Dynamically flexible automotive interior display system

Abstract

To provide dynamically bendable cover substrates and automotive interior display systems that exhibit improved headform impact performance.SOLUTION: A system includes: a display, a dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly disposed to cover the display, where the cover substrate assembly comprises a cover substrate with a bend axis; and a reversible support that is attached to at least a portion of the cover substrate and dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bend axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the system includes one or more frames that partially house the display and are attached to the cover substrate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2B

Description

Cross-reference of related applications

[0001] This application claims priority under Section 119 of the United States Patent Act to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 789,888 filed on 8 January 2019, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 789,513 filed on 7 January 2019, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 777,236 filed on 10 December 2018, the contents of which are relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. This application is also a divisional application of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-522802 filed on 9 December 2019. [Technical Field]

[0002] This disclosure relates to a dynamically bendable cover substrate and an automotive interior display system, and more particularly to a dynamically bendable automotive interior display system comprising a bidirectional support that dynamically bends the cover substrate sequentially from at least a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and then back to the first radius of curvature. [Background technology]

[0003] An automotive interior system may include a surface incorporating a display and / or touch panel and a cover substrate positioned to cover the display and / or touch panel. It is desirable to change the shape of this surface, particularly dynamically, according to the needs or preferences of the viewer. Even with such dynamic movement, the automotive interior system must still be able to meet the requirements of a rigorous headform impact test (HIT). In some cases, the cover substrate must not be destroyed after the impact in the HIT. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] Therefore, there is a demand for dynamically bending cover substrates and automotive interior display systems with improved head-form collision performance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] A first aspect of the present disclosure relates to a dynamically bendable cover substrate. In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate includes: a first large face; a second large face opposite the first large face; a small face connecting the first large face and the second large face; a thickness defined as the distance between the first large face and the second large face; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first large face and the second large face; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first large face and the second large face; and a bending axis, which can be dynamically bent about the bending axis in iterative cycles from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature, and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0006] A second aspect of this disclosure is: display; A dynamically bending type cover substrate assembly positioned to cover the above-mentioned display, wherein the cover substrate assembly comprises a cover substrate having: a first large surface; a second large surface opposite to the first large surface; a small surface connecting the first large surface and the second large surface; a thickness defined as the distance between the first large surface and the second large surface; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; and a bending axis; and A bidirectional support is attached to at least a portion of the second large surface of the cover substrate and dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from the first radius of curvature to the second radius of curvature, and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature. This relates to a display system that includes the following features.

[0007] A third aspect of this disclosure is: A first frame having a first frame surface, a second frame surface on the opposite side of the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A display disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface; A dynamic bending type cover substrate disposed on the first frame surface to cover the display, the cover substrate having: a first major surface; a second major surface on the opposite side of the first major surface; a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface; a thickness defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first major surface and the second major surface; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first major surface and the second major surface; and a dynamic bending type cover substrate assembly having a bending axis; and A bi-directional support attached to at least a portion of the second frame surface for dynamically bending the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature; Relates to a display system comprising.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the display system is: A second frame including a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, the frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and the frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; and A second display disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface of the second frame including, the bi-directional support being attached to the second frame surface of the first frame and the second frame surface of the second frame and positioned between the first frame and the second frame. In one or more embodiments, the bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

[0009] As used herein, throughout the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, when using a display, the display may be replaced with a touch panel or a touch panel may be added and used with the display.

[0010] Further features and advantages are described in the following "Detailed Description of the Invention", and some of them will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the "Detailed Description of the Invention", or will be readily understood by those skilled in the art by practicing embodiments such as those described in the following "Detailed Description of the Invention", the claims, and the accompanying drawings.

[0011] The above-mentioned "Summary of the Invention" and the following "Modes for Carrying Out the Invention" are merely illustrative and intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and features of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide further understanding and are incorporated herein and constitute part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with this description, serve to illustrate the principles and operation of various embodiments. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] A perspective view of a known dynamic bending type automotive interior display system when the cover substrate has a first radius of curvature. [Figure 2A] Perspective view of the system in Figure 1 when the cover substrate has a second radius of curvature. [Figure 2B] Enlarged view of the system in Figure 2A [Figure 3A] Front view of a dynamic bending automotive interior display system with bidirectional supports, according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 3B] Rear view of the system in Figure 3A [Figure 4A] Top view of the system (Figures 3A-3B) [Figure 4B] Top view of the system (Figures 3A-3B) [Figure 5A] Bidirectional support embodiment [Figure 5B] Bidirectional support embodiment [Figure 5C] Bidirectional support embodiment [Figure 6A] Bidirectional support embodiment [Figure 6B] Bidirectional support embodiment [Figure 6C] Bidirectional support embodiment [Figure 6D] Bidirectional support embodiment [Figure 7A] Two-component bidirectional support according to one or more embodiments [Figure 7B] Two-component bidirectional support according to one or more embodiments [Figure 8A]Two-component bidirectional support according to one or more embodiments [Figure 8B] Two-component bidirectional support according to one or more embodiments [Figure 9A] This is a perspective view of a dynamically bending automotive interior display system equipped with a cover substrate, which has a cold-bent portion and is dynamically bent toward the passenger from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature. [Figure 9B] This is a perspective view of a dynamically bending automotive interior display system equipped with a cover substrate, which has a cold-bent portion and is dynamically bent toward the driver from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature. [Figure 10A] This is a front view of a cold-bent glass article cover substrate having a plurality of curved portions having concave and convex portions, and at least one bending axis, the cover substrate being able to be dynamically bent around the bending axis. [Figure 10B] Front perspective view of the cold-bent glass article cover substrate shown in Figure 10A. [Figure 10C] Top view of the cold-bent glass article cover substrate shown in Figure 10A. [Figure 11A] Side view of a foldable cover circuit board. [Figure 11B] Side view of a foldable cover circuit board. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] Various embodiments will now be referenced in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

[0014] In known display systems such as system 10 shown in Figure 1, the cover substrate of a dynamically bending display system is not supported when the cover substrate is bent. As shown in Figure 1, the cover substrate is partially attached to the frame, allowing for local dynamic bending in the non-attached region 20, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B. Figure 2A shows a cover substrate with a first radius of curvature, and Figure 2B shows a cover substrate dynamically bent to have a second radius of curvature. As used herein, the phrase “radius of curvature” refers to the radius of curvature of the cover substrate of the first large face, the second large face, or both the first and second large faces adjacent to the bending axis (not the local radius of curvature). The radius of curvature is the minimum radius of curvature in a given configuration. Without sufficient support, structural integrity is provided solely by the cover substrate, increasing the risk of local stress or local bending occurring within the cover substrate during use (or when the cover substrate is dynamically bent). The lack of support on the bending axis results in reduced rigidity and decreased resistance during HIT.

[0015] A first aspect of this disclosure relates to a dynamic bending display system including a bidirectional support. In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support bends easily, provides local support to the cover substrate along the bending axis, and does not damage the cover substrate.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the dynamic bending automotive interior display system 100 includes a display 150 and dynamic bending cover substrate assemblies (120, 130, and 140) arranged to cover the display. In embodiments, the display may be replaced with a touch panel or may have touch functionality. In one or more embodiments, the system 100 includes an adhesive between the cover substrate assemblies and the display. A cover substrate assembly of one or more embodiments includes a cover substrate 120 having: a first large face 121; a second large face 122 opposite the first large face; a small face 126 connecting the first and second large faces; a thickness defined as the distance between the first and second large faces; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first and second large faces; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the other of the first and second large faces; and a bending axis 125 defining the bending axis. Where used herein, thickness (t) refers to the maximum thickness of the cover substrate. In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate has a plurality of bending axes. The bending axes may extend across the entire width, the entire length, or diagonally of the cover substrate.

[0017] The cover substrate may contain inorganic materials, including amorphous substrates, crystalline substrates, or combinations thereof. The cover substrate may be formed from artificial and / or natural materials (e.g., quartz and polymers). In some examples, the cover substrate may be characterized as organic and, more specifically, polymeric. Examples of suitable polymers include, but are not limited to, polystyrene (PS) (including styrene copolymers and mixtures), polycarbonate (PC) (including copolymers and mixtures), polyester (including copolymers and mixtures, including polyethylene terephthalate-polyethylene terephthalate copolymer), polyolefin (PO) and cyclic polyolefin (cyclic PO), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic polymers including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (including copolymers and mixtures), thermoplastic urethane (TPU), polyetherimide (PEI), thermoplastic polymers, and mixtures of these polymers. Other exemplary polymers include epoxy resins, styrene resins, phenolic resins, melamine resins, and silicone resins.

[0018] In some specific embodiments, the cover substrate may be a polymer substrate, a plastic substrate, and / or a metal substrate. In one or more embodiments, the refractive index of the substrate may be about 1.45 to about 1.55. In specific embodiments, the cover substrate may have a mean fracture strain on one or more opposing large faces, measured using a ball-on-ring test with at least 5, at least 10, at least 15, or at least 20 samples, of 0.5% or more, 0.6% or more, 0.7% or more, 0.8% or more, 0.9% or more, 1% or more, 1.1% or more, 1.2% or more, 1.3% or more, 1.4% or more, 1.5% or more, or even 2% or more. In specific embodiments, the cover substrate may have an average fracture strain on one or more opposing large surfaces, where the average fracture strain on the surface is approximately 1.2%, approximately 1.4%, approximately 1.6%, approximately 1.8%, approximately 2.2%, approximately 2.4%, approximately 2.6%, approximately 2.8%, or approximately 3% or more.

[0019] A suitable modulus of elasticity (or Young's modulus) for the cover substrate may be about 30 GPa to about 120 GPa. In some examples, the modulus of elasticity of the substrate may be about 30 GPa to about 110 GPa, about 30 GPa to about 100 GPa, about 30 GPa to about 90 GPa, about 30 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 30 GPa to about 70 GPa, about 40 GPa to about 120 GPa, about 50 GPa to about 120 GPa, about 60 GPa to about 120 GPa, about 70 GPa to about 120 GPa, and all and partial ranges in between.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate may include an amorphous substrate, which may include a glass article. The glass article may be tempered or not. Examples of suitable glass composition families used for forming the glass article include soda-lime glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali aluminoborosilicate glass. In one or more alternative embodiments, the cover substrate may include a crystalline substrate such as a glass-ceramic article (which may be tempered or not), or a single-crystal structure such as sapphire. In one or more specific embodiments, the cover substrate includes an amorphous base (e.g., glass) and a crystalline cladding (e.g., a sapphire layer, a polycrystalline alumina layer, and / or a spinel (MgAl2O4) layer).

[0021] The cover substrate may be substantially sheet-like, but other embodiments may utilize a curved or otherly shaped or engraved substrate. The cover substrate may be substantially optically transparent, clear, and non-scattering. In such embodiments, the average light transmittance of the cover substrate over a range of light wavelengths may be about 85% or more, about 86% or more, about 87% or more, about 88% or more, about 89% or more, about 90% or more, about 91% or more, or about 92% or more. In one or more alternative embodiments, the cover substrate may be opaque, or the average light transmittance over a range of light wavelengths may be less than about 10%, less than about 9%, less than about 8%, less than about 7%, less than about 6%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, less than 1%, or less than 0%. In some embodiments, these light transmittance values ​​are total transmittance values ​​(considering transmittance through both large faces of the substrate). The substrate 110 may optionally exhibit colors such as white, black, red, blue, green, yellow, or orange.

[0022] The cover substrate assembly also includes a bidirectional support attached to at least a portion of the second large face of the cover substrate. The bidirectional support can or dynamically bend the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature, and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature. This sequence is referred to herein as a “cycle”. In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support can or dynamically bend the cover substrate along the bending axis from a flat shape (viewed from the first large face) to a concave shape and back to a flat shape. In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support can or dynamically bend the cover substrate along the bending axis from a flat shape (viewed from the first large face) to a convex shape and back to a flat shape. In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support can or dynamically bend the cover substrate along the bending axis from a concave shape (viewed from the first large face) to a convex shape and back to a concave shape. In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support can dynamically bend the cover substrate along the bending axis from a convex state (viewed from the first large surface) to a concave state and then back to a convex state, or dynamically bends it.

