Light-absorbing anisotropic layer, laminate, display device, infrared light irradiation device, and infrared light sensing device

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a light absorption anisotropic layer which, in being combined with a quarter-wave plate in a circularly polarizing plate that is applied to a display device, suppresses coloration and exhibits a high efficiency of utilization of infrared light when the display device displays black; and a laminate, a display device, an infrared light irradiation device, and an infrared light sensing device which each comprise said light absorption anisotropic layer. A light absorption anisotropic layer according to the present invention satisfies expressions (1) to (4) and comprises an organic dichroic pigment. (1) P(450)>99%, (2) P(550)>99%, (3) P(650)>99%, (4) A(750)<0.2, where P(450) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 450 nm, P(550) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 550 nm, P(650) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 650 nm, and A(750) represents average light absorbency at a wavelength of 750 nm.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an anisotropic light-absorbing layer, a laminate, a display device, an infrared light irradiation device, and an infrared light sensing device. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, systems utilizing infrared light have been in demand for applications such as recognition light sources for touch panels, security cameras, sensors, anti-counterfeiting systems, and communication equipment. However, in these systems, an anisotropic light-absorbing layer with visible light polarization capabilities is often used in the image display area. For example, Patent Document 1 describes installing an infrared light source and infrared sensor across the entire image display screen to perform fingerprint authentication at any point on the screen. However, when transmitting and receiving infrared light, the circular polarizer absorbs in the infrared region, causing the infrared light intensity to attenuate. Commonly used polarizers made of iodine and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) absorb in the 700nm to 850nm range, resulting in attenuation of infrared light intensity and a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Special Publication No. 2020-533614 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] One possible solution to this problem is to use a light-absorbing anisotropic layer containing an organic dichroic dye. However, the inventors have found that when a circular polarizing plate combining such a light-absorbing anisotropic layer and a λ / 4 plate is applied to a display device to display a black screen and then illuminated with visible light, the coloration of the screen may not be suppressed, indicating room for improvement. The present invention aims to provide a circular polarizing plate combined with a λ / 4 plate that, when applied to a display device, exhibits suppressed coloration and high utilization efficiency of infrared light, an anisotropic light absorption layer, a laminate having the same, a display device, an infrared light irradiation device, and an infrared light sensing device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, the inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by using a light-absorbing anisotropic layer having an organic dichroic dye that satisfies the following equations (1) to (4). In other words, the inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by the following configuration.

[0006] [1] A light-absorbing anisotropic layer having an organic dichroic dye, satisfying the following formulas (1) to (4). (1) P(450)>99.0% (2) P(550)>99.0% (3) P(650)>99.0% (4) A(750)<0.20 However, P(450) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 450 nm, P(550) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 550 nm, P(650) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 650 nm, and A(750) represents the average absorbance at a wavelength of 750 nm. [2] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer described in [1] that satisfies the following formula (5). (5) A(750)≦0.15 [3] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer described in [1] that satisfies the following formula (6). (6) A(750)≦0.10 [4] A light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to any of [1] to [3], having a film thickness of 0.5 to 5.0 μm. [5] Furthermore, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to any one of [1] to [4], which contains a liquid crystalline compound. [6] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to [5], wherein the content of the above-mentioned organic dichroic dye is 5 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the content of the above-mentioned liquid crystalline compound. [7] The content of the above organic dichroic dye in the above light-absorbing anisotropic layer is 100-250 mg / cm³. 3 The light-absorbing anisotropic layer described in any of [1] to [6]. [8] An optical absorption anisotropic layer according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the degree of orientation at a wavelength of 650 nm is 0.95 or higher. [9] An optical absorption anisotropy layer that exhibits a Bragg peak in X-ray diffraction measurements, as described in any of [1] to [8].

[10] A laminate comprising a light-absorbing anisotropic layer and an optical anisotropic layer as described in any of [1] to [9].

[11] A laminate comprising a light-absorbing anisotropic layer A which is a light-absorbing anisotropic layer described in any of [1] to [9], and a light-absorbing anisotropic layer B which is different from the light-absorbing anisotropic layer A, A laminate in which the above-mentioned light-absorbing anisotropic layer B contains a dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 700 to 1400 nm.

[12] A light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to any one of [1] to [9], for use in display devices, sensors, lenses, switching elements, isolators, or cameras.

[13] The laminate according to

[10] or

[11] , which is for use in a display device, sensor, lens, switching element, isolator, or camera.

[14] A display device having a light-absorbing anisotropic layer as described in any of [1] to [9], or a laminate as described in

[10] or

[11] .

[15] An infrared light irradiation device having a light-absorbing anisotropic layer as described in any of [1] to [9], or a laminate as described in

[10] or

[11] .

[16] An infrared light sensing device having a light-absorbing anisotropic layer as described in any of [1] to [9], or a laminate as described in

[10] or

[11] . [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, when a circular polarizing plate combined with a λ / 4 plate is applied to a display device, coloring is suppressed and the utilization efficiency of infrared light is high, providing an anisotropic light absorption layer, a laminate, a display device, an infrared light irradiation device, and an infrared light sensing device. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the display device of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the display device of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] The present invention will be described in detail below. The following description of the constituent elements may be based on typical embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. In this specification, a numerical range represented by "~" means a range that includes the numbers written before and after "~" as the lower and upper limits, respectively. Furthermore, in this specification, "parallel" and "orthogonal" do not mean parallel or orthogonal in the strict sense, but rather a range of ±5° from parallel or orthogonal. Furthermore, in this specification, (meth)acrylic acid is a general term for "acrylic acid" and "methacrylic acid," (meth)acryloyl is a general term for "acryloyl" and "methacryloyl," (meth)acryloyloxy is a general term for "acryloyloxy" and "methacryloyloxy," and (meth)acrylate is a general term for "acrylate" and "methacrylate."

[0010] Furthermore, in this specification, the terms "liquid crystal composition" and "liquid crystal compound" also include, conceptually, substances that no longer exhibit liquid crystal properties due to curing or other reasons.

[0011] [Substituent W] The substituent W used herein represents the following group: Substituents W include, for example, halogen atoms, C1-C20 alkyl groups, C1-C20 halogenated alkyl groups, C1-C20 cycloalkyl groups, C1-C10 alkylcarbonyl groups, C1-C10 alkyloxycarbonyl groups, C1-C10 alkylcarbonyloxy groups, C1-C10 alkylamino groups, alkylaminocarbonyl groups, C1-C20 alkoxy groups, C1-C20 alkenyl groups, C1-C20 alkynyl groups, C1-C20 aryl groups, heterocyclic groups (also called heterocyclic groups), cyano groups, hydroxyl groups, nitro groups, carboxyl groups, aryloxy groups, silyloxy groups, heterocyclic oxy groups, acyloxy groups, carbamoyloxy groups, alkoxycarbonyloxy groups, aryloxycarbonyloxy groups, amino groups (including anilino groups), and Examples include ammonium groups, acylamino groups, aminocarbonylamino groups, alkoxycarbonylamino groups, aryloxycarbonylamino groups, sulfamoylamino groups, alkyl or arylsulfonylamino groups, mercapto groups, alkylthio groups, arylthio groups, heterocyclic thio groups, sulfamoyl groups, sulfo groups, alkyl or arylsulfinyl groups, alkyl or arylsulfonyl groups, acyl groups, aryloxycarbonyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, carbamoyl groups, aryl or heterocyclic azo groups, imide groups, phosphino groups, phosphinyl groups, phosphinyloxy groups, phosphinylamino groups, phosphono groups, silyl groups, hydrazino groups, ureido groups, boronic acid groups (-B(OH)2), phosphat groups (-OPO(OH)2), sulfat groups (-OSO3H), and other known substituents. Further details regarding the substituents are described in paragraph

[0023] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-234651. Furthermore, the substituent W may be a group represented by the following formula (W1).

[0012] [ka]

[0013] In formula (W1), LW represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, SPW represents a divalent spacer group, Q represents Q1 or Q2 in formula (LC) described later, and * represents the bond position.

[0014] The divalent linking groups represented by LW are -O- and -(CH2). g -,-(CF2) g -, -Si(CH3)2-, -(Si(CH3)2O) g -,-(OSi(CH3)2) g -(g represents an integer from 1 to 10.), -N(Z)-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=N-, -N=C(Z)-, -C(Z)2-C(Z')2-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)O-, -N(Z)C(O)-, -C(O)N (Z)-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)O-, -OC(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=N-, -N=C(Z)- , -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)N(Z")-, -N(Z")-C(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=C(Z')- Examples include C(O)-S-, -SC(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=NN=C(Z')- (where Z, Z', and Z'' independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, or a halogen atom), -C≡C-, -N=N-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)(O)-, -(O)S(O)O-, -O(O)S(O)O-, -SC(O)-, and -C(O)S-. LW may be a group formed by combining two or more of these groups (hereinafter abbreviated as "LC").

[0015] Examples of divalent spacer groups represented by SPW include linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene groups with 1 to 50 carbon atoms, or heterocyclic groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Carbon atoms of the above alkylene group and heterocyclic group are optionally substituted with -O-, -Si(CH3)2-, -(Si(CH3)2O) g -, -(OSi(CH3)2) g -(g represents an integer of 1 to 10), -N(Z)-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=N-, -N=C(Z)-, -C(Z)2-C(Z')2-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -O-C(O)O-, -N(Z)C(O)-, -C(O)N(Z)-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)O-, -O-C(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=N-, -N=C(Z)-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)N(Z'')-, -N(Z'')-C(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)-S-, -S-C(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=N-N=C(Z')- (Z, Z' and Z'' each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, or a halogen atom), -C≡C-, -N=N-, -S-, -C(S)-, -S(O)-, -SO2-, -(O)S(O)O-, -O(O)S(O)O-, -SC(O)-, -C(O)S-, and a group formed by combining two or more of these groups (hereinafter, these groups are also collectively abbreviated as "SP-C"). A hydrogen atom of the above alkylene group and a hydrogen atom of the heterocyclic group are optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a cyano group, -Z H , -OH, -OZ H , -COOH, -C(O)Z H , -C(O)OZ H , -OC(O)Z H , -OC(O)OZ H , -NZ H Z H ', -NZ H C(O)Z H ', -NZ H C(O)OZ H ', -C(O)NZ H Z H ', -OC(O)NZ H Z H ', -NZ H C(O)NZ H 'OZ H '', -SH, -SZH ,-C(S)Z H -C(O)SZ H , and -SC(O)Z H (Hereafter, these will be collectively abbreviated as "SP-H") which may be replaced by Z. H and Z H Each of the following independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group, or -L-CL (where L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. Specific examples of divalent linking groups are the same as those for LW and SPW described above. CL represents a crosslinking group, such as the group represented by Q1 or Q2 in formula (LC) described below, with the crosslinking groups represented by formulas (P1) to (P30) described below being preferred).

[0016] [Light-absorbing anisotropic layer] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer of the present invention satisfies the following formulas (1) to (4) and is a light-absorbing anisotropic layer having an organic dichroic dye. (1) P(450)>99.0% (2) P(550)>99.0% (3) P(650)>99.0% (4) A(750)<0.20 However, P(450) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 450 nm, P(550) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 550 nm, P(650) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 650 nm, and A(750) represents the average absorbance at a wavelength of 750 nm. Note that the upper limit for each polarization degree is 100%.

[0017] Since the light-absorbing anisotropic layer of the present invention satisfies equations (1) to (3), when a circular polarizing plate combining the light-absorbing anisotropic layer and a λ / 4 plate is applied to a display device to display a black screen and then illuminated with visible light, coloration of the display screen can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the optical absorption anisotropy layer of the present invention satisfies equation (4), it can increase the utilization efficiency of infrared light. Here, "high utilization efficiency of infrared light" means that in a device in which light emitted from an infrared light source is incident on an infrared light receiving element, an optical absorption anisotropy layer may be arranged on the optical path of the infrared light, and the infrared light emitted from the infrared light source is efficiently received by the infrared light receiving element.

[0018] In this invention, the average absorbance refers to the absorbance in response to unpolarized light. The average absorbance of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer of the present invention at a wavelength of 750 nm must be less than 0.20 (i.e., satisfy (4) A(750) < 0.20), but in terms of superior effects of the present invention, it is preferable that it be 0.15 or less (i.e., satisfy (5) A(750) ≤ 0.15), more preferably 0.12 or less, and even more preferably 0.10 or less (i.e., satisfy (6) A(750) ≤ 0.10). The lower limit of the average absorbance of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer of the present invention at a wavelength of 750 nm is preferably 0. Methods for obtaining a light-absorbing anisotropic layer that satisfies equation (4) are not limited to this, but include, for example, using an organic dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the visible light region (wavelength 400-700 nm).

[0019] For the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 650 nm to satisfy the range of the present invention, the degree of orientation of the optical absorption anisotropy layer at a wavelength of 650 nm is preferably 0.95 or higher, and more preferably 0.97 or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but 1.00 is an example.

[0020] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer of the present invention may be fabricated by various well-known techniques, provided that the above conditions (i.e., formulas (1) to (4)) are met. In order to induce anisotropy in light absorption, it is necessary to orient the organic dichroic dye. A conventional and well-known method for orientation involves incorporating an organic dichroic dye into a resin film obtained using PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), and then stretching the resin film to orient the organic dichroic dye. Another method for oriented organic dichroic dyes is to utilize the orientation of a liquid crystalline compound, which is preferred in the present invention from the viewpoint of durability. In this case, if the organic dichroic dye itself exhibits liquid crystalline properties, it is possible to avoid using a liquid crystalline compound that does not exhibit dichroism in the visible region. In particular, the method utilizing the orientation of liquid crystalline compounds is preferred over the method of stretching and aligning a resin film because it allows for a thinner thickness, enabling miniaturization, is less susceptible to changes in humidity, and is less prone to orientation disruption over time in high-temperature environments.

[0021] The thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 μm, and more preferably 1.0 to 3.0 μm, from the viewpoint of miniaturization and curved surface applications. In particular, when the thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is 1.0 μm or more, the concentration of the organic dichroic dye increases, making it easier to obtain a light-absorbing anisotropic layer that satisfies equations (1) to (3).

[0022] <Liquid crystal compounds> The light-absorbing anisotropic layer preferably contains a liquid crystalline compound. By including a liquid crystalline compound, the precipitation of organic dichroic dyes can be suppressed while the organic dichroic dyes can be oriented with a high degree of orientation. Liquid crystalline compounds are liquid crystalline compounds that do not exhibit dichroism.

[0023] Liquid crystal compounds can generally be classified into two types based on their shape: rod-shaped (rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds) and disc-shaped (disc-shaped liquid crystal compounds). As for the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound, a liquid crystalline compound that does not exhibit dichroism in the visible region is preferred.

[0024] As the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound, either a low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound or a high-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound can be used, but from the viewpoint of increasing the degree of orientation of the organic dichroic dye, high-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compounds are more preferred. Here, "low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound" refers to a liquid crystalline compound that does not have repeating units in its chemical structure. Also, "high-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound" refers to a liquid crystalline compound that has repeating units in its chemical structure. Examples of low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compounds include the liquid crystalline compounds described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-228706. Examples of polymeric liquid crystalline compounds include the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-237513. Furthermore, the polymeric liquid crystalline compound may have crosslinkable groups (e.g., acryloyl groups and methacryloyl groups) at its terminals.

[0025] The rod-shaped liquid crystalline compounds may be used individually or in combination of two or more types. From the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention, the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound preferably contains a polymer liquid crystalline compound, and more preferably contains both a polymer liquid crystalline compound and a low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound.

[0026] The rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound preferably contains a liquid crystalline compound represented by formula (LC) or a polymer thereof. The liquid crystalline compound represented by formula (LC) or a polymer thereof is a compound that exhibits liquid crystalline properties. The liquid crystalline phase exhibited by the liquid crystalline compound may be a nematic phase or a smectic phase, or it may exhibit both a nematic phase and a smectic phase, but it is preferable that it exhibits at least a nematic phase. The smectic phase may be a higher-order smectic phase. The higher-order smectic phases referred to here are smectic phase B, smectic phase D, smectic phase E, smectic phase F, smectic phase G, smectic phase H, smectic phase I, smectic phase J, smectic phase K, and smectic phase L, with smectic phase B, smectic phase F, or smectic phase I being preferred. When the smectic liquid crystal phase exhibited by a liquid crystalline compound is one of these higher-order smectic liquid crystal phases, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with a higher degree of orientational order can be fabricated. Furthermore, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer fabricated from such a higher-order smectic liquid crystal phase yields Bragg peaks originating from higher-order structures such as the hexatic phase and crystal phase in X-ray diffraction measurements. The aforementioned Bragg peak is a peak derived from the planar periodic structure of molecular orientation, and a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with a periodic interval of 3.0 to 5.0 Å is preferred.

[0027] [ka]

[0028] In formula (LC), Q1 and Q2 are, independently, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic group (or heterocyclic group), a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, an aryloxy group, a silyloxy group, a heterocyclic oxy group, an acyloxy group, a carbamoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxycarbonyloxy group, an amino group (including anilino group), an ammonia group, an acylamino group, an aminocarbonylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, an aryloxycarbonylamino group, a sulfamoylamino group, or an alkyl group. Q1 represents an arylsulfonylamino group, a mercapto alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a heterocyclic thio group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfo group, an alkyl or arylsulfinyl group, an alkyl or arylsulfonyl group, an acyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, an aryl or heterocyclic azo group, an imide group, a phosphino group, a phosphinyl group, a phosphinyloxy group, a phosphinylamino group, a phosphono group, a silyl group, a hydrazino group, a ureido group, a boronic acid group (-B(OH)2), a phosphat group (-OPO(OH)2), a sulfat group (-OSO3H), or a crosslinkable group represented by the following formulas (P-1) to (P-30), and it is preferable that at least one of Q1 and Q2 is a crosslinkable group represented by the following formula.

[0029] [ka]

[0030] In formulas (P-1) to (P-30), R PThis includes hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, halogenated alkyl groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, heterocyclic groups (also called heterocyclic groups), cyano groups, hydroxyl groups, nitro groups, carboxyl groups, aryloxy groups, silyloxy groups, heterocyclic oxy groups, acyloxy groups, carbamoyloxy groups, alkoxycarbonyloxy groups, aryloxycarbonyloxy groups, amino groups (including anilino groups), ammonia groups, acylamino groups, aminocarbonylamino groups, alkoxycarbonylamino groups, and aryloxycarbonyl groups. Represents a vonylamino group, sulfamoylamino group, alkyl or arylsulfonylamino group, mercapto group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, heterocyclic thio group, sulfamoyl group, sulfo group, alkyl or arylsulfinyl group, alkyl or arylsulfonyl group, acyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, aryl or heterocyclic azo group, imide group, phosphino group, phosphinyl group, phosphinyloxy group, phosphinylamino group, phosphono group, silyl group, hydrazino group, ureido group, boronic acid group (-B(OH)2), phosphat group (-OPO(OH)2), or sulfat group (-OSO3H), with multiple R's. P These may be the same or different. Preferred embodiments of the crosslinkable group include radical polymerizable groups and cationic polymerizable groups. Preferred radical polymerizable groups include the vinyl group represented by formula (P-1), the butadiene group represented by formula (P-2), the (meth)acrylic group represented by formula (P-4), the (meth)acrylamide group represented by formula (P-5), the vinyl acetate group represented by formula (P-6), the fumarate ester group represented by formula (P-7), the styryl group represented by formula (P-8), the vinylpyrrolidone group represented by formula (P-9), the maleic anhydride group represented by formula (P-11), or the maleimide group represented by formula (P-12). Preferred cationic polymerizable groups include the vinyl ether group represented by formula (P-18), the epoxy group represented by formula (P-19), or the oxetanyl group represented by formula (P-20).

[0031] In formula (LC), S1 and S2 each independently represent a divalent spacer group, and preferred embodiments of S1 and S2 include the same structure as SPW in formula (W1) above, so their explanation is omitted.

[0032] In formula (LC), MG represents a mesogenic group, which will be described later. The mesogenic group represented by MG is a group that represents the main skeleton of a liquid crystal molecule that contributes to liquid crystal formation. Liquid crystal molecules exhibit liquid crystalline properties, which is an intermediate state (mesophase) between the crystalline state and the isotropic liquid state. There are no particular restrictions on the mesogenic group; for example, refer to the description in "Flussige Kristalle in Tabellen II" (VEB Deutsche Verlag fur Grundstoff Industrie, Leipzig, 1984), especially pages 7 to 16, and the description in the Liquid Crystal Handbook (Maruzen, 2000), edited by the Liquid Crystal Handbook Editorial Committee, especially Chapter 3. The mesogenic group represented by MG preferably contains 2 to 10 cyclic structures, and more preferably 3 to 7. Specific examples of cyclic structures include aromatic hydrocarbon groups, heterocyclic groups, and alicyclic groups.

[0033] From the viewpoint of exhibiting liquid crystalline properties, adjusting the liquid crystal phase transition temperature, availability of raw materials, and suitability for synthesis, as well as from the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention, the mesogenic group represented by MG is preferably a group represented by the following formula (MG-A) or the following formula (MG-B), and the group represented by formula (MG-B) is more preferred.

[0034] [ka]

[0035] In formula (MG-A), A1 is a divalent group selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon groups, heterocyclic groups, and alicyclic groups. These groups may be substituted with substituents such as substituent W. The divalent group represented by A1 is preferably a 4- to 15-membered ring. Furthermore, the divalent group represented by A1 may be a monoring or a fused ring. * indicates a connection position with S1 or S2.

[0036] Examples of the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by A1 include phenylene, naphthylene, fluorene-diyl, anthracene-diyl, and tetracene-diyl groups. From the viewpoint of the diversity of mesogenic skeleton design and the availability of raw materials, phenylene or naphthylene is preferred.

[0037] The divalent heterocyclic group represented by A1 may be either aromatic or non-aromatic, but a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the degree of orientation. Atoms other than carbon that constitute a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group include nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen atoms. If an aromatic heterocyclic group has multiple atoms other than carbon that constitute the ring, these may be the same or different. Specific examples of divalent aromatic heterocyclic groups include, for example, pyridylene (pyridine-diyl group), pyridazine-diyl group, imidazole-diyl group, thienylene (thiophene-diyl group), quinolylene (quinoline-diyl group), isoquinolylene (isoquinoline-diyl group), oxazole-diyl group, thiazole-diyl group, oxadiazole-diyl group, benzothiazole-diyl group, benzothiadiazole-diyl group, phthalimide-diyl group, thienothiazole-diyl group, thiazolothiazole-diyl group, thienothiophene-diyl group, thienoxazole-diyl group, and the following structures (II-1) to (II-4).

