Billing device and billing method

Abstract

To provide a technique capable of properly setting a unit price of energy traded in a smart grid.SOLUTION: A charging device 10 sets an internal unit price as a unit price of energy traded inside a smart grid 2. The charging device 10 includes: an acquisition unit 11 that acquires an external unit price as a unit price of energy traded outside the smart grid 2; a setting unit 12 that uses a unit price interlocking with the external unit price or a predetermined unit price as a reference internal unit price to set the reference internal unit price to the internal unit price; a command reception unit 14 that uses an energy residual amount as a residual amount of energy inside the smart grid 2 to acquire a generated command; and a correction unit 15 that uses acquisition of the command as a trigger to calculate a corrected internal unit price obtained by correcting the internal unit price to set the corrected internal unit price to the internal unit price.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a charging device and a charging method.

Background Art

[0002] A mechanism for charging according to charging and discharging of an electric vehicle or the like is known. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a technique for trading electric power between a charging / discharging stand and an electric vehicle. The invention described in Patent Document 1 determines a transaction type and a transaction price based on the remaining battery level of the electric vehicle and the time zone of the transaction. The transaction price in Patent Document 1 does not consider the remaining battery level of the charging / discharging stand. For example, when the remaining battery level of the charging / discharging stand decreases, power is generally procured from an external power system or the like. The procurement price at this time may be high. Therefore, the invention described in Patent Document 1 cannot set the price appropriately.

[0003] Patent Document 2 describes a technique for comparing price information regarding a storage battery with price information regarding a commercial power system and preferentially using inexpensive power. The invention described in Patent Document 2 uses the power of the commercial power system when the power of the storage battery is below a threshold value. In the invention described in Patent Document 2, price information regarding the commercial power system is used in response to the use of the power of the commercial power system based on the power of the storage battery. In other words, when the power of the storage battery is below the threshold value, price information regarding the commercial power system is used regardless of whether it is inexpensive. Therefore, the invention described in Patent Document 2 cannot set the price appropriately.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] It is necessary to set appropriate unit prices for energy traded within smart grids.

[0006] This disclosure aims to provide technology that enables the appropriate setting of unit prices for energy traded within a smart grid. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a billing device that sets an internal unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded within the smart grid. The billing device includes an acquisition unit that acquires an external unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded outside the smart grid; a setting unit that sets a basic internal unit price for the internal unit price, using a unit price linked to the external unit price or a predetermined unit price as the basic internal unit price; a command receiving unit that acquires a command generated using the remaining energy amount, which is the remaining amount of energy within the smart grid; and a correction unit that, triggered by the acquisition of a command, calculates a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price and sets the corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price.

[0008] A billing method relating to one aspect of this disclosure is executed by a billing device equipped with at least one processor. The billing method includes: obtaining an external unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded outside the smart grid; setting a basic internal unit price for the internal unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded inside the smart grid, using a unit price linked to the external unit price or a predetermined unit price as the basic internal unit price; obtaining a command generated using the remaining energy amount, which is the remaining amount of energy inside the smart grid; and, triggered by the acquisition of the command, calculating a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price, and setting the corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price.

[0009] In the billing device and billing method, a unit price linked to an external unit price or a predetermined unit price is used as the basic internal unit price, and the internal unit price is set using the basic internal unit price. Then, triggered by the acquisition of a command, a corrected internal unit price is calculated by adjusting the internal unit price, and the internal unit price is set using the corrected internal unit price. In other words, the internal unit price is set dynamically. This makes it possible to appropriately set the unit price of energy traded within the smart grid.

[0010] The internal unit price may be a price list showing the unit price for each time period. The setting unit may set a basic internal unit price for each time period relative to the internal unit price. The correction unit may calculate a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for each time period and set the corrected internal unit price for each time period relative to the internal unit price. By setting the basic internal unit price and the corrected internal unit price for each time period relative to the internal unit price, the unit price of energy can be set more appropriately.

[0011] The command may be generated using the predicted energy reserves for future time periods. The correction unit may calculate a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for future time periods and set the corrected internal unit price for future time periods. With such a configuration, the internal unit price for future time periods is predetermined. This makes it easier for energy traders to plan their transactions, thus improving trader convenience. It also makes it easier to adjust the balance between energy supply and demand, allowing for a more appropriate setting of energy unit prices.

[0012] The command may be generated when the energy level indicates a surplus. The correction unit may calculate a corrected internal unit price using a unit price lower than the average internal unit price over a predetermined period. With this configuration, when the energy level indicates a surplus, the internal unit price is set lower than the internal unit price traded under normal circumstances. This encourages traders to sell energy within the smart grid. It becomes easier to adjust the balance between energy supply and demand, allowing for a more appropriate setting of energy prices.