[0023] In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature is greater than the second radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature is 2, 3, 4, or 5 times greater than the second radius of curvature. In one or more specific embodiments, the first radius of curvature is approximately 2,500 mm to infinity (i.e., the radius of curvature at which the cover substrate has a flat configuration), or approximately 10,000 mm to infinity. In one or more embodiments, the second radius of curvature is approximately 20mm to 10,000mm, approximately 20mm to 9,000mm, approximately 20mm to 8,000mm, approximately 20mm to 7,000mm, approximately 20mm to 6,000mm, approximately 20mm to 5,000mm, approximately 20mm to 4,000mm, approximately 20mm to 3,000mm, approximately 20mm to 2,000mm, approximately 20mm to 1,000mm, approximately 20mm to 750mm, approximately 20mm to 500mm, and approximately 20mm to 250mm. mm, about 50mm to about 10,000mm, about 75mm to about 10,000mm, about 100mm to about 10,000mm, about 200mm to about 10,000mm, about 300mm to about 10,000mm, about 400mm to about 10,000mm, about 500mm to about 10,000mm, about 600mm to about 10,000mm, about 700mm to about 10,000mm, about 800mm to about 10,000mm, about 900mm to about 10,000mm, about 1,000mm to about 10,000mm, about 1,100mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 1,200mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 1,300mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 1,400mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 1,500mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 1,600mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 1,700mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 1,800mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 1,900mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 2,000mm~approx. 10,000mm, approx. 2,100mm~approx. 10,000mm, The ranges are approximately 2,200mm to 10,000mm, 2,300mm to 10,000mm, 2,400mm to 10,000mm, 2,500mm to 10,000mm, 3,000mm to 10,000mm, 3,500mm to 10,000mm, 4,000mm to 10,000mm, 5,000mm to 10,000mm, 7,500mm to 10,000mm, 20mm to 1,000mm, or 400mm to 10,000mm.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, where the first radius of curvature is approximately 10,000 nm or less, the cover substrate has a curve and is then dynamically bent along the bending axis. In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate includes a cold-bent cover substrate. As used herein, the term “cold-bent” or “cold-bending” refers to bending the cover substrate at a cold-bent temperature below the softening point of glass (as described herein). Often, the cold-bent temperature is room temperature. The term “cold-bendable” refers to the cover substrate being cold-bent. In one or more embodiments, the cold-bent cover substrate may include a glass article or a glass-ceramic article, which may optionally be reinforced. In a relatively large number of embodiments, a feature of the cold-bent cover substrate is the asymmetric surface compressive stress between the first large surface 121 and the second large surface 122. In one or more embodiments, before the cold-bent process or before cold-bending, the compressive stresses of the first large surface 121 and the second large surface 122 of the cover substrate are approximately equal. In one or more embodiments where the cover substrate is not reinforced, the first large surface 121 and the second large surface 122 do not exhibit significant compressive stress (CS) prior to cold bending. In one or more embodiments where the cover substrate is reinforced (as described herein), the first large surface 121 and the second large surface 122 exhibit substantially equal compressive stresses prior to cold bending. In one or more embodiments, after cold bending, the CS of the concave surface increases, and the CS of the convex surface decreases. In other words, the CS of the concave surface is greater after cold bending than before cold bending. Although not constrained by theory, the cold bending process compensates for the tensile stresses applied during cold bending by increasing the CS of the molded cover substrate. In one or more embodiments, the cold bending process causes the concave surface to experience compressive stress, while the surface that forms a convex shape after cold bending experiences tensile stress. The tensile stress experienced by the convex surface after cold bending results in a net reduction in surface compressive stress, so that the compressive stress on the convex surface of the reinforced cover substrate after cold bending is less than the compressive stress on the surface when the cover substrate is flat.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate may be a hot-formed glass article which is permanently curved and has a first large surface and a second large surface that are identical CS.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, the thickness (t) of the cover substrate is approximately 1.5 mm or less. In one or more embodiments, the thickness (t) of the cover substrate is greater than approximately 0.125 mm (for example, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more, approximately 0.13 mm or more).For example, the thicknesses are approximately 0.01mm to 1.5mm, 0.02mm to 1.5mm, 0.03mm to 1.5mm, 0.04mm to 1.5mm, 0.05mm to 1.5mm, 0.06mm to 1.5mm, 0.07mm to 1.5mm, 0.08mm to 1.5mm, 0.09mm to 1.5mm, 0.1mm to 1.5mm, 0.15mm to 1.5mm, 0.2mm to 1.5mm, 0.25mm to 1.5mm, 0.3mm to 1.5mm, 0.35mm to 1.5mm, and 0.4mm. m~approx. 1.5mm, approx. 0.45mm~approx. 1.5mm, approx. 0.5mm~approx. 1.5mm, approx. 0.55mm~approx. 1.5mm, approx. 0.6mm~approx. 1.5mm, approx. 0.65mm~approx. 1.5mm, approx. 0.7mm~approx. 1.5mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 1.4mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 1.3mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 1.2mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 1.1mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 1.05mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 1mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.95mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.9mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0. 85mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.8mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.75mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.7mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.65mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.6mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.55mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.5mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.4mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.3mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.2mm, approx. 0.01mm~approx. 0.1mm, approx. 0.04mm~approx. 0.07mm, approx. 0.1mm~approx. 1.4mm, approx. 0.1mm~approx. 1.3mm, approx. 0.1mm~approx. 1 It may be 0.2mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 1.1mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 1.05mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 1mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.95mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.9mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.85mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.8mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.75mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.7mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.65mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.6mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.55mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.5mm, approximately 0.1mm to approximately 0.4mm, or approximately 0.3mm to approximately 0.7mm.

[0027] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the cover substrate is substantially uniform in that the bending axis has substantially the same thickness as the rest of the cover substrate. For example, the thickness of the cover substrate does not vary by more than ±10%, 5%, or 2% across the total surface area of ​​the first large surface, the second large surface, or both the first and second large surfaces. In one or more embodiments, the thickness is substantially constant (average thickness within ±1%) across 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total surface area of ​​the first large surface, the second large surface, or both the first and second large surfaces.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, the width (W) of the cover substrate is about 5 cm to about 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm. m, approx. 25cm~250cm, approx. 30cm~250cm, approx. 35cm~250cm, approx. 40cm~250cm, approx. 45cm~250cm, approx. 50cm~ Approx. 250cm, Approx. 55cm~Approx. 250cm, Approx. 60cm~Approx. 250cm, Approx. 65cm~Approx. 250cm, Approx. 70cm~Approx. 250cm, Approx. 80cm~250cm, 85cm~250cm, 90cm~250cm, 95cm~250cm, 100cm~250cm, 110cm~250cm The ranges are 250cm, approximately 120cm to 250cm, approximately 130cm to 250cm, approximately 140cm to 250cm, approximately 150cm to 250cm, approximately 5cm to 240cm, approximately 5cm to 230cm, approximately 5cm to 220cm, approximately 5cm to 210cm, approximately 5cm to 200cm, approximately 5cm to 190cm, approximately 5cm to 180cm, approximately 5cm to 170cm, approximately 5cm to 160cm, approximately 5cm to 150cm, approximately 5cm to 140cm, approximately 5cm to 130cm, approximately 5cm to 120cm, approximately 5cm to 110cm, approximately 5cm to 110cm, approximately 5cm to 100cm, approximately 5cm to 90cm, approximately 5cm to 80cm, or approximately 5cm to 75cm.

[0029] In one or more embodiments, the length (L) of the cover substrate is about 5 cm to about 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm. cm, about 25cm to about 250cm, about 30cm to about 250cm, about 35cm to about 250cm, about 40cm to about 250cm, about 45cm to about 250cm, about 50cm ~250cm, approximately 55cm~250cm, approximately 60cm~250cm, approximately 65cm~250cm, approximately 70cm~250cm, approximately 75cm~250cm, Approx. 80cm~250cm, approx. 85cm~250cm, approx. 90cm~250cm, approx. 95cm~250cm, approx. 100cm~250cm, approx. 110cm~ The ranges are approximately 250cm, 120cm to 250cm, 130cm to 250cm, 140cm to 250cm, 150cm to 250cm, 5cm to 240cm, 5cm to 230cm, 5cm to 220cm, 5cm to 210cm, 5cm to 200cm, 5cm to 190cm, 5cm to 180cm, 5cm to 170cm, 5cm to 160cm, 5cm to 150cm, 5cm to 140cm, 5cm to 130cm, 5cm to 120cm, 5cm to 110cm, 5cm to 110cm, 5cm to 100cm, 5cm to 90cm, 5cm to 80cm, or 5cm to 75cm.

[0030] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate includes a reinforced glass article or a glass-ceramic article. In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate has a compressive stress (CS) region extending from one or both of the large surfaces 121, 122 to a first compression depth (DOC). The CS region has a maximum CS magnitude (CS max ) includes. The glass article or glass ceramic has a CT region located in the central region, extending from the DOC to the opposite CS region. The CT region has a maximum CT magnitude (CT max The CS region and CT region define the stress profile that extends along the thickness of the glass article or glass ceramic.

[0031] In one or more embodiments, a glass article or a glass-ceramic article can be mechanically strengthened by taking advantage of a mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between multiple portions of the article, thereby creating a region of compressive stress and a central region that exhibits tensile stress. In some embodiments, the cover substrate can be thermally strengthened by heating the glass to a temperature above its glass transition temperature and then rapidly cooling it.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, a glass article or a glass-ceramic article can be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In the ion exchange process, ions on or near the surface of the glass article or glass-ceramic article are replaced (i.e., exchanged) with relatively large ions that have the same valence or oxidation state. In embodiments where the glass article or glass-ceramic article includes an alkali aluminosilicate glass, the ions in the surface layer of the article and the relatively large ions are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + . Alternatively, the monovalent cations in the surface layer may be replaced with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag + . In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) that enter the glass article or glass-ceramic article upon exchange generate stress.

[0033] The ion exchange process is typically carried out by immersing the glass article or glass-ceramic article in one or more molten salt baths containing relatively large ions that are to be exchanged with relatively small ions in the glass article or glass-ceramic article. Note that aqueous molten salt baths may also be used. Further, the composition of one or more baths can include two or more types of relatively large ions (e.g., Na + and K +It will be understood by those skilled in the art that parameters relating to the ion exchange process, including but not limited to the composition and temperature of the bath, immersion time, the number of glass or glass-ceramic articles immersed in one or more salt baths, the use of multiple salt baths, and additional steps such as annealing and washing, are generally determined by the composition of the glass or glass-ceramic article of the dead-front structure (including the structure of the article and any crystalline phase present), and the desired CS, DOC, and CT values ​​of the glass or glass-ceramic article obtained by strengthening. The composition of an exemplary molten salt bath may include nitrates, sulfates, and hydrochlorides of relatively large alkali metal ions. Typical nitrates include KNO3, NaNO3, LiNO3, NaSO4, and combinations thereof. The temperature of the molten salt bath is typically about 380°C to about 450°C, and the immersion time is about 15 minutes to about 100 hours, depending on the thickness of the glass or glass-ceramic article, the bath temperature, and the diffusivity of the glass (or monovalent ions). However, different temperatures and immersion times than those mentioned above can also be used.

[0034] In one or more embodiments, a glass or glass-ceramic article may be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNO3, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNO3 and KNO3 at about 370°C to about 480°C. In some embodiments, a glass or glass-ceramic article may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath containing about 1% to about 99% KNO3 and about 1% to about 99% NaNO3. In one or more embodiments, a glass or glass-ceramic article may be immersed in a first bath and then in a second bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and / or temperatures. The immersion times in the first and second salt baths may vary. For example, immersion in the first bath may be longer than immersion in the second bath.