[0038] [ka]

[0039] In equations (II-1) to (II-4), D1 is -S-, -O-, or -NR 11 - represents R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Y1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and Z1, Z2, and Z3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, or -NR. 12 R 13 or SR 12 Z1 and Z2 may be bonded to each other to form an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle, R 12 and R 13 Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and J1 and J2 independently represent -O- and -NR, respectively. 21 -(R 21) represents a hydrogen atom or substituent. ), represents a group selected from the group consisting of -S- and -C(O)-, E represents a hydrogen atom or a nonmetal atom of group 14-16 which may have substituents, Jx represents an organic group having 2-30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic heterocycles, Jy represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms which may have substituents, or an organic group having 2-30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic heterocycles, the aromatic rings of Jx and Jy may have substituents, Jx and Jy may be bonded to form a ring, and D2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms which may have substituents.

[0040] In formula (II-2), if Y1 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, it may be monocyclic or polycyclic. If Y1 is an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, it may be monocyclic or polycyclic. In equation (II-2), J1 and J2 are -NR 21 When representing -, R 21 As substituents, for example, refer to the descriptions in paragraphs

[0035] to

[0045] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-107767, which are incorporated herein by reference. In formula (II-2), if E is a nonmetal atom of group 14 to 16 which may have substituents attached, then =O, =S, =NR', and =C(R')R' are preferred. R' represents a substituent, and as substituents, for example, refer to paragraphs

[0035] to

[0045] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-107767, -NZ A1 Z A2 (Z A1 and Z A2 Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group. ) is preferred.

[0041] Specific examples of the divalent alicyclic group represented by A1 include the cyclopentylene group and the cyclohexylene group, and the carbon atoms may be substituted with -O-, -Si(CH3)2-, -N(Z)- (where Z represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, or a halogen atom), -C(O)-, -S-, -C(S)-, -S(O)-, and SO2-, or groups formed by combining two or more of these groups.

[0042] In formula (MG-A), a1 represents an integer between 2 and 10 (preferably an integer between 2 and 4). Multiple A1s may be the same or different.

[0043] In formula (MG-B), A2 and A3 are each independently divalent groups selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon groups, heterocyclic groups, and alicyclic groups. Specific examples and preferred embodiments of A2 and A3 are the same as those of A1 in formula (MG-A), so their explanation is omitted. In formula (MG-B), a2 represents an integer from 1 to 10 (preferably an integer from 1 to 3), and multiple A2s may be the same or different, and multiple LA1s may be the same or different. From the viewpoint of achieving better effects of the present invention, it is more preferable that a2 is 2 or more. In formula (MG-B), LA1 is either a single bond or a divalent linking group. However, if a2 is 1, LA1 is a divalent linking group, and if a2 is 2 or more, at least one of the multiple LA1s is a divalent linking group. In formula (MG-B), the divalent linking group represented by LA1 is the same as that of LW, so its explanation is omitted.

[0044] Specific examples of MG include the following structures, in which hydrogen atoms on aromatic hydrocarbon groups, heterocyclic groups, and alicyclic groups may be substituted with the substituent W described above.

[0045] [ka]

[0046] [ka]

[0047] [ka]

[0048] When the liquid crystalline compound represented by formula (LC) is a low molecular weight liquid crystalline compound, preferred embodiments of the cyclic structure of the mesogenic group MG include cyclohexylene, cyclopentylene, phenylene, naphthylene, fluorene-diyl, pyridine-diyl, pyridazine-diyl, thiophene-diyl, oxazole-diyl, thiazole-diyl, and thienothiophene-diyl groups, with the number of cyclic structures preferably being 2 to 10, and more preferably 3 to 7. Preferred embodiments of substituent W in the mesogenic structure include halogen atoms, alkyl halides, cyano groups, hydroxyl groups, nitro groups, carboxyl groups, C1-C10 alkoxy groups, C1-C10 alkylcarbonyl groups, C1-C10 alkyloxycarbonyl groups, C1-C10 alkylcarbonyloxy groups, amino groups, C1-C10 alkylamino groups, alkylaminocarbonyl groups, and groups in formula (W1) above where LW is a single bond, SPW is a divalent spacer group, and Q is a crosslinkable group represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-30) above. Preferred crosslinkable groups include vinyl groups, butadiene groups, (meth)acrylic groups, (meth)acrylamide groups, vinyl acetate groups, fumarate ester groups, styryl groups, vinylpyrrolidone groups, maleic anhydride, maleimide groups, vinyl ether groups, epoxy groups, or oxetanyl groups.

[0049] The preferred embodiments of the divalent spacer groups S1 and S2 are the same as those described above for SPW, so their explanation will be omitted. When using a low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound exhibiting smectic properties, the number of carbon atoms in the spacer group (or the number of atoms if these carbons are replaced with "SP-C") is preferably 6 or more, and more preferably 8 or more.

[0050] When the liquid crystalline compound represented by formula (LC) is a low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound, multiple low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compounds may be used in combination, preferably 2 to 6 types, and more preferably 2 to 4 types. By using low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compounds in combination, solubility can be improved and the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal composition can be adjusted.

[0051] Specific examples of low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compounds include those represented by the following formulas (LC-1) to (LC-77), but low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compounds are not limited to these.

[0052] [ka]

[0053] [ka]

[0054] The polymeric liquid crystalline compound is preferably a homopolymer or copolymer containing repeating units as described later, and may be any polymer such as a random polymer, block polymer, graft polymer, or star polymer.

[0055] (Repeating unit (1)) The polymeric liquid crystalline compound preferably contains a repeating unit represented by formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as "repeating unit (1)").

[0056] [ka]

[0057] In formula (1), PC1 represents the repeating main chain, L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, SP1 represents a spacer group, MG1 represents the mesogenic group MG in formula (LC) above, and T1 represents a terminal group.

[0058] Examples of the main chain of the repeating unit represented by PC1 include the groups represented by formulas (P1-A) to (P1-D), and among these, the group represented by the following formula (P1-A) is preferred from the viewpoint of the diversity of monomers used as raw materials and ease of handling.

[0059] [ka]

[0060] In equations (P1-A) to (P1-D), "*" represents the bond position with L1 in equation (1). In equations (P1-A) to (P1-D), R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C1-C10 alkoxy group. The alkyl group may be a linear or branched alkyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group (cycloalkyl group). The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 5. The group represented by formula (P1-A) is preferably a unit of the substructure of a poly(meth)acrylic acid ester obtained by polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid esters. The group represented by formula (P1-B) is preferably an ethylene glycol unit formed by ring-opening polymerization of the epoxy group of a compound having an epoxy group. The group represented by formula (P1-C) is preferably a propylene glycol unit formed by ring-opening polymerization of the oxetane group of a compound having an oxetane group. The group represented by formula (P1-D) is preferably a siloxane unit of a polysiloxane obtained by condensation polymerization of a compound having at least one of an alkoxysilyl group and a silanol group. Here, the compound having at least one of an alkoxysilyl group and a silanol group is a compound of formula SiR 14 (OR 15 Examples include compounds having a group represented by )2-. In the formula, R 14 R in (P1-D) 14It is synonymous with multiple R 15 Each of these independently represents either a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0061] The divalent linking group represented by L1 is a divalent linking group similar to LW in the above formula (W1), and preferred embodiments include -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -O-, -S-, and -C(O)NR. 16 -, -NR 16 C(O)-, -S(O)2-, and -NR 17 - are some examples. In the formula, R 16 and R 17 Each of these independently represents a C1-C6 alkyl group which may have a hydrogen atom or a substituent (for example, the substituent W mentioned above). In a specific example of a divalent linking group, the left bond is bonded to PC1 and the right bond is bonded to SP1. If PC1 is the group represented by formula (P1-A), then L1 is -C(O)O- or -C(O)NR 16 A base represented by - is preferred. When PC1 is a group represented by formulas (P1-B) to (P1-D), L1 is preferably a single bond.

[0062] The spacer group represented by SP1 represents the same groups as S1 and S2 in the above formula (LC), and from the viewpoint of orientation, it is preferable that the group includes at least one structure selected from the group consisting of oxyethylene structure, oxypropylene structure, polysiloxane structure and alkylene fluoride structure, or a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. However, the alkylene group may include -O-, -S-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-NR- (where R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), or -S(O)2-. The spacer group represented by SP1 is more preferably a group that includes at least one structure selected from the group consisting of an oxyethylene structure, an oxypropylene structure, a polysiloxane structure, and a fluorinated alkylene structure, from the viewpoint of ease of exhibiting liquid crystalline properties and the availability of raw materials. Here, the oxyethylene structure represented by SP1 is *-(CH2-CH2O)n1 A base represented by -* is preferred. In the formula, n1 represents an integer from 1 to 20, and * represents the bonding position with L1 or MG1. From the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention, n1 is preferably an integer from 2 to 10, more preferably an integer from 2 to 6, and most preferably 2 to 4. Furthermore, the oxypropylene structure represented by SP1 is *-(CH(CH3)-CH2O) n2 A base represented by -* is preferred. In the formula, n2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, and * represents the bond position with L1 or MG1. Furthermore, the polysiloxane structure represented by SP1 is *-(Si(CH3)2-O) n3 A base represented by -* is preferred. In the formula, n3 represents an integer from 6 to 10, and * represents the bond position with L1 or MG1. Furthermore, the alkylene fluoride structure represented by SP1 is *-(CF2-CF2) n4 A base represented by -* is preferred. In the formula, n4 represents an integer from 6 to 10, and * represents the bond position with L1 or MG1.

[0063] The terminal groups represented by T1 include hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, -SH, carboxyl, boronic acid, -SO3H, -PO3H2, and -NR. 11 R 12 (R 11 and R 12 Examples of these groups include, independently, a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C1-C10 alkylthio group, a C1-C10 alkoxycarbonyloxy group, a C1-C10 acyloxy group, a C1-C10 acylamino group, a C1-C10 alkoxycarbonyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxycarbonylamino group, a C1-C10 sulfonylamino group, a C1-C10 sulfamoyl group, a C1-C10 carbamoyl group, a C1-C10 sulfinyl group, a C1-C10 ureido group, and a crosslinking group-containing group. Examples of the crosslinking group-containing groups mentioned above include the -L-CL group described above. L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. Specific examples of linking groups are the same as those described above for LW and SPW. CL represents a crosslinking group, and examples include the group represented by Q1 or Q2 above, with the crosslinking groups represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-30) above being preferred. Furthermore, T1 may be a group formed by combining two or more of these groups. From the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention, T1 is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a methoxy group. These terminal groups may be further substituted with these groups or with polymerizable groups described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-244038. From the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention, the number of atoms in the main chain of T1 is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 15, even more preferably 1 to 10, and particularly preferably 1 to 7. Having 20 or fewer atoms in the main chain of T1 further improves the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Here, "main chain" in T1 refers to the longest molecular chain bonded to M1, and hydrogen atoms are not counted in the number of atoms in the main chain of T1. For example, if T1 is an n-butyl group, the number of atoms in the main chain is 4, and if T1 is a sec-butyl group, the number of atoms in the main chain is 3.

[0064] The content of repeating units (1) is preferably 40 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 50 to 95% by mass, relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. If the content of repeating unit (1) is 40% by mass or more, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with good orientation can be obtained. Also, if the content of repeating unit (1) is 100% by mass or less, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with good orientation can be obtained. The repeating unit (1) may be present as a single unit or as two or more units in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. If two or more repeating units (1) are present, the content of the repeating unit (1) refers to the total content of the repeating unit (1).

[0065] In equation (1), the difference between the logP values ​​of PC1, L1, and SP1 (hereinafter also referred to as "logP1") and the logP value of MG1 (hereinafter also referred to as "logP2") (|logP1-logP2|) is preferably 4 or more, more preferably 4.25 or more, and even more preferably 4.5 or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the orientation of the light absorption anisotropy layer. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of adjusting the liquid crystal phase transition temperature and suitability for synthesis, the upper limit of the above difference is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 12 or less, and even more preferably 10 or less. Here, the logP value is an index that expresses the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of a chemical structure, and is sometimes called the hydrophilic / hydrophobic parameter. The logP value can be calculated using software such as ChemBioDraw Ultra or HSPiP (Ver. 4.1.07). It can also be determined experimentally by methods such as those described in OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Sections 1, Test No. 117. In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the value calculated by inputting the structural formula of the compound into HSPiP (Ver. 4.1.07) will be adopted as the logP value.

[0066] As mentioned above, logP1 refers to the logP values ​​of PC1, L1, and SP1. "LogP values ​​of PC1, L1, and SP1" means the logP value of the structure PC1, L1, and SP1 as a whole, and not the sum of the individual logP values ​​of PC1, L1, and SP1. Specifically, logP1 is calculated by inputting the series of structural formulas from PC1 to SP1 in equation (1) into the software described above. However, when calculating logP1, for the part of the series of structural formulas from PC1 to SP1 that is represented by the group PC1, the structure of the group represented by PC1 itself (for example, formulas (P1-A) to (P1-D) mentioned above) may be used, or the structure of the group that can become PC1 after polymerization of the monomer used to obtain the repeating unit represented by formula (1) may be used. Here, specific examples of the latter (groups that can become PC1) are as follows: When PC1 is obtained by polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid esters, CH2=C(R 1 )- represents the group (R 1 ) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Furthermore, if PC1 is obtained by polymerization of ethylene glycol, it is ethylene glycol, and if PC1 is obtained by polymerization of propylene glycol, it is propylene glycol. Furthermore, if PC1 is obtained by polycondensation of silanol, it is silanol (formula Si(R 2 A compound represented by )3(OH). Multiple R 2 Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. However, multiple R 2 At least one of them represents an alkyl group.

[0067] logP1 is preferably 4 or more different from logP2 as described above, but it may be lower than logP2 or higher than logP2. Here, the logP value of a typical mesogenic group (logP2 as described above) tends to be in the range of 4 to 6. In this case, if logP1 is lower than logP2, the value of logP1 is preferably 1 or less, and more preferably 0 or less. On the other hand, if logP1 is higher than logP2, the value of logP1 is preferably 8 or more, and more preferably 9 or more. When PC1 in formula (1) is obtained by polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid ester and logP1 is lower than logP2, the logP value of SP1 in formula (1) is preferably 0.7 or less, and more preferably 0.5 or less. On the other hand, when PC1 in formula (1) is obtained by polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid ester and logP1 is higher than logP2, the logP value of SP1 in formula (1) is preferably 3.7 or more, and more preferably 4.2 or more. Examples of structures with a logP value of 1 or less include oxyethylene structures and oxypropylene structures. Examples of structures with a logP value of 6 or more include polysiloxane structures and alkylene fluorides.

[0068] From the viewpoint of improving the degree of orientation, it is preferable that the polymeric liquid crystalline compound contains repeating units having electron-donating and / or electron-withdrawing properties at its ends. More specifically, it is more preferable that it contains repeating units (21) having a mesogenic group and an electron-withdrawing group with a σp value greater than 0 at its end, and repeating units (22) having a mesogenic group and a group with a σp value of 0 or less at its end. In this way, when the polymeric liquid crystalline compound contains repeating units (21) and repeating units (22), the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer formed using it is improved compared to when it contains only either repeating unit (21) or repeating unit (22). The details of the reason for this are not clear, but it is generally presumed to be as follows. In other words, the opposite dipole moments generated in repeating units (21) and (22) interact intermolecularly, strengthening the interaction of the mesogenic groups in the short axis direction, which is thought to make the orientation of the liquid crystal more uniform. As a result, the order of the liquid crystal is expected to increase. This is thought to improve the orientation of the organic dichroic dye, and therefore the degree of orientation of the formed light-absorbing anisotropic layer is expected to increase. The repeating units (21) and (22) above may be the repeating units represented by formula (1) above.

[0069] Each repeating unit (21) comprises a mesogenic group and an electron-withdrawing group with a σp value greater than 0 located at the end of the mesogenic group. The electron-withdrawing group described above is located at the terminal end of the mesogenic group and is a group with a σp value greater than 0. Examples of electron-withdrawing groups (groups with a σp value greater than 0) include the group represented by EWG in formula (LCP-21) described later, and specific examples are similar. The σp value of the electron-withdrawing group is preferably 0.3 or higher, and more preferably 0.4 or higher, from the viewpoint of obtaining a higher degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The upper limit of the σp value of the electron-withdrawing group is preferably 1.2 or lower, and more preferably 1.0 or lower, from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent uniformity of orientation.

[0070] The σp value is Hammett's substituent constant σp value (also simply abbreviated as "σp value"), which numerically represents the effect of substituents on the acid dissociation equilibrium constant of substituted benzoic acid. It is a parameter that indicates the strength of the electron-withdrawing and electron-donating properties of the substituent. In this specification, Hammett's substituent constant σp value refers to the substituent constant σ when the substituent is located at the para position of benzoic acid. In this specification, the Hammett substituent constant σp values ​​for each group are those given in the reference "Hansch et al., Chemical Reviews, 1991, Vol, 91, No. 2, 165-195". For groups for which the Hammett substituent constant σp value is not given in the above reference, the Hammett substituent constant σp value can be calculated using the software "ACD / ChemSketch (ACD / Labs 8.00 Release Product Version: 8.08)" based on the difference between the pKa of benzoic acid and the pKa of a benzoic acid derivative with a substituent at the para position.

[0071] The repeating unit (21) is not particularly limited as long as it has a mesogenic group and an electron-withdrawing group with a σp value greater than 0 located at the end of the mesogenic group in its side chain. However, from the viewpoint of achieving a higher degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, it is preferable that the repeating unit be represented by the following formula (LCP-21).

[0072] [ka]

[0073] In formula (LCP-21), PC21 represents the repeating main chain, more specifically the same structure as PC1 in formula (1) above; L21 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, more specifically the same structure as L1 in formula (1) above; SP21A and SP21B each independently represent a single bond or a spacer group, with a specific example of the spacer group representing the same structure as SP1 in formula (1) above; MG21 represents a mesogenic structure, more specifically the mesogenic group MG in formula (LC) above; and EWG represents an electron-withdrawing group with a σp value greater than 0.

[0074] The spacer groups represented by SP21A and SP21B represent groups similar to those of formulas S1 and S2 above, and preferably include at least one structure selected from the group consisting of oxyethylene structure, oxypropylene structure, polysiloxane structure, and alkylene fluoride structure, or linear or branched alkylene groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. However, the alkylene group may include -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-O-. The spacer group represented by SP1 preferably includes at least one structure selected from the group consisting of oxyethylene structure, oxypropylene structure, polysiloxane structure, and fluorinated alkylene structure, from the viewpoint of easily exhibiting liquid crystalline properties and the availability of raw materials.

[0075] SP21B is preferably a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. However, the alkylene group may include -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-O-. Among these, the spacer group represented by SP21B is preferably a single bond from the viewpoint of achieving a higher degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. In other words, the repeating unit 21 preferably has a structure in which the electron-withdrawing group EWG in formula (LCP-21) is directly bonded to the mesogenic group MG21 in formula (LCP-21). When the electron-withdrawing group is directly bonded to the mesogenic group in this way, it is presumed that intermolecular interactions due to an appropriate dipole moment work more effectively in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound, resulting in a more uniform orientation of the liquid crystal. As a result, the order of the liquid crystal is increased, and the degree of orientation is considered to be higher.

[0076] EWG represents electron-withdrawing groups with a σp value greater than 0. Examples of electron-withdrawing groups with a σp value greater than 0 include ester groups (specifically, *-C(O)OR E (represented by), (meth)acryloyl group, (meth)acryloyloxy group, carboxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, sulfo group, -S(O)(O)-OR E ,-S(O)(O)-R E, -OS(O)(O)-R E , acyl group (specifically, *-C(O)R E (The group represented by *-OC(O)R) E The group represented by , isocyanate group (-N=C(O)), *-C(O)N(R F )2. Examples include halogen atoms and alkyl groups substituted with these groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms). In each of the above groups, * indicates the bond position with SP21B. R E R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms). F Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms). Among the above groups, EWG is selected from the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention as *-C(O)OR E The group represented by , (meth)acryloyloxy group, cyano group, or nitro group is preferred.

[0077] From the viewpoint of maintaining a high degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer while uniformly oriented the polymer liquid crystalline compound and the organic dichroic dye, the content of repeating units (21) is preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 45% by mass or less, relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymer liquid crystalline compound. From the viewpoint of better demonstrating the effects of the present invention, the lower limit of the content of repeating units (21) is preferably 1% by mass or more, and more preferably 3% by mass or more, relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. In this invention, the content of each repeating unit in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is calculated based on the amount (mass) of each monomer used to obtain each repeating unit. The repeating unit (21) may be present as a single unit or as two or more units in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. When the polymeric liquid crystalline compound contains two or more repeating units (21), there are advantages such as improved solubility of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound in the solvent and easier adjustment of the liquid crystal phase transition temperature. When two or more repeating units (21) are present, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0078] If the repeating unit (21) contains two or more types, a repeating unit (21) that does not contain a crosslinking group in the EWG and a repeating unit (21) that contains a polymerizable group in the EWG may be used in combination. This further improves the curability of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Preferably, the crosslinkable group is a vinyl group, butadiene group, (meth)acrylic group, (meth)acrylamide group, vinyl acetate group, fumarate ester group, styryl group, vinylpyrrolidone group, maleic anhydride, maleimide group, vinyl ether group, epoxy group, or oxetanyl group. In this case, from the viewpoint of balancing the curability and orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, it is preferable that the content of repeating units (21) containing polymerizable groups in the EWG is 1 to 30% by mass relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound.

[0079] An example of a repeating unit (21) is shown below, but the repeating unit (21) is not limited to the repeating unit shown below.

[0080] [ka]

[0081] The inventors diligently investigated the composition (content ratio) and electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties of the terminal groups of repeating units (21) and (22). As a result, they found that when the electron-withdrawing properties of the electron-withdrawing group of repeating unit (21) are strong (i.e., when the σp value is large), lowering the content ratio of repeating unit (21) increases the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Conversely, when the electron-withdrawing properties of the electron-withdrawing group of repeating unit (21) are weak (i.e., when the σp value is close to 0), increasing the content ratio of repeating unit (21) increases the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Although the details of this reason are not clear, it is generally estimated as follows: It is presumed that intermolecular interactions due to an appropriate dipole moment act within the polymeric liquid crystalline compound, resulting in a more uniform orientation of the liquid crystals. Consequently, the degree of order in the liquid crystals increases, and the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer increases. Specifically, the product of the σp value of the electron-withdrawing group (EWG in formula (LCP-21)) in the repeating unit (21) and the content ratio (by mass) of the repeating unit (21) in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is preferably 0.020 to 0.150, more preferably 0.050 to 0.130, and even more preferably 0.055 to 0.125. If the above product is within the above range, the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer will be higher.

