Method for stabilizing ion exchange resins

Abstract

To provide methods of stabilizing a virgin ion exchange resin material.SOLUTION: Methods include cleaning a virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising a nonionic detergent. The methods include cleaning the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent. The methods include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water. The methods include introducing the cleaned / rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable vessel, and hermetically sealing the vessel. The methods include introducing an oxygen scavenging material into the gas-impermeable vessel, and hermetically sealing the vessel. Also there is provided a method of facilitating water treatment in a site in need thereof by providing cleaned virgin ion exchange resin material into deoxygenated water.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The embodiments and models disclosed herein relate to the stabilization of virgin ion exchange resin materials. Regarding. More specifically, the disclosed embodiments and models relate to virgin ion exchange resin materials. The present invention relates to a method for reducing the rate of oxidative degradation of a material. The disclosed embodiments and models are stable This relates to the handling, storage, and transportation of conditioned virgin ion exchange resin materials. [Overview of the project]

[0002] According to one embodiment, a method for stabilizing a virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The method involves cleaning virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising a nonionic cleaning agent. This may include manufacturing used virgin ion exchange resin materials. The prepared product is a nonionic detergent. This method may include a nonionic detergent at a concentration below the critical micelle concentration (CMC). This method may include introducing a virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable container. This may include sealing the container.

[0003] In some embodiments, the method involves washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water. It could also imply something happening immediately.

[0004] Nonionic detergents include ethoxylated octylphenol, polysorbate, and polyoxy It may comprise at least one of ethylene and its metabolites.

[0005] According to a particular embodiment, the preparation contains less than 0.125 g / L of ethoxylated octyl. It may contain phenol.

[0006] This method involves using a cleaned virgin ion exchange resin material in a liquid-impermeable container that is impermeable to gases. This may include introducing the contents into a container.

[0007] In another embodiment, a method for stabilizing a virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. To manufacture cleaned virgin ion exchange resin material, virgin ion exchange resin material This method may include washing the washed barge with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent. This method may include introducing an ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable container. This may include sealing it.

[0008] In some embodiments, the method involves washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water. It could also imply something happening immediately.

[0009] According to certain embodiments, the alcohol solvent is isopropanol, methanol, ethanol Isoamyl, n-butanol, isooctanol, methylisobutylcarbinol, isoamyl Alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, It may also comprise at least one of aqueous ammonia.

[0010] The preparation may contain less than approximately 0.5% isopropanol.

[0011] In some embodiments, the method involves washing the virgin ion exchange resin into a gas-impermeable container. This may include introducing the liquid into an impermeable container.

[0012] In another embodiment, a method for stabilizing a virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The method involves washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation containing a nonionic cleaning agent. It may include producing a purified virgin ion exchange resin material. The preparation may comprise a non-ionic detergent at a concentration below the critical micelle concentration of the non-ionic detergent. This method may include rinsing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water to produce a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may include rinsing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than about 10 ppb. This method may include rinsing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water to produce a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. In some embodiments, the non-ionic detergent may comprise at least one of ethoxylated octylphenol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan, polyoxyethylene, and their metabolites.

[0013] This method may further include introducing the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable container and sealing the container. According to another aspect, a method for stabilizing a virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. This method may include washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent to produce a washed virgin ion exchange resin material. This method may include rinsing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water to produce a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material.

[0014] In some embodiments, the method may include rinsing the washed ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than about 10 ppb. The alcohol solvent may be isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, or a combination thereof. This method may further include introducing the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable container and sealing the container.

[0015] This method may further include introducing the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable container and sealing the container. According to another aspect, a method for stabilizing a virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. This method may include washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent to produce a washed virgin ion exchange resin material. This method may include rinsing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water to produce a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material.

[0016] In some embodiments, the method may include rinsing the washed ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than about 10 ppb. This method may include washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent to produce a washed virgin ion exchange resin material. This method may include rinsing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water to produce a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The alcohol solvent may be isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, or a combination thereof. [[ID=​​​​​​​​​​​​ Sodium octanol, methyl isobutylcarbinol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl Of the following: ethanol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, and aqueous ammonia It can have at least one of the following.

[0019] This method involves introducing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable container. This may further include sealing the container.

[0020] In another embodiment, a method for facilitating water treatment is provided at a location where it is needed. This method may include providing a washed virgin ion exchange resin material in deoxygenated water. The washed virgin ion exchange resin material is a polystyrene-based ion exchange resin material. It is possible. Washed virgin ion exchange resin material contains less than 25 ppb of oxygen in total organic carbon. It may have seeds.

[0021] In some embodiments, the method is performed in a liquid-impermeable compartment of a sealed gas-impermeable container. This may further include providing cleaned virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water. .

[0022] This method involves placing an acid between the outer wall of the liquid-impermeable compartment and the inner wall of the gas-impermeable container. This may further include providing materials for removing primordia.

[0023] In some embodiments, the method may further include providing an indicator of oxygen contamination.

[0024] This method involves adding deoxygenated water to approximately 40% to 50% of the washed virgin ion exchange resin material. This may include providing.

[0025] This method may include providing deoxygenated water having less than approximately 10 ppb of dissolved oxygen. . [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0026] The attached drawings are not intended to be drawn to an exact scale. Various figures are shown in the drawings. Each identical or nearly identical component is represented by a similar number. Therefore, not all components are indexed in every drawing. The following is shown:

[0027] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of a container according to an embodiment disclosed herein. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of a system comprising a container according to an embodiment disclosed herein. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of a container according to an embodiment disclosed herein. [Figure 4] This is a graph comparing the total amount of oxygen-containing organic carbon on an ion exchange resin after washing with various detergents, according to one embodiment disclosed herein. [Figure 5A] This graph shows the concentration of oxygen-containing total organic carbon on ion exchange resin after washing with percarbonates of various concentrations. [Figure 5B] This graph shows the concentration of oxygen-containing total organic carbon on ion exchange resin after washing with various concentrations of isopropanol. [Figure 5C] This graph shows the concentration of oxygen-containing total organic carbon on an ion exchange resin after washing with various concentrations of ethoxylated octylphenol. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0028] Ion exchange resins can generally be used to separate components contained in liquid mixtures. Conventional ion exchange resins are copolymers of groups having cationic and anionic sites. - Can be prepared by functionalizing the matrix. Anions or cations are used in the tree. When a fat is in contact with a liquid mixture, it interacts with ions or molecules in the liquid that have the same charge. It may be possible for them to be exchanged or associate. Ions are exchanged stoichiometrically, and the system Maintain electrical neutrality. One cation such as hydrogen (or proportional based on valence) A resin that exchanges a certain amount of cations with other cations such as copper, iron, or sodium is a cationic resin. A single anion (or an amount proportional to its valence), such as hydroxide, chloride, sulfur Resins that exchange for other anions, such as salts and chromates, are called anionic resins. In combination, both types of resins are made from various substances such as sodium chloride and calcium sulfate in solution. Used to remove salt. Mixed bed ion exchange resins consist of cationic resins and anionic resins. It includes a combination to provide higher purity treated water. The resin is saturated with removed ions. It can be used until it expires. Many resins can also be recycled and reused. For example, they can be used in water treatment. The resins used are either treated with a strong acid (in the case of cationic resins) or a strong base (in the case of anionic resins). It can be used to reproduce.

[0029] Ion exchange is often used in water treatment, and ions in aqueous solutions are typically removed from a substrate, for example. Hydrogen (H) bonded to ion exchange resin + ) or hydroxide (OH - ) Replaced by ions This is sometimes called "desalination of water" or "deionization of water." Resins are commonly used in applications such as water purification, nuclear power generation, microelectronics manufacturing, and semiconductors. It can be used in the fields of body manufacturing, food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical processing, and metal extraction.

[0030] Under certain conditions, ion exchange resins can cause oxidation of the copolymer matrix over long periods of time. It can be subject to degradation. For example, during the purification of a liquid mixture, a liquid mixture that is in contact with a resin may be subjected to degradation. This may contain oxidizing species such as molecular oxygen, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved chlorine, or it may be heated. Each of these can accelerate the undesirable degradation of the copolymer matrix. Ion exchange resins can undergo oxidative degradation during handling before use, storage, or transport. For example, water or air that comes into contact with the ion exchange resin before use also contributes to the copolymer matrix. It can accelerate the deterioration of camphor wood.

[0031] Specifically, during oxidative degradation, carbon-carbon bonds are broken, and crosslinking between individual polymer chains occurs. It is believed to break the bonds between the styrene and / or individual styrene parts. When used, "oxidative degradation" of the ion exchange resin material refers to the copolymer matrix of the material. This refers to the loss of carbon-carbon bonds in crosslinks between individual polymer chains or styrene moieties. I don't want to be bound by theory, but such a loss of bonds increases water retention capacity, and the most Ultimately, this leads to the release of organic pollutants such as functionalized linear polystyrene segments. This is considered possible. Oxidative degradation of the copolymer matrix can occur through ion exchange or chloroform exchange. This may be undesirable for the commercial operation of the matrixing process. For example, crosslinking The lost resin may become relatively softer and may expand to become larger as a result of oxidative degradation. The increased softness and expansion of the resin ultimately leads to an increased reduction in floor pressure, as the liquid mixture being processed... Among the decrease in flow rate and the reduced operational capacity for removing chemical species from the liquid being treated This can cause one or more of the following:

[0032] Furthermore, when the crosslinking of the copolymer matrix is ​​lost, organic contaminants enter the column effluent. The increased emissions may be unacceptable for some applications, such as the nuclear power industry. Organic contaminants from degraded ion exchange resins create potential corrosion sources in process equipment. This can contaminate other ion exchange resins involved in the process. Ionic contaminants can degrade It can also be generated from ion exchange resins. For example, in an exemplary processing process, cation exchange The replacement resin may contain sulfonic acid charges fixed on the styrene main chain. The sulfonic acid is negatively charged. It is electrically charged. Positively charged ions such as sodium or calcium are being treated. Another ion exchange resin is used to remove sodium or calcium from the liquid. On, for example, it can exchange with hydrogen ions (H+). However, in some cases, resin This can degrade to the point where sulfate ions leach out of the cation exchange resin. The sulfate ions can adversely affect the water quality of treated water.

