Flame-retardant chemical composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of chemical compositions and flame retardants. Specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for imparting flame retardancy, comprising an organic salt as a flame retardant compound, a surfactant, and a binder. The present invention also relates to a method for making the composition and a method for imparting flame retardancy to a substrate by applying the composition to the substrate. The present invention also relates to uses of the composition, such as for imparting flame retardancy to a substrate. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to products comprising the composition.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical compositions and flame retardants. Specifically, this invention relates to compositions for imparting flame retardancy, comprising an organic salt as a flame retardant compound, a surfactant, and a binder. Furthermore, this invention relates to a method for producing the compositions and a method for imparting flame retardancy to a substrate by applying the compositions to the substrate. In addition, this invention relates to the use of the compositions, such as for imparting flame retardancy to a substrate. [Background technology]

[0002] Regulatory and safety requirements necessitate treating many materials with flame retardants to mitigate the risk of fire and at least slow the spread of fire that could cause catastrophic damage. Some treatments can alter the thermal decomposition of combustible materials, reducing the generation of both flammable and toxic gases.

[0003] Typically, potentially flammable materials used in construction, such as beams and partitions (both interior and exterior, as well as materials for other structures), may be treated with flame-retardant compositions to improve their properties. Examples of treated materials include, but are not limited to, wood, fabrics, and plastics.

[0004] In the early 19th century, Gay-Lussac proposed the use of a composition combining borax with ammonium phosphate and ammonium chloride to improve fire resistance in French theaters, and since then, many different types of flame-retardant chemical compositions have been used. While many different flame-retardant compositions have been developed, most of these have suffered from various disadvantages, primarily related to environmental or health issues, or in some cases, cost.

[0005] Phosphate-based chemical compositions are still widely used today for both firefighting and flame retardancy. Examples of these compositions include inorganic phosphates such as red phosphorus and ammonium phosphate, organic phosphates and phosphonates such as guanidine phosphate and resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphonate), and inorganic phosphonates. While phosphates and phosphonates are excellent firefighting chemicals, they often need to be used in relatively large quantities, and some reports indicate that their usefulness is limited by toxicity. Flame retardants based on phosphates or phosphates alone also cause deterioration of wood treated with these compounds, possibly due to a decrease in the wood's pH.

[0006] Halogenated, and primarily brominated, organic compounds have an inhibitory effect on combustion reactions and are widely used as flame retardants because they reduce the flammability of products and materials treated with them. Brominated compounds, in particular, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers, have proven highly effective in many applications, including electronic equipment, textiles, and furniture. However, increasing evidence of the persistent effects, bioaccumulation, and toxicity to both humans and animals associated with the use of halogenated flame retardants, including neurobehavioral effects and endocrine disorders, has led to their discontinuation and widespread bans.

[0007] Boron compounds can be applied to a wide range of materials, including wood and textiles, and are widely used as flame-retardant compositions. Compounds used include boric acid, borax, various oxides of boron, and mixtures thereof. However, some boron compounds, including boric acid, have been reported to be carcinogenic and potentially toxic, especially if ingested internally or inhaled in large quantities or over a long period. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) also includes boric acid and others on its list of substances of very high concern.

[0008] In addition to the compounds mentioned above, there are several less widely used flame-retardant compounds and compositions. One example is crosslinked polymers with inherent flame retardancy. These polymers combine excellent fire resistance with the property of not producing additional toxic gases during combustion. In some cases, the inherent fire resistance can be enhanced by modifying the polymer to increase its rigidity, changing the monomers used, or increasing the hydrogen bonds between polymers. However, polymers are difficult and expensive to manufacture, which limits their usefulness as industrial-scale flame retardants.

[0009] Furthermore, flame-retardant compounds can also be formed using several iron(III) salts. One example of these is iron(III) phosphate, also known as iron orthophosphate. The main drawbacks of using these iron salts are that they generally require a low pH of about 2 to dissolve completely in water and often cause a slight reddish discoloration in the treated material. As an example of a flame-retardant composition, EP1984437 B1 discloses a flame-retardant chemical composition comprising a citrate ion source, a benzoate ion source, and ammonium phosphate, which can be used to treat a suitable material to impart flame retardancy. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0010] According to the present invention, it has been found that by combining an organic salt-based flame retardant with a special binder and surfactant, a composition can be obtained that can be used to treat porous materials and impart excellent flame retardancy to them. The present invention provides a flame-retardant chemical composition for treating flammable and combustible materials that is environmentally friendly before application to a substrate, does not emit toxic or harmful fumes after drying, and can efficiently slow the progression of a fire. Thus, the composition of the present invention solves the aforementioned problems of the prior art. The composition of the present invention does not contain carcinogenic substances. This means that, in addition to imparting excellent flame retardancy to materials, it is also safe for all types of use, including finishing or decoration in confined spaces. The treated material does not release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or other harmful chemicals, and is therefore environmentally superior compared to conventional compositions and methods for treating materials.

[0011] An advantage of the present invention is that the flame-retardant composition can be manufactured easily and cost-effectively, even on an industrial scale. A further advantage of the present invention is that the treated substrate is given flame retardancy, as well as better resistance to water and longer-lasting flame retardancy. Furthermore, an advantage of the present invention is that the composition is better absorbed by the treated substrate, and therefore, improved flame retardancy of the treated substrate is obtained.

[0012] This invention enables the production of finished and cured products that are flame-retardant and free from trace amounts of (volatile) organic solvents and toxic compounds such as formaldehyde. The present invention relates to a composition for imparting flame retardancy, the composition comprising an organic salt as a flame retardant compound, a surfactant compound for enhancing the absorption of the composition in a substrate, and a binder. The composition may further include additives such as radical-generating flame retardants, phosphorus-based flame retardants, water-binding compounds, pigments, compounds having antimicrobial and / or antifungal activity, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, inorganic salts, or any combination thereof.

[0013] The present invention also relates to a method for producing the compositions of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for imparting flame retardancy to a material, which includes applying the composition of the present invention to the material.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of the composition of the present invention for imparting flame retardancy to a material. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a product comprising the composition of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] The objective of the present invention was to develop a flame-retardant chemical composition that is environmentally friendly, does not cause health concerns, and does not release harmful vapors after being applied to materials, making it safe for use on both exterior and interior surfaces of buildings.

[0016] The fire resistance performance of materials and surface linings is classified according to the European standard EN13501-1, and the test method according to this standard is a single combustion item test according to EN13823. Based on the results of this test, materials are classified into seven classes according to the Euroclass system, with Class A materials being non-combustible or limitedly combustible, and combustibility increasing sequentially from Class B to F. Inherently combustible materials such as wood and fabric generally cannot achieve a rating higher than B, i.e., a rating of A. Another classification of materials is the evaluation of smoke generation and combustion droplet formation in the same test. Class s-1 indicates the least amount of smoke generation, while Classes s-2 and s-3 indicate progressively larger amounts of smoke generation. Similarly, d0 indicates no combustion droplet formation, while dl and d2 indicate larger amounts of formation.

[0017] Indoor air quality is monitored in several different ways, and there are several standards for classifying indoor air quality and building products according to their impact on indoor air quality. Compounds and compound groups analyzed typically include VOCs, formaldehyde, and ammonia, and are analyzed in addition to olfactory analysis for carcinogenic and toxic compounds, as well as odors. ISO standard 16000 defines various methods for indoor air sampling and analysis. Additional standard tests have also been developed, for example, by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH Standard Method v1.1). Furthermore, the Finnish Building Information Foundation (RTS sr) permits emission classification of building materials based on material testing after 28 days. According to this standard, products in classification M1 have the lowest emission levels, while classifications M2 and M3 have higher emission levels than M1.

[0018] The above standard requirements and standardized test procedures can be found through the respective standardization bodies. As used herein, the terms “material” and “substrate” refer to any material that can be treated with the compositions of the present invention and thus have their fire resistance and flame resistance improved. A list of such materials includes, but is not limited to, solid materials such as wood, fibers, thermal insulation, plastics, polymers, paper, cardboard, and any combination thereof.

[0019] As used herein, the term “flame retardant” refers to a compound or composition used to slow or stop the spread of fire, or to reduce its intensity. These compounds have the function of reducing the flammability of a fuel or slowing its combustion. The term “flame retardant” is used as a synonym. As used herein, the term “fuel” means any material that can react with other substances in such a way that it releases chemical energy as heat or is used as work, i.e., any material that burns or burns in or exposed to fire.

[0020] As used herein, “organic salt” refers to a salt formed from an acid and a base, wherein at least one of the components is organic. Organic salts can be formed, for example, from an organic acid and an organic base, an organic acid and an inorganic base, or an inorganic acid and an organic base. As used herein, “organic acid” refers to a carboxylic acid or other acidic organic compound. Examples of organic acids include aspartic acid (CAS No. 56-84-8), 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (CAS No. 1703-58-8), citric acid (CAS No. 77-92-9) and citric acid monohydrate (CAS No. 5949-29-1), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CAS No. 60-00-4), gluconic acid, poly(acrylic acid) (CAS No. 9003-01-4), poly(methacrylic acid) (CAS No. 25087-26-7), and poly(aspartic acid) (CAS No. 5949-29-1). Examples of polycarboxylate salts such as poly(glutamic acid) (CAS No. 25608-40-6), poly(glutamic acid) (CAS No. 25736-27-0); poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acylate-co-methacrylic acid), poly(butyl acrylate-comethacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate-co-styrene), oxalic acid (CAS No. 6153-56-6), tartaric acid (CAS No. 133-37-9), and / or any combination thereof may be listed, but are not limited thereto. As used herein, “organic acid” includes compounds in anhydrous form as well as any hydrate.