[0013] Commands may be generated when energy levels are low. The correction unit may calculate a corrected internal unit price using a unit price higher than the average internal unit price over a predetermined period. With this configuration, when energy levels are low, the internal unit price is set higher than the internal unit price traded under normal circumstances. This encourages traders to purchase energy within the smart grid. It becomes easier to adjust the balance between energy supply and demand, allowing for a more appropriate setting of energy prices.

[0014] The billing device may further include a transmitting unit that, in response to the setting of a corrected internal unit price relative to the internal unit price, transmits the internal unit price to the terminal of an energy trader. This can encourage traders to sell or buy energy within the smart grid. This makes it easier to adjust the balance between energy supply and demand, allowing for a more appropriate setting of energy prices.

[0015] The energy may be electricity, hydrogen, ammonia, or heat. The billing device of this disclosure can accommodate various energy usage-based billing methods. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] This disclosure provides a technology that enables the appropriate setting of unit prices for energy traded within a smart grid. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0017] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the billing system. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating the functional configuration of a billing device. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows an example of a price list. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of how the billing system works. [Figure 5]FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing another example of the operation of the charging system. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration related to the charging system. Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0018] Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same reference numerals are given to the same elements, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

[0019] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the overall configuration of a charging system 1. The charging system 1 is applied to energy transactions in the smart grid 2. Examples of the energy include, but are not limited to, power, hydrogen, ammonia, or heat. In the present embodiment, the energy will be described as power. The energy transaction will be described in a scenario where charging or discharging of an electric vehicle is charged. In the charging system 1, for example, an energy transaction is performed at a first unit price set on the previous day or the like. Depending on the situation within the smart grid 2, in the charging system 1, an energy transaction is performed at a second unit price obtained by correcting the first unit price.

[0020] The smart grid 2 is connected to an external energy market 3. The energy market 3 is a market where energy can be bought and sold. The energy market 3 is, for example, a power grid. The smart grid 2 receives energy supply from the energy market 3. The smart grid 2 may supply energy to the energy market 3 or may not supply energy.

[0021] The smart grid 2 includes a connection device 4, a generation device 5, a storage device 6, a consumer 7, a charging device 8, a control device 9, and a charging device 10. The connection device 4, the generation device 5, the storage device 6, the consumer 7, and the charging device 8 are each connected by an energy supply network. For example, the connection device 4, the generation device 5, the storage device 6, the consumer 7, and the charging device 8 are connected to each other by power lines.

[0022] The connection device 4 supplies energy from the energy market 3 into the smart grid 2. The connection device 4 is, for example, a power receiving panel. In one example, the connection device 4 controls the distribution of power to each device in the smart grid 2 and also supplies power to each device.

[0023] The power generator 5 is equipment that generates energy within the smart grid 2. For example, the power generator 5 is equipment that generates electricity using renewable energy such as solar or wind power. The power generator 5 is not limited to equipment that uses renewable energy. In one example, the power generator 5 is a solar power generation facility. The power generator 5 is equipped with solar panels and a power conditioner (PCS). The PCS converts the direct current generated by the solar panels into alternating current. The power generator 5 supplies electricity within the smart grid 2.

[0024] The storage device 6 is a device that stores energy within the smart grid 2. The storage device 6 supplies energy within the smart grid 2 in response to control from the control device 9. The storage device 6 is, for example, a battery system. The storage device 6 comprises a battery, a battery PCS that converts the DC of the battery to AC, and a battery level monitoring device. The battery is a secondary battery such as a lithium-ion battery, a lead-acid battery, or a redox flow battery. The storage device 6 may also be an energy storage device such as a flywheel, a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, or a large-capacity capacitor. The storage device 6 can function as a power regulator when coordinating the exchange of power between the smart grid 2 and the external energy market 3.

[0025] Consumer 7 consumes energy within the smart grid 2. Consumer 7 is, for example, a load that consumes electricity. Consumer 7 may start or stop operating in response to control from the control device 9. Consumer 7 may also start or stop operating independently of the control device 9.

[0026] The refueling device 8 conducts energy transactions with the trading device 20 within the smart grid 2. The refueling device 8 is, for example, an electric vehicle charger. The trading device 20 is, for example, an electric vehicle. The transactions are, for example, the buying and selling of electricity. In one example, the refueling device 8 sells electricity by supplying it to an electric vehicle. In another example, the refueling device 8 buys electricity by receiving it from an electric vehicle. Energy transactions are conducted on a so-called metered billing system.

[0027] The control device 9 controls or monitors each device within the smart grid 2. The control device 9 is, for example, an EMS (Energy Management System). For example, the control device 9 controls the amount of energy generated by the generator 5, as well as the start and stop of the generator 5. The control device 9 obtains the remaining amount of energy stored in the storage device 6. The control device 9 controls the amount of energy supplied by the storage device 6. The control device 9 controls the start and stop of the consumer 7. The control device 9 obtains the energy consumption of the consumer 7. The control device 9 obtains the amount of energy traded by the filling device 8.

