emitting material. The light-emitting layer 113 may contain a host material and other materials. The layer made of a material having a refractive index of 1.75 or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 467 nm may be any layer other than the light-emitting layer 113, but it is preferably any one or more of the hole injection layer 111, the hole transport layer 112, and the electron transport layer 114. By the presence of a layer with a small refractive index inside the EL layer, the evanescent mode and the thin film mode in which light disappears as an optical loss inside the device are suppressed, and the light extraction efficiency is improved. Therefore

[0079] ​​​​​​​​​​​​This allows for the creation of light-emitting devices with good external quantum efficiency. Furthermore, the layer with a small refractive index is... It is preferable that the light-emitting layer is located on the electrode side of the light emission layer.

[0080] Next, we will describe the detailed structure and materials of the light-emitting device mentioned above. One aspect of the present invention As described above, the light-emitting device has a pair of electrodes, the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, between them. It has an EL layer 103 consisting of multiple layers, and any part of the EL layer 103 has 4 A layer having a refractive index of 1.75 or less, preferably 1.65 or less, for light with a wavelength of 67 nm, The material has a refractive index of 1.75 or less, preferably 1.65 or less, for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. It contains a layer made of [a certain material]. A lower refractive index reduces optical loss and improves the light extraction of the light-emitting device. To improve efficiency, the refractive index is preferably 1.74 or less, more preferably 1.73 or less. More preferably 1.72 or less, more preferably 1.71 or less, more preferably 1.70 More preferably 1.69 or less, more preferably 1.68 or less, more preferably 1. It is 67 or less, more preferably 1.66 or less, and more preferably 1.65 or less. The refractive index shall be the ordinary refractive index, or the average refractive index of the ordinary refractive index and the extraordinary refractive index.

[0081] The first electrode 101 is made of a metal, alloy, or conductive material with a large work function (specifically, 4.0 eV or more). It is preferable to form them using chemical compounds and mixtures thereof. Specifically, for example, For example, indium tin oxide (ITO), silica Indium oxide-tin oxide and indium oxide-zinc oxide containing silicon dioxide or silicon dioxide. Examples include indium oxide (IWZO) containing tungsten oxide and zinc oxide. These conductive metal oxide films are usually deposited by sputtering, but sol-ge It is also acceptable to use methods such as the Lu method for fabrication. An example of a fabrication method is indium oxide-oxide Zinc is used in a target where 1-20 wt% zinc oxide is added to indium oxide. Methods include forming by the puttering method. Additionally, tungsten oxide and zinc oxide are used. The contained indium oxide (IWZO) has a ratio of 0.5% to tungsten oxide relative to indium oxide. Sputtering is performed using a target containing 5-5 wt% zinc oxide and 0.1-1 wt% zinc oxide. It can also be formed by law. Other materials include gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and nickel (Ni). , tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), cobalt ( Co), copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), or nitrides of metallic materials (e.g., titanium nitride) Examples include (n). Graphene can also be used. Note that the composite material described later is EL By using it in the layer that is in contact with the first electrode 101 in layer 103, regardless of the work function, It will become possible to select the polar materials.

[0082] The EL layer 103 preferably has a laminated structure, but the laminated structure is not particularly limited. There is no fixed term, as mentioned above, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, electron injection layer, carrier Various layer structures can be applied, such as blocking layers, exciton blocking layers, and charge generation layers. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2(A), the hole injection layer 111, the hole transport layer 112, The configuration includes an electron transport layer 114 and an electron injection layer 115 in addition to the light-emitting layer 113, as shown in Figure 2. As shown in (B), in addition to the hole injection layer 111, hole transport layer 112, and light-emitting layer 113, There are two types of configurations, one having a electron transport layer 114, an electron injection layer 115, and a charge generation layer 116. A description will be given below. Specifically, the materials constituting each layer are shown below.

[0083] The hole injection layer 111 is a layer containing a substance having acceptor properties. As the substance having acceptor properties either an organic compound or an inorganic compound can be used.

[0084] As the substance having acceptor properties, compounds having an electron-withdrawing group (such as a halogen group or a cyano group) can be used, and 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro quinodimethane (abbreviation: F4-TCNQ), chloranil, 2,3,6,7,10,11- hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (abbreviation: HAT- CN), 1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluorotetracyano-naphthoquinodimethane ( abbreviation: F6-TCNNQ), 2-(7-dicyanomethylene-1,3,4,5,6,8,9 ,10-octafluoro-7H-pyrene-2-ylidene) malononitrile and the like can be mentioned. In particular, a compound in which an electron-withdrawing group is bonded to a condensed aromatic ring having a plurality of heteroatoms, such as HAT-CN, is thermally stable and preferable. Further, a [3]radialene derivative having an electron-withdrawing group (especially a halogen group such as a fluoro group or a cyano group) has a very high electron accepting property and is preferable. Specifically, α,α’,α’’-1,2,3-cyclopropanetriylidene tris[4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzeneacetonitrile] α,α’,α’’-1,2,3-cyclopropanetriylidene tris[2,6-dichloro -3,5-difluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzeneacetonitrile], α, α’,α’’-1,2,3-cyclopropanetriylidene tris[2,3,4,5,6- ​​​​​Examples include pentafluorobenzeneacetonitrile. Substances with acceptor properties. In addition to the organic compounds mentioned above, other examples include molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, and lutein. Inorganic compounds such as nium oxides, tungsten oxides, and manganese oxides can also be used. In addition, there are other types such as phthalocyanine (abbreviated as H2Pc) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). Talocyanine-based complex compounds, 4,4'-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), N,N'-bis{4-[bis( 3-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl}-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl Aromatic amine compounds such as nyl)-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: DNTPD), or poly (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) / Poly(styrenesulfonic acid)(PEDOT / The hole injection layer 111 can also be formed using polymer compounds such as PSS. A septate material can detect electric field signals from an adjacent hole transport layer (or hole transport material). Electrons can be extracted by addition.

[0085] Furthermore, the hole injection layer 111 contains the above-mentioned acceptor substance in a material having hole transport properties. Composite materials can also be used that have been modified to include acceptor properties. By using composite materials containing certain properties, the material used to form electrodes can be selected regardless of the work function. This means that, as the first electrode 101, not only materials with a large work function, but also... This allows us to use materials with small function values.

[0086] Examples of hole-transporting materials used in composite materials include aromatic amine compounds and carbazoles. Derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) Various organic compounds can be used. The materials are 1 x 10 -6 cm 2 It is preferable that the material has a hole mobility of / Vs or higher. It seems so. Below, we will discuss materials that can be used as hole transport materials in composite materials. List the organic compounds specifically.

[0087] Aromatic amine compounds that can be used in composite materials include N,N'-di(p-tolyl )-N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: DTDPPA), 4,4' -Bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviated) Name: DPAB), N,N'-bis{4-[bis(3-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl }-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: D NTPD), 1,3,5-Tris[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenyl Examples include carbazole derivatives such as [Duaminobenzene] (abbreviation: DPA3B). Specifically, 3-[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylcarbazole-3-yl] [Nylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis[N -(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole Bazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA2), 3-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(9-phenyl Carbazole-3-yl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1) ), 4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 1,3,5-tri S[4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviation: TCPB), 9-[4-10 -phenylanthracene-9-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA) ), 1,4-bis[4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl]-2,3,5,6-tetraphenyl Nylbenzene and the like can be used. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, for example, 2-tert -butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 2- tert-butyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl)anthracene, 9,10-bis(3, 5-Diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DPPA), 2-tert-butyl-9 ,10-Bis(4-phenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDBA), 9,1 0-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 9,10-diphenylanthracene Cene (abbreviation: DPAnth), 2-tert-butylanthracene (abbreviation: t-BuAn) th), 9,10-bis(4-methyl-1-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DMNA) , 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis[2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthrace n, 9,10-bis[2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene, 2,3,6,7- Tetramethyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl)anthracene, 2,3,6,7-tetramethyl Chil-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, 9,9'-biantril, 10,1 0'-Diphenyl-9,9'-biantryl, 10,10'-bis(2-phenylphenyl Ru)-9,9'-Biantril, 10,10'-Bis[(2,3,4,5,6-Pentaf [phenyl]-9,9'-bianthryl, anthracene, tetracene, rubrene, Examples include perylene and 2,5,8,11-tetra(tert-butyl)perylene. In addition, pentacene, coronene, etc. can also be used. Good. Examples of aromatic hydrocarbons having a vinyl group include 4,4'-bis(2,2 -Diphenylvinyl)biphenyl (abbreviation: DPVBi), 9,10-bis[4-(2,2 Examples include diphenylvinyl)phenyl anthracene (abbreviation: DPVPA). An organic compound according to one embodiment of the present invention can also be used.

[0088] Also, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK) and poly(4-vinyltriphenyl (Abbreviation: PVTPA), poly[N-(4-{N'-[4-(4-diphenylamine) [Phenylamino(N'-phenylamino)phenyl(N'-phenylamino)phenyl(methacrylamide) (abbreviated) Name: PTPDMA), poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis( High molecular weight compounds such as phenyl(benzidine) (abbreviated as Poly-TPD) can also be used. Cut.

[0089] Examples of hole-transporting materials used in composite materials include carbazole skeletons and dibenzof It must have one of the following skeletons: a ranic skeleton, a dibenzothiophene skeleton, or an anthracene skeleton. More preferably, having substituents including a dibenzofuran ring or a dibenzothiophene ring. Aromatic amines, aromatic monoamines having a naphthalene ring, or 9-fluorenyl group It may also be an aromatic monoamine to which the nitrogen atom of the amine is bonded via an arylene group. Furthermore, these second organic compounds are those having an N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)amino group. It is preferable because it allows for the creation of light-emitting devices with a good lifespan. Specifically, the second organic compound is N-(4-biphenyl)-6,N-diphenyl Nylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine (abbreviation: BnfABP), N ,N-bis(4-biphenyl)-6-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan -8-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf), 4,4'-bis(6-phenylbenzo[b]naph To[1,2-d]furan-8-yl-4''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: Bn fBB1BP), N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]f Ran-6-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf(6)), N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)bene Zo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf(8)), N, N-bis(4-biphenyl)benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan-4amine (abbreviated) Name: BBABnf(II)(4)), N,N-bis[4-(dibenzofuran-4-yl) Phenyl]-4-amino-p-terphenyl (abbreviation: DBfBB1TP), N-[4-( Dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-N-phenyl-4-biphenylamine (abbreviated) Name: ThBA1BP), 4-(2-naphthyl)-4',4''-diphenyltriphenyl Amine (abbreviation: BBAβNB), 4-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]-4',4'' -Diphenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAβNBi), 4-(2;1'-binaphthyl Ru-6-yl)-4',4''-diphenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAαNβN) B) 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(7;1'-binaphthyl-2-yl)triphenyl Luamine (abbreviation: BBAαNβNB-03), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(7-F Phenyl)naphthyl-2-yltriphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAPβNB-03), 4- (6;2'-binaphthyl-2-yl)-4',4''-diphenyltriphenylamine ( Abbreviation: BBA(βN2)B), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(7;2'-binaphthyl -2-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBA(βN2)B-03), 4-(1;2' -Binaphthyl-4-yl)-4',4''-diphenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: BB) AβNαNB), 4-(1;2'-binaphthyl-5-yl)-4',4''-diphenyl Triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAβNαNB-02), 4-(4-biphenylyl)-4 '-(2-naphthyl)-4''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: TPBiAβNB) ), 4-(3-biphenylyl)-4'-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]-4''-f Phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: mTPBiAβNBi), 4-(4-biphenylyl) -4'-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]-4''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviated) Name: TPBiAβNBi), 4-(1-naphthyl)-4'-phenyltriphenylamine (Abbreviation: αNBA1BP), 4,4'-bis(1-naphthyl)triphenylamine (abbreviation :αNBB1BP), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-[4'-(carbazole-9-I [YGTBi1BP]biphenyl-4-yltriphenylamine (abbreviation: YGTBi1BP), 4'-[ 4-(3-phenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]tris(1,1'-bi Phenyl-4-yl)amine (abbreviation: YGTBi1BP-02), 4-[4'-(carbamine) Zole-9-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]-4'-(2-naphthyl)-4''-pheni Triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGTBiβNB), N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H- [Carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]-N-[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]-9,9 '-Spirobi[9H-fluorene]-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBNBSF), N,N-bi Su([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9'-spirobi[9H-fluorene] -2-amine (abbreviation: BBASF), N,N-bis([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine) (Lu)-9,9'-spirobio[9H-fluorene]-4-amine (abbreviation: BBASF(4)) ), N-(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluor) Len-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobio[9H-fluorene]-4-amine (abbreviation: oF) BiSF), N-(4-biphenyl)-N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2) -yl)dibenzofuran-4-amine (abbreviation: FrBiF), N-[4-(1-naphthyl )phenyl]-N-[3-(6-phenyldibenzofuran-4-yl)phenyl]-1- Naphthylamine (abbreviation: mPDBfBNBN), 4-phenyl-4'-(9-phenyl Luolen-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-3' -(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: mBPAFLP) , 4-phenyl-4'-[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]trif Phenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLBi), 4-phenyl-4'-(9-phenyl-9H- Carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBA1BP), 4,4'-di Phenyl-4''-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine n (abbreviation: PCBBi1BP), 4-(1-naphthyl)-4'-(9-phenyl-9H- Carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBANB), 4,4'-di( 1-Naphthyl)-4''-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenyl Luamine (abbreviation: PCBNBB), N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H- Luvazol-3-yl)phenyl]spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-amine (abbreviation) :PCBASF), N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N- [4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-fluorene -2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF), N,N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorine) Len-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobio-9H-fluoren-4-amine, N,N-bis (9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobio-9H-fluorenyl Oren-3-amine, N,N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl) -9,9'-spirobi-9H-fluoren-2-amine, N,N-bis(9,9-dimethicone) Lu-9H-Fluorine-2-Ilu)-9,9'-Spirobi-9H-Fluorine-1-Ami Examples include [mention specific examples].

[0090] Furthermore, hole-transporting materials used in composite materials have a HOMO level of -5.7eV. It is even more preferable that the substance has a relatively deep HOMO level of -5.4 eV or lower. The hole-transporting material used in composite materials has a relatively deep HOMO level. This facilitates the injection of holes into the hole transport layer 112, and also improves the lifespan of the luminescent data. It becomes easier to obtain a vice.

[0091] Furthermore, alkali metal fluorides, alkaline earth metal fluorides, and A mixture of one or more alkyl fluorides (preferably the atoms of fluorine atoms in the layer) By increasing the ratio to 20% or more, the refractive index of the layer can be reduced. This also allows for the formation of a low refractive index layer inside the EL layer 103, and the light-emitting device External quantum efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, the composite material containing the above fluoride is As the amount of oxide increases, the spin density decreases, therefore, the composite material is measured by ESR. The spin density at that time was 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ 18 spins / cm 3 It is preferable that the above conditions are met. Furthermore, when fluoride is mixed into the hole injection layer, inorganic compounds and other special acceptor substances are used. It is preferable to use molybdenum oxide.

[0092] Furthermore, as a material having hole transport properties, 1,1-bis-(4-bis(4-methylphenicol) (Aminophenyl)-cyclohexane (abbreviated as TAPC) and other materials with a low refractive index The refractive index of the hole injection layer 111 can also be reduced by using a compound. .

[0093] By forming the hole injection layer 111, the hole injection performance is improved, and the driving voltage is reduced. A light-emitting device can be obtained. In addition, organic compounds with acceptability can be deposited. Because it is easy to process and readily forms thin films, it is a user-friendly material.

[0094] The hole transport layer 112 is formed by including a material that has hole transport properties. The materials are 1 x 10 -6 cm 2 It is preferable to have a hole mobility of / Vs or higher. .

[0095] As a material having the above hole transport properties, 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-f [phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)- N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: TPD) ), 4,4'-bis[N-(spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-yl)-N-phenyl [Luaminobiphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4-phenyl-4'-(9-phenylfluorine) Len-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-3'-( 9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: mBPAFLP), 4 -phenyl-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (Abbreviation: PCBA1BP), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(9-phenyl-9H- Carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1BP), 4-(1- Naphthyl)-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBANB), 4,4'-di(1-naphthyl)-4''-(9-phenyl- 9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBNBB), 9,9- Dimethyl-N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl) Phenyl]fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBAF), N-phenyl-N-[4-( 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]spiro-9,9'-bifluor Compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton such as len-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBASF), and 1 ,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (abbreviation: mCP), 4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)benzene Zolyl)biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 3,6-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)- 9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 3,3'-bis(9-phenyl-9H- Compounds having a carbazole skeleton, such as carbazole (abbreviated as PCCP), and 4,4' ,4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzothiophene) (abbreviation: D BT3P-II), 2,8-diphenyl-4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene -9-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III), 4-[4 -(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]-6-phenyldibenzo Compounds containing a thiophene skeleton, such as Ophen (abbreviation: DBTFLP-IV), and 4,4 ',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DB) F3P-II), 4-{3-[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9-yl)phenyl [nyl]phenyl}dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II) and other furan skeletons Examples of compounds having the above include compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton and Compounds with a basol skeleton are reliable, have high hole transport properties, and are suitable for driving electric currents. This is preferable as it also contributes to pressure reduction. Note that the holes used in the composite material of the hole injection layer 111 The materials listed as having transport properties can also be suitably used as materials constituting the hole transport layer 112. It is possible to be there.

[0096] The light-emitting layer 113 has a light-emitting substance and a host material. It is acceptable for the materials to be included simultaneously. Furthermore, it is also acceptable for it to be a laminate of two layers with different compositions.

[0097] Whether the luminescent material is a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material, it exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (T The substance may be any other luminescent substance, even if it exhibits ADF (Active Deposition Factor). One embodiment is a layer that exhibits fluorescence emission, particularly a layer that exhibits blue fluorescence emission. It can be suitably applied depending on the circumstances.

[0098] In the light-emitting layer 113, possible materials that can be used as fluorescent light-emitting materials include, for example, Examples include those listed below. Other fluorescent materials can also be used.

