Polarizing plates and organic EL display devices

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a polarizing plate whereby, when the polarizing plate is applied to an organic EL display device and black display is performed, reflectance during view from an oblique direction is reduced, and coloration of black is suppressed. The present invention also addresses the problem of providing an organic EL display device. This polarizing plate includes a light absorption anisotropic layer having at least one type of pigment compound, and a λ / 4 retardation film, the angle formed by the transmittance center axis of the light absorption anisotropic layer and a line normal to the layer plane of the light absorption anisotropic layer being 0-45°, the retardation Rth in the thickness direction of the light absorption anisotropic layer being -20 to -160 nm for each of wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm, and A(λ) of the light absorption anisotropic layer indicated by formula (1) being 20 to 200 nm for each of wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm.　Formula (1): A(λ) = [kz(λ) – (kx(λ) + ky(λ)) / 2] × d

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a polarizing plate and an organic EL (electroluminescence) display device.

Background Art

[0002] An organic EL display device is a self-emitting type thin display device, and has advantages in display performance such as high visibility and low viewing angle dependence compared to a liquid crystal display device (LCD). In addition to the advantages of weight reduction and thinning of the display, by using a flexible substrate, there is a possibility of realizing a display device with a shape that has not been achievable so far.

[0003] An organic EL display device has excellent characteristics as described above. However, since a transparent conductive material with a high refractive index such as ITO (indium tin oxide) is used for the electrodes, layers with different refractive indices are laminated, or a metal material with a high reflectivity is used, external light is reflected at those interfaces, and problems such as contrast reduction and reflection due to internal reflection may occur.

[0004] In order to solve the problems caused by the above reflection, a circular polarizing plate using a λ / 4 retardation film may be used. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a broadband λ / 4 plate (retardation film) and a broadband circular polarizing plate using the same.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] When the broadband circular polarizing plate described in Patent Document 1 is applied to an organic EL display device, there is a problem that the reflectivity becomes high when viewed from an oblique direction during black display, and a black color tint occurs.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing plate that is applied to an organic EL display device and has a low reflectance when viewed obliquely and suppressed black coloring when black display is performed. Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL display device.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] The present inventors have found that by combining a light absorption anisotropic layer in which the angle θ between the transmission center axis and the film normal is 0 to 45° and the retardation and absorption anisotropy in the thickness direction are controlled with a circular polarizing plate, the reflectance and coloring when viewed obliquely can be improved, and the present invention has been completed.

[0009] That is, it has been found that the above problems can be solved by the following configuration. [[]]

[0010] 〔1〕 A polarizing plate including a polarizer, a light absorption anisotropic layer having at least one kind of dye compound, and a λ / 4 retardation film, where the angle between the transmission center axis of the light absorption anisotropic layer and the normal of the layer plane of the light absorption anisotropic layer is 0 to 45°, and the retardation Rth in the thickness direction of the light absorption anisotropic layer is -20 to -160 nm at any of a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm, and a wavelength of 630 nm, and A(λ) of the light absorption anisotropic layer represented by formula (1) is 20 to 200 nm at any of a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm, and a wavelength of 630 nm. Formula (1) A(λ) = {kz(λ) - (kx(λ) + ky(λ)) / 2} × d In formula (1), d is the thickness of the light absorption anisotropic layer, kx(λ) and ky(λ) are the absorption coefficients for light of wavelength λ in the directions of the orthogonal x-axis and y-axis in the plane of the light absorption anisotropic layer, respectively, and kz(λ) is the absorption coefficient for light of wavelength λ in the z-axis direction orthogonal to the plane including the x-axis and y-axis. However, the unit of the thickness of the light absorption anisotropic layer represented by d is nm. [2] The polarizing plate according to [1], wherein A(λ) is 40 to 150 nm at all wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm. [3] The polarizing plate according to [1] or [2], wherein the light-absorbing anisotropic layer comprises a liquid crystalline compound and at least one dichroic dye compound. [4] A polarizing plate according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the polarizer, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, and the λ / 4 phase difference film are laminated in this order, or the polarizer, the λ / 4 phase difference film, and the light-absorbing anisotropic layer are laminated in this order. [5] A polarizing plate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the polarizer, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, and the λ / 4 phase difference film are laminated in this order. [6] An organic EL display device having a polarizing plate described in any one of [1] to [5], wherein the polarizer is positioned on the viewing side. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a polarizing plate and an image display device that, when applied to an organic EL display device, have low reflectivity when viewed from an oblique direction and suppress the color tint of black when displaying black. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] The present invention will be described in detail below. The following description of the constituent elements may be based on typical embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. In this specification, a numerical range represented by "~" means a range that includes the numbers written before and after "~" as the lower and upper limits, respectively. Furthermore, in this specification, "parallel" and "orthogonal" do not mean parallel or orthogonal in the strict sense, but rather a range of ±5° from parallel or orthogonal.

[0013] Furthermore, in this specification, the terms "liquid crystal composition" and "liquid crystal compound" also include, conceptually, substances that no longer exhibit liquid crystal properties due to curing or other reasons.

[0014] Furthermore, in this specification, each component may be represented by a single substance or by a combination of two or more substances. When two or more substances are used in combination for each component, the content of that component refers to the total content of the combined substances unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, in this specification, "(meth)acrylate" refers to "acrylate" or "methacrylate," "(meth)acrylic" refers to "acrylic" or "methacrylic," and "(meth)acryloyl" refers to "acryloyl" or "methacryloyl."

[0015] In this invention, the refractive indices nx and ny are the refractive indices in the in-plane direction of the optical element, respectively. Typically, nx is the refractive index in the direction of the slow phase axis, and ny is the refractive index in the direction of the fast phase axis (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the slow phase axis). Nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction. nx, ny, and nz can be measured, for example, using an Abbe refractometer (NAR-4T, manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.) with a sodium lamp (λ=589nm) as the light source. When measuring wavelength dependence, it can be measured using a multi-wavelength Abbe refractometer DR-M2 (manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.) in combination with an interference filter. Values ​​from the Polymer Handbook (JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.) and catalogs of various optical films can also be used.

[0016] In this specification, Re(λ) and Rth(λ) represent the in-plane phase difference and the phase difference in the thickness direction at wavelength λ, respectively, and are expressed by the following equations (1) and (2) using refractive indices nx, ny, and nz and film thickness d (μm). Equation (1): Re(λ)=(nx-ny)×d×1000(nm) Equation (2): Rth(λ)=((nx+ny) / 2-nz)×d×1000(nm) Unless otherwise specified, the wavelength λ is assumed to be 550 nm. The lagging axis orientation, Re(λ), and Rth(λ) can be measured, for example, using an AxoScan OPMF-1 (OptoScience Co., Ltd.).

[0017] The polarizing plate of the present invention comprises a polarizer, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer having at least one dye compound, and a λ / 4 phase difference film, wherein the angle between the transmittance center axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer and the normal to the layer plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is 0 to 45°, the phase difference Rth in the thickness direction of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is -20 to -160 nm at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm, and A(λ) of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, as shown in the following formula (1), is 20 to 200 nm at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm. Equation (1) A(λ)={kz(λ)-(kx(λ)+ky(λ)) / 2}×d Here, d is the thickness of the optical absorption anisotropy layer, kx and ky are the absorption coefficients for light of wavelength λ in the orthogonal x and y directions within the plane of the optical absorption anisotropy layer, respectively, and kz is the absorption coefficient for light of wavelength λ in the z-axis direction orthogonal to the plane containing the x and y axes. However, the unit of the thickness of the optical absorption anisotropy layer represented by d is nm. The configuration of the polarizing plate of the present invention will be described below.

[0018] [λ / 4 phase difference film] The polarizing plate of the present invention includes a λ / 4 phase difference film. The λ / 4 phase difference film is not particularly limited and may consist of a single optical anisotropy layer or multiple optical anisotropy layers. That is, the λ / 4 phase difference film may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. For a λ / 4 phase difference film consisting of multiple optical anisotropy layers, refer to, for example, paragraphs

[0008] to

[0053] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-209219. Furthermore, such a λ / 4 phase difference film and the light-absorbing anisotropic film described later may be in contact with each other, or other layers may be provided between them. Examples of such layers include adhesive layers and bonding layers for ensuring adhesion.

[0019] The λ / 4 phase difference film used in the polarizing plate of the present invention is a film that has the function of generating a phase difference of λ / 4, and more specifically, it is a film that has the function of converting linearly polarized light of a certain wavelength into circularly polarized light (or circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light). In particular, the in-plane retardation Re(550) at a wavelength of 550 nm of the λ / 4 plate phase difference film used in the polarizing plate of the present invention is preferably 100 to 200 nm, and more preferably 120 to 160 nm. For example, a single-layer structure of the λ / 4 phase difference film can be a stretched polymer film or a phase difference film with an optically anisotropic layer having λ / 4 functionality provided on a support. Furthermore, a multi-layer structure of the λ / 4 plate can be a broadband λ / 4 plate formed by laminating a λ / 4 plate and a λ / 2 plate.

[0020] [Light-absorbing anisotropic layer] The polarizing plate of the present invention includes a light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The light-absorbing anisotropic layer used in the polarizing plate of the present invention has an angle of 0 to 45° between the transmittance center axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer and the normal to the layer plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Here, the transmittance center axis refers to the angle of inclination of the layer plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer with respect to the normal (film normal direction), and the angle and direction that shows the highest transmittance when the transmittance is measured while changing the direction of inclination. The angle between the transmittance center axis and the film normal is preferably 0 to 10°, more preferably 0 to 5°, and even more preferably 0 to 2°. By setting the angle within the above range, the transmittance when viewed from the front can be increased, and the front brightness of the image display device can be increased. To determine the transmittance center axis, the transmittance of the optical absorption anisotropy layer with P-polarized light at a wavelength of 550 nm is measured using an AxoScan OPMF-1 (OptoScience Co., Ltd.). More specifically, during the measurement, the azimuth angle at which the transmittance center axis is tilted is first found. Then, within the plane containing the normal direction of the optical absorption anisotropy layer along that azimuth angle (a plane containing the transmittance center axis and perpendicular to the layer surface), the polar angle, which is the angle between the normal direction of the optical absorption anisotropy layer surface and the polar angle, is changed in 5° increments from -70 to 70°, and P-polarized light at a wavelength of 550 nm is incident on it to measure the transmittance of the optical absorption anisotropy layer. As a result, the direction with the highest transmittance is defined as the transmittance center axis. However, if the transmittance center axis is parallel to the normal of the layer plane of the light-absorbing anisotropy layer, the azimuth angle used to change the polar angle may be in any direction. Furthermore, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer contains at least one dye compound. The dye compound is preferably a dichroic dye compound (hereinafter also simply referred to as a dichroic dye) that exhibits different absorption rates depending on the direction. The dye compounds will be described in detail later. As a method for controlling the transmission axis central axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, a method of oriented dichroic dyes is preferred, and a method of oriented dichroic dyes using the orientation of a liquid crystalline compound is even more preferred. An example of a light-absorbing anisotropic layer that satisfies the above relationship regarding the transmittance central axis is a light-absorbing anisotropic layer in which at least one type of dichroic dye is oriented perpendicular to the layer plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0021] Techniques for oriented dichroic dyes to a desired orientation can be based on techniques for fabricating polarizers using dichroic dyes and techniques for fabricating guest-host liquid crystal cells. For example, techniques used in the fabrication methods for dichroic polarizing elements described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-305036 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-090526, and in the fabrication methods for guest-host type liquid crystal display devices described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-099388 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-027387 can also be used to fabricate the light-absorbing anisotropic layer used in the present invention.

[0022] For example, by utilizing guest-host liquid crystal cell technology, the dichroic dye molecules can be aligned to the desired orientation as described above in conjunction with the orientation of the host liquid crystal. Specifically, by mixing a guest dichroic dye with a rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound that serves as the host liquid crystal, aligning the host liquid crystal, and aligning the dichroic dye molecules along the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, and fixing this orientation, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer used in the present invention can be fabricated.

[0023] To prevent variations in the light absorption properties of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer used in the present invention due to the operating environment, it is preferable to fix the orientation of the dichroic dye by forming chemical bonds. For example, the orientation can be fixed by promoting polymerization of the host liquid crystal, the dichroic dye, or optionally added polymerizable components.

[0024] Alternatively, a guest-host type liquid crystal cell itself, having a liquid crystal layer containing at least a dichroic dye and a host liquid crystal on a pair of substrates, may be used as the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the present invention. The orientation of the host liquid crystal (and the orientation of the associated dichroic dye molecules) can be controlled by an alignment film formed on the inner surface of the substrate, and unless external stimuli such as an electric field are applied, the orientation state is maintained, and the light-absorbing characteristics of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer used in the present invention can be kept constant.