[0028] The control device 9 generates a command based on the remaining energy. The command is a DR command, which is a so-called demand response (DR) command. The command can also be described as a trigger for energy traders to adjust the balance between supply and demand. The control device 9 transmits the command to the billing device 10.

[0029] The control device 9 may generate a command when the remaining energy level indicates a surplus or a shortage. The control device 9 may generate a command that includes various types of information. For example, the control device 9 may include in the command information that indicates a surplus or a shortage of energy. The control device 9 may also include time information in the command. For example, the control device 9 may include in the command information that indicates the current time or information that indicates a future time zone.

[0030] The control device 9 may generate a command based on the predicted remaining energy in a future time period. The control device 9 may generate a command a certain time before a future time period. The control device 9 may calculate the probability of a command being generated and generate a command if the probability is above a certain value. The method for calculating the probability is not limited. For example, the control device 9 may calculate the probability based on one or more of the following: the battery's state of charge (SOC), the amount of energy generated or consumed, and the slope of the change in the battery's state of charge.

[0031] For example, the control device 9 may generate a command indicating surplus energy when the battery charge level is above a certain value compared to normal conditions. The control device 9 may also generate a command indicating low energy levels when the State of Charge (SOC) is below a certain value compared to normal conditions. The normal energy level may be the average value of the energy level over a predetermined period.

[0032] For example, the control device 9 may generate a command based on the amount of energy generated by the generator 5. For example, if the generator 5 is equipment that generates electricity from renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power, the amount of electricity generated will fluctuate according to the temperature, amount of sunlight, and wind speed. The control device 9 may generate a command based on whether the amount of electricity generated by the generator 5 is more or less than normal. The amount of electricity generated under normal conditions may be the average value of the amount of electricity generated over a predetermined period.

[0033] For example, the control device 9 may generate a command based on the amount of energy consumed by the consumer 7. For example, the control device 9 may generate a command based on whether the amount of energy consumed by the consumer 7 is higher or lower than normal. Normal consumption may be the average amount of energy consumed over a predetermined period.

[0034] For example, the control device 9 may generate a command based on the slope of the change in the storage rate of the storage device 6. For example, the control device 9 may predict the time when the charge rate or discharge rate exceeds a predetermined threshold based on the slope of the change in the charge rate or discharge rate of the storage battery.

[0035] The billing device 10 sets the internal unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded within the smart grid 2. The billing device 10 sets the internal unit price [yen / minute] traded between the filling device 8 and the trading device 20. The internal unit price may be, for example, a price list showing the unit price for each time period. For example, the billing device 10 sets the internal unit price for each time period. The expression of the internal unit price is not limited to this, and it may be a single unit price regardless of the time period. The billing device 10 may display the time period corresponding to the current time and the internal unit price for that time period on the display device provided by the billing device 10. The billing device 10 may also cause the internal unit price to be displayed on the display device of the filling device 8.

[0036] Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating the functional configuration of the billing device 10. The billing device 10 comprises, as functional elements, an acquisition unit 11, a setting unit 12, a storage device 13, a command receiving unit 14, a correction unit 15, and a transmission unit 16.

[0037] The acquisition unit 11 acquires external unit prices, which are the unit prices of energy traded outside of the smart grid 2. The acquisition unit 11 acquires external unit prices from a public service 30, for example, via a network N such as the internet. The external unit prices may be price lists showing unit prices for each time period. In one example, the external unit prices are price lists for electricity published by the Japan Electric Power Exchange. The price list for electricity shows the unit price [yen / kWh] for 30-minute intervals for 24 hours the following day. The acquisition unit 11 acquires external unit prices at any time, such as once a day, but is not limited to these times.

[0038] The setting unit 12 sets the basic internal unit price based on a unit price linked to an external unit price or a predetermined unit price. Based on the external unit price linkage setting, which indicates whether or not to link to an external unit price, the setting unit 12 determines the unit price linked to an external unit price as the basic internal unit price. The external unit price linkage setting is set, for example, by the operator of the smart grid 2 or the owner of the filling device 8. If the external unit price linkage setting indicates that it "links to an external unit price", the setting unit 12 determines the unit price linked to the external unit price as the basic internal unit price. For example, the setting unit 12 may determine the unit price as the basic internal unit price by correcting the base unit price using the external unit price. The base unit price may be a predetermined unit price, or it may be the average of internal unit prices over a predetermined period. The setting unit 12 may also determine the unit price linked to an external unit price linearly as the basic internal unit price. The setting unit 12 may also determine the unit price linked to an external unit price as the basic internal unit price using a threshold. The setting unit 12 may determine the basic internal unit price for future time periods.

[0039] If the setting unit 12 indicates that the external price linkage setting is "not linked to the external price", it determines a predetermined price as the basic internal price. The predetermined price may be the average of the internal prices over a predetermined period. The setting unit 12 may also determine a predetermined price for each time period as the basic internal price.

