System and method for detecting sensor tampering

Abstract

Systems, methods, and apparatus for sensor tamper detection are provided. The aftertreatment system includes a first flow path including a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, a first dosing device, and a first NOx sensor; a second flow path including a second SCR system, a second dosing device, and a second NOx sensor; and a controller. The controller determines satisfaction of an enabling condition. The controller dosing reductant to the first and second SCR systems. The controller determines NOx values ​​for the first and second SCR systems. The controller adjusts the dosing of the first SCR system over a period of time. The controller measures the NOx values ​​for the first and second SCR systems. The controller determines a difference between a third NOx value and the first NOx value and a difference between a fourth NOx value and the second NOx value. The controller generates an indication of whether the first NOx sensor is displaced.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications This application claims priority and interest in U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 145,649, filed on 22 December 2022, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This application relates, in general, to post-processing systems, and more particularly to post-processing systems for detecting tampering with sensors in a post-processing system. [Background technology]

[0003] Internal combustion engines such as diesel engines produce nitrogen oxides (NOx). x ) Emits exhaust containing compounds. For example, in order to comply with environmental regulations, NO x Reducing emissions is desirable. NO x To reduce emissions, a reducing agent can be introduced into the exhaust gas by an injection system within the aftertreatment system. The reducing agent works in cooperation with the catalyst in the catalytic component to reduce a portion of the exhaust gas to non-NOx compounds such as nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O). x It promotes the conversion into waste products, thereby NO x Reduce emissions. In some applications, exhaust compounds can also be filtered or removed by one or more catalytic components located in the aftertreatment system (e.g., diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) components, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst components, diesel particulate filter (DPF) components, ammonia oxidation (AMOx) catalyst components, etc.). [Overview of the project]

[0004] A specific aftertreatment system may include multiple passages for reducing exhaust byproducts from exhaust gases generated by an internal combustion engine. Each passage in the aftertreatment system has one or more components for reducing exhaust byproducts, such as catalytic members (e.g., SCR catalytic members, DOC members, etc.) and filters (DPF members, etc.). Each passage has NO at various locations in the aftertreatment system. xconfigured to sense NO x It can include various sensors such as NO sensors. For example, the NO sensor disposed downstream of the SCR catalyst member x is used to measure the NO value (e.g., the amount of NO) downstream of the SCR catalyst member (or SCR system). The NO value can be used to adjust or calibrate the input amount of the reducing agent in the SCR system. x However, some users may tamper with the aftertreatment system by, for example, moving the NO sensor from one flow path to another. Detecting tampering of such a sensor during the operation of the aftertreatment system (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) is difficult and potentially leads to inaccurate input of the reducing agent in the tail pipe and / or NO slip. The systems, methods, and devices described herein enable detection of sensor tampering such as displacement / misplacement of the sensor (e.g., NO sensor). The system and method of the technical solution is configured to disable the ammonia-to-NO ratio (ANR) (e.g., the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO) and identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or no change) in the NO measurement value. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor within the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify the operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby minimizing potential NO slip and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with environmental regulations.

[0005] However, some users may tamper with the aftertreatment system by, for example, moving the NO sensor from one flow path to another. Detecting tampering of such a sensor during the operation of the aftertreatment system (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) is difficult and potentially leads to inaccurate input of the reducing agent in the tail pipe and / or NO slip. The systems, methods, and devices described herein enable detection of sensor tampering such as displacement / misplacement of the sensor (e.g., NO sensor). The system and method of the technical solution is configured to disable the ammonia-to-NO ratio (ANR) (e.g., the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO) and identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or no change) in the NO measurement value. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor within the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify the operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby minimizing potential NO slip and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with environmental regulations. x However, some users may tamper with the aftertreatment system by, for example, moving the NO sensor from one flow path to another. Detecting tampering of such a sensor during the operation of the aftertreatment system (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) is difficult and potentially leads to inaccurate input of the reducing agent in the tail pipe and / or NO slip. The systems, methods, and devices described herein enable detection of sensor tampering such as displacement / misplacement of the sensor (e.g., NO sensor). The system and method of the technical solution is configured to disable the ammonia-to-NO ratio (ANR) (e.g., the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO) and identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or no change) in the NO measurement value. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor within the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify the operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby minimizing potential NO slip and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with environmental regulations. x However, some users may tamper with the aftertreatment system by, for example, moving the NO sensor from one flow path to another. Detecting tampering of such a sensor during the operation of the aftertreatment system (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) is difficult and potentially leads to inaccurate input of the reducing agent in the tail pipe and / or NO slip. The systems, methods, and devices described herein enable detection of sensor tampering such as displacement / misplacement of the sensor (e.g., NO sensor). The system and method of the technical solution is configured to disable the ammonia-to-NO ratio (ANR) (e.g., the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO) and identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or no change) in the NO measurement value. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor within the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify the operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby minimizing potential NO slip and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with environmental regulations. x However, some users may tamper with the aftertreatment system by, for example, moving the NO sensor from one flow path to another. Detecting tampering of such a sensor during the operation of the aftertreatment system (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) is difficult and potentially leads to inaccurate input of the reducing agent in the tail pipe and / or NO slip. The systems, methods, and devices described herein enable detection of sensor tampering such as displacement / misplacement of the sensor (e.g., NO sensor). The system and method of the technical solution is configured to disable the ammonia-to-NO ratio (ANR) (e.g., the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO) and identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or no change) in the NO measurement value. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor within the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify the operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby minimizing potential NO slip and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with environmental regulations. x However, some users may tamper with the aftertreatment system by, for example, moving the NO sensor from one flow path to another. Detecting tampering of such a sensor during the operation of the aftertreatment system (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) is difficult and potentially leads to inaccurate input of the reducing agent in the tail pipe and / or NO slip. The systems, methods, and devices described herein enable detection of sensor tampering such as displacement / misplacement of the sensor (e.g., NO sensor). The system and method of the technical solution is configured to disable the ammonia-to-NO ratio (ANR) (e.g., the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO) and identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or no change) in the NO measurement value. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor within the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify the operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby minimizing potential NO slip and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with environmental regulations. x However, some users may tamper with the aftertreatment system by, for example, moving the NO sensor from one flow path to another. Detecting tampering of such a sensor during the operation of the aftertreatment system (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) is difficult and potentially leads to inaccurate input of the reducing agent in the tail pipe and / or NO slip. The systems, methods, and devices described herein enable detection of sensor tampering such as displacement / misplacement of the sensor (e.g., NO sensor). The system and method of the technical solution is configured to disable the ammonia-to-NO ratio (ANR) (e.g., the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO) and identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or no change) in the NO measurement value. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor within the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify the operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby minimizing potential NO slip and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with environmental regulations. x However, some users may tamper with the aftertreatment system by, for example, moving the NO sensor from one flow path to another. Detecting tampering of such a sensor during the operation of the aftertreatment system (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) is difficult and potentially leads to inaccurate input of the reducing agent in the tail pipe and / or NO slip. The systems, methods, and devices described herein enable detection of sensor tampering such as displacement / misplacement of the sensor (e.g., NO sensor). The system and method of the technical solution is configured to disable the ammonia-to-NO ratio (ANR) (e.g., the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO) and identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or no change) in the NO measurement value. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor within the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify the operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby minimizing potential NO slip and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with environmental regulations. x However, some users may tamper with the aftertreatment system by, for example, moving the NO sensor from one flow path to another. Detecting tampering of such a sensor during the operation of the aftertreatment system (e.g., outside of service or maintenance) is difficult and potentially leads to inaccurate input of the reducing agent in the tail pipe and / or NO slip. The systems, methods, and devices described herein enable detection of sensor tampering such as displacement / misplacement of the sensor (e.g., NO sensor). The system and method of the technical solution is configured to disable the ammonia-to-NO ratio (ANR) (e.g., the amount of ammonia relative to the amount of NO) and identify whether the sensor is measuring data as expected according to the change (or no change) in the NO measurement value. Thus, by detecting the displacement of the sensor within the aftertreatment system, the system and method can notify the operator to perform maintenance on the aftertreatment system or visit a service center, thereby minimizing potential NO slip and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with environmental regulations.

[0006] ​​​​In some embodiments, the post-treatment system comprises a first channel comprising a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system and a first feeder. The post-treatment system comprises a second channel comprising a second SCR system and a second feeder. The post-treatment system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine whether one or more activation conditions are met. In response to the meeting of one or more activation conditions, the controller is configured to feed a reducing agent into the first SCR system using the first feeder and into the second SCR system using the second feeder. In response to the feeding, the controller is configured to feed a first NO associated with the first channel. x Based on the readings from the sensor, the first NO of the first SCR system x Determine the value and the second NO associated with the second flow path. x Based on the readings from the sensor, the second NO of the second SCR system x It is configured to determine the value. The controller is the first NO x Value and second NO x In response to a value reaching a first predetermined threshold, the controller is configured to adjust the activation of the first SCR system for a first period of time. At the end of the second period after the adjustment of the activation of the first SCR system, the controller will activate the first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the third NO of the first SCR system x Measure the value and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the fourth NO of the second SCR system x It is configured to measure the value. The controller is the third NO x Value and the first NO x The controller is configured to determine the first difference between the value and the fourth NO. x Value and second NO x The controller is configured to determine a second difference between the values. Based on the first and second differences, the controller determines the second NO x The sensor is configured to generate an index indicating whether or not it is being displaced.

[0007] In some embodiments, the controller responds to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than a second predetermined threshold by performing a first NO x Sensor and second NO x The sensor is configured to determine that there is no displacement. In some embodiments, the controller, in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, issues a first NO x Sensor and second NO x The sensor is configured to determine that there is no displacement.

[0008] In some embodiments, the controller, in response to determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, generates a second NO x The sensor is configured to determine that displacement has occurred. In some embodiments, one or more activation conditions are met in response to the floor temperature of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being higher than a second predetermined threshold.

[0009] In some embodiments, one or more activation conditions are the engine output NO of each of the first and second flow paths. x This is satisfied in response to the value being greater than a second predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the first period is the first NO x It is based on the time required for the value to change by a predetermined percentage.

[0010] In some embodiments, after determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, the controller is further configured to adjust the activation of the first SCR system for a third period by a value greater than the activation of the first SCR system for a first period. At the end of the fourth period after adjusting the activation of the first SCR system for a third period, the controller determines the first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the fifth NO of the first SCR system xMeasure the value and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the sixth NO of the second SCR system x The controller is configured to measure the value. x Value and the first NO x The controller is configured to determine the third difference between the value and the value. x Value and second NO x The controller is configured to determine the fourth difference between the values. Based on the third and fourth differences, the controller determines the second NO x The sensor is configured to generate an index indicating whether or not it is being displaced.

[0011] In some embodiments, the method includes a controller determining whether one or more activation conditions are met. In response to the satisfaction of one or more activation conditions, the method includes the controller introducing a reducing agent into a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in a first channel using a first injector, and into a second SCR system in a second channel using a second injector. In response to the introduction, the method includes the controller introducing a first NO associated with the first channel. x Based on the readings from the sensor, the first NO of the first SCR system x The step of determining the value and the second NO associated with the second flow path x Based on the readings from the sensor, the second NO of the second SCR system x The method includes the step of determining the value. The method is performed by the controller, first NO x Value and second NO x The method includes adjusting the activation of the first SCR system for a first period in response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold. At the end of the second period after the activation of the first SCR system has been adjusted, the method, by the controller, activates the first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the third NO of the first SCR system x Measuring the value and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the fourth NO of the second SCR system xThe method includes measuring the value. The method is performed by the controller, the third NO x Value and the first NO x The method involves determining the first difference between the value and the fourth NO. x Value and second NO x The method involves determining a second difference between the values. The method involves the controller determining a second NO based on the first and second differences. x This includes generating an index indicating whether the sensor is displaced.

[0012] In some embodiments, the method, in response to the controller that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference is less than a second predetermined threshold, the first NO x Sensor and second NO x This includes determining that the sensor has not been displaced. In some embodiments, the method, in response to the controller determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, performs a first NO x Sensor and second NO x This includes determining that the sensor has not been displaced.

[0013] In some embodiments, the method, in response to the controller determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, determines the second NO x This includes determining that the sensor is displaced. In some embodiments, one or more activation conditions are met in response to the floor temperature of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being higher than a second predetermined threshold.

[0014] In some embodiments, one or more activation conditions are the engine output NO of each of the first and second flow paths. x This is satisfied in response to the value being greater than a second predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the first period is the first NO x It is based on the time required for the value to change by a predetermined percentage.

[0015] In some embodiments, the controller comprises one or more processors. The controller comprises one or more memory devices coupled to the one or more processors, which, when executed by the one or more processors, instruct the one or more processors to determine whether one or more activation conditions are met, and in response to the meeting of one or more activation conditions, to feed a reducing agent into a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in a first channel using a first feeder and into a second SCR system in a second channel using a second feeder, and in response to the feeding, to feed a first NO associated with the first channel x Based on the readings from the sensor, the first NO of the first SCR system x The value, and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the second NO of the second SCR system x Measure the value and, at the end of the second period after adjusting the input of the first SCR system, the first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the third NO of the first SCR system x The value, and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the fourth NO of the second SCR system x Measuring the value and the third NO x Value and the first NO x Determining the first difference between the values ​​and the fourth NO x Value and second NO x Determine the second difference between the values, and the second NO based on the first and second differences. x It stores commands to generate an indicator of whether the sensor is displaced or not.

[0016] In some embodiments, when an instruction is executed by one or more processors, one or more processors are instructed to perform a first NO in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than a second predetermined threshold. x Sensor and second NO xCause a determination that the sensor has not been displaced. In some embodiments, when the instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors, in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, the first NO x Sensor and the second NO x Cause a determination that the sensor has not been displaced.

[0017] In some embodiments, when the instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors, in response to determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, the second NO x Cause a determination that the sensor has been displaced.

