Transaction management system, information processing device, transaction management method, and transaction management program

Abstract

To provide a transaction management system, a transaction management method, and an information processing device which enable transaction of an estate securitization product or a deemed security having high convenience for a general investor and a transaction undertaker.SOLUTION: In a transaction management system 10, an information processing device 200 generates a security ID for identifying an estate securitization product or a deemed security generated from a proprietary right of an estate, and associates the security ID with the estate securitization product or the regarded security and transmits the associated information to a block chain network 800. An information terminal device 300 calculates a dividend for a prescribed period for each owner of the estate securitization product or the deemed security based on the information related to the estate securitization product or the deemed security stored in the block chain network 800 for the prescribed period, associates a user ID for identifying the owners with the dividend, and transmits the associated information to the block chain network 800.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a transaction management system, an information processing apparatus, a transaction management method, and a transaction management program.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, real estate securitization products or quasi-securities have attracted attention as one of the investment methods for real estate. Real estate securitization products or quasi-securities are securitized based on various laws, including real estate securitization products based on the "Real Estate Specific Joint Business Act" and quasi-securities based on the "Financial Instruments and Exchange Act".

[0003] In addition, blockchain technology, which is difficult to tamper with and can ensure high security, has also attracted attention, and examples of applying blockchain technology to the real estate industry have gradually emerged. As an example, a technology for using a blockchain network to manage various aspects of real estate property leasing is disclosed (see Patent Publication 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] However, the technology described in Patent Document 1 above utilizes blockchain technology for real estate management, and there were no examples of blockchain technology being used in transactions related to real estate securitized products or deemed securities. In light of this situation, the applicant devised a system that enables convenient trading of real estate securitized products or deemed securities for general investors and trading companies by storing information on real estate securitized products or deemed securities on a blockchain network.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above, and aims to provide a transaction management system, an information processing device, a transaction management method, and a transaction management program that enable the convenient trading of real estate securitization products or deemed securities for general investors and trading businesses. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To solve the aforementioned problems and achieve the objectives, the present invention is characterized by calculating a distribution for a predetermined period for each owner of a real estate securitized product or deemed security based on information about the real estate securitized product or deemed security stored in the blockchain network at a predetermined time, and transmitting the user ID that identifies the owner and the distribution in association to the blockchain network.

[0008] Furthermore, the present invention is characterized by generating a security ID that identifies a real estate securitized product or deemed security, generated from real estate ownership rights, and transmitting the security ID and information relating to the real estate securitized product or deemed security to a blockchain network.

[0009] Furthermore, the present invention is characterized by receiving information on real estate securitized products or deemed securities and general investors for which a match has been made on the matching platform, concluding a sales contract for the real estate securitized products or deemed securities, confirming the receipt of payment for the real estate securitized products or deemed securities as stipulated in the sales contract, and, if the sales contract has been concluded and payment has been confirmed, transmitting the securities ID and information on changing the owner of the real estate securitized products or deemed securities in association with each other to the blockchain network.

[0010] Furthermore, the present invention is characterized by receiving a request to issue tokens representing real estate securitization products or deemed securities, including a user ID that identifies a general investor; querying the blockchain network to verify the user ID; calculating a fee for issuing tokens from the real estate securitization products or deemed securities; issuing tokens with a value equal to the real estate securitization products or deemed securities minus the fee; and transmitting the security ID that identifies the real estate securitization products or deemed securities, along with information about the tokens, to the blockchain network.

[0011] Furthermore, the present invention is characterized by receiving an order for the exchange of tokens and crypto assets, matching the order with other orders, transmitting information regarding the change of token ownership to the blockchain network when a match is made, generating a transaction to transfer the crypto assets from the general investor to the new owner when a match is made, transmitting the generated transaction to the crypto asset's blockchain network, and sending a notification of the successful exchange when a match is made. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] The present invention has the effect of enabling the trading of real estate securitized products or deemed securities, which are highly convenient for general investors and trading companies. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] [Figure 1] This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the mechanism for generating and transferring real estate securitized products and deemed securities in this embodiment. [Figure 2] This is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the transaction management system 10 according to this embodiment. [Figure 3] This flowchart shows the procedure for extracting properties to be purchased, which is executed by the information processing device 100. [Figure 4] This flowchart shows the procedure for generating real estate securitized products or deemed securities executed by the information processing device 200. [Figure 5] This is a flowchart showing the real estate replacement selection process performed by the information processing device 100. [Figure 6] This is a flowchart showing the real estate replacement processing procedure executed by the information processing device 200. [Figure 7] This flowchart shows the procedure for generating real estate additions and real estate securitized products or deemed securities, which are performed by the information processing device 200. [Figure 8] This flowchart shows the sales processing procedure for real estate securitized products or deemed securities executed by the information processing device 200. [Figure 9] This flowchart shows the matching procedure between real estate securitized products or deemed securities and general investors 4, which is performed by the information processing device 400. [Figure 10] This is a flowchart showing the sales processing procedure for real estate securitized products or deemed securities executed by the information processing device 300. [Figure 11] This flowchart shows the token issuance process procedure executed by the information processing device 600. [Figure 12] This flowchart shows the procedure for exchanging tokens and crypto assets performed by the information processing device 700. [Figure 13] This is a flowchart showing the distribution and dividend processing procedure executed by the information processing device 200. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the following description is an example of an embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

Embodiment

[0015] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a mechanism for generating and transferring real estate securitization products and quasi-securities in this embodiment. Here, real estate securitization means that an operator 1 (hereinafter referred to as operator 1) purchases and operates based on the Real Estate Specific Joint Business Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Special Act"), and securitizes the right to receive the income generated by one or more physical real estates. A real estate securitization product is a product in which its owner can obtain the income of the real estate as a distribution payment. Quasi-securities are rights other than the rights specified in the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and displayed on securities or certificates. In this embodiment, it also includes cases where they become quasi-securities in the process of composing real estate securitization products. First, using FIG. 1, the flow of generation, transfer, etc. of real estate securitization products and quasi-securities will be described.