[0040] The setting unit 12 sets a basic internal unit price for the internal unit price. The setting unit 12 may also set a basic internal unit price for each time period for the internal unit price. The setting unit 12 may also set the internal unit price by storing the basic internal unit price in the storage device 13.

[0041] The storage device 13 is a non-temporary storage medium or storage device that stores internal unit prices. The storage device 13 may be constructed as a single database or as a collection of multiple databases. The location of the storage device 13 is not limited. For example, the storage device 13 may be located in a computer system separate from the billing system 1.

[0042] The command receiving unit 14 acquires commands generated using the remaining energy amount, which is the remaining amount of energy within the smart grid 2. The command receiving unit 14 receives commands from the control device 9.

[0043] The correction unit 15, triggered by the acquisition of a command, calculates a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price and sets the corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price. The correction unit 15 calculates the corrected internal unit price based on the command linkage setting, which indicates whether or not to link with the command. The command linkage setting is set, for example, by the operator of the smart grid 2 or the owner of the filling device 8. If the command linkage setting indicates "to link with the command", the correction unit 15 calculates the corrected internal unit price. The correction unit 15 may also calculate a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for each time period. The correction unit 15 may also calculate a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for future time periods. If the command linkage setting indicates "not to link with the command", the correction unit 15 does not need to calculate a corrected internal unit price.

[0044] The correction unit 15 sets a corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price. The correction unit 15 overwrites the internal unit price already set by the setting unit 12 with the corrected internal unit price. In other words, the correction unit 15 corrects the internal unit price already set by the setting unit 12 with the corrected internal unit price. The correction unit 15 may set a corrected internal unit price for each time period for the internal unit price. The correction unit 15 may set a corrected internal unit price for internal unit prices in future time periods. The correction unit 15 may set the internal unit price by storing the calculated corrected internal unit price in the storage device 13.

[0045] The correction unit 15 may set a corrected internal unit price according to the content of the command. In one example, the command may be generated when the remaining energy level indicates a surplus. The correction unit 15 may calculate the corrected internal unit price using a unit price lower than the average internal unit price over a predetermined period. In another example, the command may be generated when the remaining energy level indicates a shortage. The correction unit may calculate the corrected internal unit price using a unit price higher than the average internal unit price over a predetermined period.

[0046] The method for determining the basic internal unit price or the adjusted internal unit price is not limited. For example, the setting unit 12 may determine the basic internal unit price using the following formula (1). The adjustment unit 15 may determine the adjusted internal unit price using the following formula (1). Basic internal unit price or adjusted internal unit price [yen / minute] = Basic unit price [yen / minute] + Adjusted unit price based on external unit price [yen / minute] × External unit price linkage status (1 or 0) + Command standard adjusted unit price [yen / minute] × Command linkage status (1 or 0) ... (1)

[0047] In formula (1), the correction unit price based on the external unit price may be a unit price calculated as a predetermined percentage or a fixed value relative to the external unit price. If the external unit price linkage setting indicates that it is "linked to the external unit price", the value of whether or not it is linked to the external unit price may be "1". If the external unit price linkage setting indicates that it is "not linked to the external unit price", the value of whether or not it is linked to the external unit price may be "0". If no command has been received, the value of the command basis correction unit price may be "0". For example, when the setting unit 12 sets the internal unit price for the next day, the value of the command basis correction unit price may be set to "0" to calculate the basic internal unit price. The command basis correction unit price may be a unit price corresponding to the content of the command. For example, the command basis correction unit price may differ depending on whether the command is generated when the energy remaining amount is in surplus or when the energy remaining amount is in short supply. For example, in the case of a command generated when the energy remaining amount is in surplus, the command basis correction unit price may be a negative value. In the case of a command generated when the energy remaining amount is in short supply, the command basis correction unit price may be a positive value. If the configured command linkage setting indicates "linked to commands," the command linkage value may be "1." If the configured command linkage setting indicates "not linked to commands," the command linkage value may be "0."

[0048] The transmitting unit 16 transmits the internal unit price to the energy trader's terminal 40. For example, the transmitting unit 16 may transmit the internal unit price to the terminal 40 via email, SMS (Short Message Service), or public notice on the internet. The transmitting unit 16 may also transmit the internal unit price for a future time period, such as the next day, to the terminal 40. For example, the transmitting unit 16 transmits the internal unit price set by the setting unit 12 to the terminal 40. The transmitting unit 16 transmits the internal unit price to the terminal 40 in response to the setting of a corrected internal unit price. When transmitting the internal unit price, the transmitting unit 16 may highlight the internal unit price or difference for a future time period in which the corrected internal unit price has been set.

[0049] Terminal 40 is a computer used by energy traders. The type and configuration of Terminal 40 are not limited. For example, Terminal 40 may be a personal computer, a high-function mobile phone (smartphone), a tablet device, or a wearable device.