[0035] In one or more embodiments, a glass article or glass ceramic article may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath containing NaNO3 and KNO3 (e.g., 49% / 51%, 50% / 50%, 51% / 49%) at a temperature of less than about 420°C (e.g., about 400°C or about 380°C) for less than about 5 hours or about 4 hours or less. In one or more embodiments, a cover substrate is immersed in a first mixed molten salt bath (e.g., 75% KNO3 / 25% NaNO3) at a temperature of 430°C for 8 hours, and then immersed for a shorter period (e.g., about 4 hours) in a second molten salt bath of pure KNO3 at a lower temperature than the first mixed molten salt bath. In one or more embodiments, a glass article or glass ceramic article can be chemically strengthened by immersing it for 8 hours in a first bath having a composition of 75% KNO3 and 25% NaNO3 and a bath temperature of 430°C, and then immersing it for 4 hours in a second bath having a composition of 100% KNO3 and a bath temperature of 390°C.

[0036] By adjusting the ion exchange conditions, it is possible to provide or increase the gradient of the stress profile on or near the surface of the resulting glass or glass-ceramic article. The spike can result in a higher CS value. This spike can be achieved by a single bath or multiple baths, where the one or more baths have a single composition or a mixed composition, due to the unique properties of the glass composition used in the glass or glass-ceramic article described herein.

[0037] In one or more embodiments in which two or more monovalent ions enter a glass or glass-ceramic article by exchange, a plurality of different monovalent ions may be exchanged to a plurality of different depths within the glass or glass-ceramic article (and a plurality of stresses of different magnitudes may be generated at the plurality of different depths within the glass or glass-ceramic article). As a result, the relative depths of the plurality of stress-generating ions can be determined to obtain the characteristics of a plurality of different stress profiles.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, the CS of a glass article or glass ceramic article maxThis is approximately 900 MPa or more, approximately 920 MPa or more, approximately 940 MPa or more, approximately 950 MPa or more, approximately 960 MPa or more, approximately 980 MPa or more, approximately 1000 MPa or more, approximately 1020 MPa or more, approximately 1040 MPa or more, approximately 1050 MPa or more, approximately 1060 MPa or more, approximately 1080 MPa or more, approximately 1100 MPa or more, approximately 1120 MPa or more, approximately 1140 MPa or more, approximately 1150 MPa or more, approximately 1160 MPa or more, approximately 1180 MPa or more, approximately 1200 MPa or more, approximately 1220 MPa or more, approximately 1240 MPa or more, approximately 1250 MPa or more, approximately 1260 MPa or more, approximately 1280 MPa or more, or approximately 1300 MPa or more. In one or more embodiments, CS maxThese ranges are approximately 900MPa to 1500MPa, 920MPa to 1500MPa, 940MPa to 1500MPa, 950MPa to 1500MPa, 960MPa to 1500MPa, 980MPa to 1500MPa, 1000MPa to 1500MPa, 1020MPa to 1500MPa, 1040MPa to 1500MPa, 1050MPa to 1500MPa, 1060MPa to 1500MPa, 1080MPa to 1500MPa, 1100MPa to 1500MPa, and 1120MPa to 1500MPa. 1500MPa, about 1140MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1150MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1160MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1180MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1200MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1220MPa to about 1500MPa, about 124 0MPa ~ approx. 1500MPa, approx. 1250MPa ~ approx. 1500MPa, approx. 1260MPa ~ approx. 1500MPa, approx. 1280MPa ~ approx. 1500MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1450MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1440MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1420MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1400MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1380MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1360MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1350MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1340MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1320MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1300MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1280MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1260MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1250MPa, approx. 900MPa~approx. 1240MPa, approx. 90 The pressure ranges are 0 MPa to approximately 1220 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1210 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1200 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1180 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1160 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1150 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1140 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1120 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1100 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1080 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1060 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to approximately 1050 MPa, approximately 950 MPa to approximately 1050 MPa, or approximately 1000 MPa to approximately 1050 MPa. CS maxIt can be measured on the large surface, or found at a certain depth from the large surface within the CS region.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, the glass article or glass ceramic article has a CS magnitude (CS) at a depth of about 10 micrometers from the first large surface 102 of the glass article or glass ceramic article. 10 ) has a stress profile of 800 MPa or more. In one or more embodiments, CS 10 This is approximately 810 MPa or higher, approximately 820 MPa or higher, approximately 830 MPa or higher, approximately 840 MPa or higher, approximately 850 MPa or higher, approximately 860 MPa or higher, approximately 870 MPa or higher, approximately 880 MPa or higher, approximately 890 MPa or higher, or approximately 900 MPa or higher. In one or more embodiments, CS 10 These ranges are approximately 800 MPa to 1000 MPa, approximately 825 MPa to 1000 MPa, approximately 850 MPa to 1000 MPa, approximately 875 MPa to 1000 MPa, approximately 900 MPa to 1000 MPa, approximately 925 MPa to 1000 MPa, approximately 950 MPa to 1000 MPa, approximately 800 MPa to 975 MPa, approximately 800 MPa to 950 MPa, approximately 800 MPa to 925 MPa, approximately 800 MPa to 900 MPa, approximately 800 MPa to 875 MPa, or approximately 800 MPa to 850 MPa.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, the glass article or glass-ceramic article has a stress profile in which the CS magnitude (CS5) at a depth of about 5 micrometers from the first large surface 102 of the glass article is 700 MPa or more or about 750 MPa or more. In one or more embodiments, the CS5 is about 760 MPa or more, about 770 MPa or more, about 775 MPa or more, about 780 MPa or more, about 790 MPa or more, about 800 MPa or more, about 810 MPa or more, about 820 MPa or more, about 825 MPa or more, or about 830 MPa or more. In one or more embodiments, CS5 is approximately 700 MPa to approximately 900 MPa, approximately 725 MPa to approximately 900 MPa, approximately 750 MPa to approximately 900 MPa, approximately 775 MPa to approximately 900 MPa, approximately 800 MPa to approximately 900 MPa, approximately 825 MPa to approximately 900 MPa, approximately 850 MPa to approximately 900 MPa, approximately 700 MPa to approximately 875 MPa, approximately 700 MPa to approximately 850 MPa, approximately 700 MPa to approximately 825 MPa, approximately 700 MPa to approximately 800 MPa, approximately 700 MPa to approximately 775 MPa, approximately 750 to approximately 800 MPa, approximately 750 MPa to approximately 850 MPa, or approximately 700 MPa to approximately 750 MPa.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, the glass article or glass-ceramic article is located or present at a depth of approximately 0.25t to approximately 0.75t within the glass article or glass-ceramic article. max It has a stress profile accompanied by CT. In one or more embodiments, CT maxThese ranges from approximately 0.25t to 0.74t, 0.25t to 0.72t, 0.25t to 0.70t, 0.25t to 0.68t, 0.25t to 0.66t, 0.25t to 0.65t, 0.25t to 0.62t, 0.25t to 0.60t, 0.25t to 0.58t, 0.25t to 0.56t, 0.25t to 0.55t, 0.25t to 0.54t, 0.25t to 0.52t, 0.25t to 0.50t, 0.26t to 0.75t, 0.28t to 0.75t, and 0.30 It is present or located at a depth of approximately t to 0.75t, approximately 0.32t to 0.75t, approximately 0.34t to 0.75t, approximately 0.35t to 0.75t, approximately 0.36t to 0.75t, approximately 0.38t to 0.75t, approximately 0.40t to 0.75t, approximately 0.42t to 0.75t, approximately 0.44t to 0.75t, approximately 0.45t to 0.75t, approximately 0.46t to 0.75t, approximately 0.48t to 0.50t, approximately 0.30t to 0.70t, approximately 0.35t to 0.65t, approximately 0.4t to 0.6t, or approximately 0.45t to 0.55t. In one or more embodiments, CT max The above-mentioned range applies when the glass article or glass-ceramic article has a substantially flat configuration (for example, when the radius of curvature of the cover substrate is greater than approximately 5,000 mm or greater than approximately 10,000 mm).

[0042] In one or more embodiments, CT max The magnitude is approximately 80 MPa or less, approximately 78 MPa or less, approximately 76 MPa or less, approximately 75 MPa or less, approximately 74 MPa or less, approximately 72 MPa or less, approximately 70 MPa or less, approximately 68 MPa or less, approximately 66 MPa or less, approximately 65 MPa or less, approximately 64 MPa or less, approximately 62 MPa or less, approximately 60 MPa or less, approximately 58 MPa or less, approximately 56 MPa or less, approximately 55 MPa or less, approximately 54 MPa or less, approximately 52 MPa or less, or approximately 50 MPa or less. In one or more embodiments, the CT maxThe magnitude is approximately 40 MPa to 80 MPa, 45 MPa to 80 MPa, 50 MPa to 80 MPa, 55 MPa to 80 MPa, 60 MPa to 80 MPa, 65 MPa to 80 MPa, 70 MPa to 80 MPa, 40 MPa to 75 MPa, 40 MPa to 70 MPa, 40 MPa to 65 MPa, 40 MPa to 60 MPa, 40 MPa to 55 MPa, or 40 MPa to 50 MPa. In one or more embodiments, the CT max The above-mentioned range applies when the glass article or glass-ceramic article has a substantially flat structure (for example, when the radius of curvature of the glass article or glass-ceramic article is greater than approximately 5,000 mm or greater than approximately 10,000 mm).

[0043] In one or more embodiments, a portion of the stress profile is parabolic. In some embodiments, the stress profile does not include portions of flat stress (i.e., compressive or tensile stress), i.e., portions exhibiting substantially constant stress (i.e., compressive or tensile stress). In some embodiments, the CT region exhibits a stress profile that does not include substantially flat stress, i.e., substantially constant stress. In one or more embodiments, the stress profile does not include any linear segments extending in the depth direction or along at least a portion of the thickness t of the cover substrate. In other words, the stress profile increases or decreases substantially continuously along the thickness t. In some embodiments, the stress profile does not include any linear segments in the depth direction with a length of about 10 micrometers or more, about 50 micrometers or more, about 100 micrometers or more, or about 200 micrometers or more. As used herein, the term “linear” refers to a gradient along the linear segment having a magnitude of less than about 5 MPa / micrometer or less than about 2 MPa / micrometer. In some embodiments, one or more portions of the stress profile that do not substantially include any linear segments in the depth direction are located in the cover substrate at a depth of about 5 micrometers or more (e.g., 10 micrometers or more, or 15 micrometers or more) from one or both of the first and second surfaces. For example, along a depth of about 0 micrometers to less than 5 micrometers from the first surface, the stress profile may include linear segments, but from a depth of about 5 micrometers or more from the first surface, the stress profile may not substantially include linear segments.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, CT maxAll points in the CT region within 0.1t, 0.15t, 0.2t, or 0.25t of the depth are provided with tangents having a non-zero gradient. In one or more embodiments, all such points are provided with tangents having a gradient of magnitude greater than approximately 0.5 MPa / micrometer, greater than approximately 0.75 MPa / micrometer, greater than approximately 1 MPa / micrometer, greater than approximately 1.5 MPa / micrometer, greater than approximately 2 MPa / micrometer, or greater than approximately 0.5 MPa / micrometer.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, all points of the stress profile at depths of approximately 0.12t or greater (e.g., approximately 0.12t to approximately 0.24t, approximately 0.14t to approximately 0.24t, approximately 0.15t to approximately 0.24t, approximately 0.16t to approximately 0.24t, approximately 0.18t to approximately 0.24t, approximately 0.12t to approximately 0.22t, approximately 0.12t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.12t to approximately 0.18t, approximately 0.12t to approximately 0.16t, approximately 0.12t to approximately 0.15t, approximately 0.12t to approximately 0.14t, or approximately 0.15t to approximately 0.2t) are provided with tangents having a non-zero gradient.