[0021] The organic salts according to the present invention can be formed by partially or completely neutralizing the organic acid group with widely used neutralizing agents such as ammonia, amines, preferred alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal carbonates or alkali metal bicarbonates, and any mixtures thereof. Potassium and sodium are particularly preferred among alkali metals, with potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate, and any mixtures thereof being most preferred. Typically, neutralization is achieved by mixing the neutralizing agent as an aqueous solution with the acid to form the organic salt. In some cases, the neutralizing agent can be used in excess of the acid group. In many cases, sodium, ammonium, and potassium salts of organic acids are generally very soluble in water.

[0022] Alternatively, organic salts can be produced by reacting organic acids with reactive metals such as magnesium, zinc, and bismuth. As used herein, all percentages refer to the mass percentage of the total composition. 、 In other words, unless otherwise specified, the total mass (m) of the composition tot ) relative to the mass (m i The mass ratio (w) when the denominator is 100 i )(that is, (m i / m tot ) × 100) represents parts per million (ppm), and similarly, ppm (parts per million) refers to the ratio to the total mass of the composition unless otherwise specified. The composition of the present invention comprises an organic salt as a flame retardant compound, a surfactant, and a binder, thereby imparting flame retardant properties to the substrate.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the organic salt is selected from the group consisting of potassium, zinc, magnesium, or bismuth salts of organic acids, and any combination thereof. The organic salt may be present in the composition in any amount, as long as the composition has a flame-retardant effect. Examples of other organic salts that can be used in the flame - retardant composition according to the present invention include zinc citrate (CAS number: 546 - 46 - 3), magnesium citrate (CAS number: 144 - 23 - 0), poly(sodium methacrylate salt), potassium aspartate salt, potassium tartrate salt, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and tripotassium salt dihydrate (CAS number: 65501 - 24 - 8), but are not limited thereto.

[0024] In certain specific embodiments of the present invention, the organic salt is selected from the group consisting of inorganic or organic salts of citric acid. In certain specific embodiments, the content of the organic salt, such as potassium citrate, in the composition is at least 10% (e.g., 10 to 70%), preferably at least 15%, and most preferably 19 to 23%. As used herein and hereinafter, the term "surfactant" means any compound that has the ability to lower the surface tension when dissolved or dispersed in water or a water - based solution or dispersion and / or lower the interfacial tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. "Surfactants" include, but are not limited to, detergents, wetting agents, and emulsifying agents.

[0025] In one embodiment, the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ionic surfactants and non - ionic surfactants. Generally, a surfactant is a compound containing both a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group. The hydrophilic group can be either ionic (e.g., - SO4 - , - SO3 - , - COO - , and - N(CH3)3 + ) or non - ionic (e.g., - O - (CH2 - CH2 - O) n - H). The surfactant may also be a zwitterionic surfactant. That is, the surfactant has a cationic group (e.g., - N(CH3)3 + ) and an anionic group (e.g., - SO3 -) may also contain both. The most common hydrophobic groups are linear or branched hydrocarbon chains containing saturated, unsaturated, and / or aromatic moieties. In some cases, the hydrocarbon groups of surfactants may contain one or more heteroatoms. Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include: Alpha-olefin sulfonates, polyether-modified polysiloxanes, ethoxylated sorbitan, alkanoates, alkyl glucosides, fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty amide ethoxylates, octylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol), octaethylene glycol monododecyl ethers, brand names such as Clariant (Emulsogen RAL 100, RAL 109, RAL 208, RAL 307, R100 R 109, R208, R307), Croda (Maxemul 5010, 5011), GEO SC (Bsymmetric EP100DMA, EP150DMA, PEM63P HP), Ethox (E-Sperse RS-1616, RS-1617, RX-201), Aerosol (Solvay), BASF (Lutensol) Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants (AT type), polymerizable surfactants such as the Hitenol AR series and Noigen series (Montello), or any mixture thereof, are available, but are not limited to these examples. Examples of ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium stearate. The surfactant may also be in solution form. The surfactant may be present in any amount in the composition, as long as the composition of the present invention has a flame-retardant effect. In certain embodiments, the surfactant, such as a nonionic surfactant, is contained in the composition in an amount of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, and most preferably 0.5 to 2%.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the surfactant is a polymeric surfactant. Examples of polymeric surfactants include, but are not limited to, EO / PO (ethylene oxide / propylene oxide) block copolymers, methacrylic copolymers, polyhydroxystearate derivatives, and alkyd PEG resin derivatives. In one embodiment of the present invention, the surfactant is selected from the group including low-foaming surfactants. By reducing the foaming of the surfactant by a ratio of 5:1, the absorption of the flame-retardant composition is improved by 17%. By improving the absorption of the flame-retardant composition, it becomes possible to achieve the same flame-retardant efficiency with less treatment of the substrate and deeper absorption of the composition into the substrate.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition comprising an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder is used to impart flame retardancy to the substrate or material. When a surfactant is used, the flame-retardant composition is absorbed into the material being treated, rather than forming a film on the material's surface. It should be understood that the flame-retardant composition may be completely absorbed into the material, or that a portion of the flame-retardant composition may be absorbed into the material and a portion of the composition may remain on the surface of the material. It should also be understood that the composition may only exist on the surface of the material. The use of surfactants further improves the flame retardancy of the composition. As an additional benefit, the use of surfactants in flame-retardant compositions containing organic salts also helps dissolve the salts in aqueous solvents, as well as preventing aggregation, creaming, or sedimentation when the salts are added to the solution.

[0028] Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, which is a composition comprising an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the organic salt can be mixed with the binder without flocculation, creaming, or sedimentation. In one embodiment of the present invention, the flame-retardant composition includes a binder to improve the adhesion of the composition to a substrate and to improve the weather resistance of the finished surface. The binder may be an environmentally friendly (e.g., free from additional solvents, formaldehyde, or ammonia) aqueous dispersion of an acrylic copolymer, or a mixture thereof. The binder is included in the composition in an amount of, for example, 3 to 20%, preferably 5 to 10%.

[0029] In this specification, “coating” and “covering” mean a cover present on the surface of a substrate or material. While a cover is typically on the surface of a substrate or material, it may also be present within the substrate or material. The function of the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. Examples of decorative coatings include, but are not limited to, paints and lacquers. Examples of functional coatings include, but are not limited to, coatings that impart flame retardancy, and coatings that alter the surface properties of a substrate, such as adhesion, wettability, corrosion resistance, or abrasion resistance. Binders may be present in the coating itself and / or in conjunction with additional components. It should be understood that the coating may contain the composition of the present invention, or the coating may contain additional or other components other than the composition of the present invention. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can form a coating on a material and / or be absorbed into the material.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the binder comprises a polymer consisting of one or more acrylate monomers. The polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Examples of acrylate monomers include, but are not limited to, n-butyl acrylate (BA), ethyl acrylate, methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate, or any derivative thereof. Alternatively, the binder may further comprise one or more commercially available binder polymers. Examples of commercially available binders include Zeffle SE 310 (Daikin Chemical Europe GmbH), Zeffle SE 405 (Daikin Chemical Europe GmbH), Zeffle SE 700 (Daikin Chemical Europe GmbH), Synexil SAB (Synthos SA), Synexil DGP (Synthos SA), Aquamac® 477 (Polynt Composites), Acronal® 4848 (BASF Dispersions & Resin), Acronal® ECO6270 (BASF Dispersions & Resin), Acronal® 4111 (BASF Dispersions & Resin), WorleeCryl® 8273 (Worlee-Chemie GmbH), Revaciyl AE 3723 (Synthomer), Aquamac® 477 (Polynt Composites), and Akuabrid HM. This includes, but is not limited to, 2124 (T&L Co., Ltd. Polymer Technology Centre), CHP 559 (CH-polymers), CHP 550 (CH-Polymers), and CHP 570 (CH-polymers). In certain embodiments of the present invention, the binder comprises a polymer containing one or more acrylate monomers independently selected from the group consisting of n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate (MMA), lauryl acrylate, ethyl phenylacrylate, tripropylene glycol disylate, hexanediol diacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the binder comprises a copolymer consisting of two or more monomers independently selected from the group consisting of acrylate, styrene, and vinyl acetate. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the binder comprises a copolymer consisting of two or more monomers independently selected from the group consisting of n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, and styrene. In one embodiment of the present invention, the binder comprises a copolymer of silylated, phosphated, and / or fluorinated monomers. In one embodiment of the present invention, the binder comprises a copolymer consisting of n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, styrene, and two or more monomers independently selected from the group consisting of silylated, phosphated, and / or fluorinated monomers.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the binder is an aqueous acrylate emulsion, preferably having a minimum film-forming temperature lower than room temperature. In non-limiting examples, the binder may be an acrylic polymer prepared from a mixture of monomers of n-butyl acrylate (BA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), preferably using sodium dodecyl sulfate and / or polyethylene glycol monononylphenyl ether as a surfactant, and potassium persulfate as a seed emulsion polymerization initiator. For weather-resistant compositions, preferred binders include copolymers formed from monomer mixtures containing BA and MMA, as well as functional monomers including silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, nitrogen derivatives, and / or radical generators, or combinations thereof.

