Encoding method, encoding device, and readable storage medium

Abstract

The present application discloses an encoding method, an encoding apparatus and a readable storage medium, which belong to the field of communication technology, and includes: an encoding end obtains a transmission symbol of a current symbol period by encoding according to a DSTBC encoding scheme, an NSTBC codebook and a power sum of transmission symbols on a transmission antenna for the first two symbol periods; and the encoding end determines a transmission symbol of a symbol period next to the current symbol period according to the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, where the first two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Cross-reference of related applications) This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202210056640.9, filed in China on 18 January 2022, and all contents of that application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This application belongs to the field of communications technology, and more specifically relates to an encoding method, an encoding apparatus, and a readable storage medium. [Background technology]

[0003] Conventional orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) coding codebooks, including Alamouti codes, can achieve full diversity gain and full rate simultaneously. These are all designed for conventional active radio frequency communications and do not consider the modulation characteristics and implementation complexity similar to passive terminals such as backscatter communications. Furthermore, they require the decoding end to know the channel state information (CSI) between all transmitting and receiving antennas.

[0004] Conventional differential spatiotemporal block codes are only applicable to constant modulus modulation such as Multiple Phase Shift Keying (MPSK). For non-constant modulus modulation such as Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (APSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the energy of each constellation symbol differs, making it impossible to directly employ the encoding and decoding methods of conventional differential spatiotemporal block codes.

[0005] Currently, there is a need for an encoding method that eliminates the need for the decoding end to know the CSI between all transmitting and receiving antennas, thereby reducing the complexity of the system implementation, and that can be applied to differential spatiotemporal block codes with adeterminate modulus modulation. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] Embodiments of this application provide an encoding method, encoding apparatus, and readable storage medium that can reduce the complexity of system implementation and solve the problem of not being able to apply to adeterminate modulus modulation without the decoding end knowing the CSI between all transmitting and receiving antennas. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The first aspect provides an encoding method, which is: The coding terminal encodes the current symbol period's transmitted symbol using a differential space-time block coding (DSTBC) coding scheme, a new space-time block coding (NSTBC) codebook, and the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol period transmitting antennas, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period. The coding terminal includes determining the transmit symbol for the next symbol period of the current symbol period based on the transmit symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook.

[0008] A second aspect provides an encoding device, which encoding device The coding end is a differential coding module for encoding to obtain a transmitted symbol of the current symbol period by differential spatiotemporal block coding scheme DSTBC coding scheme, new spatiotemporal block coding NSTBC codebook and the power sum of transmitted symbols on the first two symbol period transmitting antennas, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period, The coding terminal includes an NSTBC coding module for determining the transmit symbol for the next symbol period of the current symbol period, based on the transmit symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook.

[0009] A third aspect provides an encoding terminal which includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the method of the first aspect are realized.

[0010] A fourth aspect provides a coding terminal, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is configured such that the coding terminal encodes the current symbol period's transmission symbol by the DSTBC coding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the first two symbol period transmitting antennas. The coding terminal is used to determine the transmission symbol for the next symbol period of the current symbol period, based on the transmission symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period.

[0011] A fifth aspect provides a readable storage medium in which a program or instruction is stored, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method of the first aspect are realized.

[0012] A sixth aspect provides a chip comprising a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface being coupled with the processor, the processor running a program or instructions, and used to implement the method according to the first aspect.

[0013] A seventh aspect provides a computer program product, the computer program product being stored in a storage medium, and the computer program / program product being executed by at least one processor to realize the steps of the method of the first aspect.

[0014] The eighth aspect provides a communication device configured to perform steps of the method according to the first aspect. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] In the embodiments of this application, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using a DSTBC coding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol-period transmitting antennas, while the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period is calculated using a low-complexity NSTBC codebook. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the coding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI. That is, system overhead is reduced without the need to transmit pilot signals on each transmitting antenna, and avaricious modulus modulation is applied by using the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol-period transmitting antennas when calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook guarantees diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, thereby reducing the implementation complexity of the system and effectively reducing the probability of detection errors. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0016] [Figure 1a] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the backscatter communication transmission end. [Figure 1b]This is a schematic diagram of Alamouti spatiotemporal block code diversity transmission. [Figure 2] This is a flowchart of the encoding method according to the embodiment of this application. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an encoding device according to an embodiment of this application. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal according to an embodiment of this application. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram of the network-side equipment structure according to an embodiment of this application. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0017] The following clearly describes the technical concepts in the embodiments of this application, linking them to the drawings of the embodiments. Clearly, the embodiments described are only some, not all, embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are intended to distinguish similar subjects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that these terms are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of this application may be carried out in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the subjects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same kind and do not limit the number of subjects; for example, the first subject may be one or more. In the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected subjects, and the letter " / " generally indicates that the preceding and succeeding related subjects are in an "or" relationship.

[0019] It should be noted that the technologies described in the embodiments of this application are not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but are also applicable to other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of this application are always used interchangeably, and the technologies described may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, or for other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for illustrative purposes, and uses NR terminology in most of the following descriptions, but these technologies are also applicable to applications other than NR system applications, such as sixth-generation (6) radio. th It may be applied to 6G (Generation 1) communication systems.

[0020] In the embodiments of this application, the encoding end may be deployed on the transmitting device, for example, on a terminal or network-side device. Here, the terminal is a mobile phone, tablet personal computer (TPC), laptop computer (LC) (or called notebook computer), personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer, netbook, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device (WD), vehicle user equipment (VUE), pedestrian user equipment (PUE), smart home (home appliances with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines or furniture), game console, personal computer (Personal The terminal-side equipment may be a computer (PC), a deposit machine or self-service machine, and the wearable device includes smartwatches, smart wristbands, smart earphones, smart glasses, smart accessories (smart bracelets, smart hand chains, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart ankle bracelets, smart anklets, etc.), smart bands, smart clothing, etc. It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific type of terminal in the embodiments. The network-side equipment may include access network equipment or core network equipment. Here, access network equipment may be called radio access network equipment, radio access network (RAN), radio access network function or radio access network unit.Access network equipment may include base stations, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access points, or Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) nodes, and base stations may also be called Node B, Evolutionary Node B (eNB), access point, Base Transceiver Station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), home B node, home evolutionary B node, Transmitting Receiving Point (TRP), or any other appropriate term in the art, and are not limited to specific technical terms as long as the same technical effect is achieved. For the purposes of this explanation, the embodiments of this application only use base stations in NR systems as examples and do not limit the specific types of base stations.The core network equipment includes core network nodes, core network functions, Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), User Plane Function (UPF), Policy Control Function (PCF), Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), Edge Application Server Discovery Function (EASDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Unified Data Repository (UDR), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Centralized network configuration (CNC), Network Repository Function (NRF), Network Exposure Function (NEF), Local NEF (or L-NEF), Binding Support Function (BSF), and Application Functions (Application It may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: Function, AF, etc. It should be noted that the embodiments of this application only illustrate core network equipment in an NR system, and do not limit the specific types of core network equipment.

[0021] To better understand the proposed technology in this application, we will first introduce the following points.

[0022] Future 6G communication networks will need to support the massive interconnection of everything, where the number of Internet of Things devices will reach the hundreds of billions, and their connection density will be higher than that of the fifth generation (5G). th Compared to Generation 5G communication systems, it is 10 to 100 times more efficient, with a rate of 10 to 100 units / m 2 The connection density will reach a certain level. Large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) devices present new challenges in terms of cost and power consumption. Cellular networking, low cost, low power consumption, and even zero power consumption passive operation are the main trends in the future development of IoT devices. Conventional passive terminals are limited by their power consumption and hardware capabilities, and their communication transmission distance is mostly less than 10 meters, far short of the 100-meter coverage target of cellular networks. Therefore, how to effectively improve the communication distance of passive terminals is a challenge that needs to be solved after the cellular networking of this technology.