[0082] The repeating unit (22) has a mesogenic group and a group with a σp value of 0 or less located at the end of the mesogenic group. The presence of the repeating unit (22) in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound allows for uniform orientation of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound and the organic dichroic dye. The mesogenic group is the main structural group of liquid crystal molecules that contributes to liquid crystal formation. The details are explained later in formula (LCP-22) by MG, and specific examples are also given in the same way. The above-mentioned group is located at the terminal end of a mesogenic group and is a group with a σp value of 0 or less. Examples of the above-mentioned group (a group with a σp value of 0 or less) include a hydrogen atom with a σp value of 0, and the group represented by T22 in the formula (LCP-22) described later (an electron-donating group) with a σp value less than 0. Specific examples of the above-mentioned group with a σp value less than 0 (an electron-donating group) are the same as T22 in the formula (LCP-22) described later. The σp value of the above group is 0 or less, and from the viewpoint of superior orientation uniformity, it is preferably less than 0, more preferably -0.1 or less, and even more preferably -0.2 or less. The lower limit of the σp value of the above group is preferably -0.9 or higher, and more preferably -0.7 or higher.

[0083] The repeating unit (22) is not particularly limited as long as it has a mesogenic group and a group with a σp value of 0 or less located at the end of the mesogenic group in its side chain. However, from the viewpoint of achieving greater uniformity of liquid crystal orientation, it is preferable that the repeating unit is not one represented by the above formula (LCP-21) but rather one represented by the following formula (PCP-22).

[0084] [ka]

[0085] In formula (LCP-22), PC22 represents the repeating main chain, more specifically the same structure as PC1 in formula (1) above; L22 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, more specifically the same structure as L1 in formula (1) above; SP22 represents a spacer group, more specifically the same structure as SP1 in formula (1) above; MG22 represents a mesogenic structure, more specifically the same structure as the mesogenic group MG in formula (LC) above; and T22 represents an electron-donating group with a Hammett substituent constant σp value less than 0.

[0086] T22 represents an electron-donating group with a σp value less than 0. Examples of electron-donating groups with a σp value less than 0 include hydroxyl groups, alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and alkylamino groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is further improved when the number of atoms in the main chain of T22 is 20 or less. Here, the "main chain" in T22 refers to the longest molecular chain bonded to MG22, and hydrogen atoms are not counted in the number of atoms in the main chain of T22. For example, if T22 is an n-butyl group, the number of atoms in the main chain is 4, and if T22 is a sec-butyl group, the number of atoms in the main chain is 3.

[0087] An example of a repeating unit (22) is shown below, but the repeating unit (22) is not limited to the repeating unit shown below.

[0088] [ka]

[0089] It is preferable that repeating units (21) and (22) share some structural similarities. The more similar the structures of the repeating units are, the more uniformly the liquid crystals are expected to align. This results in a higher degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Specifically, from the viewpoint of increasing the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, it is preferable that at least one of the following conditions be met: SP21A of formula (LCP-21) and SP22 of formula (LCP-22) have the same structure; MG21 of formula (LCP-21) and MG22 of formula (LCP-22) have the same structure; and L21 of formula (LCP-21) and L22 of formula (LCP-22) have the same structure. It is more preferable that two or more conditions be met, and it is particularly preferable that all of these conditions be met.

[0090] From the viewpoint of excellent uniformity of orientation, the content of repeating units (22) is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 55% by mass or more, and even more preferably 60% by mass or more, relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. From the viewpoint of improving the degree of orientation, the upper limit of the content of repeating units (22) is preferably 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 97% by mass or less, relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. The repeating unit (22) may be present as a single unit or as two or more units in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. When the polymeric liquid crystalline compound contains two or more repeating units (22), there are advantages such as improved solubility of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound in the solvent and easier adjustment of the liquid crystal phase transition temperature. When two or more repeating units (22) are present, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0091] Polymeric liquid crystalline compounds can contain repeating units (3) that do not contain mesogens, from the viewpoint of improving solubility in general-purpose solvents. In particular, in order to improve solubility while suppressing a decrease in the degree of orientation, it is preferable that the repeating units (3) that do not contain mesogens have a molecular weight of 280 or less. The reason why including repeating units with a molecular weight of 280 or less that do not contain mesogens can improve solubility while suppressing a decrease in the degree of orientation is presumed to be as follows. In other words, the presence of non-mesogenic repeating units (3) in the molecular chain of a polymeric liquid crystalline compound improves solubility because it allows solvents to penetrate the polymeric liquid crystalline compound more easily. However, the non-mesogenic repeating units (3) are thought to reduce the degree of orientation. Nevertheless, it is presumed that the small molecular weight of the repeating units makes it less likely for the orientation of the repeating units (1), (21), or (22) containing the mesogenic group to be disrupted, thereby suppressing the decrease in the degree of orientation.

[0092] The repeating unit (3) described above is preferably a repeating unit with a molecular weight of 280 or less. The molecular weight of repeating unit (3) does not refer to the molecular weight of the monomer used to obtain repeating unit (3), but rather to the molecular weight of repeating unit (3) in the state in which it is incorporated into the polymeric liquid crystalline compound by polymerization of the monomer. The molecular weight of the repeating unit (3) is preferably 280 or less, more preferably 180 or less, and even more preferably 100 or less. The lower limit of the molecular weight of the repeating unit (3) is usually 40 or more, and more preferably 50 or more. If the molecular weight of the repeating unit (3) is 280 or less, the solubility of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is superior, and a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with a higher degree of orientation can be obtained.

[0093] Specific examples of repeating units (3) include repeating units that do not contain crosslinking groups (e.g., ethylenically unsaturated groups) (hereinafter also referred to as "repeating unit (3-1)") and repeating units that contain crosslinking groups (hereinafter also referred to as "repeating unit (3-2)").

[0094] Specific examples of monomers used in the polymerization of the repeating unit (3-1) include acrylic acid [72.1], α-alkylacrylic acids (e.g., methacrylic acid [86.1], itaconic acid [130.1]), and esters and amides derived therefrom (e.g., Ni-propylacrylamide [113.2], Nn-butylacrylamide [127.2], Nt-butylacrylamide [127.2], N,N-dimethylacrylamide [99.1], N-methylmethacrylamide [99.1], acrylamide [71.1], methacrylamide [85.1]). Diacetone acrylamide [169.2], acryloylmorpholine [141.2], N-methylolacrylamide [101.1], N-methylolmethacrylamide [115.1], methyl acrylate [86.0], ethyl acrylate [100.1], hydroxyethyl acrylate [116.1], n-propyl acrylate [114.1], i-propyl acrylate [114.2], 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate [130.1], 2-methyl-2-nitropropyl acrylate [173.2], n-butyl acrylate

[128] .2], i-butyl acrylate [128.2], t-butyl acrylate [128.2], t-pentyl acrylate [142.2], 2-methoxyethyl acrylate [130.1], 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate [144.2], 2-ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate [188.2], 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate [154.1], 2,2-dimethylbutyl acrylate [156.2], 3-methoxybutyl acrylate [158.2], ethyl carbitol acrylate [188.2], phenoxyethyl acrylate [192.2], n-pentyl acrylate [142.2], n-hexyl acrylate [156.2], cyclohexyl acrylate [154.2], cyclopentyl acrylate [140.2], benzyl acrylate [162.2], n-octyl acrylate [184.3], 2-ethylhexyl acrylate [184.3], 4-methyl-2-propylpentyl acrylate [198.3], methyl methacrylate [100.1], 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate [168.1], hydroxyethyl methacrylate [130.1], 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate [144.2], n-butyl methacrylate [142.2], i-butyl methacrylate [142.2], sec-butyl methacrylate [142.2], n-octyl methacrylate [198.3], 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate [198.3], 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate [144.2], 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate [158.2], benzyl methacrylate [176.2], 2-norbornyl methyl methacrylate [194.3], 5-norbornene-2-ylmethacrylate (e.g., methyl methacrylate [194.3], dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate [157.2]), vinyl esters (e.g., vinyl acetate [86.1]), esters derived from maleic acid or fumaric acid (e.g., dimethyl maleate [144.1], diethyl fumarate [172.2]), maleimides (e.g., N-phenylmaleimide [173.2]), maleic acid [116.1], fumaric acid [116.1], p-styrene sulfonic acid [184.1], acrylonitrile [53.1], methacrylonitrile [67.1], dienes (e.g.) For example, butadiene [54.1], cyclopentadiene [66.1], isoprene [68.1]), aromatic vinyl compounds (e.g., styrene [104.2], p-chlorostyrene [138.6], t-butylstyrene [160.3], α-methylstyrene [118.2]), N-vinylpyrrolidone [111.1], N-vinyloxazolidone [113.1], N-vinylsuccinimide [125.1], N-vinylformamide [71.1], N-vinyl-N-methylformamide [85.1], N-vinylacetamide [85.1], N-vinyl Examples include nyl-N-methylacetamide [99.1], 1-vinylimidazole [94.1], 4-vinylpyridine [105.2], vinylsulfonic acid [108.1], sodium vinylsulfonate [130.2], sodium allylsulfonate [144.1], sodium methallylsulfonate [158.2], vinylidene chloride [96.9], vinyl alkyl ethers (e.g., methyl vinyl ether [58.1]), ethylene [28.0], propylene [42.1], 1-butene [56.1], and isobutene [56.1]. The numbers in brackets [ ] represent the molecular weight of the monomer. The above monomers may be used individually or in combination of two or more. Among the monomers mentioned above, acrylic acid, α-alkylacrylic acid compounds, esters and amides derived therefrom, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and aromatic vinyl compounds are preferred. Other monomers that can be used include, for example, the compounds described in Research Disclosure No. 1955 (July 1980).

[0095] The following shows specific examples of repeating units (3-1) and their molecular weights, but the present invention is not limited to these specific examples.

[0096] [ka]

[0097] In the repeating unit (3-2), specific examples of crosslinkable groups include the crosslinkable groups represented by the above formulas (P-1) to (P-30), with vinyl groups, butadiene groups, (meth)acrylic groups, (meth)acrylamide groups, vinyl acetate groups, fumarate ester groups, styryl groups, vinylpyrrolidone groups, maleic anhydride, maleimide groups, vinyl ether groups, epoxy groups, or oxetanyl groups being more preferred. From the viewpoint of ease of polymerization, the repeating unit (3-2) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3).

[0098] [ka]

[0099] In formula (3) above, PC32 represents the repeating main chain, more specifically the same structure as PC1 in formula (1) above; L32 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, more specifically the same structure as L1 in formula (1) above; and P32 represents the crosslinking group represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-30) above.

[0100] The following shows specific examples of repeating units (3-2) and their weight-average molecular weight (Mw), but the present invention is not limited to these specific examples.

[0101] [ka]

[0102] The content of repeating units (3) is preferably less than 14% by mass, more preferably 7% by mass or less, and even more preferably 5% by mass or less, relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. The lower limit of the content of repeating units (3) is preferably 2% by mass or more, and more preferably 3% by mass or more, relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. If the content of repeating units (3) is less than 14% by mass, the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is further improved. If the content of repeating units (3) is 2% by mass or more, the solubility of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is further improved. The repeating unit (3) may be present as a single unit or as two or more units in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. When two or more repeating units (3) are present, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0103] Polymeric liquid crystalline compounds can contain repeating units (4) with long, flexible molecular chains (SP4 in equation (4) described later). The reason for this is presumed to be as follows. In other words, the inclusion of such a flexible structure with long molecular chains facilitates entanglement among the molecular chains constituting the polymeric liquid crystalline compound, thereby suppressing aggregate breakdown of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer (specifically, breakdown of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer itself). As a result, it is presumed that the adhesion between the light-absorbing anisotropic layer and the underlying layer (e.g., substrate or orientation layer) is improved. Furthermore, the decrease in planar uniformity is thought to be caused by the low compatibility between the organic dichroic dye and the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. That is, if the compatibility between the organic dichroic dye and the polymeric liquid crystalline compound is insufficient, it is thought that planar defects (orientation defects) will occur with the precipitated organic dichroic dye as the nucleus. In contrast, it is presumed that the inclusion of a flexible structure with long molecular chains in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound suppresses the precipitation of the organic dichroic dye, resulting in a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with excellent planar uniformity. Here, excellent planar uniformity means that there are few orientation defects caused by the liquid crystal composition containing the polymeric liquid crystalline compound being repelled on the underlying layer (e.g., substrate or orientation layer).

[0104] The repeating unit (4) described above is the repeating unit represented by the following formula (4).

[0105] [ka]

[0106] In formula (4) above, PC4 represents a repeating main chain, more specifically a structure similar to PC1 in formula (1) above; L4 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, more specifically a structure similar to L1 in formula (1) above (a single bond is preferred); SP4 represents an alkylene group with 10 or more atoms in the main chain; and T4 represents a terminal group, more specifically a structure similar to T1 in formula (1) above.

[0107] Specific examples and preferred embodiments of PC4 are the same as those of PC1 in formula (1), so their explanation will be omitted.

[0108] From the viewpoint of better demonstrating the effects of the present invention, a single bond is preferred for L4.

[0109] In formula (4), SP4 represents an alkylene group having 10 or more atoms in the main chain. Provided that one or more -CH₂- groups constituting the alkylene group represented by SP4 may be replaced by the above-mentioned "SP-C", and in particular, -O-, -S-, -N(R 21 )-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(R 22 )=C(R 23 )-, an alkynylene group, -Si(R 24 )(R 25 )-, -N=N-, -C(R 26 )=N-N=C(R 27 )-, -C(R 28 )=N- and S(=O)₂-, it is preferably substituted with at least one group selected from the group consisting of. Provided that R 21 to R 28 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Further, a hydrogen atom contained in one or more -CH₂- groups constituting the alkylene group represented by SP4 may be replaced by the above-mentioned "SP-H".

[0110] The number of atoms in the main chain of SP4 is 10 or more, and from the viewpoint of obtaining a light absorption anisotropic layer that is more excellent in at least one of adhesion and surface uniformity, 15 or more is preferable, and 19 or more is more preferable. Further, the upper limit of the number of atoms in the main chain of SP4 is preferably 70 or less, more preferably 60 or less, and still more preferably 50 or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining a light absorption anisotropic layer with more excellent orientation degree. Here, the "main chain" in SP4 means the partial structure necessary for directly connecting L4 and T4, and the "number of atoms in the main chain" means the number of atoms constituting the partial structure. In other words, the "main chain" in SP4 is the partial structure that minimizes the number of atoms connecting L4 and T4. For example, when SP4 is a 3,7-dimethyldecanyl group, the number of atoms in the main chain is 10, and when SP4 is a 4,6-dimethyldodecanyl group, the number of atoms in the main chain is 12. Further, in the following formula (4-1), the area inside the frame represented by the dotted rectangle corresponds to SP4, and the number of atoms in the main chain of SP4 (corresponding to the total number of atoms circled by the dotted line) is 11.

[0111] [ka]

[0112] The alkylene group represented by SP4 may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group represented by SP4 is preferably 8 to 80, more preferably 15 to 80, even more preferably 25 to 70, and particularly preferably 25 to 60, from the viewpoint of obtaining a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with excellent orientation.

[0113] From the viewpoint of obtaining a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with excellent adhesion and planar uniformity, it is preferable that one or more -CH2- groups constituting the alkylene group represented by SP4 are replaced by the aforementioned "SP-C". Furthermore, when there are multiple -CH2- groups constituting the alkylene group represented by SP4, it is more preferable that only a portion of the multiple -CH2- groups are replaced by the aforementioned "SP-C" from the viewpoint of obtaining a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with excellent adhesion and planar uniformity.

[0114] Among "SP-C", -O-, -S-, -N(R 21 )-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(R 22 )=C(R 23 )-, alkynylene group, -Si(R 24 )(R 25 )-, -N=N-, -C(R 26 )=NN=C(R 27 )-,-C(R 28 At least one group selected from the group consisting of -O- and -S(=O)2- is preferred, and from the viewpoint of obtaining a light absorption anisotropy layer with excellent adhesion and planar uniformity, -O-, -N(R 21 At least one group selected from the group consisting of -, -C(=O)- and -S(=O)2- is more preferably -O-, -N(R 21 At least one group selected from the group consisting of )- and -C(=O)- is particularly preferred. 21 ~R 28Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In particular, SP4 is preferably a group that includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxyalkylene structure in which one or more -CH2- constituting the alkylene group are replaced by -O-, an ester structure in which one or more -CH2-CH2- constituting the alkylene group are replaced by -O- and -C(=O)-, and a urethane bond in which one or more -CH2-CH2-CH2- constituting the alkylene group are replaced by -O-, -C(=O)- and -NH-.

[0115] The hydrogen atoms in one or more -CH2- groups that make up the alkylene group represented by SP4 may be replaced by the aforementioned "SP-H". In this case, it is sufficient that one or more hydrogen atoms in -CH2- are replaced by "SP-H". That is, only one hydrogen atom in -CH2- may be replaced by "SP-H", or all (2) hydrogen atoms in -CH2- may be replaced by "SP-H". It is preferable that "SP-H" is at least one group selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and it is more preferable that it is at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0116] As described above, T4 represents a terminal group similar to T1, and is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a boronic acid group, an amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a phenyl group which may have a substituent, or -L-CL (L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. Specific examples of divalent linking groups are the same as LW and SPW described above. CL represents a crosslinking group, and examples include the group represented by Q1 or Q2 above, with crosslinking groups represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-30) being preferred). The CL is preferably a vinyl group, a butadiene group, a (meth)acrylic group, a (meth)acrylamide group, a vinyl acetate group, a fumarate ester group, a styryl group, a vinylpyrrolidone group, maleic anhydride, a maleimide group, a vinyl ether group, an epoxy group, or an oxetanyl group. The epoxy group may be an epoxycycloalkyl group, and the number of carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl portion of the epoxycycloalkyl group is preferably 3 to 15, more preferably 5 to 12, and even more preferably 6 (i.e., when the epoxycycloalkyl group is an epoxycyclohexyl group) from the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention. Examples of substituents for the oxetanyl group include alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention. The alkyl group as a substituent for the oxetanyl group may be linear or branched, but it is preferable that it be linear from the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention. Examples of substituents on the phenyl group include boronic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, vinyl groups, and amino groups. From the viewpoint of achieving superior effects in the present invention, boronic acid groups are preferred.

[0117] Specific examples of the repeating unit (4) include the following structure, but the present invention is not limited to these. In the following specific examples, n1 represents an integer of 2 or more, and n2 represents an integer of 1 or more.

[0118] [ka]

[0119] The content of repeating units (4) is preferably 2 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 3 to 18% by mass, relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. If the content of repeating units (4) is 2% by mass or more, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with superior adhesion can be obtained. If the content of repeating units (4) is 20% by mass or less, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with superior planar uniformity can be obtained. The repeating unit (4) may be present alone or in combination of two or more types in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. If two or more types of repeating units (4) are present, the content of the repeating unit (4) refers to the total content of the repeating units (4).

[0120] From the viewpoint of planar uniformity, polymeric liquid crystalline compounds may contain repeating units (5) introduced by polymerizing polyfunctional monomers. In particular, in order to improve planar uniformity while suppressing a decrease in the degree of orientation, it is preferable to include 10% by mass or less of these repeating units (5) introduced by polymerizing polyfunctional monomers, relative to the total repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. The reason why including 10% by mass or less of the repeating units (5) can improve planar uniformity while suppressing a decrease in the degree of orientation is presumed to be as follows. The repeating unit (5) is a unit introduced into the polymeric liquid crystalline compound by polymerizing the polyfunctional monomer. Therefore, it is thought that the polymeric liquid crystalline compound contains high molecular weight molecules that form a three-dimensional crosslinked structure by the repeating unit (5). However, since the content of the repeating unit (5) is small, the content of high molecular weight molecules containing the repeating unit (5) is considered to be small. It is presumed that the presence of a small amount of high molecular weight material forming this three-dimensional crosslinked structure suppressed the repulsion of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition, resulting in a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with excellent planar uniformity. Furthermore, it is presumed that the effect of suppressing the decrease in the degree of orientation was maintained because the content of high molecular weight compounds was small.

[0121] The repeating unit (5) introduced by polymerizing the polyfunctional monomer is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following formula (5).

[0122]

Chemical Formula

[0123] In formula (5), PC5A and PC5B each represent a main chain of the repeating unit, more specifically, they each represent the same structure as PC1 in the above formula (1); L5A and L5B each represent a single bond or a divalent linking group, more specifically, they each represent the same structure as L1 in the above formula (1); SP5A and SP5B each represent a spacer group, more specifically, they each represent the same structure as SP1 in the above formula (1); MG5A and MG5B each represent a mesogen structure, more specifically, they each represent the same structure as the mesogen group MG in the above formula (LC); and a and b each represent an integer of 0 or 1.

[0124] PC5A and PC5B may be the same group or different groups from each other, but from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light absorption anisotropic layer, they are preferably the same group. L5A and L5B may each be a single bond, may be the same group, or may be different groups from each other. From the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light absorption anisotropic layer, it is preferable that both are a single bond or the same group, and it is more preferable that they are the same group. SP5A and SP5B may each be a single bond, may be the same group, or may be different groups from each other. From the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light absorption anisotropic layer, it is preferable that both are a single bond or the same group, and it is more preferable that they are the same group. Here, the expression "the same group" in formula (5) means that the chemical structure is the same regardless of the bonding direction of each group. For example, when SP5A is *-CH2-CH2-O-** (* represents the bonding position to L5A, ** represents the bonding position to MG5A) and SP5B is *-O-CH2-CH2-** (* represents the bonding position to MG5B, ** represents the bonding position to L5B), they are also considered to be the same group.

[0125] a and b are each independently an integer of 0 or 1, and are preferably 1 from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. a and b may be the same or different, but both are preferably 1 from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The sum of a and b is preferably 1 or 2 (that is, the repeating unit represented by Formula (5) has a mesogenic group), and more preferably 2, from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0126] -(MG5A) a -(MG5B) b - The partial structure represented by preferably has a cyclic structure from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. In this case, from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, -(MG5A2) a -(MG5B) b The number of cyclic structures in the partial structure represented by - is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 8, still more preferably 2 to 6, and particularly preferably 2 to 4. The mesogenic groups represented by MG5A and MG5B each independently preferably contain one or more cyclic structures, more preferably 2 to 4, still more preferably 2 to 3, and particularly preferably 2, from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Specific examples of the cyclic structure include an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, and an alicyclic group, and among these, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic group is preferable. MG5A and MG5B may be the same group or different groups from each other, but are preferably the same group from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0127] As the mesogenic groups represented by MG5A and MG5B, the mesogenic group MG in the above formula (LC) is preferable from the viewpoints of expression of liquid crystallinity, adjustment of liquid crystal phase transition temperature, raw material availability and synthetic suitability, and from the viewpoint that the effects of the present invention are more excellent.