[0018] In some embodiments, one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the floor temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being higher than a second predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the engine out NO of each of the first flow path and the second flow path x value being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims.

[0020] It will be recognized that some or all of the drawings are schematic diagrams for illustrative purposes. The drawings are provided for the purpose of illustrating one or more embodiments and are accompanied by the clear understanding that they are not used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

[0021] [Figure 1] Exemplary schematic diagram of an engine exhaust aftertreatment system coupled to a controller. [Figure 2]Figure 1 is an illustrative flowchart illustrating the overview of the diagnostic process performed by the controller. [Figure 3] Figure 1 is an illustrative graph showing the behavior of a healthy after-treatment system during ammonia-to-NOx ratio (ANR) override in the after-treatment system. [Figure 4] This is an illustrative graph showing the behavior of a post-processing system with a tampered sensor during ANR override in the post-processing system shown in Figure 1. [Figure 5] This is an illustrative graph showing the behavior of a healthy post-processing system during ANR override in a post-processing system using the NOx values ​​shown in Figure 1. [Figure 6] This is an illustrative graph showing the behavior of a post-processing system with a tampered sensor during ANR override in a post-processing system using the NOx values ​​shown in Figure 1. [Figure 7] This is an illustrative process flow diagram of a method for detecting sensor tampering in the post-processing system shown in Figure 1. [Figure 8] Figure 7 is an illustrative process flow diagram of a method for performing the example sensor tampering detection. [Figure 8-1] Figure 7 is an illustrative process flow diagram of a method for performing the example sensor tampering detection. [Figure 9] These are illustrative graphs showing a first diagnostic case in which the methods of Figures 7 and 8 are applied. [Figure 10] These are illustrative graphs showing a second diagnostic case where the methods described in Figures 7 and 8 are applied. [Figure 11] These are illustrative graphs showing a third diagnostic case in which the methods of Figures 7 and 8 are applied. [Figure 12] Figures 7 and 8 show another illustrative graph illustrating a fourth diagnostic case where the methods are applied. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0022] The following is a more detailed description of various concepts and embodiments related to methods, apparatus, and systems for detecting sensor tampering in post-processing systems. The various concepts introduced above and described in more detail below can be implemented in any of several ways, as the concepts described are not limited to any particular implementation method. Examples of specific embodiments and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

[0023] I. <Overview> Internal combustion engines (such as diesel internal combustion engines) produce exhaust (sometimes called exhaust gas). Depending on the fuel consumed by the internal combustion engine, the exhaust produces different by-products (e.g., NO x The exhaust may contain carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), etc. The exhaust byproducts are measured or sensed by one or more sensors in the aftertreatment system, which can measure, for example, the density, volume, parts per million (ppm), etc. The aftertreatment system may be coupled to the engine, such as by being connected via the exhaust pipe from the engine. For simplicity, the examples herein use NO as an exhaust byproduct. x It can provide a sensor that detects NO downstream of the engine (e.g., at any position along the exhaust pipe). x NO configured to detect emissions x It could be a sensor. The example given is NO. x Measuring NO byproducts x Although it includes a sensor, the system described can be applied to other sensors.

[0024] Exhaust by-products can be reduced by one or more aftertreatment components of an engine system, including, among other types of catalysts, aftertreatment systems such as DOC members or SCR catalyst members. The aftertreatment system can include a plurality of flow paths. For simplicity, the examples herein provide an aftertreatment system including two flow paths, but the aftertreatment system can include more than two flow paths having respective components for reducing exhaust by-products. For example, exhaust can flow through or across the aftertreatment system via a first flow path and a second flow path. The catalyst member (e.g., SCR catalyst member, DOC member, etc.) of each flow path can promote a chemical reaction of the by-products and the reducing agent to reduce or minimize emissions from the tailpipe of the engine system. For simplicity, the examples herein can provide an SCR catalyst member or a DOC member as the catalyst member of the aftertreatment system. Ammonia (NH3) (e.g., reducing agent) can be introduced into each flow path of the aftertreatment system to reduce exhaust by-products. The amount of reducing agent introduced can be based on the NO x measurement from the NO x sensor (and / or other factors such as the exhaust gas mass flow rate of the exhaust gas).

[0025] However, some users may attempt to potentially change (e.g., reduce) the amount of reducing agent introduced during operation of the aftertreatment system, for example, by moving the NO x sensor from one flow path to another, thereby tampering with the aftertreatment system. In these cases, it is difficult to detect tampering of the sensor during operation of the aftertreatment system considering that the sensor readings are still being captured, thereby leading to inaccurate introduction of the reducing agent and / or NO x slip in the tailpipe.

[0026] The systems, methods, and devices described herein can detect tampering of a sensor (e.g., NO xIt is configured to detect tampering with the post-processing system, such as sensor displacement / misposition. Sensor tampering, sensor displacement, sensor misposition, or similar terms are used interchangeably herein. NO x This describes removing the sensor from one channel (e.g., completely removing it or moving it to another channel). In various embodiments, the systems and methods of the technical solution include a controller (e.g., a computing device or data processing system) configured to perform the features or functions described herein for sensor tampering detection. The controller includes at least one processor coupled to at least one memory. For example, the controller determines that one or more activation conditions are met. In response to the satisfaction of one or more activation conditions, the controller dispenses a reducing agent into a first SCR system using a first dispenser and into a second SCR system using a second dispenser. In response to the dispensing, the controller dispenses a first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the first NO of the first SCR system x Determine the value, and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the second NO of the second SCR system x Determine the value. The controller determines the first NO. x Value and second NO x In response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold, the controller stops powering the first SCR system for a first period of time. At the end of the second period after the first SCR system has been powered off, the controller issues a first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the third NO of the first SCR system x Measure the value and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the fourth NO of the second SCR system x Measure the value. The controller is the third NO. x Value and the first NO x Determine the first difference between the value and the value. The controller determines the fourth NO. x Value and second NO xThe controller determines the second difference between the value and the first difference. Based on the first and second differences, the controller determines the first NO x Generate an index indicating whether the sensor is displaced.

[0027] Through these features, the embodiments described herein provide NO in the post-processing system. x Sensor tampering can be detected, thereby notifying operators and / or service technicians to address the misplacement of sensors. As a result, the embodiments described herein prevent the downstream NO of the SCR system caused by system tampering. x This reduces slippage and allows the post-treatment system to comply with environmental regulations.

[0028] II. <Overview of Sensor Tampering Detection> Referring to the drawings in general, the various embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatus, and methods for detecting sensor tampering. x After-treatment systems to reduce harmful NOs present in the exhaust gas (such as soot) x An SCR system utilizes a two-stage process to reduce emissions, or includes a DOC component for filtering or oxidizing hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, or unburned fuels and oils. Referring to SCR, first, a feeder injects a reducing agent into the exhaust flow. This reducing agent may be urea, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), Adblue®, aqueous urea solution (UWS), aqueous urea solution (e.g., AUS32), or another similar fluid. The reducing agent can decompose into NH3 after injection. This mixture then passes through an SCR catalyst component, which, when at a certain temperature, filters out harmful NO x A reaction occurs in the mixture that converts particles into pure nitrogen and water. During operation, undecomposed reducing agents and unreacted ammonia are stored in the catalytic component (e.g., SCR catalytic component), and exhaust products (e.g., NO) are released. x It can react chemically with particles, etc.

[0029] NOx The sensor detects NO, an exhaust byproduct, at various locations within the post-processing system. x The amount (for example, NO x It can be used to measure the value. x The sensor detects NO entering the SCR system. x To measure the amount of NO, it can be placed upstream of the SCR system (for example, at or before the inlet). x The sensor is placed downstream of the SCR system (e.g., at or after the outlet) to detect NO that has passed through the SCR system and remained or slipped (e.g., not converted to pure nitrogen and water). x The amount of NO can be measured. x The value can be used to adjust the amount of reducing agent added to increase the conversion efficiency of the SCR system (for example, upstream NO x Value and downstream NO x (Difference from the value). However, NO from one channel x In a rogue system where the sensor has been left behind or moved to a different path, the introduction of the reducing agent is NO. x This can be inaccurate for channels without sensors. For the simplicity and examples described herein, the tampering is in the NO downstream of the SCR system in one of the channels. x It can be assumed that this is related to the sensors. For example, the tampering is located downstream of each SCR system. x This may include displacing the sensor from the first flow path to the second flow path, or vice versa.

[0030] Therefore, potential NO from the SCR system x To minimize slippage and maintain compliance with environmental regulations, the systems and methods described herein can perform actions to detect sensor tampering in the post-processing system. For example, the systems and methods can respond to changes in the addition of a reducing agent by changing the sensor measurement value (e.g., NO xANR override can be performed to monitor the characteristics of the sensor measurement, thereby NO x Sensors (for example, the first and second NOs expected to be placed in each flow path) x This allows for the detection of whether the sensor is located in each respective flow path, or instead in the same flow path in the post-processing system.

[0031] Referring here to Figure 1, a schematic diagram of a system 10 having a controller 100 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The system 10 includes an internal combustion engine 20 (hereinafter referred to as the "engine") coupled to an exhaust aftertreatment system 22 that communicates with the engine to receive exhaust gases. As shown in the figure, the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 consists of a plurality of passages (e.g., a first passage 22A and a second passage 22B), each passage containing one or more components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. Although two passages are shown and described herein for illustrative purposes, the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 may include three or more passages consisting of additional components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. The controller 100 is coupled to the system 10 together with an operator input / output (I / O) device 120, or communicates with the system 10. The system 10 may be implemented in a vehicle. Vehicles may include, but are not limited to, on-road or off-road vehicles, including line-haul trucks, mid-range trucks (e.g., pickup trucks), automobiles, boats, tanks, airplanes, locomotives, mining equipment, and any other type of vehicle. Vehicles may include transmissions, fuel supply systems, one or more additional vehicle subsystems, etc. In this regard, vehicles may include additional, fewer, and / or different components / systems, and therefore the principles, methods, systems, apparatus, processes, etc. of this disclosure are intended to be applicable to any other vehicle configuration. The principles of this disclosure should not be construed as being limited to vehicles, but rather it should be understood that this disclosure is also applicable to stationary components of equipment such as generators or generator sets.

[0032] The engine 20 may be a compression-ignition internal combustion engine utilizing diesel fuel. In various other embodiments, the engine 20 may be configured as any other type of engine (e.g., spark-ignition) utilizing any type of fuel (e.g., gasoline, natural gas, etc.). In some embodiments, the vehicle may be another type of vehicle, such as a hybrid vehicle including one or more electric motors, or a fuel cell vehicle. Thus, although the engine 20 is configured as a diesel-powered internal combustion engine in this specification, other embodiments are also considered to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0033] Inside the internal combustion engine 20, air from the atmosphere is combined with fuel and burned to power the engine. The combustion of fuel and air in the compression chamber of the engine 20 produces exhaust gases that are operably discharged into the exhaust manifold (not shown) and the aftertreatment system 22.

[0034] Each flow path of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 (for example, the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B) includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system 52 having a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) member 30, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) member 40, and an SCR catalyst member 50, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOx) catalyst member 60. The first flow path 22A includes a DOC member 30A, a DPF member 40A, an SCR system 52A having a first SCR catalyst member 50A, and an AMOx catalyst member 60A. The second flow path 22B includes a DOC member 30B, a DPF member 40B, an SCR system 52B having a second SCR catalyst member 50B, and an AMOx catalyst member 60B. For simplicity, the components of each flow path described herein may generally be labeled, for example, as a DOC member 30, a DPF member 40, an SCR system 52 having an SCR catalyst member 50, and an AMOx catalyst member 60, each associated with the first flow path 22A or the second flow path 22B.

[0035] The exhaust gas aftertreatment system 22 further includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 70. The SCR systems 52A and 52B of each flow path further include a reducing agent supply system having reducing agent sources 54 A to B (e.g., reducing agent source 54 of the flow path) that supply reducing agents to reducing agent injectors 56 A to B (e.g., commonly referred to as injector 56 for the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B) respectively via reducing agent lines 58 A to B.

[0036] In the exhaust flow direction indicated by the directional arrow 29, the exhaust gas flows from the engine 20 into the inlet pipe 24 of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. In the first flow path 22A, from the inlet pipe 24, the exhaust gas flows into the DOC member 30, exits the DOC member 30, and enters the first section of the exhaust pipe 28A. From the first section of the exhaust pipe 28A, the exhaust gas flows into the DPF member 40, exits the DPF member 40, and enters the second section of the exhaust pipe 28B. From the second section 28B of the exhaust pipe, the exhaust gas flows into the SCR catalyst member 50, exits the SCR catalyst member 50, and enters the third section 28C of the exhaust pipe. As the exhaust gas flows through the second section of the exhaust pipe 28B, a reducing agent is periodically introduced by the reducing agent injector 56. Thus, the second section of the exhaust pipe 28B functions as a decomposition chamber or pipe for promoting the decomposition of the reducing agent to ammonia. The exhaust gas flows from the third section of the exhaust pipe 28C into the AMOx catalyst member 60, exits the AMOx catalyst member 60 and enters the outlet pipe 26, after which the exhaust gas is discharged from the aftertreatment system 22. Similarly, in the second flow path 22B, the exhaust gas flows into the outlet pipe 26 through pipes 28D to 28F, which pass through various components within the second flow path 22B.

[0037] Based on the above, in the illustrated embodiment, the DOC member 30 (e.g., DOC member 30A or DOC member 30B) is positioned upstream of the DPF member 40 (e.g., DPF member 40A or DPF member 40B) and the SCR catalyst member 50 (e.g., SCR catalyst member 50A or SCR catalyst member 50B), while the SCR catalyst member 50 (e.g., SCR catalyst member 50A or SCR catalyst member 50B) is positioned downstream of the DPF member 40 (e.g., DPF member 40A or DPF member 40B) and upstream of the AMOx catalyst member 60 (e.g., AMOx catalyst member 60A or AMOx catalyst member 60B). However, in alternative embodiments, other arrangements of the components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 are also possible. Furthermore, for simplicity, the components of one flow path of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 may be similar to those of another flow path. Alternatively, one or more components of the first flow path 22A, or the arrangement of components, may differ from those of the second flow path 22B.