[0050] The filling device 8 calculates the total price based on the internal unit price and the energy transaction volume. For example, the filling device 8 calculates the total price by multiplying the unit price [yen / minute] set for each time period by the energy filling time. The filling device 8 may also display the time period corresponding to the current time and the internal unit price for that time period on a display device.

[0051] Figure 3 shows an example of a price list with internal unit prices set. Figure 3 shows, for example, a price list with internal unit prices set for the next day. Figure 3 shows time zone, code, internal unit price, external unit price, external unit price linkage setting, and command linkage setting.

[0052] In Figure 3, "Time Zone" represents a time interval of 30 minutes, showing 24 hours in 30-minute increments. The time interval is not limited to this and may be shown in 1-hour increments. "Code" is a row number of 48 corresponding to the number of time zones. "Internal Unit Price" is the value of the internal unit price set for each time zone. "External Unit Price" is the value of the external unit price for each time zone. "External Unit Price Linkage Setting" indicates whether or not the setting is linked to the external unit price for each time zone. For example, if the External Unit Price Linkage Setting is blank, it indicates a setting that does not link to the external unit price. If the External Unit Price Linkage Setting is "○ Linked", it indicates a setting that links to the external unit price. The External Unit Price Linkage Setting may be set for each time, day of the week, or special day. "Command Linkage Setting" indicates whether or not the setting is linked to a command for each time zone. For example, if the Command Linkage Setting is blank, it indicates a setting that does not link to a command. If the Command Linkage Setting is "○ Enabled", it indicates a setting that links to a command.

[0053] For example, during the time period "16:00-16:30", the external unit price linkage setting is "○ linked". During the time period "16:00-16:30", the internal unit price value "13" is a value calculated as a unit price linked to the external unit price "18.0".

[0054] The operation of the billing device 10 will be explained with reference to Figure 4, and an example of a billing method will be described. Figure 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the billing device 10 as processing flow S1.

[0055] In step S11, if the external price linkage setting indicates "linked to external price" (step S11: YES), the process proceeds to step S12. In step S11, if the external price linkage setting indicates "not linked to external price", the process proceeds to step S14.

[0056] In step S12, the acquisition unit 11 acquires an external unit price. For example, the acquisition unit 11 acquires an external unit price from the public service 30 via the network N. The external unit price may be a price list showing unit prices for each time period.

[0057] In step S13, the setting unit 12 determines a unit price linked to an external unit price as the basic internal unit price. For example, the setting unit 12 may determine a unit price adjusted using an external unit price as the basic internal unit price. The setting unit 12 may also determine a unit price linked to an external unit price for each time period as the basic internal unit price. The setting unit 12 may also determine the internal unit price using formula (1).

[0058] In step S14, the setting unit 12 determines a predetermined unit price as the basic internal unit price. The predetermined unit price may be the average of internal unit prices over a predetermined period. The setting unit 12 may also determine a predetermined unit price for each time period as the basic internal unit price.

[0059] In step S15, the setting unit 12 sets a basic internal unit price for the internal unit price. The internal unit price may be a price list showing the unit price for each time period. The setting unit 12 may also set a basic internal unit price for each time period for the internal unit price. For example, the setting unit 12 may set a basic internal unit price for each time period for a price list like the one shown in Figure 3. The setting unit 12 may also set an internal unit price that is determined regardless of the time period. The setting unit 12 may also set the internal unit price by storing the basic internal unit price in the storage device 13.

[0060] In step S16, the transmitting unit 16 transmits the internal unit price to the energy trader's terminal 40. For example, the transmitting unit 16 may transmit the internal unit price to the terminal 40 via email, SMS, or public notice on the internet. The transmitting unit 16 may also transmit the internal unit price for a future time period, such as the following day, to the terminal 40. For example, the transmitting unit 16 transmits the internal unit price set by the setting unit 12 to the terminal 40.

[0061] The billing device 10 may display the time period corresponding to the current time and the internal unit price for that time period on a display device provided by the billing device 10. The billing device 10 may also have the internal unit price displayed on the display device of the filling device 8.

[0062] The operation of the billing device 10 will be explained with reference to Figure 5, and an example of a billing method will be described. Figure 5 is a flowchart showing another example of the operation of the billing device 10 as processing flow S2. In processing flow S2, the internal unit price is assumed to have already been set by the setting unit 12.

[0063] In step S21, the command receiving unit 14 acquires a command generated using the remaining energy. For example, the command receiving unit 14 receives a command from the control device 9. For example, the command may be generated based on the predicted remaining energy for a future time period. The command may be generated based on the current remaining energy. The command may be generated when the remaining energy indicates a surplus. The command may be generated when the remaining energy indicates a shortage.

[0064] In step S22, if the command linkage setting indicates "link to command" (step S22: YES), the process proceeds to step S23. In step S22, if the command linkage setting indicates "do not link to command", the processing flow S2 ends.