[0025] Furthermore, by impregnating a polymer film with a dichroic dye and orienting the dichroic dye along the orientation of the polymer molecules in the polymer film, a polymer film that satisfies the light absorption characteristics required for the light absorption anisotropy layer used in the present invention can be produced. Specifically, a dichroic dye solution can be applied to the surface of a polymer film and allowed to permeate the film. The orientation of the dichroic dye can be adjusted by the orientation of the polymer chains in the polymer film, their properties (chemical and physical properties of the polymer chains or their functional groups, etc.), the application method, etc. Details of this method are described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-090526.

[0026] The phase difference Rth in the thickness direction of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer used in the polarizing plate of the present invention is -20 to -160 nm for all wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm, preferably -20 to -100 nm, and more preferably -40 to -80 nm. By controlling the phase difference Rth in the thickness direction to the above range, the phase difference in the thickness direction of the λ / 4 phase difference film can be compensated, and the reflectance of light incident from an oblique direction can be reduced.

[0027] The polarizing plate of the present invention uses a light-absorbing anisotropic layer that satisfies the above requirements. The degree of absorption anisotropy in a light-absorbing anisotropic layer can be expressed by various parameters, one example being A(λ) as defined below. The light-absorbing anisotropic layer used in the polarizer of the present invention satisfies the relationship described later with respect to A(λ). A(λ)={kz(λ)-(kx(λ)+ky(λ)) / 2}×d In the formula, d is the thickness of the optically absorbing anisotropic layer (in nm), kx(λ) and ky(λ) are the absorption coefficients for light of wavelength λ in the orthogonal x and y directions within the plane of the optically absorbing anisotropic layer, respectively, and kz(λ) is the absorption coefficient for light of wavelength λ in the z-axis direction orthogonal to the plane containing the x and y axes. The x-axis is the direction in which the refractive index is greatest at a wavelength λ (wavelength 450 nm, wavelength 550 nm, or wavelength 630 nm), and the y-axis is the in-plane direction perpendicular to the x-axis. However, if the refractive index does not change at any azimuthal angle in the in-plane direction, any one direction is taken as the x-axis, and the y-axis is the in-plane direction perpendicular to the x-axis. Here, the absorption coefficient k (kx, ky, and kz) is also called the attenuation index and is a value related to how much light energy is absorbed in a material. Generally, the real component n of the complex refractive index (n + ik (where i is the imaginary unit)) is the so-called refractive index, and the imaginary component k is the absorption coefficient. Note that the k described in this invention is a different physical property from the so-called attenuation coefficient α. For more detailed information on the attenuation index and attenuation coefficient, see, for example, pages 218-219 of section 4.11.2 "Beam propagation in an absorbing medium" in "Principles of Optics, 7th (expanded) edition" by Max Born and Emil Wolf.

[0028] In the light-absorbing anisotropic layer used in the polarizing plate of the present invention, the value of A(λ) is 20 to 200 nm, more preferably 20 to 150 nm, more preferably 40 to 150 nm, and even more preferably 40 to 80 nm, for all wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm. By controlling the value of A(λ) within this range, reflected light caused by ambient light incident from an oblique direction can be reduced, and furthermore, color changes of the reflected light can be suppressed. Furthermore, by controlling the value of A(λ) within this range, the absorption of light emitted from the display can be suppressed, thereby preventing a decrease in brightness.

[0029] The relative magnitudes of the absorption coefficients kx(λ), ky(λ), and kz(λ) can be determined by the value of the absorption anisotropy (diattenuation) of the sample measured using Axometics' AxosScan. Furthermore, the degree of absorption anisotropy A(λ) can be determined by using the above-mentioned measuring device to measure and fit the Müller matrix at multiple wavelengths λ with a predetermined polar angle range (e.g., -50 to 5°) and predetermined intervals (e.g., every 10°) in the phase-advancing axis direction.

[0030] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer used in the present invention preferably has a transmittance of 80% or more in the direction of the transmission axis center axis, and more preferably 85% or more. This makes it possible to increase the brightness at the center of the viewing angle of the image display device and improve visibility.

[0031] In this invention, it is preferable that the λ / 4 phase difference film and the light absorption anisotropy layer are arranged on the same side as viewed from the polarizer. That is, it is preferable that the polarizer, the light absorption anisotropy layer, and the λ / 4 phase difference film are laminated in this order, or that the polarizer, the λ / 4 phase difference film, and the light absorption anisotropy layer are laminated in this order. It is even more preferable that the polarizer, the light absorption anisotropy layer, and the λ / 4 phase difference film are laminated in this order. With this configuration, the generation of reflected light caused by ambient light incident from an oblique direction can be reduced, and changes in the color of the reflected light can be suppressed. The following describes the components contained in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0032] [Liquid crystal compound] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer preferably contains a liquid crystalline compound. That is, it is preferable to form the light-absorbing anisotropic layer using a light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition containing a liquid crystalline compound and a dye compound. By including a liquid crystalline compound, the precipitation of the dye compound (preferably a dichroic dye) can be suppressed while the dye compound (preferably a dichroic dye) can be oriented with a high degree of orientation. For liquid crystalline compounds, those that do not exhibit dichroism in the visible region are preferred. As the liquid crystalline compound, either a low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound or a high-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound can be used, and it is also preferable to use both in combination. Here, "low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound" refers to a liquid crystalline compound that does not have repeating units in its chemical structure. "High-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound" refers to a liquid crystalline compound that has repeating units in its chemical structure.

[0033] Examples of low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compounds include the liquid crystalline compounds described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-228706.

[0034] Examples of polymeric liquid crystalline compounds include the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-237513. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of having excellent strength (particularly flexibility) of the light-absorbing anisotropic film, it is preferable for the polymeric liquid crystalline compound to have repeating units with crosslinkable groups at its ends. Examples of crosslinkable groups include the polymerizable groups described in paragraphs

[0040] to

[0050] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-244038. Among these, from the viewpoint of improving reactivity and synthetic suitability, acryloyl groups, methacryloyl groups, epoxy groups, oxetanyl groups, and styryl groups are preferred, and acryloyl groups and methacryloyl groups are more preferred.

[0035] The liquid crystalline properties exhibited by the liquid crystalline compound may be in the nematic phase or the smectic phase, or may exhibit both the nematic and smectic phases, but it is preferable that it exhibits at least the nematic phase. The smectic phase may be a higher-order smectic phase. The higher-order smectic phases referred to here include smectic phase B, smectic phase D, smectic phase E, smectic phase F, smectic phase G, smectic phase H, smectic phase I, smectic phase J, smectic phase K, and smectic phase L, with smectic phase B, smectic phase F, or smectic phase I being preferred. When the smectic phase exhibited by a liquid crystalline compound is one of these higher-order smectic phases, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with a higher degree of orientational order can be fabricated. Furthermore, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer fabricated from such a higher-order smectic phase with a high degree of orientational order yields Bragg peaks originating from higher-order structures such as the hexatic phase and the crystalline phase in X-ray diffraction measurements. The above-mentioned Bragg peak is a peak derived from the periodic plane structure of molecular orientation, and a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with a periodic interval of 3.0 to 5.0 Å is preferred. The temperature range in which the nematic phase is observed is preferably room temperature (23°C) to 450°C, and from the viewpoint of handling and manufacturing suitability, 50 to 400°C is preferred.

[0036] The content of the liquid crystalline compound is preferably 25 to 2000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 1300 parts by mass, and even more preferably 200 to 900 parts by mass, based on the content of 100 parts by mass of the dye compound (preferably a dichroic dye). Having the liquid crystalline compound content within the above range further improves the orientation of the dye compound. The liquid crystalline compound may be present as a single compound or as two or more compounds. If two or more liquid crystalline compounds are present, the content of the liquid crystalline compound refers to the total content of the liquid crystalline compounds.

[0037] For liquid crystalline compounds, polymeric liquid crystalline compounds containing repeating units represented by the following formula (1L) (hereinafter also referred to as "repeating unit (1L)") are preferred because they offer superior orientation.

[0038] [ka]

[0039] In the above formula (1L), P1 represents the repeating main chain, L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, SP1 represents a spacer group, M1 represents a mesogenic group, and T1 represents a terminal group.

[0040] Specifically, the main chain of the repeating unit represented by P1 can be, for example, a group represented by the following formulas (P1-A) to (P1-D), and among these, the group represented by the following formula (P1-A) is preferred from the viewpoint of the diversity of monomers used as raw materials and ease of handling.

[0041] [ka]

[0042] In equations (P1-A) to (P1-D), "*" represents the bond position with L1 in equation (1L). In equations (P1-A) to (P1-D), R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may be a linear or branched alkyl group, or an alkyl group having a cyclic structure (cycloalkyl group). Further, the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 5. The group represented by formula (P1-A) is preferably a unit of a partial structure of a poly(meth)acrylate obtained by polymerization of a (meth)acrylate. The group represented by formula (P1-B) is preferably an ethylene glycol unit formed by ring-opening polymerization of an epoxy group of a compound having an epoxy group. The group represented by formula (P1-C) is preferably a propylene glycol unit formed by ring-opening polymerization of an oxetane group of a compound having an oxetane group. The group represented by formula (P1-D) is preferably a siloxane unit of polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of a compound having at least one of an alkoxysilyl group and a silanol group. Here, examples of the compound having at least one of an alkoxysilyl group and a silanol group include a compound having a group represented by formula SiR 4 (OR 5 )2-. In the formula, R 4 is synonymous with R 4 in (P1-D), and a plurality of R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0043] L1 is a single bond or a divalent linking group. Examples of the divalent linking group represented by L1 include -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)NR 3 -, -NR 3 C(O)-, -SO2-, and -NR 3 R 4 -. In the formula, R 3 and R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent W (described later). When P1 is a group represented by formula (P1-A), L1 is preferably a group represented by -C(O)O- because it offers a superior degree of orientation. When P1 is a group represented by formulas (P1-B) to (P1-D), L1 is preferably a single bond because it provides a better degree of orientation.

[0044] The spacer group represented by SP1 preferably includes at least one structure selected from the group consisting of oxyethylene structure, oxypropylene structure, polysiloxane structure, and fluorinated alkylene structure, due to reasons such as its tendency to exhibit liquid crystalline properties and the availability of raw materials. Here, the oxyethylene structure represented by SP1 is *-(CH2-CH2O) n1 A base represented by -* is preferred. In the formula, n1 represents an integer from 1 to 20, and * represents the bonding position with L1 or M1 in the above formula (1L). n1 is preferably an integer from 2 to 10, more preferably an integer from 2 to 4, and most preferably 3, for the reason that it provides a better degree of orientation. Furthermore, the oxypropylene structure represented by SP1 is *-(CH(CH3)-CH2O) because it has a superior degree of orientation. n2 A base represented by -* is preferred. In the formula, n2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, and * represents the bonding position with L1 or M1. Furthermore, the polysiloxane structure represented by SP1 is *-(Si(CH3)2-O) because it has a better degree of orientation. n3 A base represented by -* is preferred. In the formula, n3 represents an integer between 6 and 10, and * represents the bonding position with L1 or M1. Furthermore, the alkylene fluoride structure represented by SP1 is *-(CF2-CF2) because it has a superior degree of orientation. n4 A base represented by -* is preferred. In the formula, n4 represents an integer from 6 to 10, and * represents the bonding position with L1 or M1.

[0045] The mesogenic group represented by M1 is the group that represents the main skeleton of liquid crystal molecules that contribute to liquid crystal formation. Liquid crystal molecules exhibit liquid crystalline properties, which is an intermediate state (mesophase) between the crystalline state and the isotropic liquid state. There are no particular restrictions on the mesogenic group; for example, refer to the description in "Flussige Kristalle in Tabellen II" (VEB Deutsche Verlag fur Grundstoff Industrie, Leipzig, 1984), especially pages 7 to 16, and the description in the Liquid Crystal Handbook (Maruzen, 2000), edited by the Liquid Crystal Handbook Editorial Committee, especially Chapter 3. As the mesogenic group, a group having at least one cyclic structure selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon groups, heterocyclic groups, and alicyclic groups is preferred. The mesogenic group is preferably composed of aromatic hydrocarbon groups, more preferably of 2 to 4 aromatic hydrocarbon groups, and even more preferably of 3 aromatic hydrocarbon groups, because it provides a superior degree of orientation.

[0046] As for the mesogenic group, a group represented by the following formula (M1-A) or (M1-B) is preferred, and the group represented by formula (M1-B) is more preferred, from the viewpoint of exhibiting liquid crystalline properties, adjusting the liquid crystal phase transition temperature, availability of raw materials, and suitability for synthesis, as well as because it offers a superior degree of orientation.