[0046] In one or more embodiments, a glass or glass-ceramic article can be described with respect to the shape of the stress profile along at least a portion of the CT region (112 in Figure 2). For example, in some embodiments, the stress profile along most or all of the CT region can be approximated by an equation. In some embodiments, the stress profile along the CT region is given by equation (1):

[0047]

number

[0048] It can be approximated by the following equation (1). In equation (1), stress (x) is the stress value at position x. Here, stress is positive (tension). CT maxThis represents the maximum central tension as a positive value in MPa. The value x is the position along the thickness (t) in micrometers, with a range of 0 to t, where x=0 is one surface (102 in Figure 2), and x=0.5t is the center of the glass or glass-ceramic article, and stress (x) = CT max And x=t is the opposite surface (104 in Figure 2). CT used in equation (1) max The stress can range from approximately 40 MPa to approximately 80 MPa, and n is a fitting parameter of 1.5 to 5 (e.g., 2 to 4, 2 to 3, or 1.8 to 2.2), where n=2 provides a parabolic stress profile, and exponents deviating from n=2 provide a stress profile close to parabolic.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, the DOC of the glass or glass-ceramic article is about 0.2t or less. For example, the DOC may be about 0.18t or less, about 0.18t or less, about 0.16t or less, about 0.15t or less, about 0.14t or less, about 0.12t or less, about 0.1t or less, about 0.08t or less, about 0.06t or less, about 0.05t or less, about 0.04t or less, or about 0.03t or less. In one or more embodiments, DOC is approximately 0.02t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.04t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.05t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.06t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.08t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.1t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.12t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.14t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.15t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.16t to approximately 0.2t, approximately 0.02t to approximately 0.18 t, about 0.02t to about 0.16t, about 0.02t to about 0.15t, about 0.02t to about 0.14t, about 0.02t to about 0.12t, about 0.02t to about 0.1t, about 0.02t to about 0.08t, about 0.02t to about 0.06t, about 0.02t to about 0.05t, about 0.1t to about 0.8t, about 0.12t to about 0.16t, or about 0.14t to about 0.17t.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, the DOL of a glass article or glass ceramic article is approximately 10 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 12 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 14 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 15 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 16 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 18 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 20 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 22 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 24 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 25 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 26 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 28 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 30 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers, approximately 10 micrometers to approximately 48 micrometers, approximately 10 micrometers to approximately 46 micrometers, and approximately 10 micrometers. The dimensions are approximately 45 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 44 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 42 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 40 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 38 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 36 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 35 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 34 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 32 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 30 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 28 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 26 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 25 micrometers to 10 micrometers, 40 micrometers to 25 micrometers, 35 micrometers to 20 micrometers, or 35 micrometers to 25 micrometers. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the stress profile comprises a spike region 120 extending from a first large surface, a tail region 124, and a knee region 122 between the spike region and the tail region, as shown in Figure 3. The spike region 120 is located within the CS region of the stress profile.In one or more embodiments, all points of the stress profile within the spike region are in the following magnitude ranges: approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, approximately 20 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, approximately 25 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, approximately 30 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, approximately 35 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, approximately 40 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, approximately 45 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, approximately 100 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, approximately 150 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 190 MPa / micrometer, and approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 1 The tangent has a gradient of 80 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 170 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 160 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 150 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 140 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 130 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 120 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 100 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 750 MPa / micrometer, approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 50 MPa / micrometer, approximately 50 MPa / micrometer to approximately 150 MPa / micrometer, or approximately 75 MPa / micrometer to approximately 125 MPa / micrometer.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, all points in the tail region have magnitudes of approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.05 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.1 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.25 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.5 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.75 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, and approximately 1 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer. a / micrometer, approximately 1.25 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, approximately 1.5 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, approximately 1.75 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, approximately 2 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2.9 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2.8 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2.75 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2.7 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2.6 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2.5 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2.4 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2.2 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2.1 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.0 1 MPa / micrometer to approximately 1.75 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 1.5 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 1.25 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 1 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 0.75 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 0.5 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 0.25 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.It features tangents with gradients of 1 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2 MPa / micrometer, approximately 0.5 MPa / micrometer to approximately 2 MPa / micrometer, or approximately 1 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, the CS magnitude in the spike region is in the range of over approximately 200 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa. For example, the CS magnitude in the spike region is approximately 250 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa, approximately 300 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa, approximately 350 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa, approximately 400 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa, approximately 450 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa, approximately 500 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa, approximately 550 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa, approximately 600 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa, approximately 750 MPa to approximately 1500 MPa, approximately 800 MPa to approximately 1500MPa, about 850MPa to about 1500MPa, about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, about 950MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1000MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1050MPa to about 1500M Pa, about 1100MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1200MPa to about 1500MPa, about 250MPa to about 1450MPa, about 250MPa to about 1400MPa, about 250MPa to about 1350MPa, about 2 50MPa to approx. 1300MPa, approx. 250MPa to approx. 1250MPa, approx. 250MPa to approx. 1200MPa, approx. 250MPa to approx. 1150MPa, approx. 250MPa to approx. 1050MPa, about 250MPa to about 1000MPa, about 250MPa to about 950MPa, about 250MPa to about 90MPa, about 250MPa to about 850MPa, about 250MPa to about 800MPa, about 250 The pressures may range from approximately 750 MPa, 250 MPa to 700 MPa, 250 MPa to 650 MPa, 250 MPa to 600 MPa, 250 MPa to 550 MPa, 250 MPa to 500 MPa, 800 MPa to 1400 MPa, 900 MPa to 1300 MPa, 900 MPa to 1200 MPa, 900 MPa to 1100 MPa, or 900 MPa to 1050 MPa.

[0053] In one or more embodiments, the CS magnitude in the knee region is approximately 5 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 10 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 15 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 20 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 25 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 30 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 35 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 40 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 45 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 50 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 55 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 60 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 65 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 75 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 80 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, approximately 90 MPa to approximately 200 MPa, and approximately 100 MPa. The pressures range from approximately 200 MPa, 125 MPa to 200 MPa, 150 MPa to 200 MPa, 5 MPa to 190 MPa, 5 MPa to 180 MPa, 5 MPa to 175 MPa, 5 MPa to 170 MPa, 5 MPa to 160 MPa, 5 MPa to 150 MPa, 5 MPa to 140 MPa, 5 MPa to 130 MPa, 5 MPa to 125 MPa, 5 MPa to 120 MPa, 5 MPa to 110 MPa, 5 MPa to 100 MPa, 5 MPa to 75 MPa, 5 MPa to 50 MPa, 5 MPa to 25 MPa, or 10 MPa to 100 MPa.

[0054] In one or more embodiments, the knee region of the stress profile extends from about 10 micrometers to about 50 micrometers from the first large surface. For example, the knee region of the stress profile is approximately 12 micrometers to 50 micrometers from the first large surface, approximately 14 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 15 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 16 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 18 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 20 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 22 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 24 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 25 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 26 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 28 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 30 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 32 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 34 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 35 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 36 micrometers to 50 micrometers, approximately 38 micrometers to 50 micrometers, and approximately 40 micrometers to 5 It extends from 0 micrometers, approximately 10 to 48 micrometers, approximately 10 to 46 micrometers, approximately 10 to 45 micrometers, approximately 10 to 44 micrometers, approximately 10 to 42 micrometers, approximately 10 to 40 micrometers, approximately 10 to 38 micrometers, approximately 10 to 36 micrometers, approximately 10 to 35 micrometers, approximately 10 to 34 micrometers, approximately 10 to 32 micrometers, approximately 10 to 30 micrometers, approximately 10 to 28 micrometers, approximately 10 to 26 micrometers, approximately 10 to 25 micrometers, approximately 10 to 24 micrometers, approximately 10 to 22 micrometers, or approximately 10 to 20 micrometers.

[0055] In one or more embodiments, the tail region is generally from the knee region to the CT. max It extends to a depth of [a certain depth]. In one or more embodiments, the tail region includes one or both of a compressive stress tail region and a tensile stress tail region.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first large surface 121 and the second large surface 122 of the cover substrate include a surface treatment. This surface treatment may cover at least a portion of the first large surface 121 and the second large surface 122. Examples of surface treatments include easy-to-clean surfaces, anti-glare surfaces, anti-reflective surfaces, tactile surfaces, and decorative surfaces. In one or more embodiments, the above-mentioned at least a portion of the first large surface 121 and / or the second large surface 122 may include any one, any two, or any three of the anti-glare surfaces, anti-reflective surfaces, tactile surfaces, and decorative surfaces. For example, the first large surface 121 may include an anti-glare surface and the second large surface 122 may include an anti-reflective surface. In another example, the first large surface 121 may include an anti-reflective surface and the second large surface 122 may include an anti-glare surface. In yet another example, the first large surface 121 comprises one or both of an anti-glare surface and an anti-reflective surface, and the second large surface 122 includes a design using pigments.

[0057] Anti-glare surfaces can be formed using an etching process and may exhibit transmission haze of 20% or less (e.g., about 15% or less, about 10% or less, 5% or less). In one or more embodiments, the distinctiveness of image (DOI) of the anti-glare surface may be about 80 or less. As used herein, the terms "transmission haze" and "haze" refer to the percentage of transmitted light scattered outside a cone angle of about plus or minus 2.5°, according to ASTM D1003. For optically smooth surfaces, transmission haze is generally near zero. As used herein, the term “image clarity” is defined by Method A of ASTM D5767 (ASTM5767), entitled “Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Measurements of Distinctness-of-Image Gloss of Coating Surfaces” (the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety). According to Method A of ASTM5767, the reflectance of the substrate against an anti-glare surface is measured at the specular viewing angle and at angles slightly outside the specular viewing angle. The values ​​obtained from these measurements are combined to provide a DOI value. In particular, the DOI is given by equation (2):

[0058]

number

[0059] The calculations are performed according to the formula, where Ros is the average relative reflectance intensity at 0.2° to 0.4° from the specular reflection direction, and Rs is the average relative reflectance intensity at the specular reflection direction (centered at +0.05° to -0.05° from the specular reflection direction). When the input light source angle is +20° from the perpendicular to the sample surface (as is the case throughout this disclosure) and the surface perpendicular to the sample is defined as 0°, the measured value of the specular reflection Rs is interpreted as the average at approximately -19.95° to -20.05°, and Ros is understood as the average reflectance at approximately -20.2° to -20.4° (or -19.6° to -19.8°, or the average of these two ranges). When used herein, the DOI value will be interpreted directly as specifying the target ratio of Ros / Rs as defined herein. In some embodiments, the anti-glare surface has a reflected light scattering profile such that >95% of the reflected light power is contained within a cone of + / -10°, where the cone is centered on the specular reflection direction for any input angle.