[0033] Previously, people in industry used crosslinked monomers used in the preparation of copolymer matrices. By increasing the quantity, improve the oxidative degradation of ion exchange resin and related problems. The attempt was made. However, increasing the number of crosslinks generally results in a difference between the resulting resin beads and the liquid mixture. This reduces compatibility with the beads, resulting in reduced diffusion into the beads and insufficient handling ability. Drip. Highly crosslinked resins exhibit insufficient regeneration efficiency, glucose, fructose Furthermore, it may be impermeable to other large molecules such as sugars. Therefore, even if the crosslinking density is increased, it may not be possible to address the problems associated with the release of organic pollutants. There is a match.

[0034] Other people in the industry believe that the hydrogen atoms of the tertiary carbon adjacent to the benzene ring in the styrene moiety are We attempted to improve the oxidative degradation of ion exchange resin by replacing it with chlorofluorocarbon. In other words, the entirety of the United States is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. As assumed in Patent No. 3,342,755, the degradation of the copolymer matrix The possible mechanism is defined by the tertiary carbon adjacent to the benzene ring in the styrene moiety. This relates to "weak bonding." Tertiary carbon atoms are oxidized by the hydrogen atoms attached to them, such as molecular oxygen and chlorine. Because it tends to form hydroperoxides with the agent, it is considered a weak bond. The oxides can ultimately lead to the splitting of carbon chains associated with the copolymer. In patents 342 and 755, the inventors identified orthochlorostyrene, which does not contribute to the stability of the resin. We attempted to improve degradation by using monomers such as [specific monomers].

[0035] If degradation of the ion exchange resin occurs, conventionally, as long as the performance of the resin is not impaired... Attempts may be made to wash away degradation products from the ion exchange resin. Standard rinse water (non-deoxidizing) If rinsed with plain water, the ion exchange resin may continue to be susceptible to oxidative degradation and / or contamination. The polymer remaining during the polymerization and activation steps in the production of ion exchange resins Fragments and impurities intertwine and slowly leach out of the resin. These also have specific industrial applications. It must be washed away to an acceptable level. Furthermore, in certain cases, Rinsing ion exchange resins generates a large amount of waste. For example, in the nuclear industry, ion exchange Rinsing the resin can generate large amounts of waste and radioactive wastewater that requires complex processing. The zinc ion exchange resin needs to be left offline to stabilize before use.

[0036] By limiting the resin's exposure to oxidizing agents such as molecular oxygen, dissolved oxygen, and chlorine, io It is possible to stabilize the ion exchange resin and prevent oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin. Conventionally, ion exchange resin These are often stored in containers containing moisture before being used to process liquids. The inventors have developed a method for exchanging ion exchange resins for oxygen and / or chlorine dissolved in standard rinse water. By preventing exposure and limiting the rate of oxidative degradation of the resin, the ion exchange resin can be safely used before application. It was recognized that this could be standardized. Furthermore, conventional ion exchange resin storage containers generally have This can allow air to enter, potentially causing a rapid rate of oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin. The inventors of this invention have found that the ion exchange resin prevents contact with oxygen from, for example, the surrounding air. Therefore, it is recognized that it can be further stabilized and the oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin can be further limited. Stabilization allows the ion exchange resin to be used more efficiently than conventional ion exchange resins stored before use. In comparison, it may remain usable for a predetermined period of time offline. The law may also reduce the amount of wastewater generated during rinsing.

[0037] Analysis was performed on polystyrene-based resins, and several substances were released due to the oxidative degradation of the resin. The contaminants were identified. Among the identified contaminants was 5-methyl-3-hexano N, methoxyphenyl oxime, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, 2-methylbenz It contained aldehydes, benzenemethaneimines, and tributylamine. Although we do not wish this to happen, at least some of these contaminants are present from the manufacturing of the resin. It is thought to be generated from the oxidation of the styrene and orthoxylene moieties.

[0038] [ka]

[0039] Such pollutants can have varying degrees of water solubility. For example, acetophenone. The water solubility of benzaldehyde and 2-methylbenzaldehyde is 5.5g each. The concentrations are 3.0 g / L, 3.0 g / L, and 1.2 g / L. Highly water-soluble contaminants are generally... It can be washed away. However, contaminants with lower water solubility can be washed away with water. It may not be possible to remove it completely, or it may only be partially rinsed off with water.

[0040] The embodiments and models disclosed herein relate to the stabilization of virgin ion exchange resin materials. Regarding this, in some embodiments, the stabilization of the ion exchange resin is, for example, in handling and storage. This may refer to maintaining the stability of the ion exchange resin over time, and / or during transport. And the maintained stability is related to the reduced rate of oxidative degradation of virgin ion exchange resin materials. It is possible. In particular, when used herein, the “stabilized” ion exchange resin material is predetermined. This can refer to an ion exchange resin material in which the rate of oxidative degradation has decreased over a certain period of time.

[0041] A system and method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin materials are disclosed. A method for stabilizing the exchange resin is to produce rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. This may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deionized water. The standardization method involves introducing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable container. This may include: A method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is to use a gas-impermeable container. This may include sealing.

[0042] In some embodiments, the method for stabilizing the ion exchange resin involves dissolving the resin at a concentration of less than approximately 10 ppb. This may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water that has an oxygen concentration. A method for stabilizing the oil exchange resin is to purge it with deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of approximately 1 ppb. This may include rinsing the ion exchange resin material. A method for stabilizing the ion exchange resin is approximately Rinse virgin ion exchange resin materials with deoxygenated water having a chlorine concentration of less than 10 ppb. It may include. A method for stabilizing ion exchange resins is deoxygenation with a chlorine concentration of about 1 ppb. This may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with water.

[0043] In certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include a virgin ion exchange resin material. By introducing deoxygenated water into a gas-impermeable container, virgin ion exchange resin material can be processed. This may include rinsing and removing void-deoxygenated water from the container. Rinsing with deionized water is worse than not rinsing at all right before the water is used at the point of use. This can be an improvement. Pre-rinsing removes residual polymers and organic compound fragments that are entangled in the resin. It can be planned to remove it. Deoxygenation of deionized water involves the generation of oxygen in deionized rinse water. This minimizes the decomposition of the resin itself. This generally involves organic matter from ion exchange resins. (Measured by total organic carbon - TOC) This can be a cause of impurity levels.

[0044] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein involve rinsing virgin ion exchange This may include maintaining the moisture content in the resin material. Maintaining the moisture content is necessary for the resin's function. This may be related to crosslinking of the rimer, minimizing the leaching of organic compounds, and increasing physical strength. In some embodiments, the method involves rinsing a virgin ion exchange resin material. This may include maintaining a moisture content of at least about 40%. In some embodiments, the method This means maintaining a water content of approximately 50% in rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. May include. In some embodiments, the method involves in rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material This may include maintaining the moisture content at approximately 40% to 50%.

[0045] According to certain embodiments, the method disclosed herein generates deoxygenated water. It may also include. For example, deoxygenated water can be produced by deoxygenating non-deoxygenated water. Non-deoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by treatment to remove dissolved oxygen. In this application method, undeoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by passing through a deoxygenation membrane. In this embodiment, non-deoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by vacuum degassing the non-deoxygenated water. ru.

[0046] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein involve virgin ion exchange resin materials. Deoxygenated water containing dissolved oxygen at a concentration effective in reducing the rate of oxidative degradation, virgin This may include rinsing the ion exchange resin material. For example, using virgin ion exchange resin material. Oxidative degradation such that the first volume of treated water contains less than approximately 10 ppb of total organic carbon. The rate can be reduced. In some embodiments, virgin ion exchange resin material is placed inside the container. After being maintained for a predetermined period, the first body of water is treated with a virgin ion exchange resin material. The rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced so that the total organic carbon content has a product of less than approximately 10 ppb.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first water treated with a virgin ion exchange resin material The rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced by having sulfates with a volume of less than approximately 10 ppb. In one embodiment, the first volume of water treated with a virgin ion exchange resin material is The rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced by having a chloride content of less than approximately 10 ppb. After maintaining the virgin ion exchange resin material for a predetermined period, the virgin ion exchange resin material is used. The first volume of treated water contains less than approximately 10 ppb of sulfate and / or less than approximately 10 ppb. The rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced by providing a sufficient amount of chloride. Sulfates are measured together as TOC. Individual components present in untreated virgin resin Organic sulfates and organic chlorides can be decomposed to form ionic chlorides and sulfates. These compounds leave behind ionic chlorides and sulfates that can be analyzed using conventional methods. The organic compounds can then be analytically measured using UV light, which decomposes them.

[0048] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material is kept in the container for at least about 6 months. After being maintained for a while, the first volume of water treated with virgin ion exchange resin material is approximately 1 Total organic carbon less than 0 ppb, sulfates less than approximately 10 ppb, and / or less than approximately 10 ppb. By ensuring sufficient chloride content, the rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced.

[0049] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein involve opening a container and consuming virgin iodine. This method may further include rinsing the ion exchange resin material. After maintaining the material in the container for a specified time, the container is opened, and the virgin ion exchange resin material The method may further include rinsing the material. For example, the method involves using a virgin ion exchange resin material. After maintaining the material in the container for at least approximately 6 months, open the container and remove the virgin ion exchange resin material. This method may further include rinsing. This method also involves opening the container and rinsing before use. The replacement resin material is rinsed with deoxygenated water and / or deionized water (deoxygenated or non-deoxygenated). This may include doing so.

[0050] In another embodiment, a method for facilitating water treatment is provided where it is needed. A method to facilitate water treatment at the site is to rinse the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water. This may include generating rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method includes introducing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable container. This may be seen. This method may include sealing the container. In some embodiments, the method A gas-impermeable container containing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material and residual moisture. This may include providing it to, for example, a water treatment facility. The residual moisture content is, for example, about 40% to about It may contain 50% moisture.