[0023] Backscatter communication (BSC) controls the amplitude or phase of a signal by changing the load impedance. Therefore, considering other non-ideal elements of the backscatter modulation circuit, there will be more or less error in the amplitude or phase of the output signal. However, as long as these signal errors are within a recognizable range, they do not affect signal demodulation. Therefore, if the number or type of load impedances that need to be controlled on the antenna is small, the tolerance increases and the error detection probability decreases. Furthermore, due to the power consumption and capability limitations of the backscatter communication equipment (BSC UE), in some cases it is undesirable to waste power and resources transmitting a pilot signal; that is, it is required that the decoding end can complete signal demodulation without knowing the CSI information.

[0024] Backscatter Communication (BSC) Backscatter communication is a method in which a backscatter communication device uses radio frequency signals from other devices or the environment to modulate its own information. The modulation circuit is as shown in Figure 1a, and the backscatter communication device modulates the signal by adjusting its internal impedance to control the reflection coefficient Γ of the circuit, thereby changing the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the incident signal. Here, the reflection coefficient of the signal may be characterized as follows. JPEG0007905444000001.jpg2071 Here, Z0 is the antenna characteristic impedance, Z1 is the load impedance, j represents a complex number, and θ T S represents the phase. The incident signal is S in If (t), the output signal is S out (t)=S in (t)|Γ|e jθT Therefore, by rationally controlling the reflection coefficient, corresponding amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or phase modulation can be realized. Based on this, backscatter communication equipment may be a tag in conventional radio frequency identification (RFID), or a passive or semi-passive Internet of Things (IoT). For convenience, these are collectively referred to here as BSC UE.

[0025] About Constant Modulus Modulation and Nonconstant Modulation Typical modulation techniques can be divided into constant-modulus modulation and non-constant-modulus modulation. So-called constant-modulus modulation is characterized by the same power or amplitude at the symbol constellation points after modulation. MPSK is a typical example of constant-modulus modulation. On the other hand, non-constant-modulus modulation is characterized by different power or amplitude at the symbol constellation points after modulation. Typical examples of non-constant-modulus modulation include APSK and QAM.

[0026] Since typical constant-modulus modulation MPSK distinguishes constellation points only in the phase dimension, the Euclidean distance between constellation points is relatively small and is vulnerable to noise interference. On the other hand, the constellation points of non-constant-modulus modulation such as APSK or QAM are extended to the two-dimensional space of amplitude and phase, and the Euclidean distance between constellation points increases, so the ability to resist noise or interference becomes stronger. Table 1 shows the difference in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between MPSK and MQAM modulation at the same frequency band efficiency or modulation order. As can be seen from the table, when the bit error ratio (BER) performance is constant, 64-phase shift keying (PSK) requires an additional 9.95 dB SNR to obtain the same BER performance as 64QAM.

[0027]

Table 1

[0028] Regarding Orthogonal Space Time Block Code (OSTBC) Space-time block code STBC is widely applied in cellular communication and wireless local area networks. STBC introduces signal redundancy in the space and time domains, and rationally constructs a packet encoding transmission matrix to obtain diversity gain and antenna gain without increasing the bandwidth.

[0029] OSTBC is a special linear STBC, and its linear space-time block code S satisfies the following single condition. JPEG0007905444000003.jpg1051、 Here, I represents the identity matrix with dimension M, i represents the i-th element of the M dimension, S i is the diagonal element, the element in the i-th row of S represents the symbol transmitted on the i-th transmit antenna within M time instants, and the element in the j-th column of S is nt This represents the symbol transmitted on each antenna at the j-th time step. Each column in the transmission matrix S that satisfies the above equation is orthogonal to each other. This means that the transmitted signal sequences on different antennas are also orthogonal, thereby ensuring that the STBC can obtain full diversity gain at the same time. The corresponding decoding end can decouple the transmitted symbols on different antennas in order by simply performing maximal ratio combining (MRC), and can be detected and estimated by the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm.

[0030] The Alamouti code is the most representative OSTBC code and can achieve full diversity and full rate gain. Figure 1b shows the principle block diagram of the Alamouti code, in which two symbols are transmitted simultaneously on two antennas within a given symbol period. In the current symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is S1, and the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is S2. However, in the next symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is (-S2 * ) and the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is S1 * This results in the following spatiotemporal block code matrix. JPEG0007905444000004.jpg1534

[0031] Assuming that the channels from the two transmitting antennas to the receiving antenna are represented by h1 and h2 respectively, and that the time-invariant property is satisfied within two adjacent symbol periods, JPEG0007905444000005.jpg1095, JPEG0007905444000006.jpg1096, In two symbolic periods, the received signal on the receiving antenna will be as follows: JPEG0007905444000007.jpg1085, JPEG0007905444000008.jpg10103, Here, n1 and n2 represent received noise and signal interference. The decoding end performs integrated reception according to the following criteria: JPEG0007905444000009.jpg1050, JPEG0007905444000010.jpg1050, Substituting the received signals r1 and r2, we obtain the following: JPEG0007905444000011.jpg1094, JPEG0007905444000012.jpg1095, Finally, signals S1 and S2 can be estimated using the ML detector.

[0032] In addition to typical Alamouti block codes, a codebook for a typical two-antenna OSTBC code is shown in Table 2.

[0033] [Table 2]

[0034] New Space Time Block Code (NSTBC) In recent years, with the advancement of backscatter communication research, one researcher proposed the concept of backscatter diversity and designed a corresponding spatiotemporal block codeword. Such codewords reduce the complexity of hardware implementation and the probability of detection errors by optimizing the codebook of conventional Alamouti codes.

[0035] Taking a two-antenna transmission diversity as an example, the dimension of the codeword matrix S in this case is 2 × 2, and its coding structure is as follows. JPEG0007905444000014.jpg10150, According to the above coding structure, if S1 is the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 in the current symbol period, then S2 is the symbol transmitted on antenna 2.* However, in the next symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is S2, and the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is (-S1 * According to the OSTBC codeword definition, S2 belongs to the OSTBC codewords, and therefore can achieve full diversity gain and full rate transmission. Below, we analyze the differences between such codewords and conventional Alamouti codes in backscatter communication.

[0036] If transmission is based on BPSK modulation symbols, then according to the backscatter communication mapping principle, the mapping rules between symbols 0 and 1 and the reflection coefficient are as follows: JPEG0007905444000015.jpg2045, That is, symbols 0 and 1 are characterized by controlling two phase-inverted load impedances. Therefore, the coding table for diversity coded codeword S2 to transmit different symbols simultaneously on two antennas is shown in Table 5. For comparison, Tables 3 and 4 also show coding tables for Alamouti codewords and extended Alamouti codewords to transmit different symbols simultaneously on two antennas. Here, the extended Alamouti codeword is as follows: JPEG0007905444000016.jpg9150

[0037] [Table 3]

[0038] [Table 4]

[0039] [Table 5]

[0040] As can be seen from Table 3, in the codebook designed based on NSTBC, antenna 1 has two types of coefficients |Γ|ejθ and |Γ|e j(θ+π) Only two types of coefficients are needed, and antenna 2 also requires two types of coefficients |Γ|e- jθ and |Γ|e- j(θ+π) This is necessary. That is, each antenna requires only two types of load impedance. As can be seen from Tables 4-5, based on the Alamouti codeword and the extended Alamouti codeword, both antenna 1 and antenna 2 require four types of coefficients |Γ|e jθ 、|Γ|e j(θ+π) 、|Γ|e- jθ 、|Γ|e- j(θ+π) This requires, in other words, each antenna has four types of load impedance. An antenna is required. The same method can be extended to scenarios with four or more antennas.