[0016] <Purchase of Real Estate> Operator 1 purchases a real estate that meets the purchase requirements determined by operator 1 and acquires the ownership of the real estate. Operator 1 purchases one or more real estates from the market in order to transfer the shareholding rights of the real estate to Anonymous Syndicate 2 or SPC (Special Purpose Company) 2.

[0017] <Transfer of Shareholding Rights of Real Estate> Operator 1 transfers its ownership interest in real estate to Anonymous Partnership 2. Here, Anonymous Partnership 2 is a business operator that has received permission under Article 2, Paragraph 4, Item 1 of the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, and is a business operator that acquires the ownership interest in real estate purchased by Operator 1 from Operator 1 and generates real estate securitization products from the ownership interest in real estate. When Anonymous Partnership 2 acquires the ownership interest in real estate from Operator 1, the actual ownership of the real estate is transferred to Anonymous Partnership 2, but the registered owner remains Operator 1. Furthermore, when Anonymous Partnership 2 acquires the ownership interest in real estate from Operator 1, in order to ensure the objectivity of the transfer price, Operator 1 and Anonymous Partnership 2 conclude a sales contract based on the appraised value of each property, which has been appraised by a real estate appraisal company, and Anonymous Partnership 2 acquires the ownership interest in the real estate. When calculating the appraised value of the real estate, the real estate appraisal company may obtain in advance a report (engineering report) that summarizes the results of the investigation of the physical condition of the real estate, prepared by a non-life insurance company, and use that to calculate the appraised value.

[0018] As shown in Figure 1, Anonymous Partnership 2 may be replaced by SPC2. SPC2 is a business operator that has received permission under Article 2, Paragraph 4, Item 3 of the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, and is a business operator that acquires ownership rights to real estate purchased by Operator 1 from Operator 1 and generates deemed securities from ownership rights to real estate. Similar to Anonymous Partnership 2, when Operator 1 and SPC2 acquire ownership rights to real estate from Operator 1, SPC2 acquires ownership rights to real estate by concluding a sales contract at the appraised value of each property, which has been appraised by a real estate appraisal company. The real estate appraisal company may obtain an engineering report prepared by a non-life insurance company and calculate the appraised value.

[0019] <Generation of real estate securitized products or deemed securities> Anonymous Partnership 2 generates real estate securitized products from the real estate ownership rights it acquires from General Partnership 1. To give a simple example for explanation, if the total consideration for ownership rights to real estate A, real estate B, and real estate C is 1 billion yen, then 100,000 units of real estate securitized products at 10,000 yen per unit can be generated. SPC2 generates deemed securities from real estate ownership rights. Similarly, if the total consideration for ownership rights to real estate A, real estate B, and real estate C is 1 billion yen, then 100,000 units of deemed securities at 10,000 yen per unit can be generated. In this way, because real estate securitized products or deemed securities are generated and managed (segregated) by Anonymous Partnership 2 or SPC2, with assets and liabilities separate from those of General Partnership 1, the assets of general investors 5 who invest in real estate securitized products or deemed securities are managed safely separately from the assets and liabilities of General Partnership 1.

[0020] Real estate securitized products or deemed securities fully reflect fluctuations in the appraised value of the real estate; in other words, there are no subordinate contributions by the operator 1. Therefore, the appraised value of each property is calculated at a predetermined time, and the distribution amount fluctuates according to the calculated appraised value. For example, by reappraising the property prices every September, the appraised value of the property at that time is determined, and the distribution rate for the following year is determined (it does not fluctuate for the year). The period for reappraising the property prices is not limited to one year; it can be three months, six months, or other periods. When distributing dividends for real estate securitized products or deemed securities, the dividend is calculated based on the appraised value of the property in the previous valuation year. Furthermore, the dividend is distributed according to the period during which the general investor 5 owned the real estate securitized product or deemed securities. For example, even if an investor only owned the property for three months of the year and no longer owns it, they will still receive dividends for three months. Furthermore, the reappraisal of real estate prices and the timing of dividend payments are not limited to once a year; they can be done at any time and any number of times.

[0021] <Transfer of real estate securitized products or deemed securities to seller 3> Limited Partnership 2 enters into a sales agency agreement with Distributor 3 and receives payment for the real estate securitized product by transferring it. Limited Partnership 2 also pays Distributor 3 a sales commission based on the number of units of the real estate securitized product sold. Here, Distributor 3 is a distributor that has received permission under Article 2, Paragraph 4, Item 2 of the Real Estate Specified Joint Stock Act, and only distributors with such permission are permitted to sell real estate securitized products. SPC 2 also enters into a sales agency agreement with Distributor 3 and receives payment for the deemed securities by transferring them. SPC 2 also pays Distributor 3 a sales commission based on the number of units of deemed securities sold. Distributor 3, which sells the deemed securities, is a distributor that has received permission under Article 2, Paragraph 4, Item 4 of the Real Estate Specified Joint Stock Act, and in order to sell the deemed securities to individual investors, it is also required to obtain a Type II Financial Instruments Business license from the Financial Services Agency. Furthermore, the aforementioned distributor 3 is not limited to one distributor (company), but may be multiple distributors, and one distributor 3 may have both a Type 2 license and a Type 4 license (and further a Type II Financial Instruments Business license from the Financial Services Agency), and may be the sole owner of both the Type 2 license and the Type 4 license (and further a Type II Financial Instruments Business license from the Financial Services Agency).

[0022] <Trading of real estate securitized products or deemed securities between distributor 3 and general investor 5> Distributor 3 matches general investors 5 with matching agents 4 for the buying and selling of real estate securitized products or deemed securities. If a match is made, Distributor 3 sells the real estate securitized products or deemed securities to general investors 5. General investors 5 may be individuals, corporate investors, or institutional investors. Distributor 3 may also act as matching agent 4.