[0060] The surface roughness (Ra) of the anti-glare surface is approximately 10 nm to approximately 70 nm (for example, approximately 10 nm to approximately 68 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 66 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 65 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 64 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 62 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 60 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 5 5nm, about 10nm to about 50nm, about 10nm to about 45nm, about 10nm to about 40nm, about 12nm to about 70nm, about 14nm to about 70nm, about 15nm to about 70nm, about 16nm to about 70nm, about 18nm to about 70nm, about 20nm to about 70nm The wavelengths may be approximately 22nm to 70nm, 24nm to 70nm, 25nm to 70nm, 26nm to 70nm, 28nm to 70nm, or 30nm to 70nm. The anti-glare surface may include a textured surface having a plurality of concave feature portions having openings facing outward from the surface. The average cross-sectional dimension of the openings is approximately 30 micrometers or less (for example, approximately 2 micrometers to 30 micrometers, approximately 4 micrometers to 30 micrometers, approximately 5 micrometers to 30 micrometers). The dimensions may be approximately 30 micrometers, approximately 6 to approximately 30 micrometers, approximately 8 to approximately 30 micrometers, approximately 10 to approximately 30 micrometers, approximately 12 to approximately 30 micrometers, approximately 15 to approximately 30 micrometers, approximately 2 to approximately 25 micrometers, approximately 2 to approximately 20 micrometers, approximately 2 to approximately 18 micrometers, approximately 2 to approximately 16 micrometers, approximately 2 to approximately 15 micrometers, approximately 2 to approximately 14 micrometers, approximately 2 to approximately 12 micrometers, or approximately 8 to approximately 15 micrometers. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glare surface exhibits low flicker (with respect to pixel output deviation criterion, i.e., PPDr), for example, approximately 6% or less, 4% or less, 3% or less, 2% or less, or approximately 1% or less PPDr. When used herein, the term "pixel output deviation criterion (pixel)" is used to mean "pixel output deviation criterion (pixel)". "Power Deviation Reference (PPDr)" and "PPDr" refer to quantitative measurements of display flicker.Unless otherwise specified, PPDr is measured using a display configuration including a rim-illuminated liquid crystal display screen (twisted nematic liquid crystal display) having a native subpixel pitch of 60 μm × 180 μm and a subpixel aperture window size of approximately 44 μm × approximately 142 μm. The front surface of the liquid crystal display screen has a glossy, anti-reflective linear polarizer film. To determine the PPDr of the anti-glare surface forming the display system or a portion of the display system, the screen is positioned in the focal area of ​​an "eye-simulator" camera that approximates the parameters of a human observer's eye. Thus, the camera system includes an aperture (i.e., a "pupil aperture") which is inserted into the optical path to adjust the focusing angle, thereby approximating the pupil of a human eye. In the PPDr measurements described herein, the iris aperture is set to an angle of 18 milliradians.

[0061] The anti-reflective surface can be formed by a multilayer coating laminate consisting of alternating layers of high-refractive-index material and low-refractive-index material. Such a coating laminate may contain six or more layers. In one or more embodiments, the one-sided average light reflectance of the anti-reflective surface may be about 2% or less (e.g., about 1.5% or less, about 1% or less, about 0.75% or less, about 0.5% or less, or about 0.25% or less) over the optical wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm. The average reflectance is measured at an incident illumination angle greater than about 0° and less than about 10°.

[0062] The decorative surface may include any aesthetic design formed by a pigment (e.g., ink, paint, etc.), and may include wood grain designs, hairline metallic designs, graphic designs, portraits, or logos. In one or more embodiments, the decorative surface exhibits a dead-front effect, where the decorative surface hides or masks the underlying display from the viewer when the display is off, but makes the display visible when the display is on. The decorative surface can be printed on a glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glare surface includes an etched surface. In one or more embodiments, the anti-reflective surface includes a multilayer coating. In one or more embodiments, the easy-to-clean surface includes an oleophobic coating that imparts fingerprint-resistant properties. In one or more embodiments, the tactile surface includes a raised or recessed surface formed by depositing a polymer or glass material on the surface to provide tactile feedback when the user touches it.

[0063] In one or more embodiments, surface treatments (i.e., easy-to-clean surfaces, anti-glare surfaces, anti-reflective surfaces, tactile surfaces, and / or decorative surfaces) are placed on at least a portion of the outer periphery of the first and second large surfaces, and the interior portions of such surfaces are substantially free of surface treatments.

[0064] Figures 3A-3B show one embodiment of a dynamically bending automotive interior display system 100, which includes a cover substrate 120 positioned to cover a display (not shown), having a first large surface and a second large surface opposite the first large surface. The system 100 includes a bidirectional support 140 attached to the second large surface. The second large surface of the cover substrate is adjacent to the display. The bidirectional support dynamically bends the cover substrate from a first radius of curvature (as shown in Figure 3A) to a second radius of curvature (as shown in Figure 3B), and then back to the first radius of curvature.

[0065] Figures 4A and 4B show top views of the system 100 shown in Figures 3A and 3B, respectively. As shown in Figure 4B, the bidirectional support 140 makes at least partial contact with the cover substrate when the cover substrate is dynamically bent. In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support can be attached to the cover substrate by adhesive or local contact.

[0066] In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support is a single component. In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support may be articulated or corrugated. In one or more specific embodiments, the bidirectional support may be an articulated support or a segmented support (reference numbers 140A, 140B, and 140C), as shown in Figures 5A-5C. Bidirectional support 140A is a metallic segmented support having a tubular structure. Bidirectional support 140B is a continuous track in which a continuous band of tread or track plates is driven by two or more wheels. Bidirectional support 140C is a bendable material having multiple segments that allow local bending along the length of the support.

[0067] In one or more specific embodiments, the bidirectional support may be a corrugated support (reference numbers 140D, 140E, 140F, and 140G) as shown in Figures 6A–6D. Such a corrugated support is not articulated but includes geometric undulations. The material for the bidirectional support may be metal or polymer (e.g., plastic and / or rubber) or a combination thereof. Bidirectional support 140D is a corrugated panel. Bidirectional support 140E is a corrugated tube. Bidirectional support 140F is an accordion-type rubber material. Bidirectional support 140G is reinforced rubber with a metal support rod.

[0068] In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support comprises two or more components. For example, the bidirectional support includes two interface surfaces as shown in Figures 7A and 7B. Figure 7A shows a bidirectional support 140 comprising a support component 142 and an articulated component 144 that form two interface surfaces 146, 148. Figure 7A shows the bidirectional support when the cover substrate has a first radius of curvature. Figure 7B shows the bidirectional support when the cover substrate is dynamically bent to have a second radius of curvature. The materials at these two interface surfaces may be attached to each other (as shown in Figures 8A and 8B, respectively) or may be separate components. In Figure 8A, the articulated component 144 is attached to the support component 142. In Figure 8B, the articulated component 144 is attached to the cover substrate 120. The bidirectional supports shown in these embodiments may be made of metal or polymer (e.g., plastic and / or rubber) material. In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support may be a spring (this may be a steel spring). In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support may be a corrugated or accordion-shaped material, such as a mesh polymer.

[0069] As described herein, a bidirectional support can provide continuous or regular support to a cover substrate when the cover substrate is dynamically bent in a cycle. An automotive interior display system including such a bidirectional support can satisfy the HIT requirement at any point in the cycle, including when a collision occurs with respect to the bending axis of the cover substrate during HIT.

[0070] In one or more embodiments, the bidirectional support contacts the entire second large surface of the cover substrate. The material for the bidirectional support is not limited as long as the bidirectional support can dynamically bend the cover substrate along the cycle described above. In some embodiments, the material can be described as elastic.

[0071] In one or more embodiments, the bending axis is positioned along the first and second large surfaces of the cover substrate at a width within the range of approximately 0.1* to approximately 0.9* width (e.g., 0.2* to approximately 0.9* width, 0.25* to approximately 0.9* width, 0.3* to approximately 0.9* width, 0.* to approximately 0.9* width, 0.5* to approximately 0.9* width, 0.6* to approximately 0.9* width, 0.75* to approximately 0.9* width, 0.1* to approximately 0.8* width, 0.1* to approximately 0.75* width, 0.1* to approximately 0.6* width, 0.1* to approximately 0.5* width, 0.25* to approximately 0.75* width, or 0.4* to approximately 0.6* width).

[0072] In one or more embodiments, the bending axis is positioned along the first and second large faces of the cover substrate at a length within the range of approximately 0.1* to approximately 0.9* (e.g., 0.2* to approximately 0.9*, 0.25* to approximately 0.9*, 0.3* to approximately 0.9*, 0.5* to approximately 0.9*, 0.6* to approximately 0.9*, 0.75* to approximately 0.9*, 0.1* to approximately 0.8*, 0.1* to approximately 0.75*, 0.1* to approximately 0.6*, 0.1* to approximately 0.5*, 0.25* to approximately 0.75*, or 0.4* to approximately 0.6*).

[0073] In one or more embodiments, the automotive interior display system can satisfy the HIT requirements. For example, when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg collides with the first large surface of the cover substrate at a collision velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (g-force) or less. In one or more embodiments, the deceleration of the impactor does not exceed 80 g for any 3 ms interval during the entire collision time.

[0074] In one or more embodiments, after the impactor collides with the impact position of the first large surface, the cover substrate has virtually no local bending at the impact position. In one or more specific embodiments, after the impactor collides with the impact position of the first large surface, the cover substrate bends along the bending axis. In some embodiments, after the impactor collides with the impact position of the first large surface, the cover substrate has virtually no anti-crushing effect.

[0075] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles (e.g., about 500 cycles or more, about 1000 cycles or more, about 2000 cycles or more, about 5000 cycles or more, about 10,000 cycles or more, about 20,000 cycles or more, about 30,000 cycles or more, about 40,000 cycles or more, about 50,000 cycles or more, about 60,000 cycles or more, about 70,000 cycles or more, about 80,000 cycles or more, about 90,000 cycles or more, about 100,000 cycles or more, about 150,000 cycles or more, about 200,000 cycles or more, or about 500,000 cycles or more) without suffering damage (e.g., fracture or breakage). In one or more specific embodiments, the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles (e.g., approximately 500 cycles or more, approximately 1000 cycles or more, approximately 2000 cycles or more, approximately 5000 cycles or more, approximately 10,000 cycles or more, approximately 20,000 cycles or more, approximately 30,000 cycles or more, approximately 40,000 cycles or more, approximately 50,000 cycles or more, approximately 60,000 cycles or more, approximately 70,000 cycles or more, approximately 80,000 cycles or more, approximately 90,000 cycles or more, approximately 100,000 cycles or more, approximately 150,000 cycles or more, approximately 200,000 cycles or more, or approximately 500,000 cycles or more) without delamination between the cover substrate system and the display.

[0076] In one or more embodiments, the display can be dynamically bent. In such embodiments, the bidirectional support dynamically bends the display when the cover substrate is dynamically bent along the bending axis in the cycle described above. In one or more embodiments, the display may be a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, a transmissive display, or other display. In one or more embodiments, the display is curved in its initial state and has a first radius of curvature, and can be dynamically bent to have a radius of curvature smaller or larger than this first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate exhibits the same curvature as the display in its initial state and can be dynamically bent together with the display. In one or more embodiments, the display is permanently curved, and the cover substrate can be dynamically bent in the portion not located on the display.

[0077] In one or more embodiments, the dynamic bending automotive interior display system includes: a first frame having a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the first frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first and second frame surfaces, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first and second frame surfaces; and a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first and second frame surfaces. The display 150 is positioned in the frame opening within the inner surface. In one or more embodiments, the dynamic bending cover substrate described herein is positioned on the first frame surface, covering the display. In this embodiment, the bidirectional support is attached to at least a portion of the second frame surface and dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bending axis in cycles from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0078] In one or more embodiments, the display system may include two or more frames. For example, the system may include: a second frame (as shown in Figure 3A) having a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and frame edges, the second frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first and second frame surfaces, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first and second frame surfaces, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first and second frame surfaces; and a frame opening which may extend from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and be surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first and second frame surfaces. The second display may be placed in the frame opening within the inner surface of the second frame. In one or more embodiments, a bidirectional support is attached to the second frame surface of the first frame and the second frame surface of the second frame and positioned between the first and second frames.

[0079] In one or more embodiments, the bending axis is positioned between a first frame and a second frame.

[0080] Figures 9A and 9B show perspective views of a dynamically bending automotive interior display system with a cover substrate, which has a cold-bent portion and is dynamically bent from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature, toward the passenger and toward the driver, respectively. As shown in Figure 9A, system 200 includes a cover substrate that is dynamically bent along a bending axis 201 from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature. A display 202 is located beneath the dynamically bendable portion of the cover substrate, and an optional display (not shown) may be located beneath the dynamically bendable portion of the cover substrate. In Figure 9B, system 210 includes a cover substrate that is dynamically bent along a bending axis 211 from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature. A display 212 is located beneath the dynamically bendable portion of the cover substrate, and an optional display (not shown) may be located beneath the dynamically bendable portion of the cover substrate.