[0041] About Differential Space Time Block Code (DSTBC) For conventional OSTBC and NSTBC, the decoding end employs a coherent detection decoding scheme, requiring reliable channel state information (CSI) from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna. However, in high-speed moving scenarios, scenarios where channel fading conditions change rapidly, or scenarios where transmitting pilots is difficult due to power and cost limitations in backscatter communications, the decoding end has difficulty reliably estimating the channel, or the cost of accurate channel estimation is high, and in these cases the decoding end cannot obtain ideal CSI information. Differential spatiotemporal block coding is a scheme that does not require either the coding end or the decoding end to know the CSI information, is easy to encode and decode, and can obtain diversity gain. The following will explain this using two-antenna transmission and one-antenna reception as examples.

[0042] At the transmitting coded end, assume that the coded end transmits the following symbols according to the Alamouti scheme during symbol period 1 and symbol period 2. JPEG0007905444000020.jpg9150, Here, the information S1 and S2 transmitted twice does not carry any information and is used only as a reference signal. Next, the coding end transmits using differential coding. In the 2t-1 symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are S 2t-1 and S 2t If so, then in the 2tth symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna will be -S2, respectively. * t and -S2 * t-1 Therefore, in the 2t+1th symbol period, a set of 2m bits arrives at the coding end, and the corresponding coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 The encoding end generates the symbol vectors transmitted in the first two symbol periods and the current encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 Based on the current 2t+1 Symbols transmitted in the symbol period Calculate JPEG0007905444000021.jpg6150, At the same time, based on the Alamouti codebook, the transmit symbols on the two antennas for the 2t+2th symbol period are set to -S2 respectively. * t+2 and S2 * t+1 It is calculated as follows. Here, the coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) satisfies the following, JPEG0007905444000022.jpg6150, JPEG0007905444000023.jpg6150, The transmission symbol is encoded by repeatedly following the encoding rules described above.

[0043] At the receiving and decoding end, the signal r 2t-1 ,r 2t ,r 2t+1 ,r 2t+2Assuming that the signal is received, the channel matrix is ​​defined as follows: JPEG0007905444000024.jpg1556, The noise signal will look like this: JPEG0007905444000025.jpg1058, Then, the received signal may also be expressed as follows: JPEG0007905444000026.jpg676, JPEG0007905444000027.jpg10137, Therefore, it will be as follows: JPEG0007905444000028.jpg16160, After integration processing, the following is obtained: JPEG0007905444000029.jpg17162, To put it simply, it is defined as follows: JPEG0007905444000030.jpg1077, JPEG0007905444000031.jpg6136, This yields the following: JPEG0007905444000032.jpg10105, Combining the previous mathematical derivations, we get the following: JPEG0007905444000033.jpg15144, Therefore, it will be as follows: JPEG0007905444000034.jpg10129 Here, The filename is JPEG0007905444000035.jpg1057.

[0044] The signals from the four time points are processed as follows: JPEG0007905444000036.jpg22161, When expanded, it yields the following: JPEG0007905444000037.jpg16159, To put it simply, it is defined as follows: JPEG0007905444000038.jpg1077, JPEG0007905444000039.jpg6131, The result is obtained as follows: JPEG0007905444000040.jpg10105, Combining the previous mathematical derivations, we get the following: JPEG0007905444000041.jpg6150, In the set of coding coefficient vectors V, all coding coefficient vectors are of equal length, and Since JPEG0007905444000042.jpg1031 has a one-to-one correspondence with the input symbol information, the receiver determines that the coded coefficient vector is closest to the statistical signal vector (R1,R2) in terms of Euclidean distance. Select JPEG0007905444000043.jpg1552 as the decoded output, JPEG0007905444000044.jpg11155, After calculating JPEG0007905444000045.jpg1550, it is mapped to the original symbol, thereby recovering the original bits.

[0045] Conventional OSTBC-based coding codebooks, including Alamouti, can achieve full diversity gain and full rate simultaneously, but they are all designed for conventional active radio frequency communications and do not take into account the modulation characteristics and implementation complexity similar to passive terminals such as backscatter communications, and require the decoding end to know the channel state information (CSI) between all transmitting and receiving antennas.

[0046] The NSTBC codebook, proposed for backscatter communications, reduces hardware implementation complexity and detection error probability by optimizing the codebook for conventional Alamouti codes. Such a scheme requires the decoding end to know the CSI information between all transmitting and receiving antennas. Conventional Alamouti-based differential spatiotemporal block codes do not require knowing the CSI information between all transmitting and receiving antennas, but they do not take into account the modulation characteristics and implementation complexity of passive terminals similar to those in backscatter communications.

[0047] Furthermore, conventional differential spatiotemporal block codes are only applicable to constant modulus modulation such as MPSK. For non-constant modulus modulation such as APSK and QAM, the energy of each constellation symbol differs, making it impossible to directly employ the encoding and decoding methods of conventional differential spatiotemporal block codes. However, considering the constellation shaping gain brought about by non-constant modulus modulation compared to constant modulus modulation, and the difference between amplitude modulation capability and phase modulation capability in backscatter communication, it is necessary to solve the encoding and decoding problem of differential spatiotemporal block codes based on non-constant modulus modulation.

[0048] In the following sections, the encoding method according to the embodiments of this application will be described in detail with reference to several embodiments and their application scenarios, accompanied by drawings.

[0049] Referring to Figure 2, an embodiment of the present application provides an encoding method. The implementing body of this method is an encoding end, which may be a terminal device or a network-side device, and the method includes the following steps.

[0050] Step 201: The coding end encodes the current symbol period's transmitted symbol using the DSTBC coding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol period transmitting antennas. Step 202: The coding end determines the transmit symbol for the next symbol period of the current symbol period based on the transmit symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook.

[0051] The first two symbol periods mentioned above are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period.

[0052] In the embodiments of this application, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using a DSTBC coding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol period transmitting antennas, while the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period is calculated using a low-complexity NSTBC codebook. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the coding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI. That is, there is no need to transmit a pilot signal on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead. When calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period, the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas for the first two symbol periods is used for normalization, enabling the application of avaricious modulus modulation. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook guarantees diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, reducing the system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the probability of detection errors.

[0053] The coding method according to the embodiment of this application calculates the symbol of the current symbol period by combining the DSTBC coding scheme and the NSTBC codebook and performing power normalization. By extracting the advantages of both, it eliminates the need to transmit pilot signals on each transmitting antenna, reduces system overhead, enables the application of adeterminate modulus modulation, obtains constellation shaping gain, and, by using the NSTBC codebook, guarantees diversity gain while simultaneously reducing the number of load impedance types on the antenna, thereby reducing the system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the detection error probability. The novel coding method obtained in this way may be called adeterminate modulus differential NSTBC coding scheme.

[0054] In some specific embodiments, the non-deterministic modulus differential NSTBC coding scheme of the embodiments of this application may be used in a two-antenna emission diversity scenario.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, the transmission symbols of the embodiments of this application are either constant-modulus modulated symbols or non-constant-modulus modulated symbols. Here, constant-modulus modulation includes at least BPSK modulation and multiple phase shift keying (MPSK), and non-constant-modulus modulation includes at least APSK modulation. That is, the modulation scheme used at the coding end may include binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and amplitude phase shift keying (APSK).

[0056] In some specific embodiments, the NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block coding, or the NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block coding, i.e., the two transmitting antennas may be spatially separated or polarly separated. Here, the polarization method is, This includes one or more of the following: horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand elliptic polarization, right-hand elliptic polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization.

[0057] In some specific embodiments, there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the transmitted symbols of the current symbol period.

[0058] In the embodiments of this application, we first design a mapping relationship from (M, N)-APSK (APSK will be used as an example) to an NSTBC codebook. Here, M represents the amplitude order of the APSK, and N represents the phase type of the APSK. The mapping is performed according to the following criteria: JPEG0007905444000046.jpg1034, JPEG0007905444000047.jpg1034, The NSTBC codebook structure is as follows: JPEG0007905444000048.jpg1539 Specifically, the 2-antenna NSTBC codebook and the 4-antenna NSTBC codebook are as follows: The NSTBC and Alamouti coding tables based on APSK modulation are shown in Tables 6 and 7, respectively. Here, Table 6 is the two-antenna emission diversity coding table for NSTBC based on (2,1)-APSK modulation, and Table 7 is the two-antenna emission diversity coding table for Alamouti based on (2,1)-APSK modulation.