[0047] [ka]

[0048] In formula (M1-A), A1 is a divalent group selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon groups, heterocyclic groups, and alicyclic groups. These groups may be substituted with alkyl groups, alkyl fluoride groups, alkoxy groups, or substituent W (described later). The divalent group represented by A1 is preferably a 4- to 6-membered ring. Furthermore, the divalent group represented by A1 may be a monoring or a fused ring. * indicates the binding site with SP1 or T1.

[0049] Examples of the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by A1 include phenylene group, naphthylene group, fluorene-diyl group, anthracene-diyl group, and tetracene-diyl group. From the viewpoint of the diversity of mesogenic skeleton design and the availability of raw materials, a phenylene group or naphthylene group is preferred, and a phenylene group is more preferred.

[0050] The divalent heterocyclic group represented by A1 may be either aromatic or non-aromatic, but from the viewpoint of improving the degree of orientation, it is preferable that it be a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group. Atoms other than carbon that constitute a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group include nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen atoms. If an aromatic heterocyclic group has multiple atoms other than carbon that constitute the ring, these may be the same or different. Specific examples of divalent aromatic heterocyclic groups include pyridylene (pyridine-diyl group), pyridazine-diyl group, imidazole-diyl group, thienylene (thiophene-diyl group), quinolylene (quinoline-diyl group), isoquinolylene (isoquinoline-diyl group), oxazole-diyl group, thiazole-diyl group, oxadiazole-diyl group, benzothiazole-diyl group, benzothiadiazole-diyl group, phthalimide-diyl group, thienothiazole-diyl group, thiazolothiazole-diyl group, thienothiophene-diyl group, and thienoxazole-diyl group.

[0051] Specific examples of the divalent alicyclic group represented by A1 include the cyclopentylene group and the cyclohexylene group.

[0052] In equation (M1-A), a1 represents an integer between 1 and 10. If a1 is 2 or greater, multiple A1s may be the same or different.

[0053] In formula (M1-B), A2 and A3 are each independently divalent groups selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon groups, heterocyclic groups, and alicyclic groups. Specific examples and preferred embodiments of A2 and A3 are the same as those for A1 in formula (M1-A), so their explanation is omitted. In formula (M1-B), a2 represents an integer from 1 to 10. When a2 is 2 or greater, multiple A2s may be the same or different, multiple A3s may be the same or different, and multiple LA1s may be the same or different. a2 is preferably an integer of 2 or greater, and more preferably 2, because it results in a better degree of orientation. In formula (M1-B), when a2 is 1, LA1 is a divalent linking group. When a2 is 2 or more, each of the multiple LA1s is independently either a single bond or a divalent linking group, and at least one of the multiple LA1s is a divalent linking group. When a2 is 2, it is preferable that one of the two LA1s is a divalent linking group and the other is a single bond, for a better degree of orientation.

[0054] In formula (M1-B), the divalent linking group represented by LA1 is -O-, -(CH2) g -,-(CF2) g -, -Si(CH3)2-, -(Si(CH3)2O) g -,-(OSi(CH3)2) g -(g represents an integer from 1 to 10.), -N(Z)-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=N-, -N=C(Z)-, -C(Z)2 -C(Z')2-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)O-, -N(Z)C(O)-, -C(O)N(Z) -, -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)O-, -OC(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=N-, -N=C(Z)-, -C( Z)=C(Z')-C(O)N(Z")-, -N(Z")-C(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)-S Examples include -, -SC(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=NN=C(Z')- (where Z, Z', and Z'' independently represent hydrogen, a C1-C4 alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, or a halogen atom), -C≡C-, -N=N-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)(O)-, -(O)S(O)O-, -O(O)S(O)O-, -SC(O)-, and -C(O)S-. Among these, -C(O)O- is preferred because it offers superior orientation. LA1 may be a group formed by combining two or more of these groups.

[0055] An example of M1 is the following structure. In the example below, "Ac" represents an acetyl group.

[0056] [ka]

[0057] [ka]

[0058] Examples of terminal groups represented by T1 include hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, nitro groups, hydroxyl groups, C1-C10 alkyl groups, C1-C10 alkoxy groups, C1-C10 alkylthio groups, C1-C10 alkoxycarbonyloxy groups, C1-C10 alkoxycarbonyl groups (ROC(O)-: R is an alkyl group), C1-C10 acyloxy groups, C1-C10 acylamino groups, C1-C10 alkoxycarbonylamino groups, C1-C10 sulfonylamino groups, C1-C10 sulfamoyl groups, C1-C10 carbamoyl groups, C1-C10 sulfinyl groups, and C1-C10 ureido groups and (meth)acryloyloxy group-containing groups. Examples of the (meth)acryloyloxy group-containing groups mentioned above include the group represented by -LA (where L represents a single bond or a linking group; specific examples of linking groups are the same as those for L1 and SP1 above; and A represents a (meth)acryloyloxy group). For T1, a carbon-1 to carbon-10 alkoxy group is preferred, a carbon-1 to carbon-5 alkoxy group is more preferred, and a methoxy group is even more preferred, due to its superior degree of orientation. These terminal groups may be further substituted with these groups or the crosslinking groups described above. The number of atoms in the main chain of T1 is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 15, even more preferably 1 to 10, and particularly preferably 1 to 7, for better orientation. When the number of atoms in the main chain of T1 is 20 or less, the orientation of the light absorption anisotropy layer is further improved. Here, "main chain" in T1 refers to the longest molecular chain bonded to M1, and hydrogen atoms are not counted in the number of atoms in the main chain of T1. For example, when T1 is an n-butyl group, the number of atoms in the main chain is 4, and when T1 is a sec-butyl group, the number of atoms in the main chain is 3.

[0059] The content is preferably 20 to 100% by mass relative to 100% by mass of the total repeating units of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound, due to the superior degree of orientation. In this invention, the content of each repeating unit in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is calculated based on the amount (mass) of each monomer used to obtain each repeating unit. The repeating unit (1L) may be present as a single unit or as two or more units in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. In particular, it is preferable to have two types of repeating units (1L) in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound because it results in a superior degree of orientation.

[0060] When a polymeric liquid crystalline compound contains two types of repeating units (1L), it is preferable that the terminal group represented by T1 in one of the repeating units (repeating unit A) is an alkoxy group, and the terminal group represented by T1 in the other repeating unit (repeating unit B) is a group other than an alkoxy group, in order to obtain a superior degree of orientation. In the repeating unit B described above, the terminal group represented by T1 is preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group, a cyano group, or a (meth)acryloyloxy group-containing group, and more preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group or a cyano group, for the reason that it provides a better degree of orientation. The ratio (A / B) of the content of repeating unit A in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound to the content of repeating unit B in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is preferably 50 / 50 to 95 / 5, more preferably 60 / 40 to 93 / 7, and even more preferably 70 / 30 to 90 / 10, for the reason that it provides a better degree of orientation.

[0061] Furthermore, the polymeric liquid crystalline compound may have repeating units without mesogenic groups in addition to the repeating unit (1L). An example of a repeating unit without mesogenic groups is a repeating unit in which M1 in formula (1L) is a single bond. When the polymeric liquid crystalline compound has repeating units that do not have mesogenic groups, the degree of orientation is better, so it is preferable that the amount is greater than 0% by mass and less than or equal to 30% by mass, and more preferably greater than 10% by mass and less than or equal to 20% by mass, relative to 100% by mass of the total repeating units of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound.

[0062] (Weight average molecular weight) The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is preferably between 1,000 and 500,000, and more preferably between 2,000 and 300,000, due to the superior degree of orientation. If the Mw of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound falls within the above range, the polymeric liquid crystalline compound becomes easier to handle. In particular, from the viewpoint of suppressing cracks during coating, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is preferably 10,000 or more, and more preferably between 10,000 and 300,000. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of the temperature latitude of the degree of orientation, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is preferably less than 10,000, and preferably between 2,000 and less than 10,000. Here, the weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular weight in this invention are values ​​measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). • Solvent (eluent): N-methylpyrrolidone ·Device name: TOSOH HLC-8220GPC • Column: Three TOSOH TSKgelSuperAWM-H (6mm x 15cm) columns connected together are used. • Column temperature: 25℃ • Sample concentration: 0.1% by mass ·Flow rate: 0.35mL / min • Calibration curve: A calibration curve was used based on 7 samples of TOSOH TSK standard polystyrene with Mw=2,800,000 to 1,050 (Mw / Mn=1.03 to 1.06).

[0063] The substituent W in this specification will be described below. Examples of substituents W include alkyl groups (preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl groups), alkenyl groups (preferably alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, aryl, and 2-butyric groups), Examples include nyl groups and 3-pentenyl groups), alkynyl groups (preferably alkynyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as propargyl groups and 3-pentinyl groups), and aryl groups (preferably aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenyl groups, 2,6-diethylphenyl groups, 3,5-ditrifluoromethylphenyl groups, styryl groups, naphthyl groups, and biphenyl groups). (can be used), substituted or unsubstituted amino groups (preferably having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 0 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, unsubstituted amino groups, methylamino groups, dimethylamino groups, diethylamino groups, and anilino groups), alkoxy groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, for example, methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, and butoxy groups), oxycarbonyl groups (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 15 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 ~10, for example, methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, and phenoxycarbonyl group), acyloxy group (preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, acetoxy group, benzoyloxy group, acryloyl group, and methacryloyl group), acylamino group (preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, acetylamino group and benzoylamino group),Alkoxycarbonylamino groups (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methoxycarbonylamino groups), aryloxycarbonylamino groups (preferably having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, phenyloxycarbonylamino groups), sulfonylamino groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methanesulfonyl groups) Examples include the amino group and the benzenesulfonylamino group), sulfamoyl group (preferably having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 0 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, the sulfamoyl group, methylsulfamoyl group, dimethylsulfamoyl group, and phenylsulfamoyl group), carbamoyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, the unsubstituted carbamoyl group, methylcarbamoyl group, diethylcarbamoyl group, and phenylcar Examples include a bamole group, alkylthio group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a methylthio group and an ethylthio group), arylthio group (preferably having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as a phenylthio group), sulfonyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a mesyl group and a tosyl group). ), sulfinyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methanesulfinyl group and benzenesulfinyl group), ureido group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, unsubstituted ureido group, methylureido group and phenylureido group), phosphate amide group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example,Examples include diethyl phosphate amide groups and phenyl phosphate amide groups), hydroxyl groups, mercapto groups, halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms), cyano groups, nitro groups, hydroxamic acid groups, sulfino groups, hydrazino groups, imino groups, azo groups, heterocyclic groups (preferably heterocyclic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, for example heterocyclic groups having heteroatoms such as nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms, for example epoxy groups, etc.) Examples of carbon-13 groups include xetanyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, furyl, piperidyl, morpholino, maleimide, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, and benzthiazolyl groups), silyl groups (preferably 3-40 carbon atoms, more preferably 3-30 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 3-24 carbon atoms, such as trimethylsilyl and triphenylsilyl groups), carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, and phosphate groups.

[0064] [Pigment compounds] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer contains a dye compound. The dye compound is preferably a dichroic dye compound (dichroic dye). The dichroic dye is not particularly limited and includes visible light absorbing substances (organic dichroic dyes, dichroic azo compounds), luminescent substances (fluorescent substances, phosphorescent substances), ultraviolet absorbing substances, infrared absorbing substances, nonlinear optical substances, carbon nanotubes, inorganic substances (e.g., quantum rods), etc. Conventionally known dichroic dyes can be used. Dichroic dyes are pigment compounds whose absorbance differs depending on the direction of light exposure.

[0065] Dichroic dyes that are particularly preferred are dichroic azo dye compounds. The dichroic azo dye compound is not particularly limited, and conventionally known dichroic azo dyes can be used, but the compounds described below are preferred.

[0066] In this invention, a dichroic azo dye compound means an azo dye compound whose absorbance differs depending on the direction. The dichroic azo dye compound may or may not exhibit liquid crystalline properties. When a dichroic azo dye compound exhibits liquid crystalline properties, it may exhibit either nematic or smectic properties. The temperature range in which the liquid crystalline phase is exhibited is preferably room temperature (approximately 20-28°C) to 300°C, and more preferably 50-200°C from the viewpoint of handling and manufacturing suitability.

[0067] In the present invention, from the viewpoint of color adjustment, it is preferable that the light-absorbing anisotropic layer has at least one dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 700 nm (hereinafter also referred to as the "first dichroic azo dye compound") and at least one dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 nm or more and less than 560 nm (hereinafter also referred to as the "second dichroic azo dye compound"). More specifically, it is more preferable that it has at least a dichroic azo dye compound represented by formula (3) described later and a dichroic azo dye compound represented by formula (4) described later.