[0051] In some embodiments, the method for facilitating water treatment at the location where it is needed is approximately 10p Rinse the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than PB. It may contain. A method to facilitate water treatment is to use deoxygenated water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of about 1 ppb. This may include rinsing the ion exchange resin material. A method for facilitating water treatment is approximately 10 This includes rinsing virgin ion exchange resin materials with deoxygenated water having a chlorine concentration of less than ppb. It is possible. A method to facilitate water treatment is to use deoxygenated water with a chlorine concentration of about 1 ppb. This may include rinsing the ion exchange resin material.

[0052] According to certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein further provide a procedure This may include. The method involves maintaining virgin ion exchange resin material in a sealed container for a predetermined period of time. This may include providing instructions for handling the contents until they are ready to use. For example, the method may include providing instructions for handling the contents until they are ready to use. This may include providing a procedure for maintaining virgin ion exchange resin material within a container. In some embodiments, the method involves, for example, opening the container before use and performing virgin ion exchange. The method may further include providing a procedure for rinsing the resin material with deoxygenated water. Before use, for example in water treatment, open the container and rinse the virgin ion exchange resin material. This may include providing the procedure.

[0053] In another embodiment, a container comprising a virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water is provided. In some embodiments, the container can be sealed. In some embodiments, the container is about The container may be equipped with deoxygenated water containing less than 10 ppb of dissolved oxygen. The container may contain less than 10 ppb of salt. It may be equipped with deoxygenated water containing an element.

[0054] In some embodiments, the container may contain a packaged dry medium. For example, the container may be The container may contain a desiccant packaged inside. In some embodiments, the container is gas-impermeable. It can be constructed from various materials. For example, the container can be made of stainless steel and epoxy-lined carbon. It can be constructed from at least one of the steels.

[0055] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material may be a cation exchange resin. In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material is an anion exchange resin or It may be a mixture of cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin.

[0056] According to one embodiment, a method for stabilizing a virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The method involves rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water, and then rinsing the virgin ion exchange This method includes generating an ion exchange resin material. This method may further include introducing the rinsed virgin into a gas-impermeable container. The ion exchange resin material is introduced into a designated compartment of the container, for example, a liquid-impermeable compartment. This method may include preservatives, oxygen removal materials, and / or indicators of oxygen contamination. This method may include introducing the contents into an impermeable container. This method may further include sealing the container. This method may further include purging oxygen from a gas-impermeable container. In a specific embodiment, this method involves using a preservative and an oxygen removal material before using the ion exchange resin. This may include removing indicators of oxygen contamination.

[0057] A system and method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin materials are disclosed. The virgin ion exchange resin material is rinsed with deoxygenated water, and the rinsed virgin ion exchange The method may include producing a resin material. The method involves using a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. This may include introducing the liquid into the liquid-impermeable compartment of a gas-impermeable container. This method tightly seals the container. This may include sealing.

[0058] According to a particular embodiment, the method involves introducing an oxygen removal material into a gas-impermeable container. Furthermore, the method may include an acid between the outer wall of the liquid-impermeable compartment and the inner wall of the gas-impermeable container. This may include placing materials to be removed.

[0059] In some embodiments, the method involves rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with polyethylene. Less than ethylene terephthalate, stainless steel, and epoxy-lined carbon steel This may include introducing it into a gas-impermeable container that has one of these features.

[0060] This method involves using deoxygenated water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than approximately 10 ppb to exchange virgin ions. This may include rinsing the replacement resin material.

[0061] This method may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material in a gas-impermeable container. ru.

[0062] In another embodiment, a method for stabilizing a virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The method involves rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water, and then removing the rinsed virgin ions. This may include producing an exchange resin material. This method involves rinsing virgin ion exchange resin The method may include introducing a lipid material into a gas-impermeable container. This may include introducing the oxygen removal material into a permeable container, and the oxygen removal material is positioned so as not to come into direct contact with moisture. This method may include sealing the container.

[0063] In some embodiments, the method involves making the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material gas impermeable. The method may further include introducing the liquid into the liquid-impermeable compartment of the transmissive container. This may include placing an oxygen removal material between the outer wall of the painting and the inner wall of the gas-impermeable container.

[0064] According to a particular embodiment, the oxygen removal material is a ferrous compound, catechol, ascorbyl Salts, ascorbic acid, sodium bicarbonate, citrus extract, oxidase, unsaturated hydrocarbons This may include polyamides or combinations thereof.

[0065] This method may further include introducing an indicator of oxygen pollution. The indicator of oxygen pollution is p At H7 and 25°C, the redox midpoint potential E is approximately -0.05V to approximately +0.06V. 0 has It can be a visual indicator.

[0066] In another embodiment, a method is provided for facilitating water treatment at a location where it is needed. These methods include providing a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material in deoxygenated water. The rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material is visible in the liquid of a sealed, gas-impermeable container. It will be placed in a transparent compartment.

[0067] In some embodiments, the method involves placing the deoxygenated water in a gas-impermeable container without direct contact with it. The method may further include providing an oxygen removal material arranged in such a manner. This provides an oxygen removal material to be placed between the outer wall of a permeable compartment and the inner wall of a gas-impermeable container. This may include ferrous compounds, catechol, ascorbate, ascor Bic acid, sodium bicarbonate, citrus extract, oxidase, unsaturated hydrocarbon, polyamide, This may include providing oxygen removal materials selected from combinations thereof.

[0068] In some embodiments, the method involves approximately 40% to 50% of the virgin ion exchange resin material. This may include providing a certain amount of deoxygenated water.

[0069] This method may include providing deoxygenated water having less than approximately 10 ppb of dissolved oxygen. .

[0070] In some embodiments, the method provides an indicator of oxygen contamination in a gas-impermeable container. It may include the following.

[0071] In another embodiment, a sealed container is provided. The container has a dissolved oxygen level of less than about 10 ppb. The deoxygenated water may contain virgin ion exchange resin material. The container may also contain oxygen removal material. It may include.

[0072] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material in deoxygenated water is in the liquid of a sealed container. It may be placed in a body-impermeable compartment.

[0073] The oxygen removal material can be placed between the outer wall of the liquid-impermeable compartment and the inner wall of the container. The removed materials are ferrous compounds, catechol, ascorbate, ascorbic acid, sodium bicarbonate. Thorium, citrus extracts, oxidases, unsaturated hydrocarbons, polyamides, and combinations thereof It may include combinations.

[0074] The container is made of polyethylene terephthalate, stainless steel, and epoxy-lined carbon. It can be constructed from a material comprising at least one of the steels.

[0075] The container may also have indicators of oxygen contamination. These indicators include pH 7 and 25°C. The redox midpoint potential E is approximately -0.05V to +0.06V. 0 It may be equipped with visual indicators that have .

[0076] When used herein, "virgin ion exchange resin" material refers to unused or unconsumed material. This may refer to ion exchange resin materials. Virgin ion exchange resin materials are newly manufactured resins. Used trees treated to meet the specifications required for resin and / or new use. It may contain fat. For example, raw materials or unrefined resins can be treated with high-purity water. Used resin can be treated for new use. Used resin can also be treated with a strong acid or strong base. This allows it to be recycled for reuse. Virgin ion exchange resin material is cation exchange The system comprises anion exchange resin, anion exchange resin, and a mixture of cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin. Yes, it is possible.

[0077] In yet another embodiment, the process includes cleaning the virgin ion exchange resin material. A system and method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin materials are provided. On-exchange resin materials can be cleaned with a preparation containing a suitable cleaning agent.

[0078] As used herein, the "washed ion exchange resin" material refers to a non-water-soluble oxygen-containing impurity. This may refer to an ion exchange resin material that has been treated for the removal of substances. According to a particular embodiment, Non-water-soluble oxygen-containing impurities are oxygen-decomposing contaminants with water solubility of less than approximately 10.0 g / L. It is possible. Non-water-soluble oxygen-containing impurities are less than approximately 7.0 g / L, less than approximately 5.0 g / L, and approximately 4 Less than 0.0g / L, less than approximately 3.0g / L, less than approximately 2.0g / L, less than approximately 1.0g / L, and It may have a water solubility of less than approximately 0.5 g / L.

[0079] Washed ion exchange resins contain oxygen-containing impurities or contaminants at concentrations of less than approximately 50 ppb. It may have, which can be measured as oxygen-containing total organic carbon (TOC). Several embodiments Therefore, the washed ion exchange resin has an oxygen content of less than 40 ppb TOC and an acid content of less than 30 ppb. TOC containing oxygen, TOC containing less than 25 ppb of oxygen, TOC containing less than 20 ppb of oxygen, 1 TOC with less than 5 ppb of oxygen, TOC with less than 10 ppb of oxygen, or less than 5 ppb It may have an oxygen-containing TOC. The concentration of oxygen-containing TOC in ion exchange resins is generally, This may depend on the specific cleaning agent, the concentration of the cleaning agent in the preparation, and the cleaning method used.

[0080] Non-water-soluble oxygen-containing impurities are generally oxidative derivative molecules of resin materials. Depending on the application method, the ion exchange resin material may be a polystyrene-based resin material. Exemplary oxidative derivative molecules of lithylene-based resin materials include benzaldehyde and ammonium compounds. It contains cetophenone. Other derivative molecules oxidize polystyrene or other resins. These can result from degradation. Such oxidized molecules can also be removed by the methods disclosed herein. It may be possible to leave.

[0081] In certain embodiments, the ion exchange resin material comprises one or more antioxidants from the manufacture. For example, polystyrene-based resins may contain orthoxylene. Examples of oxidizing agents and oxidizing derivative molecules include 5-methyl-3-hexanone and methoxyphenyl Oximes, 2-methylbenzaldehyde, benzenemethaneimine, and tributylamine It contains . Other oxidative derivative molecules cause oxidative degradation of orthoxylene or other resin molecular species. Such oxidizing molecules may arise from the methods disclosed herein. It is possible.

[0082] In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing impurity is 5-methyl-3-hexanone, methoxy Phenyloxime, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, 2-methylbenzaldehyde, It may contain one or more benzenemethaneimines and tributylamines.