[0038] The DOC member 30 may be configured to have any number of different types of flow-through designs. The DOC member 30 may be configured to oxidize at least some particulate matter in the exhaust (e.g., the soluble organic fraction of soot) and reduce unburned hydrocarbons and CO in the exhaust to compounds that are not harmful to the environment. For example, the DOC member 30 may be configured to reduce the concentrations of hydrocarbons and CO in the exhaust to meet the required emission standards for those components of the exhaust. An indirect consequence of the oxidizing ability of the DOC member 30 is its ability to oxidize NO to NO2. In this way, the level of NO2 exiting the DOC member 30 is equal to the NO2 in the exhaust generated by the engine 20, in addition to the NO2 converted from NO by the DOC member 30.

[0039] In addition to treating hydrocarbon and CO concentrations in the exhaust, the DOC member 30 can also be used for the controlled regeneration of the DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and AMOx catalyst member 60. This can be achieved by injecting or introducing unburned HC into the exhaust upstream of the DOC member 30. Upon contact with the DOC member 30, the unburned HC undergoes an exothermic oxidation reaction that results in an increase in the temperature of the exhaust as it exits the DOC member 30 and subsequently enters the DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and / or AMOx catalyst member 60. The amount of unburned HC added to the exhaust is selected to achieve a desired temperature rise or target controlled regeneration temperature.

[0040] The DPF component 40 may be any of a variety of flow-through designs and is configured to reduce the concentration of particulate matter (e.g., soot and ash) in the exhaust to meet the required emission standards. The DPF component 40 can capture particulate matter and other components and therefore be periodically regenerated to burn the captured components. Furthermore, the DPF component 40 may be configured to oxidize NO to form NO2 independently of the DOC component 30.

[0041] As described above, the SCR system 52 includes a reducing agent supply system. The reducing agent supply system includes a reducing agent source 54, a pump (not shown), and an injector 56 (sometimes referred to as a supply mechanism 56, for example). The reducing agent source 54 may be a container or tank capable of holding a reducing agent. The reducing agent source 54 communicates with a pump to supply the reducing agent, and the pump is configured to pressurize the reducing agent from the reducing agent source 54 through a reducing agent supply line 58 to the supply mechanism 56. The delivery mechanism 56 is located upstream of the SCR catalyst member 50. The supply mechanism 56 is selectively controllable to inject the reducing agent directly into the exhaust flow before it enters the SCR catalyst member 50. As described herein, the controller 100 controls the NO upstream of the SCR system 52. x NO measured by sensor 12 xIt is configured to control the timing and amount of the reducing agent delivered to the exhaust gas, based on the amount of NO. The reducing agent can decompose to produce ammonia. As briefly explained above, ammonia is converted into NO in the presence of the SCR catalyst member 50. x And the response was NO x It reduces NO in the exhaust stream to less harmful emissions such as N2 and H2O. x It contains NO2 and NO. Both NO2 and NO are reduced to N2 and H2O through various chemical reactions driven by the catalytic elements of the SCR catalyst member in the presence of NH3.

[0042] In some embodiments, the controller 100 controls ammonia versus NO x The delivery mechanism 56 is configured to control the supply of the reducing agent according to the ratio (ANR). x Content (for example, engine exhaust NO x As the NO increases, the controller 100 can control the delivery mechanism 56 to increase (or maintain) the amount of reducing agent added to satisfy / satisfy the ANR. x As the content decreases, the controller 100 can control the supply mechanism 56 to decrease (or maintain) the amount of reducing agent added to satisfy the ANR. The controller 100 is configured to disable the ANR to adjust the amount of reducing agent added to the exhaust flow. Decreasing the ANR corresponds to a decrease in the amount of reducing agent added, and increasing the ANR corresponds to an increase in the amount of reducing agent added. For simplicity and for the purposes of the examples herein, NO related to ANR x The amount is the NO at the engine outlet (for example, the NO at the outlet of engine 20). x It can be measured by a sensor. In some other examples, the post-processing system 22 puts NO upstream of the DOC member 30 in the flow path. x Sensor 12 may be included, and these NO x NO from sensor 12 x The measured values ​​can be used to determine the ANR associated with each channel.

[0043] In some embodiments, the SCR catalyst member 50 is a vanadium-based catalyst member, and in other embodiments, the SCR catalyst member is a zeolite-based catalyst member such as a copper-zeolite (Cu-Ze) or iron-zeolite (Fe-Zu) catalyst member. In one typical embodiment, the reducing agent is an aqueous urea solution, and the SCR catalyst member 50 is a zeolite-based catalyst member. In other embodiments, the reducing agent comprises a first reducing agent and a second reducing agent, the first reducing agent being urea, and the second reducing agent being ammonia.

[0044] The AMOx catalyst component 60 may be any of the various flow-through catalyst components configured to react with ammonia to produce mainly nitrogen. As briefly described above, the AMOx catalyst component 60 reacts with NO in the exhaust gas. x It is configured to remove ammonia that has passed through the SCR catalyst member 50 or has emerged without reacting with it. In certain examples, the post-treatment system 22 may be able to operate with or without the AMOx catalyst member. Furthermore, although the AMOx catalyst member 60 is shown as a separate unit from the SCR system 52 in Figure 1, in some embodiments the AMOx catalyst member may be integrated with the SCR catalyst member (for example, the AMOx catalyst member and the SCR catalyst member may be located in the same housing). As referred to herein, the SCR catalyst member 50 and the AMOx catalyst member 60 form the SCR and AMOx system.

[0045] System 10 (for example, post-processing system 22) includes various sensors. For example, post-processing system 22 includes NO x The system includes sensor 12. The post-processing system 22 includes a temperature sensor 14. The post-processing system 22 includes a pressure sensor 16. Sensors can be strategically placed throughout the post-processing system 22, such as upstream of one or more catalysts (e.g., DOC member 30, DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and / or AMOx catalyst member 60), at the location of the catalyst, or downstream of the catalyst. Sensors can be configured to communicate with the controller 100 and monitor the operating status of the system 10. xIt should be understood that pressure, temperature, and various other sensors (oxygen sensors, exhaust component sensors, NH3 sensors) may also be included in the system and placed in various locations.

[0046] As shown in the diagram, NO x The sensor 12 can be positioned upstream and downstream of the catalyst member, which includes the SCR catalyst member 50 or the AMOx catalyst member 60. In this configuration, NO x Sensor 12 receives at least NO from the SCR system 52. x The amount of NO remaining in the exhaust gas or not converted by the SCR system 52 x (For example, NO that has passed through the SCR catalyst member 50 x The amount of NO upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 can be measured. x The difference in quantity represents or corresponds to the conversion efficiency of each flow path. For example, the difference in NO upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50A. x The difference in quantity corresponds to the conversion efficiency of the first flow path 22A. NO between the upstream and downstream sides of the SCR catalyst member 50B. x The difference in the amount corresponds to the conversion efficiency of the second flow path 22B. For simplicity and for the purposes of the examples herein, the exhaust gas flow splitting (mass flow rate) and NO across the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B are not shown. x The content may be similar between the flow paths. Therefore, for simplicity and for the purposes of the examples herein, a relatively high NO was measured downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50. x The content / amount corresponds to a relatively low conversion efficiency and a relatively low NO content measured downstream of the SCR catalyst element 50. x The content corresponds to the relatively high conversion efficiency of each flow path.

[0047] In some configurations, one NO x Sensor 12 detects NO from the engine. x Measure and another NO x Sensor 12 is at the inlet NO of SCR catalyst member 50 x The quantity is measured. This is the NO discharged from the engine by the DOC member 30 / DPF member 40. xIt may oxidize some of the NO, which is emitted from the engine. x The amount is the inlet NO of the SCR catalyst member 50 x This is due to the quantity not being equal to the amount. Therefore, this configuration explains this potential discrepancy. NO leaves SCR catalyst member 50 x The amount is NO downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50. x NO downstream of sensor 12 and / or AMOx catalyst member 60 x NO may be measured by sensor 12. x Sensor 12 (In some embodiments, NO x Sensor 12) is positioned downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 and detects NO in the exhaust gas downstream of the SCR catalyst member (for example, leaving the SCR catalyst member). x It is configured to detect the concentration of NO. x Measurement values ​​from sensor 12 (for example, measured NO x The data shows NO across each flow path of the post-processing system 22. x Used by controller 100 to determine the conversion efficiency. x The conversion efficiency is the NO reduced across one or more components of the post-processing system 22. x Corresponds to the quantity. NO x Sensor 12 is located at the outlet of engine 20, but each NO x The sensor 12 can be installed upstream of each DOC member 30 or DPF member 40 in each flow path.

[0048] In some embodiments, NO x The sensor 12 can be moved from one channel to another, such as from the first channel 22A to the second channel 22B, or from the second channel 22B to the first channel 22A. For simplicity and for the purposes of the examples herein, NO downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 (and / or AMOx catalyst member 60) x Sensor 12 may move from one flow path to another. Multiple NO x In such a configuration where the sensors 12 are arranged in relatively similar positions, the conversion efficiency (for example, NO downstream from the SCR catalyst member 50) is...x (Related to content) may be inaccurately calculated or measured for at least one of the flow paths. For example, the first NO in the first flow path 22A x The sensor is moved to the second flow path 22B (the second NO of the second flow path 22B) x If the sensor is adjacent to the first channel, the conversion efficiency that is expected to be calculated for both channels can only be calculated for the second channel. Therefore, the first NO expected to be in the first channel 22A x The sensor and the second NO, which is expected to be located in the second flow path 22B x Measurement data from the sensor is provided to the controller 100 to determine whether the sensor is misplaced or displaced.

[0049] The temperature sensor 14 is associated with one or more catalyst members. The temperature sensor 14 is strategically positioned to detect the temperature of exhaust gas flowing into the DOC member 30 (e.g., the temperature of the exhaust conduit upstream of the catalyst member), the temperature of exhaust gas flowing out of the DOC member 30 (e.g., the temperature of the exhaust conduit downstream of the catalyst member), the temperature of exhaust gas flowing into another catalyst member (e.g., the temperature of exhaust gas flowing from the DOC member 30 to the DPF member 40), and the temperature of exhaust gas flowing out of the DPF member 40 before the reducing agent is introduced by the feeder 56. In some embodiments, at least one temperature sensor 14 may be configured as part of the catalyst member itself, thereby directly measuring the bed temperature of the catalyst member.

[0050] The EGR system 70 is configured to recirculate exhaust gas to the intake manifold of the engine 20 for combustion. The EGR system 70 comprises an EGR cooler 74 and an EGR valve 76. In some applications, the EGR cooler 74 may be, for example, an air-to-air and / or liquid (e.g., coolant)-to-air (e.g., exhaust) heat exchanger. The EGR cooler 74 is configured to remove heat from the exhaust gas before it is reintroduced into the intake manifold. Removing heat from the exhaust gas before reintroduction is, among other reasons, to prevent high intake air temperatures that could promote premature ignition (e.g., engine knock).

[0051] The illustrated exhaust aftertreatment system 22 includes a DOC member 30, a DPF member 40, an SCR catalyst member 50, and an AMOx catalyst member 60 arranged at specific positions relative to each other along the exhaust flow path. In other embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment system may include two or more of the DOC member 30, DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and AMOx catalyst member 60, arranged at any of several positions relative to each other along the exhaust flow path.

[0052] Figure 1 is also shown to include an operator input / output (I / O) device 120. The operator I / O device 120 is communicatively coupled to the controller 100 so that information can be exchanged between the controller 100 and the I / O device 120. The information exchanged between the controller 100 and the I / O device 120 may relate to one or more components of Figure 1, or to any decisions of the controller 100 disclosed herein. The operator I / O device 120 enables the operator of the vehicle (e.g., a passenger) to communicate with the controller 100 and other components of the vehicle, such as those shown in Figure 1. For example, the operator I / O device 120 may include an interactive display, a touchscreen device, one or more buttons and switches, a voice command receiver, etc. In some cases, the I / O device 120 may be part of the vehicle, including the engine 20 and the after-treatment system 22. In some other cases, the I / O device 120 may be a remote device accessible by the operator, such as via a client device. In some embodiments, the I / O device 120 may be a server that receives data from the vehicle's controller 100.

[0053] The controller 100 is configured to monitor the operation, status, or events within the system 10 (e.g., components of the after-treatment system 22). The controller 100 is configured to at least partially control the operation of the system 10 and associated subsystems, such as the internal combustion engine 20 and the exhaust after-treatment system 22. Communication between components may be via any number of wired or wireless connections. For example, wired connections may include serial cables, fiber optic cables, CAT5 cables, or any other form of wired connection. Wireless connections, on the other hand, may include the Internet, Wi-Fi, cellular, wireless, Bluetooth®, etc. In one embodiment, a controller area network ("CAN") bus provides the exchange of signals, information, and / or data. The CAN bus includes any number of wired and wireless connections. Since the controller 100 is communicatively coupled to the system and components of Figure 1, the controller 100 is configured to receive data from one or more of the components shown in Figure 1. For example, the data may be NO x Data (for example, NO upstream of DOC member 30 or SCR catalyst member 50) x NO inflow from sensor 12 x The amount, and NO downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 x NO leakage from sensor 12 x The data may include input data (e.g., timing and amount of input delivered from the input device 56) and vehicle operation data (e.g., engine speed, vehicle speed, engine temperature, flow rate, etc.) received via one or more sensors. As another example, the data may include input from the operator input / output device 120. Using this data, as will be described more fully herein, the controller 100 monitors the multi-flow path after-processing system 22 to detect NO from one flow path. x Sensor 12 is displaced to a different flow path (for example, the user has at least one NO x Determine whether sensor 12 has been tampered with, and if the conversion efficiency downstream of the SCR system 52 has been incorrectly calculated or NO x Reducing agent slip or NO from the measurement of content xTo minimize slippage, NO x The system detects the misplacement of sensor 12.