[0099] 5,6-Bis[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-2,2'-bipyri Zin (abbreviation: PAP2BPy), 5,6-bis[4'-(10-phenyl-9-antri [Lu)biphenyl-4-yl]-2,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAPP2BPy), N, N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl] )phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6FLPAPrn), N,N'-bi Su(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene- 9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6mMemFLPAPrn) ), N,N'-bis[4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-di Phenylstilbene-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2S), 4-(9H-carbazo (Abbreviated) 4'-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine ( Name: YGAPA), 4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)-4'-(9,10-dife Nyl-2-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: 2YGAPPA), N,9-diphenyl Nyl-N-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole -3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPA), perylene, 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert- Butylperylene (abbreviation: TBP), 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)-4'-( 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAP) A) N,N''-(2-tert-butylanthracene-9,10-diyldi-4,1 -phenylene)bis[N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine]( Abbreviation: DPABPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2- Anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPPA), N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-N,N',N'-to Riphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPPA), N,N,N',N ',N'',N'',N''',N'''-Octaphenyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene -2,7,10,15-tetraamine (abbreviation: DBC1), coumarin 30, N-(9,1 0-Diphenyl-2-anthryl)-N,9-Diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-A Min (abbreviation: 2PCAPA), N-[9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl] )-2-anthryl]-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCABPhA), N-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)-N,N',N' -Triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPA), N-[9,10 -Bis(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-anthryl]-N,N',N'-tri Phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPABPhA), 9,10-bis( 1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-N-[4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl) [Nyl]-N-phenylanthracene-2-amine (abbreviation: 2YGABPhA), N,N, 9-Triphenylanthracene-9-amine (abbreviation: DPhAPhA), Coumarin 545 T,N,N'-diphenylquinacridone (abbreviation: DPQd), rubren, 5,12-bis (1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-6,11-diphenyltetracene (abbreviation: BPT) ), 2-(2-{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-6-methyl-4 H-pyran-4-ylidene)propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCM1), 2-{2-methyl -6-[2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolidine] [-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: D CM2), N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)tetracene-5,1 1-Diamine (abbreviation: p-mPhTD), 7,14-diphenyl-N,N,N',N'- Tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)acenaphtho[1,2-a]fluorantene-3,10 -Diamine (abbreviation: p-mPhAFD), 2-{2-isopropyl-6-[2-(1,1 ,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij] [Quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (Abbreviation: DCJTI), 2-{2-tert-butyl-6-[2-(1,1,7 Tramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolidine 9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DC JTB), 2-(2,6-bis{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}- 4H-pyran-4-ylidene)propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCM), 2-{2, 6-Bis[2-(8-methoxy-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-teto Lahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyra N-4-ylidene propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCJ™), N,N'-diphosphate Nyl-N,N'-(1,6-pyrene-diyl)bis[(6-phenylbenzo[b]naphthate [1,2-d]furan)-8-amine](abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn-03), 3,1 0-Bis[N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)-N-phenylamino ]Naphtho[2,3-b;6,7-b']bisbenzofuran (abbreviation: 3,10PCA2Nb f(IV)-02), 3,10-bis[N-(dibenzofuran-3-yl)-N-phenyl Luamino]naphtho[2,3-b;6,7-b']bisbenzofuran (abbreviation: 3,10Fr Examples include A2Nbf(IV)-02). In particular, 1,6FLPAPrn and 1,6m Pyridine compounds such as MemFLPAPrn and 1,6BnfAPrn-03 can be substituted. The condensed aromatic diamine compounds shown exhibit high hole-trapping properties and excellent luminescence efficiency and reliability. This is preferable because it is well-maintained.

[0100] In the light-emitting layer 113, if a phosphorescent material is used as the light-emitting material, it is possible to use it. Examples of suitable materials include the following:

[0101] Tris{2-[5-(2-methylphenyl)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4H -1,2,4-triazole-3-yl-κN2]phenyl-κC}iridium(III ) (abbreviation: [Ir(mpptz-dmp)3]), Tris(5-methyl-3,4-diphen) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Mpt) z)3]), Tris[4-(3-biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4H -1,2,4-Triazolat] Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(iPrptz-3 Organometallic iridium complexes having a 4H-triazole skeleton, such as b)3]), and Tris [3-methyl-1-(2-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-tria Zolato] Iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Mptz1-mp)3]), Tris (1 -Methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato)iridium (III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(Prptz1-Me)3]) 1H-triazole bone iridium organometallic complexes with a specific classification, and fac-tris[(1-2,6-diisopropyl [Phenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir (iPrpmi)3]), Tris[3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylimi Dazo[1,2-f]phenantriginato]iridium(III) (abbreviation:[Ir(dmp Organometallic iridium complexes having an imidazole skeleton such as impt-Me)3]), Bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinate-N,C 2’ ]iridium( III) Tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (abbreviation: Fir6), bis[2-(4' ,6'-Difluorophenyl)pyridinate-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) picolina Firpic (abbreviation: Firpic), bis{2-[3',5'-bis(trifluoromethyl) [enyl]pyridinate-N,C 2’Iridium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: [Ir( CF3ppy)2(pic)]), bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyri Dinato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: FIraca) organometallic iridium ligands having electron-withdrawing groups as shown in c) Examples include um complexes. These are compounds that exhibit blue phosphorescence, starting from 440 nm. This compound has an emission peak at 520 nm.

[0102] Also, tris(4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppm)3]), Tris(4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)yli Dium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm)3]), (acetylacetonato)bis (6-methyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mp) pm)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(6-tert-butyl-4- Phenylpyrimidina) Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm)2(ac (ac)), (acetylacetonate)bis[6-(2-norbornyl)-4-phenylp Limiginato Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(nbppm)2(acac)]), (Acetylacetonato)bis[5-methyl-6-(2-methylphenyl)-4-phenyl [Pyrimidinato] Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(mpmppm)2(acac)] ), (acetylacetonato)bis(4,6-diphenylpyrimidinato)iridium(II) I) (abbreviation: [Ir(dppm)2(acac)]) has a pyrimidine skeleton iridium metal complexes and (acetylacetonato)bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppr-Me)2(acac)) ]), (acetylacetonato)bis(5-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-phenylpyra) Dinato-iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppr-iPr)2(acac)]) organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrazine skeleton, such as tris(2-phenylpyridium Nato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy)3]), bis(2- Phenylpyridinato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy)2(acac)]), bis(benzo[h]quinolinate) iridium (I II) Acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(bzq)2(acac)]), Tris(be Iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(bzq)3]), Tris (2-phenylquinolinato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(pq) 3]), bis(2-phenylquinolinato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylated Setanate (abbreviation: [Ir(pq)2(acac)]) is a pyridine skeleton-containing substance In addition to iridium metal complexes, tris(acetylacetonate)(monophenanthroline) Rare earth metals such as rubium(III) (abbreviation: [Tb(acac)3(Phen)]) Examples include complexes. These are compounds that mainly exhibit green phosphorescence, with a wavelength of 500 nm to 6 It has an emission peak at 00 nm. Furthermore, it is an organometallic iridium complex with a pyrimidine skeleton. The body is particularly preferable because it is outstanding in terms of reliability and luminescence efficiency.

[0103] Also, (diisobutyrylmethanato)bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimid Sodium iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm)2(dibm)]), bis(Ir(5mdppm)2(dibm)]), [4,6-Bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridi Um(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm)2(dpm)]), bis[4,6-di( Naphthalene-1-yl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) Organometallic gold with a pyrimidine skeleton, such as (abbreviation: [Ir(d1npm)2(dpm)]) Iridium complexes of the genus, and (acetylacetonato)bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazine Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tppr)2(acac)]), bis(2, 3,5-Triphenylpyrazinate)(dipivaloylmethanato) Iridium(III) (abbreviated) Name: [Ir(tppr)2(dpm)]), (acetylacetonato)bis[2,3-bis (4-Fluorophenyl)quinoxalinato] Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(Fd Organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrazine skeleton such as pq)2(acac)]) and RIS(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C) 2’ Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir (piq)3]), bis(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C 2’ Iridium (II) I) Pyridogenated acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(piq)2(acac)]) In addition to organometallic iridium complexes with a n skeleton, 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18 -Octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin platinum(II) (abbreviation: PtOEP) Platinum complex and Tris(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionato)(monophenate Nanthroline europium(III) (abbreviation: [Eu(DBM)3(Phen)]), Tris[1-(2-tenoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetonate](monophenane) Like trolin europium(III) (abbreviation: [Eu(TTA)3(Phen)]) Examples include rare earth metal complexes. These are compounds that exhibit red phosphorescence, and 60 It has an emission peak from 0 nm to 700 nm. Furthermore, it is an organometallic compound with a pyrazine skeleton. The lydium complex yields a red emission with good chromaticity.

[0104] In addition to the phosphorescent compounds described above, other known phosphorescent substances may also be selected and used. stomach.

[0105] TADF materials include fullerenes and their derivatives, acridines and their derivatives, and eosin. Derivatives can be used. Also, magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), platinum (Pt), indium (In), or palladium (P Examples of metal-containing porphyrins include those described in d). For example, the protoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Pro to IX), mesoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Meso IX)), Hematoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Hemato IX)), copropol Filinetetramethyl ester-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Copro III-4M) e) Octaethylporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(OEP)), ethiopropyl Rufirin-tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Etio I)), octaethylporphyrin - Examples include platinum chloride complexes (PtCl2OEP), etc.

[0106] [ka]

[0107] Furthermore, the following structural formula shows 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4,6-bis(12-) Enylindoro[2,3-a]carbazole-11-yl)-1,3,5-triazine( Abbreviations: PIC-TRZ) and 9-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2- Il)-9'-phenyl-9H,9'H-3,3'-bicarbazole (abbreviation: PCCzT) Zn), 9-[4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)phenyl [Lu]-9'-phenyl-9H,9'H-3,3'-bicarbazole (abbreviation: PCCzPT) Zn), 2-[4-(10H-phenoxazine-10-yl)phenyl]-4,6-diph Phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PXZ-TRZ), 3-[4-(5-phenyl -5,10-dihydrophenazine-10-yl)phenyl]-4,5-diphenyl-1, 2,4-Triazole (abbreviation: PPZ-3TPT), 3-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-A Cryzin-10-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one (abbreviation: ACRXTN), bis[ 4-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine)phenyl]sulfone (abbreviation: DMAC-DPS), 10-phenyl-10H,10'H-spiro[acridine-9,9 π-electron-rich heteroaromatic rings such as '-anthracene]-10'-one (abbreviated as ACRSA) Heterocyclic compounds having one or both of the π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic rings can also be used. The heterocyclic compound has a π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring. It is preferable because it has high electron transport and hole transport properties. In particular, the π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring is Among the skeletons it possesses, pyridine skeleton, diazine skeleton (pyrimidine skeleton, pyrazine skeleton, pyr The dazine skeleton and the triazine skeleton are preferred because they are stable and reliable. In particular, Benzoflopyrimidine skeleton, benzothienopyrimidine skeleton, benzoflopyrazine skeleton, ben The zothienopyrazine skeleton is preferred because it has high acceptability and good reliability. Also, π Among skeletons having electron-excess heteroaromatic rings, the acridine skeleton, the phenoxazine skeleton, and fu The phenothiazine skeleton, furan skeleton, thiophene skeleton, and pyrrole skeleton are stable and reliable. For the sake of being good, it is preferable to have at least one of the skeletons. The dibenzofuran skeleton is used for the thiophene skeleton, and the dibenzothiophene skeleton is used for the thiophene skeleton, respectively. Preferred. Also, as pyrrole skeletons, indole skeletons, carbazole skeletons, indole Carbazole skeleton, bicarbazole skeleton, 3-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3) The -yl)-9H-carbazole skeleton is particularly preferred. Substances in which electron-deficient heteroaromatic rings are directly bonded to π-electron-rich heteroaromatic rings have electron-donating properties. The electron-accepting ability of π-electron-deficient heteroatomous rings increases, and the energies of the S1 and T1 levels change. This is particularly preferable because the difference becomes smaller, allowing for efficient acquisition of thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Instead of a π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring, an aromatic ring with an electron-withdrawing group such as a cyano group attached is used. It may also be used. In addition, aromatic amine skeletons, phenazine skeletons, etc. can be used as π-electron-rich skeletons. It can be used. In addition, xanthene skeletons and thioxanthene skeletons can be used as π-electron-deficient skeletons. Dioxide skeleton, oxadiazole skeleton, triazole skeleton, imidazole skeleton, Traquinone skeleton, boron-containing skeletons such as phenylborane and volanthrene, benzonitrile and These include aromatic rings or heteroaromatic rings having nitrile or cyano groups such as cyanobenzene, and benzobenzene. Carbonyl skeletons such as phenones, phosphine oxide skeletons, sulfone skeletons, etc. can be used. In this way, at least of the π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring and the π-electron-excess heteroaromatic ring Instead of one, a π-electron-deficient skeleton and a π-electron-excess skeleton can be used.

[0108] [ka]

[0109] TADF materials are characterized by a small difference between the S1 and T1 levels, and triple intersystem crossing occurs due to reverse intersystem crossing. A function that can convert energy from singlet excitation energy to singlet excitation energy. It is a material that possesses this property. Therefore, the triplet excitation energy is obtained by a small amount of thermal energy. Upconversion to the multiplet excitation energy (reverse intersystem crossing) is possible, and the singlet excited state can be efficiently converted. It can be generated easily. Furthermore, the triplet excitation energy can be converted into luminescence. .

[0110] Furthermore, an excited complex (exciplex) is formed by two different substances forming an excited state. Exciplex (also called 'x' or 'exciplex') is a state where the difference between the S1 level and the T1 level is extremely small. As a TADF material capable of converting triplet excitation energy to singlet excitation energy, It has the function of being functional.

[0111] Furthermore, the phosphorescence spectrum observed at low temperatures (e.g., 77K to 10K) can be used as an indicator of the T1 level. A cull can be used. As for TADF materials, the short-wavelength tail of its fluorescence spectrum is Draw a tangent line, and set the energy at the wavelength of the extrapolation line as the S1 level, and the short wave of the phosphorescence spectrum When a tangent line is drawn at the long side of the tail, and the energy of the wavelength of the extrapolation line is taken as the T1 level, Preferably, the difference between S1 and T1 is 0.3 eV or less, and preferably 0.2 eV or less. Even better.

[0112] Furthermore, when using TADF material as a light-emitting material, the S1 level of the host material is the TADF material. It is preferable that the T1 level of the host material is higher than the S1 level of the TADF material. A higher rank is preferable.

[0113] The host material for the light-emitting layer may be an electron-transporting material or a hole-transporting material, or the above Various carrier transport materials, such as TADF materials, can be used.

[0114] Materials with hole transport properties include those having an amine skeleton or a π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring skeleton. A compound is preferred. For example, 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl Mino]biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N' -diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4, 4'-Bis[N-(spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-yl)-N-phenylamino ] Biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4-phenyl-4'-(9-phenylfluorene-9) -yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-3'-(9-phenyl) Nylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: mBPAFLP), 4-phenyl Lu-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviated name) :PCBA1BP), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazo (3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1BP), 4-(1-naphthyl )-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation) :PCBANB), 4,4'-di(1-naphthyl)-4''-(9-phenyl-9H-ka Luvazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBNBB), 9,9-dimethyl -N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl] Fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBAF), N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl Nyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2 Compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton such as -amine (abbreviation: PCBASF), and 1,3- Su(N-carbazolyl)benzene (abbreviation: mCP), 4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl) Biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 3,6-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)-9-phenyl Nilcarbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 3,3'-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazo Compounds having a carbazole skeleton, such as (PCCP) (abbreviation: PCCP), and 4,4',4'' -(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzothiophene) (abbreviation: DBT3P) -II), 2,8-diphenyl-4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9-i [Phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III), 4-[4-(9- Phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]-6-phenyldibenzothiophene Compounds with a thiophene skeleton, such as (abbreviation: DBTFLP-IV), and 4,4',4' '-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P- II) 4-{3-[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9-yl)phenyl] }Dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II) and other furan skeletons Examples include compounds. Among those mentioned above, compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton and carbazoles are examples. Compounds with a skeletal structure offer good reliability, high hole transport properties, and reduced driving voltage. This is also preferable as it contributes to the process. Furthermore, the organic compounds listed above as examples of the first substance can also be used. It is possible.

[0115] Examples of materials with electron transport properties include bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoli Sodium beryllium(II) (abbreviation: BeBq2), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolate) )(4-phenylphenolate)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: BAlq), bis(8- Zinc(II) (abbreviation: Znq), bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl) [Phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnPBO), bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl) Metal complexes such as phenolate zinc(II) (abbreviated as ZnBTZ) and π-electron-deficient heteroatoms Organic compounds having a fragrant ring skeleton are preferred. Organic compounds having a π-electron-deficient hetero-aromatic ring skeleton. For example, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl )-1,3,4-Oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4- Phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 1,3-bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxa [Diazole-2-yl]benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 9-[4-(5-phenyl-1] ,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CO 11) 2,2',2''-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris(1-phenyl- 1H-Benzimidazole) (abbreviation: TPBI), 2-[3-(dibenzothiophene-4) -yl)phenyl]-1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole (abbreviation: mDBTBIm Heterocyclic compounds having a polyazole skeleton such as -II), and 2-[3-(dibenzothioff) [phenyl-4-yl]phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDB) q-II), 2-[3'-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]di Benzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[3'-( 9H-carbazole-9-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxali n (abbreviation: 2mCzBPDBq), 4,6-bis[3-(phenanthrene-9-yl)f [enyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mPnP2Pm), 4,6-bis[3-(4-diben Dia, such as zothienyl(phenyl)pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II) Heterocyclic compounds having a din skeleton, or 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carbazole-9-yl] )phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: 35DCzPPy), 1,3,5-tri[3-(3-pyridine) Heterocyclization of pyridine skeletons such as [zyl]phenyl]benzene (abbreviation: TmPyPB) Compounds are one example. Among those mentioned above, heterocyclic compounds having a diazine skeleton and pyridine skeletons are examples. Heterocyclic compounds having are reliable and preferred. In particular, diazines (pyrimidines and Heterocyclic compounds with a pyrazine skeleton exhibit high electron transport properties and contribute to reducing the driving voltage. .

[0116] As for TADF materials that can be used as host materials, the previously mentioned TADF materials are... The same material can be used. When TADF material is used as the host material, TA The triplet excitation energy generated in the DF material is converted to a singlet excitation energy through reverse intersystem crossing. It is converted into a substance, and then energy is transferred to the light-emitting material, thereby increasing the luminescence efficiency of the light-emitting device. This can be achieved. At this time, the TADF material functions as an energy donor, and the luminescent substance It functions as an energy acceptor.

[0117] This is very effective when the above-mentioned light-emitting material is a fluorescent material. In order to obtain high luminescence efficiency, the S1 level of the TADF material is higher than the S1 level of the fluorescent material. It is preferable that the T1 level of the TADF material is higher than the S1 level of the fluorescent material. A high level is preferable. Therefore, the T1 level of the TADF material is the same as the T1 level of the fluorescent material. A higher value is preferable.

[0118] Furthermore, it exhibits emission at wavelengths that overlap with the wavelength of the lowest-energy absorption band of the fluorescent material. It is preferable to use a TADF material that exhibits fluorescence emission. This is preferable because the transfer of excitation energy to the material becomes smoother, and luminescence is obtained efficiently. stomach.