[0059] [Table 6]

[0060] [Table 7]

[0061] Compared to the coding tables based on BPSK modulation in Tables 3-5, the APSK modulation-based coding tables in Tables 6-7 result in fewer phase types on some antennas. Taking the NSTBC codebook as an example, antenna 1 under APSK modulation has only one type of phase, i.e., e jθ Although it is necessary to support only two types of amplitudes |Γ1,|Γ2|, antenna 1 under BPSK modulation supports two types of phase e jθ and e j(θ+π) It is necessary to support one type of amplitude |Γ|. Similarly, antenna 2 under APSK modulation supports two types of phase e -jθ and e -j(θ+π) It is necessary to support two types of amplitudes |Γ1,|Γ2|, but antenna 2 under BPSK modulation supports two types of phase e -jθ and e -j(θ+π)It is necessary to support one type of amplitude |Γ|. On the other hand, for the Alamouti codebook, antennas 1 and 2 under APSK modulation need to support two types of amplitude and two types of phase, while antennas 1 and 2 under BPSK modulation need to support one type of amplitude and four types of phase.

[0062] Therefore, compared to BPSK, APSK reduces the number of impedance matches that support phase modulation by increasing the number of impedance matches that support amplitude modulation for some antennas. This is advantageous for some backscatter communications where amplitude modulation capability is better than phase modulation capability. Also, comparing the NSTBC codebook and the Alamouti codebook under the same APSK modulation, antenna 1 in the NSTBC codebook coding table needs to support only one type of phase, while antenna 1 in the Alamouti codebook coding table needs to support two types of phases, thus the NSTBC codebook can reduce the number of types of impedance matches for phase modulation of antenna 1.

[0063] Similarly, the NSTBC and ABBA-based 4-antenna emission diversity coding tables based on APSK modulation are shown in Tables 8 and 9, respectively. Here, Table 8 is the 4-antenna emission diversity coding table for NSTBC based on (2,1)-APSK modulation, and Table 9 is the 4-antenna emission diversity coding table for ABBA-based quasi-orthogonal spatiotemporal block coding (QSTBC) based on (2,1)-APSK modulation. Here, the ABBA-based codebook is as follows. JPEG0007905444000053.jpg18150

[0064] [Table 8] JPEG0007905444000055.jpg247166JPEG0007905444000056.jpg245166

[0065] [Table 9] JPEG0007905444000058.jpg244168JPEG0007905444000059.jpg221164

[0066] Similarly, in four-transmission diversity, APSK-based modulation has fewer impedance matching types to support phase modulation of antenna 1 and / or antenna 2, and more impedance matching types to support amplitude modulation, compared to BPSK modulation. The NSTBC-based codebook has fewer impedance matching types to support phase modulation of antenna 1 compared to the ABBA-based codebook. Therefore, APSK modulation is better suited to backscatter communication where impedance-based amplitude modulation is superior to phase modulation.

[0067] Based on the above coding table for (M,N)-APSK modulation, differential NSTBC coding under (M,N)-APSK modulation can be performed according to the following coding rules.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, the codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies the following conditions. JPEG0007905444000060.jpg1538, Here, S 2t+1 and S2 * t+2 These are the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coding end at the 2t+1th symbol period (for the purposes of this application, the transmitted symbols may also be called constellation symbols, constellation points, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not specifically limited to these names). 2t+2 and -S2 * t+1 Here, symbol S2 is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coded end with the 2t+2th symbol period. * t+2 is symbol S 2t+2 It is the conjugate of and symbol -S2 *t+1 Symbol S2 * t+1 It is the negative conjugate of , and the 2t+1th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the 2t+2nd symbol period is the symbol period following the current symbol period.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, the encoding terminal obtains the transmission symbol of the current symbol period by encoding it using the DSTBC encoding scheme and the NSTBC codebook. (1) The coding terminal determines the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period by the DSTBC coding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbol of the previous symbol period, (2) The coding terminal determines the coded transmit symbol for the current symbol period based on the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period and the power sum of the transmit symbols on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol period symbols of the current symbol period.

[0070] Specifically, regarding the above (1) coding terminal determining the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, the embodiments of this application provide two specific embodiments, which include the following:

[0071] Embodiment 1: (1.1) The coding end is determined according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000061.jpg1096, JPEG0007905444000062.jpg1096, The coding coefficient vector (A(D)) ​​at the 2t+1th symbol period of the coding edge. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) will be decided. Here, S 2t+1 and S2 * t+2 S is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coded end with the 2t+1th symbol period, 2t‐1 and S2 * tS is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coded end at the 2t-1th symbol period, 2t and -S2 * t‐1 This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coding end with the 2t-th symbol period.

[0072] In the embodiments of this application, the coding end uses a direct calculation method to obtain the coding coefficient vector (A(D) of the current symbol period. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 Calculate )).

[0073] Specifically, the above (1) coding terminal determines the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, (1.2) The coding end, based on a pre-defined mapping table between the original bits or original symbols and the coding coefficient vector, determines the coding coefficient vector (A(D) at the 2t+1 symbol period of the coding end. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 This further includes determining the following: Here, the pre-configured mapping table contains the original bit or original symbol and (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 This includes the mapping relationship after the initial reference symbol determination between ))

[0074] The original bit or original symbol mentioned above refers to the initial data bit or initial symbol to be encoded, and the initial reference symbol mentioned above refers to the reference symbol on the transmitting antenna during the first symbol period, i.e., the first symbol period.

[0075] In the embodiments of this application, the coding terminal uses a method that directly examines the mapping table (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) will be decided.

[0076] Specifically, the above (2) coding terminal determines the transmitted symbol after coding for the current symbol period based on the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, (2.1) The symbolization end determines the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by symbolizing in the (2t + 1)-th symbol period according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000063.jpg10150 including determining the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by symbolizing in the (2t + 1)-th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) is the encoding coefficient vector of the (2t + l)-th symbol period determined by the symbolization end, S 2t‐1 and S2 * t are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by symbolizing in the (2t - 1)-th symbol period, S 2t and -S2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by symbolizing in the 2t-th symbol period, |S 2t-1 | 2 +|S 2t | 2 is the sum of the powers of the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas within the (2t - 1)-th symbol period.

[0077] In the embodiment of this application, the symbolization end calculates the transmission symbols of the current symbol period by power normalization based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period and the sum of the powers of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods of the current symbol period.

[0078] <s For example, in the (2t - 1)-th symbol period, if the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are S 2t-1 and S2 * t respectively, then in the 2t-th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are S 2t and -S2 * t-1 respectively. That is, the transmission signals on two antennas in the (2t - 1)-th and 2t-th symbol periods at the transmission end satisfy JPEG0007905444000064.jpg1538 In the 2t+1th symbol period, a set of 2m bits arrives at the coding end, and according to the mapping relation M, the corresponding coding coefficient vector (A(D) 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 (For example, by examining a pre-configured mapping table), the encoding end generates the symbol vectors sent in the first two symbol periods and the current encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 Symbol sent at the current time based on )) Calculate JPEG0007905444000065.jpg10150. And, in a 2t+2 symbol period, the symbols transmitted on the two antennas are (S 2t+2 ,-S2 * t+1 ) is the coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 The relationship between )) and the current input symbol is as follows: JPEG0007905444000066.jpg1096, JPEG0007905444000067.jpg1096,

[0079] Embodiment 2: (1.1) The coding end is determined according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000068.jpg11150, JPEG0007905444000069.jpg11150, The coding coefficient vector (A(D)) ​​at the 2t+1th symbol period of the coding edge. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) To decide. Here, S 2t+1 and S2 * t+2 S is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coded end with the 2t+1th symbol period, 2t-1 and S2 * tS is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coded end at the 2t-1th symbol period, 2t and -S2 * t-1 These are the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coding end with the 2tth symbol period, JPEG0007905444000070.jpg6150 is the square root of the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas within the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0080] In the embodiments of this application, the coding end uses a direct calculation method to obtain the coding coefficient vector (A(D) of the current symbol period. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 Calculate )).