[0054] The controller 100 includes a processor, memory, and processing circuits, including various circuits configured to perform the features, functions, or operations described herein. The processor may be implemented as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), a group of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. Memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, hard disk storage, etc.) may store data and / or computer code to facilitate the various processes described herein. Memory may be communicatively connected to the processor and one or more circuits. Memory is configured to provide the processor with computer code or instructions to perform the processes described herein with respect to the controller 100. Furthermore, memory may be, or include, tangible non-temporary volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Thus, memory may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure to support the various activities and information structures described herein.

[0055] The controller 100 includes a communication interface. The communication interface may include any combination of wired and / or wireless interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, wire terminals) for data communication with various systems, devices, or networks configured to enable in-vehicle communication (e.g., between components of the vehicle) and out-of-vehicle communication (e.g., direct communication with a remote computing system). In this regard, in some embodiments, the communication interface includes a network interface. The network interface is used to establish connections with other computing devices over a network. The network interface includes program logic that facilitates the connection of the controller 100 to the network. The network interface includes any combination of wireless network transceivers (e.g., cellular modems, Bluetooth® transceivers, Wi-Fi transceivers) and / or wired network transceivers (e.g., Ethernet® transceivers). In some configurations, the network interface includes sufficient hardware and machine-readable media to support communication over multiple channels of data communication. Furthermore, in some configurations, the network interface includes cryptographic functions for establishing secure or relatively secure communication sessions in which data communicated over the session is encrypted. For example, with respect to external / system communications, the communication interface may include Ethernet® cards and ports for sending and receiving data over an Ethernet®-based communication network, and / or Wi-Fi transceivers for communicating over a wireless communication network. The communication interface may be configured to communicate over a local area network and / or a wide area network (e.g., the Internet), and may use various communication protocols (e.g., IP, LON, Bluetooth®, ZigBee, and wireless, cellular, and short-range wireless communication).Furthermore, the communication interface may operate together with or in conjunction with a telematics unit, if included, to communicate with other vehicles and / or remote computing systems within the fleet.

[0056] The controller 100 is configured to receive inputs (e.g., signals, information, data, etc.) from the components / systems of system 10 and / or the operator I / O devices 120. Thus, the controller 100 is configured to control at least partially the components / systems of system 10 and the associated engine 20. Since the components in Figure 2 can be embodied in a vehicle, the controller 100 may be configured as one or more electronic control units (ECUs). The controller 100 may be separate from or included with at least one of the following: the transmission control unit, exhaust aftertreatment control unit, powertrain control module, engine control module, etc. In some cases, the controller 100 may be a device located away from the vehicle, such as a remote controller configured to control or communicate with one or more components of system 10.

[0057] Referring to Figure 2, an exemplary flowchart of the diagnostic process 200 performed by the controller 100 in Figure 1 is shown. The steps in Figure 2 may be performed by components of system 10 (e.g., controller 100, I / O device 120, post-processing system 22, sensors, etc.), data processing systems, cloud computing environments, or any other computing devices described herein in relation to Figure 1. For example, additional or alternative operations of process 200 may be performed by one or more circuits of controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of process 200 may be performed by remote devices such as remote data processing systems. Some steps of process 200 may include controller 100 receiving data from components of post-processing system 22, such as one or more sensors, and transferring the data to a remote device for processing, or vice versa. Process 200 may include the process outline described in relation to Figure 8.

[0058] In step 202, the controller 100 determines whether one or more activation conditions are met. Among the predetermined conditions, the activation conditions include the engine out NO x This may include at least one of the following: that the desired target value / threshold is met, that the floor temperature of the SCR catalyst member 50 is above the lower limit / threshold, that the rate of change of the floor temperature is above the upper limit / threshold, or that the time interval between multiple trials satisfies a time threshold. x NO is located downstream or at the outlet of engine 20. x NO measured by sensor 12 x Corresponds to the quantity of NO. The trial involves at least one sensor (e.g., NO). x This refers to performing the actions described herein to detect whether the sensor is misplaced. In response to the determination that one or more activation conditions are met, the controller 100 proceeds to step 204.

[0059] In step 204, the controller 100 is configured to determine whether the conversion efficiency (CE) of the flow paths (e.g., the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B) is stable. For example, the controller 100 calculates the standard deviation of the CE of each flow path over a predetermined duration (e.g., 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, etc.). The controller 100 compares the calculated standard deviation to a threshold (e.g., 2%, 4%, 2% to 5%, etc.). If the standard deviations of both flow paths are within the threshold, the controller 100 determines that the CE of the flow paths is stable. In response to this decision, the controller 100 filters the stable CEs monitored during the duration (sometimes called steady-state filtered CEs). Stable CEs refer to CE values ​​monitored over a duration that are within the standard deviation threshold. The controller 100 stores the steady-state filtered CEs in a local memory device or storage. In some cases, the controller 100 stores the filtered CEs in a remote data repository. The stored CE may be at least one of the following: a dataset of CE calculated or monitored during the duration, aggregated CE values ​​(e.g., mean or median), or a range of CE values. In these examples, CE is measured and analyzed, but similar analysis can be performed on various NOs. x NO measured by sensor 12 x It can be executed using a value.

[0060] In step 206, the controller 100 is configured to apply an (interstitial) ANR override to one of the flow paths of the post-treatment system 22. Interstitial ANR overrides include, for example, depletion of reducing agent storage (using a relatively low ANR) or reducing agent slip (using a relatively high ANR), NO xTo obtain a detectable signature in the sensor reading, the ANR value can be reduced to below a predetermined threshold (e.g., less than 0.9 ANR) or increased to above a predetermined threshold (e.g., greater than 1.5 ANR). In some embodiments, intrusive ANR override can refer to increasing or decreasing the ANR value within a specific ANR value range, such as a low ANR range (e.g., 0.1 to 0.9 ANR) or a high ANR range (e.g., 1.5 to 3 ANR). In some embodiments, an ANR range of 1.1 to 1.3 (e.g., at an SCR bed temperature greater than 300°C) can be targeted. Applying an ANR override to one of the flow paths means adjusting the ANR of a particular flow path (e.g., increasing or decreasing it depending on the ANR override configuration), thereby allowing the controller 100 to adjust commands to the SCR system 52 (e.g., delivery mechanism 56) to, for example, satisfy the overridden ANR, or to increase or decrease the amount of reducing agent added accordingly. If the ANR value is relatively high or low, the proportion of the reducing agent is NO x The ANR value increases or decreases with respect to the proportion of NO x This can refer to the ratio of reducing agent compared to [a certain value]. The ANR value used for override may be predefined by the controller 100 administrator or updated according to instructions from the operator I / O device 120. For example, the ANR value of one of the flow paths (e.g., a new target ANR value) can be overridden as 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 2, 3, etc. For example, 0 ANR is 1 ppm NO x ANR refers to 0 ppm of reducing agent, while 0.4 ANR refers to 10 ppm of NO x 4 hits It refers to ppm reducing agents, or 3 ANR is 1 ppm NO x 3 hits This refers to ppm of reducing agent. x If the amount is 10 ppm, then an ANR value of 0.2 corresponds to 10 ppm NO x 2 hits It can accommodate ppm reducing agents. In some embodiments, disabling ANR may include the controller 100 sending a command to the SCR system 52 to stop the addition of reducing agents for a specific duration based on a predetermined ANR disabling value of 0. The duration is changed by a predetermined value. x It can be based on a value, a CE value, or a timer value.

[0061] In some embodiments, the controller 100 disables the ANR for a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 seconds, 20 seconds, etc.). In some other embodiments, the controller 100 overrides the ANR until the CE of the overridden channel reaches a threshold (e.g., a lower threshold in step 208). For example, the controller 100 may be configured to apply a relatively low ANR override value (e.g., 0, 0.1, or other value below a specified threshold) to the first channel 22A (or one of the channels), thereby allowing the post-processing system 22 to identify sensor tampering by detecting a change in the overridden channel (e.g., NO x An increase in readings and / or a decrease in CE values ​​is expected to be observed. The controller 100 monitors the change in CE in the first channel 22A. In step 208, the controller 100 may detect that the CE in the first channel has fallen below a predetermined threshold (for example, 5% or 10% below the stable CE calculated and determined before applying the ANR override) due to a decrease in the amount of reducing agent added according to the ANR override value. In this case, NO related to the first channel 22A x Sensor 12 is located in the first channel 22A, thereby detecting a decrease in CE following a decrease in the input of the reducing agent. Although the first channel 22A was used as an example above, the ANR override may also be applied to the second channel 22B, and the controller 100 can perform the operation described similarly.

[0062] For simplicity, the examples herein provide relatively low ANR override values ​​to be applied to one of the channels. In some other examples, relatively high ANR override values ​​(e.g., 2, 2.5, 3, or other values ​​exceeding a specified threshold) can be applied to one of the channels. In this case, the controller 100 is configured to detect, for example, a potential increase in CE in the overridden channel. Furthermore, for simplicity, the examples herein provide NO associated with (e.g., expected to be on the first channel 22A) the first channel 22A. x Sensor 12 is the first NO x A sensor is provided, and NO is associated with the second flow path. x Sensor 12 is the second NO x We provide sensors.

[0063] Controller 100 controls the NO associated with the overridden flow path. x When the sensor 12 is positioned as desired or expected, a decrease in CE in the overridden flow path can be detected in the scenario. For example, if the first flow path 22A is overridden, the controller 100 will detect the first NO x When the sensor is in the first channel 22A, a decrease in CE in the first channel 22A can be predicted. In another example, if the second channel 22B is overridden, the controller 100 will... x When the sensor is in the first channel 22A, a decrease in CE in the second channel 22B can be predicted.

[0064] In some embodiments, in scenarios where a sensor associated with an overridden flow path is left behind or displaced in another flow path, the controller 100 may not detect a reduction in CE in the overridden flow path. For example, the first NO x The sensor is shifted to the second channel 22B (or the second NO x If the sensor is shifted to the first flow path 22A, the first NO x NO measured by the sensorx The quantity corresponds to the second channel 22B. Therefore, the first NO x The sensor detects NO downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 in the second flow path 22B. x Because it is measuring, the controller 100 may not observe or detect a drop in CE in the first channel 22A. In such cases, the controller 100 is configured to start a timer (e.g., 10 seconds, 20 seconds, etc.) in response to applying an ANR override. If the controller 100 does not detect a CE drop in the overrided channel when the timer expires, the controller 100 may proceed to step 210 or step 214. In certain embodiments, the controller 100 may instead apply an ANR override in another channel to detect a CE drop in that other channel, for example. In response to the timer expiring or a CE meeting a threshold (e.g., CE below the first threshold), the controller 100 may reset the ANR value or remove the ANR override value.

[0065] In step 210, the controller 100 uses comparison logic (e.g., inter-channel comparison logic) to isolate CE changes due to transient changes. The comparison logic can be described in more detail in conjunction with at least one of Figures 3 to 10. For example, in response to the application of an ANR override, the controller 100 isolates each channel (first NO) over a predetermined duration. x Sensor and second NO x The controller 100 monitors or acquires CE data related to the sensor. The controller 100 determines the minimum CE value calculated for each flow path during a predetermined duration. The controller 100 compares the CE values ​​between the flow paths and determines the difference. If the difference is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%), the controller 100 proceeds to step 214. Otherwise, if the difference is less than the predetermined threshold and steps 202-210 are performed as part of a first attempt, the controller 100 may proceed to step 212. In some other cases, the controller 100 may proceed to step 214 during a first attempt.

[0066] In some embodiments, in step 212, the controller 100 is configured to repeat or retry the trial (e.g., initiate a second trial) to verify whether the fault detected in the first trial is accurate or a false positive. For example, in the second trial, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to one of the channels using a similar or different ANR value to that of the first trial. In step 208 of the second trial, the controller 100, as part of the verification process, configures a relatively low threshold (e.g., 10%, 15%, 20%, etc.) for detecting a CE drop on the overridden channel. In response to detecting a drop in CE, the controller 100 resets the ANR and proceeds to step 210. Similar to the first trial, the controller 100 determines the difference between the minimum CE values ​​of the first channel 22A and the second channel 22B.

[0067] In response to the comparison, the controller 100 proceeds to step 214. In step 214, the controller 100 either generates a fault indicator (sets a fault indicating a sensor misplacement) or clears the fault indicator (or stops the diagnostic operation without generating an indicator). For example, if the difference (in the first or second attempt) is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, the controller 100 performs NO x The controller 100 determines that the sensor 12 is in the desired position within the post-processing system 22. If not, and the difference is smaller than a predetermined threshold, the controller 100 determines NO x The controller 100 determines that sensor 12 is not in the desired position within the post-processing system 22. In this case, the controller 100 determines NO x The system is configured to generate a display regarding the misplacement of sensor 12 (for example, to set a fault).

[0068] In various embodiments, the diagnostic process 200 is performed in response to the starting of the engine 20. For example, in response to an engine start event, the controller 100 may perform an action with respect to the first flow path 22A (e.g., an ANR override applied to the first flow path 22A). In response to a second engine start event, the controller 100 may perform an action with respect to the second flow path 22B (e.g., an ANR override applied to the second flow path 22B). In some cases, the controller 100 may perform an action on the first flow path 22A in the first attempt and on the second flow path 22B in the second attempt, or vice versa.