[0119] Furthermore, singlet excitation energy is efficiently generated from triplet excitation energy through reverse intersystem crossing. For this to occur, it is preferable that carrier recombination occurs in the TADF material. The triplet excitation energy generated by the DF material is transferred to the triplet excitation energy of the fluorescent material. It is preferable not to do so. To that end, the fluorescent material has a luminescent phosphodiolus ( It is preferable to have a protecting group around the skeleton that causes light emission. The protecting group is a π bond. Substituents that do not have a substituent are preferred, saturated hydrocarbons are preferred, specifically those having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkyl group below, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, carbon Examples include trialkylsilyl groups with a number between 3 and 10, and it is even preferable if there are multiple protecting groups. Substituents that do not have a π bond have poor carrier transport function, therefore carrier transport and The distance between the TADF material and the fluorescent material's luminescent phosphate is minimized without affecting carrier recombination. It can keep the distance away. Here, a luminescent group is the substance that causes light emission in a fluorescent substance. This refers to an atomic group (skeleton). The luminescent group preferably has a skeleton with π bonds and contains an aromatic ring. It is preferable that it has a condensed aromatic ring or a condensed heteroaromatic ring. Examples of compound aromatic rings include the phenanthrene skeleton, stilbene skeleton, acridone skeleton, and pheno Examples include xazine skeletons and phenothiazine skeletons. In particular, naphthalene skeletons and anthracene skeletons. Skeleton, fluorene skeleton, chrysene skeleton, triphenylene skeleton, tetracene skeleton, pyrene skeleton It has a perylene skeleton, coumarin skeleton, quinacridone skeleton, and naphthobisbenzofuran skeleton. Fluorescent materials are preferred because they have a high fluorescence quantum yield.

[0120] When using a fluorescent material as the light-emitting material, the host material should have an anthracene skeleton. Materials that are suitable for this purpose are used as host materials for fluorescent materials. When used in this way, it is possible to realize a light-emitting layer with good luminescence efficiency and durability. Host material Substances having an anthracene skeleton that can be used as a material include diphenylanthracene skeletons, In particular, substances having a 9,10-diphenylanthracene skeleton are preferred because they are chemically stable. Furthermore, if the host material has a carbazole skeleton, hole injection and transport properties are enhanced. Therefore, it is preferable, but a benzocarbazole skeleton in which a benzene ring is further condensed on carbazole is preferable. When included, the HOMO becomes about 0.1 eV shallower than that of carbazole, making it easier for holes to enter. Therefore, it is preferable. In particular, when the host material contains a dibenzocarbazole skeleton, The HOMO becomes about 0.1 eV shallower than in zole, making it easier for holes to enter, and also for hole transport. It is also excellent in terms of properties and has high heat resistance, making it suitable. Therefore, it is even more suitable as a host material. What is interesting is the 9,10-diphenylanthracene skeleton and the carbazole skeleton (or It is a substance that simultaneously possesses a benzocarbazole skeleton or a dibenzocarbazole skeleton. From the viewpoint of hole injection and transport as described above, the carbazole skeleton was replaced with a benzofluorene skeleton. A dibenzofluorene skeleton may also be used. An example of such a substance is 9-phenyl Lu-3-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole ( Abbreviation: PCzPA), 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H- Carbazole (abbreviation: PCPN), 9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl) Phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA), 7-[4-(10-phenyl-9 -Anthryl)phenyl]-7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (abbreviation: cgDBC) zPA), 6-[3-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-benzo[ b)Naphtho[1,2-d]furan (abbreviation: 2mBnfPPA), 9-phenyl-10-{ 4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)biphenyl-4'-yl}anthra Sen (abbreviation: FLPPA), 9-(1-naphthyl)-10-[4-(2-naphthyl)fe Examples include nylanthracene (abbreviation: αN-βNPAnth). In particular, CzPA, cgDBCzPA, 2mBnfPPA, and PCzPA exhibit very good properties and are therefore preferred. That is a good choice.

[0121] Furthermore, the host material may be a mixture of multiple substances, and the mixed host material When used, a mixture of electron-transporting material and hole-transporting material is used. Preferably, by mixing an electron-transporting material with a hole-transporting material. Furthermore, the transport properties of the light-emitting layer 113 can be easily adjusted, and the recombination region can be easily controlled. This is possible. The weight ratio of the content of hole-transporting material to electron-transporting material is positive. The ratio of materials with pore transport properties to materials with electron transport properties should be changed from 1:19 to 19:1.

[0122] Furthermore, phosphorescent materials can be used as part of the above-mentioned mixed materials. When using a fluorescent material as a light-emitting material, excitation energy is supplied to the fluorescent material. It can be used as an energy donor.

[0123] Furthermore, these mixed materials may form excited complexes. These excited complexes are luminescent substances. It forms an excited complex that emits light that overlaps with the wavelength of the lowest energy absorption band. By selecting the right combination, energy transfer becomes smoother, and luminescence is obtained more efficiently. This is preferable because it allows for a reduction in the drive voltage.

[0124] Furthermore, at least one of the materials forming the excitation complex may be a phosphorescent material. By doing so, the triplet excitation energy is efficiently converted to the singlet excitation energy through reverse intersystem crossing. It can be converted to -.

[0125] As a combination of materials that efficiently form excited complexes, HO is a material with hole transport properties. It is preferable that the MO level is above the HOMO level of the electron-transporting material. If the LUMO level of a material with electron-transporting properties is higher than or equal to the LUMO level of a material with electron-transporting properties Preferred. Note that the LUMO and HOMO levels of the material are controlled by cyclic voltammetry. From the electrochemical properties (reduction potential and oxidation potential) of the material measured by CV (coefficient of variation) It can be derived.

[0126] Furthermore, the formation of excited complexes is related to, for example, the emission spectrum of hole-transporting materials and electron-transporting properties. The emission spectrum of a material having the above properties, and the emission spectrum of a mixed film obtained by mixing these materials. In comparison, the emission spectrum of the mixed film is shifted to longer wavelengths than the emission spectra of each individual material. Alternatively, this can be confirmed by observing a phenomenon (which has a new peak on the longer wavelength side). Alternatively, transient photoluminescence (PL) and electron transport of materials with hole transport properties. The transient PL of materials possessing certain properties and the transient PL of a mixed film obtained by mixing these materials are compared, and the mixing The transient PL lifetime of the film has a longer lifetime component than the transient PL lifetime of each material, or a delayed lifetime component. This can be confirmed by observing differences in transient responses, such as an increase in the proportion of the time. Furthermore, the transient PL mentioned above can be interpreted as transient electroluminescence (EL). No. That is, transient EL for hole-transporting materials, transient E for electron-transporting materials. By comparing the transient EL of L and mixed films and observing the differences in transient response, Excitation complex formation can be confirmed.

[0127] In one embodiment of the present invention, the light emitted from the light-emitting device is photoluminescent. Therefore, the color is converted. When obtaining the three primary colors of light without differentiating the light-emitting devices. The light emitted by the light-emitting device is the blue light, which has the highest energy, or the blue light is also varied. If obtained by replacement, it is preferable that the light-emitting device exhibits emission in the purple to ultraviolet region.

[0128] The electron transport layer 114 is a layer containing a substance that has electron transport properties. As examples, the above-mentioned materials are electron-transporting substances that can be used as host materials. You can use this.

[0129] Furthermore, the electron transport layer consists of an electron-transporting material and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. It is preferable that it contains elements, compounds, or complexes. Also, the electron transport layer 114 has an electric field strength [ The electron mobility at which the square root of [V / cm] is 600 is 1 × 10⁻¹⁰ -7 cm 2 / Vs or more 5×1 0 -5 cm 2 It is preferable that it is less than or equal to / Vs. Electron transport properties in electron transport layer 114 By reducing the amount of electrons injected into the light-emitting layer, the amount of electrons injected into the light-emitting layer can be controlled, and the light-emitting layer can become electron-rich. This prevents the condition from occurring. This configuration, in particular, forms the hole injection layer as a composite material. Furthermore, the HOMO level of the hole-transporting material in the composite material is -5.7 eV or higher. Materials with relatively deep HOMO levels of 5.4 eV or less tend to have a good lifetime. Therefore, it is particularly preferable. In this case, the electron-transporting material has a HOMO level of -6 It is preferable that the electron transport voltage is 0.0 eV or higher. Furthermore, the material having electron transport properties is anthracene. Preferably, it is an organic compound having a skeleton, and both an anthracene skeleton and a heterocyclic skeleton are present. It is more preferable that the compound is an organic compound. The heterocyclic skeleton is a nitrogen-containing five-membered ring skeleton. Alternatively, a nitrogen-containing six-membered ring skeleton is preferred, and these heterocyclic skeletons include pyrazole rings, imida Zole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridazine ring, etc. How to have a nitrogen-containing 5-membered ring skeleton or a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring skeleton that includes two complex atoms in the ring It is particularly preferable that alkali metals or alkaline earth metals are in elemental form or compound or The complex preferably contains an 8-hydroxyquinolinate structure. Specifically, for example, For example, 8-hydroxyquinolinatolithium (abbreviation: Liq), 8-hydroxyquinolinato Examples include sodium (abbreviated as Naq). In particular, complexes of monovalent metal ions. The compound, particularly the lithium complex, is preferred, and Liq is more preferred. If it contains a nolinate structure, its methyl-substituted derivatives (e.g., 2-methyl-substituted derivatives or 5-methyl-substituted derivatives) Alkali metals or alkalis can also be used in the electron transport layer. In elemental, compound, or complex form of earth metal, the concentration difference in the thickness direction (when it is 0) It is preferable that the following exist (including).

[0130] Between the electron transport layer 114 and the second electrode 102, an electron injection layer 115 is provided, which is lithium fluoride. LiF (LiF), Cesium Fluoride (CsF), Calcium Fluoride (CaF2), 8-Hydrogen Alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as xikinolinatolithium (abbreviation: Liq) A layer containing the genus or compounds thereof may be provided. The electron injection layer 115 has electron transport properties. A layer made of a substance contains alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof. You may also use something like an electride. For example, calcium Examples include substances obtained by adding a high concentration of electrons to a mixed oxide of um and aluminum.

[0131] Furthermore, the electron injection layer 115 is made of a substance having electron transport properties (preferably a bipyridine skeleton). (An organic compound containing) the above alkali metal or alkaline earth metal fluoride in a microcrystalline state It is also possible to use a layer containing a concentration of 50 wt% or more. This layer is refraction Because it is a low-efficiency layer, it is possible to provide a light-emitting device with better external quantum efficiency. It becomes Noh.

[0132] The effect of introducing a low refractive index layer is greater between the light-emitting layer and the cathode than between the anode and the light-emitting layer. The layer is larger, and the electron transport layer has a lower refractive index than the hole injection layer or hole transport layer. Although the effect is larger, it is preferable to have low refractive index layers on both sides for a greater effect. This improves the device characteristics during color conversion, resulting in a highly efficient color-converting light-emitting device. It is possible.

[0133] Alternatively, a charge generation layer 116 may be provided instead of the electron injection layer 115 (Figure 2(B)). The charge generation layer generates holes in the layer adjacent to the cathode side of the layer when an electric potential is applied, and in the layer adjacent to the anode side. This refers to a layer into which electrons can be injected. The charge generation layer 116 has at least The P-type layer 117 is also included. The P-type layer 117 constitutes the hole injection layer 111 described above. It is preferable to form it using the composite materials listed as possible materials. Also, the P-type layer 117 is The composite material includes a film containing the acceptor material described above and a hole transport material. It may also be constructed by stacking films. By applying a potential to the P-type layer 117, the electron transport layer Electrons are injected into electrode 114, and holes are injected into the second electrode 102, which is the cathode, causing the light-emitting device to operate. Furthermore, since the organic compound of one embodiment of the present invention is an organic compound with a low refractive index, it is P-type By using it in layer 117, a light-emitting device with good external quantum efficiency can be obtained. .

[0134] In addition to the P-type layer 117, the charge generation layer 116 also includes an electron relay layer 118 and an electron injection buffer. It is preferable that one or both of the layers 119 are provided.

[0135] The electron relay layer 118 contains at least an electron-transporting material, and the electron injection buffer layer 1 It has the function of preventing interaction between 19 and the P-type layer 117, thereby enabling smooth electron transfer. The LUMO level of the electron-transporting material contained in the relay layer 118 is in the P-type layer 117. The LUMO level of the acceptor material and the charge generation layer 116 in the electron transport layer 114 It is preferable that the LUMO level is between the LUMO level of the material contained in the contacting layer. Electron relay layer 11 Specific energy levels of the LUMO level in electron-transporting materials used in 8 The voltage should be -5.0 eV or higher, preferably -5.0 eV to -3.0 eV. As for electron-transporting materials used in the electron relay layer 118, phthalocyanine-based materials are used. It is preferable to use a material or a metal complex having a metal-oxygen bond and an aromatic ligand.

[0136] The electron injection buffer layer 119 contains alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, and These compounds (alkali metal compounds (oxides such as lithium oxide, halides, and carbonates) (including carbonates such as thium and cesium carbonate), alkaline earth metal compounds (oxides, halogens) Compounds of rare earth metals (including oxides, halides, and carbonates), or compounds of rare earth metals (including oxides, halides, and carbonates) It is possible to use materials with high electron injection capabilities, such as (m)).

[0137] Furthermore, the electron injection buffer layer 119 contains an electron transporting substance and a donor substance, and If performed, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals will be used as donor substances. , and these compounds (alkali metal compounds (oxides and halides such as lithium oxide) , including carbonates such as lithium carbonate and cesium carbonate), alkaline earth metal compounds (oxides, (including halides and carbonates), or compounds of rare earth metals (oxides, halides, carbon In addition to salts, tetratianaphthacene (abbreviated as TTN), nickerosene, decametine Organic compounds such as runicerosene can also be used. Therefore, it is formed using the same material as the material that constitutes the electron transport layer 114 described earlier. It is possible.

[0138] The material forming the second electrode 102 has a small work function (specifically, 3.8 eV or less). (Below) Metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures thereof can be used. Specific examples of such cathode materials include alkaline materials such as lithium (Li) and cesium (Cs). Metallic compounds, as well as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), etc. Elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table, and alloys containing these elements (MgAg, Rare earth metals such as AlLi, europium (Eu), ytterbium (Yb), and this Examples include alloys containing these. However, between the second electrode 102 and the electron transport layer, By providing an electron injection layer, regardless of the magnitude of the work function, Al, Ag, ITO, and silica can be used. Various conductive materials such as indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon dioxide or silicon dioxide are used as the second... It can be used as electrode 102. These conductive materials are produced using dry methods such as vacuum deposition and sputtering, as well as inkjet methods. It is possible to deposit films using methods such as spin coating. Furthermore, wet deposition can be performed using the sol-gel method. It may be formed by a mold, or by a wet process using a paste of a metallic material.

[0139] Furthermore, various methods can be used to form the EL layer 103, regardless of whether they are dry or wet methods. This can be done using methods such as vacuum deposition, gravure printing, offset printing, and screen printing. You may use methods such as printing, inkjet printing, or spin coating.

[0140] Furthermore, each electrode or layer described above may be formed using different film deposition methods.

[0141] The configuration of the layer provided between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 is as described above. It is not limited to this. However, if the light-emitting region and the metal used in the electrodes or carrier injection layer are in close proximity To suppress the quenching that occurs as a result, the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 1 A configuration is preferred in which a light-emitting region is provided at a location away from O2 where holes and electrons recombine.

[0142] Furthermore, the hole transport layer and electron transport layer in contact with the light-emitting layer 113, and especially the recombination in the light-emitting layer 113, The carrier transport layer near the region suppresses energy transfer from excitons generated in the light-emitting layer. Therefore, the band gap is the light-emitting material that makes up the light-emitting layer or the light contained in the light-emitting layer. It is preferable to use materials with a band gap larger than the band gap of the material itself. It seems so.

[0143] Next, we have a light-emitting device (multilayer element, tandem element) with a configuration in which multiple light-emitting units are stacked. The form of the (also called the child) will be explained with reference to Figure 2(C). This light-emitting device is positive This is a light-emitting device having multiple light-emitting units between the electrode and the cathode. The structure of the EL layer 103 shown in Figure 2(A) is almost the same as that of the EL layer 103 shown in Figure 2(C). The light-emitting device shown is a light-emitting device having multiple light-emitting units, as shown in Figure 2(A) or The light-emitting device shown in Figure 2(B) is a light-emitting device having one light-emitting unit. It can be said that.

[0144] In Figure 2(C), a first light-emitting unit 511 and a cathode 502 are located between the anode 501 and the cathode 502. A second light-emitting unit 512 is stacked with the first light-emitting unit 511 and the second light-emitting unit A charge generation layer 513 is provided between the knit 512 and the cathode 502. These correspond to the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 in Figure 2(A), respectively. The same thing described in the explanation can be applied. Also, the first light-emitting unit 51 The first and second light-emitting units 512 may have the same configuration or different configurations.

[0145] When a voltage is applied to the anode 501 and cathode 502, the charge generation layer 513 generates a light from one of the light-emitting units. It has the function of injecting electrons into one unit and holes into the other light-emitting unit. That is, Figure In 2(C), when a voltage is applied such that the potential of the anode is higher than the potential of the cathode... In addition, the charge generation layer 513 injects electrons into the first light-emitting unit 511 and the second light-emitting unit Any method that injects a hole into T512 will suffice.

[0146] The charge generation layer 513 is formed with the same configuration as the charge generation layer 116 described in Figure 2(B). Preferably, composite materials of organic compounds and metal oxides have good carrier implantation and carrier transport properties. Due to its superior performance, it can achieve low-voltage and low-current operation. If the anode side of the net is in contact with the charge generation layer 513, the charge generation layer 513 will light up the unit. Since it can also serve as the hole injection layer of the net, the light-emitting unit does not require a hole injection layer. That's fine.

[0147] Furthermore, if an electron injection buffer layer 119 is provided in the charge generation layer 513, the electron injection buffer Since layer 119 plays the role of an electron injection layer in the anode-side light-emitting unit, the anode-side light emission The unit does not necessarily need to have an electron injection layer.

[0148] Figure 2(C) illustrates a light-emitting device having two light-emitting units, but there are also devices with three or more units. The same method can be applied to light-emitting devices that stack the above light-emitting units. As in the light-emitting device according to this embodiment, multiple light-emitting units are charged between a pair of electrodes. By separating and arranging the elements with the generation layer 513, high-brightness light emission is possible while maintaining a low current density. This enables the realization of a light-emitting device with an even longer lifespan. Furthermore, it allows for low-voltage operation and low power consumption. A light-emitting device can be realized.

[0149] Figure 3 shows an example of the present invention, similar to Figure 2(C), of a light-emitting device having multiple light-emitting units. This is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting device when applied in the manner. An anode 501 is formed on the substrate 100, A first light-emitting unit 511 having a light-emitting layer 113-1 and a second light-emitting layer 113-2 The configuration involves stacking the second light-emitting unit 512 via a charge-generating layer 513. The light emitted from the light-emitting device is either transmitted through the color conversion layer 205 or emitted directly. Furthermore, color purity can be improved by using color filters 225R, 225G, and 225B. Note that while Figure 3 illustrates a configuration with a color filter 225B, it is not limited to this configuration. It is not done. For example, in Figure 3, instead of color filter 225B, an overcoat A layered configuration is also possible. The overcoat layer can be made of an organic resin material, typically, Acrylic resins and polyimide resins may be used. Note that in this specification, etc., color The filter layer is sometimes referred to as the colored layer, and the overcoat layer as the resin layer. So, color filter 225R is the first coloring layer, and color filter 225G is the second coloring layer. You can also refer to them as layers.

[0150] Furthermore, the EL layer 103, the first light-emitting unit 511, the second light-emitting unit 512 and Each layer, such as the charge generation layer, and the electrodes are, for example, deposited by methods such as vapor deposition (including vacuum deposition) and droplet ejection ( It can be formed using methods such as inkjet printing, coating, and gravure printing. They can be used. Also, they include low molecular weight materials, medium molecular weight materials (including oligomers and dendrimers), and Alternatively, it may contain polymer materials.