[0033] Apart from the one-step procedure as a classical emulsion process (also called homogeneous dispersion), dispersions can be generated by a bidirectional process (also called heterogeneous dispersion or core-shell dispersion). Furthermore, crosslinking reactions can be carried out during emulsion polymerization or during the drying of the coating film. Typically, bifunctional or trifunctional monomers are polymerized to crosslink polymer particles (interparticle crosslinking) during the manufacturing process. Alternatively, the functional groups (such as carboxyl groups) of the acrylate dispersion can be crosslinked during the film formation process by adding polyvalent metal ions. Crosslinking improves the non-stick (blocking resistance) of wood coating films. Emulsion polymerization can be carried out in batch, semi-batch, or continuous reactor systems using conventional mini, micro, or reverse emulsion polymerization techniques.

[0034] In this specification, “derivative” refers to a compound or a radical of a compound. The radical of a compound may be covalently bonded to a monomer forming a polymer. In this specification, “monomer” refers to a repeating unit of a polymer. Examples of fluorine derivatives include, but are not limited to, fluorides and trifluoromethyl. It should also be understood that silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, and / or nitrogen derivatives may be chemical compounds containing silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, and / or nitrogen, and may be present in mixtures containing monomers. Examples of functional monomers containing silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, nitrogen derivatives, and radical generators include, but are not limited to, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, phosphate esters of polypropylene glycol monomethacrylate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)-4-piperidyl methacrylate, N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide, and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide, fluoride, trifluoromethyl, ammonium sulfate, and disodium hydrogen phosphate.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for imparting flame retardancy comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder comprising a polymer composition formed from one or more acrylates, one or more monomers including silicon, phosphorus, and / or fluorine, one or more nitrogen derivatives, and / or one or more radical generators. In one particular embodiment of the present invention, a composition for providing flame retardancy comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder comprising a polymer composition formed from one or more functional monomers including acrylate, styrene, silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, and / or nitrogen derivatives, and / or one or more radical generators. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder comprising polymers of BA and MMA together with silylated, phosphated, and / or fluorinated monomers. In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for imparting flame retardancy comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder providing a water contact angle of 51° or more to the coating. The present applicant has found that a composition for providing flame retardancy, comprising one or more binders containing polymers made of silicon monomers, enhances the water resistance of wood coatings. The amount of silicon monomer is preferably sufficiently large so that the water contact angle is 51° or greater, preferably 70-150°. A composition of the present invention comprising a polymer containing phosphate monomers improves flame retardancy and adhesion properties, as well as the dispersion of optionally incorporated pigments in the composition. Furthermore, a composition of the present invention comprising a polymer containing fluorinated monomers enhances the hydrophobicity (i.e., water resistance) of the substrate, and particularly enhances flame retardancy.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises a salt of an organic acid, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder being selected from commercially available binders. In one particular embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition comprises a salt of an organic acid, preferably potassium citrate, a surfactant, preferably Lutensol AT18, and a binder. The binder preferably comprises Acronal ECO 6270, Synexil SAB, Synexil DGP, or a polymer of CHP-559, Zeffle SE 310, Zeffle SE 405, or Zeffle SE 700. In one very specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition comprises a salt of an organic acid, preferably potassium citrate, a surfactant, preferably Lutensol AT18, and a binder, preferably a polymer of Acronal ECO 6270, and one or more additives, preferably silver nitrate and / or sulfenamide additives.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition comprises a salt of an organic acid, a surfactant, a commercially available binder, and further a sulfenamide, an alkoxyamine, calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, Aflammit 978 (thor), and / or Aflammit 926 (thor). In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition for imparting flame retardancy comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, and at least a portion of the composition is included in a coating of a substrate, the coating imparts flame retardancy and improves the weather resistance of the substrate. In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the composition for providing flame retardancy comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder comprising a polymer of silylated and / or fluorinated monomers, preferably providing a water contact angle in the coating that is higher than 51° and preferably between 70 and 150°.

[0038] In other specific embodiments of the present invention, the composition for providing flame retardancy comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder comprising a copolymer of BA and MMA together with a functional monomer containing silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, and / or nitrogen derivatives, or a radical generator, or a combination thereof, preferably giving the coating a water contact angle of 51° or more, more preferably between 70° and 150°. In yet another specific embodiment of the present invention, the composition for imparting flame retardancy comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder comprising a polymer of acrylate monomers, and preferably the binder forms a translucent coating at a film-forming temperature of less than 20°C. In yet another specific embodiment of the present invention, the composition for imparting flame retardancy comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder comprising a polymer of acrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate monomer, or an aqueous alkyd resin emulsion, and preferably forms an opaque or translucent coating at a film-forming temperature of less than 20°C.

[0039] Typically, the binder composition includes a polymer of BA and MMA (molar ratio 1:1) and 1-10% of functional monomers, including silicon, phosphorus, fluorine and / or radical-generating derivatives, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for imparting flame retardancy comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, the binder further comprising a phosphorus compound. In some cases, in the present invention, the compounds or radical-generating compounds containing silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, and / or nitrogen are either polymerizable or nonpolymerizable, and one or more of these compounds are then mixed with an aqueous acrylate-based binder. In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition comprising an organic salt, a suitable surfactant for enhancing the absorption of the organic salt into the substrate or material, and a binder is used to impart flame retardancy to the substrate or material. In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the composition for providing flame retardancy does not contain ammonium phosphate and / or boric acid.

[0040] Methods for preparing flame-retardant compositions and methods for processing suitable materials (e.g., porous materials) are described herein. One method for preparing a composition includes adding an organic acid to an aqueous solution of an inorganic or organic base, and then adding a binder and a surfactant to the resulting mixture to form a flame-retardant composition. This method optionally includes mixing an organic acid with an aqueous solution of an organic or inorganic base to produce a flame-retardant composition. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition is prepared by adding citric acid to an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt containing magnesium, potassium, zinc, bismuth, or a mixture thereof, and then adding a binder and a surfactant to the resulting mixture to form a flame-retardant composition. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the flame-retardant composition is prepared by adding citric acid to an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate, and then adding a binder and a surfactant to the resulting mixture to form a flame-retardant composition.

[0041] In one embodiment, a surfactant is added to a mixture containing an organic salt and a binder to form a flame-retardant composition. In one embodiment, a binder is added to a mixture containing an organic salt and a surfactant to form a flame-retardant composition. In one embodiment, a mixture of a surfactant and a binder is added to a mixture containing an organic salt to form a flame-retardant composition. Alternatively, methods for preparing the composition may include combining or mixing an organic salt (e.g., potassium citrate), a surfactant, and a binder.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition comprising a binder, an organic salt, and a surfactant can be further modified by optionally mixing in other additives such as flame retardants (e.g., sulfenamides and phosphorus-based flame retardants), radical generators, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, or other inorganic or organic additives. For example, fluorinated copolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), its copolymers, or silicone polymers can be mixed with a binder comprising a polymer prepared from acrylates to further enhance water repellency, durability, and flame retardancy. In another embodiment of the present invention, various radical generators, such as sulfenamides, alkoxyamines, or phosphorus-based flame retardants that interfere with the fire reaction of wood, are added to a composition comprising a binder, an organic salt, and a surfactant, or to a combination of a first composition formed by mixing one or more components of the binder, organic salt, and surfactant, and a second composition formed by subsequently adding the remaining one or more components to the first composition.