[0023] <Issuance of tokens based on real estate securitized products or deemed securities> Token issuer 6 issues tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities from real estate securitized products or deemed securities held by general investor 5, upon request from general investor 5, by receiving an exchange fee from general investor 5. Since these tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities are associated with real estate securitized products or deemed securities, even if tokens are issued from real estate securitized products or deemed securities, token holders will receive distributions in the same way as owners of real estate securitized products or deemed securities. The distributions paid here are, in principle, in tokens. Distributions can also be received in the form of cash, other crypto assets, points, etc., instead of tokens, but if something other than tokens is chosen, a separate fee will be required to exchange the tokens for cash, other crypto assets, points, etc.

[0024] <Exchange of tokens for crypto assets> Cryptocurrency exchange operators 7 can exchange tokens owned by individual investors 5 for cryptocurrencies (such as Bitcoin). While the ownership of the tokens changes through this exchange, the new token owners will receive dividends from the real estate securitized products or deemed securities associated with the tokens.

[0025] To realize such a system using IT technology, the transaction management system 10 will be described. Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the transaction management system 10 according to this embodiment. The transaction management system 10 connects information processing devices 100-400, 600, and 700, a user terminal 500, and a blockchain network 800 that stores information on real estate securitized products and deemed securities, to each other via network N, and sends and receives data between the information processing devices 100-400, 600, and 700, the user terminal 500, and the blockchain network 800.

[0026] The information processing units 100-400, 600, and 700, and the user terminal 500 are general-purpose computers for performing the various processes described below. Depending on the required functions, they may be servers, personal computers, tablet terminals, smartphones, or any other device equipped with the necessary functions. Furthermore, each of the information processing units 100-400, 600, and 700, and the user terminal 500, may consist of multiple computers.

[0027] The blockchain network 800 is a data management system that uses so-called distributed ledger technology (DLT), and may be a private blockchain, a public blockchain, a consortium blockchain, or something else. Furthermore, the blockchain network 800 in this embodiment includes a data management system that uses distributed ledger technology other than blockchain. If the blockchain network 800 in this embodiment is a private blockchain or a consortium blockchain, the administrator is operator 1 or anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2, and the information processing device 100 or information processing device 200 operated by operator 1 or anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2 determines whether or not to store the data sent to the blockchain network 800 in a block, and manages the blockchain network 800.

[0028] The network N, which connects the information processing devices 100-400, 600, and 700 with the user terminal 500 and the blockchain network 800 in a communicative manner, is any communication network such as the Internet, an intranet, a LAN (Local Area Network), a VPN (Virtual Private Network), a mobile communication network, or any combination thereof, and may be partially or entirely wired or wireless.

[0029] The information processing device 100 is a computer operated by the operator 1. In order to purchase real estate from the market to be used in the anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2 to generate real estate securitized products or deemed securities, the device inputs data on real estate and uses a machine learning model that incorporates the operator 1's real estate transaction know-how to extract real estate suitable for purchase. The information processing device 100 generates a real estate ID to identify the real estate purchased by the operator 1 and stores the generated real estate ID in association with the real estate information in the memory unit.

[0030] The information processing device 200 is a computer operated by the anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2, and manages information regarding real estate securitization products or deemed securities generated from real estate ownership rights acquired from the business operator 1. The information processing device 200 is equipped with a wallet that stores the balance of units of real estate securitization products or deemed securities. The wallet is not limited to one stored in the memory unit of the information processing device 200, but may also be a wallet managed on another information processing device or in the cloud, or a wallet stored on a device that is physically separable from the information processing device 200. The same applies to wallets equipped on other information processing devices or user terminals 500.

[0031] When generating a real estate securitized product or deemed security, the information processing device 200 transmits (broadcasts) information about the real estate subject to the real estate securitized product or deemed security to the blockchain network 800 and stores it in a block on the blockchain network 800. The information processing device 200 also transmits information about the generated real estate securitized product or deemed security to the blockchain network 800 and stores it in a block on the blockchain network 800. When the information processing device 200 transfers the real estate securitized product or deemed security to the distributor 3, it transmits information about the change of ownership of the real estate securitized product or deemed security to the blockchain network 800 and stores it in a block on the blockchain network 800.

[0032] The information processing device 300 is a computer operated by the seller 3 and manages information about the real estate securitized products or deemed securities that are being sold. The information processing device 300 is equipped with a wallet that stores the number of units or balances of the real estate securitized products or deemed securities. The information processing device 300 transmits information about the real estate securitized products or deemed securities that are available for sale to the information processing device 400, which is operated by the matching company 4 and operates as a matching platform, and receives information about the matching when a match is made between the seller 3 and the general investor 5. The information processing device 300 processes the conclusion of a sales contract with the general investor 5. The sales contract conclusion process may be executed by a smart contract. When a sales contract is concluded, the information processing device 300 stores information about the change of ownership of the real estate securitized products or deemed securities in a block on the blockchain network 800 by transmitting it to the blockchain network 800.

[0033] The information processing device 400 is a computer operated by a matching service provider 4, which specializes in matching, and matches real estate securitized products or deemed securities sold by a distributor 3 with general investors 5 in order to sell these products to general investors 5. Furthermore, if the distributor 3 also operates as a matching service provider 4, the processing of the information processing device 400 may be performed by the information processing device 300. The information processing device 400 is not limited to one; there may be multiple devices, and if the distributor 3 also operates as a matching service provider, each of the distributors 3 may operate its own matching platform.

[0034] User terminal 500 is a computer operated by general investor 5, which purchases real estate securitized products or deemed securities and sends token issuance requests, cryptocurrency exchange requests, etc. User terminal 500 is equipped with one or each of the wallets that store the balance of units of real estate securitized products or deemed securities, tokens, crypto asset balances, etc. User terminal 500 displays a web page on its screen that contains information on real estate securitized products or deemed securities handled by the matching platform operating on the information processing device 400, and sends a purchase request for the real estate securitized products or deemed securities that the user wishes to purchase to the information processing device 400. If a match is made between general investor 5 and distributor 3 and a sales contract is concluded between general investor 5 and distributor 3, the user terminal 500 and the information processing device 300 send and receive the information necessary for the contract.