[0151] Now, focusing on the color reproduction capabilities of full-color displays, to express a richer color gamut... For this purpose, it is essential to obtain light with good color purity. Emission from organic compounds is different from that from that of inorganic compounds. Compared to the emission from other sources, it often has a broad spectrum and sufficient color purity. To obtain the light emission, a spectrum is obtained using a micro-resonant structure (microcavity structure). It is preferable that the line be narrowed.

[0152] In fact, in light-emitting devices that use appropriate dopants and apply appropriate micro-resonance structures, The wide color gamut of Rec.2020, defined in the BT.2020 and BT.2100 standards. Blue light emission corresponding to the turbidity can be obtained. In this case, the micro-resonant structure of the light-emitting device However, by having a configuration that enhances blue light, it is possible to obtain a light-emitting device with good color purity and high efficiency. It is possible.

[0153] A light-emitting device having a micro-resonant structure has a pair of electrodes in the light-emitting device, which are a reflective electrode and a semi-transparent electrode. It is obtained by constructing a semi-reflective electrode. The reflective electrode and the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode are as described above. These correspond to the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, with one being a reflective electrode and the other a semipermeable electrode. A hyper- or semi-reflective electrode would suffice.

[0154] Light-emitting devices with a micro-resonant structure emit light in all directions from the light-emitting layer contained in the EL layer. The light emitted is reflected by the reflective electrode and the semitransparent / semi-reflective electrode, and through resonance, it reaches a certain wavelength. The light is amplified, and the resulting light becomes directional.

[0155] The reflective electrode has a visible light reflectance of 40% to 100%, preferably 70% to 100%. Furthermore, the resistivity is 1 × 10⁻⁶ -2 Assume it is less than or equal to Ωcm. Examples include aluminum (Al) or alloys containing Al. Al and L (L is titanium (Ti), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), and ran) Examples include alloys containing tan (representing one or more tan (La)), such as Al and Ti, Alternatively, it could be an alloy containing Al, Ni, and La. Aluminum has low resistance and light reflection. The rate is high. Also, aluminum is abundant in the Earth's crust and is inexpensive, therefore aluminum Using nium can reduce the manufacturing cost of light-emitting devices. (Ag), or Ag and N (N is yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), Ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, Gallium (Ga), Zinc (Zn), Indium ( In (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), nickel, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au), one or more of these. You may also use alloys containing (representing a number). For example, an alloy containing silver is made of silver and paradoxical. Alloys containing um and copper, alloys containing silver and copper, alloys containing silver and magnesium, and alloys containing silver and nickel Examples include alloys containing silver and gold, and alloys containing silver and ytterbium. Other examples include: Transition metals such as tungsten, chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), copper, and titanium are used. It is possible.

[0156] Furthermore, a light-transmitting conductive material is used as an optical path length adjustment layer between the reflective electrode and the EL layer 103. A transparent electrode layer can be formed, and the first electrode 101 can be made up of two layers: a reflective electrode and a transparent electrode. By using a transparent electrode layer, it is also possible to adjust the optical path length (cavity length) of the micro-resonant structure. Yes, it is possible. Examples of conductive materials with light transmission properties include indium tin oxide (Indium Ti). n Oxide (hereinafter referred to as ITO), silicon or indium tin oxide containing silicon oxide (abbreviation: ITSO), Indium Zinc Oxide, Titanium Indium-tin oxide, indium-titanium oxide, and tungsten oxide containing tungsten Examples include metal oxides such as indium oxide containing zinc oxide.

[0157] The semi-transparent / semi-reflective electrode has a visible light reflectance of 20% to 80%, preferably 40% to 70%. It is a percentage, and the resistivity is 1 × 10⁻⁶. -2 Assume it is less than or equal to Ωcm. As for semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrodes... It is formed using one or more types of conductive metals, alloys, conductive compounds, etc. Yes, it is possible. Specifically, for example, indium tin oxide , hereafter ITO), silicon or indium tin oxide containing silicon oxide (abbreviation: ITSO), acid Indium zinc oxide, an acid containing titanium Indium tin oxide, indium titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, and zinc oxide Metal oxides such as indium oxide can be used. Also, to the extent that it transmits light A thin metal film of a certain thickness (preferably 1 nm to 30 nm) can be used. Examples of genera include Ag, or Ag and Al, Ag and Mg, Ag and Au, Ag and Yb. Which alloys can be used?

[0158] The reflective electrode and the semitransmissive / semi-reflective electrode are either the first electrode 101 or the second electrode 102. That's fine. Also, it doesn't matter whether it's the anode or the cathode.

[0159] Furthermore, in the case of a light-emitting device having a top emission structure, the E of the second electrode 102 By providing an organic cap layer on the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the L layer 103, the light extraction efficiency is improved. This can be achieved. By providing an organic cap layer, the refraction at the interface between the electrode and the air can be reduced. Because the rate difference can be reduced, the light extraction efficiency can be improved. Film thickness is 5 nm or more. Preferably, it is 0 nm or less. More preferably, it is 30 nm to 90 nm. Also, organic cyanoacrylate The cap layer should preferably be an organic compound layer with a molecular weight of 300 to 1200. It is preferable that the material is an organic material having the following properties. The semi-transparent / semi-reflective electrode maintains a certain degree of light transmission. To maintain this, the film thickness needs to be thin, which may worsen conductivity. Here, organic cap By using a conductive material in the layer, the light extraction efficiency is improved while ensuring conductivity. This can improve the yield of light-emitting device fabrication. Organic compounds with low levels of [unclear] can be suitably used. The organic cap layer has EL layer 103 The organic compound used can also be used. In this case, the deposition apparatus used to deposit the EL layer 103 is also used. Alternatively, since the organic cap layer can be deposited in the deposition chamber, the organic cap layer can be deposited easily. It is possible.

[0160] The light-emitting device includes a transparent electrode provided in contact with the aforementioned reflective electrode, a hole injection layer, and holes. The thickness of the carrier transport layer is changed to alter the optical distance between the reflective electrode and the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode. The (cavity length) can be changed. This allows for the reflective electrode and the semi-transparent / semi-reflective electrode. Within that range, it is possible to amplify light of resonant wavelengths and attenuate light of non-resonant wavelengths. .

[0161] Furthermore, the micro-resonant structure (microcavity structure) is the interface on the EL layer side of the reflective electrode, and semipermeable The optical distance (optical path length) between the interface on the EL layer side of the majority half-reflecting electrode is λn, which is the wavelength to be amplified. If m is a multiple of λ / 2, then it is preferable that m is an integer multiple of λ / 2.

[0162] Furthermore, of the light emitted, the light reflected back by the reflective electrode (the first reflected light) is considered to be light emission. Because it causes significant interference with the light (first incident light) that directly enters the semi-transmitting / semi-reflective electrode from the layer. The optical distance between the reflective electrode and the light-emitting layer is (2n-1)λ / 4 (where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1). It is preferable to adjust λ to the wavelength of the light emission to be amplified. This aligns the phase of the first reflected light and the first incident light, thereby amplifying the light emitted from the light-emitting layer. It is possible.

[0163] Having a microcavity structure enhances the emission intensity in the front direction at specific wavelengths. This makes it possible to reduce power consumption. Furthermore, the probability of light entering the color conversion layer is also increased. It is possible to do so.

[0164] By the way, light narrowed through the microcavity structure has strong directivity perpendicular to the screen. It is known that the light has the following properties. On the other hand, the light that passes through the color conversion layer using the above QD is Because the light emitted from QDs and luminescent organic compounds is directed in all directions, the directionality is It has almost none. Because the light emitted from the light-emitting device is lost to the color conversion layer, the color conversion is In a display using a layered light source, the shortest wavelength light, blue light, is emitted from the light-emitting device. The light is obtained directly, and the green and red light are converted to light through a color conversion layer. Therefore, the green pixels Furthermore, differences in light distribution characteristics occur between red pixels and blue pixels. Significant differences in light distribution characteristics create viewing angle dependence, which directly leads to a deterioration in display quality. In particular, tele... When viewing on a large screen or with a large number of people, such as on video streaming services, the impact is significant.

[0165] Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, a light-emitting device has a function to diffuse light to pixels that do not go through a color conversion layer. A structure is provided that has such a structure, or a structure is provided that imparts directionality to pixels via a color conversion layer. It may have a structure.

[0166] Structures that have the function of diffusing light allow light emitted from the light-emitting device to escape to the outside of the light-emitting device. It is sufficient that it is located in the optical path. The light emitted from a light-emitting device having a micro-resonant structure is Although it has strong directionality, it is diffused by a structure that has the function of diffusing the light. This can weaken it, or make diffused light into directional light. This makes it possible to make light that has the same orientation characteristics as light that has not passed through the color conversion layer. This reduces the aforementioned dependence on the field of view.

[0167] Figures 4(A) to (C) show that the first pixel 208B emits light from the first light-emitting device 207B. The first light-emitting device is shown with a structure 205B that has the function of scattering light. Structure 205B, which has the function of scattering light emitted from 207B, is shown in Figure 4(A) and Figure 4( A layer containing a first substance that scatters light emitted from the first light-emitting device, as in B). Also, as shown in Figure 4(C), a structure having a structure that scatters light emitted from the first light-emitting device. It's fine if it's a success.

[0168] Figures 5(A) to (C) show modified versions. Figure 5(A) shows the light in Figure 4(A) Instead of structure 205B, which has a scattering function, it also incorporates the function of a blue color filter. It has a base layer (color filter 215B). Also, Figures 5(B) and (C) show light scattering. An embodiment is shown that has both a disruptive structure 205B and a blue color filter 215B. The blue color filter 215B scatters light as shown in Figures 5(B) and (C). It may be formed in contact with structure 205B which has a function, but it may also be formed in contact with other structures such as a sealing substrate. It is permissible to do so. This allows the light-emitting device to scatter directional light while further improving color purity. This improves the display. Furthermore, it can suppress the reflection of ambient light, resulting in a better display. can.

[0169] Light from the first pixel 208B passes through structure 205B, and light from the first light-emitting device 207B passes through structure 205B. By emitting the light through this medium, it becomes possible to create light with low directionality. This allows for color This mitigates the differences in light distribution characteristics, making it possible to create a light-emitting device with high display quality.

[0170] Furthermore, in the light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 6(A) and (B), the first color conversion layer is Means 210G and 210R are provided to impart directionality to the light emitted. Any means may be used to impart directionality to the light emitted from the conversion layer, for example, color change A semi-transparent, semi-reflective layer can be formed on either side of the exchange layer to create a micro-resonant structure. (See Figure 6) (A) shows a configuration in which semi-transparent and semi-reflective layers are formed above and below the color conversion layer, and Figure 6(B) shows the light emission of the color conversion layer. The semi-transparent, semi-reflective layer on the device side is also used as the second electrode (semi-transparent, semi-reflective electrode) of the light-emitting device. This is the manner in which it is.

[0171] Light from the second pixel 208G and the third pixel 208R is directed towards the light emitted from the color conversion layer. By providing means 210G and 210R that impart properties, the light becomes highly directional. This makes it possible to reduce differences in light distribution characteristics due to color, resulting in high-quality illumination. It can be used as a device.

[0172] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, the hole injection layer 111 and of the light-emitting device 207 in Embodiment 1 This section describes organic compounds with hole-transporting properties that can be used in the hole transport layer 112. ru.

[0173] Among organic compounds with carrier transport properties that can be used in organic EL devices, One of the materials with low folding ratio is 1,1-bis-(4-bis(4-methylphenyl)- Minophenyl)cyclohexane (abbreviated as TAPC) is known. By using this material in the EL layer, it is possible to obtain a light-emitting device that exhibits high external quantum efficiency. Therefore, by using TAPC, light-emitting devices with good external quantum efficiency can be obtained. This is what is expected.

[0174] Typically, there is a trade-off between high carrier transport and low refractive index. Carrier transport in compounds largely stems from the presence of unsaturated bonds. Organic compounds that contain a large amount of TAPC tend to have a high refractive index. TAPC is a carrier. It is a substance in which transportability and a low refractive index are in perfect balance, however on the other hand So, in compounds like TAPC that have a cyclohexane 1,1-disubstituted structure, cyclo Because two bulky substituents are inserted on one carbon atom of hexane, there is significant steric repulsion. This posed a problem in terms of reliability, as it induced instability in the molecule itself. Furthermore, TAPC's structural composition consists of cyclohexane and a simple benzene ring. Consequently, it had a low glass transition temperature (Tg) and also suffered from problems with heat resistance.

[0175] One method for obtaining a highly heat-resistant and reliable hole transport material is unsaturated carbonization. It is conceivable to introduce hydrogen groups, particularly cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, into the molecule. On the other hand, refractive index To obtain a material with low molecular refraction, it is preferable to introduce substituents with low molecular refraction into the molecule. Examples of such substituents include saturated hydrocarbon groups and cyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups.

[0176] Furthermore, materials used as carrier transport materials for organic EL devices have high carrier transport properties. It is preferable that the skeleton has a structure, and among these, the aromatic amine skeleton is a preferred skeleton because it has high hole transport properties. Therefore, to further improve carrier transportability, a method of introducing two amine skeletons is also being considered. It can be obtained. However, as with the TAPC mentioned above, the environment of the substituents placed around it However, the diamine structure can sometimes be detrimental to reliability.

[0177] Overcoming trade-offs, it combines carrier transportability, low refractive index, and high reliability. As a compound, the present inventors have formed a bond using sp3 hybrid orbitals that constitute a saturated hydrocarbon group. We found a monoamine compound in which the proportion of carbon atoms is within a certain range. In particular, the monoamine The compound has good reliability comparable to conventional hole injection layer materials with a normal refractive index. It is a material. Furthermore, it has carbon atoms that form bonds in the sp3 hybrid orbitals of the monoamine compound. By optimizing the number of substituents and their substitution positions, materials with better properties can be created. It is possible.

[0178] In other words, an organic compound according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring and a third aromatic ring A monoamine compound in which the ring is directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine, and the monoamination Hole transport layer of an organic EL device, where the refractive index of the composite layer is 1.5 to 1.75. It is a material for use and a material for hole injection layers. The monoamine compound has a total number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The proportion of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals is between 23% and 55%. preferable.

[0179] Substituents composed of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals are what are known as saturated hydrocarbon groups. Because it is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, its molecular refraction is low. Therefore, the bonds are formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals. The monoamine in question has a carbon content of 23% to 55% of the total carbon atoms in the molecule. The compound can be used as a material for hole transport layers and hole injection layers with a low refractive index. It is possible.

[0180] Furthermore, the above monoamine compounds are 1 Results from measurements using H-NMR showed that 4 ppm was not present. It is preferable that the integral value of the full signal exceeds the integral value of the signal at 4 ppm or higher. Signals below ppm represent chain or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups, and this integral value is less than 4 ppm. Exceeding the integral value of the signal above means that the number of hydrogen atoms constituting the saturated hydrocarbon group is This means that there are more hydrogen atoms than make up an unsaturated hydrocarbon. The proportion of carbon atoms in which bonds are formed solely by sp3 hybrid orbitals can be estimated. Here, unsaturated The carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon group have fewer bonds that can bond with hydrogen, for example, benzene and cyclohydrogen. If we compare them using xanes, C6H6 and C6H 12 There is a difference. When this difference is taken into account,1 HN In the results measured by MR, the integral value of signals less than 4 ppm is greater than or equal to 4 ppm. Exceeding the integral value of the signal means that of the carbon atoms that make up the molecule, saturated hydrocarbons This indicates that carbon atoms, which are involved in the formation of the molecule, make up approximately one-third of the total. As such, the monoamine compound becomes an organic compound with a low refractive index, and is used as a material for hole transport layers. It can be suitably used as a material for hole injection layers.

[0181] Furthermore, it is preferable that the monoamine compound has at least one fluorene skeleton. i. The hole transport properties of monoamine compounds having a fluorene skeleton are improved, and the monoamine The compound was used as either a material for the hole transport layer or a material for the hole injection layer, or both. The light-emitting device can be made into a light-emitting device with a good drive voltage. The ruolene skeleton is one of the first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring described above. The direct bonding with the nitrogen atom of the amine contributes to shallowing the HOMO level of the molecule. This is preferable because it makes it easier to transfer items between halls.

[0182] Furthermore, when the above monoamine compound is formed into a film by vapor deposition, its molecular weight is 400 or more. It is preferable that it be 1000 or less.

[0183] The monoamine compounds described above will be explained in more detail below.

[0184] The monoamine compound has a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring, and a third aromatic ring attached to the nitrogen atom of the amine. These are triarylamine derivatives to which aromatic rings are attached. The ring is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine.

[0185] The first aromatic ring and the second aromatic ring each independently contain 1 to 3 benzene rings. Furthermore, it is preferable that both the first and second aromatic rings are hydrocarbon rings.

[0186] If the first aromatic ring and the second aromatic ring have two or three benzene rings, then two or Preferably, the three benzene rings are substituents bonded to each other. The aromatic rings 1 and 2 are composed of a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group. A phenyl group is preferred.

[0187] Furthermore, either or both of the first and second aromatic rings have 1 to 12 carbon atoms. It has one or more hydrocarbon groups in which carbon atoms form bonds using only sp3 hybrid orbitals. Yes, they are.

[0188] The above monoamine compound may contain either or both of the first and second aromatic rings. The above-mentioned hydrocarbons have 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the carbon atoms form bonds only through sp3 hybrid orbitals. The total number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group to which the group is bonded, but which is bonded to one aromatic ring. The hydrocarbon group is 6 or greater and is bonded to the first aromatic ring and the second aromatic ring. The total number of carbon atoms contained in it shall be 8 or more, preferably 12 or more. Because the above hydrocarbon groups are bonded in this manner, the above monoamine compound has a refractive index It can be expressed as a small organic compound.

[0189] Furthermore, the total number of carbon atoms contained in the hydrocarbon groups bonded to the first and second aromatic rings. To maintain good carrier transportability, it is preferable that it be 36 or less, and more preferably 30 or less. It is preferable. As mentioned above, having more π electrons derived from the unsaturated bonds of carbon atoms is preferable for carriers. It is advantageous for transportation.

[0190] As a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and forming bonds only with sp3 hybrid orbitals, Preferably, alkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkyl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Specifically, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, sec-pentyl group, tert -Pentyl group, neopentyl group, hexyl group, isohexyl group, sec-hexyl group, t ert-hexyl group, neohexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, cyclohexyl group, 4 -Methylcyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclononyl group, cy Clodecyl group, decahydronaphthyl group, cycloundecyl group, and cyclododecyl group, etc. It can be used, and in particular, t-butyl group, cyclohexyl group and cyclododecyl group preferable.

[0191] Furthermore, the third aromatic ring may be a substituted or unsubstituted monoring or a substituted or unsubstituted triring or less. Assume that it is a fused ring. As the number of rings in the fused ring increases, the refractive index tends to increase, This allows the refractive index to be kept low. Similarly, as the number of fused rings increases, Because absorption and emission of light in the visible region can be observed, materials with small effects of absorption and emission are less likely to be affected. This can be done. Furthermore, in order to maintain a low refractive index, the carbon of the third aromatic ring is... The number is preferably 6 to 13. Aromatic rings that can be used as a third aromatic ring and Specifically, these include benzene rings, naphthalene rings, fluorene rings, acenaphthylene rings, etc. One example is the third aromatic ring, which has good hole transport properties. It is preferable that a fluorene ring is included, and more preferably a fluorene ring.