[0068] In the present invention, three or more dichroic azo dye compounds may be used in combination. For example, from the viewpoint of making the light-absorbing anisotropic layer closer to black, it is preferable to use a first dichroic azo dye compound, a second dichroic azo dye compound, and at least one dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 380 nm to less than 455 nm (hereinafter also referred to as the "third dichroic azo dye compound").

[0069] In the present invention, from the viewpoint of achieving better pressure resistance, it is preferable that the dichroic azo dye compound has a crosslinking group. Examples of crosslinkable groups include (meth)acryloyl groups, epoxy groups, oxetanyl groups, and styryl groups, with (meth)acryloyl groups being preferred.

[0070] (First dichroic azo dye compound) The first dichroic azo dye compound is preferably a compound having a chromophore as a core and side chains bound to the ends of the chromophore. Specific examples of chromophores include aromatic ring groups (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic heterocyclic groups) and azo groups. Structures having both aromatic ring groups and azo groups are preferred, and bis-azo structures having an aromatic heterocyclic group (preferably a thienothiazole group) and two azo groups are more preferred. The side chain is not particularly limited and may include groups represented by L3, R2, or L4 in formula (3) described below.

[0071] The first dichroic azo dye compound is a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 700 nm, and from the viewpoint of adjusting the color of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, it is preferably a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 650 nm, and more preferably a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 640 nm. In this specification, the maximum absorption wavelength (nm) of a dichroic azo dye compound is determined from the ultraviolet-visible light spectrum in the wavelength range of 380 to 800 nm, measured by a spectrophotometer using a solution of the dichroic azo dye compound dissolved in a good solvent.

[0072] In the present invention, the first dichroic azo dye compound is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (3) because it further improves the degree of orientation of the formed light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0073] Formula (3) [ka]

[0074] In formula (3), Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent an optionally substituted phenylene group or an optionally substituted naphthylene group, with the phenylene group being preferred.

[0075] In formula (3), R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group which may have substituents having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, an alkylcarbonate group, an alkylamino group, an acylamino group, an alkylcarbonylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, an alkylsulfonylamino group, an alkylsulfamoyl group, an alkylcarbamoyl group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylureido group, an alkylphosphate amide group, an alkylimino group, or an alkylsilyl group. The -CH2- groups constituting the above alkyl groups may be substituted with -O-, -CO-, -C(O)-O-, -OC(O)-, -Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2-, -N(R1')-, -N(R1')-CO-, -CO-N(R1')-, -N(R1')-C(O)-O-, -OC(O)-N(R1')-, -N(R1')-C(O)-N(R1')-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -N=N-, -C(R1')=CH-C(O)-, or -OC(O)-O-. If R1 is a group other than a hydrogen atom, the hydrogen atoms in each group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, -N(R1')2, an amino group, -C(R1')=C(R1')-NO2, -C(R1')=C(R1')-CN, or -C(R1')=C(CN)2. R1' represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. If multiple R1' elements exist in each group, they may be the same or different from one another.

[0076] In formula (3), R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group which may have substituents having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an alkylamide group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an aryl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, or an arylamide group. The -CH2- constituting the alkyl group above may be substituted with -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -C(O)-O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)-S, -SC(O)-, -Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2-, -NR2'-, -NR2'-CO-, -CO-NR2'-, -NR2'-C(O)-O-, -OC(O)-NR2'-, -NR2'-C(O)-NR2'-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -N=N-, -C(R2')=CH-C(O)-, or -OC(O)-O-. If R2 and R3 are groups other than hydrogen atoms, the hydrogen atoms in each group may be substituted with halogen atoms, nitro groups, cyano groups, -OH groups, -N(R2')2, amino groups, -C(R2')=C(R2')-NO2, -C(R2')=C(R2')-CN, or -C(R2')=C(CN)2. R2' represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. If multiple R2' elements exist in each group, they may be the same or different from one another. R2 and R3 may bond to each other to form a ring, or R2 or R3 may bond to Ar2 to form a ring.

[0077] From the viewpoint of lightfastness, R1 is preferably an electron-withdrawing group, and R2 and R3 are preferably groups with low electron-donating properties. Specific examples of such groups include alkylsulfonyl groups, alkylcarbonyl groups, alkyloxycarbonyl groups, acyloxy groups, alkylsulfonylamino groups, alkylsulfamoyl groups, alkylsulfinyl groups, and alkylureido groups for R1, and groups with the following structures for R2 and R3. Note that the groups with the following structures are shown in formula (3) above in a form that includes the nitrogen atom to which R2 and R3 are bonded.

[0078] [ka]

[0079] Specific examples of the first dichroic azo dye compound are shown below, but are not limited to these.

[0080] [ka] JPEG0007901586000009.jpg161127

[0081] (Second dichroic azo dye compound) The second dichroic azo dye compound is a different compound from the first dichroic azo dye compound, specifically in that its chemical structure is different. The second dichroic azo dye compound is preferably a compound having a chromophore, which is the core of the dichroic azo dye compound, and a side chain bound to the end of the chromophore. Specific examples of chromophores include aromatic ring groups (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic heterocyclic groups) and azo groups. Structures having both aromatic hydrocarbon groups and azo groups are preferred, and bisazo or trisazo structures having an aromatic hydrocarbon group and two or three azo groups are more preferred. The side chain is not particularly limited and may include groups represented by R4, R5, or R6 in formula (4) described below.

[0082] The second dichroic azo dye compound is a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 nm to less than 560 nm. From the viewpoint of adjusting the color of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, it is preferably a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 to 555 nm, and more preferably a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 to 550 nm. In particular, using a first dichroic azo dye compound with a maximum absorption wavelength of 560-700 nm and a second dichroic azo dye compound with a maximum absorption wavelength of 455 nm or more and less than 560 nm makes it easier to adjust the color of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0083] The second dichroic azo dye compound is preferably the compound represented by formula (4) because it provides a greater degree of light absorption anisotropy layer orientation.

[0084] Formula (4) [ka]

[0085] In equation (4), n represents either 1 or 2. In formula (4), Ar3, Ar4, and Ar5 each independently represent an optionally substituted phenylene group, an optionally substituted naphthylene group, or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group. The heterocyclic group may be either aromatic or non-aromatic. Atoms other than carbon that constitute an aromatic heterocyclic group include nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen atoms. If an aromatic heterocyclic group has multiple atoms other than carbon that constitute the ring, these may be the same or different. Specific examples of aromatic heterocyclic groups include pyridylene (pyridine-diyl group), pyridazine-diyl group, imidazole-diyl group, thienylene (thiophene-diyl group), quinolylene (quinoline-diyl group), isoquinolylene (isoquinoline-diyl group), oxazole-diyl group, thiazole-diyl group, oxadiazole-diyl group, benzothiazole-diyl group, benzothiadiazole-diyl group, phthalimide-diyl group, thienothiazole-diyl group, thiazolothiazole-diyl group, thienothiophene-diyl group, and thienoxazole-diyl group.

[0086] In equation (4), the definition of R4 is the same as that of R1 in equation (3). In equation (4), the definitions of R5 and R6 are the same as those of R2 and R3 in equation (3), respectively.

[0087] From the viewpoint of lightfastness, R4 is preferably an electron-withdrawing group, and R5 and R6 are preferably groups with low electron-donating properties. Among these groups, a specific example when R4 is an electron-withdrawing group is the same as a specific example when R1 is an electron-withdrawing group, and a specific example when R5 and R6 are groups with low electron-donating properties is the same as a specific example when R2 and R3 are groups with low electron-donating properties.

[0088] Specific examples of the second type of dichroic azo dye compound are shown below, but are not limited to these.

[0089] [ka] JPEG0007901586000012.jpg155111JPEG0007901586000013.jpg159105JPEG0007901586000014.jpg167111

[0090] (Difference in logP values) The logP value is an index that expresses the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of a chemical structure. The absolute difference between the logP value of the side chain of the first dichroic azo dye compound and the logP value of the side chain of the second dichroic azo dye compound (hereinafter also referred to as the "logP difference") is preferably 2.30 or less, more preferably 2.0 or less, even more preferably 1.5 or less, and particularly preferably 1.0 or less. If the logP difference is 2.30 or less, the affinity between the first dichroic azo dye compound and the second dichroic azo dye compound increases, making it easier to form a sequence structure, and thus the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is further improved. Furthermore, if the first dichroic azo dye compound or the second dichroic azo dye compound has multiple side chains, it is preferable that at least one logP difference satisfies the above value. Here, the side chains of the first dichroic azo dye compound and the second dichroic azo dye compound refer to the groups that bind to the ends of the chromophore described above. For example, if the first dichroic azo dye compound is the compound represented by formula (3), then R1, R2, and R3 in formula (3) are the side chains, and if the second dichroic azo dye compound is the compound represented by formula (4), then R4, R5, and R6 in formula (4) are the side chains. In particular, if the first dichroic azo dye compound is the compound represented by formula (3) and the second dichroic azo dye compound is the compound represented by formula (4), it is preferable that at least one of the logP differences among the difference in logP values ​​between R1 and R4, the difference in logP values ​​between R1 and R5, the difference in logP values ​​between R2 and R4, and the difference in logP values ​​between R2 and R5 satisfies the above value.

[0091] Here, the logP value is an index that expresses the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of a chemical structure, and is sometimes called the hydrophilic / hydrophobic parameter. The logP value can be calculated using software such as ChemBioDraw Ultra or HSPiP (Ver. 4.1.07). It can also be determined experimentally by methods such as those described in OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Sections 1, Test No. 117. In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the value calculated by inputting the structural formula of the compound into HSPiP (Ver. 4.1.07) will be adopted as the logP value.

[0092] (Third dichroic azo dye compound) The third dichroic azo dye compound is a dichroic azo dye compound other than the first and second dichroic azo dye compounds, and specifically, it has a different chemical structure from the first and second dichroic azo dye compounds. If the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition contains the third dichroic azo dye compound, it has the advantage of making it easier to adjust the color of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The maximum absorption wavelength of the third dichroic azo dye compound is 380 nm or more and less than 455 nm, with 385 to 454 nm being preferred.

[0093] The third dichroic azo dye compound preferably contains a dichroic azo dye represented by the following formula (6).

[0094] [ka]

[0095] In formula (6), A and B each independently represent a crosslinking group. In formula (6), a and b each independently represent 0 or 1. In terms of superior orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, it is preferable that both a and b are 0. In formula (6), when a=0, L1 represents a monovalent substituent, and when a=1, L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. Also, when b=0, L2 represents a monovalent substituent, and when b=1, L2 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. In formula (6), Ar1 represents an (n1+2) valent aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group, Ar2 represents an (n2+2) valent aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group, and Ar3 represents an (n3+2) valent aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group. In formula (6), R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a monovalent substituent. If n1≧2, the multiple R1s may be the same or different from each other; if n2≧2, the multiple R2s may be the same or different from each other; and if n3≧2, the multiple R3s may be the same or different from each other. In equation (6), k represents an integer from 1 to 4. When k ≥ 2, multiple Ar2s may be identical or different from each other, and multiple R2s may be identical or different from each other. In equation (6), n1, n2, and n3 each independently represent integers from 0 to 4. However, when k=1, n1+n2+n3≧0, and when k≧2, n1+n2+n3≧1.

[0096] In formula (6), the crosslinkable groups represented by A and B include, for example, the polymerizable groups described in paragraphs

[0040] to

[0050] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-244038. Among these, acryloyl groups, methacryloyl groups, epoxy groups, oxetanyl groups, and styryl groups are preferred from the viewpoint of improving reactivity and synthetic suitability, and acryloyl groups and methacryloyl groups are more preferred from the viewpoint of further improving solubility.

[0097] In equation (6), when a=0, L1 represents a monovalent substituent, and when a=1, L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. Also, when b=0, L2 represents a monovalent substituent, and when b=1, L2 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.