[0083] By rinsing the ion exchange resin material with water, water-soluble oxygen-containing impurities and contaminants are removed. It is possible to leave.

[0084] Embodiments disclosed herein involve combining ion exchange resin materials rinsed with deionized water. It can get crowded. Deoxygenated water is water that has been treated to remove molecular oxygen, such as dissolved oxygen. Generally, non-deoxygenated water contains more than approximately 1 ppm of dissolved molecular oxygen, and up to approximately 20 ppm. It may contain dissolved oxygen up to a certain level. Dissolved oxygen in water is affected by temperature, salinity, pH, conductivity, and dissolved solids. It can vary depending on the concentration and pressure changes. Dissolved oxygen concentration can be measured by a meter, sensor, and Wi-Fi. It can be measured by one or more of the following methods: Nckler titration and colorimetric method. The application methods include temperature, pressure, salinity, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, and water. The system may incorporate the measurement of one or more dissolved oxygen concentrations.

[0085] According to certain embodiments, the method disclosed herein generates deoxygenated water. It may also include. Deoxygenated water is obtained, for example, from a source of non-deoxygenated water by deoxygenating non-deoxygenated water. It can be produced by treating undeoxygenated water to remove dissolved oxygen. It can be produced by the following. In some embodiments, the deoxygenated non-deoxygenated water contains dissolved oxygen. At least about 75% of it can be removed. When non-deoxygenated water is deoxygenated, at least the dissolved oxygen and Approximately 75%, at least approximately 80%, at least approximately 85%, at least approximately 90%, and at least Approximately 95%, at least approximately 99%, or even approximately 100% can be removed from undeoxygenated water. When deoxygenated water is deoxygenated, approximately 90% to 100% of the dissolved oxygen is removed from non-deoxygenated water. Obtain. Non-deoxygenated water includes deionized water, ultrapure water, high-purity water, distilled water, microfiltered water, and ultrafiltered water. Water, reverse osmosis or UV-oxidized water, granular activated carbon treated water, or water from which contaminants are removed. This may include water that has been treated by other methods.

[0086] Undeoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by passing it through a deoxygenation membrane. For example, a deoxygenation membrane is Liqui-Cel(R) film contactor (3M Industrial, Maplewood, Minnesota) (Manufactured by the group) may be equipped. Simply put, the deoxygenation membrane is a mass transfer propulsion force for liquids Dissolved gases can be removed. According to Henry's Law, gases dissolved in a liquid at equilibrium... The amount is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in the gas phase in contact with the liquid. Standard temperature and pressure (25° Under C and 1 atm, equilibrium water contains approximately 8.5 ppm dissolved oxygen and 14.5 ppm dissolved nitrogen. It may contain elements and some dissolved carbon dioxide. It reduces the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the liquid. By doing so, the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid can be reduced accordingly. The partial pressure of the gas is the gas This can be reduced by lowering the total pressure of the phase or by changing the concentration of the gas in the gas phase. Each of these modifications is applied to the gas side of the membrane, removing dissolved gases from the liquid through the membrane. It can be released.

[0087] Non-deoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by vacuum degassing. Vacuum degassing is a process of vacuum degassing. This can be achieved in a tower or a dedicated vacuum chamber. The concentration of gas dissolved in the liquid is reduced by vacuum desorption. To lower the pressure using gas, the total pressure of the gas phase can be lowered by creating a vacuum in the gas. Mass transfer is performed by gas It can expel dissolved gases from the liquid in contact with it.

[0088] Non-deoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by exposing it to an oxygen-removing resin. The lipid may be contained in the column or other device. In some embodiments, an oxygen removal resin is used. It may include a catalyst. The catalyst may comprise a metal halide. In some embodiments, the catalyst It may contain sodium chloride. The catalyst is palladium or a palladium compound, for example, salt It may contain palladium oxide.

[0089] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein involve virgin ion exchange resin materials. Virgin iodine is used with deoxygenated water containing dissolved oxygen at a concentration effective in reducing the rate of oxidative degradation. This includes rinsing the replacement resin material. Generally, a decrease in the rate of oxidative degradation improves the stability of the resin and the liquid. Body purification ability, reduced rate of cross-linking degradation, reduced rate of impurity generation, improved purity of beads, and / or it may contribute to a reduction in the concentration of ionic contaminants in the treated liquid. For example, In some embodiments, the stabilized ion exchange resin is stored for a predetermined period, for example, at least Over a 6-month storage period, it may exhibit a reduced cross-linking degradation rate of approximately 90% to approximately 70%. The stabilized ion exchange resin showed approximately a 100% reduction in the crosslinking degradation rate and approximately a 9% reduction in the crosslinking degradation rate. 0% decrease, approximately 80% decrease in crosslink degradation rate, approximately 70% decrease in crosslink degradation rate, or crosslink degradation The rate may decrease by approximately 60%. The percentage decrease in degradation (and decrosslinking) depends on the presence of oxidation. The concentration of the agent, and the iron and other gold in or on the resin that act as catalysts for decomposition. It may depend on the concentration of the genus.

[0090] Non-water-soluble oxygen-containing impurities and contaminants are removed by washing the ion exchange resin material with a surfactant. It can be removed by doing so. In some embodiments, non-water-soluble oxygen-containing impurities and Contaminants can be removed with cleaning agents, such as nonionic cleaning agents.

[0091] Embodiments disclosed herein involve washing ion exchange in a preparation comprising a nonionic detergent. Resin materials can be incorporated. The preparation may be an aqueous preparation, or a buffer or other solvent. It may contain a medium. Detergents generally often contain a surfactant with cleaning properties in a diluted solution. Includes. In some embodiments, the nonionic detergent is polyoxyethylene (POE), Polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO), or uncharged parent It may contain a glycoside backbone having an aqueous head group. Suitable nonionic detergents include, for example, Ethoxylated octylphenol, polysorbate, polyoxyethylene and their It contains metabolites.

[0092] Detergents are often foaming agents. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant or detergent. This is the concentration at which micelles are formed. Therefore, at concentrations exceeding CMC This can lead to the surfactant starting to form bubbles, which can cause oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin. It contributes. According to a particular embodiment, the preparation contains surfactants at a concentration less than its CMC. It may contain a detergent. For example, according to a particular embodiment, the preparation contains about 0.125 g / L It may contain ethoxylated octylphenol at concentrations below a certain level. C of surfactant or detergent MC may vary depending on temperature and pressure. Exemplary CMC as disclosed herein. This is intended for preparation at approximately room temperature (25°C) and approximately atmospheric pressure.

[0093] As an addition or alternative, non-water-soluble oxygen-containing impurities and contaminants are ionized. The replacement resin material can be removed by washing it with an alcohol solvent.

[0094] Embodiments disclosed herein involve washing ion exchange with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent. Replacement resin materials may be incorporated. The preparation may be an aqueous preparation, or a buffer or Other solvents may be available. Alcohol solvents can be slightly polar, and they can be replaced with nonpolar hydrocarbons. It can be used as a solvent suitable for polar organic molecules and certain ionic compounds. Exemplary alcohols Examples of solvents include isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and Sodium octanol, methyl isobutylcarbinol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl Contains ethanol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, and aqueous ammonia. It is possible.

[0095] Isopropanol removes non-water-soluble contaminants while being almost completely absorbed by ion exchange resins. Because it is harmless, it can be used as a cleaning agent for solvents and ion exchange resins. Specific implementation Depending on the form, the preparation may contain less than 2.0% isopropanol. For example, the preparation This includes less than approximately 1.5% isopropanol, less than approximately 1.0% isopropanol, and approximately 0.5% It may contain less than % isopropanol, or less than approximately 0.25% isopropanol.

[0096] In some embodiments, the stabilized ion exchange resin is, for example, a small amount after a predetermined storage period. At least after a 6-month storage period, for example, aluminum, copper, iron, sodium, and lead Contains less than approximately 100 ppm of metal impurities (dry weight), and / or, for example, total organic carbon Contains less than 10 ppm of organic impurities (soaked material), including TOC, sulfates, and chlorides. Yes. Specifically, stabilized ion exchange resins have a concentration of approximately 50 ppm or less, and approximately 40 ppm. Below are approximately 30 ppm or less, approximately 20 ppm or less, approximately 10 ppm or less, approximately 5 ppm or less, and It may contain iron impurities of approximately 1 ppm or less. Stabilized ion exchange resins may contain approximately 5 ppm or less. May contain TOC, sulfate, or chloride impurities below approximately 4 ppm, approximately 3 ppm, TOC less than approximately 2 ppm, less than approximately 1 ppm, less than approximately 0.5 ppm, less than approximately 0.1 ppm It may contain sulfate or chloride impurities, or a TOC of less than about 1 ppb, and even less than about 0 It may have a TOC of less than 0.5 ppb. These concentrations are present when passing through the resin and / or tree. Analytically measured in the rinse water used to immerse the grease, the TOC in the effluent is determined. Level TOC can be measured down to less than 1 ppb, and even less than 0.5 ppb. Several implementations In this state, the stabilized ion exchange resin material stored for a predetermined storage period is, for example, a vi The cleanliness of the liquid, the concentration of impurities, and / or the concentration of ionic contaminants in the treated liquid, It may be substantially similar to new or recycled ion exchange resin materials.

[0097] The methods disclosed herein may include a predetermined storage period. The predetermined storage period is generally This may include any time the ion exchange resin is held in a sealed container. The storage period is the storage period. This includes any use for handling, transporting, or maintaining ion exchange resins in sealed containers. It may be. When used herein, a specified storage period is a storage period of at least about 15 days. Storage period of at least approximately 30 days, storage period of at least approximately 1 month, storage period of at least approximately 2 months Storage period, storage period of at least approximately 3 months, storage period of at least approximately 6 months, and Storage period of approximately 9 months, storage period of at least approximately 12 months, storage period of at least approximately 18 months This may include a period of time, or a storage period of at least approximately 24 months.