[0192] Monoamine compounds having the above configuration are organic compounds that possess hole transport properties and a low refractive index. Because it is a composite material, it can be used as a material for the hole transport layer or hole injection layer of an organic EL device. It can be suitably used. Furthermore, the hole transport layer material or hole injection layer material can be used. Because organic EL devices have hole transport layers and hole injection layers with low refractive indices, High luminescence efficiency, i.e., external quantum efficiency, current efficiency, and blue index, It can be used as a chair. Also, the hole transport layer material or hole injection layer material can be used The EL device uses a monoamine compound as the material for the hole transport layer or the material for the hole injection layer. Yes, it limits the number of aromatic rings bonded to the saturated hydrocarbon group, thereby reducing steric repulsion. This improves the stability of molecules, resulting in a luminescent device with a good lifespan. It can be made into S.

[0193] Furthermore, among the monoamine compounds mentioned above, the organic compound represented by the following general formula (G1) is particularly noteworthy. preferable.

[0194] [ka]

[0195] However, in the above general formula (G1), Ar 1 Ar 2 Each independently consists of a benzene ring, Alternatively, it represents a substituent in which two or three benzene rings are bonded to each other. Ar 1 Ar 2 year Specifically, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, naphthylphenyl groups, etc. Phenyl can be used to lower the refractive index and maintain the carrier transport properties of nitrogen atoms. The base is particularly preferred.

[0196] Note that Ar 1 Ar 2 In one or both cases, carbon forms bonds using only sp3 hybrid orbitals. It has one or more hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon group contains The total number of carbon atoms is 8 or more, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 before being joined to at least one of the The total number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group is 6 or more. The carbon atoms are bonded only by sp3 hybrid orbitals. The hydrocarbon groups with 1 to 12 carbon atoms that are being produced include alkyl groups with 3 to 8 carbon atoms and Cycloalkyl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred. Specifically, propyl groups, isopropyl groups, etc. butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, Isopentyl group, sec-pentyl group, tert-pentyl group, neopentyl group, hexyl Isohexyl group, isohexyl group, sec-hexyl group, tert-hexyl group, neohexyl group, Heptyl group, octyl group, cyclohexyl group, 4-methylcyclohexyl group, cyclohept Tyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclononyl group, cyclodecyl group, decahydronaphthyl group, Cycloundecyl groups and cyclododecyl groups can be used, in particular t-butyl A cyclohexyl group and a cyclododecyl group are preferred.

[0197] Note that Ar 1 or Ar 2 The hydrocarbon group is a linear alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms. If multiple linear alkyl groups are bonded together, these linear alkyl groups may bond to each other to form a ring.

[0198] Furthermore, in the above general formula (G1), R 1 and R 2 Each is an aluminum alloy with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. This represents the kill group. Note that R 1 and R 2 They may be bonded to each other to form a ring. Also, R 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and u is an integer from 0 to 4.

[0199] Furthermore, an organic compound according to one aspect of the present invention is shown as the following general formula (G2) to general formula (G4). It is possible.

[0200] [ka]

[0201] However, in the above general formula (G2), n, m, p, and r each independently represent 1 or 2. s, t, and u each independently represent an integer between 0 and 4. Also, n+p and m+r each Each of them is independently 2 or 3. Furthermore, s, t, and u are each independently 0. This is preferable.

[0202] In the above general formula (G2), R 1 , R 2 and R 3 Each is an aluminum alloy with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Represents the kill group, R 4 and R 5 Each is independently a hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It represents one of the following. Examples of hydrocarbon groups with 1 to 3 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, and propyl groups. Examples include the br group. As for hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in addition to the above, b A til group can be cited.

[0203] Also, R 10 ~R 14 and R 20 ~R 24 Each is independently of hydrogen or a carbon atom with 1 or more carbon atoms. 12 represents a hydrocarbon group in which carbon atoms form bonds using only sp3 hybrid orbitals. As for hydrocarbon groups with 1 to 12 carbon atoms that form bonds using only 3 hybrid orbitals, there are 3 carbon atoms. Alkyl alkyl groups up to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkyl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred. Specifically, Propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert- Butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, sec-pentyl group, tert-pentyl group, neopentyl group, hexyl group, isohexyl group, sec-hexyl group, tert-hexyl 4-methylcyclo Hexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclononyl group, cyclodecyl group, Decahydronaphthyl groups, cycloundecyl groups, and cyclododecyl groups can be used. Possible, and particularly preferred are t-butyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, and cyclododecyl groups.

[0204] Note, R 10 ~R 14 and R 20 ~R 24 The total number of carbon atoms contained is 8 or more. Furthermore, R 10 ~R 14 or R 20 ~R 24 The total number of carbon atoms contained in at least one of them Assume that the value is 6 or greater.

[0205] In the above general formula (G2), when n is 2, the types of substituents on the two phenylene groups , the number of substituents and the position of the bond may be the same or different, and when m is 2 The types, number of substituents, and position of the bond of the substituents of the two phenylene groups may be the same or different. When p is 2, the types, number of substituents, and position of the bond of the substituents of the two phenyl groups may be the same or different. When r is 2, the types, number of substituents, and position of the bond of the substituents of the two phenyl groups may be the same or different.

[0206] Also, when s is an integer from 2 to 4, the plurality of R 4 may be the same or different from each other When t is an integer from 2 to 4, the plurality of R 5 may be the same or different from each other When u is an integer from 2 to 4, the plurality of R 3 may be the same or different from each other Note that R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, and R 4 , R 5 , R 10 to R 14 and R 20 to R 24 may be such that adjacent groups are bonded to each other to form a ring

[0207]

Chemical Formula

[0208] However, in the above general formula (G3), R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 4 represents either hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms Examples of hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, etc. Examples of hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include, in addition to those described above, a butyl group. This is possible.

[0209] n and p each independently represent 1 or 2, and s and u each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4. However, n + p is 2 or 3. Note that s and u are each preferably 0. This is preferable.

[0210] Also, R 10 to R 14 and R 20 to R 24 each independently represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and in which carbon forms bonds only with sp3 hybrid orbitals. Examples of hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which carbon forms bonds only with sp3 hybrid orbitals include alkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkyl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Specifically, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group, a cyclodecyl group, a cycloundecyl group, and a cyclododecyl group, etc. can be used. In particular, a t-butyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclododecyl group are preferable.

[0211] However, the total number of carbon atoms contained in R 10 to R 14 and R 20 to R 24 is 8 or more, and the total number of carbon atoms contained in at least one of R 10 to R 14 or R 20 to R 24 is 6 or more. This is the case.

[0212] Furthermore, when n is 2, the types of substituents, the number of substituents, and the bonding of the two phenylene groups are as follows: The positions of the phenyl groups may be the same or different, and when p is 2, the two phenyl groups The type of substituents, the number of substituents, and the position of the bonds may be the same or different. Also, if s is an integer between 2 and 4, multiple R 4 Even though they are the same, they are different. Also, if u is an integer between 2 and 4, multiple R 3 Whether they are the same or different Good. Also, R 1 and R 2 They may be bonded to each other to form a ring, R 4 , R 10 No To R 14 and R 20 ~R 24 It is also acceptable for adjacent groups to be bonded to each other to form a ring. stomach.

[0213] [ka]

[0214] In the general formula (G4) above, u represents an integer from 0 to 4. It is preferable that u be 0. It seems so.

[0215] Also, R 10 ~R 14 and R 20 ~R 24 Each is independently of hydrogen or a carbon atom with 1 or more carbon atoms. 12 represents a hydrocarbon group in which carbon atoms form bonds using only sp3 hybrid orbitals. As for hydrocarbon groups with 1 to 12 carbon atoms that form bonds using only 3 hybrid orbitals, there are 3 carbon atoms. Alkyl alkyl groups up to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkyl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred. Specifically, Propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert- Butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, sec-pentyl group, tert-pentyl group, neopentyl group, hexyl group, isohexyl group, sec-hexyl group, tert-hexyl 4-methylcyclo Hexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclononyl group, cyclodecyl group, Decahydronaphthyl groups, cycloundecyl groups, and cyclododecyl groups can be used. Possible, and particularly preferred are t-butyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, and cyclododecyl groups.

[0216] However, R 10 ~R 14 and R 20 ~R 24 The total number of carbon atoms contained is 8 or more. , and R 10 ~R 14 or R 20 ~R 24 The total amount of carbon contained in at least one of them The number must be 6 or greater.

[0217] Also, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 Each of these independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. If R is an integer between 2 and 4, then multiple R 3 These can be the same or different. , R 1 and R 2 They may be bonded to each other to form a ring, R 10 ~R 14 and R 20 ~R 24 In this case, adjacent groups may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

[0218] In the above general formulas (G2) to (G4), R 10 ~R 14 and R 20 ~R 24 teeth Each of these independently consists of a hydrogen atom, a tert-butyl group, and a cyclohexyl group. This is preferable because it reduces the refractive index. Also, in the above general formulas (G2) to (G4), R 10 ~R 14 at least 3 and R 20 ~R 24 At least 3 of them are hydrogen. This is preferable because it does not hinder the transportability of the carrier.

[0219] Also, R 10 , R 11 , R 13 , R 14 , R 20 , R 21 , R 23 and R 24 is hydrogen Yes, R 12 and R 22 It is preferable that the group is a cyclohexyl group.

[0220] Also, R 10 , R 12 , R 14 , R 20 , R 21 , R 23 and R 24 is hydrogen, R 11 and R 13 is a tert-butyl group, R 22 The fact that it is a cyclohexyl group preferable.

[0221] Also R 10 , R 12 , R 14 , R 20 , R 22 and R 24 is hydrogen, R 11 , R 1 3 , R 21 and R 23 It is preferable that the group is a tert-butyl group.

[0222] An organic compound according to one aspect of the present invention having the above configuration has hole transport properties and a low refractive index. Since it is an organic compound, it is effective to use it in the hole transport layer 112. An organic compound according to one aspect of the invention is used to perform a corrective action using a film in which the organic compound and an acceptor substance are mixed. It can be used as a pore injection layer 111. Furthermore, organic EL using this organic compound. The device will have a hole transport layer or hole injection layer with a low refractive index, thus reducing light emission. High efficiency, i.e., high external quantum efficiency, current efficiency, and blue index, and light-emitting devices It is possible. Furthermore, an organic EL device using the organic compound is made possible by the organic compound Because it is a monoamine compound, it can be used to create a light-emitting device with a good lifespan.

[0223] Furthermore, the above organic compounds can also be used as host materials. By co-depositing with a electron transport material, excitation occurs by the electron transport material and the hole transport material. The configuration may also be one that forms a complex. Therefore, it enables effective energy transfer to the light-emitting material, resulting in high efficiency and a good lifespan. This will enable the provision of optical devices.

[0224] Next, we will illustrate the synthesis method of the monoamine compounds described above. This is just one example of a synthesis method used by the Ming Dynasty, and is not necessarily limited to this method.

[0225] [ka]

[0226] As shown in the synthesis scheme below, 9,9-disubstituted-9H-fluorenylamine (A) and Organic halides (X1)(X2) are combined with a metal catalyst, metal, or metal compound in the presence of a base. By coupling with certain substances, organic compounds represented by the general formula (G1) can be obtained. It is possible.

[0227] [ka]

[0228] In the above synthesis scheme, Ar 1 Ar 2 These are, independently, substitutional or non-substitutional Ben This represents a substituent consisting of a benzene ring or two or three benzene rings bonded to each other. However, Ar 1 Ar 2 One or both of these are carbon atoms that form bonds using only sp3 hybrid orbitals. Having one or more of up to 12 hydrocarbon groups, Ar 1 and Ar 2 The hydrocarbon bonded to the hydrocarbon The total number of carbon atoms in the group is 8 or more, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 at least one of the The total number of carbon atoms in the bonded hydrocarbon group is 6 or more. 1 or Ar 2 When multiple linear alkyl groups having 1 or 2 carbon atoms are bonded to the hydrocarbon group, The linear alkyl groups may be bonded together to form a ring. Also, the above general formula (G1) In R 1 and R 2 Each of these independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 1 and R 2They may be bonded to each other to form a ring. Also, R 3 is an aluminum alloy with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. This represents a Kill group, where u is an integer between 0 and 4. Also, X is a halogen element or a triflate. It indicates the basis.

[0229] When the above synthesis reaction is carried out by the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, X is a halogen element. Alternatively, it represents a triflate group. Preferred halogen elements are iodine, bromine, or chlorine. In this reaction, bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) and allyl chloride palladium(0) are used. Palladium complexes or compounds such as dium dimer(II) and the tri(ter) coordinating thereto t-butyl)phosphine and di-tert-butyl(1-methyl-2,2-diphenyl) Paradipropylphosphine and tricyclohexylphosphine are paradipropylphosphine compounds containing ligands. A um catalyst is used. As a base, organic bases such as sodium tert-butoxide are used. Inorganic bases such as cesium carbonate can be used. Also, when using a solvent, En, xylene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, etc. can be used. By raising the temperature above 120°C, Alley containing low-period halogen elements (e.g., chlorine) is produced. The reaction between the group and the amine proceeds quickly and in high yield, making it more preferable to have high heat resistance. Xylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene will be used.

[0230] Furthermore, when the above synthesis is carried out by the Ullmann reaction, X represents a halogen element. The elements preferred are iodine, bromine, or chlorine. The catalyst is copper or a copper compound. Use the following. It is preferable to use copper(I) iodide or copper(II) acetate. Examples of such solvents include inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate. Also, the solvent is 1,3-dimethyl- 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2(1H)pyrimidinone (DMPU), N-methyl-2 - Uses pyrrolidone (NMP), toluene, xylene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, etc. It is possible. In the Ullmann reaction, the reaction time is shorter and higher at reaction temperatures above 100°C. Since the target product can be obtained in yield, DMPU, NMP, and 1,3,5-trimethylbe are used, which have high boiling points. It is preferable to use lenzen. Furthermore, a reaction temperature of 150°C or higher is even preferable. Therefore, a DMPU is more preferable.

[0231] As described above, organic compounds of general formula (G1) can be synthesized.

[0232] (Embodiment 3) This embodiment describes a display device using the light-emitting device described in Embodiment 1.

[0233] In this embodiment, regarding the display device manufactured using the light-emitting device described in Embodiment 1: This will be explained using Figure 7. Note that Figure 7(A) is a top view showing the display device, and Figure 7(B) is a top view showing Figure 7. This is a cross-sectional view of (A) cut along AB and CD. This display device is a light-emitting device. Controlling these are the drive circuit section (source line drive circuit) 601, indicated by the dotted line, and the pixel section. 602 includes a drive circuit section (gate line drive circuit) 603. Also, 604 is a sealing substrate. 605 is a sealing material, and the area enclosed by the sealing material 605 is a space 607. .

[0234] The routing wire 608 is input to the source line drive circuit 601 and the gate line drive circuit 603. FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) is a wiring system for transmitting signals and serves as an external input terminal. (Input circuit) 609 receives video signals, clock signals, start signals, reset signals, etc. Receive. Note that only the FPC is shown in the diagram here, but this FPC has a print distribution. A wire substrate (PWB) may be attached. The light-emitting device in this specification is a light-emitting device This includes not only the main unit but also the state in which the FPC or PWB is attached to it. ru.

[0235] Next, the cross-sectional structure will be explained using Figure 7(B). The drive circuit section is located on the element substrate 610. And a pixel section is formed, but here, the source line drive circuit 601 which is the drive circuit section and One pixel in the pixel section 602 is shown.

[0236] The element substrate 610 is a substrate made of glass, quartz, organic resin, metal, alloy, semiconductor, etc. FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics), PVF (Polyvinyl Fiber) It is made using a plastic substrate made of fluoride, polyester, or acrylic. That's all you need to do.

[0237] The structure of transistors used in pixels and driving circuits is not particularly limited. For example, inverse staggered It can be a type of transistor or a staggered transistor. Also, top Either a gate-type transistor or a bottom-gate transistor is acceptable. The semiconductor material is not particularly limited, and examples include silicon, germanium, silicon carbide, nitride Gallium can be used, or an In-Ga-Zn metal oxide can be used. An oxide semiconductor containing at least one of the elements, such as zinc, gallium, and zinc, may also be used.

[0238] The crystallinity of semiconductor materials used in transistors is not particularly limited; amorphous semiconductors, Crystalline semiconductors (microcrystalline semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, single-crystal semiconductors, or semiconductors with a crystalline region in part) Any semiconductor having the properties of [the semiconductor material] may be used. If a semiconductor having crystalline properties is used, transients may occur. This is preferable because it suppresses the deterioration of the stanic characteristics.

[0239] Here, in addition to the transistors provided in the pixels and driving circuits mentioned above, the touch sensors and the like described later are also included. It is preferable to use oxide semiconductors for semiconductor devices such as transistors. It is particularly preferable to use oxide semiconductors with a wider band gap than silicon. By using an oxide semiconductor with a wider band gap than Ricon, the off state of the transistor can be controlled. The current in this state can be reduced.

[0240] The above oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium (In) or zinc (Zn). It is also In-M-Zn oxides (where M is Al, Ti, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Sn, It is an oxide semiconductor containing an oxide (such as a metal like La, Ce, or Hf). It is preferable.

[0241] Herein, an oxide semiconductor that can be used in one aspect of the present invention will be described below. .

[0242] Oxide semiconductors are divided into single-crystal oxide semiconductors and other non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors. As a non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor, for example, CAAC-OS (c-axis ali gned crystalline oxide semiconductor), polycrystalline crystalline oxide semiconductor, nc-OS (nano crystalline oxide sem iconductor), pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like OS: amorph (Amorphous-like oxide semiconductor), and amorphous oxide semiconductor It contains conductors, etc.

[0243] CAAC-OS has c-axis orientation and multiple nanocrystals are linked in the ab-plane direction. Furthermore, it has a distorted crystal structure. Note that distortion refers to the region where multiple nanocrystals are connected. Within the region, between a region with aligned lattice arrangements and another region with aligned lattice arrangements, This refers to the part where the direction has changed.

[0244] Nanocrystals are based on a hexagonal structure, but they are not necessarily regular hexagons; they can also be non-regular hexagonal. Yes, it exists. Furthermore, the distortion may have lattice arrangements such as pentagons and heptagons. Furthermore, in CAAC-OS, even near strain, clear grain boundaries (grain bounds) are present. It is difficult to confirm (also called Dally) the crystal grains. In other words, due to the distortion of the lattice arrangement, It can be seen that the formation of the boundary is suppressed. This is because CAAC-OS is in the ab-plane direction. The oxygen atoms are not densely arranged, and the substitution of metal elements reduces the bond distance between atoms. This is because distortion can be tolerated through changes and other processes.