[0098] The monovalent substituents represented by L1 and L2 are preferably groups introduced to enhance the solubility of the dichroic dye, or electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups introduced to adjust the color tone of the dye. For example, as a substituent, Alkyl groups (preferably C1-C20, more preferably C1-C12, particularly preferably C1-C8 alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl groups), Alkenyl group (preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as vinyl group, allyl group, 2-butenyl group, and 3-pentenyl group), Alkynyl group (preferably an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, for example, propargyl group and 3-pentinyl group), Aryl group (preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 3,5-ditrifluoromethylphenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a biphenyl group), Substituted or unsubstituted amino groups (preferably amino groups having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 0 to 6 carbon atoms, such as unsubstituted amino groups, methylamino groups, dimethylamino groups, diethylamino groups, and anilino groups), Alkoxy groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, such as methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, and butoxy groups), Oxycarbonyl group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 15 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms; examples include methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, and phenoxycarbonyl group), Acyloxy group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, acetoxy group and benzoyloxy group), Acylamino group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, acetylamino group and benzoylamino group), Alkoxycarbonylamino group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, a methoxycarbonylamino group), Aryloxycarbonylamino group (preferably having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, a phenyloxycarbonylamino group), Sulfonylamino group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methanesulfonylamino group and benzenesulfonylamino group), Sulfamoyl group (preferably having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 0 to 6 carbon atoms; examples include sulfamoyl group, methylsulfamoyl group, dimethylsulfamoyl group, and phenylsulfamoyl group), Carbamoyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, an unsubstituted carbamoyl group, a methyl carbamoyl group, a diethyl carbamoyl group, and a phenyl carbamoyl group), Alkylthio group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methylthio group and ethylthio group), Arylthio group (preferably having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, a phenylthio group), Sulfonyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, a mesyl group and a tosyl group), Sulfinyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methanesulfinyl group and benzenesulfinyl group), Ureido group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; examples include unsubstituted ureido group, methylureido group, and phenylureido group), A phosphate amide group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; for example, diethyl phosphate amide group and phenyl phosphate amide group), Heterocyclic group (preferably a heterocyclic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, for example a heterocyclic group having heteroatoms such as a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom, for example imidazolyl group, pyridyl group, quinolyl group, furyl group, piperidyl group, morpholino group, benzoxazolyl group, benzimidazolyl group, and benzthiazolyl group), Silyl group (preferably a silyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, trimethylsilyl group and triphenylsilyl group), Halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms), Hydroxy groups, mercapto groups, cyano groups, nitro groups, hydroxamic acid groups, sulfino groups, hydrazino groups, imino groups, and azo groups can be used. These substituents may be further substituted by other substituents. If there are two or more substituents, they may be the same or different. They may also be bonded to each other to form a ring where possible. Examples of groups in which the above substituent is further substituted by the above substituent include, for example, a group in which an alkoxy group is substituted with an alkyl group, R B -(OR A ) na -A base can be listed. Here, in the formula, R A R represents an alkylene group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms. B represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and na represents an integer from 1 to 10 (preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3). Among these, the monovalent substituents represented by L1 and L2 include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkoxy groups, and groups in which these groups are further substituted by these groups (for example, the R mentioned above). B -(OR A ) na -Groups are preferred, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, and groups in which these groups are further substituted by these groups (for example, the R groups mentioned above) B -(OR A ) na -Base) is more preferable.

[0099] Examples of divalent linking groups represented by L1 and L2 include -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, and -CO-NR. N -, -O-CO-NR N -, -NR N -CO-NR N Examples include -, -SO2-, -SO-, alkylene groups, cycloalkylene groups, and alkenylene groups, as well as groups formed by combining two or more of these groups. Among these, a group formed by combining an alkylene group with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, and -O-CO-O- is preferred. Here, R N R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. N If there are multiple R N They may be the same or different from each other.

[0100] From the viewpoint of further improving the solubility of the dichroic dye, the number of atoms in at least one of the main chains of L1 and L2 is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more, even more preferably 7 or more, and particularly preferably 10 or more. Furthermore, the upper limit of the number of atoms in the main chain is preferably 20 or less, and more preferably 12 or less. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, it is preferable that the number of atoms in at least one of the main chains of L1 and L2 be 1 to 5. Here, if A exists in equation (6), the "main chain" in L1 refers to the part necessary to directly connect the "O" atom that connects to L1 and "A", and the "number of atoms in the main chain" refers to the number of atoms that make up the above part. Similarly, if B exists in equation (6), the "main chain" in L2 refers to the part necessary to directly connect the "O" atom that connects to L2 and "B", and the "number of atoms in the main chain" refers to the number of atoms that make up the above part. Note that the "number of atoms in the main chain" does not include the number of atoms in the branched chain, which will be discussed later. Furthermore, if A does not exist, the "number of atoms in the main chain" in L1 refers to the number of atoms in L1 that do not include branched chains. If B does not exist, the "number of atoms in the main chain" in L2 refers to the number of atoms in L2 that do not include branched chains. Specifically, in equation (D1) below, the number of atoms in the L1 main chain is 5 (the number of atoms in the dotted box on the left side of equation (D1) below), and the number of atoms in the L2 main chain is 5 (the number of atoms in the dotted box on the right side of equation (D1) below). Also, in equation (D10) below, the number of atoms in the L1 main chain is 7 (the number of atoms in the dotted box on the left side of equation (D10) below), and the number of atoms in the L2 main chain is 5 (the number of atoms in the dotted box on the right side of equation (D10) below).

[0101] [ka]

[0102] L1 and L2 may have branched chains. Here, if A is present in equation (6), the "branched chain" in L1 refers to the part of L1 other than the part necessary to directly connect the "O" atom that connects to L1 in equation (6) and "A". Similarly, if B is present in equation (6), the "branched chain" in L2 refers to the part of L2 other than the part necessary to directly connect the "O" atom that connects to L2 in equation (6) and "B". Furthermore, if A does not exist in equation (6), the "branched chain" in L1 refers to the portion other than the longest atomic chain (i.e., the main chain) that extends from the "O" atom connected to L1 in equation (6). Similarly, if B does not exist in equation (6), the "branched chain" in L2 refers to the portion other than the longest atomic chain (i.e., the main chain) that extends from the "O" atom connected to L2 in equation (6). The number of atoms in the branched chain is preferably three or less. Having three or fewer atoms in the branched chain offers advantages such as improved orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Note that the number of hydrogen atoms is not included in the number of atoms in the branched chain.

[0103] In equation (6), Ar1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group with (n1+2) valency (for example, trivalent when n1 is 1), Ar2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group with (n2+2) valency (for example, trivalent when n2 is 1), and Ar3 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group with (n3+2) valency (for example, trivalent when n3 is 1). Here, Ar1 to Ar3 can be rephrased as a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a divalent heterocyclic group substituted with n1 to n3 substituents (R1 to R3 described later). The divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by Ar1 to Ar3 may be a monocyclic or have a fused ring structure of two or more rings. From the viewpoint of improving solubility, the number of rings in the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 2, and even more preferably 1 (i.e., a phenylene group). Specific examples of divalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups include phenylene groups, azulene-diyl groups, naphthylene groups, fluorene-diyl groups, anthracene-diyl groups, and tetracene-diyl groups. From the viewpoint of improving solubility, phenylene groups and naphthylene groups are preferred, with phenylene groups being more preferred. The following are specific examples of the third dichroic dye compound, but the present invention is not limited to these. In the following examples, n represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0104] [ka]

[0105] [ka]

[0106] In terms of superior orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, a structure in which the third dye does not have radical polymerizable groups is preferred. For example, the following structure can be cited. [ka] JPEG0007901586000020.jpg12120

[0107] The third dichroic azo dye compound is more preferably a dichroic dye having a structure represented by the following formula (1-1), as it exhibits particularly excellent orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0108] [ka]

[0109] In equation (1-1), the definitions of R1, R3, R4, R5, n1, n3, L1, and L2 are equivalent to the definitions of R1, R3, R4, R5, n1, n3, L1, and L2 in equation (3), respectively. In formula (1-1), R 21 and R 22 Each of these definitions is independent and equivalent to R2 in equation (3). In equation (1-1), the definitions of n21 and n22 are independently synonymous with n2 in equation (3). n1+n21+n22+n3≧1, where n1+n21+n22+n3 is preferably 1 to 9, and more preferably 1 to 5.

[0110] The following are specific examples of the third dichroic azo dye compound, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[0111] [ka]

[0112] [ka]

[0113] [ka]

[0114] (Content of dichroic pigments) When the dye compound used in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is a dichroic dye, the content of the dichroic dye is preferably 10 to 30% by mass, more preferably 15 to 30% by mass, and even more preferably 18 to 28% by mass, relative to the total solid content mass of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. If the content of the dichroic dye is within the above range, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with a high degree of orientation can be obtained even when the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is made into a thin film. Therefore, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with excellent flexibility can be easily obtained. The content of the first dichroic azo dye compound is preferably 40 to 90 parts by mass, and more preferably 45 to 75 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total content of dichroic dyes in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition. The content of the second dichroic azo dye compound is preferably 6 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 8 to 35 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total dichroic dye content in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition. The content of the third dichroic azo dye compound is preferably 3 to 35 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass, based on the total content of the dichroic azo dye compound in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition. The content ratio of the first dichroic azo dye compound, the second dichroic azo dye compound, and the third dichroic azo dye compound, which may be used as needed, can be arbitrarily set to adjust the color of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. However, the content ratio of the second dichroic azo dye compound to the first dichroic azo dye compound (second dichroic azo dye compound / first dichroic azo dye compound) is preferably 0.1 to 10, more preferably 0.2 to 5, and particularly preferably 0.3 to 0.8 in molar terms. If the content ratio of the second dichroic azo dye compound to the first dichroic azo dye compound is within the above range, the degree of orientation can be increased. The total solids content mentioned above refers to the components that can form an anisotropic organic film, excluding the solvent. Even if the components are in a liquid state, they are included in the calculation of solids content.

[0115] [Composition for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the present invention can be prepared, for example, using a light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition containing the above-mentioned dye compound. The composition for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer may contain components other than the dye compound, such as liquid crystalline compounds, solvents, vertical alignment agents, interface modifiers, polymerizable components, and polymerization initiators (e.g., radical polymerization initiators). In this case, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the present invention contains solid components other than liquid components (solvents, etc.) or components derived from solid components. The following describes compositions for forming light-absorbing anisotropic layers. The liquid crystalline compound and the dye compound (preferably a dichroic dye) are as described above.

[0116] (solvent) The light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition of the present invention preferably contains a solvent from the viewpoint of workability and other factors. Examples of solvents include ketones (e.g., acetone, 2-butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, etc.), ethers (e.g., dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyl methyl ether, tetrahydropyran, and dioxolane, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., hexane, etc.), alicyclic hydrocarbons (e.g., cyclohexane, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, toluene, xylene, and trimethylbenzene, etc.), halogenated carbons (e.g., dichloromethane, trichloromethane, dichloroethane, dichlorobenzene, and chlorotoluene, etc.), and esters (e.g., methyl acetate, etc.). Examples of solvents include organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and ethyl lactate, alcohols (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, isopentyl alcohol, neopentyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, and benzyl alcohol), cellosolves (e.g., methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane), cellosolve acetates, sulfoxides (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide), amides (e.g., dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone), and heterocyclic compounds (e.g., pyridine), as well as water. These solvents may be used individually or in combination of two or more. Of these solvents, ketones (especially cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone), ethers (especially tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyl methyl ether, tetrahydropyran, and dioxolane), and amides (especially dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and N-ethylpyrrolidone) are preferred. If the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition contains a solvent, the solvent content is preferably 80 to 99% by mass, more preferably 83 to 98% by mass, and even more preferably 85 to 96% by mass, based on the total mass of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition. If two or more solvents are present, the solvent content mentioned above refers to the total content of all solvents.

[0117] (polymerizable components) The light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition may contain polymerizable components. Examples of polymerizable components include compounds containing acrylate (e.g., acrylate monomers). In this case, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the present invention contains polyacrylate obtained by polymerizing the above-mentioned acrylate-containing compound. Examples of polymerizable components include the compounds described in paragraph 0058 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-122776. When the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition contains polymerizable components, the amount of polymerizable components is preferably 3 to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of the dichroic dye compound and the liquid crystalline compound in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition.

[0118] (Vertical alignment agent) The composition for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer preferably contains a vertical alignment agent. Examples of vertical alignment agents include boronic acid compounds and onium salts.

[0119] As the boronic acid compound, the compound represented by formula (30) is preferred.

[0120] Formula (30) [ka]

[0121] In formula (30), R 1 and R 2 Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. R 3 This represents a substituent containing a (meth)acrylic group. Specific examples of boronic acid compounds include the boronic acid compounds represented by general formula (I) described in paragraphs 0023 to 0032 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-225281. The following compounds are also preferred as boronic acid compounds.

[0122] [ka]

[0123] As the onium salt, the compound represented by formula (31) is preferred.

[0124] Formula (31) [ka]

[0125] In formula (31), ring A represents a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of a nitrogen-containing heterocycle. X represents an anion. 1 This represents a divalent linking group. 2 This represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. 1 represents a divalent linking group having a 5 or 6-membered ring as a substructure. Z represents a divalent linking group having 2 to 20 alkylene groups as a substructure. P 1 and P 2 Each of these independently represents a monovalent substituent having a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated bond. Specific examples of onium salts include the onium salts described in paragraphs 0052 to 0058 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-208397, the onium salts described in paragraphs 0024 to 0055 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-026730, and the onium salts described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-037777.