[0128] In particular, it is preferable that the repeating unit (5) has the same group as PC5A and PC5B, L5A and L5B are both single-bonded or the same group, SP5A and SP5B are both single-bonded or the same group, and MG5A and MG5B are the same group. This further improves the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0129] The content of repeating units (5) is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, and even more preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, relative to the total content of repeating units (100% by mass) of the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. The repeating unit (5) may be present as a single unit or as two or more units in the polymeric liquid crystalline compound. When two or more repeating units (5) are present, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0130] The polymeric liquid crystalline compound may be a star-shaped polymer. In this invention, a star-shaped polymer means a polymer having three or more polymer chains extending from a nucleus, and specifically, a polymer represented by the following formula (6). The star-shaped polymer represented by formula (6) as a polymeric liquid crystalline compound can form a highly oriented, light-absorbing anisotropic layer while exhibiting high solubility (excellent solubility in solvents).

[0131] [ka]

[0132] In formula (6), n A n represents an integer of 3 or greater, preferably an integer of 4 or greater. A The upper limit is not limited to this, but is usually 12 or less, and preferably 6 or less. Each of the multiple PIs independently represents a polymer chain containing one of the repeating units represented by formulas (1), (21), (22), (3), (4), and (5) above. However, at least one of the multiple PIs represents a polymer chain containing the repeating unit represented by formula (1) above. A represents the atomic group that forms the core of the star-shaped polymer. Specific examples of A include structures obtained by removing hydrogen atoms from the thiol group of polyfunctional thiol compounds described in paragraphs

[0052] to

[0058] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-074280, paragraphs

[0017] to

[0021] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-189847, paragraphs

[0012] to

[0024] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-031986, and paragraphs

[0118] to

[0142] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-104631. In this case, A and PI are bonded by a sulfide bond.

[0133] The number of thiol groups in the polyfunctional thiol compound from which A is derived is preferably three or more, and more preferably four or more. The upper limit of the number of thiol groups in the polyfunctional thiol compound is usually 12 or less, and preferably 6 or less. Specific examples of polyfunctional thiol compounds are shown below.

[0134] [ka]

[0135] From the viewpoint of improving the degree of orientation, the polymeric liquid crystalline compound may be a thermotropic liquid crystal and a crystalline polymer.

[0136] Thermotropic liquid crystals are liquid crystals that exhibit a transition to a liquid crystal phase in response to temperature changes. The thermotropic liquid crystal may exhibit either a nematic phase or a smectic phase, but it is preferable that it exhibits at least a nematic phase from the viewpoint of achieving a higher degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropy layer and making haze less observable (better haze). The temperature range in which the nematic phase is observed is preferably room temperature (23°C) to 450°C, as this results in a higher degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer and less observation of haze. From the viewpoint of handling and manufacturing suitability, 40 to 400°C is more preferable.

[0137] Crystalline polymers are polymers that exhibit a transition to a crystalline layer in response to temperature changes. Crystalline polymers may also exhibit a glass transition in addition to a transition to a crystalline layer. For crystalline polymers, it is preferable to use polymeric liquid crystalline compounds that undergo a transition from the crystalline phase to the liquid crystal phase when heated (even if there is a glass transition in between), or polymeric liquid crystalline compounds that undergo a transition to the crystalline phase (even if there is a glass transition in between) when the temperature is lowered after becoming liquid crystal by heating, because this results in a higher degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer and makes haze less observable.

[0138] The presence or absence of crystallinity in polymeric liquid crystalline compounds is evaluated as follows. Two anisotropic light-absorbing layers of an optical microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE E600 POL) are positioned orthogonally to each other, and a sample stage is placed between the two layers. A small amount of the polymer liquid crystalline compound is placed on a glass slide, and the slide is placed on a hot stage on the sample stage. While observing the state of the sample, the temperature of the hot stage is raised to the temperature at which the polymer liquid crystalline compound exhibits liquid crystalline properties, causing the polymer liquid crystalline compound to become liquid crystalline. After the polymer liquid crystalline compound becomes liquid crystalline, the behavior of the liquid crystalline phase transition is observed while gradually lowering the temperature of the hot stage, and the temperature of the liquid crystalline phase transition is recorded. If the polymer liquid crystalline compound exhibits multiple liquid crystalline phases (e.g., nematic phase and smectic phase), all transition temperatures are also recorded. Next, place approximately 5 mg of a polymeric liquid crystalline compound sample in an aluminum pan, cover it, and set it in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) (an empty aluminum pan is used as a reference). Heat the polymeric liquid crystalline compound to the temperature at which it exhibits the liquid crystal phase, and then maintain the temperature for 1 minute. After that, measure the calorimetry while cooling at a rate of 10°C / min. Confirm the exothermic peak from the obtained calorimetry spectrum. As a result, if an exothermic peak is observed at a temperature other than the liquid crystal phase transition temperature, that exothermic peak is due to crystallization, and the polymer liquid crystalline compound can be said to be crystalline. On the other hand, if no exothermic peak is observed at a temperature other than the liquid crystal phase transition temperature, it can be concluded that the polymer liquid crystalline compound has no crystallinity.

[0139] The method for obtaining the crystalline polymer is not particularly limited, but as a specific example, a method using a polymer liquid crystalline compound containing the repeating unit (1) described above is preferable, and among these, a method using a preferred embodiment of the polymer liquid crystalline compound containing the repeating unit (1) described above is more preferable.

[0140] The crystallization temperature of the polymer liquid crystalline compound is preferably -50°C or higher and lower than 150°C, more preferably 120°C or lower, still more preferably -20°C or higher and lower than 120°C, and particularly preferably 95°C or lower, since this results in a higher degree of orientation of the photoabsorption anisotropic layer and makes haze less likely to be observed. From the viewpoint of reducing haze, the crystallization temperature of the polymer liquid crystalline compound is preferably lower than 150°C. Note that the crystallization temperature is the temperature of the exothermic peak resulting from crystallization in the DSC measurement described above.

[0141] From the viewpoint of further improving the effects of the present invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer liquid crystalline compound is preferably 1,000 to 500,000, more preferably 2,000 to 300,000. When the Mw of the polymer liquid crystalline compound falls within the above range, handling of the polymer liquid crystalline compound becomes easier. In particular, from the viewpoint of suppressing cracking during coating, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer liquid crystalline compound is preferably 10,000 or more, and more preferably 10,000 to 300,000. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of the temperature latitude of the degree of orientation, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer liquid crystalline compound is preferably less than 10,000, and more preferably 2,000 or more and less than 10,000. Here, the weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight in the present invention are values measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). ·Solvent (eluent): N-methylpyrrolidone ·Equipment name: TOSOH HLC-8220GPC • Column: Three TOSOH TSKgelSuperAWM-H (6mm x 15cm) columns connected together are used. • Column temperature: 25℃ • Sample concentration: 0.1% by mass ·Flow rate: 0.35mL / min • Calibration curve: A calibration curve was used based on 7 samples of TOSOH TSK standard polystyrene with Mw=2,800,000 to 1,050 (Mw / Mn=1.03 to 1.06).

[0142] The liquid crystalline properties of polymeric liquid crystalline compounds may be either nematic or smectic, but it is preferable that they exhibit at least nematic properties. The temperature range in which the nematic phase is observed is preferably 0 to 450°C, and from the viewpoint of handling and manufacturing suitability, it is preferably 30 to 400°C.

[0143] The content of the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound is preferably 10 to 97% by mass, more preferably 40 to 95% by mass, and even more preferably 60 to 95% by mass, relative to the total mass of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, from the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention. When the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound contains a polymer liquid crystalline compound, the content of the polymer liquid crystalline compound is preferably 10 to 99 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 95 parts by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 90 parts by mass, based on the total mass (100 parts by mass) of the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound. When the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound contains a low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound, the content of the low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound is preferably 1 to 90 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 70 parts by mass, and even more preferably 10 to 60 parts by mass, based on the total mass (100 parts by mass) of the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound. When the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound contains both a high-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound and a low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound, the mass ratio of the low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound to the high-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound (low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound / high-molecular-weight liquid crystalline compound) is preferably 5 / 95 to 70 / 30, and more preferably 10 / 90 to 50 / 50, from the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention.

[0144] The content of the liquid crystalline compound is preferably 25 to 2000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 1300 parts by mass, and even more preferably 200 to 900 parts by mass, based on the content of the dichroic substance in the total mass of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Having the liquid crystalline compound content within the above range further improves the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The liquid crystalline compound may be present as a single compound or as two or more compounds. If two or more liquid crystalline compounds are present, the content of the liquid crystalline compound refers to the total content of the liquid crystalline compounds.

[0145] [Organic dichroic dye] The organic dichroic dye used in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "dichroic substance") is not particularly limited, but a visible light absorbing organic dichroic dye is preferred, and an organic dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the visible light region (wavelength of about 400 to 700 nm) is more preferred.

[0146] Particularly preferred organic dichroic dyes are dichroic azo dye compounds. The dichroic azo dye compound is not particularly limited, and conventionally known dichroic azo dyes can be used, but the compounds described below are preferred.

[0147] In this invention, a dichroic azo dye compound means a dye whose absorbance differs depending on the direction. The dichroic azo dye compound may or may not exhibit liquid crystalline properties. When a dichroic azo dye compound exhibits liquid crystalline properties, it may exhibit either nematic or smectic properties. The temperature range in which the liquid crystalline phase is exhibited is preferably room temperature (approximately 20°C to 28°C) to 300°C, and more preferably 50°C to 200°C from the viewpoint of handling and manufacturing suitability.

[0148] In the present invention, from the viewpoint of color adjustment, it is preferable that the light-absorbing anisotropic layer contains at least one dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 700 nm (hereinafter also referred to as the "first dichroic azo dye compound") and at least one dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 nm or more and less than 560 nm (hereinafter also referred to as the "second dichroic azo dye compound"). More specifically, it is more preferable that it contains at least a dichroic azo dye compound represented by formula (1), described later, and a dichroic azo dye compound represented by formula (2), described later.

[0149] In the present invention, three or more dichroic azo dye compounds may be used in combination. For example, from the viewpoint of making the light-absorbing anisotropic layer closer to black, it is preferable to use a first dichroic azo dye compound, a second dichroic azo dye compound, and at least one dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 380 nm to less than 455 nm (hereinafter also referred to as the "third dichroic azo dye compound").

[0150] In the present invention, from the viewpoint of achieving better pressure resistance, it is preferable that the dichroic azo dye compound has a crosslinking group. Examples of crosslinkable groups include (meth)acryloyl groups, epoxy groups, oxetanyl groups, and styryl groups, with (meth)acryloyl groups being preferred.

[0151] (First dichroic azo dye compound) The first dichroic azo dye compound is preferably a compound having a chromophore as a core and side chains bound to the ends of the chromophore. Specific examples of chromophores include aromatic ring groups (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic heterocyclic groups) and azo groups. Structures having both aromatic ring groups and azo groups are preferred, and bis-azo structures having an aromatic heterocyclic group (preferably a thienothiazole group) and two azo groups are more preferred. The side chain is not particularly limited and may include groups represented by L3, R2, or L4 in formula (1) described below.

[0152] The first dichroic azo dye compound is a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 700 nm, and from the viewpoint of adjusting the color of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, it is preferably a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 650 nm, and more preferably a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 640 nm. In the present invention, dyes that have high absorbance on the long-wave side of visible light and low absorption in the infrared region are preferred. In this specification, the maximum absorption wavelength (nm) of a dichroic azo dye compound is determined from the ultraviolet-visible light spectrum in the wavelength range of 380 to 800 nm, measured by a spectrophotometer using a solution of the dichroic azo dye compound dissolved in a good solvent.

[0153] In the present invention, from the viewpoint of further improving the degree of orientation of the formed light-absorbing anisotropic layer and reducing absorption in the infrared region, it is preferable that the first dichroic azo dye compound is a compound represented by the following formula (1).

[0154] [ka]

[0155] In formula (1), Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent an optionally substituted phenylene group or an optionally substituted naphthylene group, with the phenylene group being preferred.

[0156] In formula (1), R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group which may have substituents having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, an alkylcarbonate group, an alkylamino group, an acylamino group, an alkylcarbonylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, an alkylsulfonylamino group, an alkylsulfamoyl group, an alkylcarbamoyl group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylureido group, an alkylphosphate amide group, an alkylimino group, or an alkylsilyl group. The -CH2- groups constituting the above alkyl groups may be substituted with -O-, -CO-, -C(O)-O-, -OC(O)-, -Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2-, -N(R1')-, -N(R1')-CO-, -CO-N(R1')-, -N(R1')-C(O)-O-, -OC(O)-N(R1')-, -N(R1')-C(O)-N(R1')-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -N=N-, -C(R1')=CH-C(O)-, or -OC(O)-O-. If R1 is a group other than a hydrogen atom, the hydrogen atoms in each group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, -N(R1')2, an amino group, -C(R1')=C(R1')-NO2, -C(R1')=C(R1')-CN, or -C(R1')=C(CN)2. R1' represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. If multiple R1' elements exist in each group, they may be the same or different from one another.

[0157] In formula (1), R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group which may have substituents having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an alkylamide group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an aryl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, or an arylamide group. The -CH2- constituting the alkyl group above may be substituted with -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -C(O)-O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)-S, -SC(O)-, -Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2-, -NR2'-, -NR2'-CO-, -CO-NR2'-, -NR2'-C(O)-O-, -OC(O)-NR2'-, -NR2'-C(O)-NR2'-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -N=N-, -C(R2')=CH-C(O)-, or -OC(O)-O-. If R2 and R3 are groups other than hydrogen atoms, the hydrogen atoms in each group may be substituted with halogen atoms, nitro groups, cyano groups, -OH groups, -N(R2')2, amino groups, -C(R2')=C(R2')-NO2, -C(R2')=C(R2')-CN, or -C(R2')=C(CN)2. R2' represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. If multiple R2' elements exist in each group, they may be identical or different from one another. R2 and R3 may bond to each other to form a ring, or R2 or R3 may bond to Ar2 to form a ring.

[0158] From the viewpoint of lightfastness, R1 is preferably an electron-withdrawing group, and R2 and R3 are preferably groups with low electron-donating properties. Specific examples of such groups include alkylsulfonyl groups, alkylcarbonyl groups, alkyloxycarbonyl groups, acyloxy groups, alkylsulfonylamino groups, alkylsulfamoyl groups, alkylsulfinyl groups, and alkylureido groups for R1, and groups with the following structures for R2 and R3. Note that the groups with the following structures are shown in formula (1) above in a form that includes the nitrogen atom to which R2 and R3 are bonded.

[0159] [ka]

[0160] Specific examples of the first dichroic azo dye compound are shown below, but are not limited to these.

[0161] [ka] JPEG0007912532000029.jpg161127 JPEG0007912532000030.jpg1395

[0162] (Second dichroic azo dye compound) The second dichroic azo dye compound is a different compound from the first dichroic azo dye compound, specifically in that its chemical structure is different. The second dichroic azo dye compound is preferably a compound having a chromophore, which is the core of the dichroic azo dye compound, and a side chain bound to the end of the chromophore. Specific examples of chromophores include aromatic ring groups (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic heterocyclic groups) and azo groups. Structures having both aromatic hydrocarbon groups and azo groups are preferred, and bisazo or trisazo structures having an aromatic hydrocarbon group and two or three azo groups are more preferred. The side chain is not particularly limited and may include groups represented by R4, R5, or R6 in formula (2) described below.

[0163] The second dichroic azo dye compound is a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 nm to less than 560 nm. From the viewpoint of adjusting the color of the light absorption anisotropy layer, it is preferably a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 to 555 nm, and more preferably a dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 to 550 nm. In particular, using a first dichroic azo dye compound with a maximum absorption wavelength of 560-700 nm and a second dichroic azo dye compound with a maximum absorption wavelength of 455 nm or more and less than 560 nm makes it easier to adjust the color of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0164] The second dichroic azo dye compound is preferably the compound represented by formula (2) because it further improves the degree of orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

[0165] [ka]

[0166] In equation (2), n represents either 1 or 2. In formula (2), Ar3, Ar4, and Ar5 each independently represent an optionally substituted phenylene group, an optionally substituted naphthylene group, or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group. The heterocyclic group may be either aromatic or non-aromatic. Atoms other than carbon that constitute an aromatic heterocyclic group include nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen atoms. If an aromatic heterocyclic group has multiple atoms other than carbon that constitute the ring, these may be the same or different. Specific examples of aromatic heterocyclic groups include pyridylene (pyridine-diyl group), pyridazine-diyl group, imidazole-diyl group, thienylene (thiophene-diyl group), quinolylene (quinoline-diyl group), isoquinolylene (isoquinoline-diyl group), oxazole-diyl group, thiazole-diyl group, oxadiazole-diyl group, benzothiazole-diyl group, benzothiadiazole-diyl group, phthalimide-diyl group, thienothiazole-diyl group, thiazolothiazole-diyl group, thienothiophene-diyl group, and thienoxazole-diyl group.

[0167] In equation (2), the definition of R4 is the same as that of R1 in equation (1). In equation (2), the definitions of R5 and R6 are the same as those of R2 and R3 in equation (1), respectively.

[0168] From the viewpoint of lightfastness, R4 is preferably an electron-withdrawing group, and R5 and R6 are preferably groups with low electron-donating properties. Among these groups, a specific example when R4 is an electron-withdrawing group is the same as a specific example when R1 is an electron-withdrawing group, and a specific example when R5 and R6 are groups with low electron-donating properties is the same as a specific example when R2 and R3 are groups with low electron-donating properties.

[0169] Specific examples of the second type of dichroic azo dye compound are shown below, but are not limited to these.

[0170] [ka]

[0171] [ka]

[0172] [ka]

[0173] [ka]

[0174] (Difference in logP values) The logP value is an index that expresses the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the chemical structure. The absolute difference between the logP value of the side chain of the first dichroic azo dye compound and the logP value of the side chain of the second dichroic azo dye compound (hereinafter also referred to as the "logP difference") is preferably 2.30 or less, more preferably 2.0 or less, even more preferably 1.5 or less, and particularly preferably 1.0 or less. If the logP difference is 2.30 or less, the affinity between the first dichroic azo dye compound and the second dichroic azo dye compound increases, making it easier to form an array structure, and thus the degree of orientation of the light absorption anisotropy layer is further improved. When the dyes form an array structure, a Bragg peak (a peak derived from Bragg reflection) is observed in X-ray diffraction measurements. The full width at half maximum of the peak is preferably 1 Å or less. Furthermore, if the first dichroic azo dye compound or the second dichroic azo dye compound has multiple side chains, it is preferable that at least one logP difference satisfies the above value. Here, the side chains of the first dichroic azo dye compound and the second dichroic azo dye compound refer to the groups that bind to the ends of the chromophore described above. For example, if the first dichroic azo dye compound is the compound represented by formula (1), then R1, R2, and R3 in formula (1) are the side chains, and if the second dichroic azo dye compound is the compound represented by formula (2), then R4, R5, and R6 in formula (2) are the side chains. In particular, if the first dichroic azo dye compound is the compound represented by formula (1) and the second dichroic azo dye compound is the compound represented by formula (2), it is preferable that at least one of the logP differences among the difference in logP values ​​between R1 and R4, the difference in logP values ​​between R1 and R5, the difference in logP values ​​between R2 and R4, and the difference in logP values ​​between R2 and R5 satisfies the above value.

[0175] Here, the logP value is an index that expresses the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of a chemical structure, and is sometimes called the hydrophilic / hydrophobic parameter. The logP value can be calculated using software such as ChemBioDraw Ultra or HSPiP (Ver. 4.1.07). It can also be determined experimentally by methods such as those described in OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Sections 1, Test No. 117. In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the value calculated by inputting the structural formula of the compound into HSPiP (Ver. 4.1.07) will be adopted as the logP value.

[0176] (Third dichroic azo dye compound) The third dichroic azo dye compound is a dichroic azo dye compound other than the first and second dichroic azo dye compounds, and specifically, it has a different chemical structure from the first and second dichroic azo dye compounds. When the light-absorbing anisotropic layer contains the third dichroic azo dye compound, there is the advantage that the color of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer can be easily adjusted. The maximum absorption wavelength of the third dichroic azo dye compound is 380 nm or more and less than 455 nm, with 385 to 454 nm being preferred.

[0177] As the third dichroic azo dye compound, a dichroic azo dye represented by the following formula (6) is preferred.

[0178] [ka]

[0179] In formula (6), A and B each independently represent a crosslinking group. In formula (6), a and b each independently represent either 0 or 1. From the viewpoint of having excellent orientation at a wavelength of 420 nm, it is preferable that both a and b are 0. In formula (6), when a=0, L1 represents a monovalent substituent, and when a=1, L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. Also, when b=0, L2 represents a monovalent substituent, and when b=1, L2 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. In formula (6), Ar1 represents an (n1+2) valent aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group, Ar2 represents an (n2+2) valent aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group, and Ar3 represents an (n3+2) valent aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group. In formula (6), R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a monovalent substituent. If n1≧2, the multiple R1s may be the same or different from each other; if n2≧2, the multiple R2s may be the same or different from each other; and if n3≧2, the multiple R3s may be the same or different from each other. In equation (6), k represents an integer from 1 to 4. When k ≥ 2, multiple Ar2s may be identical or different from each other, and multiple R2s may be identical or different from each other. In equation (6), n1, n2, and n3 each independently represent integers from 0 to 4. However, when k=1, n1+n2+n3≧0, and when k≧2, n1+n2+n3≧1.

[0180] In formula (6), the crosslinkable groups represented by A and B include, for example, the polymerizable groups described in paragraphs

[0040] to

[0050] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-244038. Among these, acryloyl groups, methacryloyl groups, epoxy groups, oxetanyl groups, or styryl groups are preferred from the viewpoint of improving reactivity and synthetic suitability, and acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups are more preferred from the viewpoint of further improving solubility.

[0181] In equation (6), when a=0, L1 represents a monovalent substituent, and when a=1, L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. Also, when b=0, L2 represents a monovalent substituent, and when b=1, L2 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.