[0245] Furthermore, CAAC-OS consists of a layer containing indium and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as the In layer), and elements A layered crystalline structure in which layers containing M, zinc, and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as (M,Zn) layers) are stacked. It tends to have a layered structure (also called a structure). Furthermore, indium and element M are substituted for each other. It is possible, and if element M in the (M,Zn) layer is replaced with indium, then (In,M,Zn) It can also be represented as a layer. Furthermore, if the indium in the In layer is substituted with element M, then (In,M It can also be represented as a layer.

[0246] CAAC-OS is a highly crystalline oxide semiconductor. On the other hand, CAAC-OS has a clear bond. Because it is difficult to confirm grain boundaries, a decrease in electron mobility caused by grain boundaries is less likely to occur. It can be said that... Furthermore, the crystallinity of oxide semiconductors decreases due to the inclusion of impurities and the generation of defects. Because this can occur, CAAC-OS may contain impurities or defects (oxygen deficiencies (V O :oxygen It can also be described as an oxide semiconductor with low vacancy (also called CAA). Therefore, CAA Oxide semiconductors containing C-OS exhibit stable physical properties. Therefore, CAAC-OS The oxide semiconductors it possesses are highly heat-resistant and reliable.

[0247] nc-OS is used in minute regions (for example, regions between 1 nm and 10 nm, especially between 1 nm and 3 nm). It has periodicity in the atomic arrangement in the region of less than nm. Furthermore, nc-OS has different nanometers. No regularity in crystal orientation is observed between crystals. Therefore, no orientation is observed throughout the entire film. Therefore, depending on the analysis method, nc-OS can be classified as a-like OS or amorphous oxide semiconductor. It can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between them.

[0248] Furthermore, indium is a type of oxide semiconductor containing indium, gallium, and zinc. Um-gallium-zinc oxide (hereinafter referred to as IGZO) is stable when formed into the nanocrystals described above. It may take on a structure. In particular, IGZO tends to have difficulty growing crystals in the atmosphere. Smaller crystals (for example) are preferable to larger crystals (here, crystals of a few millimeters or a few centimeters). In some cases, using the aforementioned nanocrystal structure may result in greater structural stability.

[0249] a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between nc-OS and amorphous oxide semiconductors. It is a conductor. a-like OS has porous or low-density regions. That is, a-li ke OS has lower crystallinity compared to nc-OS and CAAC-OS.

[0250] Oxide semiconductors can take on diverse structures, each possessing different properties. One embodiment of the present invention Oxide semiconductors include amorphous oxide semiconductors, polycrystalline oxide semiconductors, a-like OS, and nc -OS and CAAC-OS may have two or more types.

[0251] In addition to the oxide semiconductors mentioned above, CAC (Cloud-Aligned Comp You may also use osite)-OS.

[0252] CAC-OS refers to a material that possesses both conductive and insulating properties in some parts. Furthermore, the material as a whole possesses semiconductor functionality. Note that CAC-OS is used in transistors. When used in the active layer, the conductive function is to allow electrons (or holes) that act as carriers to flow. The insulating function is the function of preventing the flow of electrons, which act as carriers. By having the insulating function and the switching function work complementaryly, the switching function (O The function to turn on / off can be added to CAC-OS. By separating each function, it is possible to maximize the performance of both.

[0253] Furthermore, CAC-OS has conductive regions and insulating regions. The conductive region is the conductive region described above. It has electrical properties, and the insulating region has the aforementioned insulating properties. Furthermore, in the material In some cases, the conductive region and the insulating region are separated at the nanoparticle level. The electrically conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed within the material. In some cases, the surrounding area may appear blurred and connected in a cloud-like manner.

[0254] Furthermore, in CAC-OS, the conductive region and the insulating region are each 0.5 nm or greater. In the case where particles are dispersed in the material with a size of 10 nm or less, preferably 0.5 nm to 3 nm. There is a match.

[0255] Furthermore, CAC-OS is composed of components with different band gaps. For example, CAC-OS consists of a component with a wide gap due to the insulating region and a component that occurs in the conductive region. It is composed of a component having a narrow gap due to and . In this configuration, the carrier When flowing, the carrier mainly flows in the component with a narrow gap. Components with gaps act complementaryly with components with wide gaps, and narrow gaps In conjunction with the component having a gap, the carrier also flows to the component having a wide gap. When the above CAC-OS is used in the channel formation region of a transistor, the transistor In the ON state, a high current driving force, i.e., a large ON current and high field effect mobility are obtained. It is possible.

[0256] In other words, CAC-OS is a matrix composite. , or metal matrix composite and It can also be referred to as such.

[0257] By using the aforementioned oxide semiconductor material as the semiconductor layer, fluctuations in electrical properties are suppressed, and reliability This enables the creation of highly reliable transistors.

[0258] Furthermore, due to its low off-current, the transistor having the aforementioned semiconductor layer can be used to... This makes it possible to retain the charge stored in the capacity over a long period of time. By applying a generator to each pixel, the gradation of the image displayed in each display area is maintained while driving It also becomes possible to shut down the circuit. As a result, it is possible to realize electronic devices with extremely reduced power consumption. It can be expressed.

[0259] It is preferable to provide an undercoat to stabilize the characteristics of the transistor. The undercoat may be: Inorganic silicon oxide films, silicon nitride films, silicon oxide-nitride films, silicon nitride-oxide films, etc. It can be fabricated using an insulating film, either as a single layer or in a multilayer configuration. The underlayer is fabricated by sputtering. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method (Plasma CVD method) , thermal CVD method, MOCVD (Metal Organic CVD) method, ALD ( Formed using methods such as Atomic Layer Deposition, coating, and printing. Yes, it is possible. However, a base coat does not need to be applied unless necessary.

[0260] Note that FET623 is one of the transistors formed in the drive circuit section 601. Furthermore, the drive circuit is formed using various CMOS, PMOS, or NMOS circuits. This is sufficient. Furthermore, this embodiment shows a driver-integrated type in which the drive circuit is formed on the substrate. However, this is not always necessary, and the drive circuit can be formed externally rather than on the circuit board. .

[0261] Furthermore, the pixel section 602 includes a switching FET 611 and a current control FET 612 and its drive It is formed by multiple pixels, including an anode 613 electrically connected to the rain, The pixel section may also be a combination of three or more FETs and a capacitive element.

[0262] Furthermore, an insulator 614 is formed covering the end of the anode 613. Here, a positive type sensor It can be formed by using light-sensitive acrylic.

[0263] Furthermore, in order to ensure good coverage of the EL layer and other layers formed later, the upper end of the insulator 614 is Alternatively, a curved surface with curvature is formed at the lower end. For example, the material of the insulator 614 and When a positive-type photosensitive acrylic is used, the radius of curvature (0.) is only at the upper end of the insulator 614. It is preferable to have a curved surface having a thickness of 2 μm to 3 μm. Also, as the insulator 614, Either a negative-type or positive-type photosensitive resin can be used.

[0264] An EL layer 616 and a cathode 617 are formed on the anode 613, respectively. Therefore, it is desirable to use a material with a large work function for the anode 613. For example, an ITO film, or an indium tin oxide film containing silicon, 2-20 wt% oxidation Indium oxide film containing zinc, titanium nitride film, chromium film, tungsten film, Zn film, Pt In addition to single-layer films such as membranes, lamination of titanium nitride films and films mainly composed of aluminum, titanium nitride A three-layer structure consisting of a film, a film mainly composed of aluminum, and a titanium nitride film can be used. Furthermore, a laminated structure results in low resistance as wiring and good ohmic contact. Furthermore, it can be used as an anode.

[0265] Furthermore, the EL layer 616 was coated using a vapor deposition method with a vapor deposition mask, an inkjet method, and a spin coating method. It is formed by various methods such as those described in Embodiment 1. The EL layer 616 is formed by the structure described in Embodiment 1. It contains the following: In addition, other materials constituting the EL layer 616 include low molecular weight compounds, This may be a high-molecular-weight compound (including oligomers and dendrimers).

[0266] Furthermore, the material used for the cathode 617 formed on the EL layer 616 has a small work function. Materials (Al, Mg, Li, Ca, or alloys and compounds thereof (MgAg, MgIn, It is preferable to use AlLi, etc. Furthermore, the light generated in the EL layer 616 is directed to the cathode 617 When allowing light to pass through, the cathode 617 consists of a thin metal film and a transparent conductive film (I TO, indium oxide containing 2-20 wt% zinc oxide, and indium tin containing silicon. It is preferable to use lamination with oxides (such as zinc oxide (ZnO)).

[0267] The anode 613, EL layer 616, and cathode 617 form the light-emitting device. .

[0268] Furthermore, by bonding the sealing substrate 604 to the element substrate 610 with the sealing material 605, A light-emitting device is placed in the space 607 surrounded by the sub-substrate 610, the sealing substrate 604, and the sealing material 605. The structure is equipped with chair 618. Furthermore, the space 607 is filled with filler material. In addition to cases where inert gases (such as nitrogen or argon) are used for filling, there are also cases where sealing materials are used for filling. There are also cases where a recess is formed in the sealing substrate and a desiccant is placed there to prevent deterioration due to moisture. This configuration is preferable because it can suppress oxidation.

[0269] Furthermore, it is preferable to use epoxy resin or glass frit for the sealing material 605. These materials should ideally be as impermeable to moisture and oxygen as possible. In addition to glass substrates and quartz substrates, other materials can be used for the encapsulating substrate 604, such as FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic). reinforced plastics, PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), polyester A plastic substrate made of tel or acrylic can be used.

[0270] Although not shown in Figure 7, a protective film may be provided on the cathode. The protective film may be an organic resin film or an inorganic film. It can be formed with an insulating film. Also, a protective film can be made to cover the exposed portion of the sealing material 605. It may be formed. Also, the protective film may be on the surface and sides of the pair of substrates, a sealing layer, an insulating layer, It can be installed to cover exposed sides such as those shown.

[0271] The protective film can be made of a material that is impermeable to impurities such as water. This effectively suppresses the diffusion of impurities such as these from the outside to the inside.

[0272] Materials that make up the protective film include oxides, nitrides, fluorides, sulfides, ternary compounds, and metals. Alternatively, polymers can be used, for example, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, etc. Phenium silicate, lanthanum oxide, silicon oxide, strontium titanate, tantalum oxide Titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, yttrium oxide cerium oxide, scandium oxide, erbium oxide, vanadium oxide, or indi oxide Materials containing um, etc., as well as aluminum nitride, hafnium nitride, silicon nitride, tantalum nitride, nitrogen Includes titanium dioxide, niobium nitride, molybdenum nitride, zirconium nitride, or gallium nitride, etc. Materials, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, oxides containing titanium and aluminum oxides containing aluminum and zinc, sulfides containing manganese and zinc, cerium oxides Strontium-containing sulfides, erbium and aluminum-containing oxides, and Materials containing oxides, etc., including lium and zirconium can be used.

[0273] The protective film can be formed using a film deposition method that provides good step coverage. This is preferable. One such method is atomic layer deposition (ALD). There is a deposition method. Protecting materials that can be formed using the ALD method. It is preferable to use it for membranes. By using the ALD method, a dense membrane can be created with cracks and pinholes. A protective film can be formed with reduced defects or with a uniform thickness. Also, This reduces the damage inflicted on the processed material when forming a protective film.

[0274] For example, by forming a protective film using the ALD method, surfaces with complex uneven shapes, or taps can be formed. A uniform and low-defect protective film can be formed on the top, sides, and back surfaces of the panel. .

[0275] The light-emitting device in this embodiment uses the light-emitting device described in Embodiment 1, therefore, A display device with desirable characteristics can be obtained. Specifically, the light emission described in Embodiment 1. Because the device is a long-life light-emitting device, it can be used as a highly reliable display device. Furthermore, the display device using the light-emitting device described in Embodiment 1 has good luminous efficiency, therefore, power consumption It is possible to make it into a small light-emitting device.

[0276] Figure 8 shows a light-emitting device that emits blue light, and by providing a color conversion layer, full color An example of a light-emitting device with a luminescent coating is shown. Figure 8(A) shows a substrate 1001, an underlayer insulating film 1002, and a luminescent coating. Interlayer insulating film 1003, gate electrodes 1006, 1007, 1008, first interlayer insulating film 10 20, second interlayer insulating film 1021, peripheral portion 1042, pixel portion 1040, drive circuit portion 104 1. First electrodes 1024R, 1024G, 1024B of the light-emitting device, partition wall 1025, E L layer 1028, cathode 1029 of the light-emitting device, encapsulation substrate 1031, sealing material 1032, etc. This is illustrated in the diagram.

[0277] Furthermore, Figure 8(A) shows the color conversion layers (red color conversion layer 1034R, green color conversion layer 1034G ) is provided on the transparent substrate 1033. In addition, a black matrix 1035 is provided. It is also possible. The transparent substrate 1033, which is provided with a color conversion layer and a black matrix, is positioned Then, fix it to the substrate 1001. Note that the color conversion layer and the black matrix 1035 are It may be covered with an overcoat layer 1036.

[0278] In Figure 8(B), the color conversion layers (red color conversion layer 1034R, green color conversion layer 1034G) are shown. An example of formation between the first interlayer insulating film 1003 and the first interlayer insulating film 1020 is shown. The colored layer may be provided between the substrate 1001 and the sealing substrate 1031.

[0279] Furthermore, in the light-emitting device described above, light is taken to the substrate 1001 side on which the FET is formed. Although a light-emitting device with a bottom-emission structure was used, the light emission was taken from the sealing substrate 1031 side. It can also be used as a light-emitting device with a projection structure (top emission type). A cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device is shown in Figure 9. In this case, the substrate 1001 is a substrate that does not transmit light. This can be done. Until the connecting electrode that connects the FET and the anode of the light-emitting device is fabricated, the bottle It is formed in the same way as a muemission-type light-emitting device. Then, the third interlayer insulating film 1037 is electrically... It is formed covering pole 1022. This insulating film may also play a planarization role. Third layer The interlayer insulating film 1037 is formed using the same material as the second interlayer insulating film, as well as other known materials. It is possible.

[0280] The first electrodes 1024R, 1024G, and 1024B of the light-emitting device are referred to as anodes here. It can also be a cathode. Furthermore, it is a top-emission type light-emitting device as shown in Figure 9. In this case, it is preferable to use a reflective electrode as the first electrode. The structure of the EL layer 1028 is blue The device structure is designed to allow light to be obtained.

[0281] In the top emission structure shown in Figure 9, the color conversion layers (red color conversion layer 1034R, green color conversion layer) The sealing can be performed using a sealing substrate 1031 that has a color conversion layer 1034G. Even if a black matrix 1035 is provided in 1031 so as to be located between pixels, Good. Color conversion layers (red color conversion layer 1034R, green color conversion layer 1034G) and black mat The TRIX may be covered by an overcoat layer. Note that the encapsulation substrate 1031 is transparent A photosensitive substrate will be used. In addition, a color conversion layer (red color conversion layer 1034R, green color conversion layer) will be used. The color conversion layer 1034G) is on the cathode 1029 (or a protective film provided on the cathode 1029) It may also be provided directly above.

[0282] The insulating layer 1038 is a protective layer that prevents impurities from diffusing into the light-emitting device. The insulating layer 1038 may be an oxide, nitride, fluoride, sulfide, ternary compound, metal or Polymers can be used, for example, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, hafnium Um silicate, lanthanum oxide, silicon dioxide, strontium titanate, tantalum oxide, acid Titanium oxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, yttrium oxide, acid Cerium oxide, scandium oxide, erbium oxide, vanadium oxide, or indium oxide Materials containing the following, as well as aluminum nitride, hafnium nitride, silicon nitride, tantalum nitride, and crystalline nitride. Materials containing tungsten, niobium nitride, molybdenum nitride, zirconium nitride, or gallium nitride, etc. , nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, oxides containing titanium and aluminum, Oxides containing luminium and zinc, sulfides containing manganese and zinc, cerium and Strontium-containing sulfides, erbium and aluminum-containing oxides, yttrium Materials containing oxides including silicon nitride and zirconium can be used, as well as silicon oxide. Silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, and the like are preferred. Note that the insulating layer 1038 does not need to be formed.

[0283] The space 1030 may be filled with resin. The resin has a refractive index of 1.4 to 2.0. It is preferably a resin, and more preferably has a refractive index of 1.7 to 1.9. The presence of a layer with a relatively high refractive index between the transparent electrode and the color conversion layer allows light to be converted into thin-film modes. This reduces losses and allows for the creation of more efficient light-emitting devices.

[0284] Furthermore, in the above configuration, even if the EL layer has a structure with multiple light-emitting layers, a single light-emitting layer The structure may have layers, for example, in combination with the configuration of the tandem light-emitting device described above. In addition, multiple EL layers are provided in a single light-emitting device with a charge generation layer in between, and each EL This can also be applied to configurations in which one or more light-emitting layers are formed in a layer.

[0285] In top-emission type light-emitting devices, a microcavity structure can be suitably applied. A light-emitting device having a microcavity structure has a reflective electrode as the anode and a semi-transparent / semi-reflective cathode. This is obtained by using a ray electrode. Between the reflective electrode and the semitransmissive / semi-reflective electrode, there is at least It has an EL layer and at least an emissive layer that forms an emissive region.

[0286] The reflective electrode has a visible light reflectance of 40% to 100%, preferably 70% to 100%. It is %, and its resistivity is 1 × 10⁻⁶. -2 Assume the membrane is less than Ωcm in diameter. Also, semipermeable... The semi-reflective electrode has a visible light reflectance of 20% to 80%, preferably 40% to 70%. , and its resistivity is 1 × 10 -2 Assume the membrane is less than Ωcm in diameter.

[0287] The light emitted from the light-emitting layer contained in the EL layer is reflected by the reflective electrode and the semi-transmitting / semi-reflective electrode. It is reflected and resonates.

[0288] The light-emitting device changes the thickness of the transparent conductive film, the aforementioned composite material, the carrier transport material, etc. This allows us to change the optical distance between the reflective electrode and the semitransmissive / semi-reflective electrode. Furthermore, the light of the resonant wavelength is amplified between the reflective electrode and the semitransmissive / semi-reflective electrode, causing resonance. It can attenuate light of wavelengths that are not present.

[0289] Furthermore, the light reflected back by the reflective electrode (the first reflected light) is semi-transmitted from the light-emitting layer. • Because it causes significant interference with the light (first incident light) that directly enters the semi-reflecting electrode, the reflective electrode and The optical distance of the light-emitting layer is (2n-1)λ / 4 (where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and λ is amplified). It is preferable to adjust the wavelength of the emitted light. By adjusting the optical distance, the first By aligning the phase of the reflected light and the first incident light, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be further amplified. ru.

[0290] Furthermore, in the above configuration, even if the EL layer has a structure with multiple light-emitting layers, a single light-emitting layer The structure may have layers, for example, in combination with the configuration of the tandem light-emitting device described above. In addition, multiple EL layers are provided in a single light-emitting device with a charge generation layer in between, and each EL This can also be applied to configurations in which one or more light-emitting layers are formed in a layer.

[0291] (Embodiment 4) This embodiment describes an example of an electronic device that includes a light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention as part of it. To clarify, one embodiment of the present invention is a light-emitting device that consumes little power and is highly reliable. As a result, the electronic device described in this embodiment has low power consumption and good reliability. It can be used as a device.