[0035] The information processing device 600 is a computer operated by the token issuer 6, which receives token issuance requests from the user terminal 500 and sends and receives data with the blockchain network 800. The information processing device 600 receives a token issuance request from the user terminal 500 that includes the number of units of real estate securitized products or deemed securities, and in response to the received token issuance request, verifies the blockchain network 800, issues tokens corresponding to the number of units of real estate securitized products or deemed securities excluding fees, and transmits information regarding the token issuance to the blockchain network 800.

[0036] The information processing device 700 is a computer operated by the cryptocurrency exchange operator 7, which receives orders for the exchange of tokens and cryptocurrencies sent from the user terminal 500 and other user terminals, and exchanges tokens for cryptocurrencies or fiat currency, etc., at the exchange rate by matching the received orders.

[0037] Blockchain network 800 stores information about real estate securitized products or deemed securities in blocks when the information about real estate securitized products or deemed securities generated by the information processing device 200 is broadcast. Blockchain network 800 receives information from the information processing device 200 regarding the transfer of real estate securitized products (or deemed securities) from anonymous partnership 2 (or SPC 2) to distributor 3 and stores it in a block in blockchain network 800. Blockchain network 800 stores information transmitted from the information processing device 300 regarding the sale of real estate securitized products or deemed securities from distributor 3 to general investor 5 in a block in blockchain network 800.

[0038] Blockchain network 800 stores information transmitted from information processing device 600 regarding the issuance of tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities in blocks of blockchain network 800. Blockchain network 800 also stores information regarding the exchange of tokens for crypto assets in blocks of blockchain network 800. As mentioned above, blockchain network 800 utilizes conventional technology, and publicly available technologies are used for block generation and data storage, so a detailed explanation is omitted here.

[0039] Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure for extracting properties to be purchased, which is performed by the information processing device 100. The process for extracting properties to be purchased, which is performed by the information processing device 100 that constitutes the transaction management system 10 with the configuration described above, will now be explained.

[0040] The input / output unit of the information processing device 100 receives input of real estate information for one or more properties (step S301). The control unit inputs the real estate information into a learning model to determine whether the property meets the purchase requirements, i.e., whether it is eligible for purchase (step S302). The learning model has learned to output whether it is eligible for purchase or not when real estate information is input, by machine learning about real estate information and purchase decisions for various properties. The control unit extracts the properties that it has determined to be eligible for purchase from the one or more properties that have been input (step S303). In addition to determining whether a property is eligible for purchase, the control unit may also calculate a score for eligibility. The input / output unit displays the properties that it has determined to be eligible for purchase (step S304).

[0041] This allows you to narrow down a large number of potential purchases to properties deemed suitable for purchase (or those with a high suitability score) using a pre-trained machine learning model. By inputting more detailed property information obtained by communicating your interest to the seller, you can extract properties with even higher suitability. You can also calculate future returns and other factors from the acquired property information.

[0042] When the operator 1 decides on the property to be purchased and a real estate sales contract is concluded, the information processing device 100 assigns a property ID to each purchased property to identify the property, and stores the property ID and property information in the property database. The above-described real estate sales contract processing may function as a smart contract. The smart contract may also include real estate registration processing. In addition to the building name, address, nearest station, etc., the source of the distribution funds is the set rent, the number of set rooms, the number of occupants, the number of vacant rooms, rental income, the income rate obtained by dividing the rental income by the set rent, repair costs, insurance premiums, management fees, property tax, and other information.

[0043] Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the procedure for generating real estate securitized products or deemed securities performed by the information processing device 200. The process for generating real estate securitized products or deemed securities performed by the information processing device 200, which constitutes the transaction management system 10, will be explained below.

[0044] The transmitting and receiving unit of the information processing device 200 receives the real estate ID and real estate information of the target real estate from the information processing device 100 (step S401). Here, the target real estate is real estate for which a transfer agreement for ownership rights has been concluded between the business operator 1 and the anonymous partnership 2 (or SPC 2). The control unit generates a real estate group ID that identifies a group of real estate consisting of one or more real estate that has been transferred in order to generate a real estate securitization product or deemed securities (step S402). The control unit transmits information associating one or more real estate IDs with the real estate group ID to the blockchain network 800 (step S403).

[0045] The control unit generates real estate securitized products or deemed securities based on the purchase price (i.e., appraised value) of each property constituting the real estate group (step S404). For example, if the real estate group consists of properties A, B, and C, and the total amount is 1 billion yen, and real estate securitized products or deemed securities are to be generated at 10,000 yen per unit, then 100,000 units of real estate securitized products or deemed securities will be generated. The control unit generates a security ID to identify each of the generated real estate securitized products or deemed securities (step S405). The control unit transmits information for each security, including the real estate group ID and security ID, to the blockchain network 800 (step S406). Here, the information for each security includes the real estate group ID, security ID, issuer ID identifying the anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2 that issued the real estate securitized products or deemed securities, issuance date and time, and other information.

[0046] In this way, the information processing device 200 generates real estate securitized products or deemed securities corresponding to the purchase price (appraisal value) of the subject real estate, and generates and assigns a security ID to each unit of the generated real estate securitized products or deemed securities. The information processing device 200 transmits information about the subject real estate from which the real estate securitized products or deemed securities were generated, and information about each unit of the real estate securitized products or deemed securities, to the blockchain network 800, thereby storing the information about the subject real estate and information about each unit of the real estate securitized products or deemed securities in a block.

[0047] Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the real estate replacement selection process performed by the information processing device 100. As described above, real estate securitization products or deemed securities are initially generated from the target real estate, but the value of the target real estate changes due to the aging of the real estate itself and changes in market trends. We will now explain the replacement of the target real estate, which is carried out to ensure that the distributions paid to purchasers of the real estate securitization products or deemed securities do not fall below the distributions initially expected due to such changes. First, we will explain the selection of real estate for replacement performed by the information processing device 100.