[0065] In step S23, the correction unit 15 calculates the corrected internal unit price. The correction unit 15 may calculate a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for each time period. The correction unit 15 may calculate a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for future time periods. The correction unit 15 may calculate a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for the time period corresponding to the current time. The correction unit 15 may calculate the corrected internal unit price using formula (1).

[0066] The correction unit 15 may set a corrected internal unit price according to the content of the command. In one example, the command may be generated when the remaining energy level indicates a surplus. The correction unit 15 may calculate the corrected internal unit price using a unit price lower than the average internal unit price over a predetermined period. In another example, the command may be generated when the remaining energy level indicates a shortage. The correction unit may calculate the corrected internal unit price using a unit price higher than the average internal unit price over a predetermined period.

[0067] In step S24, the correction unit 15 sets a corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price. The correction unit 15 may set a corrected internal unit price for each time period for the internal unit price. The correction unit 15 may also set a corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price in future time periods. For example, the correction unit 15 sets a corrected internal unit price for each time period for a price list as shown in Figure 3. The correction unit 15 may set the internal unit price by storing the calculated corrected internal unit price in the storage device 13.

[0068] In step S25, the transmitting unit 16 transmits the internal unit price to the terminal 40 in response to the setting of a corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price. When transmitting the internal unit price, the transmitting unit 16 may highlight the internal unit price or difference for the future time period in which the corrected internal unit price was set.

[0069] The billing device 10 may display the time period corresponding to the current time and the internal unit price for that time period on a display device provided by the billing device 10. The billing device 10 may also have the internal unit price displayed on the display device of the filling device 8.

[0070] [Hardware configuration] Figure 6 shows an example of a hardware configuration related to the billing system 1. Figure 6 shows a computer 100 that functions as a billing device 10. The computer 100 has at least one processor 101, a main memory unit 102, an auxiliary memory unit 103, a communication control unit 104, an input device 105, and an output device 106. The billing device 10 is composed of one or more computers 100, which consist of this hardware and software such as programs.

[0071] If the billing device 10 is composed of multiple computers 100, these computers 100 may be connected locally or via a communication network such as the Internet or an intranet. This connection logically constructs a single billing device 10.

[0072] The processor 101 executes the operating system, application programs, etc. The processor 101 is, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The main memory unit 102 consists of ROM (Read-Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory). The auxiliary memory unit 103 is a storage medium consisting of a hard disk and flash memory, etc. The auxiliary memory unit 103 generally stores a larger amount of data than the main memory unit 102. The communication control unit 104 consists of a network card or a wireless communication module. At least a part of the communication function between the billing device 10 and other devices may be implemented by the communication control unit 104. The input device 105 consists of a keyboard, mouse, touch panel, and microphone for voice input, etc. The output device 106 consists of a display and printer, etc.

[0073] The auxiliary storage unit 103 stores the program 110 (billing program) and data necessary for processing in advance. The program 110 causes the computer 100 to execute each functional element of the billing device 10. The program 110 executes, for example, the processing related to the billing method described above in the computer 100. For example, the program 110 is read by the processor 101 or the main memory unit 102 and operates at least one of the processor 101, the main memory unit 102, the auxiliary storage unit 103, the communication control unit 104, the input device 105, and the output device 106. For example, the program 110 reads and writes data to the main memory unit 102 and the auxiliary storage unit 103.

[0074] The program 110 may be provided on a tangible storage medium such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or semiconductor memory. The program 110 may also be provided as a data signal via a communication network.

[0075] [Effects and Effects] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a billing device 10 which sets an internal unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded within the smart grid 2. The billing device 10 includes an acquisition unit 11 which acquires an external unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded outside the smart grid 2; a setting unit 12 which sets a basic internal unit price for the internal unit price, using a unit price linked to the external unit price or a predetermined unit price as the basic internal unit price; a command receiving unit 14 which acquires a command generated using the remaining energy amount, which is the remaining amount of energy within the smart grid 2; and a correction unit 15 which, triggered by the acquisition of a command, calculates a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price and sets the corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price.

[0076] A billing method relating to one aspect of this disclosure is executed by a billing device 10 equipped with at least one processor. The billing method includes: obtaining an external unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded outside the smart grid 2; setting a basic internal unit price for the internal unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded inside the smart grid 2, using a unit price linked to the external unit price or a predetermined unit price as the basic internal unit price; obtaining a command generated using the remaining energy amount, which is the remaining amount of energy inside the smart grid 2; and, triggered by the acquisition of the command, calculating a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price, and setting the corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price.

[0077] In the billing device 10 and billing method, a unit price linked to an external unit price or a predetermined unit price is used as the basic internal unit price, and the internal unit price is set using the basic internal unit price. Then, triggered by the acquisition of a command, a corrected internal unit price is calculated by adjusting the internal unit price, and the internal unit price is set using the corrected internal unit price. In other words, the internal unit price is set dynamically. This makes it possible to appropriately set the unit price of energy traded within the smart grid 2.