[0098] In some embodiments, the oxidative degradation rate of the virgin ion exchange resin material is virgin ion exchange resin The first volume of water treated with the ON-exchange resin material has a TOC of less than approximately 1 ppb ~ approximately 10 TOC can be reduced to include less than ppb. In some embodiments, virgin io After maintaining the ion exchange resin material in the container for a predetermined period, the virgin ion exchange resin material is used The first volume of treated water contains TOC between approximately 1 ppb and approximately 10 ppb. This can reduce the rate of oxidative degradation. For example, the first volume of water to be treated is approximately 3 TOC less than 0 ppb, TOC less than approximately 20 ppb, TOC less than approximately 10 ppb, approximately 5p TOC less than pb, TOC less than approximately 1 ppb, TOC less than approximately 0.5 ppb, or approximately 0 It may have a TOC of less than 0.1 ppb.

[0099] As disclosed herein, a first volume of water is treated by an ion exchange resin material. Once the ion exchange resin material is placed in a line for treating water, it is initially observed that This includes immersion or rinsing of the ion exchange resin material. In some embodiments, the processing is The concentration of contaminants in the first volume of water is measured from the water in contact with the ion exchange resin material. It can be determined. In other embodiments, the concentration of the contaminant in the first volume of water to be treated is For example, under contact with ion exchange resin material, water may be diluted or concentrated in a downstream process. It can be measured in flow. In some embodiments, the water is at least about 100, about 200, It can be diluted or concentrated approximately 300 times. In such embodiments, the diluted water or concentrated Based on the concentration of pollutants measured in the water, it is estimated that the water is undiluted or unconcentrated. The concentration of pollutants in the first volume of treated water can be determined. Therefore, this specification As disclosed, the concentration of contaminants in the first volume of treated water is undiluted and unconcentrated. This can refer to the concentration of the dyeing substance. The first volume of treated water is, for example, about 25 gallons to about 150 gallons. It may contain treated water between the rons. In some embodiments, it is undiluted and concentrated. The first volume of treated water is approximately 25 gallons, 50 gallons, 75 gallons, and 100 gallons. It is equipped with approximately 125 gallons or 150 gallons of treated water. Alternatively, ion exchange The first 15-20% of the rinse water passing through the resin material contains organic sulfates and organic salts. It may contain organic matter, including methyl compounds, at high ppb or low ppm levels.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first water treated with a virgin ion exchange resin material The rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced by including sulfates in a volume of less than approximately 10 ppb. The rate of degradation is affected by temperature, nuclear radiation, oxidation, and / or metals present on the resin. It is possible. In some embodiments, water treated with virgin ion exchange resin material The rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced by providing a first volume of chloride less than approximately 10 ppb. After maintaining the virgin ion exchange resin material in the container for a predetermined period, virgin ion exchange The first volume of water treated with the resin material contains less than approximately 10 ppb of sulfates and / or The rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced by having a chloride content of less than approximately 10 ppb. For example, The first volume of water to be treated contains less than approximately 30 ppb of sulfates or chlorides, and less than approximately 20 ppb. Full sulfate or chloride, less than approximately 10 ppb sulfate or chloride, less than approximately 5 ppb sulfur Salts or chlorides, sulfates or chlorides at 1 ppb, sulfates or chlorides at less than approximately 0.5 ppb It may contain chloride, or about 0.1 ppb of sulfate or chloride.

[0101] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material is stored in a container for a predetermined period, e.g. For example, it is treated with virgin ion exchange resin material that has been maintained for at least about 6 months. The first volume of water contains less than approximately 10 ppb of TOC, less than approximately 10 ppb of sulfate, and / or This can reduce the rate of oxidative degradation by including less than approximately 10 ppb of chloride.

[0102] In some embodiments, the deoxygenated water may contain less than approximately 0.1 ppm of dissolved oxygen. For example, Deoxygenated water contains approximately 0.1 ppm, approximately 50 ppb, approximately 40 ppb, and approximately 30 ppb. Less than b, less than approximately 20 ppb, less than approximately 10 ppb, less than approximately 8 ppb, less than approximately 6 ppb, approximately 5 Less than ppb, approximately less than 4 ppb, approximately less than 3 ppb, approximately less than 2 ppb, approximately less than 1 ppb, and It may have a dissolved oxygen level of less than approximately 0.5 ppb.

[0103] Deoxygenation removes other dissolved gases in the water, such as dissolved carbon dioxide, dissolved nitrogen, and Other ambient air gases can be removed. In some embodiments, the deoxygenated water is about 0. It may contain less than 1 ppm of dissolved carbon dioxide or dissolved nitrogen. For example, deoxygenated water contains about 0 ppm. Less than 1 ppm, less than approximately 50 ppb, less than approximately 40 ppb, less than approximately 30 ppb, approximately 20 ppb Less than, less than approximately 10 ppb, less than approximately 8 ppb, less than approximately 6 ppb, less than approximately 5 ppb, about 4 ppb Less than b, less than approximately 3 ppb, less than approximately 2 ppb, less than approximately 1 ppb, or less than approximately 0.5 ppb It may contain dissolved carbon dioxide or dissolved nitrogen.

[0104] The methods disclosed herein involve treating deoxygenated or undeoxygenated water to remove oxidizing contaminants. This may include removing small amounts of other oxidizing contaminants, e.g., deoxygenated or undeoxygenated water. For example, it may comprise chloramine and / or hydrogen peroxide. Deoxygenated water or undeoxygenated water. The treatment is performed using membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, high-purity reducing agents (such as sodium bisulfite), or granular activated carbon. This process can remove oxidizing contaminants such as chlorine. In some embodiments, deoxygenated water is used. Non-deoxygenated water may contain less than approximately 0.1 ppm of chlorine. For example, deoxygenated water may contain approximately 0. Less than 1 ppm, less than approximately 50 ppb, less than approximately 40 ppb, less than approximately 30 ppb, approximately 20 ppb Less than, less than approximately 10 ppb, less than approximately 8 ppb, less than approximately 6 ppb, less than approximately 5 ppb, about 4 ppb Less than b, less than approximately 3 ppb, less than approximately 2 ppb, less than approximately 1 ppb, or less than approximately 0.5 ppb It may contain chlorine, chloramine, and hydrogen peroxide.

[0105] The method disclosed herein involves a virgin ion exchange resin material in a gas-impermeable container. By introducing deoxygenated water, the virgin ion exchange resin material is rinsed, and then removed from the container. This may include removing pore (oxygen) water. For example, it may involve a virgin ion exchange resin material. The container is filled with deoxygenated water, the deoxygenated water is substantially drained, and the oxygenated water is replaced with deoxygenated water. Obtain. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein involve rinsing virgin iodine. This may include maintaining the water content in the replacement resin material. Water content can refer to the amount of liquid or water contained in a material. For example, the ratio of the mass of water to the mass of the solid in the sample (e.g., ion exchange resin). Interstitial moisture can be defined as the water in the voids between individual resin beads. Moisture is the moisture or hydration within the resin beads, measured as a percentage of moisture. Plastics (and other materials) have an inherent moisture content within the material that can dry, resulting in differences in weight. The oxygenation is measured. The deoxygenation portion of the method disclosed herein places both locations of oxygenated water. Replace, or remove.

[0106] In some embodiments, the method involves adding a small amount of ions to the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. This includes maintaining a moisture content of at least 20%. The method involves rinsing ion exchange resin material. at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50% This may include maintaining a moisture content of %, at least about 60%, or at least about 70%. In some embodiments, the method involves the water content in the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. This method involves maintaining the amount in the rinsed ion exchange resin material below approximately 50%. Moisture content is approximately less than 80%, less than 70%, less than 60%, less than 50%, less than 40%, This may include maintaining the amount below approximately 30%. In some embodiments, the method involves soot The moisture content in the virgin ion exchange resin material is approximately 20% to 80%, and approximately 30% to 60%. , or maintain at approximately 40% to 50%. While the container is sealed, for example, Containers containing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material are handled, stored, or transported. While this is being done, the residual water content can be maintained in the virgin ion exchange resin material. In the embodiment, the water content is related to the stabilization of the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material over time. It can contribute. For example, the water content contributes to reducing the rate of oxidative degradation of virgin ion exchange resin materials. I can agree.

[0107] Resins with a higher degree of crosslinking can hinder the advantage of oxidative degradation. Because it contains chemical substances, the TOC level will decrease for a certain period of time. This has an effect on the resin. It can be neutralized by continued exposure to the chemical agent.

[0108] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein involve opening a container and consuming virgin iodine. This method may further include rinsing the replacement resin material. This method may further include, as described above, After maintaining the ion exchange resin material in the container for a predetermined period, the container is opened and virgin ions are released. This may include rinsing the ion exchange resin material. For example, the method may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material After maintaining the contents in the container for at least approximately 6 months, the container should be opened, and virgin ion exchange This may further include rinsing the replacement resin material. This method involves opening the container and using the bar before use. The process may further include rinsing the ion exchange resin material. The virgin ion exchange resin material is It can be rinsed with deoxygenated water before use. In some embodiments, virgin ion exchange resin Before use, the material should be disinfected with any concentration of dissolved oxygen, dissolved gas, or other gases previously disclosed herein. It can be rinsed with deoxygenated water containing oxidizing contaminants. Virgin ion exchange resin material is used. Previously, rinse with deoxygenated water produced by any of the methods previously disclosed herein. It is possible.

[0109] In another embodiment, a method is provided for facilitating water treatment at a location where it is needed. Places where this is needed include, for example, nuclear power plants, microelectronics manufacturing, and semiconductor manufacturing. Manufacturing, food production, pharmaceutical production, chemical processing, and metal extraction or ion-exchange water treatment technologies. This could be relevant to any location requiring water treatment where there is potential to benefit.

[0110] A method to facilitate on-site water treatment is to rinse with deoxygenated water, as described above in this specification. This may include providing a virgin ion exchange resin material that has been rinsed of virgin ions. The replacement resin material may be supplied in a sealed, gas-impermeable container. In some embodiments... The rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material is provided to the liquid-impermeable compartment of the sealed container. This method further allows for the removal of one of the following: preservatives, oxygen-removing materials, or indicators of oxygen contamination. This may include providing the top in a sealed container.