[0048] The control unit of the information processing device 100 determines whether it is the predetermined time (step S501). If it is determined that it is not the predetermined time (step S501: No), the unit returns to step S501. If it is determined that it is the predetermined time (step S501: Yes), the control unit obtains the appraised value of the subject property (step S502). The predetermined time may be once a year, for example, on September 30th every year, or it may be on several designated dates throughout the year or at predetermined intervals. The appraised value of each subject property may be obtained by receiving the appraised value input from a real estate appraisal company via the operation display unit, or by receiving the appraised value calculated by an information processing device (not shown) operated by the real estate appraisal company.

[0049] The control unit determines whether the appraised value of each subject property is equal to or greater than the initial appraised value when it was incorporated into the real estate securitization product or deemed securities (step S503). If it is determined that the appraised value is equal to or greater than the initial appraised value (step S503: Yes), that is, if the distribution amount does not fall below the initially assumed amount and there is no need to replace the properties, the process returns to step S501. If the appraised value of a property exceeds the initial appraised value, the distribution amount will be higher than initially assumed, but in order to fully reflect the change in the appraised value of the property, the distribution amount corresponding to the appraised value will be distributed to the owners of the real estate securitization product or deemed securities.

[0050] If it is determined that the value is not greater than the initial appraisal value (Step S503: No), the control unit selects a property that corresponds to the initial appraisal value (Step S504). The property to be selected is one of the properties extracted by the property extraction process for purchase, as explained in Figure 3. By purchasing such a property and holding it as inventory, operator 1 can select a property that can be replaced when replacement becomes necessary at a predetermined time. Even if operator 1 holds one or more properties as inventory, the purchaseable properties can generate revenue, so it does not become a financial burden on operator 1. The control unit obtains the property ID of the selected property (Step S505). The transmitting / receiving unit transmits the property ID and property information of the property to be replaced, and the property ID to be deleted, as determined in Step S503, to the information processing device 200 (Step S506).

[0051] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing the real estate replacement processing procedure executed by the information processing device 200. The process of replacing the real estate selected in the process executed in Figure 5 will be explained. As a prerequisite, an agreement has been concluded to transfer the ownership rights of the real estate to be replaced from business operator 1 to anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2, and an agreement has been concluded to transfer the ownership rights to be deleted from anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2 to business operator 1. Alternatively, this transfer agreement processing may be made to function as a smart contract between the information processing device 100 and the information processing device 200, and then step S601 may be executed.

[0052] The input / output unit of the information processing device 200 receives the property ID and property information of the property to be replaced and the property ID of the property to be deleted from the information processing device 100 (step S601). The property to be replaced is a property to be added as a target property for a real estate securitization product or deemed securities in place of the property to be deleted, and the property to be deleted is a property to be excluded from the group of properties included as a target property for a real estate securitization product or deemed securities. The relationship between the property to be replaced and the property to be deleted may be one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, or many-to-many.

[0053] The transmitting and receiving unit sends to the blockchain network 800 the property ID to be removed from the group of properties of the real estate securitized product or deemed securities, and the property ID to be added to the group of properties as the target property, in association with the property group ID (step S602).

[0054] In this way, by re-appraising the real estate subject to real estate securitization products or deemed securities at predetermined times, and replacing any real estate deemed unsuitable for achieving the initial performance with other real estate, owners of real estate securitization products or deemed securities receive the initially expected distribution payments, and owners (who can be changed at any time) can hold the real estate securitization products or deemed securities semi-permanently. Furthermore, by recording the replacement of subject real estate on the blockchain network 800, tamper-proof information is ensured, guaranteeing high security. In addition, by tracing the blockchain network 800, it is possible to verify the subject real estate included in the group of properties at any given time.

[0055] Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure for adding real estate and generating real estate securitized products or deemed securities, as performed by the information processing device 200. The process described below explains how the information processing device 200 generates new real estate securitized products or deemed securities by adding new real estate to a group of real estate as the target real estate for real estate securitized products or deemed securities. As a prerequisite, an agreement has been concluded to transfer the ownership rights of the real estate to be added from the operator 1 to the limited partnership 2 or SPC 2. Alternatively, this transfer agreement process may be made to function as a smart contract between the information processing device 100 and the information processing device 200, after which step S701 may be executed.

[0056] The transmitting and receiving unit of the information processing device 200 receives the real estate ID and real estate information of the real estate to be added from the information processing device 100 (step S701). At the request of the business operator 1 (and the specified association 2 or SPC 2), in order to generate new real estate securitization products or deemed securities, the information processing device 100 receives the real estate ID and real estate information of the real estate that the business operator 1 owns as inventory and for which a transfer agreement has been concluded. The control unit transmits information associating the real estate ID of the real estate to be added with the real estate group ID to the blockchain network 800 (step S702).

[0057] The control unit generates real estate securitization products or deemed securities based on the purchase price (appraisal value) of the added real estate (step S703). The number of real estate properties to be added is not limited to one. For example, if real estate D and real estate E are added to the real estate group, and the total purchase price is 500 million yen, and real estate securitization products or deemed securities are to be generated at 10,000 yen per unit, then 50,000 units of real estate securitization products or deemed securities will be generated. The control unit generates a security ID to identify each of the generated real estate securitization products or deemed securities (step S704). The control unit transmits information for each security, including the real estate group ID and security ID, to the blockchain network 800 (step S705).

[0058] In this way, by adding target properties, new real estate securitized products or deemed securities can be generated according to their purchase price (appraisal value). Each unit of the newly generated real estate securitized product or deemed security is assigned a security ID, and information about the real estate securitized product or deemed security is stored in the blockchain network 800, allowing for the chronological management of information about each unit of the real estate securitized product or deemed security. Furthermore, by tracing the data stored in the blockchain network 800, the target properties included in the group of properties can be identified.