[0292] Examples of electronic devices to which the above-mentioned light-emitting device is applied include television equipment (televisions, and (Also called a television receiver), monitors for computers, digital cameras, digital cameras Digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones (both mobile phones and mobile phone devices) (Examples include) portable game consoles, personal digital assistants, audio playback devices, and large game machines such as pachinko machines. These are some examples. Specific examples of these electronic devices are shown below.

[0293] Figure 10(A) shows an example of a television system. The television system is housed in a casing 71 The display unit 7103 is incorporated into 01. Also, here the stand 7105 is used to form the enclosure. This shows the configuration supporting the body 7101. The display unit 7103 can display images. It is possible, and the display unit 7103 is configured by arranging light-emitting devices in a matrix. .

[0294] The television equipment can be operated using the control switches on the housing 7101 or a separate remote control. This can be done using the device 7110. The remote control device 7110 has an operation key 7109. This allows you to control the channel and volume, and the video displayed on the display unit 7103 It can be operated. Also, the remote control unit 7110 A display unit 7107 that displays the information output from the unit may also be provided.

[0295] The television system shall consist of a receiver, modem, etc. It can receive television broadcasts, and also communicate via wired or wireless connection through a modem. By connecting to a network, one-way (sender to receiver) or two-way (sender to receiver) communication is possible. It is also possible to communicate information between recipients, or between recipients themselves.

[0296] Figure 10(B1) is a computer, consisting of a main unit 7201, a casing 7202, a display unit 7203, Includes keyboard 7204, external connection port 7205, pointing device 7206, etc. Hmm. This computer uses a matrix arrangement of light-emitting devices to form the display unit 7203 It is manufactured by using it. The computer in Figure 10(B1) is as shown in Figure 10(B2). It may be in any form. The computer in Figure 10 (B2) has a keyboard 7204, and a poi A second display unit 7210 is provided instead of the display device 7206. The display unit 7210 is a touch panel, and the input displayed on the second display unit 7210 Input can be performed by operating the display with a finger or a special pen. The display unit 7210 can display not only input information but also other images. The display unit 7203 may also be a touch panel. The two screens are connected by a hinge. This can lead to problems such as scratching or damaging the screen during storage or transport. This can also be prevented.

[0297] Figure 10(C) shows an example of a mobile terminal. The mobile phone is incorporated into the housing 7401. In addition to the display unit 7402, there are operation buttons 7403, an external connection port 7404, and a speaker 74 05, it is equipped with a microphone 7406, etc. The mobile phone is as described in Embodiment 1. It has a display unit 7402 that is manufactured using an optical device.

[0298] The mobile terminal shown in Figure 10(C) allows information to be entered by touching the display unit 7402 with a finger or the like. It is also possible to configure it so that you can make a phone call or compose an email. Operations such as this can be performed by touching the display unit 7402 with a finger or the like.

[0299] The display unit 7402 has three main modes. The first is a display that primarily displays images. The first mode is display mode, the second is input mode which is mainly for inputting information such as characters. The third is display mode. This is a display + input mode, which is a combination of two modes: display mode and input mode.

[0300] For example, when making a phone call or composing an email, the display unit 7402 is used for text input. In this case, the primary text input mode should be used, and you should perform the input operation for the characters displayed on the screen. It is preferable to display a keyboard or number buttons on most of the screen of the display unit 7402. It seems so.

[0301] Furthermore, the mobile device has sensors inside that detect tilt, such as a gyroscope and an accelerometer. By installing the device, the orientation of the mobile terminal (portrait or landscape) is determined, and the screen display of the display unit 7402 is displayed accordingly. The display can be set to switch automatically.

[0302] Furthermore, screen modes can be switched by touching the display unit 7402 or by operating the housing 7401. This is done by operating button 7403. Also, the type of image displayed on display unit 7402 Therefore, it is also possible to switch between them. For example, the image signal displayed on the display unit is a video signal. Switch to display mode if it's data, or to input mode if it's text data.

[0303] Furthermore, in input mode, the signal detected by the optical sensor of the display unit 7402 is detected and displayed If there is no input via touch operation on unit 7402 for a certain period of time, the screen mode will be changed to input mode. You may also control the system to switch from that display mode to a different mode.

[0304] The display unit 7402 can also function as an image sensor. For example, the display unit 74 By touching device 02 with the palm or fingers, the user can be authenticated by capturing images of their palm print, fingerprints, etc. Furthermore, the display unit may have a backlight that emits near-infrared light or a sensing light that emits near-infrared light. Using the appropriate source, it is also possible to image finger veins, palmar veins, and other veins.

[0305] The configuration shown in this embodiment is achieved by appropriately combining the configurations shown in Embodiments 1 to 3. They can be used together.

[0306] As described above, the application range of one embodiment of the present invention of the light-emitting device is extremely broad, and this light-emitting device can be used in all kinds of applications. It can be applied to electronic devices in the field. By using a light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention... This allows for the creation of electronic devices with lower power consumption.

[0307] Figure 11(A) is a schematic diagram showing an example of a cleaning robot.

[0308] The cleaning robot 5100 has a display 5101 located on the top and multiple displays located on the sides. It has several cameras 5102, brushes 5103, and operation buttons 5104. However, the underside of the 5100 cleaning robot is equipped with wheels, a suction port, etc. The 5100 robot also includes an infrared sensor, ultrasonic sensor, acceleration sensor, and piezo sensor. It is equipped with various sensors such as optical sensors and gyro sensors. Also, the cleaning robot 5 Unit 100 is equipped with wireless communication means.

[0309] The cleaning robot 5100 moves autonomously, detects the dirt 5120, and uses the suction port located on its underside to... It can then vacuum up the dust.

[0310] Furthermore, the cleaning robot 5100 analyzes images captured by the camera 5102, and detects walls, furniture, or It can determine the presence or absence of obstacles such as steps. Furthermore, image analysis can detect wiring and other obstacles. If an object that may become entangled in brush 5103 is detected, the rotation of brush 5103 will be stopped. can.

[0311] The display 5101 displays information such as the battery level and the amount of dust collected. This is possible. The path taken by the cleaning robot 5100 can be displayed on the display 5101. Good. Also, the display 5101 is a touch panel, and the operation buttons 5104 are on the display. It may also be provided at Ray 5101.

[0312] The cleaning robot 5100 can communicate with portable electronic devices 5140 such as smartphones. Yes, it is possible. Images captured by camera 5102 can be displayed on the portable electronic device 5140. Therefore, the owner of the 5100 cleaning robot can know what's happening in the room even when they're away from home. It is possible to display the information on the display 5101 on portable electronic devices such as smartphones. You can also check it there.

[0313] A light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention can be used in a display 5101.

[0314] The robot 2100 shown in Figure 11(B) consists of a computing unit 2110, an illuminance sensor 2101, and a microcontroller. Crossphone 2102, upper camera 2103, speaker 2104, display 2105, It is equipped with a lower camera 2106, an obstacle sensor 2107, and a movement mechanism 2108.

[0315] Microphone 2102 has the function of detecting the user's voice and ambient sounds, etc. Speaker 2104 has the function of emitting sound. Robot 2100 has a microphone Using the 2102 and speaker 2104, communication with the user is possible. It is possible.

[0316] The display 2105 has the function of displaying various information. The robot 2100 is The user can display the desired information on the display 2105. The 2105 may have a touch panel. Also, the display 2105 is removable. It can be any information terminal capable of charging, and by installing it in a fixed position on the robot 2100, And it enables the transfer of data.

[0317] The upper camera 2103 and lower camera 2106 are used to image the area around the robot 2100. It has the ability to detect obstacles. Furthermore, the obstacle sensor 2107 uses the moving mechanism 2108 to detect robot 210 Robot 21 can detect the presence or absence of obstacles in the direction of travel as it moves forward. 00 uses the upper camera 2103, the lower camera 2106 and the obstacle sensor 2107 The light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention can recognize its surroundings and move safely. It can be used in display 2105.

[0318] Figure 11(C) shows an example of a goggle-type display. For example, the components include the casing 5000, the display unit 5001, the speaker 5003, and the LED lamp 5004. , connection terminal 5006, sensor 5007 (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotational speed) Distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemicals, sound, time, hardness, electric field, electric current, voltage, power, (including functions for measuring radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared radiation), It includes an ICrophone 5008, a display unit 5002, a support unit 5012, an earphone 5013, etc. .

[0319] The light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention can be used in the display unit 5001 and the display unit 5002. .

[0320] A light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention can also be mounted on the windshield or dashboard of an automobile. This can be done. Figure 12 shows a light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention on the windshield or dashboard of an automobile. One embodiment for use in the code is shown. Display areas 5200 to 5203 are according to one embodiment of the present invention. This is a display that uses a light-emitting device.

[0321] Display area 5200 and display area 5201 are provided on the windshield of an automobile according to the present invention. This is a display device equipped with a light-emitting device of a certain type. The light-emitting device has a light-transmitting anode and cathode. By using electrodes that allow the other side to be seen through, a so-called see-through display is created. It can be made into a device. If it is a see-through display, it can be installed on the windshield of a car. Even if placed, it can be installed without obstructing the view. When incorporating transistors, organic transistors made from organic semiconductor materials or oxides may be used. It is preferable to use transistors that are transparent to light, such as semiconductor transistors.

[0322] The display area 5202 is a display device equipped with a light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention, which is provided on the pillar portion. The display area 5202 displays images from an imaging device installed on the vehicle body. This allows for the correction of the view obstructed by the pillars. Similarly, the dashboard The display area 5203 located in the dome section provides a view outside the vehicle that is obstructed by the vehicle body. By displaying images from the captured imaging device, blind spots are compensated for, and safety is enhanced. This is possible. By projecting images to complement the unseen parts, it becomes more natural and less jarring. Safety checks can be performed.

[0323] Display area 5203 also displays navigation information, speed, RPM, and various other information. It can be provided. The display items and layout can be changed as appropriate to suit the user's preferences. This information can be changed. Furthermore, this information is also provided in display areas 5200 to 5202. It can be done. Also, display areas 5200 to 5203 can be used as an illumination device. It is also possible to do so.

[0324] Figures 13(A) and (B) also show a foldable portable information terminal 5150. The portable information terminal 5150 consists of a housing 5151, a display area 5152, and a bendable portion 515 It has 3. Figure 13(A) shows the portable information terminal 5150 in its unfolded state. Figure 13( B) shows the portable information terminal in its folded state. The portable information terminal 5150 has a large display area Despite having a 5152mm field of view, it folds up compactly and is highly portable.

[0325] The display area 5152 can be folded in half by the bending portion 5153. Bending portion 515 3 consists of an expandable member and multiple support members, and when folded, the expandable The member stretches. The bent portion 5153 has a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more, preferably 3 mm or more. It folds up.

[0326] Note that the display area 5152 is a touch panel (input / output) equipped with a touch sensor (input device). It may also be a device. The light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention can be used in the display area 5152. Cut.

[0327] Figures 14(A) to (C) also show a foldable portable information terminal 9310. Figure 14 (A) shows the portable information terminal 9310 in its unfolded state. Figure 14(B) shows the unfolded state or This shows the portable information terminal 9310 in an intermediate state, transitioning from one folded state to the other. Figure 14(C) shows the folded state of the personal digital information terminal 9310. Personal digital information terminal 9310 It offers excellent portability when folded and a seamless, wide display area when unfolded. This provides excellent readability in the display.

[0328] The display panel 9311 is supported by three housings 9315 connected by hinges 9313. The display panel 9311 is a touch panel equipped with a touch sensor (input device). It may also be an input / output device. In addition, the display panel 9311 is connected via the hinge 9313. By bending the two housings 9315, the mobile information terminal 9310 is unfolded. It can be reversibly transformed from a folded state. A light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention It can be used with the display panel 9311. [Examples]

[0329] ≪Example of synthesis≫ In this embodiment, the synthesis method for the low refractive index hole transport material described in Embodiment 2 will be explained. do.

[0330] First, N,N-bis(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-9,9,-dimethyl-9H-full This document describes the detailed synthesis method of olen-2-amine (abbreviated as dchPAF). The structure of PAF is shown below.

[0331] [ka]

[0332] <Step 1: N,N-bis(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-9,9,-dimethyl-9 Synthesis of H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: dchPAF) 10.6g of 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (51mm) in a three-necked flask. ol), 4-cyclohexyl-1-bromobenzene 18.2g (76 mmol), sodium Add 21.9g (228mmol) of um-tert-butoxide and 255mL of xylene. After degassing under reduced pressure, the flask was purged with nitrogen. This mixture was then heated to approximately 50°C. It was heated and stirred. Here, allyl palladium chloride dimer(II) (abbreviated as [(Allyl) PdCl]2) 370 mg (1.0 mmol), di-tert-butyl (1-methyl-2) ,2-diphenylcyclopropyl)phosphine (abbreviation: cBRIDP(registered trademark))16 60 mg (4.0 mmol) was added, and this mixture was heated at 120°C for approximately 5 hours. Afterward, the flask temperature was returned to approximately 60°C, and approximately 4 mL of water was added to precipitate the solid. The solid was filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated, and the resulting solution was subjected to silica gel column chromatography. It was purified using [method]. The resulting solution was concentrated to obtain a concentrated toluene solution. This toluene solution was then [method]. The solution was added dropwise to tanol and reprecipitation occurred. The precipitate was filtered at approximately 10°C, and the resulting solid was heated at approximately 80°C. The product was dried under reduced pressure to obtain 10.1 g of the target white solid in a yield of 40%. Step 1 The synthesis scheme for dchPAF is shown below.

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[0334] Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the white solid obtained in step 1 above ( 1 (H-NMR) The analysis results are shown below. From this, it can be concluded that dchPAF was synthesized in this synthesis example. Understood.

[0335] 1 H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.60(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.53( d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.37(d,2H,J=7.5Hz),7.29(td ,1H,J=7.5Hz,1.0Hz),7.23(td,1H,J=7.5Hz,1. 0Hz),7.19(d,1H,J=1.5Hz),7.06(m,8H),6.97( dd,1H,J=8.0Hz,1.5Hz),2.41-2.51(brm,2H),1 .79-1.95(m,8H),1.70-1.77(m,2H),1.33-1.45 (brm, 14H), 1.19-1.30 (brm, 2H).

[0336] Similarly, organic compounds represented by structural formulas (101) to (111) below were synthesized.

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[0339] Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the above organic compounds ( 1 The results of the analysis (using 1H-NMR) are shown below.

[0340] Structural formula (101) N-[(4'-cyclohexyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4yl]- N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine n (abbreviation: chBichPAF) 1 H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.63(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.57( d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.51(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.46(d, 2H,J=7.5Hz),7.38(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.30(td,1 H,J=7.0Hz,1.5Hz),7.20-7.28(m,6H),7.01-7. 18(m,7H),2.43-2.57(brm,2H),1.81-1.96(m,8 H),1.71-1.79(brm,2H),1.34-1.50(brm,14H), 1.20-1.32 (brm, 2H).

[0341] Structural formula (102) N,N-bis(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-N-(spiro[cyclo Hexane-1,9'[9H]fluorene]-2'-yl)amine (abbreviation: dchPASc) hF) 1 H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.60-7.65(m,2H),7.54(d,1 H,J=8.0Hz),7.28-7.35(m,2H),7.19-7.24(t,1 H,J=7.5Hz),7.02-7.12(m,8H),6.97-7.22(d,1 H,J=8.0Hz),2.40-2.52(brm,2H),1.79-1.95(m ,10H),1.63-1.78(m,9H),1.55-1.63(m,1H),1. 32-1.46(m,8H),1.18-1.30(brm,2H).

[0342] Structural formula (103) N-[(4'-cyclohexyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] -N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-N-(spiro[cyclohexane-1,9'-[ 9H-Fluorene-2'-yl)amine (abbreviation: chBichPASchF) 1 H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.65(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.58( d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.51(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.46(m, 2H),7.39(d,1H,1.5Hz),7.32(t,1H,J=8.0Hz), 7.21-7.38(m,3H),7.14-7.18(m,2H),7.08-7.1 4(m,4H),7.06(dd,1H,J=8.0Hz,1.5Hz),2.43-2 .57(brm,2H),1.80-1.97(m,10H),1.64-1.80(m ,9H),1.56-1.64(m,1H),1.34-1.53(m,8H),1.2 0-1.32 (brm, 2H).

[0343] Structural formula (104) N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-N,N-bis(spiro[cyclo Hexane-1,9'-[9H]-fluorene]-2'-yl)amine (abbreviation: SchFB) 1chP) 1 H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.64(t,4H,J=8.0Hz),7.59( d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.39(brs,2H),7.33(t,2H,J=7 .5Hz),7.20-7.25(m,2H),7.12(brs,4H),7.08( d,2H,J=8.0Hz),2.44-2.52(brm,1H),1.63-1.9 7(m,23H),1.50-1.61(m,2H),1.34-1.48(m,4H) ,1.20-1.32(brm,1H).

[0344] Structural formula (105) N-[(3',5'-Ditter-butyl)-1,1'-biphenyl -4-yl]-N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluor Len-2-amine (abbreviation: mmtBuBichPAF) 1 H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.63(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.57( d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.44-7.49(m,2H),7.37-7.42( m,4H),7.31(td,1H,J=7.5Hz,2.0Hz),7.23-7.2 7(m,2H),7.15-7.19(m,2H),7.08-7.14(m,4H), 7.05(dd,1H,J=8.0Hz,2.0Hz),2.43-2.53(brm, 1H),1.81-1.96(m,4H),1.75(d,1H,J=12.5Hz), 1.32-1.48(m,28H),1.20-1.31(brm,1H).

[0345] Structural formula (106) N,N-bis(3',5'-ditter-butyl-1,1'-bife Nyl-4-yl)-9,9,-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: dmm tBuBiAF) 1 H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.66(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.62( d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.51(d,4H,J=8.5Hz),7.38-7. 44(m,7H),7.26-7.35(m,3H),7.20-7.25(m,4H) ,7.13(dd,1H,J=8.0Hz,1.5Hz),1.45(s,6H),1. 39 (s, 36H).

[0346] Structural formula (107) N-(3,5-diter-butylphenyl)-N-(3',5', -Diter-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9,-dimethyl-9 H-Fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: mmtBuBimmtBuPAF) 1 H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.64(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.57( d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.48(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.43(m, 2H),7.39(m,2H),7.31(td,1H,J=6.0Hz,1.5Hz) ,7.15-7.25(m,4H),6.97-7.02(m,4H),1.42(s, 6H), 1.38(s,18H), 1.25(s,18H).

[0347] Structural formula (108) N,N-bis(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-9,9-dipropyl- 9H-Fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: dchPAPrF) 1 H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.58(m,1H),7.51(d,1H,J=8 .0Hz),7.28(t,2H,J=7.5Hz),7.19-7.24(m,1H) ,7.11(d,1H,J=1.5Hz),7.00-7.19(m,8H),6.97 (dd,1H,J=8.0Hz,1.5Hz),2.40-2.50(brm,2H), 1.70-1.94(m,14H),1.33-1.46(m,8H),1.18-1. 30 (brm, 2H), 0.60-0.78 (m, 10H).