[0069] In some embodiments, the post-treatment system 22 may include an ammonia sensor (not shown) downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 configured to measure the amount of reducing agent that has passed through the SCR system 52. xSimilar to the above operation for detecting misplacement of a sensor, the controller 100 can be configured to detect misplacement of an ammonia sensor. For example, to detect misplacement of an ammonia sensor, the controller 100 monitors the amount of reducing agent downstream of the SCR catalyst member 50 or the supply mechanism 56. The controller 100 determines that the amount of reducing agent is stable (e.g., within a predetermined standard deviation) for at least a predetermined duration. The controller 100 stores data (e.g., value, range, or metric) regarding the stable amount of reducing agent. The controller 100 applies a relatively high ANR override value (e.g., 1.5, 2, 2.5, etc.) in one of the flow paths to detect an increase in the measured reducing agent (e.g., reducing agent slip or supplied reducing agent). In some cases, the controller 100 applies a relatively low ANR override value (e.g., 0, 0.1, 0.5, etc.) in one of the flow paths to detect a decrease in the measured reducing agent. The controller 100 compares the change in reducing agent between the channels (for example, as in the comparison of CE shown in Figures 3-4) to determine whether the ammonia sensor in the overridden or unoverridden channel is incorrectly positioned. In some other embodiments, the controller 100 uses at least partially the measured amount of reducing agent to determine NO x To detect misplaced sensors, the CE of the flow path can be calculated (for example, slippage of the reducing agent can be a factor in determining the CE).

[0070] Referring to Figure 3, an exemplary graph 300 of a healthy after-treatment system during ANR override in the after-treatment system 22 of Figure 1 is shown. In this case, a healthy after-treatment system refers to the after-treatment system 22 having untampered sensors (e.g., sensors associated with each flow path have not been moved to another flow path). Graph 300 shows NO at the outlet of the engine 20. x Engine output NO from sensor 12 xThe graph shows the reading (304), the CE value of the first channel 22A (e.g., the first SCR system 52A) (306), the CE value of the second channel 22B (e.g., the second SCR system 52B) (308), the ANR override activation status of the first channel 22A (e.g., Activated = 1 and Deactivated = 0) (310), and the ANR override activation status of the second channel 22B (312). The data presented in graph 300 may be measured or acquired by various components of system 10, such as being measured by sensors in the post-processing system 22 or acquired by the controller 100. During or after performing an ANR override (e.g., 0.1 ANR for 10 seconds) in the first channel 22A (e.g., a decrease in CE in one channel indicates that the sensor has not been tampered with, but a decrease in CE in the other channel does not indicate that the sensor has not been tampered with, and therefore the NO associated with the second channel 22B) x To detect tampering with sensor 12, controller 100 reduces the amount of reducing agent added (for example, NO to pure nitrogen and water). x In order to reduce the efficiency of the conversion, a decrease in the CE value is detected in the first channel 22A (in part 302). In the second channel 22B, since the ANR override is performed only in the first channel 22A, the second NO x When the sensor is positioned as desired (within the second flow path 22B), the controller 100 may not detect a decrease in the CE value.

[0071] Referring to Figure 4, the tampered sensor (e.g., NO) during ANR override in the post-processing system of Figure 1. x An exemplary graph 400 of a post-processing system 22 having a sensor misplacement is shown. The data presented in graph 400 may be measured or acquired by various components of system 10, such as by sensors in the post-processing system 22 or by controller 100. Similar to graph 300, graph 400 shows NO at the outlet of engine 20. x Engine output NO from sensor 12 xThe graph 400 shows the reading (404), the CE value of the first channel 22A (e.g., the first SCR system 52A) (406), the CE value of the second channel 22B (e.g., the second SCR system 52B) (408), the ANR override enable status of the first channel 22A (e.g., enable=1 and disable=0) (410), and the ANR override enable status of the second channel 22B (412). Graph 400 shows the second NO related to the second channel 22B. x The sensor is either incorrectly positioned or displaced relative to the first channel 22A. As shown in Graph 300, the controller 100 applies an ANR override in the first channel 22A. While or after performing the ANR override, the controller 100 performs the first and second NO x Since the sensor is located in the first channel 22A which has an ANR override, it detects (in part 402) the decrease in the calculated CE value for both the first channel 22A and the second channel 22B. Thus, since the decrease in the CE value is observed in both the first channel 22A and the second channel 22B, the controller 100 detects the first NO associated with the first channel 22A. x The sensor and the second NO associated with the second flow path 22B x The sensor is located in the first flow path 22A (for example, the second NO x The sensor determines that it has been displaced / tampered with.

[0072] The operations performed in Figures 3 and 4 relate to the first channel 22A (e.g., ANR override in the first channel 22A). In Figure 4, the first NO x A decrease in CE is observed when the sensor is located in the first flow path 22A. The tampered system displaces the first NO into the second flow path 22B. x If a sensor is included, the controller 100 may not detect a decrease in the CE value in both channels. In such a case, the ANR override is applied in the first channel 22A, and since no decrease in CE is detected in both channels, the controller 100 does not... xSensor 12 is positioned in the second flow path 22B (first NO x (The sensor has been left behind.) Changes in the CE value are used to detect sensor tampering, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, but the controller 100 does not use NO for sensor tampering detection, as explained in relation to Figures 5 and 6. x Sensor reading (for example, the first NO) x Sensor reading and NO 2 x You may also use the sensor reading directly.

[0073] Referring to Figure 5, the NO in Figure 1 x Graph 500 shows an example of a healthy post-processing system during ANR override in post-processing system 22 using readings. Controller 100 controls the NO of each channel. x Value (NO downstream of SCR catalyst member 50) x It is configured to monitor NO (measured by sensor 12). Graph 500 shows NO at the outlet of engine 20. x Engine output NO from sensor 12 x Reading (504), NO of the first channel 22A x The value (for example, downstream or at the outlet of the first SCR system 52A) (506), NO of the second flow path 22B x The values ​​(e.g., downstream or at the outlet of the second SCR system 52B) (508), the enabled status of the ANR override for the first channel 22A (e.g., enabled = 1 and disabled = 0) (510), and the enabled status of the ANR override for the second channel 22B (512) are shown. As described herein, the monitored NO x The characteristics or behavior of the value may be opposite to that of the CE value during or after the ANR override. For example, in part 502, controller 100 may apply an ANR override for a specific duration (e.g., 0.1 ANR over 10 seconds). The ANR override is NO x This can cause spikes in sensor readings (for example, while observing a decrease in the CE value, NO x(Increase the value). In this case, controller 100 is NO x Changes in value (for example, NO x To monitor the increase in value, apply an ANR override to one channel (e.g., the first channel 22A). x If spikes in readings occur only for the overridden flow path, controller 100 will NO x It is determined that the sensor 12 is positioned in the desired flow path, as shown in graph 500.

[0074] Referring to Figure 6, the NO in Figure 1 x Tampered sensors during ANR override in a post-processing system that uses values ​​(e.g., NO x An exemplary graph 600 of a post-processing system 22 having a misplaced sensor is shown. Similar types of data as in Figures 3-5 can be shown in graph 600, for example, NO at the outlet of engine 20. x Engine output NO from sensor 12 x Reading (604), NO of the first flow path 22A (e.g., downstream or outlet of the first SCR system 52A) x Value (606), NO of the second flow path 22B (e.g., downstream or outlet of the second SCR system 52B) x The values ​​are (608), the enabled status of the ANR override for the first channel 22A (e.g., enabled=1 and disabled=0) (610), and the enabled status of the ANR override for the second channel 22B (612), etc. In this case, graph 600 shows the NO from the second channel 22B. x NO when sensor 12 is displaced into the first flow path 22A x The following is illustrative data representing the sensor readings. As shown in section 602, NO x If a spike or increase in value (e.g., exceeding a threshold) occurs in both channels (or not in either channel), the controller 100 will NO xIt is determined that at least one of the sensors 12 is displaced. The overridden flow path is the first flow path 22A, and since spikes occur in both flow paths, the controller 100 determines the second NO associated with the second flow path 22B x The sensor detects NO in the overridden flow path. x The first NO representing sensor 12 x Since it outputs the same reading as the sensor, the second NO x The sensor determines that it has been displaced into the first flow path 22A. Various operations, features, or techniques performed using the CE value are NO. x To detect sensor displacement / tampering, NO x Sensor readings (for example, NO downstream or at the outlet of the SCR catalyst member 50 in each flow path) x This can be done similarly (additionally or alternatively) using the readings of .

[0075] In the various embodiments discussed herein, the calculated CE value or measured NO of a particular flow path is x The value represents the actual CE of the SCR catalyst member 50 or the actual NO crossing a specific flow path. x The content may or may not be shown (for example, NO related to one of the flow paths). x The feedback from sensor 12 is the actual tailpipe number for each flow path. x (This does not need to be addressed.) The calculated CE value or measured NO of a specific flow path. x The values ​​are the first NOs that are expected to be placed in the first channel 22A and the second channel 22B, respectively. x Sensor and second NO x NO sensors etc. x This concerns sensor 12.

[0076] Referring to Figure 7, an exemplary process flow diagram of Method 700 for detecting sensor tampering in the post-processing system of Figure 1 is shown. The processes, operations, or steps in Figure 7 may be performed, operated, or executed by components of System 10, a data processing system, a cloud computing environment, or any other computing device described herein in conjunction with Figures 1 to 6 (e.g., controller 100, I / O device 120, post-processing system 22, sensor, etc.). For example, additional or alternative operations of Method 700 may be performed by one or more circuits of Controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of Method 700 may be performed by a remote device such as a remote data processing system. Method 700 uses NO (instead of CE values, for example, as described in conjunction with at least one of Figures 2 and 8). x The method may include a process for detecting sensor tampering by monitoring values. Specific operations of method 700 can be performed in the same manner as those described in relation to Figure 2.

[0077] In step 702, the controller 100 is configured to determine whether one or more activation conditions are met. One or more activation conditions may be met in response to the floor temperature of one or both of the SCR systems 52 (e.g., SCR catalyst members 50) of the first SCR system 52A and the second SCR system 52B being above a predetermined threshold.

[0078] One or more activation conditions are that at least one of the first flow path 22A or the second flow path 22B is an engine output NO. x This can be satisfied in response to a value being above a predetermined threshold. NO from the engine x The value is that among the other components of each flow path (e.g., SCR catalyst member 50), at least one NO located at the outlet or downstream of the engine 20, or upstream of the DOC member 30. xThe temperature is measured by the sensor 12. A predetermined threshold can be configured, for example, by the administrator of the controller 100, or according to configuration information from the operator I / O device 120. In some embodiments, one or more activation conditions may include the time between each attempt (e.g., between attempts performing the operations discussed herein) to detect the rate of change of the floor temperature of the SCR system 52 and / or the mispositioning of the sensor. In some embodiments, the activation conditions may include additional or other activation conditions other than those described above.

[0079] In step 704, the controller 100 is configured to supply a reducing agent to the first SCR system 52A and the second SCR system 52B. The controller 100 starts supplying the reducing agent in response to the fulfillment of one or more activation conditions. The controller 100 commands the first dispenser (e.g., supply mechanism 56A) in the first channel 22A to supply the reducing agent to the first SCR system 52A. The controller 100 commands the second dispenser (e.g., supply mechanism 56B) in the second channel 22B to supply the reducing agent to the second SCR system 52B.

[0080] In some embodiments, the initial reducing agent injection operation is performed before considering one or more activation conditions. For example, after starting the engine 20, the controller 100 may instruct the injection unit to inject the reducing agent into the first SCR system 52A and the second SCR system 52B. The controller 100 then proceeds, for example, to step 706, to determine whether one or more activation conditions are met.

[0081] In step 706, in response to the addition of the reducing agent in step 704, the controller 100 controls the first NO x Value and second NO x The controller 100 is configured to determine a value (which may be a first CE value or a second CE value as an alternative). x Sensor (for example, NO of the first flow path 22A) x Related to, or NOx NO is expected to be measured. x The first NO according to the reading or measurement from sensor 12) x Determine the value. Controller 100 determines the second NO x Sensor (for example, NO of the second flow path 22B) x NO related to or expected to measure it x According to the reading from sensor 12), the second NO x Determine the values. 1st and 2nd NO x The values ​​are NO at the outlets of the first SCR system 52A and the second SCR system 52B, respectively. x This represents the amount of NO measured in step 706. x The values ​​are used to determine the steady state CE of the first SCR and the second SCR. For example, controller 100 controls the first and second NO x Sensor NO x The controller 100 detects that the sensor reading is within a predetermined standard deviation (e.g., 2%, 3%, etc.) for at least a predetermined duration. x The sensor readings (e.g., average, median, etc.) are aggregated. x Based on the sensor readings, the controller 100, for example, the first NO x Value and second NO x Determine the value. In some cases, the controller 100 determines the highest and / or lowest NO for each flow path. x The readings are converted to the first and second NO. x To be used as a value. After applying the ANR override, controller 100 will use other NO x The first and second NOs are used for comparison with the values. x It is configured to store values.

[0082] In some embodiments, the controller 100 controls the first and second NO xIt is determined whether the value has reached a first predetermined threshold. The predetermined threshold may indicate a steady-state condition. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold is the NO previously determined in the first SCR and the second SCR, respectively. x From the value, or the specified NO within a given period (e.g., 2 minutes) x From the value, the first NO measured in step 706 x Value and second NO x It may also be the standard deviation of each value. Controller 100 controls the first and second NO x In response to the value reaching a predetermined threshold, the process proceeds to step 708.

[0083] In step 708, the controller 100, for example, the first NO x Value and second NO x The controller 100 is configured to adjust the supply of the first SCR system 50A over a period of time (e.g., a first period) in response to a value reaching a first predetermined threshold indicating a steady-state condition. In some other embodiments, the controller 100 is configured to adjust the supply of the second SCR system 50B instead of the first SCR system 50A. For the purposes of the examples herein, the controller 100 sends a command to the first injector to adjust the supply for the first SCR system 50A. In this case, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to the first flow path. The controller 100 adjusts the amount of reducing agent supplied to satisfy the ANR override value. In some embodiments, the ANR override value may be 0, and as a result, the controller 100 is configured to stop the supply of reducing agent to the first SCR system 50A, for example.