[0059] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating the sales processing procedure for real estate securitized products or deemed securities executed by the information processing device 200. The process described here involves the sale of real estate securitized products or deemed securities by the anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2 to the distributor 3, as executed by the information processing device 200. The anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2 and the distributor 3 have entered into a sales agency agreement regarding the real estate securitized products or deemed securities. Alternatively, this sales agency agreement processing may be implemented as a smart contract between the information processing device 200 and the information processing device 300, after which step S801 may be executed.

[0060] The transmitting and receiving unit of the information processing device 200 receives a request from the information processing device 300 to purchase real estate securitized products or deemed securities (step S801). The control unit confirms that the payment for the real estate securitized products or deemed securities has been received from the anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2 that received the purchase request (step S802). The control unit transmits information to the blockchain network 800 to change the owner associated with the security ID of the sold real estate securitized products or deemed securities to the vendor ID that identifies the vendor 3 (step S803).

[0061] When the seller 3 receives a real estate securitized product or deemed securities from the anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2, and the result is stored in the blockchain network 800, the seller 3 stores information (e.g., security ID, etc.) regarding the real estate securitized product or deemed securities transferred from the anonymous partnership 2 or SPC 2 in the wallet provided by the information processing device 300.

[0062] This allows the ownership of real estate securitized products or deemed securities that have been changed by transfer to be recorded on the blockchain network 800. The above process may function as a smart contract. Alternatively, it may be included in the smart contract for the sales agency agreement process described above.

[0063] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating the matching process between real estate securitized products or deemed securities and general investors 4, as performed by the information processing device 400. The following describes the matching process performed by the information processing device 400 between real estate securitized products or deemed securities owned and sold by the distributor 3 and general investors 4 who wish to purchase them.

[0064] The transmitting and receiving unit of the information processing device 400 receives information from the information processing device 300 regarding real estate securitization products or deemed securities owned and sold by the distributor 3 (step S901). The control unit generates a web page from the information regarding the real estate securitization products or deemed securities that are the subject of sale (step S902). The user terminal 500 operated by the general investor 5 requests the URL of the web page showing the information regarding the real estate securitization products or deemed securities, and displays the web page on the screen (step S903).

[0065] The transmitting / receiving unit receives purchase request information and prospective buyer information for real estate securitized products or deemed securities from the user terminal 500 (step S904). Here, purchase request information is, for example, the number of units of real estate securitized products or deemed securities to be purchased. Prospective buyer information is information about the prospective buyer necessary for purchasing real estate securitized products or deemed securities, such as name, address, bank account and credit information. If the user is logged in in advance, the unit refers to the prospective buyer information linked to the user ID. The control unit matches the purchase request information with the prospective buyer (step S905). When matching, in addition to checking whether the number of units the prospective buyer wants to purchase is available as a number of units for sale, the unit may also check whether the prospective buyer is eligible to purchase and whether they meet the purchase qualifications. If a match is found, the transmitting / receiving unit transmits the purchase request information and prospective buyer information to the information processing device 300 (step S906).

[0066] Furthermore, a general investor 5 who owns real estate securitized products or deemed securities may transmit information about the real estate securitized products or deemed securities he owns to the information processing device 400 as a trading request in order to buy or sell the real estate securitized products or deemed securities. If the trading request from general investor 5 is not completed after a specified period has elapsed, general investor 5 may request the business operator 1 to cancel or buy back the real estate securitized products or deemed securities.

[0067] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating the sales processing procedure for real estate securitized products or deemed securities executed by the information processing device 300. It describes the process executed by the information processing device 300 in which a distributor 3 sells real estate securitized products or deemed securities to a general investor 5.

[0068] The transmitting and receiving unit of the information processing device 300 receives the purchase request information and the purchase request information of the matched purchase request from the information processing device 400 which functions as a matching platform (step S1001). A sales contract is executed with the general investor 5 who is the purchase request (step S1002). More specifically, the information processing device 300 and the user terminal 500 operated by the general investor 5 execute the processes necessary for the sales contract, such as identity verification, confirmation of the sales contract, and electronic signature. The control unit confirms the receipt of payment for the real estate securitized product or deemed securities from the general investor 5 (step S1003). The transmitting and receiving unit transmits information to the blockchain network 800 that has been changed to identify the user ID that identifies the general investor 5 with whom the sales contract was concluded, replacing the owner of the securities ID of the sold real estate securitized product or deemed securities (step S1004).

[0069] When a sales contract for real estate securitized products or deemed securities is concluded between the user terminal 500 operated by general investor 5 and the distributor 3, and the result is stored in the blockchain network 800, the user terminal 500 stores information (security ID, etc.) related to the real estate securitized products or deemed securities purchased from distributor 3 in a wallet equipped on the user terminal 500.

[0070] This allows the change of ownership of real estate securitized products or deemed securities sold from distributor 3 to general investor 5 to be recorded in the blockchain network 800, and the ownership of real estate securitized products or deemed securities can be verified on the blockchain network 800. The above process may be implemented as a smart contract.

[0071] Furthermore, if the owners of real estate securitized products or deemed securities are stored using a user ID, and the user information associated with the user ID is managed by the information processing device 300 or information processing device 200, then even if the owners of real estate securitized products or deemed securities are recorded on the blockchain network 800, personal information will not be disclosed.

[0072] Figure 11 is a flowchart showing the token issuance process performed by the information processing device 600. The token issuer 6 issues tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities in response to a token issuance request from a general investor 5. The token issuance process performed by the information processing device 600 operated by the token issuer 6 will be explained using Figure 11.

[0073] The transmitting and receiving unit of the information processing device 600 receives a request to issue tokens representing real estate securitization products or deemed securities from a user terminal 500 operated by a general investor 5 (step S1101). The token issuance request includes a security ID that identifies the real estate securitization product or deemed securities and a user ID that identifies the general investor 5. The control unit verifies the security ID and user ID using the blockchain network 800 (step S1102). The control unit calculates the token issuance fee (step S1103). More specifically, it calculates the token issuance fee based on the rate set by the token issuer 6, corresponding to the real estate securitization product or deemed securities that are the basis for the token issuance.