[0081] Figures 10A to 10C show various diagrams of a cover substrate 300 having a first large surface 301, a second large surface 302 on the opposite side, and two or more curved portions (e.g., 310, 312, 314, 316, and 318). The curved portions form concave and convex surfaces when viewed from the viewpoint of the first large surface 301. Specifically, the curved portions 310, 314, and 316 form concave shapes, and the curved portions 312 and 318 form convex shapes. Although not constrained by theory, there are no restrictions on the curved portions and / or shapes (convex or concave) formed, nor on the combinations and order of such curved portions and shapes.

[0082] In one or more embodiments, the curved portions are separated by substantially uncurved (i.e., flat) portions 320. In one or more embodiments, the flat portions adjust for multiple competing stresses caused by adjacent curves (especially when adjacent curves are in opposite directions). In one or more embodiments, the lengths of the flat portions are approximately 10 mm to 100 mm, 20 mm to 100 mm, 30 mm to 100 mm, 40 mm to 100 mm, 50 mm to 100 mm, 60 mm to 100 mm, 10 mm to 90 mm, 10 mm to 80 mm, 10 mm to 70 mm, 10 mm to 60 mm, 10 mm to 50 mm, or 25 mm to 75 mm. In one or more embodiments, the curved substrate has two or more bending axes (e.g., three or more or four or more bending axes). For example, Figures 10A to 10C have two bending axes 330, 340. In the illustrated embodiments, the bending axes 330, 340 are dynamically bent portions of the cover substrate and are substantially vertical, but they may be horizontal, diagonal, or in any other direction. In one or more embodiments, the small facets 326 of the dynamically bent portions of the cover substrate (shown by dotted lines) are located outside the area of ​​the cover substrate that is subjected to impacts of the type measured by HIT. In one or more embodiments, the small facets 326 of the dynamically bent portions of the cover substrate (shown by dotted lines) are located within the area of ​​the cover substrate that is subjected to impacts of the type measured by HIT, but the bidirectional support can be folded upon impact. In one or more embodiments, one or more bending axes are positioned to reduce stress on the small facets of the dynamically bent cover substrate. In one or more embodiments, stress applied to the cover substrate may be minimized by positioning one or more bending axes along the shortest length or width dimension of the cover substrate.

[0083] In one or more embodiments, the curved substrate 300 can be dynamically bent around the bending axis in a single cycle: from a flat shape to a convex shape and back to a flat shape; from a flat shape to a concave shape and back to a flat shape; from a concave shape to a convex shape and back to a concave shape; from a convex shape to a concave shape and back to a convex shape; from a concave shape to a flat shape and back to a concave shape; or from a convex shape to a flat shape and back to a concave shape. As shown in Figures 11A and 11B, in one or more embodiments, the cover substrate may be foldable and can be dynamically bent around a bending axis 350 such that the first radius of curvature is flat when measured from one of the first or second large surfaces, and the second radius of curvature (measured from the same first or second large surface as when the first radius of curvature was measured) is less than 500 mm, less than 400 mm, less than 300 mm, less than 200 mm, less than 100 mm, or less than 50 mm. In one or more embodiments, the display on the underlying layer is dynamically bent when the cover substrate is bent. The first and second radii of curvature may vary depending on a desired distance 360 ​​between the folded portions of the cover substrate. As shown in Figure 11A, the distance 360 ​​may increase while the second radius of curvature can be minimized. As shown in Figure 11B, the distance 360 ​​may increase while the second radius of curvature can be reduced.

[0084] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles (e.g., about 500 cycles or more, about 1000 cycles or more, about 2000 cycles or more, about 5000 cycles or more, about 10,000 cycles or more, about 20,000 cycles or more, about 30,000 cycles or more, about 40,000 cycles or more, about 50,000 cycles or more, about 60,000 cycles or more, about 70,000 cycles or more, about 80,000 cycles or more, about 90,000 cycles or more, about 100,000 cycles or more, about 150,000 cycles or more, about 200,000 cycles or more, or about 500,000 cycles or more) without suffering damage (e.g., fracture or breakage). In one or more specific embodiments, the cover substrate can form the above-described shape by dynamically bending along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles (e.g., approximately 500 cycles or more, approximately 1000 cycles or more, approximately 2000 cycles or more, approximately 5000 cycles or more, approximately 10,000 cycles or more, approximately 20,000 cycles or more, approximately 30,000 cycles or more, approximately 40,000 cycles or more, approximately 50,000 cycles or more, approximately 60,000 cycles or more, approximately 70,000 cycles or more, approximately 80,000 cycles or more, approximately 90,000 cycles or more, approximately 100,000 cycles or more, approximately 150,000 cycles or more, approximately 200,000 cycles or more, or approximately 500,000 cycles or more) without delamination between the cover substrate system and the display.

[0085] One or more displays may be positioned adjacent to the second large surface 302. In one or more embodiments, the displays can be dynamically bent when the cover substrate is dynamically bent. In other words, by dynamically bending the cover substrate, the displays in the underlying layer are dynamically bent around the bending axis when the cover system is bent.

[0086] In one or more embodiments, the bendable portion and the non-bendable portion of the cover substrate may be the same size and shape, or they may be different in size and / or shape. In one or more embodiments, the dynamically bendable portion of the cover substrate may have larger length and width dimensions than the dynamically non-bendable portion of the cover substrate.

[0087] In one or more embodiments, the small facet 326 may have a non-planar profile. For example, the small facet may have a 2.5D shape, a "C-shaped" shape, or a 0.65D shape, or may include one or more chamfers.

[0088] Embodiment (1) relates to a dynamically bendable cover substrate, the cover substrate comprising: a first large surface; a second large surface opposite to the first large surface; a small surface connecting the first large surface and the second large surface; a thickness defined as the distance between the first large surface and the second large surface; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first and second large surfaces; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first and second large surfaces; and a bending axis, and the cover substrate being dynamically bendable about the bending axis in iterative cycles from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0089] Embodiment (2) relates to the cover substrate described in Embodiment (1), wherein the cover substrate includes a tempered glass article.

[0090] Embodiment (3) further: The compressive stress (CS) region extends from the first large surface to the compression depth (DOC), and the CS region has a maximum CS magnitude (CS) of approximately 900 MPa or more. max ), and CS regions having a CS magnitude of 750 MPa or more at a depth of approximately 5 micrometers; and The maximum CT magnitude (CT) is located at a depth of approximately 0.25t to 0.75t from the first large surface mentioned above. max) Central tension (CT) region Equipped with, The CS region and the CT region described above define a stress profile along the thickness, relating to the cover substrate described in embodiment (2).

[0091] Embodiment (4) is the above CT max This relates to a cover substrate as described in embodiment (3), wherein the magnitude is approximately 80 MPa or less.

[0092] Embodiment (5) is the CT region, the CT max The present invention relates to a cover substrate according to embodiment (3) or embodiment (4), wherein all points within 0.1t from the above depth are provided with tangents having a non-zero gradient.

[0093] Embodiment (6) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (3) to (5), wherein the above-mentioned DOC is approximately 0.2t or less.

[0094] Embodiment (7) relates to the cover substrate described in Embodiment (6), wherein the above-mentioned DOC is approximately 0.1t or less.

[0095] Embodiment (8) is the above CT max The present invention relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (3) to (7), wherein the first large surface is located at a depth of approximately 0.4t to approximately 0.6t from the above-mentioned first large surface.

[0096] Embodiment (9) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (3) to (8), wherein at least a portion of the stress profile comprises a spike region, a tail region, and a knee region between the spike region and the tail region, all points in the spike region of the stress profile have tangents having a magnitude gradient of about 15 MPa / micrometer to about 200 MPa / micrometer, and all points in the tail region have tangents having a magnitude gradient of about 0.01 MPa / micrometer to about 3 MPa / micrometer.

[0097] Embodiment (10) relates to the cover substrate described in Embodiment (9), wherein the CS magnitude within the spike region is greater than 200 MPa and approximately 1500 MPa.

[0098] Embodiment (11) relates to the cover substrate described in Embodiment (9) or Embodiment (10), wherein the CS value of the knee region is approximately 5 MPa to approximately 200 MPa.

[0099] Embodiment (12) relates to the cover substrate according to Embodiment (9) or Embodiment (10), wherein the knee region extends approximately 10 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers from the first large surface.

[0100] Embodiment (13) is such that the tail region is roughly from the knee region to the CT max The present invention relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (9) to (12), which extends to the above-mentioned depth.

[0101] Embodiment (14) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (9) to (13), wherein the tail region includes one or both of a compressive stress tail region and a tensile stress tail region.

[0102] Embodiment (15) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (1) to (14), wherein t is approximately 0.05 mm to approximately 2 mm.

[0103] Embodiment (16) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (1) to (15), wherein one or both of the first large surface and the second large surface are provided with a surface treatment.

[0104] Embodiment (17) relates to the cover substrate according to Embodiment (16), wherein the surface treatment covers at least a portion of the first large surface and the second large surface.

[0105] Embodiment (18) relates to a cover substrate according to Embodiment (16) or Embodiment (17), wherein the surface treatment includes one of the following: an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

[0106] Embodiment (19) relates to the cover substrate according to Embodiment (18), wherein the surface treatment includes at least two of the following: an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

[0107] Embodiment (20) relates to the cover substrate according to Embodiment (19), wherein one of the first large surface and the second large surface is provided with the anti-glare surface, and the other of the first large surface and the second large surface is provided with the anti-reflective surface.

[0108] Embodiment (21) relates to the cover substrate according to Embodiment (19), wherein the first large surface comprises one or both of the anti-glare surface and the anti-reflective surface, and the second large surface comprises the decorative surface.

[0109] Embodiment (22) relates to the cover substrate according to Embodiment (19), wherein the first large surface is provided with the anti-reflective surface, and the second large surface is provided with one or both of the anti-glare surface and the decorative surface.

[0110] Embodiment (23) relates to the cover substrate according to Embodiment (19), wherein the decorative surface is arranged on at least a portion of the outer periphery, and the internal portion substantially does not include the decorative surface.

[0111] Embodiment (24) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (19) to (23), wherein the decorative surface comprises one of the following: a wood grain design, a hairline-finished metal design, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo.

[0112] Embodiment (25) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (19) to (24), wherein the anti-glare surface includes an etched surface and the anti-reflective surface includes a multilayer coating.

[0113] Embodiment (26) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (1) to (25), wherein the cover substrate substantially does not include a fragment prevention film.

[0114] Embodiment (27) is a method in which, when the glass article is curved from the first position to the second position, the CS on the first large surface max The present invention relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (2) to (26), wherein the increase is greater than approximately 8%.

[0115] Embodiment (28) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (2) to (27), wherein when the glass article is bent from the first position to the second position having a radius of curvature of approximately 500 mm, the DOC1 increases by more than approximately 300%, and the second compression depth (DOC2) measured from the second large surface decreases by less than 15%.

[0116] Embodiment (29) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (2) to (28), wherein when the glass article is bent from the first position to the second position having a radius of curvature of about 250, the DOC1 increases by more than about 600% and the second compression depth (DOC2) measured from the second large surface decreases by less than about 25%.

[0117] Embodiment (30) is the above CT max The present invention relates to a cover substrate according to embodiment (29), wherein the increase is only 250% or less.

[0118] Embodiment (31) is the above CT max The present invention relates to a cover substrate according to embodiment (29), wherein the increase is only 400% or less.

[0119] Embodiment (32) relates to a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments (1) to (31), wherein the first radius of curvature is greater than the second radius of curvature.

[0120] The aspect (33) is: display; A dynamically bending type cover substrate assembly positioned to cover the above-mentioned display, wherein the cover substrate assembly comprises a cover substrate having: a first large surface; a second large surface opposite to the first large surface; a small surface connecting the first large surface and the second large surface; a thickness defined as the distance between the first large surface and the second large surface; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; and a bending axis; and A bidirectional support is attached to at least a portion of the second large surface of the cover substrate, and dynamically bends the cover substrate around the bending axis in an iterative cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature, and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature. This relates to a display system that includes the following features.