[0111] A method to facilitate on-site water treatment is, as described above in this specification, washed in deoxygenated water. This may include providing virgin ion exchange resin materials. Washed virgin ion exchange resin The material may be a polystyrene-based ion exchange resin material. As mentioned above, poly The resin-based material decomposes, releasing oxygen-containing impurities and contaminants into total organic carbon (TOC). ) can be formed in the form of a washed virgin ion exchange tree. In some embodiments, a washed virgin ion exchange tree is provided. The lipid material may contain less than approximately 25 ppb of oxygen-containing TOC species. For example, the provided washed Virgin ion exchange resin material has an oxygen content of less than approximately 20 ppb and less than approximately 15 ppb. The oxygen-containing TOC, the oxygen-containing TOC less than about 10 ppb, or the oxygen-containing TOC less than about 5 ppb may be present.

[0112] The washed virgin ion exchange resin material can be placed in a sealed gas-impermeable container. In some embodiments, the washed virgin ion exchange resin material can be provided in a liquid-impermeable compartment of the sealed container. This method may further include providing one or more of a preservative, an oxygen-removing material, or an indicator of oxygen contamination within the sealed container. The washed virgin ion exchange resin material can be rinsed with deoxygenated water before or after washing.

[0113] Generally, a method for facilitating on-site water treatment can include washing a virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water to produce a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. Additionally or alternatively, this method can include washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with a surfactant, a detergent, or an alcohol solvent. This method can include introducing the virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable container, sealing the container, and purging oxygen from the container, as previously described herein. A method for facilitating water treatment can include providing a gas-impermeable container with the rinsed and / or washed virgin ion exchange resin material and residual moisture to a location such as, for example, a water treatment site. In some embodiments, a method for facilitating water treatment can further include providing procedures regarding the use of a container containing the virgin ion exchange resin material. As previously mentioned, maintaining the residual moisture content can include maintaining the moisture content of the rinsed ion exchange resin. For example, the residual moisture content can include a moisture content of from about 40% to about 50%. The residual moisture content is such that

[0114] As described above, maintaining the residual moisture content can include maintaining the moisture content of the rinsed ion exchange resin. For example, the residual moisture content can include a moisture content of from about 40% to about 50%. The residual moisture content is​​ Approximately 20% to 80%, 30% to 60%, and so on, in the degraded virgin ion exchange resin material. It may contain a moisture content of approximately 40% to approximately 50%, or any of the aforementioned moisture content.

[0115] In some embodiments, a method for facilitating water treatment where it is needed is deionization. Virgin ion exchange with water, for example, deionized water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than approximately 10 ppb. This may include rinsing the resin material. In some embodiments, virgin ion exchange resin material The material is dissolved oxygen, dissolved gas, or acid in any concentration, as previously disclosed herein. It can be rinsed with deoxygenated water containing chemical contaminants.

[0116] In some embodiments, methods for facilitating water treatment where it is needed include, for example, A preparation having a nonionic detergent at a lower concentration than that CMC, for virgin ion exchange resin material This may include washing the material. For example, this method may be used for ingesting an amount of less than approximately 0.125 g / L. The virgin ion exchange resin material is washed with a preparation containing toxylated octylphenol. This may include the following: In some embodiments, the method may include a preparation comprising, for example, an alcohol solvent. This may include cleaning the virgin ion exchange resin material with a substance. For example, this method may involve about 0 Wash virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation containing isopropanol at a concentration of less than 0.5%. This may include purification. In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material is the present invention Any concentration of surfactant, detergent, or alcohol solvent as previously disclosed in the details It can be washed with a preparation having [a certain characteristic].

[0117] According to certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein further provide a procedure This may include: The method involves maintaining virgin ion exchange resin material in a sealed container for a predetermined period of time. This may include providing procedures for doing so. For example, the method may be tightly sealed until ready to use. This may include providing a procedure for maintaining virgin ion exchange resin material within a sealed container. The specified period is any length of storage time required before use of the ion exchange resin, and handling. This may include time and / or transit time. The specified period is as described above in this specification. , which may include any predetermined period.

[0118] The methods disclosed herein provide procedures for maintaining a sealed container under specific conditions. This may include, for example, a method of providing a container with a cation exchange resin for at least about 21 Below 0°F (99°C), at least below approximately 200°F (93°C), or at least This may include providing procedures for maintaining a temperature below approximately 190°F (88°C). The method includes a container containing an anion exchange resin or a mixture of an anion exchange resin and a cation exchange resin. Keep the container below at least approximately 130°F (54°C) or at least approximately 120°F (49°C). This may include providing a procedure to maintain the temperature below C) and then lower it to ambient temperature. The method may include providing a procedure for maintaining a sealed container at ambient pressure. Avoid temperature increases exceeding 10°C, for example, exceeding 7°C or 5°C. This may include providing procedures for doing so.

[0119] In some embodiments, the method involves opening the container and, for example, before use, sterilizing the virgin ions. This specification may further include providing a procedure for rinsing the replacement resin material with deoxygenated water. As mentioned above, virgin ion exchange resin material is subjected to dissolved oxygen, dissolved gas, and or can be rinsed with deoxygenated water containing oxidizing contaminants. The methods disclosed herein can include procedures for rinsing virgin ion exchange resin material just before use. In some embodiments the method can include procedures for rinsing virgin ion exchange resin material just before use while the ion exchange resin is still contained within the container. For example, the method can include filling the container with deoxygenated water, removing interstitial water from the container, and thus providing procedures for rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. The method can include, for example, before use in water treatment opening the container and providing procedures for rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. including filling the container with deoxygenated water, removing interstitial water from the container, and thus providing procedures for rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. The method can include, for example, before use in water treatment opening the container and providing procedures for rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. including filling the container with deoxygenated water, removing interstitial water from the container, and thus providing procedures for rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. The method can include, for example, before use in water treatment opening the container and providing procedures for rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. can include.

[0120] In some embodiments, a method for facilitating water treatment can include procedures for returning the container after removal of the ion exchange resin material. Such procedures can reduce waste of the container and reduce operating time. In some embodiments, a method for facilitating water treatment can include procedures for returning the container after removal of the ion exchange resin material. Such procedures can reduce waste of the container and reduce operating time. can reduce.

[0121] According to another aspect, a container is provided that includes a virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water. In some embodiments, the container can be sealed. The container can include an opening portion having a sealing seal. The container can further include an inlet and an outlet. The inlet and the outlet can include an airtight seal. The inlet can be connected to a source of ion exchange resin material or a source of deoxygenated water. The outlet can be connected to a drain pipe for deoxygenated water or a location where the ion exchange resin material is used. For example, the outlet can be connected to a hose configured to deliver the ion exchange resin material to a location where it is used. [[ID=3,1]]The container can include an opening portion having a sealing seal. The container can further include an inlet and an outlet. The inlet and the outlet can include an airtight seal. The inlet can be connected to a source of ion exchange resin material or a source of deoxygenated water. The outlet can be connected to a drain pipe for deoxygenated water or a location where the ion exchange resin material is used. For example, the outlet can be connected to a hose configured to deliver the ion exchange resin material to a location where it is used. The inlet can be connected to a source of ion exchange resin material or a source of deoxygenated water. The outlet can be connected to a drain pipe for deoxygenated water or a location where the ion exchange resin material is used. For example, the outlet can be connected to a hose configured to deliver the ion exchange resin material to a location where it is used. For example, the outlet can be connected to a hose configured to deliver the ion exchange resin material to a location where it is used. can be continued. [[ID=,40]]

[0122] The container is a container, tank configured to hold ion exchange resin and deoxygenated water can be a barrel, tub, chamber, or receptacle. The container generally has a volume of about 2 0 cubic feet (0.57 m 3 ) to about 50 cubic feet (1.42 m 3 ). For example, the volume of the container can be about 20 cubic feet (0.57 m ), 25 cubic feet (0 3 ), 25 cubic feet (0 .71 m 3 ), 30 cubic feet (0.85 m 3 ), 35 cubic feet (1.0 m 3 ), 40 cubic feet (1.13 m 3 ), 45 cubic feet (1.27 m 3 ), or 50 cubic feet (1.42 m 3 ). The container can generally have a volume that observes the headspace limitations associated with the location where the ion exchange resin material is required.

[0123] In some embodiments, the container can be constructed from a gas-impermeable material. The container can be composed of a material with a high flash point. For example, the container can be constructed from or lined with at least one of stainless steel and epoxy-lined carbon steel, or can be lined with polyethylene terephthalate. Conventionally, storage and transport containers for ion exchange resins can be constructed from fiber, plastic, or wood. Such materials are relatively inexpensive but are not gas-impermeable and can contribute to the oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin material within the container. Further, conventional materials have a low flash point in some cases and are not safe and / or desirable in certain locations where the ion exchange resin material is required.

[0124] The container may have one or more compartments. According to a particular embodiment, the container is liquid-impermeable. It may be equipped with compartments. The virgin ion exchange resin and deoxygenated water are packed in a liquid-impermeable compartment. Obtain. The liquid-impermeable compartment provides a headspace or void space between the resin beads and the water. It may not be practically necessary to provide it. In some embodiments, the liquid-impermeable compartment is a deoxygenated water compartment. In its morphology, it may have a water content of approximately 40% to approximately 50%. In some embodiments, it is liquid-impermeable. The compartments may also be gas-impermeable. Liquid-impermeable compartments are made of the gas-impermeable material described above. It can be constructed from. Alternatively, the liquid-impermeable compartment can be made of a polymer material that is liquid-impermeable. Alternatively, it can be constructed from a metal material. In some embodiments, one or more compartments are connected to the container. It is a body. In other embodiments, one or more compartments are removable from the container. For example The liquid-impermeable compartment containing the ion exchange resin is a removable ion exchange resin packet from the container. It could be an outfit.