[0084] In some cases, the period for adjusting the reducing agent input (or applying an ANR override) can be predefined by the administrator. In some other cases, the period is the first NO xThis is based on the time it takes for the value to change by a predetermined percentage or amount, such as 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%. In this case, in the first attempt to detect a sensor misplacement, the controller 100 configures or sets a relatively low percentage (e.g., 5%) compared to a second attempt (e.g., 10%, 15%).

[0085] In step 710, the controller 100 controls the third NO x Value and the 4th NO x It is configured to measure a value. For example, at the end of another period (e.g., a second period different from the first period) after adjusting the operation of the first SCR system 52A, the controller 100 measures the first NO x According to the reading from the sensor, the third NO of the first SCR system 52A x Measure the value and the second NO x According to the reading from the sensor, the fourth NO of the second SCR system 52B x The value is measured. The second period may be an extension of the first period. Since some amount of reducing agent may remain in the SCR system storage after adjusting the input of the reducing agent, the second period is used or set taking into account the reducing agent storage of the SCR system 52. In such cases, the spike (NO x (If the value is negative) or decrease (if the CE value is negative), or NO x Other changes in the characteristics of the sensor readings may not be detected for at least a certain amount of time after adjusting the reducing agent input.

[0086] In some embodiments, the third and fourth NO x The values ​​are the first and second NOs during the period (e.g., the first and / or second period). x The highest NO measured by the sensor x It can represent a value. In some cases, the third and fourth NO x The value may represent the average, median, or other values ​​of the measurements taken during the period.

[0087] In step 712, controller 100, NOx It is configured to determine the difference between values. For example, controller 100 determines the third NO x Value and the first NO x Determine the first difference between the value and the value. The controller determines the fourth NO. x Value and second NO x Determine the second difference between the values. The difference (for example, between the first and second) is the NO before and after applying the ANR override, or before and after adjusting the reducing agent input. x This represents the change or deviation in the sensor reading.

[0088] In step 714, the controller 100 controls the first NO x The controller 100 is configured to generate an indicator of whether the sensor is incorrectly positioned. The controller 100 generates a first NO according to the first difference and the second difference. x The system is configured to determine whether the sensor is installed incorrectly. For example, the controller 100 determines if the first difference is a predetermined threshold (e.g., NO x In response to the second difference being greater than the maximum or upper limit of the amount or percentage of the first NO, and the second difference being less than a predetermined threshold, the first NO x It is determined that the sensors are not misplaced. In this case, the first and second NO x The readings from the sensors are within the expected range when positioned at the desired location (e.g., their associated flow paths).

[0089] In some embodiments, the controller 100 determines a first difference between a first CE value calculated before the ANR override and a third CE value calculated during or after the ANR override. The controller 100 determines a second difference between a second CE value calculated before the ANR override and a fourth CE value calculated during or after the ANR override. The first and third CE values ​​are the first NO x The second and fourth CE values ​​are calculated using readings from the sensor, and the second NO is calculated using the second NO. xIt is calculated using readings from the sensor. The controller 100, in response to the first difference being less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., the lower limit of the CE value) and the second difference being greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, calculates the second NO x The system determines that the sensors are not misplaced.

[0090] In some embodiments, the controller 100, in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold (e.g., a lower limit or threshold for the amount or percentage of the difference), generates a second NO x It is determined that the sensor is not misplaced. In some embodiments, the controller 100 determines that the first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold (the first NO in response to the change in reducing agent input). x (Sensor readings are shown), in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is smaller than another predetermined threshold, the first NO x The sensor is determined to be misplaced. In this case, the first difference and the second difference are similar to each other (for example, the two differences are below the threshold), so the controller 100 determines the first NO x Sensor and second NO x It is determined that the sensor is in a similar position (for example, the first flow path 22A). Therefore, the controller 100 is configured to generate an indicator that the sensor is misplaced.

[0091] In various embodiments, for example, by adjusting the introduction of the reducing agent to the second SCR system 52B instead of the first SCR system 52A, or based on the absence of spikes or drops in both channels after adjusting the introduction of the reducing agent to the first SCR system 52A, the first NO x A similar operation can be performed to determine whether the sensor is incorrectly positioned. Therefore, the controller 100 performs a first NO x Sensor (or other NO in other fluid pathways) xThe system is configured to perform similar operations to detect if a sensor is misplaced or tampered with. In various configurations, the operation, techniques, or features of Method 700 can be described in more detail in conjunction with Figure 6.

[0092] Figure 8 is an exemplary process flow diagram of Method 800 for performing the exemplary sensor tampering detection shown in Figure 7. The processes, operations, or steps in Figure 8 may be performed, operated, or executed by components of System 10, a data processing system, a cloud computing environment, or any other computing device described herein in relation to Figures 1 to 7 (e.g., Controller 100, I / O device 120, post-processing system 22, sensor, etc.). For example, additional or alternative operations of Method 800 may be performed by one or more circuits of Controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of Method 800 may be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system. In various embodiments, Method 800 may represent a set of instructions or steps performed by one or more components of System 10 or other devices. Method 800 may include at least the same or additional processes as those described in relation to Figure 2.

[0093] In step 802, the controller 100 initiates a diagnostic process to detect misplacement of sensors. The controller 100 may initiate the diagnostic process in response to starting the engine 20 (e.g., turning the key "ON"). The controller 100 sets / resets variables that have been set to their defaults. For example, the controller 100 sets the fault count variable and the pass count variable to zero.

[0094] In step 804, the controller 100 determines whether one or more activation conditions are met. In this case, the activation conditions are the floor temperature of the SCR system 52 (or SCR catalyst member 50) in each flow path and the engine output NO x This includes: the floor temperature is above a predetermined temperature threshold, and NO is emitted from the engine.x is the specified NO x If the threshold is exceeded, the controller 100 proceeds to step 806. Otherwise, the controller 100 continues to monitor the enable conditions until the enable conditions are met. The controller 100 monitors temperature fluctuations, the rate of temperature change, or engine out NO. x And so on.

[0095] In step 806, in response to the activation conditions being met, the controller 100 determines whether the calculated CE value for the channel exceeds a specific CE threshold (e.g., 80%, 90%, 95%) and / or whether the monitored (calculated) CE of the channel is relatively stable (e.g., the standard deviation of the CE values ​​measured over a predetermined duration is less than a predetermined threshold such as 2%, 3%). The CE value and / or the standard deviation of the CE values ​​may be part of the activation conditions. If the CE value is greater than or equal to the CE threshold and / or the standard deviation of the CE values ​​over a predetermined duration is less than the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 proceeds to step 808. Otherwise, if at least one or both of these conditions are not met, the controller 100 returns to step 804 or continues to monitor the CE of each channel.

[0096] In some embodiments, the controller 100 uses the NO value of each channel instead of the CE value. x Monitor sensor readings. NO x The sensor reading is located at at least one outlet of the first SCR system 52A and / or the second SCR system 52B. x This can be from sensor 12. In this case, controller 100 will determine the NO of each channel measured over a predetermined duration. x Whether the value is within a predetermined standard deviation threshold, and / or the NO of each channel x The value is NO x Determine whether the value is above a threshold and proceed to step 808, or repeat at least one of step 804 or 806.

[0097] In step 808, the controller 100 calculates the CE value (or NO) for each flow path during the steady-state window. x The controller 100 obtains a sample of the value. For each flow path, the controller obtains at least one CE value (or NO) during the steady-state window. x The controller 100 determines the CE values ​​(e.g., mean, median, etc.). The controller 100 stores the CE values ​​of the first flow path 22A and the second flow path 22B in memory. For example, the first CE value is calculated for the first flow path 22A, and the second CE value is calculated for the second flow path 22B.

[0098] In step 810, the controller 100 overrides the ANR for one of the channels. For the purpose of providing an example herein, the controller 100 overrides the ANR for the first channel 22A. By disabling the ANR, the controller 100 is configured to send a command to the injector (e.g., the first injector) to adjust the amount of reducing agent being added. In some cases, the controller 100 is configured to adjust the amount of reducing agent being added to the SCR system 52. In response to applying the ANR override, the controller 100 is configured to start an ANR monitoring timeout window (e.g., the first period). In some cases, the ANR monitoring timeout window is started when the monitored CE value falls below a predetermined percentage (or NO), such as 5%, 10%, etc. x The value is based on or corresponds to the time (when it exceeds that value). In some other cases, the ANR monitoring timeout window may be a predefined duration. Controller 100 is configured to reset the ANR override or restart reducing agent input at the end of the first period.

[0099] In step 812, the controller 100 determines whether a spike detection window has started. A spike detection window (for example, a second time period) can start in response to an ANR monitoring timeout window. For example, a spike detection window can start at the end of the first period. If the second period has started, the controller 100 proceeds to step 814. Otherwise, the controller 100 remains in step 812 until the first period ends, for example, to start the second period. The controller 100 is configured to detect any spikes in the first channel 22A or the second channel 22B during or at the end of the second period.

[0100] During the second period, the controller 100 controls the NO of each SCR system 52. x Determine at least one of the values ​​or CE values. For example, after the end of the second period, the controller 100 determines the third NO of the first SCR system 52A. x Value and the fourth NO of the second SCR system 52B x The values ​​can be determined. In another example, the controller 100 can determine, depending on the configuration of the controller 100, a third CE value for the first SCR system 52A and a fourth CE value for the second SCR system 52B after the end of the second period.

[0101] Furthermore, the controller 100 obtains the value of the first channel 22A before and after the ANR override (for example, NO x The system is configured to determine a first difference between the values ​​(or CE values) and a second difference between the values ​​of the second channel 22B obtained before and after the ANR override (applied to the first channel 22A). The first and second differences are used to determine, respectively, whether the spike was detected in the first channel 22A or the second channel 22B. The difference may be in terms of a percentage or a quantity.

[0102] In step 814, the controller 100 determines whether spikes have been detected for both channels within the spike detection window (e.g., spike detection within the second period). For example, the controller 100 compares the first difference and the second difference to a predetermined threshold (e.g., 5%, 10%, 15%, or other percentage difference). If the first and second differences associated with the first channel 22A and the second channel 22B, respectively, exceed the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 determines that spikes have been detected for both channels (proceed to step 820). If at least one of the first difference and / or the second difference does not exceed the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 determines that no spikes have been detected in either channel (proceed to step 816).

[0103] In step 816, either over the second period or at the end, the controller 100 determines whether a spike was detected in the overridden channel (e.g., the first channel 22A in this example) but not in the other channels. If a spike is detected in the first channel 22A but not in the second channel 22B, the controller 100 determines the first NO x Sensor and second NO x The sensor is precisely positioned within the first channel 22A and the second channel 22B. In this case, the controller 100 proceeds to step 822. If no spikes are detected in either channel, the controller 100 proceeds to step 818.

[0104] In step 818, the controller 100 determines whether the second period has ended (for example, the spike detection window has ended). If the second period has ended without the controller 100 detecting any spikes, the controller 100 proceeds to step 828. Otherwise, the controller 100 proceeds to step 3 and 4 NO x The values ​​or CE values ​​are continuously monitored to determine or update the first and second differences for potentially detecting spikes (for example, returning to step 814).

[0105] In step 820, in response to the detection of spikes in both channels, the controller 100 determines whether the difference between the peaks (or bottoms) of the spikes in each channel is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold (e.g., a percentage or difference in quantity). For example, the third NO x The value or the third CE value can represent the peak or bottom of the spike in the first flow path 22A, respectively. x The value or the fourth CE value can represent the peak or bottom of the spike in the second channel 22B, respectively. The controller 100 compares the peaks or bottoms between the channels and determines the difference. If this difference is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold (e.g., minimum difference threshold), the controller 100 proceeds to step 822. Otherwise, the controller 100 proceeds to step 828.

[0106] In step 822, controller 100, NO x It is determined that sensor 12 is positioned at the desired or expected location. Therefore, controller 100 sets the pass count variable to 1 and / or clears the fault. In this case, the fault is NO when applying the sensor tampering detection operation. x This may include notifying the administrator that tampering with sensor 12 has been detected. In response to triggering a fault, a display (e.g., visual, audible, or haptic feedback) may be presented to the operator of system 10. In step 824, the controller 100 determines whether or not engine 20 has been stopped. The controller 100 may wait until engine 20 is turned off until proceeding to step 826. In step 826, the controller 100 is configured to perform a diagnostic process for the other flow path (e.g., second flow path 22B), such as disabling the ANR of the other flow path.

[0107] In step 828, after the expiration of the second period, in response to the peak difference between the channels being less than a predetermined threshold, or the absence of spikes in either channel, the controller 100 increments the fault count variable. For the first trial in the diagnostic process, the fault count variable is incremented to 1. For the second trial in the diagnostic process, if the controller 100 reaches this step, the fault count variable is incremented to 0 (e.g., a binary variable) or 2.

[0108] In step 830, the controller 100 determines whether the fault count variable is 1 or not. If the fault count is 1, the controller 100 proceeds to step 832. Otherwise, the controller 100 proceeds to step 834.

[0109] In step 832, the controller 100 may wait for a certain period of time (e.g., a time delay / gap between trials) to start a second trial. In response that the time between trials exceeds a predetermined threshold, the controller 100 returns to step 804 to execute another trial. In the second attempt, the controller 100 NO x Another predetermined threshold for increasing the value or decreasing CE (e.g., from 5% to 10% or 15%) can be adjusted or set. After performing the second trial, when the controller 100 reaches step 828, the fault count is incremented to 0. Thus, the controller 100 proceeds to step 830, and then to step 834.

[0110] In step 834, the controller 100 generates, sets, and / or latches fault indicators in response to multiple diagnostic processes. In this case, the controller 100 performs a second NO x The sensor is incorrectly positioned (or the first NO when the diagnosis is performed for the second flow path 22B) x It can generate an indicator that the sensor is incorrectly positioned.