[0121] Embodiment (34) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (33), wherein when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg collides with the first large surface at a collision velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (g force) or less.

[0122] Embodiment (35) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (34), wherein the deceleration of the impactor does not exceed 80g for any 3ms interval of the total collision time.

[0123] Embodiment (36) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (35), wherein the first radius of curvature is approximately 10,000 mm or less.

[0124] Embodiment (37) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (36), wherein the cover substrate includes a cold-bent glass article.

[0125] Embodiment (38) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (36), wherein the cover substrate includes a hot-formed glass article.

[0126] Embodiment (39) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (35), wherein the first radius of curvature is greater than approximately 10,000 mm.

[0127] Embodiment (40) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (39), wherein the bidirectional support is in contact with the second large surface along the bending axis.

[0128] Embodiment (41) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (40), wherein the bidirectional support comprises an elastic material.

[0129] Embodiment (42) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (41), further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate assembly and the display.

[0130] Embodiment (43) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (42), wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first large surface and the second large surface to a width of approximately 0.1* to approximately 0.9*.

[0131] Embodiment (44) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (43), wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first large surface and the second large surface to a length of approximately 0.1* to approximately 0.9*.

[0132] Embodiment (45) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (44), wherein after the impactor collides with the collision position of the first large surface, the cover substrate has virtually no local bending at the collision position.

[0133] Embodiment (46) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (45), wherein after the impactor collides with the collision position on the first large surface, the cover substrate bends along the bending axis.

[0134] Embodiment (47) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (45) or Embodiment (46), wherein after the impactor collides with the impact position on the first large surface, the cover substrate has virtually no anti-crushing effect.

[0135] Embodiment (48) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (47), wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles.

[0136] Embodiment (49) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (42) to (48), wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination between the cover substrate system and the display.

[0137] Embodiment (50) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (49), wherein the thickness is 1.5 mm or less.

[0138] Embodiment (51) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (33) to (50), wherein the display can be dynamically bent.

[0139] Embodiment (52) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (51), wherein the bidirectional support dynamically bends the display when the cover substrate is dynamically bent along the bending axis in the cycle.

[0140] Embodiment (53) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (52), wherein the display is dynamically bent along the cycle.

[0141] The aspect (54) is: A first frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite to the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the first frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface, and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A display is positioned in the frame opening within the above-mentioned interior; A dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly having: a first large surface; a second large surface opposite the first large surface; a small surface connecting the first large surface and the second large surface; a thickness defined as the distance between the first large surface and the second large surface; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; and a bending axis; and A bidirectional support attached to at least a portion of the surface of the second frame, which dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature, and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature. This relates to a display system that includes the following features.

[0142] Embodiment (55) is a display system in which: A second frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite to the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the second frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; and A second display is positioned in the frame opening on the inner surface of the second frame. The display system according to embodiment (54), wherein the bidirectional support is attached to the second frame surface of the first frame and the second frame surface of the second frame, and is positioned between the first frame and the second frame. In one or more embodiments, the bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

[0143] Embodiment (56) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (55), wherein the bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

[0144] Embodiment (57) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (55), wherein the cover substrate comprises a plurality of the bending axes.

[0145] Embodiment (58) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (57), wherein when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg collides with the first large surface at a collision velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (g force) or less.

[0146] Embodiment (59) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (58), wherein the deceleration of the impactor does not exceed 80g for any 3ms interval of the total collision time.

[0147] Embodiment (60) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (59), wherein the first radius of curvature is approximately 10,000 mm or less.

[0148] Embodiment (61) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (60), wherein the cover substrate includes a cold-bent glass article.

[0149] Embodiment (62) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (61), wherein the cover substrate includes a hot-formed glass article.

[0150] Embodiment (63) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (62), wherein the first radius of curvature is greater than approximately 10,000 mm.

[0151] Embodiment (64) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (63), wherein the bidirectional support has a contact surface, and 50% or more of the contact surface is in contact with the second large surface.

[0152] Embodiment (65) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (64), wherein the bidirectional support comprises an elastic material.

[0153] Embodiment (66) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (65), further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate and the surface of the first frame.

[0154] Embodiment (67) is a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (66), further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate and the display.

[0155] Embodiment (68) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (67), wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first large surface and the second large surface for a distance of approximately 0.1 * width of the cover substrate to approximately 0.9 * width of the cover substrate.

[0156] Embodiment (69) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (68), wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first large surface and the second large surface for a distance of approximately 0.1 * the length of the cover substrate to approximately 0.9 * the length of the cover substrate.

[0157] Embodiment (70) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (69), wherein after the impactor collides with the collision position of the first large surface, the cover substrate has virtually no local bending at the collision position.

[0158] Embodiment (71) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (70), wherein after the impactor collides with the collision position on the first large surface, the cover substrate bends along the bending axis.

[0159] Embodiment (72) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (70) or Embodiment (71), wherein after the impactor collides with the impact position on the first large surface, the cover substrate has virtually no anti-crushing effect.

[0160] Embodiment (73) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (72), wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles.

[0161] Embodiment (74) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (73), wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination between the cover substrate and the display, or between the cover substrate and the frame.

[0162] Embodiment (75) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (74), wherein the thickness of the cover substrate is 1.5 mm or less.

[0163] Embodiment (76) relates to a display system according to any one of embodiments (54) to (75), wherein the display can be dynamically bent.

[0164] Embodiment (77) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (76), wherein the bidirectional support dynamically bends the display when the cover substrate is dynamically bent along the bending axis during the cycle.

[0165] Embodiment (78) relates to the display system according to Embodiment (77), wherein the display is dynamically bent along the cycle.

[0166] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0167] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in separate sections.

[0168] Embodiment 1 A dynamically bending type cover substrate, The above cover board is: The first large face; The second large face opposite the first large face mentioned above; A small face connecting the first large face and the second large face; The thickness is defined as the distance between the first large surface and the second large surface; The width, defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first and second large surfaces; The length, defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first and second large faces; and Bending axis A dynamically bending type cover substrate, comprising a first radius of curvature, which can be dynamically bent around the bending axis in an iterative cycle from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature, and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0169] Embodiment 2 The cover substrate described above includes a tempered glass article, as described in Embodiment 1.

[0170] Embodiment 3 The compressive stress (CS) region extends from the first large surface to the compression depth (DOC), and the CS region has a maximum CS magnitude (CS) of approximately 900 MPa or more. max ), and CS regions having a CS magnitude of 750 MPa or more at a depth of approximately 5 micrometers; and The maximum CT magnitude (CT) is located at a depth of approximately 0.25t to 0.75t from the first large surface mentioned above. max ) Central tension (CT) region Furthermore, The cover substrate according to Embodiment 2, wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stress profile along the thickness.

[0171] Embodiment 4 The above CT max The cover substrate according to Embodiment 3, wherein the magnitude is approximately 80 MPa or less.

[0172] Embodiment 5 The above CT region, the above CT max The cover substrate according to Embodiment 3 or Embodiment 4, wherein all points within 0.1t from the above depth have tangents with a non-zero gradient.

[0173] Embodiment 6 The cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 3 to 5, wherein the above DOC is approximately 0.2t or less.

[0174] Embodiment 7 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 6, wherein the above DOC is approximately 0.1t or less.

[0175] Embodiment 8 The above CT max The cover substrate described in any one of embodiments 3 to 7 is located at a depth of approximately 0.4t to approximately 0.6t from the first large surface described above.

[0176] Embodiment 9 At least a portion of the above stress profile comprises a spike region, a tail region, and a knee region between the spike region and the tail region, A cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 3 to 8, wherein all points in the spike region of the stress profile have tangents with a magnitude gradient of approximately 15 MPa / micrometer to approximately 200 MPa / micrometer, and all points in the tail region have tangents with a magnitude gradient of approximately 0.01 MPa / micrometer to approximately 3 MPa / micrometer.

[0177] Embodiment 10 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 9, wherein the CS magnitude within the spike region is greater than 200 MPa and approximately 1500 MPa.

[0178] Embodiment 11 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 9 or Embodiment 10, wherein the CS value in the above knee region is approximately 5 MPa to approximately 200 MPa.

[0179] Embodiment 12 The above-mentioned knee region extends approximately 10 micrometers to approximately 50 micrometers from the first large surface, in the cover substrate according to Embodiment 9 or Embodiment 10.

[0180] Embodiment 13 The tail region described above is roughly from the knee region described above to the CT region described above. max A cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 9 to 12, extending to the above-mentioned depth.

[0181] Embodiment 14 The cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 9 to 13, wherein the tail region includes one or both of a compressive stress tail region and a tensile stress tail region.

[0182] Embodiment 15 A cover substrate according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein t is approximately 0.05 mm to approximately 2 mm.

[0183] Embodiment 16 A cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein one or both of the first large surface and the second large surface are provided with a surface treatment.

[0184] Embodiment 17 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 16, wherein the above surface treatment covers at least a portion of the first large surface and the second large surface.

[0185] Embodiment 18 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 16 or Embodiment 17, wherein the surface treatment includes one of the following: an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

[0186] Embodiment 19 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 18, wherein the surface treatment includes at least two of the following: an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

[0187] Embodiment 20 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 19, wherein one of the first large surface and the second large surface is provided with the anti-glare surface, and the other of the first large surface and the second large surface is provided with the anti-reflective surface.

[0188] Embodiment 21 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 19, wherein the first large surface comprises one or both of the anti-glare surface and the anti-reflective surface, and the second large surface comprises the decorative surface.

[0189] Embodiment 22 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 19, wherein the first large surface is provided with the anti-reflective surface, and the second large surface is provided with one or both of the anti-glare surface and the decorative surface.

[0190] Embodiment 23 The cover substrate according to Embodiment 19, wherein the decorative surface is located on at least a portion of the outer periphery, and the interior portion substantially does not include the decorative surface.

[0191] Embodiment 24 The cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 19 to 23, wherein the decorative surface comprises one of the following: a wood grain design, a hairline-finished metal design, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo.

[0192] Embodiment 25 The cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 19 to 24, wherein the anti-glare surface includes an etched surface and the anti-reflective surface includes a multilayer coating.

[0193] Embodiment 26 The above cover substrate is a cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the cover substrate substantially does not include a fragment prevention film.

[0194] Embodiment 27 When the glass article is bent from the first position to the second position, the CS on the first large surface max The cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 2 to 26, which increases by more than approximately 8%.

[0195] Embodiment 28 A cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 2 to 27, wherein when the glass article is bent from the first position to the second position having a radius of curvature of approximately 500 mm, the DOC1 increases by more than approximately 300%, and the second compression depth (DOC2) measured from the second large surface decreases by less than 15%.

[0196] Embodiment 29 A cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 2 to 28, wherein when the glass article is bent from the first position to the second position having a radius of curvature of approximately 250, the DOC1 increases by more than approximately 600%, and the second compression depth (DOC2) measured from the second large surface decreases by less than approximately 25%.

[0197] Embodiment 30 The above CT max The cover substrate according to embodiment 29, in which the increase is only 250% or less.

[0198] Embodiment 31 The above CT max The cover substrate according to embodiment 29, in which the increase is only 400% or less.

[0199] Embodiment 32 A cover substrate according to any one of embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the first radius of curvature is greater than the second radius of curvature.

[0200] Embodiment 33 display; A dynamically bending type cover substrate assembly positioned to cover the above-mentioned display, wherein the cover substrate assembly comprises a cover substrate having: a first large surface; a second large surface opposite to the first large surface; a small surface connecting the first large surface and the second large surface; a thickness defined as the distance between the first large surface and the second large surface; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; and a bending axis; and A bidirectional support is attached to at least a portion of the second large surface of the cover substrate, and dynamically bends the cover substrate around the bending axis in an iterative cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature, and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature. A display system equipped with these features.