[0078] The internal unit price is a price list showing the unit price for each time period. The setting unit 12 sets a basic internal unit price for each time period relative to the internal unit price. The correction unit 15 calculates a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for each time period and sets the corrected internal unit price relative to the internal unit price for each time period. By setting both the basic internal unit price and the corrected internal unit price relative to the internal unit price for each time period, the unit price of energy can be set more appropriately.

[0079] The command is generated using the predicted energy reserves for future time periods. The correction unit 15 calculates a corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for future time periods and sets the corrected internal unit price for future time periods. With this configuration, the internal unit price for future time periods is predetermined. This makes it easier for energy traders to plan their transactions, thus improving trader convenience. It also makes it easier to adjust the balance between energy supply and demand, allowing for a more appropriate setting of energy unit prices.

[0080] The command is generated when the energy level indicates a surplus. The correction unit 15 calculates a corrected internal unit price using a unit price lower than the average internal unit price over a predetermined period. With this configuration, when the energy level indicates a surplus, the internal unit price is set lower than the internal unit price traded under normal circumstances. This encourages traders to sell energy within the smart grid 2. It becomes easier to adjust the balance between energy supply and demand, allowing for a more appropriate setting of energy prices.

[0081] For example, if the surplus electricity within the smart grid 2 is powered by renewable energy, the surplus electricity can be effectively utilized by stimulating demand from traders. In particular, if it is impossible to supply energy from the connection device 4 to the energy market 3, the surplus electricity that would otherwise be discarded can be utilized more effectively.

[0082] The command is generated when energy levels are low. The correction unit 15 calculates a corrected internal unit price using a unit price higher than the average internal unit price over a predetermined period. With this configuration, when energy levels are low, the internal unit price is set higher than the internal unit price traded under normal circumstances. This encourages traders to purchase energy within the smart grid 2. It becomes easier to adjust the balance between energy supply and demand, allowing for a more appropriate setting of energy prices.

[0083] The billing device 10 further includes a transmitting unit that, in response to the setting of a corrected internal unit price relative to the internal unit price, transmits the internal unit price to the terminal of an energy trader. This allows traders to be encouraged to sell or buy energy within the smart grid 2. This makes it easier to adjust the balance between energy supply and demand, and thus allows for a more appropriate setting of energy unit prices.

[0084] Energy can be electricity, hydrogen, ammonia, or heat. The billing device 10 of this disclosure can accommodate various energy usage-based billing methods.

[0085] [Differentiation] This disclosure is not necessarily limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications are possible without departing from its essence. For example, the generating device 5 does not have to be equipment within the smart grid 2.

[0086] In the above embodiment, the control device 9 and the billing device 10 were described as separate components, but the invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, the control device 9 may comprise some or all of the functional elements of the billing device 10.

[0087] In the above embodiment, for example, if the energy is hydrogen or ammonia, the storage device 6 may be a tank for storing hydrogen or ammonia. The control device 9 may obtain the amount of hydrogen or ammonia as the remaining energy. If the energy is heat, the storage device 6 may be a boiler or the like.

[0088] The control device 9 may perform feedback-based correction or learning regarding the command generation conditions. For example, the control device 9 may compare the predicted energy reserves for a future time period with the actual energy reserves. Based on the results of the comparison, the control device 9 may adjust the threshold for command generation.

[0089] In this disclosure, the expression "at least one processor executes the first process, the second process, ... the nth process," or a corresponding expression, is a concept that includes cases where the entity executing the n processes from the first process to the nth process changes midway through. In other words, this expression is a concept that includes both cases where all n processes are executed by the same processor and cases where the processor changes at an arbitrary rate for the n processes.

[0090] The processing steps of a method executed by at least one processor are not limited to the examples in the above embodiments. For example, some of the steps (processes) described above may be omitted, or each step may be executed in a different order. Also, any two or more of the steps described above may be combined, or some of the steps may be modified or deleted. Alternatively, other steps may be executed in addition to each of the above steps.

[0091] [Note] This invention is a technology for appropriately setting unit prices traded within a smart grid, and by using this technology, it becomes possible to adjust the balance between energy demand and supply more efficiently. Therefore, this invention also contributes to the following goals of the United Nations-led Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Goal 7: "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all."