[0111] In step 836, the controller 100 determines whether the engine 20 is stopped or not. If the engine 20 is stopped, the controller 100 proceeds to step 838. In step 838, the controller 100 can perform a diagnosis on the same path. For example, the controller 100 can perform a diagnosis on the same path (when the activation condition is met) and determine NO x It is possible to determine whether the sensor 12 is still incorrectly positioned.

[0112] Referring to Figure 9, an exemplary graph 900 is shown illustrating a first diagnostic case in which the methods of Figures 7 and 8 are performed. Graph 900 shows NO at the outlet or downstream of engine 20. x Engine output NO measured by sensor 12 x (908), the floor temperature of the first SCR system 52A in the first channel 22A (910), the floor temperature of the second SCR system 52B in the second channel 22B (912), the CE value associated with the first SCR system 52A (914), and the CE value associated with the second SCR system 52B (916). In this example, the controller 100 controls NO on the second channel 22B. xTo determine whether sensor 12 is misplaced, an ANR override is applied to the first channel 22A (e.g., a diagnostic is applied to the first channel 22A). As shown in part 902, the controller 100 can determine whether activation conditions such as the floor temperature of the SCR system 52 and / or the CE values ​​associated with the SCR system 52 are met. In response to the determination that the activation conditions are met, the controller 100 can initiate a first trial of the sensor tampering detection procedure. For example, the controller 100 monitors the CE values ​​of the channels to identify when the CE values ​​are considered stable (e.g., the CE values ​​of the channels are within a standard deviation threshold). If the CE values ​​are considered stable in a time instance (904), the controller 100 may, as part of the first trial, acquire and store the CE values ​​during the stable period (e.g., the first CE value of the first channel 22A and the second CE value of the second channel 22B). Subsequently, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to one of the channels, such as the first channel 22A in this example, for at least a first period. The controller 100 can monitor the changes in the CE values ​​of both channels during a second period (as shown in part (906)). In this case, the controller 100 can determine a third CE value for the first channel 22A and a fourth CE value for the second channel 22B during or after applying the ANR override. The third and fourth CE values ​​may, for example, represent the lowest CE values ​​in each channel.

[0113] Controller 100 calculates a first difference between a first CE value and a third CE value, which represents the change in CE of the first SCR system 52A during or after ANR override. Controller 100 calculates a second difference between a second CE value and a fourth CE value, which represents the change in CE of the second SCR system 52B during or after ANR override. As shown in Graph 900, Controller 100 detects a decrease in CE of the first channel 22A (e.g., the first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold) without a decrease in CE of the second channel 22B (e.g., the second difference is less than a predetermined threshold). Since the decrease in CE occurred for the overridden channel and not for the unoverridden channel (e.g., the channel without ANR override), Controller 100 determines the NO associated with the channel. x The system determines that the sensor 12 is correctly positioned (for example, not tampered with or displaced).

[0114] Referring to Figure 10, an exemplary graph 1000 is shown illustrating a second diagnostic case in which the methods of Figures 7 and 8 are performed. Graph 1000 may include similar types of data in relation to Figure 9. For example, graph 1000 may include engine out NO x (1012), the floor temperature of the first SCR system 52A (1014), the floor temperature of the second SCR system 52B (1016), the CE value associated with the first SCR system 52A (1018), and the CE value associated with the second SCR system 52B (1020) are shown. In this example, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to the first flow path 22A. The various operations described in Figure 10 can be similarly described in conjunction with at least Figure 9.

[0115] In part 1002, the controller 100 has one or more activation conditions (for example, in this case, engine out NO x ) However, the engine is out NO xIt is determined that thresholds such as the activation threshold are not met. In this case, the controller 100 discontinues the attempt to detect sensor tampering. As part of the activation conditions, the controller 100 may wait for at least a predetermined duration to perform another attempt (retry attempt) in section 1004. In section 1004, the controller 100 monitors the steady-state period of the CE values ​​associated with the first channel 22A and the second channel 22B. In response to determining that the CE values ​​have been stable for a predetermined duration, in (1008), the controller 100 applies an ANR override for a first period, as described at least in relation to Figure 9, and monitors the change in the CE values ​​in a second period. In this case, the controller 100 determines that the third CE value of the first channel 22A and the fourth CE value of the second channel 22B are below predetermined thresholds, and the first NO x Sensor and second NO x This can indicate that sensors may be located in the same flow path (for example, capturing similar data).

[0116] To confirm the attempt in section 1004, the controller 100 initiates a second attempt in section 1006. A steady-state period can be detected in (1010). In any subsequent attempts to confirm the detected tampering of the sensor, the controller 100 may apply a relatively low or relatively high ANR override to the same channel (e.g., reducing from 0.4 ANR to 0.1 ANR, increasing from 1.5 ANR to 2 ANR, or stopping the injection of reducing agent for a relatively long duration). A similar procedure from the first attempt to detect sensor tampering can be performed for the second attempt. In this case, the controller 100 determines that the decrease in the CE value of the first channel 22A (e.g., the overridden channel) falls below a predetermined threshold. Furthermore, the controller 100 determines that the difference between the first difference and the second difference (or the third CE value and the fourth CE value) is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, which is NO x Sensor 12 in different flow paths NO xIt can be shown that the measurement is being performed. Therefore, in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold, the controller 100 sets the second NO x Since no decrease in the CE value is observed from the sensor reading, the second NO x determines that the sensor has not been displaced.

[0117] Referring to FIG. 11, an exemplary graph 1100 is shown that depicts a third diagnostic case that executes the methods of FIGS. 7 and 8. Graph 1100 depicts data of a similar type in conjunction with at least one of FIGS. 9 - 10. For example, graph 1100 depicts engine out NO x (1108), the bed temperature of the first SCR system 52A (1110), the bed temperature of the second SCR system 52B (1112), the CE value associated with the first SCR system 52A (1114), and the CE value associated with the second SCR system 52B (1116). In this example, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to the first flow path 22A and the second NO x sensor is moved to the first flow path 22A. The various operations described in FIG. 11 may be similarly described in conjunction with at least FIGS. 9 and FIG. 10.

[0118] In part 1102, the controller 100 detects that the CE value is stable at (1008) and applies an ANR override in response to the detection of a stable window. The controller 100 disables the ANR for a first period (or stops the first injector from supplying the reducing agent to the first SCR system 52A). As shown in the figure, the first period is based on the time during which the CE of the first channel 22A falls below a predetermined threshold, such as 5%, in the first trial (e.g., the decrease in CE is greater than the predetermined threshold). The controller 100 may reset or remove the ANR override in response to the CE value of the overridden channel reaching a predetermined CE drop threshold. As shown in Figure 9 and / or at least one of Figure 10, the controller 100 determines a first difference between a first CE value and a third CE value of the first channel 22A, and a second difference between a second CE value and a fourth CE value of the second channel 22B (e.g., CE values ​​before and after the ANR override). In this case, the controller 100 determines that the difference between the first difference and the second difference is less than a predetermined threshold, and indicates that tampering with the sensor has been detected.

[0119] To verify the results of the first trial, the controller 100 performs a second trial in section 1104. In the second trial, the same procedure as the previous trial may be performed, but a relatively lower ANR value is used (or the introduction of the reducing agent is stopped for a relatively longer period). Using a relatively lower ANR value, the controller 100 is configured to adjust the introduction of the first channel 22A for a relatively longer duration or by a larger amount compared to the first trial. For example, as shown in the figure, the controller 100 may apply an ANR override over a third period based on the fact that the CE of the first channel 22A falls below a relatively low predetermined threshold, such as 10%, in the second trial. In this case, at the end of the fourth period after adjusting the introduction for the third period, the controller 100 also detects a result similar to the first trial. For example, the controller 100 detects a CE drop on the first channel 22A that is greater than a predetermined CE drop threshold. Furthermore, the controller 100 also detects the NO of the first channel 22A in the second trial.x the third difference calculated for the value and (in the second trial, NO of the second flow path 22B x If the difference between the fourth difference calculated for the value and the third difference is smaller than a predetermined difference threshold value, it is determined that the difference between the third difference and the fourth difference is smaller than the predetermined difference threshold value in both attempts. Therefore, the controller 100 determines that the NO of the second x Since the reading value from the sensor is aligned with the reading value from the first NO of the sensor used to calculate the CE value x sensor, it is determined that the second NO x sensor is displaced within the first flow path 22A.

[0120] Referring to FIG. 12, another exemplary graph 1200 is shown that illustrates a fourth diagnostic case in which the methods of FIGS. 7 and 8 are performed. The graph 1200 shows data of the same type in combination with at least one of FIGS. 9-11. For example, the graph 1200 shows engine out NO x (1208), the bed temperature of the first SCR system 52A (1210), the bed temperature of the second SCR system 52B (1212), the CE value related to the first SCR system 52A (1214), and the CE value related to the second SCR system 52B (1216). In this example, the controller 100 applies an ANR override to the first flow path 22A, and the first NO x sensor is moved to the second flow path 22B. The various operations described in FIG. 12 can be similarly described in combination with at least one of FIGS. 9-11.

[0121] In portion 1202, the controller 100 detects that the CE value is stable (1206) after satisfying one or more activation conditions. In (1206), the controller 100 applies an ANR override in response to detecting the stable window. The controller 100 deactivates ANR (or stops the first injector from injecting the reducing agent into the first SCR system 52A) for a certain period. In this case, the first NO xSince the sensor is located in the second channel 22B, the controller 100 may not detect a decrease in the CE value from the first channel 22A. Therefore, after a preset expiration time for ANR override, the controller 100 can determine a first difference (e.g., CE before and after ANR override) between the first CE value and the third CE value of the first channel 22A. In this case, the controller 100 determines that the first difference is less than a predetermined threshold. Following the first attempt, the controller 100 determines that no decrease in the CE value is observed for the overridden channel, and therefore the first NO x It is determined that the sensor can be displaced into the second flow path 22B.

[0122] In the second attempt in section 1204, the same procedure as in the first attempt can be followed. In some cases, for the second attempt, the controller 100 may apply a different ANR value (e.g., a relatively low ANR value) or set a different expiration timer for the ANR override. As shown in graph 1200, similar to the first attempt, the controller 100 determines that the first difference between the first CE value obtained within the steady-state window and the third CE value obtained during or after the ANR override (e.g., within the second period) is less than a predetermined threshold after the ANR override timer expires. Thus, the first NO x The reading from the sensor indicates the expected NO in the overridden flow path. x Since it does not reflect the amount of (and CE), the controller 100 detects the potential NO from the first channel 22A to the second channel 22B. x It can detect the displacement of the sensor.

[0123] In some embodiments, in response to determining that the CE value associated with the overridden flow path does not fall below a predetermined CE drop threshold, the controller 100 may perform an ANR override on a different flow path (e.g., a second flow path 22B instead of the first flow path 22A). The controller 100 may switch the ANR override flow path, for example, after a first trial, a second trial, or the next engine start event. In some cases, the controller 100 may perform an ANR override on the same flow path after the next engine start event. In this case, if the characteristics of the CE value remain the same (e.g., CE drops below a predetermined threshold, or the difference between the first difference and the second difference falls below a predetermined difference threshold), the controller 100 may perform an ANR override on the NO associated with the overridden flow path. x When sensor 12 is displaced into a flow path that is not overridden, NO is detected as it crosses the post-processing system 22. x The expected change in content is associated with the overridden flow path. x NO from the sensor x It can be determined that the reading will not be reflected in the value.

[0124] III. Construction of Exemplary Embodiments This specification includes many specific implementation details, which should not be interpreted as limitations on the scope of what is claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments. Certain features described herein in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation form may be implemented separately in multiple embodiments or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, features may be described as acting in a particular combination, and may even be initially claimed as such, but one or more features from a claimed combination may, in some cases, be removed from that combination, and the claimed combination may cover subcombinations or variations of subcombinations.

[0125] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “generally,” “approximately,” and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with the general and acceptable use by those skilled in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure relates. It should be understood by those skilled in the art considering this disclosure that these terms are intended to enable the description of specific features described and claimed without limiting the scope of those features to the exact numerical range provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that a non-substantially or insignificant modification or alteration of the subject matter described and claimed is considered to fall within the scope of the invention as described in the appended claims.

[0126] As used herein, terms such as “joined” mean joining two components directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or movable (e.g., detachable or detachable). Such joining may be achieved by attaching two components, or two components and any additional intermediate components, to each other, in a manner in which they are integrally formed as a single, unified body.

[0127] As used herein, terms such as “fluidically coupled” mean that two components or objects have a path formed between them to which a fluid, such as air, exhaust gas, liquid reducing agent, gaseous reducing agent, aqueous reducing agent, or gaseous ammonia, can flow, with or without the intervening component or object. Examples of fluid couplings or configurations for enabling fluid communication may include pipes, channels, or any other suitable components for enabling the flow of fluid from one component or object to another.

[0128] It is important to note that the configurations and arrangements of the systems shown in the various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only and do not limit the features. All changes and modifications that fall within the spirit and / or scope of the described embodiments are desirable to be protected. Some features may be unnecessary, and embodiments lacking various features may be construed as being within the scope of this application, and it should be understood that the scope is defined by the following claims. Where the word “part” is used, unless otherwise stated, that item may include part and / or the entire item.

[0129] Furthermore, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (rather than its exclusive sense), and as a result, when used to connect a list of elements, for example, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Connective language, such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” is understood separately in context, unless otherwise specified, to convey that an item, term, etc., may be one of X, Y, Z, X and Y, X and Z, Y and Z, or X, Y, and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z). Thus, such connective language is not generally intended to mean, unless specifically specified, that a particular embodiment requires the presence of at least one X, at least one Y, and at least one Z, respectively.

[0130] Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the use of value ranges (e.g., W to P) in this specification includes their maximum and minimum values ​​(e.g., W to P includes W and P). Moreover, unless specifically stated, value ranges (e.g., W to P) do not necessarily require the inclusion of intermediate values ​​within the range (e.g., W to P may include only W and P).