[0081] Specifically, the above (1) coding terminal determines the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, (1.2) The coding end, based on a pre-defined mapping table between the original bits or original symbols and the coding coefficient vector, determines the coding coefficient vector (A(D) at the 2t+1 symbol period of the coding end. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 This further includes determining the following: Here, the pre-configured mapping table contains the original bit or original symbol and (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 This includes the mapping relationship after the initial reference symbol determination between ))

[0082] Specifically, the above (2) coding terminal determines the transmitted symbol after coding for the current symbol period based on the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, (2.1) The coding end is determined according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000071.jpg11150 This includes determining the transmitted symbols on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoded end with the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1), B(D 2t+1 )) is the coding coefficient vector of the 2t+1th symbol period determined by the coding end, S 2t-1 and S2 * t S is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coded end at the 2t-1th symbol period, 2t and -S2 * t-1 These are the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coding end with the 2tth symbol period, JPEG0007905444000072.jpg1543 is the square root of the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas within the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0083] In the embodiments of this application, the coding terminal calculates the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period by power normalization, based on the coding coefficient vector for the current symbol period and the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol period transmitting antennas for the current symbol period.

[0084] For example, in the 2t-1th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are S 2t-1 and S2 * t If so, then in the 2tth symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are, respectively, S 2t and -S2 * t-1 Therefore, the transmitted signals on the two antennas at the 2t-1th and 2tth symbol periods of the transmitting end are: The file JPEG0007905444000073.jpg1538 satisfies the following conditions: In the 2t+1th symbol period, a set of 2m bits arrives at the coding end, and according to the mapping relation M, the corresponding coding coefficient vector (A(D) 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1(For example, by examining a pre-configured mapping table), the encoding end generates the symbol vectors sent in the first two symbol periods and the current encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 Symbol sent at the current time based on )) Calculate JPEG0007905444000074.jpg11150, And, in a 2t+2 symbol period, the symbols transmitted on the two antennas are (S 2t+2 ,-S2 * t+1 ) exists. Here, the coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 The relationship between )) and the current input symbol is as follows: JPEG0007905444000075.jpg11150, JPEG0007905444000076.jpg11150,

[0085] In a specific embodiment, the method is: The encoded end encodes the first symbol period, and the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained are (S1, S2 * ) and the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the coding end at the second symbol period are (S2,-S1 * This further includes determining that ). Here, (S1, S2 * ) and (S2,-S1 * ) satisfies the following NSTBC codebook requirements. JPEG0007905444000077.jpg1525

[0086] (S1, S2 * ) is the initial reference symbol that is determined.

[0087] The above describes the process of obtaining transmitted symbols on two transmitting antennas by encoding at the 2t+1th symbol period (including Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2). By repeating the above process, differential NSTBC encoded transmission of all information bits to be transmitted can be completed.

[0088] One thing to explain, which can be seen from the above process, is that in differential NSTBC coding, two symbols can be coded in a single symbol period. The transmission symbols for two symbol periods only need to be coded once (because the transmission symbol for the next symbol period can be determined based on the transmission symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook), and since the next symbol period is redundant to the previous one, in actual application scenarios, one delay device may be set up, the differential NSTBC coding method may be used to perform coding from the 2t+1th symbol period, the delay device may record a time delay of one symbol period, and then the differential NSTBC coding method may be used to perform coding from the 2t+3rd symbol period. This is because the transmission symbols for the 2t+1th symbol period and the transmission symbols for the 2t+2nd symbol period can be determined in a single coding process.

[0089] The following describes the technical concept of the embodiment of this application, linking it to specific examples.

[0090] Example 1: This embodiment of the present solution uses (2,2)-APSK as an example to explain the differential NSTBC encoding process in the previously described Embodiment 1. If (2,2)-APSK modulation is used, the set of constellation points is {-3,-1,1,3}, and the set of encoding coefficient vectors is V. Let S1=1 and S2=3 be the two initial reference modulation signals, and let the four input bits at the encoder input terminal be c1, c2, c3, c4, respectively. According to the mapping rule "00,01,10,11" --> {1,3,-1,-3}, the first two bits c1 and c2 are mapped to symbol s3, and the latter two bits c3 and c4 are mapped to symbol s4. The mapping relationship is as follows: JPEG0007905444000078.jpg15112, JPEG0007905444000079.jpg10140, According to the definition of the coding coefficient vector, it is as follows: JPEG0007905444000080.jpg1061, JPEG0007905444000081.jpg1061, The mapping relationship between the coding coefficient vector (A(D3), B(D3)) and the input bits c1 and c2, depending on their different values, is obtained as shown in Table 10.

[0091] [Table 10]

[0092] Assuming that the transmitted symbols emitted from the two antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period are as follows, S 2t-1 =3, S * 2t =-1, According to the NSTBC coding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas during the 2tth symbol period are as follows: S 2t =-1, S * 2t-1 =-3, In the 2t+1th symbol period, if the input bits arriving at the encoder are 0010, then according to the mapping rule between the input bits and the coding coefficient vector, the following occurs: M( 00 , 10 )=(-2,4), Therefore, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ))=(-2,4). The encoder takes the symbol vector transmitted in the first two symbol periods and the current coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 Calculate the symbol to be sent at the current time based on )).

number

[0093] Example 2: An embodiment of this solution will use (2,2)-APSK as an example to explain the differential NSTBC encoding process in the previously described embodiment 2. If (2,2)-APSK modulation is used, the set of constellation points is {-3,-1,1,3} and the set of coding coefficient vectors is V. Two initial reference modulation signals are s1=1 and s2=3, and the four input bits at the encoder input terminal are c1, c2, c3, c4 respectively. According to the mapping rule "00,01,10,11" --> {1,3,-1,-3}, the first two bits c1 and c2 are mapped to symbol s3, and the latter two bits c3 and c4 are mapped to symbol s4, and the mapping relationship is as follows. JPEG0007905444000084.jpg15112, JPEG0007905444000085.jpg10140, According to the definition of the coding coefficient vector, it is as follows: JPEG0007905444000086.jpg1545, JPEG0007905444000087.jpg1545, The mapping relationship between the coding coefficient vectors (A(D3), B(D3)) and the input bits C1 and C2, depending on their different values, is obtained as follows:

[0094] [table] JPEG0007905444000088.jpg104165JPEG0007905444000089.jpg51165

[0095] Assuming that the transmitted symbols emitted from the two antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period are as follows, S 2t-1 =3, S * 2t =-1, According to the NSTBC coding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas during the 2tth symbol period are as follows: S 2t =-1,- S * 2t-1 =-3, In the 2t+1th symbol period, if the input bit arriving at the encoder is 1110, then according to the mapping rule between the input bit and the coding coefficient vector, it becomes as follows:

number

number

number

[0096] In the encoding method according to the embodiment of this application, the execution body may be an encoding device. In the embodiment of this application, the encoding device according to the embodiment of this application will be described as an example in which the encoding device performs the encoding method.

[0097] Referring to Figure 3, the embodiment of this application provides an encoding device 300, The coding end includes a differential coding module 301 for encoding to obtain a transmitted symbol of the current symbol period using the differential spatiotemporal block coding scheme DSTBC, the new spatiotemporal block coding NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol period transmitting antennas, The coding terminal includes an NSTBC coding module 302 for determining the transmit symbol for the next symbol period of the current symbol period based on the transmit symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period.