[0074] The control unit issues tokens corresponding to the value obtained by subtracting the token issuance fee from the real estate securitization product or deemed security that is the basis for the token issuance (step S1104). The tokens issued here represent the real estate securitization product or deemed security (or an equity interest therein), and are neither securities, deemed securities, nor STOs (security tokens). The transmitting / receiving unit transmits information about the issued tokens to the blockchain network 800 (step S1105). The information about the issued tokens includes a token ID to identify the token, a security ID to identify the real estate securitization product or deemed security that is the basis for the token issuance, the date and time of issuance, and an issuer ID to identify the issuer. The transmitting / receiving unit sends a notification of token issuance to the user terminal 500 that made the request (step S1106).

[0075] When a user terminal 500 operated by an individual investor 5 sends a token issuance request to an information processing device 600, information regarding real estate securitized products or deemed securities stored in the wallet is also sent to the information processing device 600. When tokens are issued from the real estate securitized products or deemed securities in the information processing device 600 and the result is stored in the blockchain network 800, information regarding the tokens, such as the token ID, is stored in the wallet provided in the user terminal 500.

[0076] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating the token-to-cryptocurrency exchange procedure performed by the information processing device 700. The token-to-cryptocurrency exchange procedure at the information processing device 700 (cryptocurrency exchange) operated by the cryptocurrency exchange operator 7 will be explained.

[0077] The transmitting and receiving unit of the information processing device 700 receives orders for the exchange of tokens and crypto assets from user terminals 500 operated by users, including general investor 5 (step S1201). In the case of an exchange of tokens and crypto assets, the order details include the quantity of tokens and the type of crypto asset to be exchanged (e.g., Bitcoin), and the upper limit, lower limit, and range of the exchange rate may also be specified. The control unit matches the exchange orders (step S1202). More specifically, it determines whether there is an order from another user that matches an order from a given user. For example, if general investor 5 places an order to exchange tokens for Bitcoin, and user X has an order to exchange Bitcoin for tokens, and the exchange quantity and exchange rate can be agreed upon, then a match is made.

[0078] If a match is found, the control unit sends information regarding the change of token ownership to the blockchain network 800 (step S1203). In the example above, user X becomes the token owner. The control unit generates a transaction to send the cryptocurrency to the new owner and sends it to the cryptocurrency's blockchain network (step S1204). In the example above, a transaction is generated to send Bitcoin from user X to general investor 5 and sent to the Bitcoin blockchain network. The sending / receiving unit sends a notification of order completion to the information processing device of each user whose match has been found (step S1205).

[0079] Thus, tokens can be exchanged for other crypto assets by placing an exchange order with a crypto asset exchange that handles tokens. Furthermore, a user who newly acquires tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities (user X in the example above) can receive the same benefits as the owner of the real estate securitized product or deemed securities, namely dividend payments, for the period during which they hold the tokens.

[0080] Furthermore, the cryptocurrency exchange operator 7 can earn the difference between the buying and selling prices as a fee, even in the case of the exchange of the aforementioned tokens for other cryptocurrencies, just as in the case of exchanges between other cryptocurrencies. When the information processing device 700 generates a transaction to send cryptocurrencies to a new owner and sends it to the cryptocurrency blockchain network, the wallet on the user terminal 500 operated by general investor 5 stores information about the tokens minus the amount of the tokens exchanged, and the wallet on the information processing device operated by user X stores information about the tokens obtained through the exchange (token ID, etc.). When a transaction is generated to send Bitcoin from user X to general investor 5 and sends it to the Bitcoin blockchain network, the wallet on the information processing device operated by user X stores the balance minus the exchanged Bitcoin, and the wallet on the user terminal 500 stores the Bitcoin balance, etc.

[0081] Figure 13 is a flowchart illustrating the distribution processing procedure performed by the information processing device 200. The distribution calculation and distribution processing performed by the information processing device 200 operated by the anonymous partnership 2 or SPC2 are described below. The recipients of the distribution are the owners of the real estate securitized product or deemed securities, and the owners of the tokens representing the real estate securitized product or deemed securities. The distribution is calculated based on the appraised value of the real estate at a predetermined point in time as stipulated in the contract with anonymous partnership 2 or SPC2. This predetermined point in time may be once a year or multiple times a year.

[0082] The control unit of the information processing device 200 obtains information from the blockchain network 800 regarding real estate securitized products or deemed securities, and tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities (step S1301). The information regarding real estate securitized products or deemed securities includes the security ID and ownership period owned by each user ID indicating the owner during the distribution calculation period (for example, one year from October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021), and the real estate ID that forms the basis for generating the real estate securitized product or deemed securities for each security ID. The information regarding tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities includes the token ID and ownership period owned by each user ID indicating the owner during the distribution calculation period, and the real estate ID that forms the basis for generating the real estate securitized product or deemed securities for each token ID. This information is obtained from blocks in the blockchain network 800.

[0083] The control unit calculates the distribution amount for each owner of the real estate securitized product or deemed securities and tokens based on the distribution rate of the previous valuation year (step S1302). The distribution amount is calculated according to the distribution rate. If the total value of the real estate group in the valuation year is lower than the previous year, the operator 1 replaces the real estate as described above to prevent a decrease in the total value of the real estate group and to prevent a decrease in the distribution amount. The transmission / reception unit sends the user ID of the owner and the distribution amount for each owner to the blockchain network 800 (step S1303). The distribution amount is sent to the owner in tokens as a general rule. It is also possible to send the amount in cash, cryptocurrency, points, etc., if desired, but in the case of cash, cryptocurrency, points, etc., an exchange fee will be required separately for exchanging the tokens for cash, cryptocurrency, points, etc. When the information processing device 200 sends the user ID of the owner and the distribution amount for each owner to the blockchain network 800, information about the tokens that are the distribution amount (token ID, etc.) is stored in the wallet on the user terminal 500 operated by the owner.