[0201] Embodiment 34 The display system according to Embodiment 33, wherein when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg collides with the first large surface at a collision velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (g force) or less.

[0202] Embodiment 35 The deceleration of the impactor described above does not exceed 80g for any 3ms interval during the entire collision time, as described in Embodiment 34 of the display system.

[0203] Embodiment 36 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 35, wherein the first radius of curvature described above is approximately 10,000 mm or less.

[0204] Embodiment 37 The display system according to embodiment 36, wherein the cover substrate includes a cold-bent glass article.

[0205] Embodiment 38 The display system according to Embodiment 36, wherein the cover substrate includes a hot-formed glass article.

[0206] Embodiment 39 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 35, wherein the first radius of curvature described above is greater than approximately 10,000 mm.

[0207] Embodiment 40 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 39, wherein the bidirectional support is in contact with the second large surface along the bending axis.

[0208] Embodiment 41 The above bidirectional support comprises an elastic material, as described in any one of embodiments 33 to 40, for the display system.

[0209] Embodiment 42 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 41, further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate assembly and the display.

[0210] Embodiment 43 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 42, wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first large surface and the second large surface to a width of approximately 0.1* to approximately 0.9*.

[0211] Embodiment 44 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 43, wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first large surface and the second large surface to a length of approximately 0.1* to approximately 0.9*.

[0212] Embodiment 45 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 44, wherein after the impactor collides with the impact position of the first large surface, the cover substrate has virtually no local bending at the impact position.

[0213] Embodiment 46 The display system according to embodiment 45, wherein after the impactor collides with the collision position on the first large surface, the cover substrate bends along the bending axis.

[0214] Embodiment 47 The display system according to Embodiment 45 or Embodiment 46, wherein after the impactor collides with the impact position on the first large surface, the cover substrate has virtually no anti-crushing effect.

[0215] Embodiment 48 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 47, wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles.

[0216] Embodiment 49 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 48, wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination between the cover substrate system and the display.

[0217] Embodiment 50 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 49, wherein the thickness is 1.5 mm or less.

[0218] Embodiment 51 The display system according to any one of embodiments 33 to 50, wherein the display can be dynamically bent.

[0219] Embodiment 52 The display system according to Embodiment 51, wherein the bidirectional support dynamically bends the display when the cover substrate is dynamically bent along the bending axis during the cycle described above.

[0220] Embodiment 53 The display system according to embodiment 52, wherein the above display is dynamically bent along the above cycle.

[0221] Embodiment 54 A first frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite to the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the first frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface, and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A display is positioned in the frame opening within the above-mentioned interior; A dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly having: a first large surface; a second large surface opposite the first large surface; a small surface connecting the first large surface and the second large surface; a thickness defined as the distance between the first large surface and the second large surface; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; and a bending axis; and A bidirectional support attached to at least a portion of the surface of the second frame, which dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature, and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature. A display system equipped with these features.

[0222] Embodiment 55 The above display system is: A second frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite to the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the second frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; and A second display is positioned in the frame opening on the inner surface of the second frame. including, the bidirectional support is attached to the second frame surface of the first frame and the second frame surface of the second frame, and is positioned between the first frame and the second frame. In one or more embodiments, the bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame, the display system according to embodiment 54.

[0223] Embodiment 56 The bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame, the display system according to embodiment 55.

[0224] Embodiment 57 The cover substrate includes a plurality of the bending axes, the display system according to embodiment 55.

[0225] Embodiment 58 When an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg collides with the first major surface at a collision speed of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (g-force) or less, the display system according to any one of embodiments 54 to 57.

[0226] Embodiment 59 The deceleration of the impactor does not exceed 80 g for any 3 ms interval during the entire collision time, the display system according to embodiment 58.

[0227] Embodiment 60 The first radius of curvature is about 10,000 mm or less, the display system according to any one of embodiments 54 to 59.

[0228] Embodiment 61 The cover substrate includes a cold-formed glass article, the display system according to embodiment 60.

[0229] Embodiment 62 The cover substrate includes a hot-formed glass article, the display system according to embodiment 61.

[0230] Embodiment 63 The display system according to any one of embodiments 54 to 62, wherein the first radius of curvature described above is greater than approximately 10,000 mm.

[0231] Embodiment 64 The display system according to any one of embodiments 54 to 63, wherein the bidirectional support has a contact surface, and 50% or more of the contact surface is in contact with the second large surface.

[0232] Embodiment 65 The display system according to any one of embodiments 54 to 64, wherein the above-mentioned bidirectional support includes an elastic material.

[0233] Embodiment 66 The display system according to any one of embodiments 54 to 65, further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate and the first frame surface.

[0234] Embodiment 67 The display system according to any one of embodiments 54 to 66, further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate and the display.

[0235] Embodiment 68 The display system according to any one of embodiments 54 to 67, wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first large surface and the second large surface for a width of approximately 0.1 * the width of the cover substrate to approximately 0.9 * the width of the cover substrate.

[0236] Embodiment 69 The display system according to any one of embodiments 54 to 68, wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first large surface and the second large surface for a length of approximately 0.1 * the length of the cover substrate to approximately 0.9 * the length of the cover substrate.

[0237] Embodiment 70 After the impactor collides with the collision position on the first major surface, the cover substrate has substantially no local bending at the collision position, the display system according to any one of Embodiments 54 to 69.

[0238] Embodiment 71 After the impactor collides with the collision position on the first major surface, the cover substrate bends at the bending axis, the display system according to Embodiment 70.

[0239] Embodiment 72 After the impactor collides with the collision position on the first major surface, the cover substrate has substantially no anti-crushing effect, the display system according to Embodiment 7 or Embodiment 71.

[0240] Embodiment 73 The cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis over 100 cycles, the display system according to any one of Embodiments 54 to 72.

[0241] Embodiment 74 The cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis over 100 cycles without delamination between the cover substrate and the display or delamination between the cover substrate and the frame, the display system according to any one of Embodiments 54 to 73.

[0242] Embodiment 75 The thickness of the cover substrate is 1.5 mm or less, the display system according to any one of Embodiments 54 to 74.

[0243] Embodiment 76 The display can be dynamically bent, the display system according to any one of Embodiments 54 to 75.

[0244] Embodiment 77 The display system according to embodiment 76, wherein the bidirectional support dynamically bends the display when the cover substrate is dynamically bent along the bending axis during the cycle described above.

[0245] Embodiment 78 The display system according to embodiment 77, wherein the above display is dynamically bent along the above cycle.

[0246] Embodiment 79 display; A dynamically bending type cover substrate assembly disposed to cover the display, wherein the cover substrate assembly comprises a cover substrate having: a first large surface; a second large surface opposite the first large surface; a small surface connecting the first large surface and the second large surface; a thickness defined as the distance between the first large surface and the second large surface; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first large surface and the second large surface; and a bending axis; and A bidirectional support is attached to at least a portion of the second large surface of the cover substrate and dynamically bends the cover substrate around the bending axis in an iterative cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature, and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature. A display system equipped with these features.

[0247] Embodiment 80 The display system according to Embodiment 79, wherein when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg collides with the first large surface at a collision velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (g force) or less.

[0248] Embodiment 81 The display system according to Embodiment 80, wherein the deceleration of the impactor does not exceed 80g for any 3ms interval of the entire collision time.

[0249] Embodiment 82 The display system according to any one of embodiments 79 to 81, wherein the first radius of curvature is approximately 10,000 mm or less.

[0250] Embodiment 83 The display system according to embodiment 82, wherein the cover substrate includes a cold-bent glass article or a hot-formed glass article.

[0251] Embodiment 84 The display system according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein after the impactor collides with the collision position of the first large surface, the cover substrate has substantially no local bending at the collision position.

[0252] Embodiment 85 The display system according to Embodiment 84, wherein after the impactor collides with the impact position on the first large surface, the cover substrate bends along the bending axis and has virtually no anti-crushing effect.

[0253] Embodiment 86 The display system according to any one of embodiments 79 to 85, wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination between the cover substrate system and the display.

[0254] Embodiment 87 A first frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite to the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the first frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface. Furthermore, The display is positioned in the frame opening within the inner surface. The display system according to any one of embodiments 79 to 86, wherein the dynamically bending cover substrate is disposed on the surface of the first frame, covering the display.

[0255] Embodiment 88 A second frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite to the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the second frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first and second frame surfaces, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first and second frame surfaces; A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; and A second display is positioned in the frame opening within the inner surface of the second frame. Furthermore, The bidirectional support is attached to the second frame surface of the first frame and the second frame surface of the second frame, and is positioned between the first frame and the second frame. The display system according to embodiment 87, wherein the bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0256] 10, 200, 210 Systems 20 Non-adherent areas 100 Dynamically Bending Automotive Interior Display Systems 120, 130, 140 Dynamically Bending Type Cover Substrate Assembly, Cover Substrate 121, 301 First large face 122, 302 Second large face 125, 201, 211, 330, 340, 350 Bending axis 126, 326 small face 140A~140F Bidirectional support 142 Support components 144 Joint connection type parts 146, 148 Interface 150, 202, 212 displays 300 Cover substrate, curved substrate 310, 312, 314, 316, 318 Curved sections 320 flat area 360 distance

Claims

1. display; A dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly positioned to cover the display, the dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly comprises a cover substrate including a glass article, the cover substrate having: a first large face; a second large face opposite the first large face; a small face connecting the first large face and the second large face; a thickness defined as the distance between the first large face and the second large face; a width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the thickness of one of the first large face and the second large face; a length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the thickness and the width of one of the first large face and the second large face; and a bending axis; and A bidirectional support attached to at least a portion of the second large surface of the cover substrate, which dynamically bends the cover substrate in a repetitive cycle between a first configuration having a first minimum radius of curvature and a second configuration having a second minimum radius of curvature along the bending axis. Equipped with, The bidirectional support contacts the second large surface along the bending axis, the first minimum radius of curvature is the radius of curvature at which the cover substrate has a flat configuration, and the second minimum radius of curvature is 200 mm to 10,000 mm. The aforementioned thickness is 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, and the display system.

2. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the bending axis extends in the horizontal direction (length direction) or vertical direction (width direction) of the cover substrate.

3. The display system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bending axis extends along the shortest length or width dimension of the cover substrate.

4. The display system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the display is positioned beneath a dynamically bendable portion of the cover substrate.

5. When an impactor having a mass of 6.8 kg collides with the first large surface of the bidirectional support at a collision velocity of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (1177 m / s) at any point in the iterative cycle. ２ The display system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cover substrate is continuously supported on the bending axis throughout the entire iterative cycle, as follows:

6. The deceleration of the impactor is 80 g (785 m / s) for any 3 ms interval during the entire collision time. ２ The display system according to claim 5, which does not exceed )

7. The display system according to claim 5, wherein after the impactor collides with the impact position of the first large surface, the cover substrate has virtually no local bending at the impact position, the cover substrate bends along the bending axis, and has virtually no anti-crushing effect.

8. The display system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination between the dynamically bending cover substrate assembly and the display.

9. A first frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite to the first frame surface, and an edge, wherein the first frame has a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface. Furthermore, The display is positioned in the frame opening within the inner surface. The display system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cover substrate is disposed on the surface of the first frame, covering the display.

10. A second frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite to the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the second frame having a frame thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width defined as a first dimension perpendicular to the frame thickness of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and a frame length defined as a second dimension perpendicular to both the frame thickness and the frame width of one of the first frame surface and the second frame surface. A frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface, and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface, and A second display is positioned in the frame opening within the inner surface of the second frame. Furthermore, The bidirectional support is attached to the second frame surface of the first frame and the second frame surface of the second frame, and is positioned between the first frame and the second frame. The display system according to claim 9, wherein the bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

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