[0043] Other additives may also be optionally added to compositions containing organic salts, surfactants, and binders to further improve the properties of the composition and its suitability for its intended use. These additives include, but are not limited to, water-binding compounds, compounds having antimicrobial and / or antifungal activity, pigments, UV stabilizers, radical generators, and / or any combination thereof. Further improved properties may include, but are not limited to, improved weather resistance of the treated surface, improved resistance to mechanical abrasion of the treated surface, and / or improved flame retardancy. If necessary, other compounds can be added to the composition to modify one or more properties in a direction more suitable for the desired application. Some examples of additives that can be used are listed below.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, an antimicrobial or antifungal compound can be added to the composition to extend the shelf life of the product and prevent the formation of mold or fungi on the treated surface. The addition of this compound may also provide preservative properties. The compound can be added to the composition by any conventional method known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition comprising an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder further comprises a compound having antimicrobial and / or antifungal activity. Compounds suitable for this application can be selected from the group consisting of nitrates (preferably silver nitrate), nitrites (preferably sodium nitrite), benzoates (preferably sodium benzoate), sulfites (preferably sulfur dioxide), CaCO3, triclosan, triclocarban, tetracycline, beta-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethanol, isopropanol, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and fluconazole, as well as any combination or mixture thereof. The antibacterial and / or antifungal compound is included in the composition in an amount, for example, less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 10 ppm, and most preferably 0.5 to 2 ppm.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition comprising an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder further comprises a water-binding compound, such as a hygroscopic component. The compound can be added to the composition by any conventional method known to those skilled in the art. The function of this water-binding compound is to retain a small amount of moisture in the material treated with the composition, thereby further improving the flame retardancy of the material after treatment. In one embodiment of the present invention, the water-binding compound (e.g., a hygroscopic additive) is selected from the group consisting of any urea compound, such as urea, thiourea, guanylurea phosphate, or any mixture thereof. The water-binding compound may be included in the composition in an amount of, for example, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, and most preferably 1 to 3%.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition comprising an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder further comprises a flame retardant radical generator and / or a phosphorus-based flame retardant that can reduce the amount of free radicals formed in the gas phase or can alter the thermal decomposition or carbonization in the condensed phase. The flame retardant radical generator and the phosphorus-based flame retardant can be added to the composition by utilizing any conventional method known to those skilled in the art. The function of the radical generator is to suppress the formation of free radicals that are essential for the propagation of chemical reactions that occur during the combustion of fuel or that act in the condensed phase. In one embodiment of the present invention, a radical generator that further significantly improves flame retardancy is selected from the group of radical generators such as 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane (DMDPA), 3,4-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylhexane, 4,5-dimethyl-4,5-diphenyloctane, peroxides such as dicumyl peroxide and bis(1-methyl-l-phenylethyl) peroxide, 1,4-diisopropylbenzene (polycumyl), Flame Stab NOR116, ADK LA-81, sulfenamides, azoalkanes, oxyimides, disulfides, silylamines, phosphorus-based flame retardants, derivatives thereof, and alkoxyamines (NORs) such as mixtures thereof. Examples of phosphorus-based flame retardants include, but are not limited to, phosphine oxides, phosphates, phosphorus-functionalized acrylates (such as Sipomer PAM-200, Aflammit 978, and Aflammit 926), PCO 900, PCO 960, aluminum diethyl phosphate (AlPi), bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), and ammonium polyphosphates.

[0047] It is important to understand that the radical-generating agent derivative may or may not be covalently bonded to the monomer forming the polymer contained in the binder. Therefore, the radical-generating agent derivative may be a monovalent or polyvalent radical or a neutral compound of the radical-generating agent. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the radical generator is a sulfenamide, alkoxyamine, azo compound, oxyimide, disulfide, silylamine, or a derivative or mixture thereof. The radical generator is included in the composition in an amount of, for example, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, and most preferably 0.5-2%. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, a binder, a water-binding compound, and a compound having antimicrobial and / or antifungal activity. In other specific embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, a binder, a water-binding compound, a compound having antimicrobial and / or antifungal activity, and a radical generator.

[0048] In very specific embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises one or more organic salts, preferably potassium citrate and / or magnesium citrate as a flame retardant compound, urea and / or thiourea as a water-binding compound, a binder comprising a polymer of one or more acrylate monomers, silver nitrate as a compound having antimicrobial and / or antifungal activity, and a nonionic surfactant as a compound for enhancing the absorption of the composition into the substrate, preferably a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alpha-olefin sulfonates, polyether-modified polysiloxanes, polyether-modified polysiloxanes, ethoxylated sorbitan alkanoates, alkyl glucosides, fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty amide ethoxylates, or mixtures thereof. The nonionic surfactant is preferably in solution form.

[0049] In other very specific embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises potassium nitrate as a flame retardant compound, a binder comprising a polymer of one or more acrylate monomers, urea and / or thiourea as a water-binding compound, silver nitrate as a compound having antibacterial and / or antifungal activity, a nonionic surfactant as a compound for enhancing the absorption of the composition into the substrate, preferably a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alpha-olefin sulfonates, polyether-modified polysiloxanes, polyether-modified polysiloxanes, ethoxylated sorbitan alkanoates, alkyl glucosides, fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty amide ethoxylates, or mixtures thereof, and The product contains a radical generator for reducing the amount of free radicals generated during the combustion of a flammable substrate. The nonionic surfactant is preferably in the form of a solution.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising, for example, an organic salt, a nonionic surfactant, and a binder. In a further embodiment, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising at least 10% (e.g., 10 to 40%), preferably at least 15%, most preferably 19 to 23%, of an organic salt, and less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0.5 to 2%, of a nonionic surfactant. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising, for example, an organic salt, a nonionic surfactant, and a binder. In a further embodiment, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising at least 10% (e.g., 10 to 40%), preferably at least 15%, most preferably 19 to 23%, of an organic salt, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0.5 to 2%, of a nonionic surfactant, and less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, most preferably 2.5% to 10%, of a binder.

[0051] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising, for example, an organic salt, a nonionic surfactant, a binder, and an antimicrobial and / or antifungal compound. In further embodiments, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising at least 10% (e.g., 10 to 40%), preferably at least 15%, most preferably 19 to 23% citrate, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0.5 to 2% nonionic surfactant, less than 50%, preferably 2.5 to 10% binder, and less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 10 ppm, most preferably 0.5 to 2 ppm antimicrobial and / or antifungal compound. In very specific embodiments of the present invention, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising, for example, a citrate, a nonionic surfactant, a binder, an antimicrobial and / or antifungal compound, and a water-binding compound. In further embodiments, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising at least 10% (e.g., 10 to 40%), preferably at least 15%, most preferably 19 to 23%, of citrate, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0.5 to 2%, of a nonionic surfactant, less than 30%, preferably 2.5 to 10%, of a binder, less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 10 ppm, most preferably 0.5 to 2 ppm, of an antimicrobial and / or antifungal compound, and less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 1 to 3%, of a water-binding compound.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition further comprises 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, or most preferably 0.5% to 2% of a sulfenamide derivative as a radical generator. In a specific embodiment, non-limiting examples of the sulfenamide derivative include 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)piperidine-4-one, 1-((4-methoxyphenyl)thio)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-one, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-((4-nitrophenyl)thio)piperidine-4-one, 1-(2-nitrophenylthio)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-one, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(4-methyl Phenylthio)piperidine-4-one, 1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylthio)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-one, 1-(2-pyridylthio)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-one, 1,2-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)piperidine-4-ylidene)hydrazine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)-4-piperidyl methacrylate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(((thioxo-λ 4-Sulfanylidene)amino)-thio)piperidine-4-one, trans-2,5-dimethyl-1,4-bis(phenylthio)piperazine, 1-butyl-sulfanyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4'-thiobis-morpholine, 1,1'-thiobis-(2,6-dimethyl)piperidine, 1,1'-thiobis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl)piperidine, N-1,5,9-((4-methoxyphenyl)thio))-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)amine, 1,1-thio Obisphthalimide, 1,1-thiobiscarbazole, 2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)thio]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 9-(phenylthio)-9H-carbazole, 9-[(4-methoxyphenyl)thio]-9H-carbazole, N-2-naphthalenyl-N-phenyl-4-methylbenzenesulfenamide, N-bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-S-phenyl-N-(phenylthio)thio Hydroxylamine, 2,4,6-tris(4-morpholinylthio)-[1,3,5]-triazine, S-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-N,N-diisopropylthiohydroxylamine, S-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-N,N-dicyclohexylthiohydroxylamine, S-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-N-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-ylthio)-N-(tert-butyl)-thiohydroxylamine, benzo[c][1,2,5]thiazole, 3-(piperazine- Examples include 1-yl)benzo[d]isothiazole, 5-nitrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-amine, 3-phenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole-5-amine, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)piperidine-4-yl)-decandioate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)piperidine-4-yl) carbonate, and 1,3-bis(phenylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-one, or any mixture thereof.

[0053] Including radical-generating monomers such as sulfenamides significantly improves overall flame retardancy. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition further comprises 10% or less, 5% or less, or 0.5% to 2% of an alkoxyamine as a radical generator. Non-limiting examples of alkoxyamines in a particular embodiment include Adeka LA-81 (CAS No. 705257-84-7), 1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecyl laaminopiperidine, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) sebacate, and 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino-s-triazine). N, bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)adipate, 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)butyramino]-6-chloro-s-triazine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine, 1-(2-Hydroxy Xy-2-methyl-propoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) sebacate, bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) adipate, 2,4-bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl]-N- Examples include the reaction product of 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine and N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine); and 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino-s-triazine).Some of the aforementioned alkoxyamine compounds are sold commercially under the following names: FLAMESTAB NOR 116 (RTM), T1NUV1N NOR 371 (RTM), and 1RGATEC CR 76 (RTM) from BASF SE; Hostavin NOW (RTM) from Clariant; and ADK Stab LA 81 (RTM) from Adeka.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition further comprises 10% or less, 5% or less, or 0.5% to 2% of an organic sulfur compound. Suitable organic sulfur compounds include, for example, monosulfides, disulfides, oligomeric disulfides, polymeric disulfides, oligos, or polysulfides. Disulfides, oligomeric, and polymeric disulfides are preferred. Disulfides and polymeric disulfides are particularly preferred. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition further comprises 10% or less, 5% or less, or 0.5% to 2% of oxyimide. Non-limiting examples of suitable oxyimides are described in EP2978804B1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition further comprises 10% or less, 5% or less, or 0.5% to 2% of an azo compound. Non-limiting examples of suitable azo compounds are described in W02008101845A1 and EP1668073B1.