[0098] In the embodiments of this application, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using a DSTBC coding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol-period transmitting antennas, while the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period is calculated using a low-complexity NSTBC codebook. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the coding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI. That is, there is no need to transmit a pilot signal on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead, and normalization is performed using the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol-period transmitting antennas when calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period, enabling the application of avaricious modulus modulation. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook guarantees diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, reducing the system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the detection error probability.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, the codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies the following: JPEG0007905444000093.jpg1130, Here, S 2t+1 and S2 * t+2 This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t+1th symbol period, S 2t+2 and -S2 * t+1 This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t+2th symbol period, and symbol S2 * t+2 is symbol S 2t+2 It is the conjugate of and symbol -S2 * t+1 is symbol S 2t+1 It is the negative conjugate of the above, and the 2t+1th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the 2t+2nd symbol period is the symbol period following the current symbol period.

[0100] In a specific embodiment, the differential coding module and the NSTBC coding module are, specifically, The coding terminal determines the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period based on the DSTBC coding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbol of the previous symbol period, and determines the transmitted symbol after coding for the current symbol period. The encoding terminal is used to determine the transmission symbol for the next symbol period after the current symbol period, based on the encoded transmission symbol for the current symbol period.

[0101] In a specific embodiment, the differential coding module is specifically: The coding terminal is determined according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000094.jpg10150 The encoding terminal is used to determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding with the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) is the coding coefficient vector of the 2t+1th symbol period determined by the coding terminal, and the s 2t-1 and the aforementioned s2 * t This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal at the 2t-1th symbol period, and the s 2t and the aforementioned -s2 * t-1 This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal at the 2t-th symbol period, and the |s 2t-1 | 2 +|s 2t | 2 This is the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas within the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0102] In a specific embodiment, the differential coding module is specifically: The coding terminal is determined according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000095.jpg1096, JPEG0007905444000096.jpg1096, The encoding coefficient vectors (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) at the (2t + 1)-th symbol period of the encoding end are used to determine. [[ID=X]]Here, s 2t+1 and s2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding at the (2t + 1)-th symbol period of the encoding end, s 2t-1 and s2 * t are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding at the (2t - 1)-th symbol period of the encoding end, s 2t and -s2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding at the 2t-th symbol period of the encoding end.

[0103] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module specifically The encoding end is based on a preset mapping table between the original bits or symbols and the encoding coefficient vectors, and the encoding coefficient vectors (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) at the (2t + 1)-th symbol period of the encoding end are used to determine. Here, the preset mapping table includes the mapping relationship after determining the initial reference symbol between the original bits or symbols and the (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )).

[0104] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module specifically further The encoding end follows the following formula JPEG0007905444000097.jpg11150 It is used to determine the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding in the (2t + 1)-th symbol period at the encoding end. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) is the encoding coefficient vector in the (2t + 1)-th symbol period determined by the encoding end, and the s 2t-1 and the s2 * t are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding in the (2t - 1)-th symbol period at the encoding end, and the s 2t and the -s2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period at the encoding end. The JPEG0007905444000098.jpg6150 is the square root of the sum of the powers of the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas within the (2t - 1)-th symbol period.

[0105] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module specifically further The encoding end is according to the following formula JPEG0007905444000099.jpg11150, JPEG0007905444000100.jpg11150, The encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) in the (2t + 1)-th symbol period of the encoding end is used to be determined. Here, s 2t+1 and s2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding in the (2t + 1)-th symbol period at the encoding end, and s 2t-1 and s2 * t are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding in the (2t - 1)-th symbol period at the encoding end, and s 2t and -s2 *t-1 This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t-th symbol period.

[0106] In a specific embodiment, the differential coding module is further, The encoding terminal, based on a pre-set mapping table between the original bit or original symbol and the encoding coefficient vector, determines the encoding coefficient vector (A(D) at the 2t+1 symbol period of the encoding terminal. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 It is used to determine ). Here, the pre-configured mapping table includes the original bit or symbol and the (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 This includes the mapping relationship after the initial reference symbol determination between ))

[0107] In a specific embodiment, the NSTBC coding module is specifically: The coding terminal determines the transmission symbol for the next symbol period of the current symbol period based on the encoding and the NSTBC codebook, and the coding terminal encodes the transmission symbols s on the two transmitting antennas for the 2t+1th symbol period. 2t+1 and s2 * t+2 After obtaining the NSTBC codebook structure, According to JPEG0007905444000101.jpg1538, the transmitted symbols s on the two transmitting antennas are encoded to have a 2t+2th symbol period. 2t+2 and -s2 * t+1 It is used to obtain [something].

[0108] In a specific embodiment, the apparatus is The encoding terminal is such that the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the first symbol period are (s1, s2 *) and the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the second symbol period are (s2,-s1 * It further includes a first decision module for determining that ). Here, the above (s1, s2 * ) and the above (s2,-s1 * ) must meet the following NSTBC codebook requirements, JPEG0007905444000102.jpg1525 The above (s1, s2 * ) is the initial reference symbol that is determined.

[0109] In a specific embodiment, there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the transmitted symbols of the current symbol period.

[0110] In a specific embodiment, the NSTBC codebook may be used for space-time block coding, or for polarization-time block coding, meaning the two transmitting antennas may be spatially separated or polarly separated.

[0111] In a specific embodiment, the transmission symbol is a constant-modulus modulation symbol or a non-constant-modulus modulation symbol. The constant modulus modulation includes at least BPSK modulation, The aforementioned non-deterministic modulus modulation includes at least APSK modulation.

[0112] The encoding device in the embodiments of this application may be an electronic device, such as an electronic device having an operating system, or a component of an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. This electronic device may be a terminal, or it may be other devices other than terminals. Exemplarily, a terminal may include, but is not limited to, the types of terminals listed above, and other devices may include servers, network-attached storage (NAS), etc., and the embodiments of this application are not specifically limited.

[0113] The encoding apparatus according to the embodiment of this application can implement each process realized by the embodiment of the method shown in Figure 2 and achieve the same technical effects, and to avoid repetition of the explanation, it will not be explained further here.

[0114] Selectively, as shown in Figure 4, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 400 which includes a processor 401 and a memory 402, the memory 402 storing a program or instruction that can be executed on the processor 401. For example, if the communication device 400 is a terminal, when this program or instruction is executed by the processor 401, each step of the embodiment of the encoding method described above can be realized and the same technical effect can be achieved. If the communication device 400 is a network-side device, when this program or instruction is executed by the processor 401, each step of the embodiment of the encoding method described above can be realized and the same technical effect can be achieved, and to avoid repetition of the explanation, this will not be explained further here.

[0115] In the embodiments of this application, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using a DSTBC coding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol-period transmitting antennas, while the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period is calculated using a low-complexity NSTBC codebook. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the coding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI. That is, there is no need to transmit a pilot signal on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead, and normalization is performed using the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol-period transmitting antennas when calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period, enabling the application of avaricious modulus modulation. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook guarantees diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, reducing the system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the detection error probability.

[0116] Specifically, when the encoding end is a terminal, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure that realizes the terminal of the embodiment of this application.

[0117] The terminal 500 includes, but is not limited to, some of the following components: a radio frequency unit 501, a network module 502, an audio output unit 503, an input unit 504, a sensor 505, a display unit 506, a user input unit 507, an interface unit 508, a memory 509, and a processor 510.

[0118] As those skilled in the art will understand, the terminal 500 may further include a power supply (e.g., a battery) to power each component, and the power supply may be logically connected to the processor 510 by a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as charge / discharge management and power consumption management by the power management system. The terminal structure shown in Figure 5 does not constitute a limitation on terminals, and a terminal may include more or fewer components than those shown, or combinations of some components, or different arrangements of components, which will not be described further here.

[0119] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, the input unit 504 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 5041 and a microphone 5042, the graphics processing unit 5041 processing still images or video image data obtained by an image capture device (e.g., a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 506 may include a display panel 5061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, organic light-emitting diodes, etc. The user input unit 507 includes at least one of a touch panel 5071 and other input devices 5072. The touch panel 5071 is also called a touchscreen. The touch panel 5071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. The other input devices 5072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (e.g., volume control buttons, switch buttons, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, or an operating lever, and will not be described further here.