[0182] The monovalent substituents represented by L1 and L2 are preferably groups introduced to enhance the solubility of dichroic substances, or electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups introduced to adjust the color tone as a dye. For example, as a substituent, Alkyl groups (preferably C1-C20, more preferably C1-C12, and even more preferably C1-C8 alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl groups), Alkenyl groups (preferably alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as vinyl groups, allyl groups, 2-butenyl groups, and 3-pentenyl groups), Alkynyl groups (preferably alkynyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms; for example, propargyl groups, 3-pentinyl groups, etc.), An aryl group (preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 3,5-ditrifluoromethylphenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a biphenyl group), Substituted or unsubstituted amino groups (preferably amino groups having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 0 to 6 carbon atoms; examples include unsubstituted amino groups, methylamino groups, dimethylamino groups, diethylamino groups, and anilino groups), Alkoxy groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, such as methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, and butoxy groups), Oxycarbonyl group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 15 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms; examples include methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, and phenoxycarbonyl group), Acyloxy group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms; for example, acetoxy group and benzoyloxy group), Acylamino groups (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms; for example, acetylamino groups and benzoylamino groups), Alkoxycarbonylamino groups (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms; for example, methoxycarbonylamino groups), Aryloxycarbonylamino group (preferably having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 16 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms; for example, a phenyloxycarbonylamino group), Sulfonylamino groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; for example, methanesulfonylamino groups and benzenesulfonylamino groups), Sulfamoyl group (preferably having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 0 to 6 carbon atoms; examples include sulfamoyl group, methylsulfamoyl group, dimethylsulfamoyl group, and phenylsulfamoyl group), Carbamoyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; examples include unsubstituted carbamoyl group, methyl carbamoyl group, diethyl carbamoyl group, and phenyl carbamoyl group), Alkylthio groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; for example, methylthio groups and ethylthio groups), Arylthio groups (preferably having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms; for example, phenylthio groups), Sulfonyl groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; for example, mesyl groups, tosyl groups, etc.), Sulfinyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; for example, methanesulfinyl group and benzenesulfinyl group), Ureido group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; examples include unsubstituted ureido group, methyl ureido group, and phenyl ureido group), A phosphate amide group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; for example, diethyl phosphate amide group and phenyl phosphate amide group), Heterocyclic groups (preferably heterocyclic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms, such as imidazolyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, furyl, piperidyl, morpholino, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, and benzthiazolyl groups), Silyl group (preferably a silyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms; for example, trimethylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, etc.), Halogen atoms (for example, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms), Hydroxy groups, mercapto groups, cyano groups, nitro groups, hydroxamic acid groups, sulfino groups, hydrazino groups, imino groups, and azo groups can be used. These substituents may be further substituted by other substituents. If there are two or more substituents, they may be the same or different. They may also be bonded to each other to form a ring where possible. Examples of groups in which the above substituent is further substituted by the above substituent include, for example, a group in which an alkoxy group is substituted with an alkyl group, R B -(OR A ) na -A base can be listed. Here, in the formula, R A R represents an alkylene group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms. B represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and na represents an integer from 1 to 10 (preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3). Among these, the monovalent substituents represented by L1 and L2 include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkoxy groups, and groups in which these groups are further substituted by these groups (for example, the R mentioned above). B -(OR A ) na -Groups are preferred, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, and groups in which these groups are further substituted by these groups (for example, the R groups mentioned above) B -(OR A ) na-Base) is more preferable.

[0183] Examples of divalent linking groups represented by L1 and L2 include -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, and -CO-NR. N -, -O-CO-NR N -, -NR N -CO-NR N Examples include -, -SO2-, -SO-, alkylene groups, cycloalkylene groups, and alkenylene groups, as well as groups formed by combining two or more of these groups. Among these, a group formed by combining an alkylene group with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, and -O-CO-O- is preferred. Here, R N R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. N If there are multiple R N They may be the same or different from each other.

[0184] From the viewpoint of further improving the solubility of dichroic substances, the number of atoms in at least one of the main chains of L1 and L2 is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more, even more preferably 7 or more, and particularly preferably 10 or more. Furthermore, the upper limit of the number of atoms in the main chain is preferably 20 or less, and more preferably 12 or less. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of further improving the orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, it is preferable that the number of atoms in at least one of the main chains of L1 and L2 be 1 to 5. Here, if A exists in equation (6), the "main chain" in L1 refers to the part necessary to directly connect the "O" atom that connects to L1 and "A", and the "number of atoms in the main chain" refers to the number of atoms that make up the above part. Similarly, if B exists in equation (6), the "main chain" in L2 refers to the part necessary to directly connect the "O" atom that connects to L2 and "B", and the "number of atoms in the main chain" refers to the number of atoms that make up the above part. Note that the "number of atoms in the main chain" does not include the number of atoms in the branched chain, which will be discussed later. Furthermore, if A does not exist, the "number of atoms in the main chain" in L1 refers to the number of atoms in L1 that do not include branched chains. If B does not exist, the "number of atoms in the main chain" in L2 refers to the number of atoms in L2 that do not include branched chains. Specifically, in equation (D1) below, the number of atoms in the L1 main chain is 5 (the number of atoms in the dotted box on the left side of equation (D1) below), and the number of atoms in the L2 main chain is 5 (the number of atoms in the dotted box on the right side of equation (D1) below). Also, in equation (D10) below, the number of atoms in the L1 main chain is 7 (the number of atoms in the dotted box on the left side of equation (D10) below), and the number of atoms in the L2 main chain is 5 (the number of atoms in the dotted box on the right side of equation (D10) below).

[0185] [ka]

[0186] L1 and L2 may have branched chains. Here, if A is present in equation (6), the "branched chain" in L1 refers to the part of L1 other than the part necessary to directly connect the "O" atom that connects to L1 in equation (6) and "A". Similarly, if B is present in equation (6), the "branched chain" in L2 refers to the part of L2 other than the part necessary to directly connect the "O" atom that connects to L2 in equation (6) and "B". Furthermore, if A does not exist in equation (6), the "branched chain" in L1 refers to the portion other than the longest atomic chain (i.e., the main chain) that extends from the "O" atom connected to L1 in equation (6). Similarly, if B does not exist in equation (6), the "branched chain" in L2 refers to the portion other than the longest atomic chain (i.e., the main chain) that extends from the "O" atom connected to L2 in equation (6). The number of atoms in the branched chain is preferably three or less. Having three or fewer atoms in the branched chain offers advantages such as improved orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Note that the number of hydrogen atoms is not included in the number of atoms in the branched chain.

[0187] In equation (6), Ar1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group with (n1+2) valency (for example, trivalent when n1 is 1), Ar2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group with (n2+2) valency (for example, trivalent when n2 is 1), and Ar3 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group with (n3+2) valency (for example, trivalent when n3 is 1). Here, Ar1 to Ar3 can be rephrased as a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a divalent heterocyclic group substituted with n1 to n3 substituents (R1 to R3 described later). The divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by Ar1 to Ar3 may be a monocyclic or have a fused ring structure of two or more rings. From the viewpoint of improving solubility, the number of rings in the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 2, and even more preferably 1 (i.e., a phenylene group). Specific examples of divalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups include phenylene groups, azulene-diyl groups, naphthylene groups, fluorene-diyl groups, anthracene-diyl groups, and tetracene-diyl groups. From the viewpoint of improving solubility, phenylene groups or naphthylene groups are preferred, and phenylene groups are more preferred. The following are specific examples of the third dichroic dye compound, but the present invention is not limited to these. In the following examples, n represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0188] [ka]

[0189] [ka]

[0190] In terms of having excellent orientation at 420 nm, it is preferable that the third dichroic azo dye compound does not have radical polymerizable groups. For example, the following structure can be cited.

[0191] [ka] JPEG0007912532000041.jpg12119

[0192] The third dichroic azo dye compound is more preferably a dichroic substance having a structure represented by the following formula (1-1), as it exhibits particularly excellent orientation at 420 nm.

[0193] [ka]

[0194] In equation (1-1), the definitions of R1, R3, R4, R5, n1, n3, L1, and L2 are the same as those of R1, R3, R4, R5, n1, n3, L1, and L2 in equation (1), respectively. In formula (1-1), R 21 and R 22 Each of these definitions is independent and equivalent to R2 in equation (1). In equation (1-1), the definitions of n21 and n22 are independently synonymous with n2 in equation (1). n1+n21+n22+n3≧1, where n1+n21+n22+n3 is preferably 1 to 9, and more preferably 1 to 5.

[0195] The following are specific examples of dichroic substances, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[0196] [ka]

[0197] [ka]

[0198] [ka]

[0199] The content of the organic dichroic dye is preferably 5 to 40 parts by mass, more preferably 15 to 30 parts by mass, even more preferably 18 to 28 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 20 to 26 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Light-absorbing anisotropic layer 1 cm 3 The amount of organic dichroic pigment per unit is 35-300 mg / cm³. 3 Preferably, 45-300 mg / cm³ 3 More preferably, 50-300 mg / cm³ 3 More preferably, 100-250 mg / cm³ 3 That is particularly preferable. If the content of the organic dichroic dye is within the above range, a highly oriented light-absorbing anisotropic layer can be obtained even when the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is made into a thin film. Therefore, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with excellent flexibility can be easily obtained. Furthermore, if the content of the organic dichroic dye is within the above range (in particular, if the content of the organic dichroic dye is 18 to 28 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystalline compound in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer), a light-absorbing anisotropic layer satisfying equations (1) to (3) is easily obtained. The content of the first dichroic azo dye compound is preferably 40 to 90 parts by mass, and more preferably 45 to 75 parts by mass, based on the total mass (100 parts by mass) of the organic dichroic dye in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The content of the second dichroic azo dye compound is preferably 6 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 8 to 35 parts by mass, relative to the total mass (100 parts by mass) of the organic dichroic dye in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The content of the third dichroic azo dye compound is preferably 3 to 35 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 35 parts by mass, based on the total mass (100 parts by mass) of the organic dichroic dye in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The content ratio of the first dichroic azo dye compound, the second dichroic azo dye compound, and the third dichroic azo dye compound, which may be used as needed, can be arbitrarily set to adjust the color of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. However, the content ratio of the second dichroic azo dye compound to the first dichroic azo dye compound (second dichroic azo dye compound / first dichroic azo dye compound) is preferably 0.1 to 10, more preferably 0.1 to 2, and even more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 in molar terms. If the content ratio of the second dichroic azo dye compound to the first dichroic azo dye compound is within the above range, the degree of orientation can be increased.

[0200] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the present invention can be prepared, for example, using a light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition containing the above-mentioned liquid crystalline compound and organic dichroic dye. The composition for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer may contain components other than liquid crystalline compounds and organic dichroic dyes, such as solvents, vertical alignment agents, interface modifiers, polymerizable components, and polymerization initiators (e.g., radical polymerization initiators). In this case, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the present invention contains solid components other than liquid components (such as solvents).

[0201] <Polymerization initiator> The liquid crystal composition preferably contains a polymerization initiator. There are no particular restrictions on the polymerization initiator, but it is preferable that it be a photosensitive compound, i.e., a photopolymerization initiator. Various compounds can be used as photopolymerization initiators without particular limitations. Examples of photopolymerization initiators include α-carbonyl compounds (US Patent Nos. 2,367,661 and 2,367,670), acyloin ethers (US Patent No. 2,448,828), α-hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic acyloin compounds (US Patent No. 2,722,512), polynuclear quinone compounds (US Patent Nos. 3,046,127 and 2,951,758), and combinations of triarylimidazole dimers and p-aminophenyl ketones (US Patent No. 3,549,367). Examples include acridine and phenazine compounds (Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-105667 and U.S. Patent No. 4239850), oxadiazole compounds (U.S. Patent No. 4212970), o-acyloxime compounds (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-27384

[0065] ), and acylphosphine oxide compounds (Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-40799, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-29234, Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-95788 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-29997). Commercially available photopolymerization initiators can also be used, including BASF's Irgacure-184, Irgacure-907, Irgacure-369, Irgacure-651, Irgacure-819, Irgacure-OXE-01, and Irgacure-OXE-02.

[0202] When the liquid crystal composition contains a polymerization initiator, the amount of polymerization initiator is preferably 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the dichroic substance and the liquid crystalline compound in the liquid crystal composition. A polymerization initiator content of 0.01 parts by mass or more results in good durability of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, while a content of 30 parts by mass or less results in better orientation of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Polymerization initiators may be used individually or in combination of two or more. When two or more polymerization initiators are included, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0203] <Surfactants> The liquid crystal composition preferably contains a surfactant. The inclusion of a surfactant is expected to improve the smoothness of the coated surface, further enhance the degree of orientation, and suppress repellency and unevenness, thereby improving uniformity within the surface. As the surfactant, one that causes the dichroic substance and liquid crystalline compound to be horizontal on the coated surface is preferred. For example, compounds described in paragraphs

[0155] to

[0170] of International Publication No. 2016 / 009648, and compounds described in paragraphs

[0253] to

[0293] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2011-237513 (horizontal orientation agents) can be used.

[0204] The surfactant contained in the liquid crystal composition of the present invention may be a fluorine-containing polymer having a repeating structure B1 represented by formula (B-1) described later, and a repeating structure B2 having a fluorine atom.

[0205] (Repeating structure B1) The repeating structure B1 of the above fluorine-containing polymer is a repeating structure represented by the following formula (B-1). [ka]

[0206] In the above formula (B-1), R 1 This represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom. Also, L 1 This represents a single bond or -CO-. Furthermore, Sp represents a linear or branched divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. However, one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups that constitute part of the hydrocarbon group may be independently substituted with -O-, -S-, -NH-, or -N(Q)-, where Q represents the substituent. L 2 and L 3 Each of these independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.

[0207] In the above equation (B-1), R 1Preferably, it is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

[0208] In the above formula (B-1), L 1 It is preferable that it be -CO-.

[0209] Examples of linear or branched divalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by Sp in formula (B-1) above include linear or branched divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, divalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and divalent aromatic heterocyclic groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Among these, linear or branched divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are preferred. Here, as the divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms is preferred, and an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferred. Specifically, methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, methylhexylene, and heptylene groups are suitable examples. As described above, Sp may consist of one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups that constitute a part of a linear or branched divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, each independently substituted with -O-, -S-, -NH-, or -N(Q)-. The substituent represented by Q is the substituent W described above, with alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, or halogen atoms being preferred.

[0210] In the above formula (B-1), L 2 and L 3 Examples of divalent linking groups shown in one aspect include -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -O-, -S-, and -C(O)NR L1 -, -NR L1 C(O)-, -SO2-, and -NR L1 R L2 - are some examples. In the formula, R L1 and R L2Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may have substituents. Examples of substituents that the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms may have include the substituent W described above, with alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, or halogen atoms being preferred.

[0211] Furthermore, in formula (B-1) above, A represents a divalent linking group represented by any of the following formulas (A-1) to (A-15). However, * in the following formulas (A-1) to (A-15) represents L 2 or L 3 The bond positions are represented, and the carbon atoms constituting the ring structure in the following formulas (A-1) to (A-15) may be substituted with heteroatoms or may have substituents. Examples of substituents that the carbon atoms constituting the ring structure may have include the substituents W mentioned above, of which alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, or halogen atoms are preferred. [ka] JPEG0007912532000048.jpg33144 JPEG0007912532000049.jpg33136 JPEG0007912532000050.jpg27133 JPEG0007912532000051.jpg26110

[0212] Specifically, the divalent linking groups represented by any of the above formulas (A-1) to (A-15) include, for example, 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-cyclohexenyl group, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-piperazine group, 1,4-piperidine group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, tetrahydrothiopyran-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5- Examples include diyl groups, pyrazine-2,5-diyl groups, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl groups, 2,6-naphthylene groups, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl groups, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl groups, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl groups, 9-fluorenone-2,7-diyl groups, fluorene-2,7-diyl groups, thienothiophene-3,6-diyl groups, carbazole-3,6-diyl groups, and carbazole-2,7-diyl groups.

[0213] In formula (B-1) above, A is preferably a divalent linking group represented by any of the above formulas (A-1), (A-4), (A-7), (A-10), and (A-13), and more preferably a divalent linking group represented by either (A-7) or (A-13), for the reason that the degree of orientation of the formed light-absorbing anisotropic layer is higher.

[0214] Furthermore, in formula (B-1) above, D represents a hydrogen bonding group composed of a hydrogen atom and a nonmetal atom of group 14 to 16. However, the nonmetal atom may have substituents. Examples of nonmetallic atoms in groups 14-16 include oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon atoms. Furthermore, examples of substituents that nonmetallic atoms (especially nitrogen atoms and carbon atoms) may have include halogen atoms, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkyl-substituted alkoxy groups, cyclic alkyl groups, aryl groups (e.g., phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, etc.), cyano groups, amino groups, nitro groups, alkylcarbonyl groups, sulfo groups, and hydroxyl groups.

[0215] Examples of such hydrogen bonding groups include hydrogen bond donor groups and hydrogen bond acceptor groups. Examples of hydrogen bond-donating groups include amino groups, amide groups, urea groups, urethane groups, sulfonylamino groups, sulfo groups, phospho groups, hydroxyl groups, mercapto groups, carboxyl groups, methylene groups substituted with electron-withdrawing groups, and methine groups substituted with electron-withdrawing groups, with carboxyl groups and amide groups being preferred among them. Examples of hydrogen bond accepting groups include, for example, heteroatoms having lone pairs of electrons on heterocyclic structures, hydroxyl groups, aldehydes, ketones, carboxyl groups, carboxylic acid esters, carboxylic acid amides, lactones, lactams, sulfonic acid amides, sulfo groups, phospho groups, phosphate amides, urethanes, ureas, ether structures (especially polymer structures containing oxygen atoms in polyether structures), aliphatic amines, and aromatic amines, with carboxyl groups and amide groups being preferred.

[0216] (Repeating structure B2) The repeating structure B2 of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer is a repeating structure having fluorine atoms.

[0217] In the present invention, the content of repeating structure B2 is preferably 15 to 90% by mass, more preferably 20 to 80% by mass, and even more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, relative to the total mass of the surfactant, because it results in a higher degree of orientation of the formed light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Furthermore, the repeating structure B2 may be present as a single entity or as two or more entities in the surfactant. If two or more entities of repeating structure B2 are present, the content of repeating structure B2 refers to the total content of repeating structure B2.

[0218] (Repeating structure B3) In the present invention, it is preferable that the fluorine-containing polymer contains, in addition to the repeating structures B1 and B2 described above, a repeating structure B3 derived from a monomer with a molecular weight of 300 or less, for the reason that the coating properties of the formed light-absorbing anisotropic layer are good.

[0219] The repeating structure B3 is preferably a repeating structure represented by the following formula (N-1) because it provides better coating properties for the formed light-absorbing anisotropic layer. The repeating structure B3 has a different structure from the repeating structure B2 described above and preferably does not contain fluorine atoms. [ka]

[0220] In formula (N-1), R B11 and R B12 Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. However, R B11 and R B12 If R is a substituent, B11 and R B12 They may be linked together to form a ring.

[0221] R B11 The molecular weight and R B12 The sum of the molecular weights is preferably 200 or less, more preferably 100 or less, and even more preferably 70 or less. If the sum of the molecular weights is 100 or less, the interaction between the repeating structures B3 is further improved, and the compatibility between the surfactant and the liquid crystal molecules can be further reduced. As a result, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer with fewer orientation defects and a superior degree of orientation can be obtained. R B11 The molecular weight and RB12 The lower limit of the sum of the molecular weights is preferably 2 or more.

[0222] R B11 and R B12 The substituent represented by is preferably an organic group, more preferably an organic group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, even more preferably an organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably an organic group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention. Examples of the above-mentioned organic groups include linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups, and heterocyclic groups.

[0223] The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 12, and even more preferably 1 to 8. The carbon atoms in alkyl groups are -O-, -Si(CH3)2-, and -(Si(CH3)2O). g -,-(OSi(CH3)2) g -(g represents an integer from 1 to 10.), -N(Z)-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=N-, -N=C(Z)-, -C(O)-, -OC( O)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)O-, -N(Z)C(O)-, -C(O)N(Z)-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)O-, -OC( O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=N-, -N=C(Z)-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)N(Z”)-, -N(Z”)-C(O )-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=C(Z')-C(O)-S-, -SC(O)-C(Z)=C(Z')-, -C(Z)=NN=C(Z' )-(Z, Z', and Z'' each independently represent hydrogen, a C1-C4 alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, or a halogen atom.), -C≡C-, -N=N-, -S-, -C(S)-, -S(O)-, -SO2-, -(O)S(O)O-, -O(O)S(O)O-, -SC(O)-, and -C(O)S-, as well as groups formed by combining two or more of these groups. Among the groups in which the carbon atoms of the alkyl group may be substituted, -O-, -C(O)-, -N(Z)-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)O- are preferred in terms of superior effects of the present invention. The hydrogen atoms of alkyl groups are halogen atoms, cyano groups, aryl groups, nitro groups, -OZ H ,-C(O)Z H ,-C(O)OZ H ,-OC(O)Z H -OC(O)OZ H , -NZ H Z H ',-NZ H C(O)Z H ',-NZ H C(O)OZ H ',-C(O)NZ H Z H ',-OC(O)NZ H Z H ',-NZ H C(O)NZ H 'OZ H '', -SZ H ,-C(S)Z H -C(O)SZ H , or -SC(O)Z H It may be replaced with ,. H , Z H 'and Z H Each of the symbols '' independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group. Among the alkyl groups whose hydrogen atoms may be substituted, -OH, -COOH, or an aryl group (a phenyl group is preferred) is preferred in terms of superior effects of the present invention.

[0224] Hydrogen atoms of aromatic hydrocarbon groups and hydrogen atoms of heterocyclic groups include halogen atoms, cyano groups, alkyl groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cyano groups, nitro groups, and -OZ H ,-C(O)Z H ,-C(O)OZ H ,-OC(O)Z H -OC(O)OZ H , -NZ H Z H ',-NZ H C(O)Z H ',-NZ H C(O)OZ H ',-C(O)NZ H Z H ',-OC(O)NZ HZ H ', -NZ H C(O)NZ H 'OZ H '', -SZ H ,-C(S)Z H -C(O)SZ H ,-SC(O)Z H It may be substituted with -B(OH)2. H , Z H 'and Z H Each of the symbols '' independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group. Among the groups in which the hydrogen atoms of aromatic hydrocarbon groups and the hydrogen atoms of heterocyclic groups may be substituted, -OH and -B(OH)2 are preferred because they exhibit superior effects in the present invention.