[0055] In very specific embodiments of the present invention, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising, for example, a sodium chloride, a nonionic surfactant, a binder, an antimicrobial and / or antifungal compound, a water-binding compound, and a radical generator. In further embodiments, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising at least 10% (e.g., 10 to 40%), preferably at least 15%, most preferably 19 to 23% of an organic salt, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0.5 to 2% of a nonionic surfactant, less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, most preferably 2.5 to 10% of a binder, less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 10 ppm, most preferably 0.5 to 2 ppm of an antimicrobial and / or antifungal compound, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 1 to 3% of a water-binding compound, and less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0.5 to 2% of a radical generator. Depending on the circumstances, the composition of the present invention may contain an aqueous solvent. Suitable aqueous solvents for the present invention include, but are not limited to, water. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition is in the form of an aqueous solution. Alternatively, the composition of the present invention may be in the form of granules or powder. Any known method for preparing granules or powder can be optionally used to prepare the composition of the present invention. Such methods include, but are not limited to, methods for evaporating an aqueous solvent system.

[0056] The flame-retardant composition can also be prepared in a more concentrated form with higher amounts of individual components, but their relative amounts are the same as described above. This concentrate is diluted to the specified concentration at the site of use to form the flame-retardant composition of the present invention. Optionally, once all components have been added and thoroughly mixed, the resulting composition may be heated and / or degassed with air as needed to remove any excess CO2 formed during the process. This heating or degassing is performed, for example, to prevent foaming of the composition.

[0057] Another object of the present invention is to develop a method for adding a pigment to a flame-retardant chemical composition comprising an organic acid salt, a surfactant, and a binder, so that the composition can be used directly for dyeing materials such as wood. This method improves the fire resistance of the finished product as a result of the flame-retardant treatment and eliminates the need to add another color layer or topcoat to the material. In fact, in one embodiment of the present invention, a pigment or a binder or a combination thereof can be further added to the flame-retardant composition of the present disclosure. A combination of pigment and binder can be used to form a colored composition for coloring the material to be treated. The pigment can be any suitable inorganic or organic pigment and can be added to the composition as, for example, a paste, powder, liquid, or solution. Examples of pigments include, but are not limited to, TiO2, iron oxide, carbon black, and bismuth vanadate. Depending on the specific requirements for the finished product, any pigment known to those skilled in the art can be selected. The binder may be included in the composition in an amount of, for example, less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, and most preferably 2.5 to 12%. The amount and type of pigment can be selected from those generally known to those skilled in the art, depending on the desired color. Depending on the circumstances, the binder added to the composition may further contain less than 20%, less than 15%, or about 10% of an ammonium polyphosphate mixture to further improve flame retardancy. The binder may also further contain up to 10% CaCO3.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, the binder added to the flame retardant composition comprises 10% ammonium polyphosphate and 10% CaCO3. In one embodiment of the present invention, the flame retardant composition comprises an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder, and further comprises a pigment. In very specific embodiments of the present invention, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising, for example, an organic salt, a nonionic surfactant, a binder comprising a polymer of one or more acrylate monomers, an antimicrobial and / or antifungal compound, a water-binding compound, an additive for reducing the amount of free radicals formed during the combustion of a flammable substrate, and a pigment.

[0059] In very specific embodiments of the present invention, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising, for example, an organic salt, a nonionic surfactant, an antimicrobial and / or antifungal compound, a water-binding compound, a binder, an additive for reducing the amount of free radicals formed during the combustion of a flammable substrate, and a pigment. In further embodiments, the composition is an aqueous solution comprising at least 10% (e.g., 10 to 40%), preferably at least 15%, most preferably 19 to 23%, of an organic salt, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0.5 to 2%, of a nonionic surfactant, less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 10 ppm, most preferably 0.5 to 2 ppm, of an antimicrobial and / or antifungal compound, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 1 to 3%, of a water-binding compound, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0.5 to 2%, of an additive for reducing the amount of free radicals formed during the combustion of a flammable substrate, 3 to 20%, preferably 5 to 10%, of a binder, and a pigment (in an amount appropriate to achieve the desired color or hue). In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for imparting flame retardancy to a material or substrate includes applying the composition of the present invention to the material or substrate.

[0060] In this specification, “Application of Composition” means that the composition of the present invention may be applied to a material in one step, or, further or alternatively, different components contained in the composition of the present disclosure (including salts of organic acids, binders, and surfactants) may be applied to the material in two or more steps in any order. Therefore, after a material has been formed by applying the composition to the material and processing it, the formed and processed material should be understood to contain the composition of the present disclosure. The application of the composition of the present disclosure to the material may be repeated once or more times, preferably at least 150 g / m². 2 at least 200g / m 2 , or at least 300g / m 2A coating comprising the flame-retardant composition of this disclosure is formed. Furthermore, it should be understood that different components contained in the composition of this disclosure (i.e., at least salts of organic acids, binders, and surfactants) can be applied in any order in two or more steps. The application of the different components contained in the composition to the material is repeated once or more times, preferably at least 150 g / m². 2 at least 200g / m 2 Or at least 300g / m 2 It should also be understood that a coating of the material containing the flame-retardant composition of this disclosure is formed.

[0061] A method for imparting flame retardancy to a material or substrate in one embodiment of the present invention is: i) A step of applying an organic acid salt and a surfactant to the material to form a first treated material, ii) The step of further applying a binder to the formed first processed material to form a second processed material. This is a method of applying the composition of the present disclosure in two steps. A method for imparting flame retardancy to a material or substrate in one embodiment of the present invention is: i) A step of applying an organic acid salt to a material to form a first treated material, and ii) The step of further applying a surfactant and a binder to the formed first processed material to form a second processed material. This is a method of applying the composition of the present disclosure in two steps. A method for imparting flame retardancy to a material in one embodiment of the present invention comprises applying the composition of the present invention to a material or substrate, the material or substrate being selected from the group consisting of wood, fibers, thermal insulation materials, plastics, polymers, paper, cardboard, and any combination thereof.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, a flame retardant composition is applied to a suitable substrate or material to improve its fire resistance and flame retardancy. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a flame retardant composition may be applied to a material on-site (e.g., at a construction site) or during the manufacturing process of the material. The material to be treated may be any suitable porous flammable material used, for example, for construction, furniture, interior decoration, clothing, or other similar applications. The material or substrate may be wood, cotton, thermal insulation, insulating material, plastic, polymer, fiber, paper, cardboard, similar materials, or any combination or mixture thereof. The method for treating the material may be selected from any suitable method used to treat the same or similar material, such as paints, coatings, varnishes, etc.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition is in a form that can be easily applied to a material or surface using methods well known to those skilled in the art. In certain embodiments, the composition of the present invention may be applied, for example, by spraying, pressure treatment, vacuum treatment, dipping, brushing, impregnation, or rolling, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the composition of the present disclosure applied to the material to be processed is at least 150 g / m². 2 Preferably at least 250 g / m² 2 Most preferably at least 350 g / m² 2 This is at least 15 g / m 2 Preferably at least 25 g / m² 2 Most preferably at least 35 g / m 2 This corresponds to the amount of organic salts. In other embodiments of the present invention, the application of a flame-retardant composition to a material or substrate is carried out in two steps. The first treatment step includes treating the material or substrate with the flame-retardant composition of the present disclosure, which is free of binders or pigments. The treatment is performed at a rate of at least 15 g / m². 2 at least 20g / m 2 , or at least 30 g / m 2 Corresponding to the organic salt, at least 150 g / m² 2at least 200g / m 2 , or at least 300g / m 2 The substrate is covered with a sufficient amount of the flame-retardant composition and this process is repeated a number of times. The second step of the treatment is to ensure that the total amount of the composition used is at least 15 g / m². 2 at least 25 g / m 2 , or at least 35 g / m 2 The amount of organic salt corresponds to at least 150 g / m². 2 at least 250g / m 2 , or at least 350 g / m² 2 The method involves treating a material or substrate with a flame-retardant composition containing a binder in an amount equal to 1.5%. Thus, after the second step, the treated material or substrate contains the composition of the present invention for imparting flame retardancy, the composition comprising an organic salt, a surfactant, and a binder.

[0064] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the application of the flame-retardant composition to a substrate or material is carried out in two processing steps. The first processing step includes treating the substrate with the flame-retardant composition of the present disclosure. The first processing step is at least 15 g / m 2 at least 20g / m 2 , or at least 30 g / m 2 At least 150 g / m², corresponding to the amount of organic salts. 2 at least 200g / m 2 , or at least 300g / m 2 The substrate is covered with the flame retardant composition and this process is repeated a sufficient number of times. The second processing step includes treating the substrate with a flame retardant composition comprising a binder and / or pigment. Preferably, the amount of flame retardant composition used in this step is such that the total amount is at least 15 g / m². 2 at least 25 g / m 2 , or at least 35 g / m 2 The amount of organic salt corresponds to at least 150 g / m². 2 at least 250g / m 2 , or at least 350 g / m² 2 It is the amount that becomes [a certain value].