[0092] The gist of this disclosure is as follows: [1] A billing device that sets an internal unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded within a smart grid, An acquisition unit that acquires an external unit price, which is the unit price of the energy traded outside the smart grid, A setting unit sets the basic internal unit price based on a unit price linked to the aforementioned external unit price or a predetermined unit price, and sets the basic internal unit price against the aforementioned internal unit price. A command receiving unit that acquires a command generated using the remaining energy amount, which is the remaining amount of energy within the smart grid, The system includes a correction unit that, triggered by the acquisition of the aforementioned command, calculates a corrected internal unit price by correcting the aforementioned internal unit price, and sets the corrected internal unit price relative to the aforementioned internal unit price. A billing device. [2] The aforementioned internal unit price is a price list showing the unit price for each time period. The setting unit sets the basic internal unit price for each time period relative to the internal unit price, The correction unit calculates the corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for each time period, and sets the corrected internal unit price for each time period relative to the internal unit price. [1] The billing device described above. [3] The aforementioned command is generated using the predicted energy reserves for a future time period. The correction unit calculates the corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price in the future time period, and sets the corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price in the future time period. [2] The billing device described above. [4] The aforementioned command is generated when the remaining energy amount indicates a surplus. The correction unit calculates the corrected internal unit price using a unit price lower than the average of the internal unit prices over a predetermined period. A billing device as described in any of [1] to [3]. [5] The aforementioned command is generated when the remaining energy is running low. The correction unit calculates the corrected internal unit price using a unit price higher than the average of the internal unit prices over a predetermined period. A billing device as described in any of [1] to [3]. [6] The billing device further includes a transmitting unit that, in response to the setting of the corrected internal unit price relative to the internal unit price, transmits the internal unit price to the terminal of the energy trader. A billing device as described in any of [1] to [5]. [7] The charging device according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the energy is electricity, hydrogen, ammonia, or heat. [8] A billing method performed by a billing device having at least one processor, Obtaining external unit prices, which are the unit prices of energy traded outside the smart grid, Setting the basic internal unit price as a unit price linked to the external unit price or a predetermined unit price, and setting the basic internal unit price as the internal unit price which is the unit price of the energy traded within the smart grid, To obtain a command generated using the remaining energy amount, which is the remaining amount of energy within the smart grid, The system includes, triggered by the acquisition of the aforementioned command, calculating a corrected internal unit price by correcting the aforementioned internal unit price, and setting the aforementioned corrected internal unit price to the aforementioned internal unit price. Payment methods. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0093] 1. Billing System 2 Smart Grid 3. Energy Market 4. Connection device 5 Generator 6. Storage equipment 7 Consumer 8 Filling equipment 9 Control device 10. Billing device 11 Acquisition Department 12. Settings section 13 Storage device 14 Command Receiving Unit 15 Correction section 16 Transmitter 20 Trading Devices 30 Public Services 40 devices

Claims

1. A billing device that sets an internal unit price, which is the unit price of energy traded within a smart grid, An acquisition unit that acquires an external unit price, which is the unit price of the energy traded outside the smart grid, A setting unit sets the basic internal unit price based on a unit price linked to the aforementioned external unit price or a predetermined unit price, and sets the basic internal unit price against the aforementioned internal unit price. A command receiving unit that acquires a command generated using the remaining energy amount, which is the remaining amount of energy within the smart grid, The system includes a correction unit that, triggered by the acquisition of the aforementioned command, calculates a corrected internal unit price by correcting the aforementioned internal unit price, and sets the corrected internal unit price relative to the aforementioned internal unit price. A billing device.

2. The aforementioned internal unit price is a price list showing the unit price for each time period. The setting unit sets the basic internal unit price for each time period relative to the internal unit price, The correction unit calculates the corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price for each time period, and sets the corrected internal unit price for each time period relative to the internal unit price. The billing device according to claim 1.

3. The aforementioned command is generated using the predicted energy reserves for a future time period. The correction unit calculates the corrected internal unit price by correcting the internal unit price in the future time period, and sets the corrected internal unit price for the internal unit price in the future time period. The billing device according to claim 2.

4. The aforementioned command is generated when the remaining energy amount indicates a surplus. The correction unit calculates the corrected internal unit price using a unit price lower than the average of the internal unit prices over a predetermined period. The billing device according to claim 1.

5. The aforementioned command is generated when the remaining energy is running low. The correction unit calculates the corrected internal unit price using a unit price higher than the average of the internal unit prices over a predetermined period. The billing device according to claim 1.

6. The billing device further includes a transmitting unit that, in response to the setting of the corrected internal unit price relative to the internal unit price, transmits the internal unit price to the terminal of the energy trader. The billing device according to claim 1.

7. The charging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the energy is electricity, hydrogen, ammonia, or heat.

8. A billing method performed by a billing device having at least one processor, Obtaining external unit prices, which are the unit prices of energy traded outside the smart grid, Setting the basic internal unit price as a unit price linked to the external unit price or a predetermined unit price, and setting the basic internal unit price as the internal unit price which is the unit price of the energy traded within the smart grid, To obtain a command generated using the remaining energy amount, which is the remaining amount of energy within the smart grid, The system includes, triggered by the acquisition of the aforementioned command, calculating a corrected internal unit price by correcting the aforementioned internal unit price, and setting the aforementioned corrected internal unit price to the aforementioned internal unit price. Payment methods.

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