[0225] R B11 and R B12 Each of these is independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the organic group are as described above. From the standpoint of superior effects of the present invention, R B11 and R B12 It is preferable that at least one of these is a substituent, and more preferably that at least one is an organic group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0226] R B11 and R B12 The ring formed by the linking of these atoms is a heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom in formula (N-1), and may further contain heteroatoms such as oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and nitrogen atoms within the ring. R B11 and R B12 The ring formed by the linking of these elements is preferably a 4- to 8-membered ring, more preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring, and even more preferably a 5- to 6-membered ring, from the viewpoint of superior effects of the present invention. R B11 and R B12 The number of carbon atoms constituting the ring formed by the linking of these atoms is preferably 3 to 7, and more preferably 3 to 6, from the viewpoint of achieving superior effects of the present invention. R B11 and RB12 The ring formed by the linking of these elements may or may not be aromatic, but it is preferable that it not be aromatic in order to have superior effects of the present invention. R B11 and R B12 The following are specific examples of rings formed by the linking of these groups.

[0227] [ka]

[0228] R B13 This represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or a cyano group, with a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms being preferred, and a hydrogen atom being more preferred. The alkyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 1. The alkyl group may have a linear, branched, or cyclic structure.

[0229] A specific example of repeating structure B3 is shown below, but repeating structure B3 is not limited to the following structures.

[0230] [ka]

[0231] The content of repeating structure B3 is preferably 3 to 75% by mass, more preferably 15 to 70% by mass, and even more preferably 20 to 65% by mass, relative to the total mass of all repeating structures of the fluorine-containing polymer. The effects of the present invention are better when the content of repeating structure B3 is within the above range. The repeating structure B3 may be present in the surfactant as a single entity or as two or more entities. If two or more entities of repeating structure B3 are present, the content of repeating structure B3 refers to the total content of repeating structure B3.

[0232] (Other repeating structures (Part 1)) The above fluorine-containing polymer may further have a repeating structure represented by the following general formula (M-3). [ka]

[0233] In the above formula (M-3), R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, L3 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, and T3 represents an aromatic ring. Examples of L3 linking groups include those similar to SP21 in formula (F-2) above. Examples of aromatic ring groups for T3 include aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups such as benzene ring groups, naphthalene ring groups, anthracene ring groups, and phenanthroline ring groups; and aromatic heterocyclic ring groups such as furan ring groups, pyrrole ring groups, thiophene ring groups, pyridine ring groups, thiazole ring groups, and benzothiazole ring groups. Among these, benzene ring groups (e.g., 1,4-phenyl groups) are preferred. Including these groups in the polymer can improve compatibility.

[0234] Examples of monomers forming the repeating structure represented by the above formula (M-3) include, for example, the structures represented by the following formulas (M3-1) to (M3-5), but the present invention is not limited to these. [ka]

[0235] (Other repeating structures (part 2)) The above fluorine-containing polymer may further have a repeating structure represented by the following general formula (M-4). [ka]

[0236] In the above formula (M-4), R4 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, L4 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, and Q4 represents a crosslinking group represented by the above formulas (P1) to (P30). Examples of L4 linking groups include groups similar to SPW in formula (W1) above, such as aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, cyclic alkylene groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and heterocyclic groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms are preferred, and it is preferable that they have -O-, -CO-O-, -CO-NH-, and -O-CO-.

[0237] When Q4 represents a group containing a cationic polymerizable group, the cationic polymerizable group is not particularly limited and can include, for example, alicyclic ether groups, cyclic acetal groups, cyclic lactone groups, cyclic thioether groups, spiroorthoester groups, vinyloxy groups, and the like. As cationic polymerizable groups, alicyclic ether groups or vinyloxy groups are preferred, epoxy groups, oxetanyl groups, or vinyloxy groups are more preferred, epoxy groups or oxetanyl groups are even more preferred, and epoxy groups are particularly preferred. Among epoxy groups, alicyclic epoxy groups are particularly preferred. Note that each of the above groups may have substituents. When Q4 represents a group containing a radical polymerizable group, the radical polymerizable group is not particularly limited and includes, for example, a group containing a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond. Specifically, examples include (meth)acryloyl group, (meth)acryloyloxy group, (meth)acrylamide group, vinyl group, styryl group, allyl group, etc., with (meth)acryloyloxy group being preferred. Note that each of the above groups may have substituents. By including these groups, for example, when multiple liquid crystal composition layers are laminated in a liquid crystal film as described later, the adhesion between layers can be improved.

[0238] Examples of monomers that form the repeating structure represented by the above formula (M-4) include, for example, the monomers represented by the following formulas (M4-1) to (M4-17), but the present invention is not limited to these. [ka]

[0239] The fluorine-containing polymer described above may be a polymer having a block structure, graft structure, branch structure, or star structure. Having such a block structure, graft structure, branch structure, or star structure is preferable because the fluorine atomic groups exist as clumps, improving the transferability of the polymer to the coating film surface. Furthermore, copolymers having a random structure with fluorine-substituted alkyl chain lengths of 1 to 4 have small fluorine group clusters and excellent solubility in general-purpose solvents, but low transferability to the coating surface. On the other hand, the above polymers have high transferability to the coating surface even with fluorine-substituted alkyl chain lengths of 1 to 4, due to the presence of fluorine group clusters. Adding such copolymers to a composition is preferable because it reduces the surface tension of the coating film, resulting in good wettability (homogeneous coating) of the composition to the substrate during coating and a good surface texture of the coating film.

[0240] In the present invention, when the liquid crystal composition contains a surfactant, the display performance and durability of the display device are better, so it is preferable that the difference between the logP value of the surfactant and the logP value of the liquid crystalline compound be less than 3.1, more preferably less than 1.4, and even more preferably 0 or more and less than 1.4. Here, the difference (absolute value) between the logP value of the surfactant and the logP value of the liquid crystalline compound refers to the smallest difference among the differences calculated from the logP values ​​of each compound when multiple surfactants or liquid crystalline compounds are used.

[0241] Furthermore, the present invention may contain two or more surfactants. From the viewpoint of improving the display performance and durability of the display device, it is preferable to include a surfactant whose logP value difference with that of the liquid crystalline compound is less than 1.4. From the viewpoint of improving the smoothness of the coated surface, further improving the degree of orientation, and suppressing repulsion and unevenness to improve uniformity within the surface, it is preferable to further include a surfactant whose logP value difference with that of the liquid crystalline compound is 1.4 or more.

[0242] If the liquid crystal composition contains a surfactant, the amount of surfactant is preferably 0.001 to 5 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the dichroic substance and the liquid crystalline compound in the liquid crystal composition. Surfactants may be used individually or in combination of two or more. When two or more surfactants are included, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0243] <Adhesion improver> The liquid crystal composition may contain an adhesion improver from the viewpoint of adhesion with the barrier layer described later. Examples of adhesion improvers include compounds containing a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or a boronic acid group, with compounds containing a boronic acid group being preferred. Examples of compounds containing a boronic acid group include, for example, compounds represented by the following formula.

[0244] [ka] (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 Each of these independently represents a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group, or heterocyclic group. 3 (This represents a substituent containing a functional group that can bond to a (meth)acrylic group.)

[0245] <Solvent> From the viewpoint of workability and other factors, the liquid crystal composition preferably contains a solvent. Examples of solvents include ketones (e.g., acetone, 2-butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopetantanone, cyclohexanone, etc.), ethers (e.g., dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyl methyl ether, tetrahydropyran, dioxolane, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., hexane, etc.), alicyclic hydrocarbons (e.g., cyclohexane, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, etc.), halogenated carbons (e.g., dichloromethane, trichloromethane, dichloroethane, dichlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, etc.), and esters (e.g., vinegar). Examples of solvents include organic solvents such as methyl acid, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl lactate, etc., alcohols (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, isopentyl alcohol, neopentyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, benzyl alcohol, etc.), cellosolves (e.g., methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.), cellosolve acetates, sulfoxides (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.), amides (e.g., dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, etc.), and heterocyclic compounds (e.g., pyridine, etc.), as well as water. These solvents may be used individually or in combination of two or more. Of these solvents, ketones (especially cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone), ethers (especially tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyl methyl ether, tetrahydropyran, and dioxolane), and amides (especially dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and N-ethylpyrrolidone) are preferred from the viewpoint of taking advantage of their excellent solubility for liquid crystal compositions.

[0246] If the liquid crystal composition contains a solvent, the solvent content is preferably 80 to 99% by mass, more preferably 83 to 97% by mass, and even more preferably 85 to 95% by mass, based on the total mass of the liquid crystal composition. The solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more solvents are included, it is preferable that their total amount is within the above range.

[0247] <Method for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer> The method for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer using the above-described liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited. For example, a method can be described that includes, in this order, the steps of: applying the above-described liquid crystal composition onto a photo-alignment layer (for example, a photo-alignment layer described later) to form a coating film (hereinafter also referred to as the "coating film formation step"), and aligning the liquid crystal components contained in the coating film (hereinafter also referred to as the "alignment step").

[0248] (Coating film formation process) The coating film formation process involves applying a liquid crystal composition onto a photo-alignment layer to form a coating film. By using a liquid crystal composition containing the aforementioned solvent, or by using a liquid crystal composition that has been heated to a molten state, it becomes easier to coat the liquid crystal composition onto the photo-alignment layer. Specific examples of known methods for coating liquid crystal compositions include, for instance, roll coating, gravure printing, spin coating, wire bar coating, extrusion coating, direct gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, die coating, spray coating, and inkjet coating.

[0249] (Orientation process) The orientation process is a process that aligns the liquid crystalline components contained in the coating film. This results in a light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Furthermore, the term "liquid crystallinity component" includes not only the liquid crystallinity compounds mentioned above, but also, if the dichroic substance mentioned above also possesses liquid crystallinity, the component also includes the dichroic substance that is liquid crystallinity. The orientation step may include a drying process. The drying process can remove components such as solvents from the coating film. The drying process may be carried out by leaving the coating film at room temperature for a predetermined time (e.g., natural drying), or by heating and / or blowing air. Here, the liquid crystalline components contained in the liquid crystal composition may be oriented by the coating film formation process or drying process described above. For example, in embodiments in which the liquid crystal composition is prepared as a coating solution containing a solvent, a coating film with light absorption anisotropy (i.e., a light absorption anisotropy layer) is obtained by drying the coating film and removing the solvent from the coating film. If the drying process is carried out at a temperature above the transition temperature of the liquid crystalline components in the coating film to the liquid crystal phase, the heat treatment described later may not be necessary.

[0250] The transition temperature of the liquid crystalline component in the coating film to the liquid crystal phase is preferably 10 to 250°C, and more preferably 25 to 190°C, from the viewpoint of manufacturing suitability. A transition temperature of 10°C or higher is preferable because it eliminates the need for cooling treatment to lower the temperature to the temperature range in which the liquid crystal phase is observed. Furthermore, a transition temperature of 250°C or lower is preferable because it eliminates the need for high temperatures even when creating an isotropic liquid state at a temperature higher than the temperature range in which the liquid crystal phase is observed, thereby reducing the waste of thermal energy and the deformation and deterioration of the substrate.

[0251] The orientation step preferably includes a heat treatment. This allows the liquid crystalline components contained in the coating film to be oriented, making the heat-treated coating film suitable for use as a light-absorbing anisotropic layer. For heat treatment, a temperature of 10 to 250°C is preferred, and 25 to 190°C is more preferred, from the standpoint of suitability for manufacturing. The heating time is preferably 1 to 300 seconds, and 1 to 60 seconds is more preferred.

[0252] The orientation process may include a cooling process performed after the heat treatment. The cooling process involves cooling the heated coating film to room temperature (approximately 20-25°C). This fixes the orientation of the liquid crystalline components contained in the coating film. The cooling method is not particularly limited and can be carried out by known methods. By following the above steps, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer can be obtained. In this embodiment, drying treatment and heat treatment are mentioned as methods for aligning the liquid crystalline components contained in the coating film, but the method is not limited to these, and can be carried out by known orientation treatments.

[0253] (Other processes) The method for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer may include a step of curing the light-absorbing anisotropic layer after the orientation step (hereinafter also referred to as the "curing step"). The curing process is carried out, for example, by heating and / or light irradiation (exposure) if the light-absorbing anisotropic layer has crosslinkable groups (polymerizable groups). Among these, it is preferable that the curing process be carried out by light irradiation. Furthermore, if the photo-alignment layer contains a compound having photoreactive radical polymerizable groups, unreacted radical polymerizable groups can be left on the surface of the photo-alignment layer by methods such as not including a radical polymerization initiator in the photo-alignment layer, or by performing exposure in an environment with a high oxygen concentration. By reacting these unreacted radical polymerizable groups present on the surface of the photo-alignment layer with the radical polymerizable groups of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the "curing process," it is possible to improve the adhesion between the photo-alignment layer and the light-absorbing anisotropic layer. Various light sources can be used for curing, such as infrared light, visible light, or ultraviolet light, but ultraviolet light is preferred. Furthermore, ultraviolet light may be irradiated while heating during curing, or ultraviolet light may be irradiated through a filter that transmits only specific wavelengths. When exposure is performed while heating, the heating temperature during exposure is preferably 25 to 140°C, although this also depends on the transition temperature of the liquid crystalline component in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer to the liquid crystal phase. Furthermore, exposure may be performed under a nitrogen atmosphere. When the curing of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer proceeds by radical polymerization, exposure under a nitrogen atmosphere is preferable because it reduces the inhibition of polymerization by oxygen.

[0254] [Laminated structure] The laminate of the present invention preferably has a light-absorbing anisotropic layer of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as "light-absorbing anisotropic layer A"), and further preferably has a light-absorbing anisotropic layer B different from light-absorbing anisotropic layer A, and at least one of an optical anisotropic layer. Furthermore, the laminate of the present invention may have at least one component selected from the group consisting of a substrate, an orientation layer, a barrier layer, and an adhesive layer. The following describes each layer that constitutes the laminate of the present invention.

[0255] [Base material] The substrate can be selected according to the application of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, and examples include glass and polymer films. The light transmittance of the substrate is preferably 80% or higher. When using a polymer film as a substrate, it is preferable to use an optically isotropic polymer film. Specific examples and preferred embodiments of polymers can be found in paragraph

[0013] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-22942. Furthermore, even with conventionally known polymers that readily exhibit birefringence, such as polycarbonate and polysulfone, it is possible to use those whose birefringence is reduced by modifying them with the molecules described in International Publication No. 2000 / 26705. Regarding the base material, it is preferable from the viewpoint of thinning the layer when using it as a laminate in the final product.

[0256] [Orientation film] The alignment layer can be any layer as long as it can bring the organic dichroic dyes contained in the liquid crystal composition into a desired orientation state on the alignment layer. Methods for forming oriented films include, for example, rubbing treatment of the film surface with an organic compound (preferably a polymer), oblique deposition of an inorganic compound, formation of a layer having microgrooves, and accumulation of an organic compound (e.g., ω-tricosanoic acid, dioctadecylmethylammonium chloride, methyl stearylate, etc.) by the Langmuir-Bludget method (LB film). Furthermore, oriented films that exhibit oriented function upon application of an electric field, a magnetic field, or light irradiation are also known. In particular, in the present invention, an orientation film formed by rubbing is preferred from the viewpoint of ease of controlling the pre-tilt angle of the orientation film, and a photo-aligned film formed by light irradiation is also preferred from the viewpoint of uniformity of orientation.

[0257] <Rubbing-treated orientation film> Numerous polymer materials are described in various publications and many commercially available products can be used for the orientation film formed by the rubbing process. In this invention, polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide, and their derivatives are preferably used. For the orientation film, refer to the description on pages 43, line 24 to 49, line 8 of International Publication No. 2001 / 88574A1. The thickness of the orientation film is preferably 0.01 to 10 μm, and more preferably 0.01 to 2 μm.

[0258] <Photoalignment film> Numerous publications describe photo-alignment compounds used in alignment films formed by light irradiation. In the present invention, for example, azo compounds described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-285197, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-076839, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-138138, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-94071, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-121721, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-140465, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-156439, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-133184, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-109831, Japanese Patent No. 3883848, Japanese Patent No. 4151746, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-229039 are used. Preferred examples include the aromatic ester compounds described, maleimides and / or alkenyl-substituted nadiimide compounds having photo-orienting units as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-265541 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-317013, photocrosslinkable silane derivatives as described in Japanese Patent No. 4205195 and Japanese Patent No. 4205198, photocrosslinkable polyimides, polyamides, or esters as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-520878 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-529220, or photocrosslinkable polyimides, polyamides, or esters as described in Japanese Patent No. 4162850. More preferably, the materials are azo compounds, photocrosslinkable polyimides, polyamides, or esters.

[0259] Of these, it is preferable to use a photosensitive compound having a photoreactive group that undergoes at least one of dimerization and isomerization upon the action of light as the photo-orienting compound. Furthermore, examples of photoreactive groups include groups having a cinnamoyl (cinnamic acid) structure (skeleton), a coumarin structure (skeleton), a chalcone structure (skeleton), a benzophenone structure (skeleton), and an anthracene structure (skeleton). Among these groups, groups having a cinnamoyl structure and groups having a coumarin structure are preferred, and groups having a cinnamoyl structure are more preferred.

[0260] Furthermore, the photosensitive compound having the above-mentioned photo-orienting group may also have a crosslinking group. Preferably, the crosslinkable groups are thermally crosslinkable groups that undergo a curing reaction upon the action of heat, and photocrosslinkable groups that undergo a curing reaction upon the action of light. Crosslinkable groups possessing both thermal and photocrosslinkable properties may also be used. Specific compounds can be found in International Publication No. 2019-131943. Examples of the crosslinkable group include at least one selected from the group consisting of epoxy groups, oxetanyl groups, groups represented by -NH-CH2-OR (where R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), groups having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, and blocked isocyanate groups. Among these, epoxy groups, oxetanyl groups, and groups having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond are preferred. Furthermore, a three-membered cyclic ether group is also called an epoxy group, and a four-membered cyclic ether group is also called an oxetanyl group. Furthermore, specific examples of groups having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond include vinyl groups, allyl groups, styryl groups, acryloyl groups, and methacryloyl groups, with acryloyl or methacryloyl groups being preferred.

[0261] A photo-alignment film is manufactured by irradiating a photo-alignment film formed from the above materials with linearly polarized or unpolarized light. In this specification, "linearly polarized irradiation" and "unpolarized irradiation" refer to operations for causing a photoreaction in a photo-oriented material. The wavelength of light used varies depending on the photo-oriented material used and is not particularly limited as long as it is the wavelength necessary for the photoreaction. The peak wavelength of the light used for irradiation is preferably 200 nm to 700 nm, and ultraviolet light with a peak wavelength of 400 nm or less is more preferred.

[0262] Light sources used for light irradiation include commonly used light sources such as tungsten lamps, halogen lamps, xenon lamps, xenon flash lamps, mercury lamps, mercury xenon lamps, and carbon arc lamps; various lasers [e.g., semiconductor lasers, helium-neon lasers, argon ion lasers, helium-cadmium lasers, and YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) lasers]; light-emitting diodes; and cathode ray tubes.

[0263] Methods for obtaining linearly polarized light include using polarizers (e.g., iodine polarizers, two-color dye polarizers, and wire grid polarizers), using prism-type elements (e.g., Grant-Thomson prisms) or reflective polarizers utilizing the Brewster angle, or using light emitted from a polarized laser light source. Alternatively, filters or wavelength conversion elements may be used to selectively irradiate only the light of the required wavelength.

[0264] When linearly polarized light is used, the light is irradiated from the top or back surface of the alignment film, perpendicular or oblique to the surface of the alignment film. The angle of incidence of the light varies depending on the photo-alignment material, but is preferably 0 to 90° (perpendicular), and preferably 40 to 90°. In the case of non-polarized light, the orientation film is irradiated with non-polarized light from an oblique angle. The incident angle is preferably 10 to 80°, more preferably 20 to 60°, and even more preferably 30 to 50°. The irradiation time is preferably 1 to 60 minutes, and more preferably 1 to 10 minutes.

[0265] If patterning is required, a method can be employed in which light irradiation using a photomask is performed the number of times necessary to create the pattern, or a method can be employed in which the pattern is written by laser scanning.

[0266] While the orientation layer can be peeled off for the sake of thinning the layer, it is also preferable to leave it as is in the final laminate for durability reasons.

[0267] [Optical anisotropy layer] The laminate of the present invention preferably has an optically anisotropic layer. Here, the term "optical anisotropy layer" refers to any film that produces a phase difference, such as a stretched polymer film or a phase difference film having an optical anisotropy layer with an oriented liquid crystalline compound on a support. Here, there are no particular restrictions on the orientation direction of the liquid crystalline compound contained in the optical anisotropic layer; examples include horizontal, vertical, and torsional orientations with respect to the film surface. Furthermore, specific functions of optically anisotropic layers include, for example, λ / 4 plates and λ / 2 plates. Furthermore, the optical anisotropic layer may consist of multiple layers. For an optical anisotropic layer consisting of multiple optical anisotropic layers, refer, for example, to paragraphs

[0008] to

[0053] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-209219. Furthermore, such an optically anisotropic layer and the aforementioned light-absorbing anisotropic layer A may be in contact with each other, or other layers may be provided between them. Examples of such layers include adhesive layers or bonding layers for ensuring adhesion.

[0268] In the laminate of the present invention, it is preferable to use a λ / 4 plate as the optical anisotropy layer described above, and it is more preferable to have a λ / 4 plate on the light absorption anisotropy layer. Here, a "λ / 4 plate" refers to a plate that has λ / 4 functionality, specifically a plate that has the function of converting linearly polarized light of a certain wavelength into circularly polarized light (or circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light). For example, a single-layer structure of the λ / 4 plate can be a stretched polymer film or a phase difference film with an optically anisotropic layer having λ / 4 functionality on a support. A multi-layer structure of the λ / 4 plate can be a broadband λ / 4 plate formed by laminating a λ / 4 plate and a λ / 2 plate.

[0269] From the viewpoint of thinning the optical anisotropy layer, a liquid crystal cured film is preferred, and in that case, the thickness is preferably 0.1 to 5.0 μm, and more preferably 0.3 to 3.0 μm.

[0270] [Barrier layer] The laminate of the present invention may have a barrier layer on top of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer (or the λ / 4 plate if it has the λ / 4 plate described above). Here, the barrier layer is also called a gas barrier layer (oxygen barrier layer) and has the function of protecting the polarizing element of the present invention from gases such as oxygen in the atmosphere, moisture, or compounds contained in adjacent layers. For information regarding the barrier layer, see, for example, paragraphs

[0014] to

[0054] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-159124, paragraphs

[0042] to

[0075] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-121721, paragraphs

[0045] to

[0054] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-115076, paragraphs

[0010] to

[0061] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-213938, and paragraphs

[0021] to

[0031] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-169994.