[0065] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the application of the flame-retardant composition to a substrate or material is carried out in two steps. The first treatment step includes treating the substrate with the flame-retardant composition of the present disclosure, further comprising a pigment. This treatment is performed at a rate of at least 15 g / m². 2 at least 20g / m 2 , or at least 30 g / m 2 The amount of organic salt corresponds to at least 150 g / m². 2 at least 200g / m 2、 Or at least 300g / m 2 The substrate is covered with the flame-retardant composition and this process is repeated a sufficient number of times. The second processing step includes treating the substrate with the flame-retardant composition of the present invention, which further comprises a pigment. Preferably, the amount of flame-retardant composition used is such that the total amount is at least 15 g / m². 2 at least 25 g / m 2 , or at least 35 g / m 2 At least 150 g / m², corresponding to the amount of organic salts. 2 at least 250g / m 2 , or at least 350 g / m² 2 It is the quantity that results in this.

[0066] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the application of the flame-retardant composition to a substrate or material is carried out in two steps. The first treatment step includes treating the substrate with the flame-retardant composition of the present disclosure, further comprising a pigment. This treatment is performed at a rate of at least 15 g / m². 2 at least 20g / m 2 , or at least 30 g / m 2 The amount of organic salt corresponds to at least 150 g / m². 2 at least 200g / m 2 , or at least 300g / m 2 The substrate is covered with the flame-retardant composition and this process is repeated a sufficient number of times. The second step of the treatment includes treating the substrate with a flame-retardant composition comprising a pigment and a second binder. Preferably, the amount of composition used is at least 15 g / m² in total. 2 at least 25 g / m 2, or at least 35 g / m 2 The amount of organic salt corresponds to at least 150 g / m². 2 at least 250g / m 2 , or at least 350 g / m² 2 It is the quantity that results in this.

[0067] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the application of a flame retardant composition comprising an organic salt, a binder, a surfactant, and a radical generator to a substrate or material is repeated one or more times, preferably at least 150 g / m². 2 at least 200g / m 2 , or at least 350 g / m² 2 The material is repeatedly coated with the flame retardant composition of this disclosure. Preferably, the radical generator is selected from the group consisting of sulfenamides, alkoxyamines, phosphorus-based flame retardants, their derivatives, and mixtures thereof. In other specific embodiments of the present invention, the application of the flame retardant composition to a substrate or material is carried out in two steps. The first treatment step includes applying the flame retardant composition, which comprises an organic acid salt, a surfactant, and a radical generator, to the substrate or material one or more times by spraying and / or vacuum treatment. Preferably, at least 150 g / m² 2 at least 200g / m 2 , or at least 300g / m 2 The process is carried out so that the material is coated with the flame retardant composition of this disclosure. The second step of the process includes applying the flame retardant composition, which comprises an organic acid salt, a binder, a radical generator and a pigment, to the substrate or material one or more times. Preferably, at least 150 g / m² 2 at least 250g / m 2 , or at least 350 g / m² 2 The material is coated with the flame-retardant composition of this disclosure.

[0068] In still other specific embodiments of the present invention, the application of the flame retardant composition to the substrate or material is carried out in two steps. The first treatment step includes applying the flame retardant composition containing a salt of an organic acid, a surfactant, and a radical generator one or more times by spraying and / or vacuum treatment. Preferably, at least 150 g / m 2 , at least 200 g / m 2 , or at least 300 g / m 2 of the flame retardant composition of the present disclosure is used to coat the material. The second step of the treatment includes applying the flame retardant composition containing a binder, a radical generator, and a pigment to the substrate or material one or more times. Preferably, at least 150 g / m 2 , at least 250 g / m 2 , or at least 350 g / m 2 of the flame retardant composition of the present disclosure is used to cover the material. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for imparting flame retardancy to a material or substrate includes applying the composition of the present disclosure to a part of the substrate or material and applying the composition of the present disclosure to other parts of the substrate.

[0069] In certain embodiments of the present invention, a method for imparting flame retardancy to a material or substrate is as follows: 1) applying a flame retardant composition containing a salt of an organic acid, a surfactant, and a radical generator to a part of the material, preferably at least 150 g / m 2 , at least 250 g / m 2 , or at least 350 g / m 2 of the flame retardant composition to cover a part of the material, and 2) applying the flame retardant composition of the present disclosure to other parts of the material, preferably at least 150 g / m 2 , at least 250 g / m 2 , or at least 350 g / m 2 of the flame retardant composition to cover other parts of the material. The compositions of the present invention for imparting flame retardancy can be added to or incorporated into any existing product and may be used, for example, in flame retardant or fire extinguishing applications. Such products include, but are not limited to, liquids, foams, powders, fats, oils, paints, impregnations, coatings, and lacquer products. One embodiment of the present invention is the use of the composition of the present disclosure to impart flame retardancy to a material. [Examples]

[0070] The present invention will be described below with the help of examples. The examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0071] Example 1a: Preparation of compositions comprising a binder and a surfactant, with or without additives. • Binder composition 1: Seed emulsion polymerization was carried out in a 250 ml double-walled glass reactor equipped with a temperature control device, a mechanical stirrer, and a reflux condenser. First, a monomer mixture of 40 g of butyl acrylate (BA) (CAS number: 141-32-2) and 30 g of methyl methacrylate (MMA) (CAS number: 80-62-6) was prepared. Next, an aqueous surfactant solution was prepared by mixing water (80 g), a mixture of 2.5 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1 g of octylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol, and 0.6 g of sodium bicarbonate. The third mixture is an initiator solution consisting of 60 g of water and 1.4 g of potassium persulfate (KPS). The surfactant aqueous solution was first added to the reactor and heated to 80°C with vigorous stirring. Next, 14 g of the monomer mixture, along with 12 g of initiator solution, was added dropwise to the reactor over several minutes. After a further 15 minutes of polymerization, seed nucleus particles, which would be used to grow the final emulsion particles, were formed. The remaining monomer mixture, along with the remaining initiator, was then added to the reactor over 5 hours. After this, the temperature was raised to 90°C and maintained for 45 minutes, followed by cooling and neutralization with ammonia until the pH was approximately 8. The water contact angle of the resulting coating was 40°.

[0072] Binder composition 2 was prepared in the same manner as binder composition 1, except that after adding all of BA and MMA, 3, 6, or 12 g of silicon-functionalized acrylate (3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, CAS number 2530-85-0) was further supplied to the reactor before heating to 90°C. The water contact angle of the resulting coating increased from 51° when 3 g of silicon-functionalized acrylate was used to 70° when 6 g of silicon-functionalized acrylate was used. Thus, it is shown that increasing the concentration of silicon-functionalized acrylate increases the water contact angle. However, compared to the coating with a water contact angle of 70° (when 6 g of silicon-functionalized acrylate was used), using 12 g of silicon-functionalized acrylate did not significantly increase the water contact angle of the resulting coating. Binder composition 3 was prepared in the same manner as binder composition 1, except that after adding all of BA and MMA, 6 g of silicon-functionalized acrylate (3-methacrylateoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, CAS number 2530-85-0) and 4 g of phosphorus-functionalized acrylate (phosphate ester of polypropylene glycol monomethacrylate: trade name Sipomer PAM-200) were further supplied to the reactor.

[0073] Binder composition 4 was prepared in the same manner as binder composition 1, except that after adding all of BA and MMA, 6 g of silicon-functionalized acrylate (3-methacrylateoxypropyltrimethoxysilane), 4 g of phosphorus-functionalized acrylate (phosphate ester of polypropylene glycol monomethacrylate: trade name Sipomer PAM-200), and 2.25 g of fasulfenamide-functionalized acrylate (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)-4-piperidyl methacrylate) were supplied to the reactor. Binder composition 5 was prepared in the same manner as binder composition 1, except that after adding all of BA and MMA, 6 g of silicon-functionalized acrylate (3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), 4 g of phosphorus-functionalized acrylate (phosphate ester of polypropylene glycol monomethacrylate), 2.15 g of sulfenamide-functionalized acrylate (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)-4-piperidyl methacrylate) and 5 g of perfluorinated acrylate (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate) were supplied to the reactor. Binder composition 6 was prepared in the same manner as binder composition 1, except that after adding all of BA and MMA, and before heating the emulsion to 90°C, an additional 2.15 g of hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) functionalized acrylate (CAS number: 68548-08-3, trade name: ADK STAB LA-82) was added to the reactor.

[0074] Example 1b: Preparation of a composition containing a binder and additives • Binder composition 7: A dispersion of BA and MMA (Acronal Eco 6270) was to which 1% by weight of the nonionic surfactant Lutensol and 1% by weight of the sulfenamide additive N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide (CAS number: 17796-82-6) were added. • Binder composition 8: A dispersion of BA and MMA (Acronal Eco 6270) was to which 1 wt% of the nonionic surfactant Lutensol and 1 wt% of the sulfenamide (2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, N-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl), CAS number: 3741-80-8) were added. • Binder composition 9: A dispersion of BA and MMA (Acronal Eco 6270) was to which 1 wt% of the nonionic surfactant Lutensol and 1 wt% of the alkoxyamine (ADK LA-81, CAS number: 705257-84-7) were added. • Binder composition 10: A dispersion of BA and MMA (Acronal Eco 6270) was to which 1 wt% of the nonionic surfactant Lutensol and 10 wt% of calcium carbonate microparticles were added. • Binder composition 11: A mixture of 20 wt% ammonium sulfate and disodium hydrogen phosphate (1:1 molar ratio) was added to a dispersion of BA and MMA (Acronal Eco 6270). • Binder composition 12: A dispersion of BA and MMA (Acronal Eco 6270) was to which 10 wt% of a phosphorus-based flame retardant manufactured by Thor and sold under the trade name Aflammit978 was added. • Binder composition 13: A dispersion of BA and MMA (Acronal Eco 6270) was to which 10 wt% of a phosphorus-based flame retardant, sold under the trade name Aflammit926 by Thor, was added.