[0126] The content of the vertical alignment agent in the composition is preferably 0.1 to 400% by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 350% by mass, based on the total mass of the liquid crystalline compound. Vertical alignment agents may be used individually or in combination of two or more types. When two or more vertical alignment agents are used, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0127] (Leveling agent suitable for vertical orientation) In the case of vertical orientation, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition preferably contains the following leveling agent. When the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition contains a leveling agent, surface roughness caused by drying air on the surface of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is suppressed, and the dichroic pigments are oriented more uniformly. The leveling agent is not particularly limited, but a leveling agent containing fluorine atoms (fluorine-based leveling agent) or a leveling agent containing silicon atoms (silicone-based leveling agent) is preferred, and a fluorine-based leveling agent is more preferred.

[0128] Examples of fluorine-based leveling agents include fatty acid esters of polycarboxylic acids in which a portion of the fatty acid is substituted with a fluoroalkyl group, and polyacrylates having fluoro substituents. In particular, when rod-shaped compounds are used as dichroic dyes and liquid crystalline compounds, leveling agents containing repeating units derived from the compound represented by formula (40) are preferred because they promote the vertical orientation of the dichroic dyes and liquid crystalline compounds.

[0129] Formula (40) [ka]

[0130] R 0This represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a methyl group. L represents a divalent linking group. L is preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and any non-adjacent -CH2- in the alkylene group may be substituted with -O-, -COO-, -CO-, or -CONH-. n represents an integer between 1 and 18.

[0131] A leveling agent having repeating units derived from a compound represented by formula (40) may further contain other repeating units. Other repeating units include those derived from compounds represented by formula (41).

[0132] Formula (41) [ka]

[0133] R 11 This represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a methyl group. X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or -N(R 13 ) represents R 13 This represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. R 12 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aromatic group. The alkyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Furthermore, examples of substituents that the alkyl group may have include a poly(alkylene oxy) group and a polymerizable group. The definition of a polymerizable group is as described above.

[0134] When the leveling agent contains repeating units derived from the compound represented by formula (40) and repeating units derived from the compound represented by formula (41), the content of the repeating units derived from the compound represented by formula (40) is preferably 10 to 90 mol%, and more preferably 15 to 95 mol%, relative to the total repeating units contained in the leveling agent. When the leveling agent contains repeating units derived from the compound represented by formula (40) and repeating units derived from the compound represented by formula (41), the content of the repeating units derived from the compound represented by formula (41) is preferably 10 to 90 mol%, and more preferably 5 to 85 mol%, relative to the total repeating units contained in the leveling agent.

[0135] Furthermore, as a leveling agent, a leveling agent containing repeating units derived from the compound represented by formula (42) can also be mentioned, instead of the repeating units derived from the compound represented by formula (40) described above.

[0136] Formula (42) [ka]

[0137] R 2 This represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a methyl group. L 2 This represents a divalent linking group. n represents an integer between 1 and 18.

[0138] Specific examples of leveling agents include the compounds exemplified in paragraphs 0046 to 0052 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-331812, and the compounds described in paragraphs 0038 to 0052 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-257205.

[0139] The leveling agent content in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition is preferably 0.001 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, relative to the total mass of the liquid crystalline compound. Leveling agents may be used individually or in combination of two or more types. When two or more leveling agents are used, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0140] (Polymerization initiator) The composition for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer preferably contains a polymerization initiator. There are no particular restrictions on the polymerization initiator, but it is preferable that it be a photosensitive compound, i.e., a photopolymerization initiator. Various compounds can be used as photopolymerization initiators without particular limitations. Examples of photopolymerization initiators include α-carbonyl compounds (US Patent Nos. 2,367,661 and 2,367,670), acyloin ethers (US Patent No. 2,448,828), α-hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic acyloin compounds (US Patent No. 2,722,512), polynuclear quinone compounds (US Patent Nos. 3,046,127 and 2,951,758), and combinations of triarylimidazole dimers and p-aminophenyl ketones (US Patent No. 3,549,367). Examples include acridine and phenazine compounds (Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-105667 and U.S. Patent No. 4,239850), oxadiazole compounds (U.S. Patent No. 4,212970), o-acyloxime compounds (paragraph

[0065] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-027384), and acylphosphine oxide compounds (Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-040799, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-029234, Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-095788 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-029997). Commercially available photopolymerization initiators can also be used, including BASF's Irgacure-184, Irgacure-907, Irgacure-369, Irgacure-651, Irgacure-819, Irgacure-OXE-01, and Irgacure-OXE-02.

[0141] When the composition for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer contains a polymerization initiator, the amount of polymerization initiator is preferably 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the above-mentioned dye compound (preferably a dichroic dye) and the above-mentioned liquid crystalline compound (e.g., a polymeric liquid crystalline compound) in the composition for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer. A polymerization initiator content of 0.01 parts by mass or more results in good durability of the light-absorbing anisotropic film, while a content of 30 parts by mass or less results in better orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Polymerization initiators may be used individually or in combination of two or more. When two or more polymerization initiators are included, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0142] [Method for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer] The method for forming the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, and examples include a method comprising, in this order, a step of applying the above-mentioned light-absorbing anisotropic layer forming composition to form a coated film (hereinafter also referred to as the "coated film forming step"), and a step of aligning the liquid crystalline components and dichroic dyes contained in the coated film (hereinafter also referred to as the "alignment step"). Furthermore, the term "liquid crystallinity component" includes not only the liquid crystallinity compounds mentioned above, but also, if the dichroic dyes mentioned above are liquid crystallinity, the dichroic dyes themselves are liquid crystallinity components.

[0143] (Coating film formation process) The coating film formation process involves applying a light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition to form a coating film. By using a light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition containing the aforementioned solvent, or by using a light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition that has been made into a liquid such as a molten liquid by heating or other means, it becomes easier to apply the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition. Specific examples of known methods for applying the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition include, for example, roll coating, gravure printing, spin coating, wire bar coating, extrusion coating, direct gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, die coating, spray coating, and inkjet coating.

[0144] (Orientation process) The orientation process is a step in which the liquid crystalline components contained in the coated film are oriented. This results in a light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The orientation step may include a drying process. The drying process can remove components such as solvents from the coating film. The drying process may be carried out by leaving the coating film at room temperature for a predetermined time (e.g., natural drying), or by heating and / or blowing air. Here, the liquid crystalline components contained in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition may become oriented by the coating film formation process or drying treatment described above. For example, in an embodiment in which the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition is prepared as a coating solution containing a solvent, a coating film with light-absorbing anisotropy (i.e., a light-absorbing anisotropic film) is obtained by drying the coating film to remove the solvent from the coating film. If the drying process is carried out at a temperature above the transition temperature of the liquid crystalline components in the coating film to the liquid crystal phase, the heat treatment described later may not be necessary.

[0145] The transition temperature of the liquid crystalline component in the coated film to the liquid crystal phase is preferably 10 to 250°C, and more preferably 25 to 190°C, from the viewpoint of manufacturing suitability. A transition temperature of 10°C or higher is preferable because it eliminates the need for cooling treatment to lower the temperature to the temperature range in which the liquid crystal phase is observed. Furthermore, a transition temperature of 250°C or lower is preferable because it eliminates the need for high temperatures even when transitioning to an isotropic liquid state at a temperature higher than the temperature range in which the liquid crystal phase is observed, thereby reducing the waste of thermal energy and the deformation and deterioration of the substrate.

[0146] The orientation step preferably includes a heat treatment. This allows the liquid crystalline components contained in the coated film to be oriented, making the coated film after the heat treatment suitable for use as a light-absorbing anisotropic film. For heat treatment, a temperature of 10 to 250°C is preferred, and 25 to 190°C is more preferred, from the standpoint of suitability for manufacturing. The heating time is preferably 1 to 300 seconds, and 1 to 60 seconds is more preferred.

[0147] The orientation step may include a cooling process performed after the heat treatment. The cooling process involves cooling the heated coating film to room temperature (approximately 20-25°C). This fixes the orientation of the liquid crystalline components contained in the coating film. The cooling method is not particularly limited and can be carried out by known methods. By following the above steps, a light-absorbing anisotropic film can be obtained. In this embodiment, drying treatment and heat treatment are mentioned as methods for aligning the liquid crystalline components contained in the coating film, but the method is not limited to these, and can be carried out by known orientation treatments.

[0148] (Other processes) The method for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer may include a step of curing the light-absorbing anisotropic layer after the orientation step (hereinafter also referred to as the "curing step"). The curing process is carried out by heating and / or light irradiation (exposure), for example, if the light-absorbing anisotropic layer has crosslinkable groups (polymerizable groups). Among these, it is preferable that the curing process be carried out by light irradiation. Various light sources can be used for curing, such as infrared light, visible light, or ultraviolet light, but ultraviolet light is preferred. Furthermore, ultraviolet light may be irradiated while heating during curing, or ultraviolet light may be irradiated through a filter that transmits only specific wavelengths. When exposure is performed while heating, the heating temperature during exposure is preferably 25 to 140°C, although this also depends on the transition temperature of the liquid crystalline components in the liquid crystal film to the liquid crystal phase. Furthermore, exposure may be performed under a nitrogen atmosphere. When the curing of the liquid crystal film progresses by radical polymerization, exposure under a nitrogen atmosphere is preferable because it reduces the inhibition of polymerization by oxygen.

[0149] The thickness of the formed light-absorbing anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of flexibility when the laminate of the present invention, described later, is used as a polarizing element, 100 to 8000 nm is preferred, and 300 to 5000 nm is more preferred.

[0150] [Polarizer] The polarizing plate of the present invention includes a polarizer. The polarizer is not particularly limited, and conventionally known polarizers can be used. The polarizer may be, for example, a polarizer whose dichroic dye is dyed onto polyvinyl alcohol or other polymer resin and stretched to orient it horizontally, or a polarizer whose dichroic dye is oriented horizontally by utilizing the orientation of a liquid crystalline compound, as in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer of the present invention. However, a polarizer in which the dichroic dye is oriented by utilizing the orientation of liquid crystals without stretching is particularly preferred. Polarizers that use the orientation properties of liquid crystals to orient dichroic dyes have many advantages, including being able to be made into very thin layers with a thickness of about 0.1 to 5 μm, being resistant to cracking when bent and exhibiting little thermal deformation as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-194685, and having excellent durability even in polarizers with high transmittance exceeding 50%, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6483486. Taking advantage of these benefits, the polarizing plate of the present invention, which uses a polarizer in which dichroic dyes are oriented by utilizing the orientation properties of liquid crystals, can be used in applications requiring high brightness, small size and light weight, fine optical systems, molding applications for curved surfaces, and flexible applications.

[0151] [Transparent base film] The polarizing plate of the present invention may have a transparent substrate film. The transparent substrate film is preferably positioned on the side of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer opposite to the side on which the polarizer is provided. As the transparent substrate film, known transparent resin films, transparent resin plates, transparent resin sheets, etc., can be used, and there are no particular limitations. As transparent resin films, cellulose acylate films (e.g., cellulose triacetate film (refractive index 1.48), cellulose diacetate film, cellulose acetate butyrate film, cellulose acetate propionate film), cyclic olefin resin films, polyethylene terephthalate films, polyethersulfone films, polyacrylic resin films, polyurethane resin films, polyester films, polycarbonate films, polysulfone films, polyether films, polymethylpentene films, polyetherketone films, and (meth)acrylonitrile films can be used.

[0152] Among these, cellulose acylate film is preferred because it has high transparency, low optical birefringence, is easy to manufacture, and is commonly used as a protective film for polarizing plates, and cellulose triacetate film is particularly preferred. The thickness of the transparent substrate film is typically 20 to 100 μm.

[0153] [Orientation film] The polarizing plate of the present invention may have an orientation film between the transparent substrate film and the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The orientation layer can be any layer as long as it can position the dye compound (preferably a dichroic dye) in the desired orientation state on the orientation layer. As the orientation film, for example, a film formed from a polyfunctional acrylate compound or polyvinyl alcohol may be used.

[0154] [Barrier layer] The polarizing plate of the present invention preferably has a barrier layer along with a light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Here, the barrier layer is also called a gas barrier layer (oxygen barrier layer) and has the function of protecting the polarizing plate component of the present invention from gases such as oxygen in the atmosphere, moisture, or compounds contained in adjacent layers. Regarding the barrier layer, for example, reference can be made to the descriptions in paragraphs

[0014] to

[0054] of JP-A-2014-159124, paragraphs

[0042] to

[0075] of JP-A-2017-121721, paragraphs

[0045] to

[0054] of JP-A-2017-115076, paragraphs

[0010] to

[0061] of JP-A-2012-213938, and paragraphs

[0021] to

[0031] of JP-A-2005-169994.