[0084] In this way, owners of real estate securitized products or deemed securities, and tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities, can receive distributions calculated at the intervals specified in the contract (for example, once a year, monthly, etc.). Because various information such as the creation of real estate securitized products or deemed securities, and changes of ownership due to transfer, etc., are stored chronologically on the blockchain network 800, it is possible to easily calculate and distribute distributions based on the period the owner has held the real estate securitized products or deemed securities, and tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities.

[0085] Furthermore, by issuing tokens representing real estate securitized products or deemed securities, it is possible to create tokens with new value that distribute dividends based on real estate income, while also providing the market with stable tokens that have less price volatility. In addition, the tokens can be exchanged for crypto assets, fiat currencies, etc., thereby improving convenience for owners.

[0086] As an example of the property extraction process for purchase targets shown in Figure 3 above, the information processing device 100 takes property information (location, nearest station, type of rights, land category, land area, road conditions, construction company / design company, building type, building structure, number of units, parking, total floor area, completion date, elapsed years / statutory useful life, fixed asset tax ratio (land / building), urban planning, zoning, building coverage ratio / floor area ratio, property surrounding environment based on location and map information, operation and management expenses (repair, maintenance costs, etc.)) as input data and generates a learning model that is trained to output the expected yield (cap rate), net yield (effective yield), net profit for each year, or guaranteed yield. Using the generated learning model, the information processing device 100 takes the property information of the target property as input and outputs the expected yield, net yield, net profit for each year, or guaranteed yield of the target property. Based on the results output using the learning model, the information processing device 100 determines whether or not the target property is a target for purchase.

[0087] In the embodiments described above, real estate securitized products or deemed securities without subordinate investment by Operator 1 were explained. However, instead, real estate securitized products or deemed securities in which Operator 1 makes a subordinate investment of a predetermined percentage (for example, 5%) may also be used.

[0088] The hardware configuration of the information processing devices 100-400, 600, and 700, as well as the user terminal 500 and blockchain network 800 according to the above-described embodiment, is a normal computer equipped with one or more processors such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), MPU (Micro-Processing Unit), or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), external storage devices such as ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), and HDD (Hard Disk Drive), and a communication control device. The above-described configuration and functions are realized by the CPU reading and executing programs stored in ROM, RAM, HDD, etc.

[0089] Programs that operate on information processing devices 100-400, 600, 700, user terminals 500, blockchain network 800, etc., may be stored on a computer connected to a network N such as the Internet and provided by downloading them via network N, or they may be provided as installable or executable files recorded on computer-readable storage media such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, USB memory sticks, or SD cards. Furthermore, programs that realize the above-mentioned functions and processes may be provided in the form of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces), SaaS (Software as a Service), or cloud computing.

[0090] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the physical configuration does not necessarily have to be as shown in the figures. Furthermore, the present invention can be configured by functionally or physically dividing, integrating, replacing, modifying, or deleting all or part of the components described in the embodiments, depending on various loads and usage conditions. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0091] 10…Transaction management system, 100-400, 600, 700…Information processing device, 500…User terminal, 800…Blockchain network, N…Network

Claims

1. A transaction management system that connects a blockchain network that stores information on real estate securitized products or deemed securities, and an information processing device via the network, The aforementioned information processing device is A real estate selection means that determines whether the appraised value of each subject real estate at a predetermined time is equal to or greater than the initial appraised value when it is incorporated into a real estate securitization product or deemed securities, and if it is determined that it is not equal to or greater than the initial appraised value, selects a real estate corresponding to the initial appraised value, A replacement means that replaces real estate corresponding to real estate securitized products or deemed securities stored in the blockchain network with real estate selected by the real estate selection means, and transmits the replacement result to the blockchain network. A distribution calculation means that calculates the distribution amount for each owner of real estate securitized products or deemed securities based on the real estate securitized products or deemed securities owned by each owner and the holding period, which are stored in the blockchain network at a second predetermined time, A transmission means for transmitting the user ID that identifies the owner and the distribution amount to the blockchain network in association with each other. A transaction management system characterized by having the following features.

2. The transaction management system according to Claim 1, wherein the real estate selection means determines whether the appraised value of each subject real estate at the first predetermined time is equal to or greater than the initial appraised value when it is incorporated into a real estate securitization product or deemed securities, and if it is determined that it is equal to or greater than the initial appraised value, the real estate is not selected.

3. The transaction management system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the distribution is a token representing a real estate securitized product or a deemed security.

4. A transaction management method performed by computers connected via a blockchain network that stores information about real estate securitized products or deemed securities, The first step involves determining whether the appraised value of each subject property at a predetermined time is equal to or greater than the initial appraised value when it is incorporated into a real estate securitization product or deemed securities, and if it is determined that it is not equal to or greater than the initial appraised value, then selecting a property that corresponds to the initial appraised value. A replacement step involves replacing the real estate corresponding to the real estate securitized product or deemed securities stored in the blockchain network with the real estate selected in the real estate selection step, and transmitting the replacement result to the blockchain network. A distribution calculation step of calculating the distribution amount for each owner of real estate securitized products or deemed securities based on the real estate securitized products or deemed securities owned by each owner and the holding period, which are stored in the blockchain network at a second predetermined time, A transmission step that associates the user ID identifying the owner with the distribution amount and sends it to the blockchain network, A transaction management method characterized by including the following.

5. The transaction management method according to Claim 4, wherein the real estate selection step determines whether the appraised value of each subject real estate at the first predetermined time is equal to or greater than the initial appraised value when it is incorporated into a real estate securitization product or deemed securities, and if it is determined that it is equal to or greater than the initial appraised value, the real estate is not selected.

6. A transaction management program characterized by causing a computer to execute the transaction management method described in Claim 4 or Claim 5.

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