[0125] In some embodiments, the container contains dissolved oxygen of any concentration as described herein. The system may include deoxygenated water containing dissolved gases or oxidizing contaminants. In some embodiments, The container may contain deoxygenated water in a void volume. In some embodiments, the container contains residual water For example, the water content may be as previously described herein, and this may include deoxygenated water.

[0126] A container or its compartment may have a void space of a predetermined volume, for example, a container or compartment The image shows the void space between ion exchange resin beads and / or headspace. It may be provided. In some embodiments, the void space is limited. Container or compartment This means that there may be virtually no headspace between the resin beads, and / or it may not be limited to It may have gaps. Limiting the gaps allows for storage, handling, or transport within the container. This may contribute to the stability of the ion exchange resin.

[0127] In some embodiments, the container may contain a preservative. The container may contain a packaged drying medium. It is possible. For example, the container may include a packaged desiccant contained within the container. The drying medium may be configured to remove oxygen from the void space within the container. In this embodiment, the desiccant / deoxygenating medium is a fiber having a porous design that allows for oxygen exchange. It is packaged inside a pillow.

[0128] Preservatives or desiccants / deoxidizing media may be oxygen-removing materials. Containers may be oxygen-removing materials. It may be equipped with. The oxygen removal material can remove or reduce the level of oxygen in a sealed container. It may be possible. In some embodiments, the oxygen removal material is in the form of an oxygen-scavenging compound. It is possible. For example, the oxygen removal material may be an oxidizing compound. In some embodiments, The oxygen removal materials are ferrous compounds, catechol, ascorbates, ascorbic acid, and carbonic acid. Sodium hydrogen, citrus extracts, oxidases, unsaturated hydrocarbons, polyamides, or similar It comprises a combination of these. The oxygen removal material may further contain a catalyst that promotes oxidation. For example The oxygen removal material may include a metal halide catalyst. The oxygen removal material is sodium chloride. Or it may contain palladium.

[0129] The oxygen removal material can be packaged in a gas-permeable container. The gas-permeable container is also water-permeable. It may be water-impermeable. Gas-permeable containers include gas-permeable pouches, perforated containers, cloth containers, and thick... It may include a paper container or a polymer container. In other embodiments, an oxygen removal material It may be part of the packaging film or structure. For example, the oxygen removal material may be part of the container structure. It may be lined or part of it. The gas permeable container holds the ion exchange resin. It can be attached to a liquid-impermeable compartment. In some embodiments, the gas-permeable container is It may be contained on a layered strip around a liquid-impermeable compartment. In some embodiments, the liquid A portion of the impermeable compartment may be removable to expose the oxygen removal material.

[0130] The container may be equipped with an indicator of oxygen contamination. In some embodiments, the indicator is on a transparent package. A redox indicator may be contained within the compound. In the case of the reduced form, the redox indicator may take on a first color. When exposed to a predetermined concentration of an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen, the redox indicator is oxidized and changes to a second color. It can change. Therefore, redox indicators can provide a visual indicator of oxygen contamination in a container. An indicator of oxygen contamination is that it reacts with potential oxidizing agents inside the container, but from outside the container. For example, it can be positioned so that it is visible through a window. Therefore, the indicator is the sealing of the container. It can be made visible without opening it.

[0131] An indicator of oxygen contamination is a redox reaction of approximately -0.05V to +0.06V at pH 7 and 25°C. Original midpoint potential E 0 It may have. For example, an indicator of oxygen contamination is approximately -0 at pH 7 and 25°C. From 0.05V to approximately -0.04V, from approximately -0.02V to approximately +0.02V, or approximately +0.05V V to the redox midpoint potential E of +0.06V 0 It may have. An indicator of oxygen pollution is, for example, It may contain digotetrasulfonic acid, methylene blue, or thionine.

[0132] Preservatives, oxygen-removing materials, or indicators of oxygen contamination are specified in the container, either independently or together. It may be placed in the designated compartment. In some embodiments, it may contain a preservative, an oxygen-removing material, or an acid The indicator of contamination is inside a gas-impermeable container, but it also contains ion exchange resin and deoxygenated water. It may be placed outside the liquid-impermeable compartment. Generally, it may contain preservatives, oxygen-removing materials, or acid The indicators of raw contamination can be placed so as not to come into direct contact with moisture. Therefore, several practical In terms of application methods, preservatives, oxygen removal materials, or indicators of oxygen contamination are ion exchange resins and de-icing agents. It can be placed between the outer wall of a liquid-impermeable compartment that holds oxygenated water and the inner wall of a gas-impermeable container. ru.

[0133] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material may be a cation exchange resin. In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material is an anion exchange resin. In another embodiment, the virgin ion exchange resin material is a cation exchange resin and It may be mixed with nion exchange resin. Storage conditions of the container, e.g., temperature, pressure, and / or Alternatively, the concentration of dissolved gas in the deoxygenated water varies depending on the type of ion exchange resin contained in the container. It is possible. For example, generally, the continuous flow of anionic resin to free chlorine exceeding approximately 0.05 ppm Direct exposure should be avoided. At supply temperatures of approximately 5°C to 10°C, standard cross-linked anions The resin can withstand free chlorine levels up to approximately 0.3 ppm, and is highly resistant to high temperatures. Cross-linked anionic resins can withstand free chlorine levels up to approximately 0.5 ppm. Macroporous anionic resins can withstand free chlorine levels up to approximately 1 ppm. It may be possible. At a supply temperature of approximately 20°C to 30°C, standard cross-linked anions The resin may be able to withstand free chlorine levels of less than 0.1 ppm and is highly crosslinked. The anionic resin can withstand free chlorine levels up to approximately 0.1 ppm. Furthermore, macroporous anionic resin can withstand free chlorine levels up to approximately 0.5 ppm. It may be possible to obtain some cation exchange resins, for example, from Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. The possible DIAION(R) SK1B resin can withstand temperatures of approximately 5°C to 10°C and can withstand temperatures of approximately 0.6 m g / L free chlorine resistance and approximately 0.1 mg / L free chlorine at temperatures between approximately 20°C and 25°C. It may have chlorine resistance. For example, the presence of catalytic activity such as iron or copper can significantly degrade the resin. This method can reduce the level of oxidizing agents to which the resin may be exposed without causing damage.

[0134] In another embodiment, a container comprising a virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water is provided. A stem is provided. The container may be gas-impermeable and sealable, as mentioned above. The container may be connected, or can be connected, downstream of the deoxygenated water supply source. It may be connected, or can be connected, downstream of the source of the ion exchange resin material. In that embodiment, the container may be connected to, or can be connected to, the drain pipe for used deoxygenated water. It may be possible. The container, for example, via a hose, is used in the virgin ion exchange resin material. It may be connected to the upstream of, or is capable of being connected to.

[0135] In some embodiments, the system includes an oxygen monitor. The oxygen monitor is located in the container. It can be connected and configured to measure the oxygen concentration inside the container. The system includes a degasser, For example, an in-line degassing device may be provided. The degassing device may be a deoxygenating membrane. For example, The oxygen membrane is Liqui-Cel(R) membrane contactor (3M Industrial Group, Maple). It may be supplied by Luwood, Minnesota. The degassing equipment may be a vacuum degassing device. The degassing device may be a column or other device containing an oxygen removal resin. The oxygen removal resin is pre As described above, it may include an oxygen removal material. In some embodiments, the oxygen removal resin includes a catalyst. It is possible. The catalyst may contain a metal halide. In some embodiments, the catalyst is sodium chloride. It may contain palladium. The catalyst is palladium or a palladium compound, for example, palladium chloride. It may contain mu. The degassing device may be or can be fluidly connected upstream of the container. The degassing device may be or can be fluidly connected downstream of the source of undeoxygenated water. It can be configured to deoxygenate non-deoxygenated water.

[0136] The system further includes sensors or monitors, such as pressure sensors or thermometers. It may be equipped with a sensor and / or monitor located upstream of the container, and deoxygenated water or It is configured to measure the temperature, pressure, pH, conductivity, and / or composition of undeoxygenated water. Sensors and / or monitors can be electrically connected to the control module. The control module responds to the measurements received from the sensors and / or monitors, A control module may be configured to control one or more parameters of an inline degassing device. The module can be connected to an oxygen monitor. The control module receives measurements from the oxygen monitor. It may be configured to control one or more parameters of an inline degasser according to a constant value. ru.

[0137] As shown in Figure 1, the container 100 is equipped with virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water. The container 100 may have an opening 110, an inlet 120, and an outlet 130. The inlet and / or outlet may be sealed. The inlet is a source of deoxygenated water 14 It may be connected to a source of 0 or ion exchange resin material 150. The outlet is a drain pipe 16 It may be possible to connect it to the location where the ion exchange resin material 170 is used.

[0138] As shown in Figure 2, the system 200 has an opening 110, an inlet 120, and an outlet 130 The system may include a container 100 having an oxygen monitor 210, a degasser 220, and The system may further include a sensor or monitor 230 and a control module 240.

[0139] As shown in Figure 3, the container 100 holds virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water. It may have a compartment 105 configured to hold a preservative or oxygen-removing material. 180 may be placed in the gap space outside compartment 105. The oxygen contamination indicator 190 is in the container It can be seen through the 100 observation windows 195. The container in Figure 3 is in fluid communication with container 180. It may have an inlet and outlet (not shown) for ion exchange resin and defrosting. For example, the container may have an inlet and outlet (not shown) for ion exchange resin and defrosting. It may include a liquid-impermeable container for holding oxygenated water and an inlet or outlet that communicates with the fluid. [Examples]

[0140] (Example 1: Application of a gas-impermeable container equipped with a cationic resin) In one exemplary application, a cation exchange resin used in denitrification applications is prepared by the resin before use. There was a problem with sulfates leaching out. Traditionally, the resin was rinsed before being put into operation. The wash water is discharged into a radioactive hotwell. The radioactive hotwell contains acceptable phosphorus. There are limitations on the amount of water available. Furthermore, treating radioactive water from hotwells is expensive.