[0155] [Refractive index adjustment layer] The polarizing plate of the present invention may have a refractive index adjustment layer. In the polarizing plate of the present invention, internal reflection caused by the high refractive index of the light absorption anisotropic layer may be a problem. In that case, it is preferable that a refractive index adjustment layer is present. The refractive index adjustment layer is a layer arranged to be in contact with the light absorption anisotropic layer, and preferably has an in-plane average refractive index of 1.55 to 1.70 at a wavelength of 550 nm. That is, it is preferably a refractive index adjustment layer for so-called index matching.

[0156] [Tone adjustment layer] The polarizing plate of the present invention may include a tone adjustment layer having at least one tone adjustment dye compound. The tone adjustment dye compound contained in the tone adjustment layer is preferably in an unoriented state. When the amount of the dye in the light absorption anisotropic layer is adjusted, the change in tone viewed from an oblique direction with respect to the center axis of the transmittance may become large. However, by adjusting the tone using the tone adjustment layer, it is possible to suppress the change in tone from an oblique direction with respect to the change in tone of the center axis of the transmittance. This tone adjustment layer may have only the function of the tone adjustment layer alone, or may be one in which the functions are integrated with other layers.

[0157] The absorption peak wavelength of the tone adjustment dye compound contained in the tone adjustment layer used in the present invention is preferably 500 to 650 nm, more preferably 550 to 6 nm. By setting the absorption of the dye compound within this range, it is possible to adjust the tone of the polarizing plate and the organic EL display device in the present invention to be more neutral.

[0158] Examples of color-adjusting dye compounds included in the color adjustment layer include azo, methine, anthraquinone, triarylmethane, oxazine, azomethine, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, perylene, pyrrolopyrrole, and squarylium. However, azo, phthalocyanine, and anthraquinone are preferred from the viewpoint of excellent absorption waveform, heat resistance, and light resistance, and anthraquinone is particularly preferred. Examples include the dye compounds described in Shin Okawara, Ken Matsuoka, Tsuneaki Hirashima, and Teijiro Kitao, Functional Dyes, Kodansha, 1992, and Sumio Tokita (supervisor), Electronics-Related Materials, CMC Co., Ltd., 1998.

[0159] The following are specific examples of color-adjusting pigment compounds used in the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[0160] Anthraquinone [ka]

[0161] Azo [ka]

[0162] Triarylmethane [ka]

[0163] Oxazine [ka]

[0164] Phthalocyanine [ka]

[0165] [Method for manufacturing polarizing plates] As an example of the method for manufacturing a polarizing plate of the present invention, there is a method including, in this order, a step of forming an alignment film by applying a composition for forming an alignment film onto the transparent base film, a step of applying the composition for forming a light absorption anisotropic layer onto the alignment film and aligning a dye compound (preferably a dichroic dye) contained in the coating film to obtain the light absorption anisotropic layer, a step of applying a composition for forming a barrier layer onto the light absorption anisotropic layer to form a barrier layer and obtain a laminate, a step of bonding a separately produced polarizer to the barrier layer side of the laminate, and a step of bonding a separately formed λ / 4 retardation film to the transparent base film side of the laminate. When each of the above steps is carried out, a polarizing plate having a polarizer, a barrier layer, a light absorption anisotropic layer, an alignment film, a transparent base film, and a λ / 4 retardation film in this order is obtained. In addition, in an example of the above manufacturing method, it was a manufacturing method of an embodiment having a barrier layer, an alignment film, and a transparent base film in addition to a polarizer, a light absorption anisotropic layer, and a λ / 4 retardation film, but a step of forming members other than the barrier layer, the alignment film, and the transparent base film may be included. Each step can be carried out according to a known method and is not particularly limited. Also, the order etc. of each step may be changed as long as a polarizing plate can be formed.

[0166] 〔Adhesive layer〕 In the manufacturing method of the above polarizing plate, it is also preferable that bonding etc. are carried out by an adhesive layer. That is, the polarizing plate of the present invention may have an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer in the present invention is preferably a transparent and optically isotropic adhesive, similar to those used in ordinary liquid crystal display devices, and usually a pressure-sensitive adhesive is used.

[0167] In the adhesive layer in the present invention, in addition to a base material (adhesive), conductive particles, and thermally expandable particles used as necessary, crosslinking agents (for example, isocyanate-based crosslinking agents, epoxy-based crosslinking agents, etc.), tackifiers (for example, rosin derivative resins, polyterpene resins, petroleum resins, oil-soluble phenol resins, etc.), plasticizers, fillers, anti-aging agents, surfactants, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, and other appropriate additives may be blended.

[0168] The thickness of the adhesive layer is typically 20 to 500 μm, preferably 20 to 250 μm. If it is less than 20 μm, the required adhesive strength and reworkability may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 500 μm, the adhesive may ooze or seep out from the peripheral edges of the image display device.

[0169] In addition, as a protective member, for example, a configuration in which conductive particles are added to the structure of a heat-removable adhesive sheet described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-292916 can be applied. Alternatively, as a protective material, a commercially available product such as "Riva Alpha" manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation, in which conductive particles are scattered on the surface of the adhesive layer, may be used.

[0170] [Adhesive layer] In the above-described method for manufacturing polarizing plates, bonding may also be performed using an adhesive layer. That is, the polarizing plate of the present invention may have an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer refers to a layer containing an adhesive. In this invention, it is preferable that the adhesive exhibits adhesive properties through drying or reaction after bonding. For example, polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives (PVA-based adhesives) develop their adhesive properties upon drying, making it possible to bond materials together. Specific examples of curing adhesives that exhibit adhesive properties through reaction include active energy ray curing adhesives such as (meth)acrylate adhesives and cationic polymerization curing adhesives. (Meth)acrylate refers to acrylate and / or methacrylate. Examples of curing components in (meth)acrylate adhesives include compounds having a (meth)acryloyl group and compounds having a vinyl group. Compounds having epoxy groups or oxetanyl groups can also be used as cationic polymerization curing adhesives. Compounds having epoxy groups are not particularly limited as long as they have at least two epoxy groups in the molecule, and various generally known curable epoxy compounds can be used. Examples of preferred epoxy compounds include compounds having at least two epoxy groups and at least one aromatic ring in the molecule (aromatic epoxy compounds), and compounds having at least two epoxy groups in the molecule, at least one of which is formed between two adjacent carbon atoms constituting an alicyclic ring (alicyclic epoxy compounds). In particular, from the viewpoint of resistance to heat deformation, UV-curing adhesives that harden with UV irradiation are preferably used.

[0171] Each layer of the adhesive layer and the tack layer may be made capable of absorbing ultraviolet light by methods such as treating them with ultraviolet absorbers such as salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenol compounds, benzotriazole compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, and nickel complex salt compounds.

[0172] The adhesive layer and bonding layer can be attached to the film by an appropriate method. Examples include preparing an adhesive solution of about 10 to 40% by weight by dissolving or dispersing a base polymer or its composition in a solvent consisting of a suitable solvent such as toluene and ethyl acetate, and directly attaching it to the substrate by an appropriate deployment method such as casting or coating; and forming an adhesive layer on a separator in accordance with the above method and transferring it to the substrate.

[0173] The adhesive layer and bonding layer may also be provided on the substrate as superimposed layers of different compositions or types. Furthermore, the adhesive layer and bonding layer may be provided on both sides of opposing surfaces of the substrate. When adhesive or bonding layers are provided on both sides of the substrate, the adhesive or bonding layers on both sides may be similar, or they may differ in composition, type, and thickness.

[0174] Furthermore, the substrates to be bonded may undergo surface modification treatment to improve adhesion or other properties before the adhesive and bonding agent are applied. Specific examples of such treatments include corona treatment, plasma treatment, primer treatment, and saponification treatment.

[0175] [Organic EL display device] The organic EL display device of the present invention is a display device in which a light-emitting layer or a plurality of organic compound thin films including a light-emitting layer are formed between a pair of electrodes, an anode and a cathode. The organic EL display device has a polarizing plate of the present invention on the viewing side, and the polarizing plate is arranged such that the polarizer is on the viewing side of the λ / 4 phase difference film. Therefore, the organic EL display device of the present invention has, in order from the viewing side, a polarizer, a λ / 4 phase difference film, and a light-absorbing anisotropy layer, or a polarizer, a light-absorbing anisotropy layer, and a λ / 4 phase difference film, or a light-absorbing anisotropy layer, a polarizer, and a λ / 4 phase difference film. Furthermore, it is preferable that the organic EL display device has a configuration that includes an organic EL display element containing the organic compound thin film described above, and a polarizing plate. Furthermore, the organic compound thin film may have, in addition to the light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and a protective layer, and each of these layers may have other functions. The electrodes and organic compound thin films of the organic EL display device can be formed using known materials and methods. The organic EL display device of the present invention has improved reflectivity and color when viewed from an oblique direction. [Examples]

[0176] The present invention will be specifically described below based on examples. The materials, reagents, amounts and proportions of substances, and procedures shown in the following examples can be modified as appropriate, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0177] [Example 1] (Formation of orientation film) The surface of a cellulose acylate film (TAC film with a thickness of 40 μm; TG40, Fujifilm Corporation) was saponified with an alkaline solution, and the following orientation film-forming composition 1 was applied to it using a wire bar to form a coating. The TAC film with the coating was dried with 60°C hot air for 60 seconds, and then with 100°C hot air for 120 seconds to form an orientation film AL1, and an orientation film-coated TAC film 1 was obtained. The film thickness was 1 μm.

[0178] ------------------------------------------------------------------ (Composition for forming alignment film 1) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Modified polyvinyl alcohol PVA-1 3.80 parts by mass ·IRGACURE2959 0.20 parts by mass ·Water 70 parts by mass • Methanol 30 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0179] Modified polyvinyl alcohol PVA-1 [ka]

[0180] (Formation of light-absorbing anisotropic layer P1) The following light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition P1 was continuously applied to the alignment film AL1 of the obtained alignment film-coated TAC film 1 using a wire bar, heated at 120°C for 60 seconds, and then cooled to room temperature (23°C). Next, it was heated at 80°C for 60 seconds and then cooled again to room temperature. Subsequently, an illuminance of 200 mW / cm was measured using an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm). 2 By irradiating the film under the specified conditions for 2 seconds, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer P1 was fabricated on the orientation film AL1, and a TAC film P1 having the light-absorbing anisotropic layer P1 was obtained. The thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer P1 was 0.35 μm.

[0181] ------------------------------------------------------------------ (Composition P1 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer) ------------------------------------------------------------------ ·Dichroic dye D-1 0.63 parts by mass ·Dichroic dye D-2 0.17 parts by mass ·Dichroic dye D-3 1.13 parts by mass ·Polymer liquid crystal compound P-1 8.18 parts by mass • IRGACUREOXE-02 (BASF) 0.16 parts by mass ·Compound E-1 0.12 parts by mass ·Compound E-2 0.12 parts by mass • Surfactant F-1: 0.005 parts by mass Cyclopentanone 85.00 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 4.50 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0182] Dichroic dye D-1 [ka]

[0183] Dichroic dye D-2 [ka]

[0184] Dichroic dye D-3 [ka]

[0185] Polymer liquid crystal compound P-1 [ka]

[0186] Compound E-1 [ka]

[0187] Compound E-2 [ka]

[0188] Surfactant F-1 [ka]

[0189] (Formation of barrier layer B1) The following barrier layer-forming composition B1 was continuously applied to the light-absorbing anisotropic layer P1 of the obtained TAC film P1 using a wire bar to form a coating film. Next, the support on which the coating film was formed was dried with 60°C hot air for 60 seconds, and then with 100°C hot air for 120 seconds to form a barrier layer B1, which was then used as the optical film P1. The thickness of the barrier layer was 0.5 μm. ------------------------------------------------------------------ (Barrier layer forming composition B1) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Modified polyvinyl alcohol PVA-1 3.80 parts by mass ·IRGACURE2959 0.20 parts by mass ·Water 70 parts by mass • Methanol 30 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0190] (Fabrication of λ / 4 phase difference film) A photo-alignment film-forming composition PA1 with the following composition was continuously applied to a film of the same type as the TAC film described above using a wire bar to form a coating. The TAC film with the coating was dried with 140°C hot air for 120 seconds, and then polarized ultraviolet light (10 mJ / cm²) was irradiated onto the coating. 2 By using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a photo-alignment film PA1 with a thickness of 0.2 μm was formed, and a TAC film with a photo-alignment film was obtained.