[0075] To investigate the water repellency of coatings prepared from various binders, the water contact angle was measured. A higher water contact angle indicates better resistance to water and longer flame retardancy of the treated wood. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0076] [Table 1]

[0077] The increased water contact angles (51° to 70°) of binder compositions 2, 3, and 5 compared to binder composition 1 (40°) clearly demonstrate that dispersions containing silicon-functionalized acrylates and / or fluorinated acrylates repel water more effectively than dispersions without silicon-functionalized acrylates and / or fluorinated acrylates. Therefore, higher water resistance is achieved, thereby improving the weather resistance and durability of the coated flame-retardant wood products.

[0078] Example 2: Preparation of a flame-retardant chemical composition containing an organic salt 100 kg of K2CO3 (724 mol) was dissolved in 530 L of water and thoroughly stirred. 100 kg of citric acid monohydrate (476 mol) was slowly added, and the resulting mixture was stirred until gas generation ceased to form a solution containing potassium citrate and potassium carbonate. Pressurized air was introduced into the bottom of the container to further aerate the mixture and remove any excess CO2 dissolved in the solution. 0.5 g of silver nitrate and 1 wt% of a nonionic surfactant (Lutensol AT18, from BASF, 20%) were added, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred. Once all the ingredients were added and thoroughly mixed, the resulting composition was heated and degassed with air to prevent foaming and remove any excess CO2 formed during the process.

[0079] Example 3: Preparation of a flame-retardant chemical composition containing an organic salt and a radical generator A flame-retardant chemical composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2. Once all the ingredients were added and thoroughly mixed, the resulting composition was heated and degassed with air to remove excess CO2 formed during the process, preventing foaming. Furthermore, 0.5% w / w of the sulfenamide additive N-(cyclohexylthio)-phthalimide (CAS number: 17796-82-6) was added to the composition.

[0080] Example 4a: Preparation of a flame-retardant chemical composition comprising an organic salt, binder, surfactant, and pigment. To the flame-retardant chemical composition of Example 2, 10% of the pigment TiO2 and 10% of the Acronal Eco 6270 binder were added to produce a transparent white composition. The mixture was vigorously stirred until a homogeneous solution was obtained. Using the pigment TiO2 yields a white flame-retardant composition.

[0081] Example 4b: Preparation of a flame-retardant chemical composition comprising an organic salt, binder, surfactant, pigment, and radical generator. To the flame-retardant chemical composition of Example 3, 10% of the pigment TiO2 and 10% of the Acronal Eco 6270 binder were added to produce a transparent white composition. The mixture was vigorously stirred until a homogeneous solution was obtained. Using the pigment TiO2 yields a white flame-retardant composition.

[0082] Example 5a: Absorption of a flame-retardant composition without surfactants into wood The effect of surfactant-free flame retardant compositions on wood absorption was evaluated by immersing untreated spruce pieces in a solution of a commercially available flame retardant composition (Phos-ChekFire-Trol®, PerimeterSolutions). After immersing the wood pieces in the flame retardant solution for 1 minute, they were left to dry in the open air for 1 minute. The weight of the wood pieces was measured before and after treatment to determine the improvement in the absorption of the flame retardant composition into the wood. Two experiments were conducted in parallel using two samples. When weighed, the average weight difference when treated with a composition that did not contain surfactants was 3.19 g.

[0083] Example 5b: Effect of surfactant on the absorption of flame-retardant composition into wood The effect of adding a surfactant on the absorption of a flame-retardant composition into wood was evaluated by immersing untreated spruce pieces in a solution of a commercially available flame-retardant composition (Phos-ChekFire-Trol®, PerimeterSolutions) containing 1% Lutensol AT 18 (20%, nonionic surfactant). After immersing the wood pieces in the flame-retardant solution for 1 minute, they were left to dry in the open air for 1 minute. The weight of the wood pieces was measured before and after treatment to determine the improvement in the absorption of the flame-retardant composition into wood. Two experiments were conducted in parallel using two samples. When weighed, the average weight difference was 3.19 g when treated with a composition without a surfactant (see Example 5a), compared to 3.88 g when treated with a composition containing a surfactant. In other words, absorption improved by approximately 18% with the addition of a surfactant.

[0084] Example 6: Evaluation of the effect of the flame retardant composition Potassium citrate (prepared as described in Example 2. However, silver nitrate and surfactant are not added.), a flame-retardant composition containing magnesium citrate (CAS number: 144-23-0, 20 wt%) or zinc citrate (CAS number: 5990-32-9, 4 wt%) was tested. Table 2 shows the results determined using a cone calorimeter in accordance with standard ISO5560 and indicates the effect of the citrate selected as a flame retardant for wood. When testing a product in accordance with ISO 5660, radiation at a specific illuminance level is applied to a sample with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm. The surface of the sample is heated and begins to release pyrolysis gas, and the gas is ignited by a spark ignition device. The released gas is collected in a hood and discharged through a ventilation system. Heat release is measured using measurement data of the oxygen concentration in the released smoke. Smoke generation is continuously measured throughout the test using a laser system. The parameters measured when testing in accordance with ISO 5660 are the heat release rate (kW / m 2 ), total heat release (MJ / m 2 ), mass loss (g / s), effective net combustion heat (MJ / kg), and smoke generation rate (m 2 / s). The level of toxic gas can also be measured by FTIR analysis.

[0085]

Table 2

[0086] The effect of a flame-retardant composition containing a binder, surfactant, and potassium citrate was evaluated using a cone calorimeter. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0087]

Table 3

[0088] The results in Table 3 show that both phosphate acrylate (binder composition 3) and sulfenamide acrylate (binder composition 4) improve flame retardancy compared to binder compositions 1 and 2, which do not contain phosphorus-functionalized acrylate and sulfonamide-functionalized monomers. The effects of flame-retardant compositions containing organic acid salts, binders, surfactants, and / or additives on covered wood (spruce) were evaluated using a cone calorimeter. The evaluation was conducted for differences between binder compositions (concentration based on organic salt solution) containing or not containing additives (concentration based on organic salt solution), similar to the results shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0089] [Table 4]

[0090] The results in Table 4 clearly show that binder compositions 3 and 4 (entries 9 and 10, respectively) provide a greater flame retardant effect compared to the binder Acronal ECO 6270 (entry 2). This result is thought to be due to the addition of phosphorus-functionalized acrylate (in binder compositions 3 and 4) and sulfenamide (in composition 4). Furthermore, flame retardant compositions containing poly(styrene-coacrylate) (entries 11 and 12) show superior flame retardancy compared to entry 2. In addition, flame retardant compositions entries 3-8, which contain various additives, show superior flame retardancy compared to compositions without additives (entries 1 and 2). Furthermore, compositions containing the binder AcronalEco6270 and potassium citrate (entry 2) show superior flame retardancy compared to the composition without potassium citrate (entry 1). Furthermore, compositions containing the binder Acronal Eco 6270 and poly(sodium methacrylate) (Entry 13) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tripotassium salt dihydrate (Entry 14) exhibit superior flame retardancy compared to compositions that do not contain organic acid salts (Entry 1). Furthermore, as shown in Table 5, a single-combustion-item test (EN13823:2010+A1:2014) was performed on two spruce wood samples. The total amount of flame retardant composition used was 350 g / m². 2 So, this is approximately 79g / m 2 It corresponds to potassium citrate salt.

[0091] [Table 5]

[0092] Example 7: Test of fire resistance performance of a flame-retardant composition containing pigments. A flame-retardant chemical composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4a, except that the amounts of potassium carbonate and citric acid monohydrate were 100 kg (724 mol) and 101.4 kg (482 mol), respectively. The prepared compositions were tested for flame retardancy in accordance with EN 13501-1:2007 and Al:2009. The tested product was spruce wood with a thickness of 20 mm or 45 mm treated with the composition of Example 4a. The wood was treated using the impregnation method, and the total amount of flame retardant used was 350 g / m². 2 This is approximately 72 g / m³ of potassium citrate salt. 2 Corresponding to [the specified condition]. No additional coating was applied to the treated wood. The classification includes two separate tests: a single combustion item test and an ignition test.

[0093] In the single combustion item test (EN13823:2010+A1:2014), a single combustion item (a 30kW propane burner in the test setup) is placed in the corner between two walls treated with a flame retardant composition, exposed to flame for 20 minutes, and the exhaust gases are collected in an exhaust duct. In the test, the heat rate of emission (HRR) of the sample is measured by oxygen calorimetry, the smoke rate (SPR) is measured based on the attenuation of light in the exhaust duct, the fall of combustion droplets or particles is visually observed during the first 600 seconds, and the lateral spread of the flame is also observed. The classification parameters of the test are the fire growth rate index (FIGRA), lateral flame diffusion (LFS), and total heat emission (THR). 600s), and additional classifications for smoke generation, namely the Smoke Growth Rate Index (SMOGRA) and Total Smoke Production (TSP) 600s The generation of combustion droplets or particles during the first 600 seconds of the test is also classified. The second test is an ignition test (EN ISO 11925-2) in which the sample is directly exposed to a small flame. The flame is applied vertically to the sample at a 40° angle, and a sheet of filter paper is placed beneath the sample to monitor the fall of burning fragments. The flame is applied for 30 seconds, and the total test time is 60 seconds. The test results are summarized in Table 6 below.