[0120] In an embodiment of the present application, after receiving downlink data from a network-side device, the radio frequency unit 501 can transmit it to the processor 510 for processing, and the radio frequency unit 501 can also transmit uplink data to the network-side device. Generally, the radio frequency unit 501 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, an amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low-noise amplifier, a duplexer, etc.

[0121] Memory 509 may be used to store software programs or instructions and various data. Memory 509 may mainly include a first storage area for stored programs or instructions and a second storage area for stored data. Here, the first storage area can store an operating system, an application program or instructions necessary for at least one function (e.g., audio playback function, image playback function, etc.), etc. Memory 509 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or memory 509 may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Here, non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), and may include static random access memory (Static RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (Synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (Double Data Rate SDRAM, DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (Enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (Synch link DRAM, SLDRAM), and direct Rambus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory 509 in the embodiments of this application includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0122] The processor 510 may include one or more processing units. Selectively, the processor 510 integrates an application processor and a modem processor. Here, the application processor primarily handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, and application programs, while the modem processor primarily handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. To be clear, the modem processor does not necessarily have to be integrated into the processor 510.

[0123] Here, the processor 510 is used to encode the transmitting symbol of the current symbol period by the differential spatiotemporal block coding scheme DSTBC, the new spatiotemporal block coding NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmitting symbols on the first two symbol period transmitting antennas. The processor 510 uses the coding terminal to determine the transmit symbol for the next symbol period after the current symbol period, based on the transmit symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period.

[0124] In the embodiments of this application, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using a DSTBC coding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol-period transmitting antennas, while the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period is calculated using a low-complexity NSTBC codebook. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the coding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI. That is, there is no need to transmit a pilot signal on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead, and normalization is performed using the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the first two symbol-period transmitting antennas when calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period, enabling the application of avaricious modulus modulation. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook guarantees diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, reducing the system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the detection error probability.

[0125] Specifically, the codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies the following conditions: JPEG0007905444000103.jpg1130, Here, s 2t+1 and s2 * t+2 is the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t+1th symbol period, s 2t+2 and -s2 * t+1 is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t+2th symbol period. Here, symbol s2 * t+2 is, symbol s 2t+2 It is the conjugate of and symbol -s2 * t+1 is, symbol s 2t+1 It is the negative conjugate of the above, and the 2t+1th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the 2t+2nd symbol period is the symbol period following the current symbol period.

[0126] Specifically, the processor 510 is, The coding terminal determines the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period by the DSTBC coding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbol of the previous symbol period, The encoding terminal is used to determine the transmission symbol for the next symbol period after encoding the current symbol period, based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

[0127] Specifically, the processor 510 is, The coding terminal is determined according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000104.jpg10150 The encoding terminal is used to determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding with the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1), B(D 2t+1 )) is the coding coefficient vector of the 2t+1th symbol period determined by the coding terminal, and the s 2t-1 and the aforementioned s2 * t This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal at the 2t-1th symbol period, and the s 2t and the aforementioned -s2 * t-1 This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal at the 2t-th symbol period, and the |s 2t-1 | 2 +|s 2t | 2 This is the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas within the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0128] Specifically, the processor 510 is, The coding terminal is determined according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000105.jpg1096, JPEG0007905444000106.jpg1096, The coding coefficient vector (A(D)) ​​at the 2t+1th symbol period of the coding end. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 It is used to determine ). Here, s 2t+1 and s2 * t+2 is the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t+1th symbol period, s 2t-1 and s2 * t is the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal at the 2t-1th symbol period, s 2t and -s2 * t-1 This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t-th symbol period.

[0129] Specifically, the processor 510 is, The encoding terminal, based on a pre-set mapping table between the original bit or original symbol and the encoding coefficient vector, determines the encoding coefficient vector (A(D) at the 2t+1 symbol period of the encoding terminal. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 It is used to determine ). Here, the pre-configured mapping table includes the original bit or symbol and the (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 This includes the mapping relationship after the initial reference symbol determination between ))

[0130] Specifically, the processor 510 further, The coding terminal is determined according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000107.jpg11150 The encoding terminal is used to determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding with the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) is the coding coefficient vector of the 2t+1th symbol period determined by the coding terminal, and the s 2t-1 and the aforementioned s2 * t This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal at the 2t-1th symbol period, and the s 2t and the aforementioned -s2 * t-1 These are the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t-th symbol period, and JPEG0007905444000108.jpg6150 is the square root of the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas within the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0131] Specifically, the processor 510 further, The coding terminal is determined according to the following formula: JPEG0007905444000109.jpg11150, JPEG0007905444000110.jpg11150, The coding coefficient vector (A(D)) ​​at the 2t+1th symbol period of the coding end. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 It is used to determine ). Here, s 2t+1 and s2 * t+2 is the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t+1th symbol period, s 2t-1 and s2 * t is the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal at the 2t-1th symbol period, s 2t and -s2 * t-1 This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t-th symbol period.

[0132] Specifically, the processor 510 further, The encoding terminal, based on a pre-set mapping table between the original bit or original symbol and the encoding coefficient vector, determines the encoding coefficient vector (A(D) at the 2t+1 symbol period of the encoding terminal. 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 It is used to determine ). Here, the pre-configured mapping table includes the original bit or symbol and the (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 This includes the mapping relationship after the initial reference symbol determination between ))

[0133] Specifically, the processor 510 is, The encoding terminal is such that the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the first symbol period are (s1, s2 * ) and the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the second symbol period are (s2,-s1 * It is used to determine that something is the case. Here, the above (s1, s2 * ) and the above (s2,-s1 * ) must meet the following NSTBC codebook requirements, JPEG0007905444000111.jpg1525 The above (s1, s2 * ) is the initial reference symbol that is determined.

[0134] Specifically, there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the amplitude of the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period.

[0135] Specifically, the NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block coding, or the NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block coding.

[0136] Specifically, the transmitted symbol is a constant-modulus modulation symbol or a non-constant-modulus modulation symbol. The constant modulus modulation includes at least BPSK modulation, The aforementioned non-deterministic modulus modulation includes at least APSK modulation.

[0137] Specifically, in the case where the coding end is a network-side device, as shown in Figure 6, this network-side device 600 includes an antenna 61, a radio frequency device 62, a baseband device 63, a processor 64, and a memory 65. The antenna 61 and the radio frequency device 62 are connected. In the uplink direction, the radio frequency device 62 receives information via the antenna 61 and transmits the received information to the baseband device 63 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 63 processes the information to be transmitted and transmits it to the radio frequency device 62, which then processes the received information and transmits it via the antenna 61.

[0138] The methods described in the embodiments of the above method may be implemented in a baseband device 63, which includes a baseband processor.

[0139] The baseband device 63 may include, for example, at least one baseband board on which multiple chips are installed. As shown in Figure 6, one of these chips is, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to memory 65 via a bus interface, calls a program in memory 65, and performs the network equipment operations shown in the embodiment of the above method.

[0140] This network-side device may further include a network interface 66, which is, for example, a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0141] Specifically, the network-side device 600 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes instructions or programs stored in memory 65 and operable on processor 64. The processor 64 can call instructions or programs in memory 65 and perform the same actions as those performed by each module shown in Figure 3, and achieve the same technical effects, which will not be described further here to avoid repetition.

[0142] Embodiments of this application further provide a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium stores a program or instruction, and when this program or instruction is executed by a processor, each process of the embodiment of the encoding method described above can be realized and the same technical effects can be achieved. To avoid repetition of the description, this will not be described further here.

[0143] Here, the processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory ROM, random access memory RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0144] Embodiments of this application further provide a chip comprising a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface being coupled with the processor, the processor being used to run a program or instructions, and capable of realizing each process of the embodiment of the encoding method and achieving the same technical effects, which are not described further here in order to avoid repetition of the description.