[0141] Using a gas-impermeable container comprising ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water, for example, There is no limit to the amount of rinse water produced; ion exchange is performed before use in the non-high temperature region of the plant. It may be possible to rinse the resin. The rinse water can flow into a common drainpipe, and the resin can get into the hose. Therefore, it can be transported to a container in a radioactive area.

[0142] (Example 2: Stability of stored virgin ion exchange resin material) Testing whether various methods reduce or prevent the degradation of ion exchange resins. An experiment was conducted. After treating the ion exchange resin and storing it for a specified period, the degradation of the resin was tested. The concentration of organic sulfuric acid compounds (SO4) was used to determine the degree of resin degradation under UV light. The measurement was performed by adsorption. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0143] As described above, experimental lot (E) was rinsed with deoxygenated water and then placed in a gas-impermeable container equipped with an oxygen-absorbing bag. The product was packed into a container. The comparison lot (C) was processed and stored using various conventional methods.

[0144] [Table 1]

[0145] The results show that when ion exchange resins are treated and stored by the methods disclosed herein, It shows a decrease in the rate of degradation. The experimental sample has a significantly lower SO2 than the measured comparison sample. 4. It showed an increasing rate. Therefore, the experimental sample was compared to the conventional ion exchange resin sample. When measured comparatively, it was found to be 20 to 1500 times more stable. Therefore, this specification The method disclosed herein improves the stability of ion exchange resins after long-term storage.

[0146] (Example 3: Effect of temperature on stored virgin ion exchange resin material) The experiment was conducted to test the rate of degradation of the ion exchange resin as the temperature increased. The ion exchange resin was heated in 500 mL of water for one week while bubbling air into the solution. The test was performed by measuring total organic carbon (TOC). Table 2 shows the ions maintained at room temperature. This shows the equivalent amount of decomposition of the replacement resin.

[0147] [Table 2]

[0148] Compared to holding the ion exchange resin at room temperature for the same amount of time, every 10°C temperature increase The decomposition rate doubled. Therefore, temperature does not negatively affect the decomposition rate of ion exchange resin. It appears to affect temperatures above 10°C. By limiting the increase in this factor, deterioration can be reduced or prevented.

[0149] (Example 4: TOC reduction test) Batch testing was conducted to determine the appropriate cleaning agent for the ion exchange resin. This is 150 mL of industrial-grade chloride-form polystyrene in 400 mL of deionized water. The base contained anion exchange resin and sample cleaning agents (in various concentrations). The sample was stirred at 60°C and 150 rpm for 2 hours. After stirring, the ion exchange resin sample was... The sample was rinsed with deionized water. The sample was then subjected to UV / Vis spectroscopy after stirring for 1 and 2 hours. The samples were then tested by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry.

[0150] The cleaning agents tested were isopropanol, ammonia, and ethoxylated octylphenol. Lu (Triton) TM X-100, Sigma-Aldrich Sales, St. Louis, Missouri ), ammonia peroxide (oxidizing agent control), ethanolamine, methanol, and sodium percarbonate It was thorium. An additional control was tested with high-purity deionized water. It was found after treatment. The final concentration of TOC in the resin after washing was determined by adding the concentrations of oxygen-containing TOC species. The results are shown in Figures 4 and 5A-C.

[0151] Simply put, as shown in Figure 4, treatment with isopropanol is acidic compared to the water control. Reducing the concentration of oxygen-containing TOC and treating with ammonia resulted in oxygen-containing TOC compared to a water control. Reducing the concentration of C and treating with ethoxylated octylphenol yielded similar results to the water control. Treatment with ammonia peroxide control also yielded similar results to treatment with water control. Treatment with tanolamine slightly increased the concentration of oxygen-containing TOC compared to the water control. Treatment with methanol slightly increased the concentration of oxygen-containing TOC compared to the water control. Treatment with percarbonate significantly increased the concentration of oxygen-containing TOC compared to the water control.

[0152] It should be noted that the test concentration exceeded the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the specific detergent. Therefore, ethoxylated octylphenol, ethanolamine, and methylamine. Each cleaning agent in the product line should be used at low concentrations, for example, below the critical micelle concentration (in the case of cleaning agents). In this case, it is believed that it can provide better results than a water control.

[0153] As shown in Figures 5A-C, percarbonate, isopropanol, and ethoxylated octyl Phenol was tested at two concentrations for comparison: 1 g and 1.91 g. Results of washing preparations containing percarbonate at concentrations of 2.5 g / L and 4.775 g / L, respectively. This is shown in Figure 5A. Percarbonate was found to be present in the ion exchange resin at all test and extrapolated concentrations. It is thought to increase oxidative degradation.

[0154] 1 mL and 1.325 mL (0.25% and 0.33% respectively) of isopropanol The results for the washing preparation containing the solution are shown in Figure 5B. Which isopropanol concentration was tested? It also yielded excellent results. However, at lower concentrations of isopropanol, Slightly better results were obtained. For example, when washed with 0.33% isopropanol, 0.16 μg of acetophenone was detected. Washing with 0.25% isopropanol revealed... 0.14 μg of acetophenone was detected.

[0155] 0.1g and 0.2g (0.25g / L and 0.5g / L, respectively) of ethoxyl The results for washing preparations containing octylphenol are shown in Figure 5C. Lower concentrations Ethoxylated octylphenol yielded better results. For example, 0.5g / Washing with L-rated ethoxylated octylphenol detected 0.3 μg of acetophenone. Washing with 0.25 g / L ethoxylated octylphenol yielded 0.12 μg Acetophenone was detected. The data shown in Figure 5C is for 0.05g (0.125g / Extrapolating to the concentration of ethoxylated octylphenol (L), the concentration of oxygen-containing TOC is large. The level decreases to a negligible amount. 0.125 g / L ethoxylated octyl Note that phenol is the critical micelle concentration.

[0156] Therefore, many of the tested cleaning agents remove oxygen-containing impurities from ion exchange resins. It is possible to do so. Isopropanol and ethoxyoctylphenol can be used at lower concentrations. To better remove impurities. In particular, ethoxyoctylphenol, its critical micelle concentration The following are considered to provide excellent impurity removal. Based on the cleaning agents tested, Other soluble alcohols and nonionic detergents provide similar results at dilution concentrations. This is what is expected.

[0157] The usage and terminology used herein are for illustrative purposes only and not to limit. It should not be considered as such. As used herein, the term “plural” means two or more. Refers to the item or component above. Meaning: "to include," "to perform," "to have." The terms “contain” and “include” may be used in the specification or claims, etc. Nevertheless, it is an open-ended term, meaning "includes but not limited to." To taste. Therefore, the use of such terms is equivalent to the items listed thereafter. It means to include the thing, as well as additional items. In relation to the claims, "consisting of" and Only the transitional phrase "substantially consists of" is either closed or semi-closed, respectively. This is a transitional clause. It is a clause within a claim that modifies the claim elements, such as "first," "second," The use of ordinal terms such as "third" does not, in itself, indicate the priority or superiority of a particular claim element. Or, the order means that the order takes precedence over the time order in which other elements or the actions of a certain procedure are performed. It doesn't have a taste, but it distinguishes a specific named claim element from another element with the same name. (However, in order to use common terminology), as labels to distinguish claim elements It is used.

[0158] Those skilled in the art will see that the parameters and configurations described herein are illustrative and that actual parameters may vary. The data and / or configuration depend on the specific application in which the disclosed methods and materials are used. It should be understood that... Those skilled in the art can also open... Equivalents to the specific embodiments shown should be recognized or understandable. For example, a person skilled in the art will see that the method and its components according to this disclosure are disclosed herein. A network or system including an ion exchange resin or gas-impermeable container further It can be recognized that it is possible to have. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are examples. Please understand that this is presented and is within the scope of the attached claims and their equivalents. The disclosed embodiments may be implemented in ways other than those specifically described. The term "method" refers to each of the individual features, systems, or methods described herein. Furthermore, any combination of two or more such features, systems, or methods. Such features, systems, or methods are within the scope of this disclosure, provided they are not mutually inconsistent. The steps of the methods disclosed herein are included in the order shown or an alternative order. The actions that may be performed, the methods may include additional or alternative actions, or one or more of the illustrated actions. This can be omitted and implemented.

[0159] Furthermore, it will be understood that those skilled in the art will readily come up with various changes, modifications, and improvements. Such changes, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure. This is intended to be within the intent and scope of this disclosure. In other examples, existing equipment This utilizes any one or more aspects of the methods and systems described herein. Alternatively, it can be modified to incorporate existing systems. Therefore, in some cases, the system can be modified to incorporate existing systems. A method is implemented to reduce the rate of oxidative degradation of ion exchange resin by connecting or configuring equipment. Or, as described herein, to house an ion exchange resin or a gas-impermeable container. or may include using. Therefore, the above description and figures are for illustrative purposes only. Furthermore, the depictions in the figures do not limit disclosure to any specific illustrated representation.

[0160] While exemplary embodiments of this disclosure have been disclosed, as described in the following claims: Many modifications, additions, etc., may be made without departing from the intent and scope of this disclosure and its equivalents. And deletion may occur.

Claims

1. A method for facilitating water treatment in places where it is needed, A step of producing a cleaned virgin ion exchange resin material by washing a virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising a nonionic detergent at a concentration less than the critical micelle concentration of the nonionic detergent measured at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, wherein the nonionic detergent comprises ethoxylated octylphenol, and the preparation comprises less than 0.125 g / L of ethoxylated octylphenol. The process includes the step of providing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material that has been rinsed with deoxygenated water, The method wherein the washed virgin ion exchange resin material is a polystyrene-based ion exchange resin material.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of providing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water in a liquid-impermeable compartment of a sealed gas-impermeable container.

3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the step of providing an oxygen removal material disposed between the outer wall of the liquid-impermeable compartment and the inner wall of the gas-impermeable container.

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising the step of providing an oxygen contamination indicator comprising an oxidation-reduction indicator in the gas-impermeable container.

5. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of providing the deoxygenated water in an amount equal to 40% to 50% of the washed virgin ion exchange resin material.

6. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of providing deoxygenated water having less than 10 ppb of dissolved oxygen.

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