[0191] ------------------------------------------------------------------ (Composition PA1 for forming photo-alignment film) ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 100.00 parts by mass of the polymer PA-1 below • Acid generator PAG-1: 5.00 parts by mass • The following acid generator CPI-110TF: 0.005 parts by mass • Isopropyl alcohol 16.50 parts by mass Butyl acetate 1072.00 parts by mass Methyl ethyl ketone 268.00 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0192] Polymer PA-1 [ka]

[0193] Acid Generator PAG-1 [ka]

[0194] Acid Generator CPI-110TF [ka]

[0195] Composition A-1, having the composition described below, was applied to the photo-alignment film PA1 of a TAC film with a photo-alignment film using a bar coater to form a coating. The coating formed on the photo-alignment film PA1 was heated to 120°C with hot air, then cooled to 60°C, and then heated at a wavelength of 365 nm using a high-pressure mercury lamp at 100 mJ / cm² under a nitrogen atmosphere. 2 The coating is irradiated with ultraviolet light, followed by heating to 120°C while applying 500 mJ / cm² of UV light. 2 By irradiating the coating with ultraviolet light, the orientation of the liquid crystalline compound was fixed, and a TAC film A1 having a λ / 4 phase difference layer A1 (corresponding to a λ / 4 phase difference film) was fabricated. The thickness of the λ / 4 phase difference layer A1 was 2.5 μm, and Re(550) was 144 nm. Furthermore, the λ / 4 phase difference layer A1 satisfied the relationship Re(450) ≤ Re(550) ≤ Re(650). Also, in the λ / 4 phase difference layer, Re(450) / Re(550) was 0.82.

[0196] ------------------------------------------------------------------ (Composition A-1) ------------------------------------------------------------------ • Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-1: 43.50 parts by mass • Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-2: 43.50 parts by mass • 8.00 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-3 listed below. • Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-4: 5.00 parts by mass • Polymerization initiator PI-1: 0.55 parts by mass • Leveling agent T-1: 0.20 parts by mass Cyclopentanone 235.00 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0197] Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-1 (tBu represents a tert-butyl group) [ka]

[0198] Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-2 [ka]

[0199] Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-3 [ka]

[0200] Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-4 (Me represents a methyl group) [ka]

[0201] Polymerization initiator PI-1 [ka]

[0202] Leveling agent T-1 [ka]

[0203] (Preparation of adhesive sheet 1) Acrylate polymers were prepared according to the following procedure. In a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, a nitrogen inlet, a thermometer, and a stirring device, 95 parts by weight of butyl acrylate and 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid were polymerized by solution polymerization to obtain acrylate polymer A1 with an average molecular weight of 2 million and a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 3.0.

[0204] Next, 100 parts by mass of the obtained acrylate polymer A1 was mixed with 1.0 part by mass of Coronate L (a 75% by mass ethyl acetate solution of trimethylolpropane adduct of tolylene diisocyanate, with 3 isocyanate groups per molecule, manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.) and 0.2 parts by mass of silane coupling agent KBM-403 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.). Finally, ethyl acetate was added to achieve a total solid content concentration of 10% by mass to prepare an adhesive-forming composition. This composition was applied to a separator film surface-treated with a silicone-based release agent using a die coater and dried at 90°C for 1 minute to obtain an acrylate-based adhesive sheet 1. The film thickness was 15 μm and the storage modulus was 0.1 MPa.

[0205] (Preparation of UV adhesive) A UV adhesive composition with the following composition was prepared. ───────────────────────────────── UV adhesive composition ------------------------------------------------------------------ • CEL2021P (manufactured by Daicel Corporation) 70 parts by mass 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether 20 parts by mass 2-Ethylhexylglycidyl ether 10 parts by mass ·CPI-100P 2.25 parts by mass ─────────────────────────────────

[0206] CPI-100P [ka]

[0207] (Fabrication of polarizing plate C1) Using the same method as for polarizer plate 02 with a protective film on one side described in International Publication No. 2015 / 166991, polarizer 1 was fabricated with a polarizer thickness of 8 μm and one side of the polarizer exposed. The exposed polarizer side of the polarizer 1 and the barrier layer B1 side of the optical film P1 containing the fabricated light-absorbing anisotropic layer P1 were bonded together with the adhesive sheet 1. Furthermore, the TAC film side of the optical film P1 containing the light absorption anisotropy layer P1 and the λ / 4 phase difference layer A1 side of the TAC film A1 containing the λ / 4 phase difference layer A1 are bonded together by applying the UV adhesive composition, resulting in a UV load of 600 mJ / cm². 2 The material was cured by UV irradiation to form a UV adhesive layer. The thickness of the UV adhesive layer was 3 μm. The surfaces to be bonded with the UV adhesive were each subjected to corona treatment. Next, the photo-alignment film PA1 and TAC film 1 on the λ / 4 phase difference layer A1 side were removed to obtain polarizer plate C1. The layer structure of polarizer plate C1 was, in order from the polarizer 1 side, polarizer 1, adhesive sheet 1, barrier layer B1, light-absorbing anisotropy layer P1, alignment film AL1, TAC film, UV adhesive layer, and λ / 4 phase difference layer A1.

[0208] (Fabrication of organic EL display devices) A Samsung GALAXY® S5 equipped with an organic EL panel (organic EL display element) was disassembled, the touch panel with a circular polarizer was peeled off from the organic EL display device, and the circular polarizer was further peeled off from the touch panel, thereby isolating the organic EL display element, touch panel, and circular polarizer. Next, the isolated touch panel was reattached to the organic EL display element, and the polarizer C1 prepared above was then attached to the touch panel using the adhesive sheet 1, ensuring that no air was trapped, with the polarizer 1 side facing the viewing side, thereby creating an organic EL display device.

[0209] [Example 2] The polarizing plate C2 of Example 2 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer P1 in the optical film P1 of Example 1 was changed to 0.18 μm.

[0210] [Example 3] A polarizing plate C3 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer P1 in the optical film P1 of Example 1 was changed to 0.70 μm.

[0211] [Example 4] In the fabrication of polarizing plate C1 in Example 1, polarizer 1 and TAC film A1 were bonded together with UV adhesive so that the exposed polarizer surface of polarizer 1 faced the surface of λ / 4 phase difference layer A1. After removing the photo-alignment film PA1 and TAC film 1, the surface of λ / 4 phase difference layer A1 opposite to the polarizer 1 side and the surface of optical film P1 facing the barrier layer B1 side were bonded together with adhesive sheet 1 to obtain polarizing plate C4. In other words, polarizing plate C4 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the layer structure of polarizing plate C1 was, in order from the polarizer 1 side, polarizer 1, UV adhesive layer, λ / 4 phase difference layer A1, adhesive sheet 1, barrier layer B1, light absorption anisotropy layer P1, alignment film AL1, and TAC film.

[0212] [Example 5] In the fabrication of the polarizing plate C1 in Example 1, the optical film P1 and polarizer 1 were bonded together with UV adhesive so that the surface of the optical film P1 on the TAC film 1 side faced the surface of the polarizer 1 where the polarizer was exposed. Then, the surface of the polarizer 1 opposite to the optical film P1 side faced the surface of the λ / 4 phase difference layer A1 of the TAC film A1 and bonded together with UV adhesive. Finally, the photo-alignment film PA1 and TAC film 1 were removed to obtain the polarizing plate C5. In other words, polarizer C5 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the layer configuration of polarizer C1 was, in order from the barrier layer B1 side, barrier layer B1, light absorption anisotropy layer P1, alignment film AL1, TAC film 1, UV adhesive, polarizer 1, UV adhesive layer, and λ / 4 phase difference layer A1.

[0213] [Comparative Example 1] In the fabrication of polarizing plate C1 in Example 1, the polarizing plate was fabricated without using the optical film P1. That is, polarizing plate C6 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the layer structure of polarizing plate C1 was, from the polarizer 1 side, polarizer 1, UV adhesive layer, and λ / 4 phase difference layer A1.

[0214] [Comparative Example 2] In the preparation of polarizing plate C1 in Example 1, polarizing plate C7 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the light absorption anisotropy layer forming composition P2 was replaced with the light absorption anisotropy layer forming composition P2 described below, and the film thickness was set to 0.5 μm. Note that the light absorption anisotropy layer forming composition P2 did not contain a dye compound. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of composition P2 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 8.18 parts by mass of the above polymeric liquid crystalline compound P-1 • IRGACUREOXE-02 (BASF) 0.16 parts by mass • Compound E-1: 0.12 parts by mass • 0.12 parts by mass of the above compound E-2 • 0.005 parts by mass of the above surfactant F-1 Cyclopentanone 85.00 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 4.50 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0215] [Comparative Example 3] A polarizing plate C8 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the optical film P1 of Example 1 was changed to 0.09 μm.

[0216] [Comparative Example 4] A polarizing plate C9 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the optical film P1 of Example 1 was changed to 1.20 μm.

[0217] [Comparative Example 5] A polarizing plate C10 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the optical film P1 of Example 1 was changed to 3.50 μm.

[0218] 〔evaluation〕 (1) Transmittance central axis and Rth Using the obtained optically absorbed anisotropic layer, the Mueller matrix of the optically absorbed anisotropic layer at wavelength λ was measured at 5° intervals from -70° to 70° using an AxoScan OPMF-1 (OptoScience Co., Ltd.). From these measurement results, the angle θ between the transmittance center axis at which transmittance is maximum and the normal to the layer plane of the optically absorbed anisotropic layer, and Rth were determined. For the calculation of Rth, an assumed average refractive index of 1.60 and the film thickness were input. The method for determining the angle θ and Rth is as described above. Note that wavelength λ refers to wavelengths of 450nm, 550nm, or 630nm.

[0219] (2) A(λ) To determine the absorption anisotropy of the optical absorption anisotropy layer, the polarization characteristics of the obtained optical absorption anisotropy layer were determined by measuring the polar angle direction in the in-plane slow-speed axis direction of the optical absorption anisotropy layer at wavelength λ. Note that wavelength λ refers to wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, or 630 nm. Specifically, using Axometics' Axoscan measurement device, the Mueller matrix was measured at 5° intervals from -70 to 70° in the in-plane slow phase axis direction, and the degree of absorption anisotropy A was determined by fitting. The value of A(λ) expressed by the above formula was determined at three wavelengths: 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm.

[0220] [Display performance] The visibility and display quality of the fabricated organic EL display device were evaluated under bright light conditions. Specifically, the display screen of the device was set to black, and the reflected light was observed when a fluorescent lamp was projected onto it from an extreme angle of 45 degrees. In other words, the reflectance and color were evaluated when viewed from an oblique direction. The evaluation was based on the following criteria to assess display performance. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 below. (Evaluation Criteria) A: It is black and no color is visible at all. B: Slight coloration is visible, but the reflectivity is very low. C: Slight coloration is visible, but the reflectivity is low. D: Slightly colored and highly reflective. E: The color is clearly visible and the reflectivity is very high.

[0221] [Table 1]

[0222] From the results shown in Table 1 above, it was confirmed that the display performance is superior to that of a configuration without a light-absorbing anisotropic layer (Comparative Example 1) when a light-absorbing anisotropic layer is included, the Rth of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is -20 to -160 nm at all wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm, and the value of A(λ) is 20 to 200 nm at all wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm (Examples 1 to 5). Furthermore, it was confirmed that display performance was inferior in configurations where Rth of the optical anisotropy absorption layer was within the above range, but A was not within the above range (Comparative Example 2), and in configurations where both Rth and A were not within the above range (Comparative Examples 3-5). In addition, it was confirmed that in the polarizing plate configuration, when the polarizer, optical anisotropy absorption layer, and λ / 4 phase difference layer were stacked in this order (Example 1), the display performance was superior compared to configurations that were not stacked (Examples 4 and 5).

Claims

1. It comprises a polarizer, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer having at least one dye compound, and a λ / 4 phase difference film. The angle between the transmittance center axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer and the normal to the layer plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is 0 to 45°, and the phase difference Rth in the thickness direction of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is -20 to -160 nm at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm. A polarizing plate in which the light absorption anisotropy layer A(λ) shown in formula (1) is 20 to 200 nm at all wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm, and is a circular polarizing plate. Formula (1) A(λ)={kz(λ)-(kx(λ)+ky(λ)) / 2}×d In equation (1), d is the thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, kx(λ) and ky(λ) are the absorption coefficients for light of wavelength λ in the orthogonal x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively, within the plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, and kz(λ) is the absorption coefficient for light of wavelength λ in the z-axis direction orthogonal to the plane containing the x-axis and y-axis. However, the unit of the thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer represented by d is nm.

2. The polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein A(λ) is 40 to 150 nm at any of the wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm.

3. The polarizing plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light-absorbing anisotropic layer comprises a liquid crystalline compound and at least one dichroic dye compound.

4. The polarizer, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, and the λ / 4 phase difference film are laminated in this order, or the polarizer, the λ / 4 phase difference film, and the light-absorbing anisotropic layer are laminated in this order, according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The polarizing plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polarizer, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, and the λ / 4 phase difference film are laminated in this order.

6. An organic EL display device having a polarizing plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polarizer is arranged so as to be on the viewing side.

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