[0145] It should be understood that the chips referred to in the embodiments of this application may also be called system-level chips, system chips, chip systems, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0146] Embodiments of this application further provide a computer program product which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to realize each process of the embodiment of the encoding method described above and achieve the same technical effects, which will not be described further here in order to avoid repetition of the description.

[0147] Embodiments of this application further provide communication equipment configured to perform each process of the above-described embodiment of the encoding method and to achieve the same technical effects, which are not described further here in order to avoid repetition of the description.

[0148] It should be noted that, in this specification, the terms “include,” “incorporate,” or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive “include,” thereby including not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements specific to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element limited by the phrase “includes one of…” is not excluded from the existence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus containing that element. It should also be noted that the scope of methods and apparatus in embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order illustrated or discussed, but may include performing functions in a manner that is essentially simultaneous or in reverse order based on the functions involved, and methods described in a different procedure than those described, for example, may be performed, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described by reference to some examples may be combined with other examples.

[0149] As will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description of the embodiments, the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented in the form of software and a necessary general-purpose hardware platform. Of course, they may also be implemented in hardware, but in many cases the former is a more preferred embodiment. With this understanding in mind, the parts of the invention that substantially contribute to or to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a computer software product, which is stored on a single storage medium (e.g., ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and contains some instructions for causing a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to perform the methods of each embodiment of this invention.

[0150] The above describes embodiments of this application, accompanied by drawings; however, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can, by the suggestion of this application, make many forms, as long as they do not deviate from the spirit and claims of this application, and all of these fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An encoding method, The coding terminal encodes the input symbol of the current symbol period by the differential spatiotemporal block coding scheme (DSTBC), the new spatiotemporal block coding codebook (NSTBC), the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol periods and the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna for the two symbol periods prior to the current symbol period, thereby obtaining the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period. The coding terminal includes determining the transmit symbol for the next symbol period of the current symbol period based on the transmit symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period. The codebook structure of the aforementioned NSTBC codebook satisfies the following: [Math 1] 、 Here, s ２ｔ＋１ and s ＊ ２ｔ＋２ are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding at the (2t + 1)-th symbol period by the encoding end, and s ２ｔ＋２ and -s ＊ ２ｔ＋１ are the transmission symbols on two transmission antennas obtained by encoding at the (2t + 2)-th symbol period by the encoding end. The symbol s ＊ ２ｔ＋２ is the conjugate of the symbol s ２ｔ＋２ and the symbol -s ＊ ２ｔ＋１ is the negative conjugate of the symbol s ２ｔ＋１ The (2t + 1)-th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the (2t + 2)-th symbol period is the next symbol period of the current symbol period. The encoding terminal obtains the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period by encoding the input symbol for the current symbol period using the DSTBC encoding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol periods and the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna for the two symbol periods prior to the current symbol period. The coding terminal determines the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period based on the input symbol, and there is a mapping relationship between the input symbol and the coding coefficient vector after the initial reference symbol has been determined. An encoding method comprising the encoding terminal determining the encoded transmit symbol for the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, the transmit symbols on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol periods, and the transmit symbols on the transmitting antenna for the two symbol periods prior to the current symbol period.

2. The coding terminal determines the coded transmit symbol for the current symbol period based on the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, the transmit symbol on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol periods, and the power sum of the transmit symbol on the transmitting antenna for the two symbol periods prior to the current symbol period, The coding terminal is determined according to the following formula: [Math 2] The coding end determines the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by coding with the 2t+1th symbol period, (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B (D ２ｔ＋１ )) is the coding coefficient vector of the 2t+1th symbol period determined by the coding terminal, and the s ２ｔ－１ and the aforementioned s ＊ ２ｔ The encoding terminal is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding with the 2t-1 symbol period, and the s ２ｔ and the aforementioned -s ＊ ２ｔ－１ This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal at the 2t-th symbol period, and the |s ２ｔ－１ | ２ + | s ２ｔ | ２ The coding method according to claim 1, wherein is the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas within the 2t-1 symbol period.

3. The coding terminal determines the coded transmit symbol for the current symbol period based on the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, the transmit symbol on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol periods, and the power sum of the transmit symbol on the transmitting antenna for the two symbol periods prior to the current symbol period, The coding terminal is determined according to the following formula: [Math 3] The coding end determines the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by coding with the 2t+1th symbol period, (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B (D ２ｔ＋１ )) is the coding coefficient vector of the 2t+1th symbol period determined by the coding terminal, and the s ２ｔ－１ and the aforementioned s ＊ ２ｔ The encoding terminal is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding with the 2t-1 symbol period, and the s ２ｔ and the aforementioned -s ＊ ２ｔ－１ These are the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal at the 2t-th symbol period, and [Math 4] The coding method according to claim 1, wherein is the square root of the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas within the 2t-1 symbol period.

4. The encoding terminal obtains the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period by encoding the input symbol for the current symbol period using the DSTBC encoding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol periods and the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna for the two symbol periods prior to the current symbol period. The coding terminal determines the coding coefficient vector at the current symbol period of the coding terminal based on a pre-configured mapping table between input bits and coding coefficient vectors, The aforementioned pre-configured mapping table includes the mapping relationship between the input bits and the coding coefficient vector after the initial reference symbol determination, The coding method according to claim 1, wherein the coding terminal determines the coded transmit symbol for the current symbol period based on the coding coefficient vector for the current symbol period, the transmit symbols on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol periods, and the power sum of the transmit symbols on the transmitting antenna for the two symbol periods prior to the current symbol period.

5. The transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the aforementioned encoding terminal with the first symbol period are (s １ ,s ＊ ２ ) and the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the second symbol period are (s ２ , -s ＊ １ ) and the above (s １ ,s ＊ ２ ) and the above (s ２ , -s ＊ １ ) must meet the following NSTBC codebook requirements, [Math 5] The above (s １ ,s ＊ ２ The encoding method according to claim 1, wherein ) is the initial reference symbol to be determined.

6. The encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein there is a mapping relationship between the input bits of the current symbol period and the amplitude of the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period.

7. The coding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block coding, or the NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block coding.

8. The aforementioned transmission symbol is a constant modulus modulation symbol or a non-constant modulus modulation symbol. The constant modulus modulation includes at least two-phase-shift keying BPSK modulation, The encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the non-deterministic modulus modulation includes at least amplitude-shift keying APSK modulation.

9. An encoding device, The coding terminal includes a differential coding module for obtaining the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period by coding the input symbol of the current symbol period using the differential spatiotemporal block coding scheme DSTBC coding method, the new spatiotemporal block coding NSTBC codebook, the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol periods and the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna for the two symbol periods prior to the current symbol period, and The coding terminal includes an NSTBC coding module for determining the transmit symbol for the next symbol period of the current symbol period based on the transmit symbol for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period. The codebook structure of the aforementioned NSTBC codebook satisfies the following: [Math 6] 、 s ２ｔ＋１ and s ＊ ２ｔ＋２ s are the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t+1th symbol period, ２ｔ＋２と -s ＊ ２ｔ＋１ This is the transmitted symbol on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding the encoding terminal with the 2t+2th symbol period, and the symbol s ＊ ２ｔ＋２ is, symbol s ２ｔ＋２ It is the conjugate of and the symbol -s ＊ ２ｔ＋１ is, symbol s ２ｔ＋１ It is the negative conjugate of, and the 2t+1th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the 2t+2nd symbol period is the symbol period following the current symbol period. The differential coding module is configured such that the coding terminal determines the coding coefficient vector for the current symbol period based on the input symbol, and determines the coded transmit symbol for the current symbol period based on the power sum of the coding coefficient vector for the current symbol period, the transmit symbols on the transmitting antenna for the first two symbol periods, and the transmit symbols on the transmitting antenna for the two symbol periods prior to the current symbol period. An encoding device in which there is a mapping relationship between the input symbol and the encoding coefficient vector after the determination of the initial reference symbol.

10. A computer program that, when executed by a processor, realizes the steps of the encoding method described in Claim 1.

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