[0348] Structural formula (109) N-[(3',5'-dicyclohexyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4 -yl]-N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene -2-amine (abbreviation: mmchBichPAF) 1H-NMR.δ(CDCl3):7.63(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.57( d,1H,J=8.5Hz),7.46(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.39(d, 1H,J=7.5Hz),7.31(td,1H,J=7.5Hz,1.5Hz),7. 21-7.28(m,4H),7.07-7.18(m,6H),7.02-7.06( m,1H),7.01(s,1H),2.44-2.57(brm,3H),1.89- 1.96(m,6H),1.81-1.88(m,6H),1.71-1.78(m,3 H),1.34-1.53(m,18H),1.20-1.32(m,3H).

[0349] Structural formula (110) N-(3,3'',5,5''-tetra-t-butyl-1,1':3' ,1''-terphenyl-5'-yl)-N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-9,9 -dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: mmtBumTPchPAF) 1 H-NMR(300MHz, CDCl3):δ=7.63(d,J=6.6Hz,1H ),7.58(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.42-7.37(m,4H),7.3 6-7.09(m,14H),2.55-2.39(m,1H),1.98-1.20( m,51H).

[0350] Structural formula (111) N-(4-cyclododecylphenyl)-N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl) (Nyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: CdoPchPAF) ) 1 H-NMR(300MHz, CDCl3):δ=7.61(d,J=6.6Hz,1H ),7.53(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=7.5Hz,1H), 7.33-7.17(m,3H),7.12-6.95(m,9H),2.77-2.6 6(m,1H),2.52-2.39(m,1H),1.96-1.26(m,37H) .

[0351] Furthermore, Figures 15 to 26 show the refractive index of the 12 materials described above using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (J-12). The results measured using the M-2000U (manufactured by A-Woolam Japan) are shown below. Figure 15 is dchPAF, Figure 16 is chBichPAF, and Figure 17 is dchPASchF. Figure 18 shows chBichPASchF, Figure 19 shows SchFB1chP, and Figure 20 shows mm Figure 21 shows tBuBichPAF, Figure 22 shows dmmtBuBiAF, and Figure 22 shows mmtBuBim Figure 23 shows mtBuPAF, Figure 24 shows dchPAPrF, and Figure 24 shows mmchBichPAF. Figure 25 shows the refractive index of mmtBumTPchPAF, and Figure 26 shows the refractive index of CdoPchPAF. This is the data. For the measurement, each layer of material was deposited on a quartz substrate using vacuum deposition, with a thickness of approximately 50 nm. A film was used. Note that the figure shows n, the refractive index of ordinary light, and an abnormal film. The refractive index of light rays, n and extraordinary, are listed.

[0352] Thus, these organic compounds were found to be materials with low refractive indices. [Examples]

[0353] In this embodiment, a light-emitting device 1 according to one aspect of the present invention, in which the refractive index of the hole transport layer is small, and a normal refraction Regarding the ratio comparison light emission device 1, the amount of light reaching the color conversion layer was calculated from the simulation. The results are shown below.

[0354] The calculation is performed using an organic device simulator (semiconducting emissiv e thin film optics simulator:setfos; cybernetic The experiment was conducted using (Net System Co., Ltd.). The light-emitting region was fixed in the center of the light-emitting layer, and the organic layer was refraction. Assuming the refractive index is 1.6 for materials with a low refractive index and 1.9 for materials with a normal refractive index, the wavelength dispersion is None was chosen. The film thickness of each layer is determined by the blue index (B) when the refractive index of the color conversion layer is 1. The system was optimized to maximize I). The emission spectrum is as shown in Figure 27. It was assumed that the light emission was possessed. Furthermore, the light-emitting device extracts light from the cathode side. As a mission-type light-emitting device, the total optical path length between the anode-side reflective electrode and the cathode is The thickness of the hole transport layer was adjusted to be an integer multiple of λ / 2. A QD was used in the color conversion layer. Assuming its presence, the calculation was performed taking into account the quench due to the Purcell effect. The stacked structure of the light-emitting device is shown in the table below.

[0355] [Table 1]

[0356] The refractive index and extinction coefficient for Ag, ITSO, and Ag:Mg were taken from the material's physical properties. Ta.

[0357] Under the above conditions, the amount of light reaching the color conversion layer when the refractive index of the color conversion layer is changed. The change was calculated. The amount of light reaching the color conversion layer is calculated for a device structure where the color conversion layer does not absorb light. The light extraction efficiency and the sum of the guide modes in the color conversion layer were calculated. The results are shown in Figure 1. This is shown on page 28.

[0358] As shown in Figure 28, by lowering the refractive index of the hole transport layer, the refractive index of the color conversion layer can be brought within a practical range. It was found that the amount of light reaching the color conversion layer increases. An increase in QD means that more excitation light reaches the color conversion layer, resulting in more QDs. It can be excited.

[0359] (Reference example) In this reference example, a light-emitting device using a low refractive index material as described in the embodiment and a light-emitting device that does not use such a material are shown. This section will explain the comparison with optical devices. The structural formulas of the organic compounds used in this example are shown below. vinegar.

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[0361] (Method for fabricating light-emitting device 1) First, silver (Ag) is sputtered onto a glass substrate as a reflective electrode at a rate of 100 nm. A film is formed to the specified thickness, followed by the use of indium tin oxide (ITSO) containing silicon oxide as a transparent electrode. The first electrode 101 was formed by depositing a film with a thickness of 10 nm using the sputtering method. Oh, the electrode area is 4mm². 2 (2mm x 2mm)

[0362] Next, as a pretreatment for forming a light-emitting device on the substrate, the substrate surface is washed with water, and 2 After firing at 0°C for 1 hour, UV ozone treatment was performed for 370 seconds.

[0363] Then, 10 -4 A substrate is introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus where the internal pressure is reduced to approximately Pa, and then vacuum deposition is performed. After vacuum firing at 170°C for 30 minutes in the heating chamber of the apparatus, the substrate is left for approximately 30 minutes. It was allowed to cool.

[0364] Next, the first electrode 101 is formed such that the surface on which the first electrode 101 is formed faces downwards. The prepared substrate is fixed to a substrate holder provided inside the vacuum deposition apparatus, and on the first electrode 101, By vapor deposition, N,N-bis(4-cyclohexylphenyl) represented by the above structural formula (i) -9,9,-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: dchPAF) and electrons The xepta material (OCHD-001) and the dchPAF are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:0.05 (=dchPAF:OC A hole injection layer 111 was formed by co-depositing 10 nm to create HD-001.

[0365] A hole transport layer 112 was formed on the hole injection layer 111 by depositing 125 nm of dchPAF. .

[0366] Next, on the hole transport layer 112, N,N-bis[4-(di [Benzofran-4-yl)phenyl]-4-amino-p-terphenyl (abbreviation: DBfB) An electron blocking layer was formed by depositing B1TP) to a thickness of 10 nm.

[0367] Subsequently, 9-(1-naphthyl)-10-[4-(2-naphthyl], represented by the above structural formula (iii), is found. [Phthyl)phenyl]anthracene (abbreviation: αN-βNPAnth) and the above structural formula (iv ) represented as 3,10-bis[N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)- N-phenylamino]naphtho[2,3-b;6,7-b']bisbenzofuran (abbreviation: 3 ,10PCA2Nbf(IV)-02) and by weight ratio 1:0.015 (=αN-βNP Anth:3,10PCA2Nbf(IV)-02) is generated by co-depositing at 25nm. A photon layer 113 was formed.

[0368] Subsequently, the structure represented by the above structural formula (v) is 2-{4-[9,10-di(2-naphthyl)-2 -Anthryl]phenyl}-1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole (abbreviation: ZADN) ) and 8-quinolinolato-lithium (abbreviation: Liq) represented by the above structural formula (vi) , 30nm co-deposited so that the weight ratio is 1:1 (=ZADN:Liq) to form the electron transport layer 1 Formed 14.

[0369] After the formation of the electron transport layer 114, a film of Liq is deposited to a thickness of 1 nm to form the electron injection layer 115. Finally, silver (Ag) and magnesium (Mg) were mixed in a volume ratio of 10:1, with a film thickness of 15 nm. The second electrode 102 was formed by co-deposition in a certain manner, and the light-emitting device 1 was fabricated. Oh, the second electrode 102 has the function of reflecting light and the function of transmitting light, making it semi-transmissive and semi-reflective. The electrode is a top-emission type, and this light-emitting device extracts light from the second electrode 102. This is the device. Also, on the second electrode 102, represented by the above structural formula (vii), 3,5-tri(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)-benzene (abbreviation: DBT3P-II) The light extraction efficiency is improved by depositing a 70nm layer.

[0370] (Method for fabricating light-emitting device 2) Light-emitting device 2 uses dchPAF, which was used in the hole injection layer and hole transport layer of light-emitting device 1. The above structural formula (viii) represents N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9 -dimethyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]- By replacing it with 9H-fluorene-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF), the thickness of the hole transport layer was increased to 11 Except for setting the wavelength to 0 nm, the device was fabricated in the same manner as light-emitting device 1.

[0371] The element structures of light-emitting device 1 and light-emitting device 2 are summarized in the table below.

[0372] [Table 2]

[0373] Furthermore, dchPAF is a material whose refractive index for light with a wavelength of 467 nm is 1.75 or less. Yes, and other organic compounds have a refractive index greater than 1.75 for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. It is a significant substance. Figure 35 shows the results of measuring the refractive indices of dchPAF and PCBBiF.

[0374] When anisotropy occurs in a material, the refractive index relative to ordinary light (ordinary refractive index) The refractive index for extraordinary light (extra-ordinary refractive index) is different. There is such a condition. If the thin film to be measured is in such a state, anisotropy analysis can be performed to determine the normal photorefractometer. The refractive index can be calculated by separating it into refractive index and anomalous refractive index. In this case, if the measured material has both an ordinary refractive index and an extraordinary refractive index, the ordinary refractive index... This is used as an indicator.

[0375] The above light-emitting device is placed in a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the light-emitting device is exposed to the air. The process of sealing the element with a glass substrate to prevent exposure (applying UV-curable sealant around the element) The coating process involves irradiating only the sealing material with UV light, ensuring that the light-emitting device is not irradiated, and then applying atmospheric pressure. After heat treatment at 80°C for 1 hour (as shown below), the initial characteristics of these light-emitting devices were measured. They did that.

[0376] Figure 29 shows the luminance-current density characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and light-emitting device 2, and the current efficiency-luminance characteristics. The characteristics are shown in Figure 30, the luminance-voltage characteristics in Figure 31, the current-voltage characteristics in Figure 32, and the blue index The luminance characteristics are shown in Figure 33, and the emission spectrum is shown in Figure 34. and light-emitting device 2 with a luminescence of 1000 cd / m² 2 Table 3 shows the main characteristics in the vicinity. For measuring chromaticity, CIE chromaticity, and emission spectrum, a spectroradiometer (Topcon SR-UL) is used. Measurements were taken at room temperature using 1R).

[0377] [Table 3]

[0378] From Figures 29 to 34 and Table 3, in the blue light emission region, materials with a refractive index of 1.75 or less The light-emitting device 1 used has better current efficiency and blue index compared to light-emitting device 2. It was found to be a light-emitting device that exhibits a color change. Such a light-emitting device is used as a color conversion layer. By combining these elements, a highly efficient light-emitting device can be obtained. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0379] 100 circuit boards 101 First electrode 102 Second electrode 103 EL layer 111 Hole injection layer 112 Hole transport layer 113 Emitting layer 113-1 Emitting layer 113-2 Emitting layer 114 Electron transport layer 115 Electron injection layer 116 Charge generation layer 117 P type layer 118 Electron relay layer 119 Electron injection buffer layer 200 Insulator 201 First electrode 201B First electrode 201G First electrode 201R First electrode 201W First electrode 202 EL layer 203 Second electrode 204 Protective layer 205B Structure with the function of scattering light 205G color conversion layer 205R color conversion layer 205W Color Conversion Layer 205 Color Conversion Layer 206 Black Matrix 207 Light-emitting devices 207B First Light-Emitting Device 207G Second Light-Emitting Device 207R Third Light-Emitting Device 207W Fourth Light-Emitting Device 208 pixels 208B First pixel 208G Second pixel 208R Third pixel 208W 4th pixel 209 Optical distance Means for imparting 210G directionality 210R means of imparting directionality 215B Color Filter 225R Color Filter 225G Color Filter 225B Color Filter 501 Anode 502 Cathode 511 First light-emitting unit 512 Second light-emitting unit 513 Charge generation layer 601 Drive circuit section (source line drive circuit) 602 pixel section 603 Drive circuit section (gate wire drive circuit) 604 Sealing substrate 605 Sealant 607 Space 608 Wiring 609 FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) 610 element substrate 611 Switching FET 612 Current-Controlled FET 613 Anode 614 Insulators 616 EL layer 617 Cathode 618 Light-emitting devices 623 FET 1001 circuit board 1002 Underlying insulating film 1003 Gate Insulator 10:06 Guard Station 1007 🙏 1008 Gate 1020 First interlayer insulating film 1021 Second interlayer insulating film 1022 Electrode 1024R First electrode 1024G First electrode 1024B First electrode 1025 Bulkhead 1028 EL layer 1029 Cathode 1030 space 1031 Sealing substrate 1032 Sealant 1033 Transparent base material 1034R Red color conversion layer 1034G Green color conversion layer 1035 Black Matrix 1036 Overcoat layer 1037 Third interlayer insulating film 1040 pixel section 1041 Drive circuit section 1042 Peripheral area 2100 Robots 2110 Arithmetic equipment 2101 Illuminance Sensor 2102 Microphone 2103 Top Camera 2104 Speaker 2105 Display 2106 Lower Camera 2107 Obstacle Sensor 2108 Moving mechanism 5000 cabinets 5001 Display section 5002 Display section 5003 Speaker 5004 LED Lamp 5006 Connection terminal 5007 Sensor 5008 Microphone 5012 Support part 5013 Earphones 5100 Cleaning Robot 5101 Display 5102 Camera 5103 Brush 5104 Operation Buttons 5150 Mobile Information Terminal 5151 enclosure 5152 Display area 5153 Bent section 5120 Garbage 5200 display area 5201 Display area 5202 Display area 5203 Display area 7101 enclosure 7103 Display section 7105 Stand 7107 Display section 7109 Operation Keys 7110 Remote Control Unit 7201 Main Unit 7202 enclosure 7203 Display section 7204 Keyboard 7205 External connection port 7206 Pointing device 7210 Second display unit 7401 enclosure 7402 Display section 7403 Operation Buttons 7404 External connection port 7405 Speaker 7406 Microphone 9310 Mobile Information Terminal 9311 Display Panel 9313 Hinge 9315 enclosure

Claims

1. It comprises a first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer, The first light-emitting device has a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. Between the anode and the light-emitting layer, there is a layer containing a first organic compound having a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first organic compound is a monoamine compound having a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring, and a third aromatic ring. The first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first organic compound has a ratio of 23% to 55% of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. The peak wavelength of the emission spectrum obtained from the first light-emitting device is located between 440 nm and 520 nm. A light-emitting device having a layer between the cathode and the first color conversion layer containing a second organic compound with a molecular weight of 300 to 1200.

2. A first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer, The first light-emitting device has a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. Between the anode and the light-emitting layer, there is a layer containing a first organic compound having a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first organic compound is a monoamine compound having a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring, and a third aromatic ring. The first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first organic compound has a ratio of 23% to 55% of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. The first light-emitting device emits blue light, A light-emitting device having a layer between the cathode and the first color conversion layer containing a second organic compound with a molecular weight of 300 to 1200.

3. A first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer, The first light-emitting device has a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. Between the anode and the light-emitting layer, there is a layer containing a first organic compound having a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first organic compound is a monoamine compound having a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring, and a third aromatic ring. The first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first organic compound has a ratio of 23% to 55% of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. The peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the light-emitting material in the light-emitting layer is located between 440 nm and 520 nm. A light-emitting device having a layer between the cathode and the first color conversion layer containing a second organic compound with a molecular weight of 300 to 1200.

4. A first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer, The first light-emitting device has a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. Between the anode and the light-emitting layer, there is a layer containing a first organic compound having a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first organic compound is a monoamine compound having a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring, and a third aromatic ring. The first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first organic compound has a ratio of 23% to 55% of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. The light-emitting material in the aforementioned light-emitting layer emits blue light, A light-emitting device having a layer between the cathode and the first color conversion layer containing a second organic compound with a molecular weight of 300 to 1200.

5. It comprises a first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer, The first light-emitting device has a hole injection layer and a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. The hole injection layer is provided in contact with the anode, The hole injection layer contains a first organic compound having a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first organic compound is a monoamine compound having a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring, and a third aromatic ring. The first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first organic compound has a ratio of 23% to 55% of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. The peak wavelength of the emission spectrum obtained from the first light-emitting device is located between 440 nm and 520 nm. A light-emitting device having a layer between the cathode and the first color conversion layer containing a second organic compound with a molecular weight of 300 to 1200.

6. A first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer, The first light-emitting device has a hole injection layer and a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. The hole injection layer is provided in contact with the anode, The hole injection layer contains a first organic compound having a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first organic compound is a monoamine compound having a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring, and a third aromatic ring. The first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first organic compound has a ratio of 23% to 55% of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. The first light-emitting device emits blue light, A light-emitting device having a layer between the cathode and the first color conversion layer containing a second organic compound with a molecular weight of 300 to 1200.

7. A first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer, The first light-emitting device has a hole injection layer and a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. The hole injection layer is provided in contact with the anode, The hole injection layer contains a first organic compound having a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first organic compound is a monoamine compound having a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring, and a third aromatic ring. The first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first organic compound has a ratio of 23% to 55% of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. The peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the light-emitting material in the light-emitting layer is located between 440 nm and 520 nm. A light-emitting device having a layer between the cathode and the first color conversion layer containing a second organic compound with a molecular weight of 300 to 1200.

8. A first light-emitting device and a first color conversion layer, The first light-emitting device has a hole injection layer and a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. The hole injection layer is provided in contact with the anode, The hole injection layer contains a first organic compound having a refractive index of 1.75 or less for light with a wavelength of 467 nm. The first organic compound is a monoamine compound having a first aromatic ring, a second aromatic ring, and a third aromatic ring. The first aromatic ring, the second aromatic ring, and the third aromatic ring are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first organic compound has a ratio of 23% to 55% of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. The light-emitting material in the aforementioned light-emitting layer emits blue light, A light-emitting device having a layer between the cathode and the first color conversion layer containing a second organic compound with a molecular weight of 300 to 1200.

9. In any one of claims 1 to 8, The cathode is a light-emitting device having the function of transmitting light.

10. In any one of claims 1 to 9, The first color conversion layer is a light-emitting device having quantum dots.

11. In any one of claims 1 to 10, A light-emitting device in which the first light-emitting device has a micro-resonant structure.

12. In any one of claims 1 to 11, The light-emitting device has a color filter, The first color conversion layer is a light-emitting device located between the first light-emitting device and the color filter.

13. A light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and at least one of a sensor, an operation button, a speaker, and a microphone, Electronic devices having

14. A light-emitting device comprising a light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, a transistor, and at least one of a substrate.

15. A lighting device comprising a light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and a housing.

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