[0094] [Table 6]

[0095] Example 8: Test of fire resistance performance of a flame retardant composition containing a radical generator. A flame-retardant composition was prepared according to the method of Example 4b. The composition was evaluated for its efficiency as a flame retardant, as in Example 7. The product tested was 20 mm or 25 mm thick cedar wood treated with the composition. The wood was treated by impregnation, and the total amount of flame retardant used was 350 g / m². 2 The results were as follows. A summary of the test results is shown in Table 7 below.

[0096] [Table 7]

[0097] Example 9: VOC emission test, CDPH The chemical composition of Example 4a was tested to determine whether it met the established standards for the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other harmful compounds into the atmosphere. The tests were conducted in accordance with standards CEN / TS 16516, ISO 16000 parts-3, -6, -9, -11, and CDPH (California Department of Public Health), and the test results are summarized in Table 8 below. Specific information regarding sampling and analysis is available from the respective standardization bodies. The sample compositions were homogenized and applied to flat-bottomed Petri discs. Each sample was coated with 120 g / m² of material. 2 Three layers were applied using the specified amount, and then dried for one hour. Dry samples were placed in a sealed test chamber, and the air exchange rate, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) were maintained. The levels of total VOCs (TVOCs; C5-C17), formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde were monitored after 11, 12, and 14 days to determine the regional emission rate (SER). From the regional emission rate (SER), the concentration of the VOCs in the air of a standardized classroom or office can be calculated according to the CDPH. A summary of the test results is shown in Table 8 below.

[0098] [Table 8]

[0099] Example 10; VOC emission test, M1 The VOC emissions of the composition of Example 4a were tested according to the M1 protocol of January 2015. The tests were standardized according to CEN / TS 16516, ISO 16000 parts-3, -6, -9, -11, M1, and EN15251 Appendix C. The preparation of the test samples and the test procedure were the same as those described in Example 9, except that the test period was 28 days. In addition, a sensory evaluation of the odor of the samples was performed. The results of the VOC emission tests after 28 days are shown in Table 9.

[0100] [Table 9]

[0101] Sensory evaluation was conducted after 28 days of storage in a test chamber under controlled conditions. The test panel first evaluated the odor of the room air, and then evaluated the odor twice for each chamber. A minimum of two minutes of rest was taken between the two evaluations. Each judgment was based on the impression of the odor after two or three inhalations. The odor was evaluated immediately after each evaluation on a continuous scale with increments of 0.1, ranging from +1 (clearly acceptable) to -1 (clearly unacceptable), where +0.1 indicated an acceptable direction and -0.1 indicated an unacceptable direction. The scale was read with an accuracy of ±0.1. The results were calculated as the average of the panel's odor evaluations, and only results above 0.1 were considered acceptable. In the calculation, only panel members who rated clean, humid air as acceptable (>0.8) were considered. The samples received a mean rating of 0.9, with a 90% confidence interval of 0.9–0.9 and a standard deviation of 0.1. A comparison of the results of the tested samples with the M1 limit is shown in Table 10.

[0102] [Table 10]

[0103] Example 11: Weather resistance of flame-retardant treatment The durability of the flame retardant treatment is evaluated by testing the effectiveness of the treatment using a cone calorimeter compliant with ISO 5660, before and after weathering by NTFIRE053 - artificial weathering method - in accordance with European standard EN16755. Weather resistance was determined by preparing a total of six 20mm x 100mm x 100mm spruce flakes according to Example 4a at approximately 350g / m². 2 The evaluation was performed by treating the samples with an equivalent amount of flame-retardant composition. Three of the six samples were subjected to artificial weathering, and the remaining three were used as unweathered controls. Based on evaluations using a cone calorimeter, the total heat release (THR) of the weathered samples increased by an average of 15.6% compared to the unweathered control. This complies with EN16755, which states that the increase in THR due to weathering should not exceed 20%. Measurements indicate that the samples were in a fire classification class B with a THR of <150 kW / m³. 2 It meets the requirement for a heat dissipation rate (HRR 30s ave.).

Claims

1. A composition for imparting flame retardancy to a material, wherein the material is wood. The composition comprises an organic salt as a flame retardant compound, a surfactant, and a binder. The aforementioned composition does not contain ammonium phosphate, The aforementioned organic salt is a potassium salt of an organic acid, The organic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid and its hydrate, and / or any combination thereof. The aforementioned binder is, A polymer of one or more acrylate monomers independently selected from the group consisting of n-butyl acrylate (BA), ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate (MMA), lauryl acrylate, and phenoxyethyl acrylate. n-butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate, as well as copolymers of silylated, phosphated and / or fluorinated monomers. Copolymers formed from functional monomers comprising a monomer mixture containing n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, and one or more combinations selected from the group consisting of silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, nitrogen derivatives, and radical generators, or A copolymer of one or more acrylate monomers selected from the group consisting of n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, and styrene and / or vinyl acetate monomer. The surfactant is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl sulfosuccinates, polyether-modified polysiloxanes, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates, or mixtures thereof. The organic salt is a composition that can be mixed with the binder without agglomeration, creaming, or precipitation.

2. Furthermore, the composition according to claim 1, comprising a compound having antibacterial and / or antifungal activity.

3. Furthermore, the composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising a radical generator that improves the flame retardancy of the composition.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is in the form of granules or powder, or in the form of an aqueous solution.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an aqueous solvent.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the binder or composition is contained in a coating, and the binder provides a water contact angle of 51° or more with respect to the coating.

7. Furthermore, the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a water-binding compound selected from the group consisting of any urea compound or any mixture thereof.

8. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the radical generating agent is selected from the group consisting of sulfenamide, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane, 1,4-diisopropylbenzene, alkoxyamine, peroxide, disulfide, azoalkane, oxyimide, silylamine, phosphorus-based flame retardants, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.

9. The sulfenamide or alkoxyamine is bis(1-undecanoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) carbonate, 1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecyllaminopiperidine, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) sebacate, 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino-s-triazine), bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) adipate, 2,4-bis [(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)sebacate, bis(1-(2-hydroxy Reaction product of (-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) adipate, 2,4-bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl]-N-butylamino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine and N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine);2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino-s-triazine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)piperidine-4-one, 1-((4-methoxyphenyl)thio)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-one, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-((4-nitrophenyl)thio)-piperidine-4-one, 1-(2-nitrophenylthio)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-one, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(4-methylphenylthio)piperidine-4-one, 1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylthio)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-one, 1-(2-pyridylthio)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-one, 1,2-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)piperidine-4-ylidene)hydrazine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)-4-piperidyl methacrylate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(((thioxo-λ; ４ -Sulfanylidene)amino)thio)piperidine-4-one, trans-2,5-dimethyl-1,4-bis(phenylthio)piperazine, 1-butylsulfanyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4'-thiobis-morpholine, 1,1'-thiobis-(2,6-dimethyl)piperidine, 1,l'-thiobis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl)piperidine, N-1,5,9-((4-methoxyphenyl)thio))-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidoyl)amine, 1,1-thiobisf Talimide, 1,1'-thiobis-carbazole, 2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)thio]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 9-(phenyl-thio)-9H-carbazole, 9-[(4-methoxyphenyl)thio]-9H-carbazole, N-2-naphthalenyl-N-phenyl-4-methylbenzenesulfenamide, N-bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-S-phenyl-N-(phenylthio)thiohydroxylamide N, 2,4,6-tris(4-morpholinylthio)-[1,3,5]-triazine, S-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-N,N-diisopropylthiohydroxylamine, S-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-N,N-dicyclohexylthiohydroxylamine, S-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-N-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-ylthio)-N-(tert-butyl)-thiohydroxylamine, benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, 3-(piperazine-1-yl)-benzo The composition according to claim 8, selected from the group consisting of [d] isothiazole, 5-nitrobenzo[c] isothiazole-3-amine, 3-phenyl-1,2,4-thiazole-5-amine, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)piperazine-4-yl) decanedioate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(phenylthio)piperazine-4-yl) carbonate, and 1,3-bis(phenylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-one, and any mixture thereof.

10. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the compound having antifungal activity and / or antibacterial activity is selected from the group consisting of nitrates, nitrites, benzoates, sulfites, and any combination thereof.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the surfactant is selected from polyether-modified polysiloxanes, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, or mixtures thereof.

12. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the binder further comprises a phosphorus compound.

13. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it does not contain boric acid.

14. A method for imparting flame retardancy to a material, comprising applying a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13 to the material, wherein the material is wood.

15. A method for imparting flame retardancy to a material according to claim 14, wherein the composition is applied by first coating the material with an organic acid salt and a surfactant to form a first treated material, and then coating the formed first treated material with the binder to form a second treated material.

16. A method for imparting flame retardancy to the material according to claim 14 or 15, to which the composition is applied by spraying, pressure treatment, vacuum treatment, immersion treatment, brushing, impregnation, or rolling.

17. A method for imparting flame retardancy to a material according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the composition is applied to the material at the site where the material is used or during the manufacturing process of the material.

18. A product comprising the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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