[0271] [Light-absorbing anisotropic layer B] The laminate of the present invention may also preferably have a light-absorbing anisotropic layer B that is different from the light-absorbing anisotropic layer A, along with the light-absorbing anisotropic layer A. Here, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer A and the light-absorbing anisotropic layer B differ in the type of dichroic dye contained in each layer. Specifically, it is preferable that the light-absorbing anisotropic layer A contains an organic dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the visible light region, and the light-absorbing anisotropic layer B contains a dichroic dye (organic dichroic dye) having a maximum absorption wavelength in the infrared region, as described later. The light-absorbing anisotropic layer B contains a dichroic dye with a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 700 to 1400 nm. Light-absorbing anisotropic layer B can polarize light in the infrared region, while light-absorbing anisotropic layer A has little effect on light in the infrared region. Dichroic dyes having a maximum absorption wavelength in the 700-1400 nm range can be any known compound. Furthermore, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer B preferably contains the above-mentioned liquid crystalline compound, and may also contain the above-mentioned surfactant and adhesion improver.

[0272] Any method can be used to fabricate the light-absorbing anisotropic layer B, as long as a dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the 700-1400 nm range is used. However, it is preferable to fabricate it using a dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the 700-1400 nm range (i.e., a dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the infrared region; hereinafter also referred to as "infrared dichroic dye") in the same manner as the light-absorbing anisotropic layer A described above. It is also possible to fabricate it by dispersing an infrared dichroic dye in PVA and stretching it, as described in International Publication No. 2018-88558.

[0273] The thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer B is preferably 0.5 to 10 μm, and more preferably 1.0 to 5.0 μm, for liquid crystal cured films. For PVA films, it is preferably 5.0 to 100 μm, and more preferably 10 to 50 μm.

[0274] [Adhesive layer] From the viewpoint of bonding the λ / 4 plates described above, the laminate of the present invention may have an adhesive layer on the surface to which the λ / 4 plates are bonded.

[0275] Examples of adhesives included in the adhesive layer include rubber-based adhesives, acrylic-based adhesives, silicone-based adhesives, urethane-based adhesives, vinyl alkyl ether-based adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives, polyvinylpyrrolidone-based adhesives, polyacrylamide-based adhesives, and cellulose-based adhesives. Of these, acrylic adhesives (pressure-sensitive adhesives) are preferred from the viewpoint of transparency, weather resistance, and heat resistance.

[0276] The adhesive layer can be formed, for example, by applying an adhesive solution onto a release sheet, allowing it to dry, and then transferring it to the surface of the transparent resin layer; or by directly applying an adhesive solution to the surface of the transparent resin layer and allowing it to dry; and so on. The adhesive solution is prepared as a 10-40% by mass solution by dissolving or dispersing the adhesive in a solvent such as toluene or ethyl acetate. Coating methods can include roll coating methods such as reverse coating and gravure coating, spin coating, screen coating, fountain coating, dipping, and spraying.

[0277] Furthermore, suitable thin sheets such as synthetic resin films (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate), rubber sheets, paper, cloth, nonwoven fabrics, nets, foamed sheets, and metal foils can be used as constituent materials for the release sheet.

[0278] In the present invention, the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 3 to 50 μm, more preferably 4 to 40 μm, and even more preferably 5 to 30 μm.

[0279] [Application] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer and laminate of the present invention can be used as a polarizing element (polarizing plate), specifically, for example, as a linear polarizing plate or a circular polarizing plate. It has the characteristic of absorbing little infrared light even when passing through it, and can be used in a variety of applications that take advantage of this characteristic. Specifically, it can be incorporated into display devices (image display devices) used in combination with infrared light sources or sensors, infrared irradiation devices, infrared sensing devices, etc. It can also be used as a switching element, isolator, or component for a camera. In order to miniaturize / lighten the above-mentioned device and increase design flexibility, a design is required in which infrared light passes through the polarizer. In this case, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer and laminate of the present invention make it possible to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of infrared light because infrared light is less likely to be absorbed by the polarizer. If the laminate of the present invention does not have an optically anisotropic layer such as the λ / 4 plate, the laminate can be used as a linear polarizing plate. On the other hand, if the laminate of the present invention has the above-mentioned λ / 4 plate, the laminate can be used as a circular polarizing plate.

[0280] [Display device] The display device of the present invention has the above-described light-absorbing anisotropic layer (light-absorbing anisotropic layer A) or the above-described laminate of the present invention. The display elements used in the display device of the present invention are not particularly limited and include, for example, organic electroluminescent (hereinafter abbreviated as "EL") display panels, micro-LED display panels, mini-LED display panels, LED arrays, and combinations of transmissive liquid crystal panels and backlight units. Of these, liquid crystal cells, micro-LED display panels, or organic EL display panels are preferred, and organic EL display panels are more preferred. In other words, the display device of the present invention is preferably a liquid crystal display device using liquid crystal cells as display elements, a micro-LED display device using micro-LED display panels as display elements, or an organic EL display device using organic EL display panels as display elements, and is more preferably an organic EL display device.

[0281] The display device of the present invention preferably has either an infrared light source or an infrared light receiving unit, or both, and more preferably both.

[0282] Any infrared light source can be used, typically including infrared-emitting LED devices, infrared lasers, and various lamps with an emission band in the near-infrared region.

[0283] As the infrared light receiving section, a photodetector such as a photodiode or phototransistor sensitive to the invisible region can be used. Preferably, a photodiode or phototransistor sensitive to the near-infrared region is used. Organic photodiodes (OPDs) and organic phototransistors (OPTs) may also be used as photodetectors.

[0284] The light-receiving unit is provided between the light-emitting surface and the light-emitting panel, on the light-emitting panel, or on the side of the light-emitting panel opposite to the light-emitting surface. The objects to be detected by the light-receiving unit can be the shape of the object, the surface condition of the object, and the user's eye movements, eye position, facial expression, face shape, vein pattern, blood flow, pulse, blood oxygen saturation, fingerprints, and iris. In other words, the sensor system of the present invention can detect or recognize the shape of the object, the surface condition of the object, and the user's eye movements, eye position, facial expression, face shape, vein pattern, blood flow, pulse, blood oxygen saturation, fingerprints, and iris.

[0285] The light-emitting panel or display device having the sensor system described above can be applied to wearable devices such as head-mounted displays, mobile display devices such as smartphones and tablets, and stationary display devices such as televisions and lighting.

[0286] Below, an example of a display device capable of infrared sensing will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0287] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the display device of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the display device 100 includes an infrared light source 101, an infrared light receiving unit 102, a visible light emitting panel 103 which is one of the above-mentioned display elements, an optical absorption anisotropy layer 1 which is the above-mentioned optical absorption anisotropy layer A, and an optical anisotropy layer 2. As shown in Figure 1, infrared light emitted from the infrared light source 101 passes through the optical anisotropy layer 2 and the optical absorption anisotropy layer 1 in that order and irradiates the palm of the person being measured. The infrared light reflected from the person being measured then passes through the optical absorption anisotropy layer 1 and the optical anisotropy layer 2 in that order and is received by the light receiving unit 102. The infrared light received by the light receiving unit 102 is unpolarized.

[0288] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the display device of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the display device 200 includes an infrared light source 101, an infrared light receiving unit 102, a visible light emitting panel 103 which is one of the above-mentioned display elements, an optical absorption anisotropy layer 1 which is the above-mentioned optical absorption anisotropy layer A, an optical anisotropy layer 2, an infrared light polarizer 3a, and an infrared light polarizer 3b. The display device 200 in Figure 2 has the same configuration as the display device 100 in Figure 1, except that it further includes an infrared light polarizer 3a and an infrared light polarizer 3b. As shown in Figure 2, infrared light emitted from the infrared light source 101 passes through the infrared polarizer 3a, the optical anisotropy layer 2, and the light absorption anisotropy layer 1 in that order, and is irradiated onto the palm of the person being measured. The infrared light reflected from the person being measured then passes through the light absorption anisotropy layer 1, the optical anisotropy layer 2, and the infrared polarizer 3b in that order, and is received by the light receiving unit 102. The infrared light received by the light receiving unit 102 is linearly polarized.

[0289] [Viewing Angle Control Layer] The display device of the present invention may have a viewing angle control layer. Here, the viewing angle control layer is a layer used to prevent people from looking into the display device or to switch the viewing angle, and controls the transmittance when viewed from the front and oblique directions of the display device. Examples include 3M's light control film and laminates that utilize an anisotropic light absorbing layer with an absorption axis in the thickness direction. For laminates that utilize an anisotropic light absorbing layer with an absorption axis in the thickness direction, see, for example, paragraphs

[0006] to

[0043] of International Publication No. 2018 / 079854. As an example of the display device of the present invention, an organic EL display device is preferably configured to have, from the viewing side, the above-mentioned viewing angle control layer, the above-mentioned light absorption anisotropy layer A, the above-mentioned optical anisotropy layer, and an organic EL display panel in this order.

[0290] [Surface protection material] In the present invention, it is preferable that the display device has a surface protective material on the side that is most visible. Here, the materials constituting the surface protective material are not particularly limited and may be inorganic or organic. Examples of inorganic materials include glass substrates. Examples of organic materials include support structures made of polymer films such as polyimide or cellulose acylate. The surface layer of each surface protective material may include one or more layers selected from a surface hardening layer (hard coat layer) or a low-reflection layer that suppresses surface reflection occurring at the air interface.

[0291] The thickness of the surface protective material is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of thinness, it is preferably 800 μm or less, and more preferably 100 μm or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 0.1 μm or more. For example, a glass substrate with a thickness of 100 μm or less that can be bent is preferable because it allows for the utilization of the flexible characteristics of organic EL display devices. Furthermore, for glass substrates with a thickness of 100 μm or less, from the viewpoint of impact resistance, it is also preferable to laminate a resin film made of (meth)acrylic resin, polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), cellulose resin such as triacetylcellulose (TAC), or cycloolefin resin such as norbornene resin to the glass substrate with an adhesive or the like as a protective film. In particular, from the viewpoint of flexibility, it is preferable to laminate polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and from the viewpoint of visibility, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having a Re between 3000 nm and 10000 nm is preferable.

[0292] [Infrared light irradiation device] The infrared light irradiation device of the present invention has the above-described optical absorption anisotropy layer (optical absorption anisotropy layer A) or the above-described laminate of the present invention, and more specifically, further has the above-described infrared light source. In an infrared light irradiation device, infrared light irradiated from an infrared light source passes through the light-absorbing anisotropic layer or the laminate of the present invention.

[0293] [Infrared light sensing device] The infrared light sensing device of the present invention has the above-described optical absorption anisotropy layer (optical absorption anisotropy layer A) or the above-described laminate of the present invention, and more specifically, further comprises the above-described infrared light source and the above-described infrared light receiving unit. The optical absorption anisotropy layer or the above-described laminate of the present invention is arranged on the optical path of infrared light. [Examples]

[0294] The present invention will be described in more detail below based on the following examples. The materials, amounts used, proportions, processing content, and processing procedures shown in the following examples can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited by the following examples.

[0295] [Example 1] [Preparation of transparent supports] The following compositions were added to a mixing tank and stirred to prepare a cellulose acetate solution to be used as a cellulose acylate dope for the core layer. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Core layer cellulose acylate doped ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 100 parts by mass of cellulose acetate with an acetyl substitution degree of 2.88 • Table 1 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2015-227955 Polyester B 12 parts by mass as described • Compound F below: 2 parts by mass • Methylene chloride (first solvent) 430 parts by mass • Methanol (second solvent) 64 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0296] Compound F [ka]

[0297] A cellulose acetate solution to be used as the outer layer cellulose acylate dope was prepared by adding 10 parts by mass of the following mat agent solution to 90 parts by mass of the above-mentioned core layer cellulose acylate dope.

[0298] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Mat solution ------------------------------------------------------------------ • Silica particles with an average particle size of 20 nm (AEROSIL R972, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 2 parts by mass • Methylene chloride (first solvent) 76 parts by mass • Methanol (second solvent) 11 parts by mass • 1 part by mass of the above-mentioned core layer cellulose acylate doped ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0299] The core layer cellulose acylate dope and the outer layer cellulose acylate dope were filtered using filter paper with an average pore size of 34 μm and a sintered metal filter with an average pore size of 10 μm. Then, the core layer cellulose acylate dope and the outer layer cellulose acylate dope on both sides were simultaneously cast into a drum at 20°C from the casting port (band casting machine). Next, the film was peeled off the drum when the solvent content in the film was approximately 20% by mass. Both ends of the film in the width direction were fixed with tenter clips, and the film was dried while being stretched transversely at a stretching ratio of 1.1 times. Subsequently, the obtained film was further dried by transporting it between rolls in a heat treatment apparatus to produce a transparent support with a thickness of 40 μm, which was designated as cellulose acylate film A1.

[0300] [Formation of photo-aligned film B1] The photo-alignment film-forming composition described later was continuously applied onto the cellulose acylate film A1 using a wire bar. The support with the coated film was dried with 140°C hot air for 120 seconds, and then polarized ultraviolet light (10 mJ / cm²) was irradiated onto the coating film.2 By using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a photo-alignment film B1 was formed, and a TAC (triacetylcellulose) film with the photo-alignment film was obtained. The thickness of the photo-alignment film B1 was 0.25 μm. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition for forming photo-alignment film ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 100.00 parts by mass of the polymer PA-1 below • Acid generator PAG-1: 8.25 parts by mass • Stabilizer DIPEA 0.6 parts by mass Xylene 1126.60 parts by mass • Methyl isobutyl ketone 125.18 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0301] Polymer PA-1 (In the formula, the numerical values ​​listed for each repeating unit represent the content (mass %) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units.) [ka]

[0302] Acid Generator PAG-1 [ka]

[0303] Stabilizer DIPEA [ka]

[0304] [Fabrication of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1] A light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition C1 with the following composition was continuously applied to the obtained photo-alignment film B1 using a wire bar to form a coating film. Next, the coating was heated at 140°C for 15 seconds, followed by a heating treatment at 80°C for 5 seconds, and then cooled to room temperature (23°C). Next, the coating was heated at 75°C for 60 seconds and then cooled again to room temperature. Subsequently, an illuminance of 200 mW / cm was measured using an LED (light-emitting diode) lamp (center wavelength 365 nm, half-width 10 nm). 2 By irradiating the photo-aligned film B1 for 2 seconds under the specified irradiation conditions, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1 (polarizer) (thickness: 2.0 μm) was fabricated on the photo-aligned film B1. The transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1 was measured using a spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 280 to 780 nm, and the average visible light transmittance was 42%. The degree of orientation was measured as described below, and the degree of orientation at a wavelength of 650 nm was 0.97. Furthermore, when an in-plane measurement was performed on the optical absorption anisotropy layer C1 using a thin-film evaluation X-ray diffractometer (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, product name: "ATX-G" in-plane optical system), a Bragg peak was observed.

[0305] <Evaluation of Orientation> With a linear polarizer inserted into the light source side of an optical microscope (Nikon Corporation, product name "ECLIPSE E600 POL"), a laminate containing an anisotropic light-absorbing layer was set on the sample stage, and the absorbance of the anisotropic light-absorbing layer in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm was measured using a multi-channel spectrometer (Ocean Optics, product name "QE65000"), and the degree of orientation was calculated using the following formula. Orientation degree: S=[(Az0 / Ay0)-1] / [(Az0 / Ay0)+2] Az0: Absorbance of polarization in the absorption axis direction of the light absorption anisotropy layer Ay0: Absorbance of the polarization in the polarization axis direction of the light absorption anisotropy layer Furthermore, if the support, photo-orientation layer, oxygen barrier layer, adhesive layer, phase difference layer (positive A plate, positive C plate, etc.), bonding layer, surface film, etc., do not have absorption in the 400-700 nm range, the degree of orientation of the photo-absorbing anisotropy layer can be measured without any influence even when measuring the laminate containing these components.

[0306] The absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1 was in the plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1 and perpendicular to the width direction of the cellulose acylate film A1.

[0307] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of composition C1 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 0.59 parts by mass of the following first dichroic substance, Dye-C1 • 0.14 parts by mass of the second dichroic substance Dye-M1 described below. • 0.25 parts by mass of the third dichroic substance Dye-Y1 described below. • 3.27 parts by mass of the following liquid crystalline compound L-1 • 1.44 parts by mass of the following liquid crystalline compound L-2 • 0.06 parts by mass of the adhesion-improving agent A-1 listed below. • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (BASF) 0.18 parts by mass • Surfactant F-1 (listed below): 0.030 parts by mass Cyclopentanone 91.70 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 2.35 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0308] Dichroic substance Dye-C1 [ka]

[0309] Dichroic substance Dye-M1 [ka]

[0310] Dichroic substance Dye-Y1 [ka]

[0311] Liquid crystal compound L-1 (In the formula, the numerical values ​​indicated for each repeating unit ("59", "15", "26") represent the content (mass %) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units.) [ka]

[0312] Liquid crystal compound L-2 [ka]

[0313] Adhesion enhancer A-1 [ka]

[0314] Surfactant F-1 (In the formula, the numerical values ​​listed for each repeating unit represent the content (mass %) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units.) [ka]

[0315] [Formation of oxygen barrier layer D1] A coating solution D1 with the following composition was continuously applied to the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1 using a wire bar. Then, it was dried with 80°C hot air for 5 minutes, followed by UV irradiation (300 mJ / cm²). 2 Using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a laminate was obtained in which an oxygen barrier layer D1 made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a thickness of 1.0 μm was formed, namely a laminate CP1 comprising a cellulose acylate film A1 (transparent support), a photo-alignment film B1, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1, and an oxygen barrier layer D1 adjacent to each other in this order. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of coating solution D1 for forming an oxygen barrier layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 3.30 parts by mass of the following modified polyvinyl alcohol • Initiator Irg2959 0.20 parts by mass • Surfactant F-2: 0.0018 parts by mass ·Water 74.1 parts by mass • Methanol 22.4 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0316] Modified polyvinyl alcohol [ka]

[0317] Surfactant F-2 [ka]

[0318] [Preparation of TAC film with positive A plate] A photo-alignment film-forming coating solution E1 with the following composition was continuously applied to the cellulose acylate film A1 described above using a wire bar. The coated support was dried with 140°C hot air for 120 seconds, and then polarized ultraviolet light (10 mJ / cm²) was irradiated onto the coating. 2 By using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a photo-alignment film E1 with a thickness of 0.2 μm was formed, and a TAC film with a photo-alignment film was obtained.

[0319] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Coating liquid E1 for photo alignment film formation ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 100.00 parts by mass of the polymer PA-2 below • 5.00 parts by mass of the above acid generator PAG-1 • The following acid generator CPI-110TF: 0.005 parts by mass Isopropyl alcohol 16.50 parts by mass Butyl acetate 1072.00 parts by mass Methyl ethyl ketone 268.00 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0320] Acid Generator CPI-110TF [ka]

[0321] Polymer PA-2 [ka]

[0322] Composition F1, having the composition described below, was applied to the photo-alignment film E1 using a bar coater. The coating formed on the photo-alignment film E1 was heated to 120°C with hot air, then cooled to 60°C, and subsequently heated at a wavelength of 365 nm using a high-pressure mercury lamp at 100 mJ / cm² under a nitrogen atmosphere. 2 The coating is irradiated with ultraviolet light, followed by heating to 120°C while applying 500 mJ / cm² of UV light. 2 By irradiating the coating with ultraviolet light, the orientation of the liquid crystalline compound was fixed, and a TAC film having a positive A plate F1 was fabricated. The thickness of the positive A plate F1 was 2.5 μm, and its Re(550) was 144 nm. Furthermore, the positive A plate satisfied the relationship Re(450) ≤ Re(550) ≤ Re(650). The ratio of Re(450) / Re(550) was 0.82.

[0323] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition F1 ------------------------------------------------------------------ • Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-1: 43.50 parts by mass • Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-2: 43.50 parts by mass • 8.00 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-3 listed below. • Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-4: 5.00 parts by mass • Polymerization initiator PI-1: 0.55 parts by mass • Leveling agent T-1: 0.20 parts by mass Cyclopentanone 235.00 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0324] Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-1 (tBu represents a tert-butyl group) [ka]

[0325] Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-2 [ka]

[0326] Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-3 [ka]

[0327] Polymerizable liquid crystalline compound LA-4 (Me represents a methyl group) [ka]

[0328] Polymerization initiator PI-1 [ka]

[0329] Leveling agent T-1 [ka]

[0330] [Preparation of TAC film with positive C plate H1] The cellulose acylate film A1 described above was used as a temporary support. Cellulose acylate film A1 is passed through a dielectric heating roll at a temperature of 60°C, and after raising the surface temperature of the film to 40°C, an alkaline solution with the composition shown below is applied to one side of the film using a bar coater at a rate of 14 ml / m². 2 The sample was coated, heated to 110°C, and then transported for 10 seconds under a steam-type far-infrared heater manufactured by Noritake Co., Limited. Next, using the same bar coater, 3 ml / m² of pure water is applied to the film. 2 The film was then coated. Next, after repeating the process of rinsing with a fountain coater and removing the water with an air knife three times, the film was transported to a 70°C drying zone for 10 seconds to dry, thereby producing an alkali-saponified cellulose acylate film A1.

[0331] ------------------------------------------------------------------ (Alkaline solution) ------------------------------------------------------------------ • Potassium hydroxide 4.7 parts by mass ·Water 15.8 parts by mass Isopropanol 63.7 parts by mass Fluorine-containing surfactant SF-1 (C 14 H 29 O(CH2CH2O) 20 H) 1.0 parts by mass • Propylene glycol 14.8 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0332] A photo-alignment film forming solution G1 with the following composition was continuously applied to the alkali-saponified cellulose acylate film A1 using a #8 wire bar. The resulting film was dried with 60°C hot air for 60 seconds, and then with 100°C hot air for 120 seconds to form the photo-alignment film G1.

[0333] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Coating liquid G1 for photo alignment film formation ------------------------------------------------------------------ • Polyvinyl alcohol (manufactured by Kuraray, PVA103) 2.4 parts by mass • Isopropyl alcohol 1.6 parts by mass • Methanol 36 parts by mass ·Water 60 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0334] A coating solution H1 for forming a positive C plate, with the composition described below, is applied onto the photo-alignment film G1. The resulting coating film is then cured at 60°C for 60 seconds, followed by exposure to air at 70 mW / cm². 2 Using an air-cooled metal halide lamp (manufactured by iGraphics Co., Ltd.), 1000 mJ / cm² 2 By irradiating with ultraviolet light to fix its orientation, the liquid crystalline compound was vertically oriented, and a TAC film having a 0.5 μm thick positive C plate H1 was fabricated. The Rth(550) of the obtained positive C plate was -60 nm.