[0131] Implementations of this disclosure are disclosed in the following embodiments.

[0132] Example 1: It is a post-processing system, A first flow path comprising a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system and a first feeder, A second flow path comprising a second SCR system and a second injector, It is a controller, To determine whether one or more activation conditions are met, In response to the satisfaction of one or more of the activation conditions, the reducing agent is introduced into the first SCR system using the first dispenser, and the reducing agent is introduced into the second SCR system using the second dispenser. In response to the input, the first NO associated with the first flow path x Based on the readings from the sensor, the first NO of the first SCR system x Determine the value and the second NO associated with the second flow path. x Based on the readings from the sensor, the second NO of the second SCR system x Determining the value, The first NO mentioned above x Value and the second NO x In response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold, the input of the first SCR system is adjusted over a first period of time, At the end of the second period after adjusting the input of the first SCR system, the first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the third NO of the first SCR system x Measure the value and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the fourth NO of the second SCR system x Measuring values ​​and The third NO x Value and the first NO mentioned above x Determining the first difference between the values, The fourth NO mentioned above x The value and the second NO mentioned above x Determining the second difference between the values, Based on the first difference and the second difference, the second NO xA post - processing system including a controller configured to generate an indicator regarding whether the sensor is displaced.

[0133] Example 2: The controller is configured to determine that the first NO sensor and the second NO sensor are not displaced in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than the second predetermined threshold. x sensor and the second NO x The post - processing system according to Example 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the sensor is not displaced.

[0134] Example 3: The controller is configured to determine that the first NO sensor and the second NO sensor are not displaced in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold. x sensor and the second NO x The post - processing system according to Example 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the sensor is not displaced.

[0135] Example 4: The controller is configured to determine that the second NO sensor is displaced in response to determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold. x The post - processing system according to Example 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the sensor is displaced.

[0136] Example 5: The one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the bed temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being higher than a second predetermined threshold, according to the post - processing system of Example 1.

[0137] Example 6: The one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the engine - out NO value of each of the first flow path and the second flow path being greater than a second predetermined threshold, according to the post - processing system of Example 1. x The post - processing system according to Example 1.

[0138] Example 7: The first period is the first NO x A post-processing system according to Example 1, based on the time required for a value to change by a predetermined percentage.

[0139] Example 8: After determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, the controller further: Over a third period, the input of the first SCR system is adjusted, After adjusting the input of the first SCR system over the third period, the first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the fifth NO of the first SCR system x Measure the value and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the sixth NO of the second SCR system x Measuring values ​​and The fifth NO x Value and the first NO mentioned above x Determining the third difference between the values, The aforementioned sixth NO x The value and the second NO mentioned above x To determine the fourth difference between the values, Based on the third difference and the fourth difference, the second NO x A post-processing system according to Example 1, configured to generate an index indicating whether a sensor is displaced.

[0140] Example 9: The controller determines whether one or more activation conditions are met, The controller, in response to the satisfaction of one or more activation conditions, introduces a reducing agent into a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in a first channel using a first feeder, and introduces a reducing agent into a second SCR system in a second channel using a second feeder. The controller, in response to the input, controls the first NO associated with the first flow path. x Based on the readings from the sensor, the first NO of the first SCR system x Determine the value and the second NO associated with the second flow path. x Based on the readings from the sensor, the second NO of the second SCR system x Determining the value, The controller, x Value and the second NO x In response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold, the input of the first SCR system is adjusted over a first period of time, At the end of the second period after the controller has adjusted the input of the first SCR system, the first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the third NO of the first SCR system x Measure the value and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the fourth NO of the second SCR system x Measuring values ​​and The controller, the third NO x Value and the first NO mentioned above x Determining the first difference between the values, The controller, x The value and the second NO mentioned above x Determining the second difference between the values, The controller, based on the first difference and the second difference, determines the second NO x A method including generating an index of whether a sensor is displaced.

[0141] Example 10: The controller, in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than a second predetermined threshold, controls the first NO x Sensor and the second NO x The method according to Example 9, which includes determining that the sensor has not been displaced.

[0142] Example 11: In response to the controller determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, the first NO x Sensor and the second NO x The method according to Example 9, which includes determining that the sensor has not been displaced.

[0143] Example 12: In response to the controller determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, the second NO x The method according to Example 9, which includes determining that a sensor has been displaced.

[0144] Example 13: The method according to Example 9, wherein the one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the floor temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being higher than a second predetermined threshold.

[0145] Example 14: The one or more activation conditions are the engine output NO of each of the first and second flow paths. x The method according to Example 9, which is satisfied in response to the value being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

[0146] Example 15: The first period is the first NO x The method according to Example 9, based on the time required for the value to change by a predetermined percentage.

[0147] Example 16: It is a controller, One or more processors, The system comprises one or more memory devices coupled to one or more processors, When one or more memory devices store an instruction, and the instruction is executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors: To determine whether one or more activation conditions are met, In response to the satisfaction of one or more of the activation conditions, the reducing agent is introduced into the first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of the first flow path using a first feeder, and the reducing agent is introduced into the second SCR system of the second flow path using a second feeder. In response to the input, the first NO associated with the first flow path x Based on the readings from the sensor, the first NO of the first SCR system x Determine the value and the second NO associated with the second flow path. x Based on the readings from the sensor, the second NO of the second SCR system x Determining the value, The first NO mentioned above x Value and the second NO x In response to the value reaching a first predetermined threshold, the input of the first SCR system is adjusted over a first period of time, At the end of the second period after adjusting the input of the first SCR system, the first NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the third NO of the first SCR system x Measure the value and the second NO x Based on the readings from the sensor, the fourth NO of the second SCR system x Measuring values ​​and The third NO x Value and the first NO mentioned above x Determining the first difference between the values, The fourth NO mentioned above x The value and the second NO mentioned above x Determining the second difference between the values, Based on the first difference and the second difference, the second NO x A controller that generates an indicator of whether the sensor is displaced and performs the following actions.

[0148] Example 17: When the instruction is executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors will: In response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than a second predetermined threshold, the first NO x Sensor and the second NO x A controller according to Example 16 that determines that the sensor has not been displaced.

[0149] Example 18: When the instruction is executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors will: In response to the determination that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, the first NO x Sensor and the second NO x A controller according to Example 16 that determines that the sensor has not been displaced.

[0150] Example 19: When the instruction is executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors will: In response to the determination that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, the second NO x A controller according to Example 16 that causes the sensor to determine that displacement has occurred.

[0151] Example 20: The controller according to Embodiment 16, wherein the one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the floor temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being higher than a second predetermined threshold.

Claims

1. It is a post-processing system, A first flow path comprising a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system and a first feeder, A second flow path comprising a second SCR system and a second injector, It is a controller, Determining whether one or more activation conditions are met, wherein the one or more activation conditions are met in response to (i) the floor temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being above a predetermined threshold, and / or (ii) the engine output NOx value of at least one of the first flow path and the second flow path being above a predetermined threshold, In response to the satisfaction of one or more of the activation conditions, the reducing agent is introduced into the first SCR system using the first dispenser, and the reducing agent is introduced into the second SCR system using the second dispenser. In response to input, a first NOx value of the first SCR system is determined based on a reading from a first NOx sensor associated with the first flow path, and a second NOx value of the second SCR system is determined based on a reading from a second NOx sensor associated with the second flow path. In response to the first NOx value and the second NOx value reaching a first predetermined threshold, the amount of the reducing agent introduced into the first SCR system over a first period of time is adjusted. At the end of a second period after adjusting the amount of reducing agent introduced into the first SCR system, a third NOx value of the first SCR system is measured based on the reading from the first NOx sensor, and a fourth NOx value of the second SCR system is measured based on the reading from the second NOx sensor, wherein the second period is measured after the first period and is set based on the reducing agent remaining in the first SCR system, or is an extension of the first period. To determine the first difference between the third NOx value and the first NOx value, To determine the second difference between the fourth NOx value and the second NOx value, A post-processing system including a controller, configured to generate an index relating to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced based on the first difference and the second difference, wherein the generation of the index includes (i) generating a fault index, or (ii) clearing the fault index and / or stopping a diagnostic operation with respect to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced.

2. The post-processing system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than a second predetermined threshold.

3. The post-processing system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced in response to the determination that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold.

4. The post-processing system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the second NOx sensor is displaced in response to the determination that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold.

5. The post-treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the floor temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being higher than a second predetermined threshold.

6. The after-treatment system according to claim 1, wherein one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the engine-out NOx values ​​of the first flow path and the second flow path being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

7. The post-treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the first period is based on the time required for the first NOx value to change by a predetermined percentage.

8. After determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold, the controller further: Over a third period, the amount of the reducing agent introduced into the first SCR system is adjusted, After adjusting the input of the first SCR system over the third period, the fifth NOx value of the first SCR system is measured based on the reading from the first NOx sensor, and the sixth NOx value of the second SCR system is measured based on the reading from the second NOx sensor. To determine the third difference between the fifth NOx value and the first NOx value, To determine the fourth difference between the sixth NOx value and the second NOx value, The post-processing system according to claim 1, configured to generate a second indicator of whether the second NOx sensor is displaced based on the third difference and the fourth difference, wherein the generation of the second indicator includes (i) generating a second fault indicator, or (ii) clearing the second fault indicator, and / or stopping a second diagnostic operation, with respect to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced.

9. The controller determines whether one or more activation conditions are met, wherein the one or more activation conditions are met in response to (i) the bed temperature of the first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in the first flow path and the second SCR system in the second flow path being above a predetermined threshold, and / or (ii) the engine output NOx value of at least one of the first flow path and the second flow path being above a predetermined threshold. The controller, in response to the satisfaction of one or more activation conditions, introduces a reducing agent into the first SCR system of the first flow path using a first dispenser, and introduces a reducing agent into the second SCR system of the second flow path using a second dispenser. The controller, in response to input, determines a first NOx value of the first SCR system based on a reading from a first NOx sensor associated with the first flow path, and determines a second NOx value of the second SCR system based on a reading from a second NOx sensor associated with the second flow path. The controller adjusts the amount of the reducing agent introduced into the first SCR system over a first period of time in response to the first NOx value and the second NOx value reaching a first predetermined threshold, The controller measures a third NOx value of the first SCR system based on the reading from the first NOx sensor and a fourth NOx value of the second SCR system based on the reading from the second NOx sensor at the end of a second period after the controller has adjusted the amount of reducing agent introduced into the first SCR system, wherein the second period is measured after the first period and is set based on the reducing agent remaining in the first SCR system, or is an extension of the first period. The controller determines a first difference between the third NOx value and the first NOx value, The controller determines a second difference between the fourth NOx value and the second NOx value, A method comprising the controller generating an index of whether the second NOx sensor is displaced based on the first difference and the second difference, wherein the generation of the index includes (i) generating a fault index, or (ii) clearing the fault index and / or stopping a diagnostic operation with respect to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the controller determines that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced in response that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference is less than a second predetermined threshold.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the controller determines that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, and in response to this determination, the controller determines that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced.

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the controller determines that the second NOx sensor is displaced in response to the controller determining that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold.

13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the floor temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being higher than a second predetermined threshold.

14. The method according to claim 9, wherein the one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the engine-out NOx values ​​of the first flow path and the second flow path being greater than a second predetermined threshold.

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first period is based on the time required for the first NOx value to change by a predetermined percentage.

16. It is a controller, One or more processors, The system comprises one or more memory devices coupled to one or more processors, When one or more memory devices store an instruction, and the instruction is executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors: Determining whether one or more activation conditions are met, wherein the one or more activation conditions are met in response to (i) the bed temperature of each of the first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems in the first flow path and the second SCR system in the second flow path being above a predetermined threshold, and / or (ii) the engine output NOx value of at least one of the first flow path and the second flow path being above a predetermined threshold. In response to the satisfaction of one or more of the activation conditions, the reducing agent is introduced into the first SCR system of the first flow path using the first dispenser, and the reducing agent is introduced into the second SCR system of the second flow path using the second dispenser, In response to input, a first NOx value of the first SCR system is determined based on a reading from a first NOx sensor associated with the first flow path, and a second NOx value of the second SCR system is determined based on a reading from a second NOx sensor associated with the second flow path. In response to the first NOx value and the second NOx value reaching a first predetermined threshold, the amount of the reducing agent introduced into the first SCR system over a first period of time is adjusted. At the end of a second period after adjusting the amount of reducing agent introduced into the first SCR system, a third NOx value of the first SCR system is measured based on the reading from the first NOx sensor, and a fourth NOx value of the second SCR system is measured based on the reading from the second NOx sensor, wherein the second period is measured after the first period and is set based on the reducing agent remaining in the first SCR system, or is an extension of the first period. To determine the first difference between the third NOx value and the first NOx value, To determine the second difference between the fourth NOx value and the second NOx value, A controller that generates an index relating to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced based on the first difference and the second difference, wherein the generation of the index includes (i) generating a fault index, or (ii) clearing the fault index and / or stopping a diagnostic operation with respect to whether the second NOx sensor is displaced.

17. When the instruction is executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors will: The controller according to claim 16, which determines that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced in response to the first difference being greater than a second predetermined threshold and the second difference being less than a second predetermined threshold.

18. When the instruction is executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors will: The controller according to claim 16, which, in response to determining that the difference between the second difference and the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold, causes the controller to determine that the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor are not displaced.

19. When the instruction is executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors will: The controller according to claim 16, which determines that the second NOx sensor is displaced in response to the determination that the first difference is greater than a second predetermined threshold and the difference between the second difference and the first difference is less than a third predetermined threshold.

20. The controller according to claim 16, wherein the one or more activation conditions are satisfied in response to the floor temperature of each of the first SCR system and the second SCR system being higher than a second predetermined threshold.

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