[0335] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Coating solution H1 for forming positive C plates ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 80 parts by mass of the following liquid crystalline compound LC-1 • 20 parts by mass of the following liquid crystalline compound LC-2 • 1 part by mass of the following vertically oriented liquid crystalline compound activator S01 • Ethylene oxide modified trimethylolpropane triacrylate (V#360, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) 8 parts by mass • IrgaCure 907 (BASF) 3 parts by mass • Kayacure DETX (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass • Compound B03 (listed below): 0.4 parts by mass • Methyl ethyl ketone 170 parts by mass ·Cyclohexanone 30 parts by mass ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0336] Liquid crystalline compound LC-1 [Chemical Formula]

[0337] Liquid crystalline compound LC-2 [Chemical Formula]

[0338] Vertical alignment agent for liquid crystalline compound S01 [Chemical Formula]

[0339] Compound B03 [Chemical Formula]

[0340] [Preparation of pressure-sensitive adhesives N1 and N2] Next, an acrylate polymer was prepared according to the following procedure. In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a nitrogen inlet tube, a thermometer and a stirring device, 95 parts by mass of butyl acrylate and 5 parts by mass of acrylic acid were polymerized by a solution polymerization method to obtain an acrylate polymer (NA1) having an average molecular weight of 2,000,000 and a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 3.0.

[0341] Next, using the obtained acrylate polymer (NA1), an acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive was produced with the following composition. These compositions were applied onto a release film surface-treated with a silicone-based release agent using a die coater, dried for 1 minute in an environment of 90°C, and irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light under the following conditions to obtain the following acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesives N1 and N2 (adhesive layers). The composition and film thickness of the acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive are shown below. <UV irradiation conditions> Fusion Corporation Electrodeless Lamp H Bulb ·Illuminance 600mW / cm 2 , light intensity 150mJ / cm 2 UV irradiance and light intensity were measured using the "UVPF-36" manufactured by iGraphics.

[0342] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Acrylate-based adhesive N1 (film thickness 15 μm) ------------------------------------------------------------------ • Acrylate polymer (NA1) 100 parts by mass • 11.1 parts by mass of the following (A) polyfunctional acrylate monomer • (B) Photopolymerization initiator 1.1 parts by mass • The following (C) isocyanate-based crosslinking agent: 1.0 part by mass • 0.2 parts by mass of the silane coupling agent (D) listed below. ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0343] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Acrylate-based adhesive N2 (film thickness 25 μm) ------------------------------------------------------------------ • Acrylate polymer (NA1) 100 parts by mass • The following (C) isocyanate-based crosslinking agent: 1.0 part by mass • 0.2 parts by mass of the silane coupling agent (D) listed below. ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0344] (A) Polyfunctional acrylate monomer: Tris(acryloyloxyethyl) isocyanurate, molecular weight = 423, trifunctional type (manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd., trade name "Aronics M-315") (B) Photopolymerization initiator: A mixture of benzophenone and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone in a 1:1 mass ratio, "Irgacure 500" manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals. (C) Isocyanate-based crosslinking agent: Trimethylolpropane-modified tolylene diisocyanate ("Coronate L" manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Co., Ltd.) (D) Silane coupling agent: 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. "KBM-403")

[0345] [Preparation of UV adhesive] A UV adhesive composition with the following composition was prepared. ───────────────────────────────── UV adhesive composition ------------------------------------------------------------------ • CEL2021P (manufactured by Daicel Corporation) 70 parts by mass 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether 20 parts by mass 2-Ethylhexylglycidyl ether 10 parts by mass ·CPI-100P 2.25 parts by mass ─────────────────────────────────

[0346] CPI-100P [ka]

[0347] [Fabrication of laminated CPAC1] The phase difference side of the TAC film having the positive A plate F1 and the phase difference side of the TAC film having the positive C plate H1 are bonded together using the UV adhesive composition at a rate of 600 mJ / cm². 2The plates were bonded using UV irradiation. The thickness of the UV adhesive layer was 3 μm. The surfaces to be bonded with the UV adhesive were each subjected to corona treatment. Next, the photo-alignment film E1 and cellulose acylate film A1 on the positive A plate F1 side were removed to form the phase difference plate AC1. The layer structure of the phase difference plate AC1 is as follows: positive A plate F1, UV adhesive layer, positive C plate H1, photo-alignment film G1, and cellulose acylate film A1. The oxygen barrier layer D1 side of the laminate CP1 was bonded to the support side of the low-reflection surface film CV-LC5 (manufactured by Fujifilm Corporation) using the adhesive N1. Next, only the cellulose acylate film A1 contained in the laminate CP1 was removed, and the removed surface was bonded to the positive A plate F1 side of the phase difference plate AC1 using the adhesive N1. Next, the photo-alignment film G1 and cellulose acylate film A1 on the positive C plate H1 side contained in the phase difference plate AC1 were removed to fabricate the laminate CPAC1. At this time, the lamination was performed so that the angle between the absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropy layer C1 contained in the laminate CPAC1 and the slow phase axis of the positive A plate F1 was 45°. The layer structure of the laminate CPAC1 is as follows: low-reflection surface film CV-LC5, adhesive layer N1, oxygen barrier layer D1, light-absorbing anisotropy layer C1, photo-alignment film B1, adhesive layer N1, positive A plate F1, UV adhesive layer, and positive C plate H1.

[0348] A Samsung Galaxy S5 equipped with an organic EL panel (organic EL display element) was disassembled, and the touch panel with a circular polarizer was peeled off from the organic EL display device. The circular polarizer was then peeled off from the touch panel, isolating the organic EL display element, touch panel, and circular polarizer. Next, the isolated touch panel was re-bonded to the organic EL display element, and the positive C plate 1 side of the laminate CPAC1 prepared above was bonded onto the touch panel, ensuring that no air was trapped inside, to create an organic EL display device 1.

[0349] [Examples 2-7] [Fabrication of laminate CP2] For example 1, composition C1 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer was replaced with composition C2 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer to produce a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C2 (thickness: 2.0 μm). The absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C2 was in the plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C2 and perpendicular to the width direction of the cellulose acylate film A1. Subsequently, laminate CP2 was obtained in the same manner as in Fabrication Example 1.

[0350] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of composition C2 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 0.46 parts by mass of the first dichroic substance Dye-C1 mentioned above. • 0.14 parts by mass of the second dichroic substance Dye-M1 mentioned above. • 0.25 parts by mass of the third dichroic substance Dye-Y1 mentioned above. • 3.27 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-1 • 1.44 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-2 • 0.06 parts by mass of the above adhesion improver A-1 • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (BASF) 0.18 parts by mass • 0.030 parts by mass of the above surfactant F-1 Cyclopentanone 91.83 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 2.35 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0351] [Fabrication of laminate CP3] For example 1, composition C1 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer was replaced with composition C3 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer to produce a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C3 (thickness: 2.0 μm). The absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C3 was in the plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C3 and perpendicular to the width direction of the cellulose acylate film A1. Subsequently, laminate CP3 was obtained in the same manner as in Fabrication Example 1.

[0352] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of composition C3 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 0.35 parts by mass of the first dichroic substance Dye-C1 mentioned above. • 0.14 parts by mass of the second dichroic substance Dye-M1 mentioned above. • 0.25 parts by mass of the third dichroic substance Dye-Y1 mentioned above. • 3.27 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-1 • 1.44 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-2 • 0.06 parts by mass of the above adhesion improver A-1 • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (BASF) 0.18 parts by mass • 0.030 parts by mass of the above surfactant F-1 Cyclopentanone 91.94 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 2.35 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0353] [Fabrication of laminate CP4] For example 1, the composition C1 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer was replaced with composition C4 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer to produce a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C4 (thickness: 2.0 μm). When the transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C4 was measured using a spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 280 to 780 nm, the average visible light transmittance was found to be 42%. The absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C4 was in the plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C4 and perpendicular to the width direction of the cellulose acylate film A1. Subsequently, laminate CP4 was obtained in the same manner as in Fabrication Example 1.

[0354] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of composition C4 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 0.59 parts by mass of the following first dichroic substance, Dye-C2 • 0.14 parts by mass of the second dichroic substance Dye-M1 mentioned above. • 0.25 parts by mass of the third dichroic substance Dye-Y1 mentioned above. • 3.27 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-1 • 1.44 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-2 • 0.06 parts by mass of the above adhesion improver A-1 • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (BASF) 0.18 parts by mass • 0.030 parts by mass of the above surfactant F-1 Cyclopentanone 91.70 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 2.35 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0355] Dichroic substance Dye-C2 [ka]

[0356] [Fabrication of laminate CP5] For example 1, the composition C1 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer was replaced with composition C5 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer, and a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C5 (thickness: 2.0 μm) was fabricated. When the transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C5 was measured using a spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 280 to 780 nm, the average visible light transmittance was found to be 42%. The absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C5 was in the plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C5 and perpendicular to the width direction of the cellulose acylate film A1. Subsequently, laminate CP5 was obtained in the same manner as in Fabrication Example 1.

[0357] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of composition C5 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 0.59 parts by mass of the following first dichroic substance, Dye-C3 • 0.14 parts by mass of the second dichroic substance Dye-M1 mentioned above. • 0.25 parts by mass of the third dichroic substance Dye-Y1 mentioned above. • 3.27 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-1 • 1.44 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-2 • 0.06 parts by mass of the above adhesion improver A-1 • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (BASF) 0.18 parts by mass • Surfactant F-1 (listed below): 0.030 parts by mass Cyclopentanone 91.70 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 2.35 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0358] Dichroic substance Dye-C3 [ka]

[0359] [Fabrication of laminate CP6] For example 1, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition C1 was replaced with the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition C6 to produce a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C6 (thickness: 2.0 μm). The absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C6 was in the plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C6 and perpendicular to the width direction of the cellulose acylate film A1. Subsequently, laminate CP6 was obtained in the same manner as in Fabrication Example 1.

[0360] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of composition C6 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ ·0.35 parts by mass of the above first dichroic substance Dye-C3 • 0.14 parts by mass of the second dichroic substance Dye-M1 mentioned above. • 0.25 parts by mass of the third dichroic substance Dye-Y1 mentioned above. • 3.27 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-1 • 1.44 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-2 • 0.06 parts by mass of the above adhesion improver A-1 • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (BASF) 0.18 parts by mass • Surfactant F-1 (listed below): 0.030 parts by mass Cyclopentanone 91.94 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 2.35 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0361] [Fabrication of laminate CP7] For example 1, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition C1 was replaced with the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition C7 to produce a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C7 (thickness: 2.0 μm). When the transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C7 was measured using a spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 280 to 780 nm, the average visible light transmittance was found to be 42%. The absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C7 was in the plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C7 and perpendicular to the width direction of the cellulose acylate film A1. Subsequently, laminate CP7 was obtained in the same manner as in Fabrication Example 1.

[0362] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of composition C7 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ • 1.41 parts by mass of the following first dichroic substance, Dye-C4 • 0.14 parts by mass of the second dichroic substance Dye-M1 mentioned above. • 0.25 parts by mass of the third dichroic substance Dye-Y1 mentioned above. • 3.27 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-1 • 1.44 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-2 • 0.06 parts by mass of the above adhesion improver A-1 • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (BASF) 0.18 parts by mass • 0.030 parts by mass of the above surfactant F-1 Cyclopentanone 90.88 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 2.35 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0363] The dichroic substance Dye-C4 (wherein Me represents a methyl group). [ka]

[0364] [Fabrication of Organic EL Display Devices 2-7] Organic EL display devices 2 to 7 were fabricated using the laminates CP2 to CP7 prepared above, in the same manner as the laminate CP1 in Fabrication Example 1.

[0365] [Example 8] [Fabrication of PVA polarizer 8] A polyvinyl alcohol-based film (VF-XS, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 75 μm, a degree of polymerization of 2400, and a degree of saponification of 99% or more was swollen with 40°C warm water, and then stained with an aqueous solution containing iodine, potassium iodide, and boric acid. The stained film was stretched in a solution containing 3% by mass of boric acid, and after stretching, it was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 5% by mass of potassium iodide. The film, which had been immersed in the potassium iodide aqueous solution for 15 seconds, was dried in a 70°C dryer for 10 minutes to obtain a polarizer 8 (light-absorbing anisotropic layer 8) with a thickness of 15 μm.

[0366] [Fabrication of Organic EL Display Device 8] One side of the polarizer 8 was bonded to the support side of the low-reflection surface film CV-LC5 (manufactured by Fujifilm Corporation) using PVA adhesive. Next, the other side of the polarizer 8 was bonded to the positive A plate F1 side of the phase difference plate AC1 using the adhesive N1. Then, the photo-alignment film G1 and cellulose acylate film A1 on the positive C plate H1 side of the phase difference plate AC1 were removed to fabricate the laminate CPAC8. At this time, the polarizer 8 contained in the laminate CPAC8 was bonded so that the angle between the absorption axis and the slow phase axis of the positive A plate F1 was 45°. The layer structure of the laminate CPAC8 is as follows: low-reflection surface film CV-LC5, PVA adhesive layer, polarizer 8, adhesive layer N1, positive A plate F1, UV adhesive layer, and positive C plate H1. Furthermore, an organic EL display device 8 was fabricated using the laminated CPAC8 in the same manner as in Fabrication Example 1.

[0367] [evaluation] [Degree of Polarization] The degree of polarization was measured at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm using the laminate obtained after the formation of the oxygen barrier layer (for example, in Example 1, laminate CP1 comprising a cellulose acylate film A1 (transparent support), a photo-alignment film B1, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1, and an oxygen barrier layer D1 arranged in this order adjacently) or polarizer 8. Specifically, the transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer was measured using an automated polarizing film measuring device (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, product name VAP-7070), and the degree of polarization was calculated using the following formula. Degree of polarization [%]=[(MD-TD) / (MD+TD)]×100 MD: Transmittance for polarizations vibrating in the y-axis direction (direction perpendicular to the absorption axis) of the anisotropic light absorption layer. TD: Transmittance for polarizations vibrating in the x-axis direction (absorption axis direction) of the light absorption anisotropy layer. Furthermore, components other than the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the laminate do not have absorption at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm.

[0368] [Absorbance] The average absorbance at a wavelength of 750 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer with the laminate obtained after the formation of the oxygen barrier layer (for example, in Example 1, a laminate CP1 comprising a cellulose acylate film A1 (transparent support), a photo-alignment film B1, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1, and an oxygen barrier layer D1 adjacent to each other in this order) or a polarizer 8. Furthermore, components other than the light-absorbing anisotropic layer in the laminate do not have absorption at a wavelength of 750 nm.

[0369] [Display performance] The display screen of the fabricated organic EL display device was set to black, and the reflected light was observed when a fluorescent lamp was shone on it from the front. The display performance was evaluated based on the following criteria. A: It is black, so no color is visible at all, and it has low reflectivity. B: Slight coloration is visible, but the reflectivity is low. C: The color is visible and the reflectivity is high.

[0370] [Infrared light utilization efficiency] The infrared light utilization efficiency was evaluated using laminates CPAC1-8. A light source with a wavelength of 700-850 nm (using Ocean Optics' ecoVis with a cut filter that allows light of 700-850 nm to pass through) was passed through two of the above laminates stacked on top of each other (assuming that the light emitted from the light source passes through the laminate twice before reaching the sensor), and brightness measurements were taken using a near-infrared spectroradiometer (Topcon SR-NIR). Display performance was evaluated based on the following criteria. A: Compared to without the laminate, the illuminance was maintained at 80% or more. B: Compared to without the laminate, the illuminance was maintained at 65% to less than 80%. C: Compared to no laminate, illuminance was maintained at 50% to less than 65%. D: Illuminance decreased to less than 50% compared to without the laminate.

[0371] The results of each evaluation are shown in Table 1 below.

[0372] [Table 1]

[0373] Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5 of the present invention, which satisfy equations (1) to (4), were confirmed to have excellent display performance and infrared light utilization efficiency.

[0374] [Example 9] [Fabrication of laminate CP9] For example 1, the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition C1 was replaced with the light-absorbing anisotropic layer-forming composition C9 to produce a light-absorbing anisotropic layer C9 (thickness: 3.0 μm). We confirmed that the maximum absorption wavelength of the optical absorption anisotropy layer C9 is located in the wavelength range of 800-850 nm. The absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C9 was in the plane of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C9 and perpendicular to the width direction of the cellulose acylate film A1. Laminate CP9 was obtained in the same manner as the laminate CP1 in Fabrication Example 1, except that light-absorbing anisotropic layer C9 was used instead of light-absorbing anisotropic layer C1.

[0375] ------------------------------------------------------------------ Composition of composition C9 for forming a light-absorbing anisotropic layer ------------------------------------------------------------------ • The following dichroic substance IR-1: 0.39 parts by mass • 2.70 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-1 • 1.16 parts by mass of the above liquid crystalline compound L-2 • 0.06 parts by mass of the above adhesion improver A-1 • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (manufactured by BASF) 0.17 parts by mass • 0.030 parts by mass of the above surfactant F-1 Cyclopentanone 90.88 parts by mass Benzyl alcohol 2.35 parts by mass ------------------------------------------------------------------

[0376] Dichroic substance IR-1 [ka]

[0377] [Fabrication of the laminated CPACIR1] The anisotropic light-absorbing layer side of laminate CP9 and the positive C plate H1 side of laminate CPAC1 were bonded together with the adhesive N1, and the cellulose acylate film A1 was peeled off to fabricate laminate CPACIR1. In this process, the absorption axis of laminate CP9 was aligned with the absorption axis of laminate CP1. The CPAC1 portion of this laminate sufficiently transmitted infrared light (850 nm), and when infrared light was incident from the CP9 side, elliptical polarization of the infrared light was generated.

[0378] [Example 10] [Fabrication of laminate CP10] <Synthesis> The following rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound I-1 and dichroic dyes II-1 to II-2 having hydrophilic groups were synthesized by known methods. Rod-shaped compound I-1 is a high molecular weight liquid crystalline compound (where n is 2 or greater in the formula below), and its number-average molecular weight was 24,000, with a molecular weight distribution of 6.8. Furthermore, both dichroic dyes II-1 and II-2 exhibited lyotropic liquid crystal properties.

[0379] Rod-shaped liquid crystal compound I-1 [ka]

[0380] Rod-shaped liquid crystal compound II-1 [ka]

[0381] Rod-shaped liquid crystal compound II-2 [ka]

[0382] <Fabrication of light-absorbing anisotropic layer CP10> Composition 1 for forming an anisotropic organic film was prepared with the following composition. Composition 1 for forming an anisotropic organic film was a composition exhibiting lyotropic liquid crystal properties. ───────────────────────────────── Composition 1 for forming anisotropic organic films ───────────────────────────────── • 10 parts by mass of the above-mentioned rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound I-1 • 0.5 parts by mass of the above dichroic dye II-1 • 0.5 parts by mass of the above dichroic dye II-2 ·Water 89 parts by mass ─────────────────────────────────

[0383] 5 g of the anisotropic organic film-forming composition 1 prepared above and 20 g of Φ2 mm zirconia beads were placed in a 45 mL zirconia container and milled for 50 minutes at a rotation speed of 300 rpm using a FRISCH P-7 Classic Line planetary ball mill. The anisotropic organic film-forming composition 1, milled as described above, was applied to a glass substrate using a wire bar (movement speed: 100 cm / s) and air-dried. Next, the resulting coating was immersed in a 1 mol / L aqueous calcium chloride solution for 5 seconds, washed with deionized water, and air-dried to fix the orientation, thereby producing a 1.6 μm thick light-absorbing anisotropic layer C10. We confirmed that the maximum absorption wavelength of the anisotropic light-absorbing layer C10 is 925 nm. Furthermore, the absorption axis of the anisotropic light-absorbing layer C10 was located within the plane of the layer.

[0384] [Fabrication of the CPACIR2 laminate] The light-absorbing anisotropic layer C10 and the positive C plate H1 side of the laminate CPAC1 were bonded together with the adhesive N1, and the glass plate was peeled off to fabricate the laminate CPACIR2. At this time, the absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer C10 was aligned with the absorption axis of CP1. The CPAC1 portion of this laminate transmits infrared light (850 nm) sufficiently, and when infrared light is incident from the CP10 side, elliptical polarization of the infrared light is generated. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0385] 1. Light-absorbing anisotropic layer (Light-absorbing anisotropic layer A) 2 Optically Anisotropic Layer 3. Light-absorbing anisotropic layer (Light-absorbing anisotropic layer B) 3a,3b Infrared light polarizer 11 Infrared Radiation 12 Infrared incident light 100,200 display devices 101 Infrared light source 102 Infrared light receiving section 103 Visible light-emitting panel

Claims

1. A light-absorbing anisotropic layer having an organic dichroic dye and a liquid crystalline compound, satisfying the following formulas (1) to (4). (1) P(450)>99.0% (2) P(550)>99.0% (3) P(650)>99.0% (4) A(750)<0.20 However, P(450) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 450 nm, P(550) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 550 nm, P(650) represents the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 650 nm, and A(750) represents the average absorbance at a wavelength of 750 nm.

2. The light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to claim 1, satisfying the following formula (5). (5) A(750)≦0.15

3. The light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to claim 1, satisfying the following formula (6). (6) A(750)≦0.10

4. The light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to claim 1, wherein the film thickness is 0.5 to 5.0 μm.

5. The light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to claim 1, wherein the content of the organic dichroic dye is 5 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the content of the liquid crystalline compound.

6. The content of the organic dichroic dye in the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is 100 to 250 mg / cm³. ３ The light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to claim 1.

7. The optical absorption anisotropy layer according to claim 1, wherein the degree of orientation at a wavelength of 650 nm is 0.95 or higher.

8. The optical absorption anisotropy layer according to claim 1, which exhibits a Bragg peak in X-ray diffraction measurements.

9. The organic dichroic dye comprises a first dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 700 nm, a second dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 nm or more and less than 560 nm, and a third dichroic azo dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 380 nm or more and less than 455 nm. The light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to claim 1, wherein the content ratio of the second dichroic azo dye compound to the first dichroic azo dye compound is 0.1 to 10 in molar terms.

10. A laminate comprising a light-absorbing anisotropic layer and an optical anisotropic layer according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A laminate comprising a light-absorbing anisotropic layer A which is a light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and a light-absorbing anisotropic layer B which is different from the light-absorbing anisotropic layer A, A laminate in which the light-absorbing anisotropic layer B contains a dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 700 to 1400 nm.

12. A light-absorbing anisotropic layer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, for use in a display device, sensor, lens, switching element, isolator, or camera.

13. The laminate according to claim 10, which is for use as a display device, sensor, lens, switching element, isolator, or camera.

14. A display device having the laminate described in Claim 10.

15. An infrared light irradiation device having the laminate described in Claim 10.

16. An infrared light sensing device having the laminate described in Claim 10.

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